├── .env
├── .gitignore
├── .prettierignore
├── LICENSE
├── Makefile
├── README.md
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── public
├── android-icon-144x144.png
├── android-icon-192x192.png
├── android-icon-36x36.png
├── android-icon-48x48.png
├── android-icon-72x72.png
├── android-icon-96x96.png
├── apple-icon-114x114.png
├── apple-icon-120x120.png
├── apple-icon-144x144.png
├── apple-icon-152x152.png
├── apple-icon-180x180.png
├── apple-icon-57x57.png
├── apple-icon-60x60.png
├── apple-icon-72x72.png
├── apple-icon-76x76.png
├── apple-icon-precomposed.png
├── apple-icon.png
├── browserconfig.xml
├── codebook-orange.png
├── codebook-yellow.png
├── favicon-16x16.png
├── favicon-32x32.png
├── favicon-96x96.png
├── favicon.ico
├── github.png
├── index.html
├── manifest.json
├── ms-icon-144x144.png
├── ms-icon-150x150.png
├── ms-icon-310x310.png
├── ms-icon-70x70.png
├── robots.txt
└── social-media-500x261.png
└── src
├── App.css
├── App.js
├── App.test.js
├── Book.css
├── Book.js
├── Book.test.js
├── BookAPI.js
├── BookContent.css
├── Code.css
├── Code.js
├── Code.test.js
├── book
├── 00-welcome.js
├── 01-html.js
├── 02-texts.js
├── 03-links.js
├── 04-css.js
├── 05-rules.js
├── 06-colors.js
├── 07-fonts.js
├── 08-align.js
├── 09-listas.js
├── 10-table.js
├── 11-containers.js
├── 12-dimensions.js
├── 13-borders.js
├── 14-outlines.js
├── 15-spacing.js
├── 16-display.js
├── 17-position.js
├── 18-forms.js
├── 19-buttons.js
└── 99-credits.js
├── code
└── placeholder.js
├── index.css
├── index.js
├── reset.css
├── serviceWorker.js
└── setupTests.js
/.env:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | REACT_APP_CONTRIBUTING_URL = https://github.com/fernandomachado90/codebook#contributing
2 | REACT_APP_FEEDBACK_URL = https://forms.gle/VrLg2xwcPCDKG5cg7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/ for more about ignoring files.
2 |
3 | # dependencies
4 | /node_modules
5 | /.pnp
6 | .pnp.js
7 | package-lock.json
8 |
9 | # testing
10 | /coverage
11 |
12 | # production
13 | /build
14 |
15 | # misc
16 | .DS_Store
17 | .env.local
18 | .env.development.local
19 | .env.test.local
20 | .env.production.local
21 |
22 | npm-debug.log*
23 | yarn-debug.log*
24 | yarn-error.log*
25 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.prettierignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | build
2 | public
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 |
513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 |
521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 |
540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 |
552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 |
554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 |
563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Makefile:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | .SILENT:
2 | .DEFAULT_GOAL := help
3 |
4 | .PHONY: help
5 | help:
6 | $(info available commands:)
7 | $(info -> setup installs dependencies)
8 | $(info -> format formats source code)
9 | $(info -> build builds deployable version)
10 | $(info -> test runs available tests)
11 | $(info -> run starts application locally)
12 | $(info -> publish publishes changes to GitHub Pages)
13 |
14 | .PHONY: setup
15 | setup:
16 | npm install
17 |
18 | .PHONY: format
19 | format:
20 | npm run format
21 |
22 | .PHONY: build
23 | build:
24 | npm run build
25 |
26 | .PHONY: test
27 | test:
28 | npm test
29 |
30 | .PHONY: run
31 | run:
32 | npm start
33 |
34 | .PHONY: publish
35 | publish:
36 | npm run deploy
37 |
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/README.md:
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1 | # codebook
2 |
3 | Open-source learning tool that allows to users to follow a **textbook** while practicing **HTML**, **CSS** and **JS** using a live code editor.
