├── .gitignore ├── README.md ├── backend ├── Dockerfile └── app.py ├── diagram.png ├── docker-compose.yaml ├── drawio_diagram.xml ├── frontend ├── Dockerfile ├── package-lock.json ├── package.json └── server.js ├── nginx ├── Dockerfile └── default.conf └── stack.yaml /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | backend/Pipfile 2 | backend/Pipfile.lock 3 | frontend/node_modules 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # ECS Full Stack 2 | 3 | Independently Scalable Multi-Container Microservices Architecture on AWS Fargate 4 | 5 | ## Overview 6 | 7 | ![AWS Diagram](diagram.png) 8 | 9 | Information and walkthrough coming soon. 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /backend/Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | FROM python:alpine 2 | 3 | RUN pip install Flask 4 | 5 | WORKDIR /app 6 | 7 | COPY app.py ./ 8 | 9 | ENV FLASK_APP app.py 10 | 11 | CMD flask run --host=0.0.0.0 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /backend/app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import time 2 | import random 3 | 4 | from flask import Flask 5 | 6 | app = Flask(__name__) 7 | 8 | @app.route('/') 9 | def greet(): 10 | interval = time.time() + 1 11 | 12 | # Simulates some CPU load. 13 | while time.time() < interval: 14 | x = 435344 15 | x * x 16 | x = x + random.randint(-12314, 10010) 17 | 18 | return 'Hello from the backend. Backend computed %d' % x 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /diagram.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eulersson/ecsfs/15ca63af737878fa3f4aa080bb58c61a4ad75296/diagram.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docker-compose.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | version: "3" 2 | services: 3 | frontend: 4 | restart: always 5 | build: ./frontend 6 | networks: 7 | ecsfs: 8 | aliases: 9 | - ecsfs-frontend.local 10 | backend: 11 | restart: always 12 | build: ./backend 13 | networks: 14 | ecsfs: 15 | aliases: 16 | - ecsfs-backend.local 17 | nginx: 18 | restart: always 19 | build: ./nginx 20 | ports: 21 | - "80:80" 22 | networks: 23 | ecsfs: 24 | 25 | networks: 26 | ecsfs: 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /drawio_diagram.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /frontend/Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | FROM node:alpine 2 | 3 | WORKDIR /app 4 | 5 | COPY package.json package-lock.json ./ 6 | 7 | RUN npm install 8 | 9 | COPY server.js ./ 10 | 11 | CMD npm start 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /frontend/package-lock.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "name": "frontend", 3 | "version": "1.0.0", 4 | "lockfileVersion": 1, 5 | "requires": true, 6 | "dependencies": { 7 | "accepts": { 8 | "version": "1.3.5", 9 | "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/accepts/-/accepts-1.3.5.tgz", 10 | "integrity": "sha1-63d99gEXI6OxTopywIBcjoZ0a9I=", 11 | "requires": { 12 | "mime-types": "~2.1.18", 13 | "negotiator": "0.6.1" 14 | } 15 | }, 16 | "ajv": { 17 | "version": "6.6.2", 18 | "resolved": 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"request": "^2.88.0" 14 | } 15 | } 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /frontend/server.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | const express = require('express') 2 | const request = require('request') 3 | 4 | const app = express() 5 | const port = 3000 6 | 7 | app.get('/', (req, res) => { 8 | 9 | // The frontend greets with the following: 10 | const message = "Hello from the frontend..." 11 | 12 | // The backend should greet us with "Hello from the backend." 13 | request('http://ecsfs-backend.local:5000', (err, response, body) => { 14 | // We send both greetings together on a GET request to / 15 | res.send(message + " " + body); 16 | }) 17 | }) 18 | 19 | app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Fontend app listening on port ${port}.`)) 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /nginx/Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | FROM nginx:alpine 2 | 3 | COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /nginx/default.conf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | server { 2 | listen 80; 3 | location / { 4 | proxy_pass http://ecsfs-frontend.local:3000; 5 | } 6 | } 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /stack.