├── .github └── workflows │ └── cloudformation-validation.yml ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template.yml └── elb-to-target-group.png /.github/workflows/cloudformation-validation.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: CloudFormation Validation 2 | 3 | on: 4 | push: 5 | branches: [ "master" ] 6 | pull_request: 7 | branches: [ "master" ] 8 | 9 | workflow_dispatch: 10 | 11 | jobs: 12 | build: 13 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 14 | 15 | steps: 16 | - uses: actions/checkout@v4 17 | 18 | - name: CloudFormation Template Validation 19 | run: | 20 | pip install awscli 21 | aws cloudformation validate-template --template-body file://elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template.yml --region us-east-1 22 | env: 23 | AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }} 24 | AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }} 25 | - name: CloudFormation Linter 26 | run: | 27 | pip install cfn-lint 28 | cfn-lint -I elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template.yml 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # aws-elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template 2 | [![CloudFormation Validation](https://github.com/getcft/aws-elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template/actions/workflows/cloudformation-validation.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/getcft/aws-elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template/actions/workflows/cloudformation-validation.yml) 3 | 4 | ## Description: 5 | 6 | This AWS CloudFormation solution deploys an AWS VPC environment that has 2 public zones and 2 private zones with an EC2 Target Group that has one EC2 linux instance in it and a AWS ELB (ALB) load balancer routing traffic to it. 7 | 8 | The AWS CloudFormation template creates a AWS VPC with 2 public subnets and 2 private subnets with an EC2 Target Group that has one EC2 linux instance running Apache on port 80 in it and a public facing ELB (ALB) routing traffic on port 80 to the EC2 target group. 9 | 10 | ELB/ALB to EC2 Target Group 11 | 12 | AWS Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define. 13 | 14 | AWS Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, and Lambda functions. It can handle the varying load of your application traffic in a single Availability Zone or across multiple Availability Zones. 15 | 16 | Each AWS Target Group is used to route requests to one or more registered targets. When you create each listener rule, you specify a target group and conditions. When a rule condition is met, traffic is forwarded to the corresponding target group. You can create different target groups for different types of requests. 17 | 18 | AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud 19 | 20 | AWS CloudFormation provides a common language for you to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in your cloud environment. 21 | 22 | 23 | ## AWS Resource Costs 24 | 25 | As with most AWS services you will incur costs for usage. For this CloudFormation template the resources that incur costs are as follows. 26 | 27 | * Pricing: 28 | 29 | * ELB Pricing resource used in example: *1 Application Load Balancer* 30 | * EC2 pricing resource used in example: *1 t2.nano* 31 | 32 | ## Prerequisites 33 | 34 | * Amazon Web Services Account 35 | * IAM user with the following permissions: 36 | * AWSCloudFormationReadOnlyAccess 37 | * AmazonVPCFullAccess 38 | * AmazonEC2FullAccess 39 | * An EC2 Key Pair in the region you are deploying 40 | * This example works without modification in the following regions: us-west-1, us-west-2, us-east-1, us-east-2 41 | 42 | ## CloudFormation Template 43 | 44 | * The CloudFormation Template is available on GitHub: 45 | * aws-elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template 46 | 47 | ## Deploy the CloudFormation Template 48 | 49 | * AWS Management Console 50 | 51 | * Login to *AWS Management Console* 52 | * Launch under *CloudFormation* your *elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template.yml* (included in this repo) 53 | 54 | * CloudFormation Fields: 55 | 56 | * *Stack name* (Enter a name to associate to your AWS ELB / Target Group deployment) 57 | * SSHKeyName (EC2 Key Pair used for EC2 Instance) *Next* 58 | * Continue choosing *Next* and then *Create* (it may take several mintues to create resources) 59 | 60 | ## Results of the CloudFormation Template 61 | 62 | In the *AWS Management Console* you should be able to *verify* the following have been created. 