4 |
5 | ## Requisites
6 |
7 | - [Node](https://nodejs.org/en/)
8 |
9 | ## Commands
10 |
11 | In the project directory, you can run:
12 |
13 | ### `make setup`
14 |
15 | Installs dependencies modules.
16 |
17 | ### `make build`
18 |
19 | Builds deployable version of React app.
20 |
21 | ### `make format`
22 |
23 | Formats source code using [Prettier](https://www.npmjs.com/package/prettier).
24 |
25 | ### `make run`
26 |
27 | Runs the app in development mode on [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000).
28 |
29 | ### `make test`
30 |
31 | Launches the test runner in the interactive watch mode.
32 |
33 | ### `make publish`
34 |
35 | Publishes static page to GitHub Pages using [gh-pages](https://github.com/tschaub/gh-pages). Tutorial available [here](https://dev.to/yuribenjamin/how-to-deploy-react-app-in-github-pages-2a1f).
36 |
37 | ## Contributing
38 |
39 | There are many ways of contributing to this project, from minor typo fixes and code refactoring to adding whole new pages to the book!
40 |
41 | The book pages are imported from the [`src/book`](src/book/) directory, in alphabetic order. To get started and understand how your changes impact the book, try adding your name to the [credits page](src/book/99-credits.js).
42 |
43 | ## Credits
44 |
45 | - Powered by [CodePen Prefill Embeds](https://blog.codepen.io/documentation/prefill-embeds/)
46 | - Patterns by [Hero Patterns](http://www.heropatterns.com/)
47 | - Icons made by [prettycons](https://www.flaticon.com/authors/prettycons) from [Flaticon](https://www.flaticon.com)
48 | - Favicons by [Favicon Generator](https://www.favicon-generator.org/)
49 |
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/package.json:
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1 | {
2 | "name": "codebook",
3 | "homepage": "https://fernandomachado90.github.io/codebook",
4 | "version": "1.0.0",
5 | "private": true,
6 | "dependencies": {
7 | "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.12.0",
8 | "@testing-library/react": "^11.2.7",
9 | "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.1.9",
10 | "react": "^17.0.2",
11 | "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
12 | "react-router-dom": "^5.2.0",
13 | "react-scripts": "^4.0.3"
14 | },
15 | "scripts": {
16 | "format": "prettier --write --no-semi --trailing-comma es5 --print-width 120 .",
17 | "start": "react-scripts start",
18 | "build": "react-scripts build",
19 | "test": "react-scripts test",
20 | "eject": "react-scripts eject",
21 | "predeploy": "npm run build",
22 | "deploy": "gh-pages -d build"
23 | },
24 | "eslintConfig": {
25 | "extends": "react-app"
26 | },
27 | "browserslist": {
28 | "production": [
29 | ">0.2%",
30 | "not dead",
31 | "not op_mini all"
32 | ],
33 | "development": [
34 | "last 1 chrome version",
35 | "last 1 firefox version",
36 | "last 1 safari version"
37 | ]
38 | },
39 | "devDependencies": {
40 | "gh-pages": "^3.1.0",
41 | "prettier": "^2.1.2"
42 | }
43 | }
44 |
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1 |
2 | #ffffff
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/public/index.html:
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 | CodeBook
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 |
54 |
55 |
56 |
57 |
58 |
59 |
60 |
61 |
62 |
63 |
64 |
65 |
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/public/manifest.json:
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1 | {
2 | "name": "CodeBook",
3 | "icons": [
4 | {
5 | "src": "\/android-icon-36x36.png",
6 | "sizes": "36x36",
7 | "type": "image\/png",
8 | "density": "0.75"
9 | },
10 | {
11 | "src": "\/android-icon-48x48.png",
12 | "sizes": "48x48",
13 | "type": "image\/png",
14 | "density": "1.0"
15 | },
16 | {
17 | "src": "\/android-icon-72x72.png",
18 | "sizes": "72x72",
19 | "type": "image\/png",
20 | "density": "1.5"
21 | },
22 | {
23 | "src": "\/android-icon-96x96.png",
24 | "sizes": "96x96",
25 | "type": "image\/png",