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # == ecsfs ==================================================================== 2 | # Independently Scalable Multi-Container Microservices Architecture on Fargate 3 | # ============================================================================= 4 | # This CloudFormation stack shows how to deploy a full-stack application 5 | # consisting of a backend, a frontend and an nginx server. Each defined as an 6 | # independent Fargate service. The backend will auto-scale between 1 and 3. 7 | # 8 | # Two articles have been written explaining what this stack is for: 9 | # 10 | # - 11 | # - 12 | # 13 | # How to deploy this YAML template 14 | # -------------------------------- 15 | # 16 | # Either using command line (1) or from the web console (2). 17 | # 18 | # 1. From the command line. 19 | # First you will need to install and configure the AWS CLI. Read the docs: 20 | # 21 | # - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-install.html 22 | # - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-configure.html 23 | # 24 | # TL;DR Basically you will need to install it with pip: 25 | # 26 | # pip install awscli --upgrade --user 27 | # 28 | # And configure it (specify your default region too so you don't have to type 29 | # it on each subsequent command): 30 | # 31 | # aws configure 32 | # 33 | # To actually deploy the stack you have two choices (a) and (b)... 34 | # 35 | # a) If you have no hosted zones set up (associated with a Route 53 domain): 36 | # 37 | # aws cloudformation create-stack \ 38 | # --stack-name ecsfs \ 39 | # --template-body file://$(pwd)/stack.yaml \ 40 | # --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \ 41 | # --parameters ParameterKey=HostedZoneName,ParameterValue= 42 | # 43 | # b) If you have a hosted zone, you can pass it in an the application will 44 | # be available under the subdomain ecsfs., e.g. 45 | # ecsfs.example.com. Simply pass the parameter flag instead of leaving it 46 | # empty: 47 | # 48 | # --parameters ParameterKey=HostedZoneName,ParameterValue=foo.com. 49 | # (!) the final dot is needed ^ 50 | # 51 | # 2. From the CloudFormation section on your AWS web console. 52 | # - Click the "Create Stack" button. 53 | # - Click on "Choose File" and upload this stack.yaml file. 54 | # - Give the Stack a name: "ecsfs". 55 | # - In the parameters section, you will see "HostedZoneName". It is up to you 56 | # if you want to use one of your hosted zones (domains) for instance 57 | # 'foo.com.' so the application would then be configured to run on a 58 | # subdomain of it (ecsfs.foo.com). You can leave it empty. 59 | # - Click "Next". 60 | # - Click "Next" one more time. 61 | # - On the "Capabilities" section check the box "I acknowledge that..." 62 | # 63 | # Deleting all the resources that have been created 64 | # ------------------------------------------------- 65 | # Either from the web console or from CLI. To do it from the web console go to 66 | # the CloudFormation section and delete it there. The command line equivalent 67 | # is: 68 | # 69 | # aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name ecsfs 70 | # 71 | # PARAMETERS ================================================================== 72 | # Options the user can provide when deploying the stack that can be accessed 73 | # within the resource definitions. 74 | Parameters: 75 | HostedZoneName: 76 | Type: String 77 | Description: 78 | (Optional) If you have a domain available registered with Route 53 you 79 | can type it (e.g. 'foo.com.'; do not miss the final dot!). Then a DNS 80 | record gets created on subdomain ecsfs.foo.com which will route to the 81 | load balancer (the entry point of this application). 82 | 83 | # CONDITIONS ================================================================== 84 | # Allows to define boolean variables that we can use to conditionally build 85 | # some resources. You can set conditions for resource building by adding the 86 | # Conditions yaml property under the resource. 87 | Conditions: 88 | HasHostedZoneName: !Not [ !Equals [ !Ref HostedZoneName, '']] 89 | 90 | Resources: 91 | # VIRTUAL PRIVATE CLOUD (VPC) =============================================== 92 | # A VPC is simply a logically isolated chunk of the AWS Cloud. 