3 |
3 | 
11 | 
64 | print('Hello World!')，并按下`ctrl + s`保存文件
245 | 
141 |
142 | 
231 |
232 | ---
233 |
234 |
235 |
236 | ## 5. Python数据类型
237 |
238 | 🐍Python中有六大数据类型：
239 |
240 | 
281 |
282 | 
350 |
351 | 
6 | 
27 |
28 | > 这里我已经安装过这个包，所以出现了如上提醒。
29 | + **Pygame 的使用：**
30 |
31 | ```python
32 | # 使用Pygame的第一步是将Pygame库导入到Python程序中
33 | import pygame
34 | # 下一个步骤是导入Pygame中所有常量，已准备号可以在我们代码中访问它们
35 | from pygame.locals import *
36 | # 使用Pygame库前先对Pygame初始化
37 | pygame.init()
38 | ```
39 | *当执行后上面三条指令后，会出现下面终端中显示的结果：*
40 |
125 |
126 | ---
127 |
128 | [返回目录⬆](#快捷目录)
129 |
130 | ## 3. 绘制图形
131 | 我们可以使用`pygame.draw`来绘制众多不同的形状。
132 | + **绘制圆**
133 |
134 | *要绘制圆，我们使用`pygame.draw.circle(screen, color, position, radius, width)`，传递的参数为圆的大小、颜色和位置：*
135 |
136 | ```python
137 | import pygame,sys
138 | from pygame.locals import *
139 |
140 | pygame.init()
141 | screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,500))
142 | pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Circles")
143 |
144 | while True:
145 | for event in pygame.event.get():
146 | if event.type in (QUIT,KEYDOWN):
147 | sys.exit()
148 |
149 | screen.fill((0,0,200))
150 |
151 | #draw a circle
152 | color = 255,255,0
153 | position = 300,250
154 | radius = 100
155 | width = 10
156 | pygame.draw.circle(screen,color,position,radius,width)
157 |
158 | pygame.display.update()
159 | ```
160 |
161 |
162 | + **绘制矩形**
163 |
164 | *要绘制矩形，我们使用`pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, pos, with)`函数，这里程序中，我们去实现移动矩形，在while循环外我没用`pos_x`和`pos_y`来记录矩形的位置，并创建一对速度变量`vel_x`和`vel_y`：*
165 |
166 | ```python
167 | import pygame
168 | from pygame.locals import *
169 |
170 | pygame.init()
171 | screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,500))
172 | pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Rectangles")
173 | pos_x = 300
174 | pos_y = 250
175 | vel_x = 0.2
176 | vel_y = 0.1
177 |
178 | while True:
179 | for event in pygame.event.get():
180 | if event.type == QUIT:
181 | exit()
182 |
183 | screen.fill((0,0,200))
184 |
185 | #move the rectangle
186 | pos_x += vel_x
187 | pos_y += vel_y
188 |
189 | #keep rectangle on the screen
190 | if pos_x > 500 or pos_x < 0:
191 | vel_x = -vel_x
192 | if pos_y > 400 or pos_y < 0:
193 | vel_y = -vel_y
194 |
195 | #draw the rectangle
196 | color = 255,255,0
197 | width = 0 #solid fill
198 | pos = pos_x,pos_y,100,100
199 | pygame.draw.rect(screen,color,pos,width)
200 |
201 | pygame.display.update()
202 | ```
203 | 
204 |
205 | + **绘制线条**
206 |
207 | *要绘制线条，我们使用`pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (start_x,start_y), (end_x,end_y), width)`函数：*
208 |
209 | ```python
210 | import pygame
211 | from pygame.locals import *
212 |
213 | pygame.init()
214 | screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,500))
215 | pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Lines")
216 |
217 | while True:
218 | for event in pygame.event.get():
219 | if event.type == QUIT:
220 | exit()
221 |
222 | screen.fill((0,80,0))
223 |
224 | #draw the line
225 | color = 100,255,200
226 | width = 8
227 | pygame.draw.line(screen,color,(100,100),(500,400),width)
228 |
229 | pygame.display.update()
230 | ```
231 |
232 |
233 | + **绘制弧形**
234 |
235 | *要绘制弧形，我们使用`pygame.draw.arc(screen,color,position,start_angle,end_angle,width)`函数，其中由于弧形是圆的一部分，所以我们得需要其他函数来表示额外的参数（比如角度）：*
236 |
237 | ```python
238 | import pygame
239 | from pygame.locals import *
240 | import math
241 |
242 | pygame.init()
243 | screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
244 | pygame.display.set_caption("Drawing Arcs")
245 |
246 | while True:
247 | for event in pygame.event.get():
248 | if event.type == QUIT:
249 | exit()
250 |
251 | screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
252 |
253 | #draw the arc
254 | color = 255,0,255
255 | position = 200,150,200,200
256 | start_angle = math.radians(0)
257 | end_angle = math.radians(180)
258 | width = 8
259 | pygame.draw.arc(screen,color,position,start_angle,end_angle,width)
260 |
261 | pygame.display.update()
262 | ```
263 |
264 |
265 | ---
266 |
267 | [返回目录⬆](#快捷目录)
268 |
269 | ## 4. 制作pie游戏
270 |
271 | ```python
272 | '''
273 | 制作pie游戏，对应四个按键——1，2，3，4
274 | 每当按下一个按键，对应pie区域会改变颜色
275 | 直到按键全部被按下，完成游戏
276 | '''
277 | import pygame
278 | from pygame.locals import *
279 | import math
280 |
281 | pygame.init()
282 | screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 500))
283 | pygame.display.set_caption("The Pie Game - Press 1,2,3,4")
284 | myfont = pygame.font.Font(None, 60)
285 |
286 | color = 200, 80, 60
287 | width = 4
288 | x = 300
289 | y = 250
290 | radius = 200
291 | position = x-radius, y-radius, radius*2, radius*2
292 |
293 | piece1 = False
294 | piece2 = False
295 | piece3 = False
296 | piece4 = False
297 |
298 | while True:
299 | for event in pygame.event.get():
300 | if event.type == QUIT:
301 | exit()
302 | elif event.type == KEYUP:
303 | if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
304 | exit()
305 | elif event.key == K_KP1:
306 | piece1 = True
307 | elif event.key == K_KP2:
308 | piece2 = True
309 | elif event.key == K_KP3:
310 | piece3 = True
311 | elif event.key == K_KP4:
312 | piece4 = True
313 |
314 | # 屏幕绘制
315 | screen.fill((0, 0, 200))
316 |
317 | # 绘制数字
318 | textImg1 = myfont.render('1', True, color)
319 | screen.blit(textImg1, (x+radius/2-20, y-radius/2))
320 | textImg2 = myfont.render('2', True, color)
321 | screen.blit(textImg2, (x-radius/2, y-radius/2))
322 | textImg3 = myfont.render('3', True, color)
323 | screen.blit(textImg3, (x-radius/2, y+radius/2-20))
324 | textImg4 = myfont.render('4', True, color)
325 | screen.blit(textImg4, (x+radius/2-20, y+radius/2-20))
326 |
327 | # 绘制 piece
328 | if piece1:
329 | start_angle = math.radians(0)
330 | end_angle = math.radians(90)
331 | pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
332 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y-radius), width)
333 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x+radius, y), width)
334 | if piece2:
335 | start_angle = math.radians(90)
336 | end_angle = math.radians(180)
337 | pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
338 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y-radius), width)
339 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x-radius, y), width)
340 | if piece3:
341 | start_angle = math.radians(180)
342 | end_angle = math.radians(270)
343 | pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
344 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x-radius, y), width)
345 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y+radius), width)
346 | if piece4:
347 | start_angle = math.radians(270)
348 | end_angle = math.radians(360)
349 | pygame.draw.arc(screen, color, position, start_angle, end_angle, width)
350 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x, y+radius), width)
351 | pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (x, y), (x+radius, y), width)
352 |
353 | # 完成按键任务
354 | if piece1 and piece2 and piece3 and piece4:
355 | color = 0, 255, 0
356 |
357 | pygame.display.update()
358 | ```
359 | 
360 |
361 | ---
362 |
363 | [返回目录⬆](#快捷目录)
364 |
365 | ---
366 |
367 | 
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