26 | "density": "2.0"
27 | },
28 | {
29 | "src": "\/android-icon-144x144.png",
30 | "sizes": "144x144",
31 | "type": "image\/png",
32 | "density": "3.0"
33 | },
34 | {
35 | "src": "\/android-icon-192x192.png",
36 | "sizes": "192x192",
37 | "type": "image\/png",
38 | "density": "4.0"
39 | }
40 | ]
41 | }
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/public/robots.txt:
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1 | # https://www.robotstxt.org/robotstxt.html
2 | User-agent: *
3 | Disallow:
4 |
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/src/App.css:
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1 | @media only screen and (max-width: 992px) {
2 | .Box {
3 | width: 100%;
4 | height: calc(100% - 112px);
5 | }
6 | }
7 |
8 | @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) {
9 | .Box {
10 | height: 100%;
11 | }
12 | .Box.Single {
13 | width: 33%;
14 | }
15 | .Box.Double {
16 | width: 67%;
17 | }
18 | }
19 |
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/src/App.js:
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1 | import React from "react"
2 | import { HashRouter as Router, Switch, Route, useParams } from "react-router-dom"
3 | import "./App.css"
4 | import Book from "./Book"
5 | import Code from "./Code"
6 |
7 | function BookWithParams() {
8 | const { page } = useParams()
9 | return
10 | }
11 |
12 | function App() {
13 | return (
14 |
15 |
16 | } />
17 | } />
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | )
22 | }
23 |
24 | export default App
25 |
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/src/App.test.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | import React from "react"
2 | import { render } from "@testing-library/react"
3 | import App from "./App"
4 |
5 | jest.mock("./Book", () => ({ className }) =>
11 | Aqui você pode aprender os fundamentos básicos de HTML e CSS, tecnologias utilizadas para construir
12 | praticamente todas as coisas que você encontra na internet (como esse tutorial) e também criar as suas
13 | primeiras páginas web.
14 |
15 |
16 |
Teoria + Prática = Página
17 |
A plataforma é dividida em três janelas:
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 | 📚 material
24 | < >
25 |
26 |
35 | ⌨️ código
36 |
37 |
38 | 📰 resultado
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 | Navegando pelas páginas do material, você vai conhecendo os conceitos essenciais da web enquanto pode ir
46 | colocando o que aprendeu em prática na janela de código e acompanha o progresso da construção de sua página
47 | na janela de resultado.
48 |
49 |
50 |
51 | Se quiser salvar seu trabalho, clique no botão EDIT (canto superior direito) para acessar o CodePen. Crie
52 | sua conta e mantenha um portfólio de páginas web!
53 |
54 |
55 |
Colabore
56 |
Caso tenha interesse, você pode fazer parte desse projeto em diferentes frentes:
9 | HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) é a linguagem usada para definir a estrutura do conteúdo de uma página,
10 | declarando elementos como parágrafos, imagens, listas, links, tabelas, botões e outros.
11 |
12 |
13 |
Elementos
14 |
15 |
16 | Para definir os elementos que compõe uma página web, utilizamos tags: estruturas compostas por "palavras
17 | reservadas" que representam diferentes elementos.
18 |
19 |
20 | Tags são escritas seguindo a estrutura: abertura (<>), conteúdo e fechamento (</>)
21 |
22 | <elemento> conteúdo </elemento>
23 |
24 | O conteúdo de um página web é o conteúdo do elemento <body>
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
{`
29 | conteúdo
30 | `}
31 |
32 |
33 |
Parágrafo
34 |
35 | Os blocos de texto que você lê nesse guia estão dentro de elementos <p>
36 |
37 |
38 |
{`
Os blocos de texto que você lê nesse guia...
`}
39 |
40 |
41 |
Separador
42 |
43 | O elemento <hr/> renderiza um separador na página. Note que, diferente do parágrafo, esse elemento
44 | "fecha em si mesmo", pois não aceita nenhum conteúdo.