93 | # 94 | # Our VPC has two public subnetworks since it's a requirement for an 95 | # Application Load Balancer. The nginx container will use them too. 96 | # 97 | # Then we will isolate backend and frontend to a private subnet so they can't 98 | # be reached directly from the Internet. 99 | # 100 | # You will the word CIDR in various places, it is used for subnet masking. 101 | # 102 | # CIDR blocks describe the Network ID and IP ranges to assign in our 103 | # I subnets. It basically tells what part of the address is reserved for 104 | # IPs and what part is for the network ID. 105 | # 106 | # E.g. 10.0.0.0/24 would mean that the first 3 octets (3 x 8 = 24) are 107 | # going to be exclusively defining the Network ID, which would result in 108 | # all the IPs that are given out would start with 10.0.0.x. 109 | # 110 | # This video explains it very well: 111 | # 112 | # - IPv4 Addressing: Network IDs and Subnet Masks 113 | # https://youtu.be/XQ3T14SIlV4 114 | # 115 | VPC: 116 | Type: AWS::EC2::VPC 117 | Properties: 118 | EnableDnsSupport: true 119 | EnableDnsHostnames: true 120 | CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16 121 | Tags: # You can give 122 | - Key: Name # pretty names to 123 | Value: ECSFS VPC # your resources. 124 | 125 | PublicSubnetOne: 126 | Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet 127 | Properties: 128 | # Select the first availability zone on our current region. 129 | AvailabilityZone: !Select # !Select chooses an item from a list. 130 | - 0 # First availability zone, since... 131 | - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref AWS::Region # ...a region has various zones (list). 132 | CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/24 133 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 134 | 135 | PublicSubnetTwo: 136 | Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet 137 | Properties: 138 | AvailabilityZone: !Select 139 | - 1 # Second availability zone under the same region. 140 | - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref AWS::Region 141 | CidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24 142 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 143 | 144 | PrivateSubnet: 145 | Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet 146 | Properties: 147 | AvailabilityZone: !Select 148 | - 0 149 | - Fn::GetAZs: !Ref AWS::Region 150 | CidrBlock: 10.0.2.0/24 151 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 152 | 153 | # NETWORK SETUP: ROUTING AND SUBNETTING ===================================== 154 | # Let's revisit the main elements that comform a subnet and how we are going 155 | # to use them in our application. 156 | # 157 | # - Internet Gateway: 158 | # 159 | # Allows communication between the containers and the internet. All the 160 | # outbound traffic goes through it. In AWS it must get attached to a VPC. 161 | # 162 | # All requests from a instances runnning on the public subnet must be 163 | # routed to the internet gateway. This is done by defining routes on 164 | # route tables. 165 | # 166 | # - Network Address Translation (NAT) Gateway: 167 | # 168 | # When an application is running on a private subnet it cannot talk to 169 | # the outside world. The NAT Gateway remaps the IP address of the packets 170 | # sent from the private instance assigning them a public IP so when the 171 | # service the instance wants to talk you replies, the NAT can receive the 172 | # information (since the NAT itself is public-facing and rechable from 173 | # the Internet) and hand it back to the private instance. 174 | # 175 | # An Elastic IP needs to be associated with each NAT Gateway we create. 176 | # 177 | # The reason why we traffic private tasks' traffic through a NAT is so 178 | # tasks can pull the images from Docker Hub whilst keeping protection 179 | # since connections cannot be initiated from the Internet, just outbound 180 | # traffic will be allowed through the NAT. 181 | # 182 | # - Routes and Route Tables: 183 | # 184 | # Route tables gather together a set of routes. A route describes where 185 | # do packets need to go based on rules. You can for instance send 186 | # any packets with destination address starting with 10.0.4.x to a NAT 187 | # while others with destination address 10.0.5.x to another NAT or 188 | # internet gateway (I cannot find a proper example, I apologize). You can 189 | # describe both in and outbound routes. 