63 | 64 | * Resources Created: 65 | * 1 Public Subnet 10.0.10.0/24 (in Zone A, with 254 usable IP's) 66 | * 1 Private Subnet 10.0.20.0/24 (in Zone A, with 254 usable IP's) 67 | * 1 Public Subnet 10.0.30.0/24 (in Zone B, with 254 usable IP's) 68 | * 1 Private Subnet 10.0.40.0/24 (in Zone B, with 254 usable IP's) 69 | * 5 Route table entries to route traffic either within 10.0.0.0/16 or to the Internet Gateway for outbound 70 | * 1 Internet Gateway (for all outbound traffic) 71 | * 1 ELB Security Group with Port 80 open to everyone 72 | * 1 EC2 Security Group with Port 22 open to everyone and Port 80 open to the Load Balancer 73 | * 1 ELB Application Load Balancer 74 | * 1 EC2 t2.nano linux instance running Apache 75 | * 1 EC2 Target Group 76 | 77 | You can find in the CloudFormation Outputs section the "ALBHostName" copy the hostname from the "Value" column and paste it into a browser you should see the word "Healthy" return. 78 | 79 | ## Best Practices 80 | 81 | * You would normally put your EC2 instance or instances in a private subnet but to save costs for this example we didn't provision a NAT Gateway but needed to install Apache so we elected to put it in a public subnet. 82 | * For traffic that does not need to be reachable from outside your VPC private network space you can provision ELB to be internal versus this example where ELB is public internet facing. 83 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Copyright [2024] [Phil Chen] 2 | 3 | # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | # You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | 7 | # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | 9 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | # limitations under the License. 14 | 15 | AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 16 | Description: Creates a VPC and a ELB with a EC2 Target Group Associated 17 | 18 | Parameters: 19 | 20 | SSHKeyName: 21 | Description: 'Name of the ec2 key you need one to use this template' 22 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName' 23 | Default: 'choose-key' 24 | 25 | Mappings: 26 | 27 | RegionToAmazonAMI: 28 | us-east-1: 29 | HVM64: ami-09479453c5cde9639 30 | us-east-2: 31 | HVM64: ami-023c8dbf8268fb3ca 32 | us-west-1: 33 | HVM64: ami-06ff511fea5db2c99 34 | us-west-2: 35 | HVM64: ami-0bb5806b2e825a199 36 | 37 | NetworkToSubnet: 38 | "10.0.0.0": 39 | PubSubnetZoneA: "10.0.10.0/24" 40 | PrivSubnetZoneA: "10.0.20.0/24" 41 | PubSubnetZoneB: "10.0.30.0/24" 42 | PrivSubnetZoneB: "10.0.40.0/24" 43 | 44 | Resources: 45 | 46 | # VPC 47 | VPC: 48 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::VPC' 49 | Properties: 50 | CidrBlock: 51 | 'Fn::Join': [ '/', [ '10.0.0.0', '16' ] ] 52 | EnableDnsSupport: true 53 | EnableDnsHostnames: true 54 | InstanceTenancy: 'default' 55 | Tags: 56 | - Key: 'Name' 57 | Value: 58 | Ref: 'AWS::StackName' 59 | 60 | # Internet accessable subnet in the first availability zone 61 | PubSubnetZoneA: 62 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet' 63 | Properties: 64 | AvailabilityZone: 65 | Fn::Select: 66 | - '0' 67 | - Fn::GetAZs: 68 | Ref: 'AWS::Region' 69 | CidrBlock: 70 | Fn::FindInMap: 71 | - NetworkToSubnet 72 | - '10.0.0.0' 73 | - PubSubnetZoneA 74 | MapPublicIpOnLaunch: 'True' 75 | VpcId: 76 | Ref: 'VPC' 77 | Tags: 78 | - Key: 'Name' 79 | Value: 80 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Public', 'Zone A', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 81 | 82 | # Non-internet accessable subnet in the first availability zone 83 | PrivSubnetZoneA: 84 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet' 85 | Properties: 86 | AvailabilityZone: 87 | Fn::Select: 88 | - '0' 89 | - Fn::GetAZs: 90 | Ref: 'AWS::Region' 91 | CidrBlock: 92 | Fn::FindInMap: 93 | - NetworkToSubnet 94 | - '10.0.0.0' 95 | - PrivSubnetZoneA 96 | MapPublicIpOnLaunch: 'False' 97 | VpcId: 98 | Ref: 'VPC' 99 | Tags: 100 | - Key: 'Name' 101 | Value: 102 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Private', 'Zone A', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 103 | 104 | # Internet accessable subnet in the second availability zone 105 | PubSubnetZoneB: 106 