45 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
Comentário
50 |
51 | Quando queremos ocultar algum trecho de código, por ser algo relevante apenas pra quem desenvolve, usamos
52 | comentários para não renderizar os elementos demarcados. A notação para comentários em HTML é <!--{" "}
53 | conteúdo comentado-->
54 |
Além de paragráfos, podemos usar outros elementos para demarcar textos especiais.
9 |
10 |
Cabeçalho
11 |
12 | As tags <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5> e
13 | <h6> são usadas para representar títulos e subtítulos, sendo que o nível 1 é o mais alto e o 6 o mais
14 | baixo.
15 |
28 | Podemos destacar ou dar ênfase a blocos de texto usando negrito (<b> ou <strong>)
29 | ou itálico (<i> ou <em>). Combine tags e crie destaques.
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
{`
Combine tags e crie destaques.
`}
34 |
35 |
36 |
Linha
37 |
38 | O elemento <br/> é usado para pular linhas. Assim como o separador, esse elemento é "autosuficiente"
39 | já que não faz sentido uma quebra de linha possuir conteúdo.
40 |
É possível referenciar recursos disponíveis na internet, como links e imagens.
9 |
10 |
Links
11 |
12 | Para incluir um link para outra página da internet, usamos a tag <a href=""> ... </a>,
13 | onde href é um atributo que espera como valor o endereço de destino.
14 |
15 |
16 | Atributos são "palavras reservadas" escritas dentro das tags de abertura de elementos e que seguem o padrão{" "}
17 | atributo="valor"
18 |
19 |
20 | Caso queira abrir a página numa outra janela, adicione o atributo target="_blank"
21 |
22 |
23 |
{`
24 | clique
25 | aqui
26 | para fazer sua busca :)
27 |
`}
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 | clique{" "}
32 |
33 | aqui
34 | {" "}
35 | para fazer sua busca :)
36 |
37 |
38 |
Imagens
39 |
40 | Para adicionar imagens, usamos a tag <img/> acompanhada do atributo src="" com o endereço da
41 | imagem. O atributo alt="" define um texto alternativo para a imagem, tornando o conteúdo acessível por
42 | leitores de tela. Já o atributo title="" define a mensagem que aparece ao colocar o cursor do mouse sobre a
43 | imagem.
44 |
9 | CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) é a linguagem responsável por definir o estilo das páginas, descrevendo regras
10 | que definem a forma como elementos serão exibidos.
11 |
12 |
13 | Numa analogia com o corpo humano podemos dizer que, enquanto o HTML é o esqueleto que estrutura as partes do
14 | corpo, o CSS é a pele, os panos e os acessórios.
15 |
16 |
17 |
Propriedade
18 |
19 | A estrutura de declaração de estilos é propriedade: valor. Por exemplo, para definir a cor de um texto como
20 | vermelho, declaramos o estilo:
21 |
22 |
23 | color: red;
24 |
25 |
Essa declaração pode feita de duas formas: por elemento ou criando regras gerais.
26 |
27 |
elemento + style
28 |
29 |
30 | Ao adicionar o atributo style="" em qualquer elemento HTML, podemos definir estilos válidos somente para
31 | seu conteúdo.
32 |
9 | Criando um elemento <style> ou com um arquivo dedicado (aba CSS no editor ⌨️), podemos definir
10 | regras de estilos válidas para todos os elementos de nossa página.
11 |
12 |
13 |
Seletores
14 |
15 |
16 | Para definir regras gerais, precisamos utilizar seletores: marcações que referenciam os atributos id="" e{" "}
17 | class="" ou a própria tag do elemento.
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | A estrutura de cada regra é seletor{estilos...}
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 | Para selecionar elementos, basta escrever o nome da própria tag. Para selecionar um id, usamos # e
26 | para selecionar classe, usamos .
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 | Nomes de ids e classes devem ser escolhidos de acordo com a utilidade da regra. Enquanto id só pode aparecer uma
31 | vez por página, classes aparecem múltiplas vezes.