190 | # 191 | # The way we associate a route table with a subnet is by using "Subnet 192 | # Route Table Association" resources, pretty descriptive. 193 | # 194 | # Public routing ------------------------------------------------------------ 195 | InternetGateway: 196 | Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway 197 | 198 | GatewayAttachment: 199 | Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment 200 | Properties: 201 | InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway 202 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 203 | 204 | PublicRouteTable: 205 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 206 | Properties: 207 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 208 | 209 | PublicRoute: 210 | Type: AWS::EC2::Route 211 | Properties: 212 | RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable 213 | DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0 214 | GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway 215 | 216 | PublicSubnetOneRouteTableAssociation: 217 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 218 | Properties: 219 | RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable 220 | SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetOne 221 | 222 | PublicSubnetTwoRouteTableAssociation: 223 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 224 | Properties: 225 | RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable 226 | SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetTwo 227 | 228 | # Private routing ----------------------------------------------------------- 229 | NatElasticIP: 230 | Type: AWS::EC2::EIP 231 | 232 | NatGateway: 233 | Type: AWS::EC2::NatGateway 234 | Properties: 235 | AllocationId: !GetAtt NatElasticIP.AllocationId 236 | SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnetOne 237 | 238 | PrivateRouteTable: 239 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 240 | Properties: 241 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 242 | 243 | PrivateRoute: 244 | Type: AWS::EC2::Route 245 | Properties: 246 | RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable 247 | DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0 248 | NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGateway 249 | 250 | PrivateSubnetRouteTableAssociation: 251 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 252 | Properties: 253 | RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable 254 | SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet 255 | 256 | # SECURITY ================================================================== 257 | # A security group shared by all containers running on Fargate. Security 258 | # groups act as firewalls between inbound and outbound communications of the 259 | # instances we run. 260 | # 261 | # The stack has one security group with two ingress (inbound traffic) rules: 262 | # 263 | # 1. To allow traffic coming from the Application Load Balancer. 264 | # (PublicLoadBalancerSecurityGroup) 265 | # 266 | # 2. To allow traffic between running containers. 267 | # (FargateContainerSecurityGroup) 268 | # 269 | FargateContainerSecurityGroup: 270 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup 271 | Properties: 272 | GroupDescription: Access to Fargate containers. 273 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 274 | 275 | IngressFromPublicALBSecurityGroup: 276 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress 277 | Properties: 278 | Description: Ingress from the public Application Load Balancer. 279 | GroupId: !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 280 | IpProtocol: -1 # Means all protocols (TCD, UDP or any ICMP/ICMPv6 number). 281 | SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref PublicLoadBalancerSecurityGroup 282 | 283 | IngressFromSelfSecurityGroup: 284 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress 285 | Properties: 286 | Description: Ingress from other containers in the same security group. 287 | GroupId: !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 288 | IpProtocol: -1 289 | SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 290 | 291 | PublicLoadBalancerSecurityGroup: 292 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup 293 | Properties: 294 | GroupDescription: Access to the public facing load balancer. 295 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 296 | SecurityGroupIngress: 297 | - CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 # Allows all IPs. Traffic from anywhere. 298 | IpProtocol: -1 299 | 300 | # LOAD BALANCER ============================================================= 301 | # The Application Load Balancer (ALB) is the single point of contact for 302 | # clients (users). Its duty is to relay the request to the right running task 303 | # (think of a task as an instance for now). 304 | # 305 | # In our case all requests on port 80 are forwarded to nginx task. 306 | # 307 | # To configure a load balancer we need to specify a listener and a target 308 | # group. The listener is described through rules, where you can specify 309 | # different targets to route to based on port or URL. The target group is the 310 | # set of resources that would receive the routed requests from the ALB. 311 | # 312 | # This target group will be managed by Fargate and every time a new instance 313 | # of nginx spins up then it will register it automatically on this group, so 314 | # we don't have to worry about adding instances to the target group at all. 315 | # 316 | # Read more: 317 | # 318 | # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/introduction.html 319 | # 320 | TargetGroup: 321 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup 322 | Properties: 323 | Name: ecsfs-target-group 324 | Port: 80 325 | Protocol: HTTP 326 | TargetType: ip 327 | VpcId: !Ref VPC 328 | 329 | ListenerHTTP: 330 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener 331 | Properties: 332 | DefaultActions: 333 | - TargetGroupArn: !Ref TargetGroup 334 | Type: forward 335 | LoadBalancerArn: !Ref LoadBalancer 336 | Port: 80 337 | Protocol: HTTP 338 | 339 | LoadBalancer: 340 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer 341 | Properties: 342 | Scheme: internet-facing 343 | SecurityGroups: 344 | - !Ref PublicLoadBalancerSecurityGroup 345 | Subnets: 346 | - !Ref PublicSubnetOne 347 | - !Ref PublicSubnetTwo 348 | 349 | # If a hosted zone got specified when running this stack, we create a 350 | # subdomain on that zone and route it to the load balancer. For instance, say 351 | # 'example.com.' is specified as HostedZoneName, then all the traffic going to 352 | # ecsfs.example.com would go to the load balancer. 353 | DNSRecord: 354 | Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet 355 | Condition: HasHostedZoneName 356 | Properties: 357 | HostedZoneName: !Ref HostedZoneName 358 | Name: !Join ['.', [ecsfs, !Ref HostedZoneName]] 359 | Type: A 360 | AliasTarget: 361 | DNSName: !GetAtt LoadBalancer.DNSName 362 | HostedZoneId: !GetAtt LoadBalancer.CanonicalHostedZoneID 363 | 364 | # ELASTIC CONTAINER SERVICE ================================================= 365 | # ECS is a container management system. It basically removes the headache of 366 | # having to setup and provision another management infrastructure such as 367 | # Kubernetes or similar. 368 | # 369 | # You define your application in ECS through **task definitions**, they act 370 | # as blueprints which describe what containers to use, ports to open, what 371 | # launch type to use (EC2 instances or Fargate), and what memory and CPU 372 | # requirements need to be met. 373 | # 374 | # Then a service is in charge of taking those tasks definitions to generate 375 | # and manage running processes from them in a **cluster**. Those running 376 | # processes instanciated by the service are called **tasks**. 377 | # 378 | # Key ideas: 379 | # * A cluster is a grouping of resources: services, task definitions, etc... 380 | # * On a _task definition_... 381 | # - You can describe one or more containers. 382 | # - Desired CPU and memory needed to run that process. 383 | # * A service takes a _task definition_ and instanciates it into running _tasks_. 384 | # * _Task definitions_ and _services_ are configured per-cluster. 385 | # * _Tasks_ run in a cluster. 386 | # * Auto-scaling is configured on the service-level. 387 | # 388 | # Learn more: 389 | # 390 | # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/Welcome.html 391 | # 392 | # Cluster ------------------------------------------------------------------- 393 | ECSCluster: 394 | Type: AWS::ECS::Cluster 395 | Properties: 396 | ClusterName: ecsfs-cluster 397 | 398 | # Logging ------------------------------------------------------------------- 399 | # Throws all logs from tasks within our cluster under the same group. There 400 | # is one log stream per task running. An aggregated result can be viewed from 401 | # the web console under the page for the service the task is part of. 402 | LogGroup: 403 | Type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup 404 | Properties: 405 | LogGroupName: ecsfs-logs 406 | 407 | # IAM Roles ----------------------------------------------------------------- 408 | # We need to allow Fargate to perform specific actions on our behalf. 409 | # 410 | # - ECS Task Execution Role: This role enables AWS Fargate to pull container 411 | # images from Amazon ECR and to forward logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. 412 | # 413 | # - ECS Auto Scaling Role: Role needed to perform the scaling operations on 414 | # our behalf, that is, to change the desired count state on the services. 415 | # 416 | # Read more: 417 | # 418 | # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/task-iam-roles.html 419 | # https://serverfault.com/questions/854413/confused-by-the-role-requirement-of-ecs 420 | # 421 | ExecutionRole: 422 | Type: AWS::IAM::Role 423 | Properties: 424 | RoleName: ecsfs-execution-role 425 | AssumeRolePolicyDocument: 426 | Statement: 427 | - Effect: Allow 428 | Principal: 429 | Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com 430 | Action: sts:AssumeRole 431 | ManagedPolicyArns: 432 | - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy 433 | 434 | AutoScalingRole: 435 | Type: AWS::IAM::Role 436 | Properties: 437 | RoleName: backend-auto-scaling-role 438 | AssumeRolePolicyDocument: 439 | Statement: 440 | - Effect: Allow 441 | Principal: 442 | Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com 443 | Action: sts:AssumeRole 444 | 445 | # Task Definitions ---------------------------------------------------------- 446 | BackendTaskDefinition: 447 | Type: AWS::ECS::TaskDefinition 448 | DependsOn: LogGroup 449 | Properties: 450 | Family: ecsfs-backend-td 451 | Cpu: 256 452 | Memory: 1024 453 | NetworkMode: awsvpc 454 | RequiresCompatibilities: 455 | - FARGATE 456 | ExecutionRoleArn: !Ref ExecutionRole 457 | ContainerDefinitions: 458 | - Name: ecsfs-backend-container 459 | Image: docwhite/ecsfs-backend 460 | PortMappings: 461 | - ContainerPort: 5000 462 | LogConfiguration: 463 | LogDriver: awslogs 464 | Options: 465 | awslogs-group: ecsfs-logs 466 | awslogs-region: !Ref AWS::Region 467 | awslogs-stream-prefix: backend 468 | 469 | FrontendTaskDefinition: 470 | Type: AWS::ECS::TaskDefinition 471 | DependsOn: LogGroup 472 | Properties: 473 | Family: ecsfs-frontend-td 474 | Cpu: 256 475 | Memory: 512 476 | NetworkMode: awsvpc 477 | RequiresCompatibilities: 478 | - FARGATE 479 | ExecutionRoleArn: !Ref ExecutionRole 480 | ContainerDefinitions: 481 | - Name: ecsfs-frontend-container 482 | Image: docwhite/ecsfs-frontend 483 | PortMappings: 484 | - ContainerPort: 3000 485 | LogConfiguration: 486 | LogDriver: awslogs 487 | Options: 488 | awslogs-group: ecsfs-logs 489 | awslogs-region: !Ref AWS::Region 490 | awslogs-stream-prefix: frontend 491 | 492 | NginxTaskDefinition: 493 | Type: AWS::ECS::TaskDefinition 494 | DependsOn: LogGroup 495 | Properties: 496 | Family: ecsfs-nginx-td 497 | Cpu: 256 498 | Memory: 512 499 | NetworkMode: awsvpc 500 | RequiresCompatibilities: 501 | - FARGATE 502 | ExecutionRoleArn: !Ref ExecutionRole 503 | ContainerDefinitions: 504 | - Name: ecsfs-nginx-container 505 | Image: docwhite/ecsfs-nginx 506 | PortMappings: 507 | - ContainerPort: 80 508 | LogConfiguration: 509 | LogDriver: awslogs 510 | Options: 511 | awslogs-group: ecsfs-logs 512 | awslogs-region: !Ref AWS::Region 513 | awslogs-stream-prefix: nginx 514 | 515 | # Service Discovery --------------------------------------------------------- 516 | # In our application, we want the backend to be reachable at 517 | # ecsfs-backend.local, the frontend at ecsfs-backend.local, etc... You can 518 | # see the names are suffixed with .local. In AWS we can create a 519 | # PrivateDnsService resource and add services to them, and that would produce 520 | # the aforementioned names, that is, .. 