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet' 107 | Properties: 108 | AvailabilityZone: 109 | Fn::Select: 110 | - '1' 111 | - Fn::GetAZs: 112 | Ref: 'AWS::Region' 113 | CidrBlock: 114 | Fn::FindInMap: 115 | - NetworkToSubnet 116 | - '10.0.0.0' 117 | - PubSubnetZoneB 118 | MapPublicIpOnLaunch: 'True' 119 | VpcId: 120 | Ref: 'VPC' 121 | Tags: 122 | - Key: 'Name' 123 | Value: 124 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Public', 'Zone B', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 125 | 126 | # Non-internet accessable subnet in the second availability zone 127 | PrivSubnetZoneB: 128 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::Subnet' 129 | Properties: 130 | AvailabilityZone: 131 | Fn::Select: 132 | - '1' 133 | - Fn::GetAZs: 134 | Ref: 'AWS::Region' 135 | CidrBlock: 136 | Fn::FindInMap: 137 | - NetworkToSubnet 138 | - '10.0.0.0' 139 | - PrivSubnetZoneB 140 | MapPublicIpOnLaunch: 'False' 141 | VpcId: 142 | Ref: 'VPC' 143 | Tags: 144 | - Key: 'Name' 145 | Value: 146 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Private', 'Zone B', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 147 | 148 | # Gateway to the internet 149 | InternetGateway: 150 | Type: 'AWS::EC2::InternetGateway' 151 | Properties: 152 | Tags: 153 | - Key: 'Name' 154 | Value: 155 | Ref: 'AWS::StackName' 156 | 157 | # Associate the gateway to the VPC 158 | GatewayAttachment: 159 | Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment 160 | Properties: 161 | InternetGatewayId: 162 | Ref: 'InternetGateway' 163 | VpcId: 164 | Ref: 'VPC' 165 | 166 | # Routing table for the public subnet in availability zone A 167 | RouteTablePubZoneA: 168 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 169 | Properties: 170 | VpcId: 171 | Ref: 'VPC' 172 | Tags: 173 | - Key: 'Name' 174 | Value: 175 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Public', 'Zone A', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 176 | 177 | # Routing table for the public subnet in availability zone B 178 | RouteTablePubZoneB: 179 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 180 | Properties: 181 | VpcId: 182 | Ref: 'VPC' 183 | Tags: 184 | - Key: 'Name' 185 | Value: 186 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Public', 'Zone B', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 187 | 188 | # Route traffic through the internet gateway 189 | RoutePubZoneA: 190 | Type: AWS::EC2::Route 191 | Properties: 192 | DestinationCidrBlock: '0.0.0.0/0' 193 | GatewayId: 194 | Ref: 'InternetGateway' 195 | RouteTableId: 196 | Ref: 'RouteTablePubZoneA' 197 | 198 | # Route traffic through the internet gateway 199 | RoutePubZoneB: 200 | Type: AWS::EC2::Route 201 | Properties: 202 | DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0 203 | GatewayId: 204 | Ref: 'InternetGateway' 205 | RouteTableId: 206 | Ref: 'RouteTablePubZoneB' 207 | 208 | # Associate public subnet to its routing table 209 | RouteAssociationPubSubnetZoneA: 210 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 211 | Properties: 212 | SubnetId: 213 | Ref: 'PubSubnetZoneA' 214 | RouteTableId: 215 | Ref: 'RouteTablePubZoneA' 216 | 217 | # Associate public subnet to its routing table 218 | RouteAssociationPubSubnetZoneB: 219 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 220 | Properties: 221 | SubnetId: 222 | Ref: 'PubSubnetZoneB' 223 | RouteTableId: 224 | Ref: 'RouteTablePubZoneB' 225 | 226 | # Routing table for the private subnet in availability zone A 227 | RouteTablePrivZoneA: 228 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 229 | Properties: 230 | VpcId: 231 | Ref: 'VPC' 232 | Tags: 233 | - Key: 'Name' 234 | Value: 235 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Private', 'Zone A', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 236 | 237 | # Routing table for the private subnet in availability zone B 238 | RouteTablePrivZoneB: 239 | Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable 240 | Properties: 241 | VpcId: 242 | Ref: 'VPC' 243 | Tags: 244 | - Key: 'Name' 245 | Value: 246 | 'Fn::Join': [ ':', [ 'Private', 'Zone B', !Ref 'AWS::StackName' ] ] 247 | 248 | # Associate the private subnet with its routing table 249 | RouteAssociationPrivSubnetZoneA: 250 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 251 | Properties: 252 | SubnetId: 253 | Ref: 'PrivSubnetZoneA' 254 | RouteTableId: 255 | Ref: 'RouteTablePrivZoneA' 