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
{`
46 |
47 |
pendente
48 |
premium
49 |
autorizado
50 |
pendente
51 |
autorizado
52 | `}
53 |
54 |
55 |
pendente
56 |
premium
57 |
autorizado
58 |
pendente
59 |
autorizado
60 |
61 |
Comentário
62 |
63 | Em CSS, é possível comentar trechos de código e ignorar definições de propriedades embrulhando o conteúdo
64 | desconsiderado na notação {"/*"}conteúdo comentado{"*/"}.
65 |
109 | Além das palavras reservadas, você pode usar cores customizadas usando códigos hexadecimais ou RGB.
110 | Use este seletor para encontrar o código da cor:
111 |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
46 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
47 | magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
48 | consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
49 |
9 | O HTML oferece dois tipos de lista: listas ordenadas (<ol>) ou desordenadas (<ul>), que
10 | devem ser usadas de acordo com o propósito da lista. Para cada item a ser incluído, é preciso incluir elementos{" "}
11 | list-item (<li>) como conteúdo de <ol> ou <ul>.
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
{`
Guacamole
16 |
17 |
1 abacate brasileiro médio (ou 4 avocados)
18 |
1 tomate grande sem sementes
19 |
1 cebola pequena
20 |
2 dentes de alho bem socados
21 |
1 maço de coentro
22 |
suco de 1 limão grande
23 |
sal, pimenta e azeite
24 |
25 |
26 |
Amasse o abacate com um garfo, acrescente o alho socado, o suco de limão, sal e azeite a gosto e misture como um purê.
27 |
Pique a cebola, o tomate e o coentro. Pique bem a pimenta.
28 |
Acrescente os ingredientes picados ao "purê" de abacate.
29 |
Sirva com chips, crackers, tacos, no burrito ou mesmo junto com arroz e feijão.
30 | `}
31 |
32 |
33 |
Guacamole
34 |
35 |
1 abacate brasileiro médio (ou 4 avocados)
36 |
1 tomate grande sem sementes
37 |
1 cebola pequena
38 |
2 dentes de alho bem socados
39 |
1 maço de coentro
40 |
suco de 1 limão grande
41 |
sal, pimenta e azeite
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 |
46 | Amasse o abacate com um garfo, acrescente o alho socado, o suco de limão, sal e azeite a gosto e misture como um
47 | purê.
48 |
49 |
Pique a cebola, o tomate e o coentro. Pique bem a pimenta.
50 |
Acrescente os ingredientes picados ao "purê" de abacate.
51 |
Sirva com chips, crackers, tacos, no burrito ou mesmo junto com arroz e feijão.
9 | Para certos conteúdos, como calendários semanais ou bancos de dados, pode ser interessante apresentar os dados em
10 | formato de tabela.
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 | O elemento <table> define a tabela. Dentro da tabela, para cada linha é criado um elemento{" "}
15 | table-row (<tr>), seguido de elementos table-data (<td>) para cada item da
16 | linha. Opcionalmente, usar elementos table-header (<th>) para definir itens títulos.
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
{`/* necessário para as bordas (mais sobre border à seguir) */
21 | table, th, td {
22 | border: 1px solid black;
23 | border-collapse: collapse;
24 | }
25 |
26 |
8 | Para organizar o código ou aplicar estilos uniformes em seções da página, podemos usar elementos "containers" de
9 | dois tipos: blocos (<div>) ou trechos (<span>)
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 | Enquanto os blocos ocupam a linha inteira, os trechos tem a dimensão definida pelo seu conteúdo, como o número de
14 | caracteres de um texto.
15 |
16 |
17 | Para visualizar os containers, podemos usar a propriedade background em seu estilo.