521 | # 522 | # By creating various DNS names under the same namespace, services that get 523 | # assigned those names can talk between them, i.e. the frontend talking to 524 | # a backend, or nginx talking to the frontend. 525 | # 526 | # The IPs for each service task are dynamic, they change, and sometimes more 527 | # than task might be running for the same service... so... how do we associate 528 | # the DNS name with the right task? Well we don't! Fargate does it all for us. 529 | # 530 | # There is a whole section on the documentation explaining it in detail: 531 | # 532 | # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/service-discovery.html 533 | # 534 | LocalNamespace: 535 | Type: AWS::ServiceDiscovery::PrivateDnsNamespace 536 | Properties: 537 | Vpc: !Ref VPC 538 | Name: local 539 | 540 | NginxLocalDiscoveryService: 541 | Type: AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service 542 | Properties: 543 | Name: ecsfs-nginx 544 | HealthCheckCustomConfig: 545 | FailureThreshold: 1 546 | DnsConfig: 547 | DnsRecords: 548 | - Type: A 549 | TTL: 60 550 | NamespaceId: !GetAtt LocalNamespace.Id 551 | 552 | BackendLocalDiscoveryService: 553 | Type: AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service 554 | Properties: 555 | Name: ecsfs-backend 556 | HealthCheckCustomConfig: 557 | FailureThreshold: 1 558 | DnsConfig: 559 | DnsRecords: 560 | - Type: A 561 | TTL: 60 562 | NamespaceId: !GetAtt LocalNamespace.Id 563 | 564 | FrontendLocalDiscoveryService: 565 | Type: AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service 566 | Properties: 567 | Name: ecsfs-frontend 568 | HealthCheckCustomConfig: 569 | FailureThreshold: 1 570 | DnsConfig: 571 | DnsRecords: 572 | - Type: A 573 | TTL: 60 574 | NamespaceId: !GetAtt LocalNamespace.Id 575 | 576 | # Services ------------------------------------------------------------------ 577 | BackendService: 578 | Type: AWS::ECS::Service 579 | Properties: 580 | ServiceName: ecsfs-backend-service 581 | Cluster: !Ref ECSCluster 582 | LaunchType: FARGATE 583 | DesiredCount: 1 584 | ServiceRegistries: # And that's how you associate ecsfs-backend.local! 585 | - RegistryArn: !GetAtt BackendLocalDiscoveryService.Arn 586 | NetworkConfiguration: 587 | AwsvpcConfiguration: 588 | AssignPublicIp: DISABLED 589 | SecurityGroups: 590 | - !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 591 | Subnets: 592 | - !Ref PrivateSubnet 593 | TaskDefinition: !Ref BackendTaskDefinition 594 | 595 | FrontendService: 596 | Type: AWS::ECS::Service 597 | Properties: # Associates it with the DNS name ecsfs-frontend.local. 598 | ServiceName: ecsfs-frontend-service 599 | Cluster: !Ref ECSCluster 600 | LaunchType: FARGATE 601 | DesiredCount: 1 602 | ServiceRegistries: 603 | - RegistryArn: !GetAtt FrontendLocalDiscoveryService.Arn 604 | NetworkConfiguration: 605 | AwsvpcConfiguration: 606 | AssignPublicIp: DISABLED 607 | SecurityGroups: 608 | - !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 609 | Subnets: 610 | - !Ref PrivateSubnet 611 | TaskDefinition: !Ref FrontendTaskDefinition 612 | 613 | # The application load balancer routes the requests to the nginx service, 614 | # therefore we need to wait for the ALB to finish before we can actually spin 615 | # up the nginx service. 616 | NginxService: 617 | Type: AWS::ECS::Service 618 | DependsOn: ListenerHTTP 619 | Properties: 620 | ServiceName: ecsfs-nginx-service 621 | Cluster: !Ref ECSCluster 622 | LaunchType: FARGATE 623 | DesiredCount: 1 624 | ServiceRegistries: # Associate it with ecsfs-nginx.local DNS name. 625 | - RegistryArn: !GetAtt NginxLocalDiscoveryService.Arn 626 | NetworkConfiguration: 627 | AwsvpcConfiguration: 628 | AssignPublicIp: ENABLED 629 | SecurityGroups: 630 | - !Ref FargateContainerSecurityGroup 631 | Subnets: 632 | - !Ref PublicSubnetOne 633 | - !Ref PublicSubnetTwo 634 | TaskDefinition: !Ref NginxTaskDefinition 635 | LoadBalancers: 636 | - ContainerName: ecsfs-nginx-container 637 | ContainerPort: 80 638 | TargetGroupArn: !Ref TargetGroup 639 | 640 | # AUTO-SCALING ------------------------------------------------------------- 641 | # We are just interested in scaling the backend. For scaling a service you 642 | # need to define a *Scalable Target*, which is where you specify *what* 643 | # service do you want to scale, and a *ScalingPolicy*, where you describe 644 | # *how* and *when* do you want to scale it. 645 | # 646 | # There's two modes when scaling a service, we use 'Target Tracking Scaling', 647 | # in which you specify a target value for a metric (say for instance 75% of 648 | # CPU usage) and then Fargate would spin more instances when the average of 649 | # all the tasks running that service exceed the threshold. 650 | # 651 | # In our case we will scale the backend between 1 and 3 instances and we will 652 | # specify a target CPU usage percentage of 50%. 653 | # 654 | # Usually each service task spits out metrics every 1 minute. You can see 655 | # these metrics on the CloudWatch page on the AWS web console. Use that for 656 | # inspecting how Fargate reacts to changes when you stress the application. 657 | # 658 | # Read more: 659 | # 660 | # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/service-autoscaling-targettracking.html 661 | # 662 | 663 | # Specifies a resource that Application Auto Scaling can scale. In our case 664 | # it's just the backend. 665 | AutoScalingTarget: 666 | Type: AWS::ApplicationAutoScaling::ScalableTarget 667 | Properties: 668 | MinCapacity: 1 669 | MaxCapacity: 3 670 | ResourceId: !Join ['/', [service, !Ref ECSCluster, !GetAtt BackendService.Name]] 671 | ScalableDimension: ecs:service:DesiredCount 672 | ServiceNamespace: ecs 673 | RoleARN: !GetAtt AutoScalingRole.Arn 674 | 675 | # Describes the rules for ECS to check and decide when it should scale up or 676 | # down a service. In our application we just scale the backend. 677 | AutoScalingPolicy: 678 | Type: AWS::ApplicationAutoScaling::ScalingPolicy 679 | Properties: 680 | PolicyName: BackendAutoScalingPolicy 681 | PolicyType: TargetTrackingScaling 682 | ScalingTargetId: !Ref AutoScalingTarget 683 | TargetTrackingScalingPolicyConfiguration: 684 | PredefinedMetricSpecification: 685 | PredefinedMetricType: ECSServiceAverageCPUUtilization 686 | ScaleInCooldown: 10 687 | ScaleOutCooldown: 10 688 | TargetValue: 50 689 | 690 | # STRESSING THE APPLICATION ================================================= 691 | # You can use the 'ab' unix command (Apache Benchmark) to send many requests 692 | # to you application load balancer and see how Fargate starts scaling up the 693 | # backend service. 694 | # 695 | # First go to the web console under the EC2 page and look for the Load 696 | # Balancers category. 697 | # 698 | # In there look for the DNS name. You can also click the *Outputs* tab from 699 | # the CloudFormation stack to see that URL. It should look like: 700 | # 701 | # http://ecsfs-loadb-1g27mx21p6h8d-1015414055.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com/ 702 | # 703 | # Then run the following command to stress the application. It will perform 704 | # 10,000 requests (1 per second) printing all the responses. 705 | # 706 | # ab -n 10000 -c 1 -v 3 http:/// 707 | # 708 | # I noticed that CloudWatch will wait until it has 3 consecutive measurements 709 | # (metric points) exceeding the target value specified (50%). It is then when 710 | # it then when it sets an alarm and Fargate reacts by adding extra running 711 | # tasks until the metrics stabilize. 712 | # 713 | # If then the CPU decreases and doesn't need many tasks running anymore it 714 | # would wait some minutes (around 15 metric points, that is, 15min) to start 715 | # scaling down. 716 | 717 | # OUTPUTS ===================================================================== 718 | # The entries defined as outputs will show in the stack page in the Amazon 719 | # web console under the CloudFormation section. We expose the load balancer DNS 720 | # name so you can copy-paste it on your browser to see the app running: 721 | # 722 | # http:// 723 | # 724 | Outputs: 725 | LoadBalancerDNSName: 726 | Description: Copy and paste this value into your browser to access the app. 727 | Value: !GetAtt LoadBalancer.DNSName 728 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------