256 | 257 | # Associate the private subnet with its routing table 258 | RouteAssociationPrivSubnetZoneB: 259 | Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation 260 | Properties: 261 | SubnetId: 262 | Ref: 'PrivSubnetZoneB' 263 | RouteTableId: 264 | Ref: 'RouteTablePrivZoneB' 265 | 266 | # EC2 Security Group Allowing Port 22 and 80 from anywhere 267 | EC2SecurityGroup: 268 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup 269 | Properties: 270 | GroupDescription: 'SSH and Port 80' 271 | VpcId: 272 | Ref: VPC 273 | SecurityGroupIngress: 274 | - IpProtocol: tcp 275 | FromPort: 22 276 | ToPort: 22 277 | CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 278 | - IpProtocol: tcp 279 | FromPort: 80 280 | ToPort: 80 281 | SourceSecurityGroupId: 282 | Ref: ELBSecurityGroup 283 | 284 | # ELB Security Group allowing Port 80 from anywhere 285 | ELBSecurityGroup: 286 | Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup 287 | Properties: 288 | GroupDescription: 'SSH and Port 80' 289 | VpcId: 290 | Ref: VPC 291 | SecurityGroupIngress: 292 | - IpProtocol: tcp 293 | FromPort: 80 294 | ToPort: 80 295 | CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 296 | 297 | # Linux Instance with Apache running on Port 80 298 | AmazonLinuxInstance: 299 | Type: AWS::EC2::Instance 300 | Properties: 301 | ImageId: 302 | Fn::FindInMap: 303 | - RegionToAmazonAMI 304 | - Ref: 'AWS::Region' 305 | - HVM64 306 | InstanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior: stop 307 | InstanceType: t2.nano 308 | KeyName: 309 | Ref: SSHKeyName 310 | Monitoring: 'true' 311 | NetworkInterfaces: 312 | - AssociatePublicIpAddress: 'true' 313 | DeviceIndex: '0' 314 | GroupSet: 315 | - !Ref EC2SecurityGroup 316 | SubnetId: 317 | Ref: PubSubnetZoneA 318 | Tenancy: default 319 | UserData: 320 | Fn::Base64: !Sub | 321 | #!/bin/bash -xe 322 | cd /tmp 323 | yum update -y 324 | yum install -y httpd24 325 | echo "Healthy" > /var/www/html/index.html 326 | service httpd start 327 | /opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal \ 328 | -e $? \ 329 | --stack ${AWS::StackName} \ 330 | --resource AmazonLinuxInstance \ 331 | --region ${AWS::Region} 332 | 333 | # Target Group 334 | EC2TargetGroup: 335 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::TargetGroup 336 | Properties: 337 | HealthCheckIntervalSeconds: 30 338 | HealthCheckProtocol: HTTP 339 | HealthCheckTimeoutSeconds: 15 340 | HealthyThresholdCount: 5 341 | Matcher: 342 | HttpCode: '200' 343 | Name: EC2TargetGroup 344 | Port: 80 345 | Protocol: HTTP 346 | TargetGroupAttributes: 347 | - Key: deregistration_delay.timeout_seconds 348 | Value: '20' 349 | Targets: 350 | - Id: 351 | Ref: AmazonLinuxInstance 352 | Port: 80 353 | UnhealthyThresholdCount: 3 354 | VpcId: 355 | Ref: 'VPC' 356 | Tags: 357 | - Key: Name 358 | Value: EC2TargetGroup 359 | - Key: Port 360 | Value: 80 361 | 362 | #ELB (ALB) 363 | ALBListener: 364 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Listener 365 | Properties: 366 | DefaultActions: 367 | - Type: forward 368 | TargetGroupArn: 369 | Ref: EC2TargetGroup 370 | LoadBalancerArn: 371 | Ref: ApplicationLoadBalancer 372 | Port: 80 373 | Protocol: HTTP 374 | ApplicationLoadBalancer: 375 | Type: AWS::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::LoadBalancer 376 | Properties: 377 | Scheme: internet-facing # or internal 378 | Subnets: 379 | - Ref: PubSubnetZoneA 380 | - Ref: PubSubnetZoneB 381 | SecurityGroups: 382 | - Ref: ELBSecurityGroup 383 | 384 | Outputs: 385 | 386 | VPC: 387 | Description: 'Virtual Private Cloud' 388 | Value: 389 | Ref: 'VPC' 390 | ALBHostName: 391 | Description: 'Application Load Balancer Hostname' 392 | Value: 393 | !GetAtt ApplicationLoadBalancer.DNSName 394 | EC2Instance: 395 | Description: 'EC2 Instance' 396 | Value: 397 | Ref: AmazonLinuxInstance 398 | EC2TargetGroup: 399 | Description: 'EC2 Target Group' 400 | Value: 401 | Ref: EC2TargetGroup 402 | ApplicationLoadBalancer: 403 | Description: 'Application Load Balancer' 404 | Value: 405 | Ref: ApplicationLoadBalancer 406 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /elb-to-target-group.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/getcft/aws-elb-to-ec2-target-group-cf-template/8107b42e3eea3a41dc5aeac9117ac823e79aaa99/elb-to-target-group.png --------------------------------------------------------------------------------