18 |
46 | Usando blocos (<div>), trechos (<span>) e estilos CSS, podemos construir praticamente
47 | qualquer coisa na web. No entanto, é considerado boa prática usar elementos que garantam a semântica da página,
48 | isto é, não apenas definam sua aparência, mas também indiquem seu propósito ou sentido. Por exemplo:
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 | Usar <strong> e <em> (ao invés de <b> e <i>) para indicar
54 | ênfase
55 |
9 | Elementos em bloco, como <div>, <img> e <table>, podem ter suas dimensões
10 | customizadas através das propriedades height (altura) e width (largura).{" "}
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 | height: _____px; (tamanho em pixels | porcentagem da página)
15 |
16 | width: _____%; (tamanho em pixels | porcentagem da página)
17 |
8 | Com a propriedade border (e suas variantes), podemos adicionar bordas internas aos elementos, isso
9 | é, bordas que se somam as larguras e alturas definidas nos elementos.
10 |
8 | Com a propriedade outline (e variantes), adicionamos contornos aos elementos. Diferente de bordas,
9 | contornos são decorações externas que não ocupam espaço.
10 |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
36 |
37 |
Lorem ipsum
`}
38 |
39 |
40 |
41 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
57 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
58 | magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
59 | consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
60 | Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
61 |
9 | Ao lado de largura, altura e bordas, as dimensões resultantes de elementos são definidas pelas propriedades{" "}
10 | margin (margem, a distância externa a borda) e padding (um preenchimento transparente interno a
11 | borda).
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 | margin: _____px (distância externa em pixels)
16 |
17 | padding: _____px (preenchimento interno em pixels)
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | Assim como bordas e contornos, o sufixo{" "}
22 |
23 | -lado
24 | {" "}
25 | pode ser adicionado para definir margens e preenchimentos específicos para cada lado.
26 |
63 | Para entender como margem, borda e preenchimento são usados para calcular as dimensões de elementos, as
64 | ilustrações de box model abaixo podem ajudar.
65 |
9 | Do lado CSS das coisas, blocos (<div>) e trechos (<span>) podem ser compreendidos (e
10 | também ter suas apresentações padrão alteradas) através da propriedade display.
11 |
19 | A propridade position permite especificar o método de posicionamento que desejamos usar: static{" "}
20 | (comportamento padrão), relative, absolute ou fixed.
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 | Ao usar métodos diferentes do padrão, é preciso utilizar as propriedades que definem coordenadas: top{" "}
25 | (cima), right (direita), bottom (baixo) e left (esquerda).
26 |
27 |
28 |
Static
29 |
30 | Até agora, vimos que elementos são posicionados em blocos (de cima-para-baixo) e em trechos (ocupando as linhas da
31 | esquerda-para-direita). Esse método de posicionamento é o static (padrão) e, aqui, as coordenadas não são
32 | consideradas.
33 |
62 | Com o posicionamento relative, podemos ajustar a posição do elemento em relação a sua posição original, de
63 | acordo com os pixels definidos em top, right, bottom e left. As posições dos elementos
64 | vizinhos não são afetadas pela mudança.
65 |
115 | No posicionamento absolute, podemos ajustar a posição do elemento com relação ao seu "elemento pai
116 | posicionado" (um elemento com posicionamento não-static). Caso esse elemento "referencial" não exista, as
117 | dimensões da própria tela são consideradas. Os elementos vizinhos tem suas posições reajustadas pela mudança.
118 |
179 | O posicionamento fixed permite ajustar a posição de um elemento com relação as dimensões da própria tela. É
180 | o mesmo comportamento de absolute quando não há "referencial" e os elementos vizinhos também tem suas
181 | posições reajustadas.
182 |
9 | Dentro de uma seção demarcada por <form>, podemos incluir elementos como campos de texto, caixas de
10 | seleção e botões que permitem interação com a página.
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 | <input type=" " />{" "}
15 |
16 | (campo de entrada, atributos variam de acordo com o type="")
17 |
18 |
19 | <label for=" " />{" "}
20 |
21 | (rótulo que se conecta ao campo input com id indicado em for="")
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
Textos
26 |
27 |
28 | Os tipos mais simples de <input> são text (texto puro), email (validação de emails),{" "}
29 | password (oculta senhas por segurança) e search (indicado para filtros).{" "}
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 | Para uso com rótulos, é preciso incluir um id="" correspondente ao <label for="">. Já o
34 | atributo name="" define o nome do campo a ser enviado pelo formulário.
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 | O atributo required pode ser usado para tornar um campo obrigatório.
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
{`
`}
60 |
61 |
75 |
76 |
Números
77 |
78 |
79 | Os tipos number (campo aberto) e range (barra de seleção) aceitam números. O atributo min=""{" "}
80 | define o valor mínimo válido, o max="" o valor máximo válido e o step="" define o passo no qual o
81 | seletor incrementa (e decrementa) valores.
82 |
83 |
84 |
85 |
{`
86 |
87 |
88 |
89 | `}
90 |
91 |
101 |
102 |
Seletores
103 |
104 |
105 | Os seletores radio (única escolha) e checkbox (múltipla escolha) permitem fazer uma seleção entre os
106 | diferentes value="" disponíveis.
107 |
108 |
109 | Enquanto cada opção precisa ter um id="" único correspondente ao <label for="">, o atributo{" "}
110 | name="" deve ser comum para identificar o mesmo "grupo de escolhas".
111 |
161 | O elemento <select> também permite uma única escolha entre <option value="">
162 |
163 |
164 |
165 |
{`
166 | `}
174 |
175 |
176 |
189 |
190 |
Especiais
191 |
192 |
193 | Há outros tipos de <input>, recomendados para situações específicas e sem garantia de compatibilidade
194 | com todo navegador. Podemos listar: color (seleção de cores), time (horário), date (data),{" "}
195 | datetime-local (data e hora) e file (upload de arquivos).
196 |
9 | Para interagir com os dados de um <form>, é preciso incluir botões no formulário.
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 | <input type=" "/>{" "}
14 |
15 | (button: não faz nada | reset: limpa dados | submit: envia formulário)
16 |
17 |
18 | <button>...</button>{" "}
19 | (envia formulário e aceita conteúdo customizável, como imagens)
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
107 |
108 |
109 |
{`...
110 |
111 |
112 |
113 |
114 | `}
115 |
116 |
117 |
118 | Por padrão, o botão simples type="button" não possui comportamento. Ao clicar no botão Oi!, o código
119 | Javascript alert("Olá!") é executado para exibir uma mensagem.
120 |
121 |
122 | O botão type="reset" limpa todos os dados do form onde está incluído.
123 |
124 |
125 | Já os botões type="submit" e o <button> tem o mesmo comportamento: enviar os dados dos campos
126 | para processamento no servidor. Experimente preencher o formulário e clicar nesses botões para visualizar seus
127 | dados na barra de endereços.
128 |
9 | Que bom que chegou até aqui! O que achou do material e da plataforma? Aprendeu algo novo? Tem alguma ideia de como
10 | podemos melhorar? Escreva seu{" "}
11 |
12 | feedback
13 |
14 | !
15 |
16 |
17 |
Próximos passos
18 |
19 |
20 | Com o que aprendeu até aqui, você já é capaz de criar suas primeiras páginas web. Essa é uma lista de links para
21 | seguir estudando HTML, CSS e outras tecnologias:
22 |
46 | Para continuar seu trabalho, clique no botão EDIT (canto superior direito) para acessar o CodePen. Crie sua
47 | conta e mantenha seu portfólio de páginas web!
48 |
49 |
50 |
Créditos
51 |
52 |
53 | Este guia de estudos foi originalmente desenvolvido entre 2018—2020, em mutirões de trabalho voluntário realizado
54 | por pessoas consultoras da{" "}
55 |
56 | ThoughtWorks Brasil
57 | {" "}
58 | envolvidas na construção da{" "}
59 |
60 | Aceleradora Inclusiva
61 |
62 | , um projeto de educação popular de tecnologia viabilizado por uma parceria entre ThoughtWorks Brasil e PUC-RS.
63 |
64 |
65 |
66 | Em 2021, o material didático foi disponibilizado no CodeBook, uma plataforma de ensino open-source{" "}
67 | e, desde então, se tornou aberto a contribuições da comunidade.
68 |
69 |
70 |
Essa é uma lista das pessoas que contribuíram até agora: