├── .clang-format ├── .gitignore ├── CONTRIBUTING.md ├── LICENSE ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── sor ├── sor.1 ├── walk.1 └── walk.c /.clang-format: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Copyright 2019 Google LLC 2 | # 3 | # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | # You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | # 7 | # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | # 9 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | # limitations under the License. 14 | 15 | IndentWidth: 8 16 | ContinuationIndentWidth: 8 17 | SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2 18 | SpacesInContainerLiterals: false 19 | UseTab: Always 20 | 21 | BreakBeforeBraces: Custom 22 | BraceWrapping: 23 | AfterCaseLabel: false 24 | AfterClass: false 25 | AfterControlStatement: false 26 | AfterEnum: false 27 | AfterFunction: true 28 | AfterNamespace: false 29 | AfterObjCDeclaration: false 30 | AfterStruct: false 31 | AfterUnion: false 32 | AfterExternBlock: false 33 | BeforeCatch: false 34 | BeforeElse: false 35 | IndentBraces: false 36 | SplitEmptyFunction: false 37 | SplitEmptyRecord: false 38 | SplitEmptyNamespace: false 39 | 40 | AlignAfterOpenBracket: DontAlign 41 | AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign 42 | AlignOperands: false 43 | AlignTrailingComments: false 44 | AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Always 45 | AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true 46 | BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment 47 | BreakStringLiterals: false 48 | KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false 49 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Editor backup files 2 | *~ 3 | \#* 4 | .\#* 5 | .*.swp 6 | 7 | # Build artifacts 8 | walk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CONTRIBUTING.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | How to contribute 2 | ================= 3 | 4 | We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. 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Head over to to see 15 | your current agreements on file or to sign a new one. 16 | 17 | You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one 18 | (even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it 19 | again. 20 | 21 | 22 | Submitting code 23 | --------------- 24 | 25 | Submit patches either via a GitHub pull request or by sending mail to 26 | bbaren@google.com. 27 | 28 | 29 | Community Guidelines 30 | -------------------- 31 | 32 | This project follows 33 | [Google's Open Source Community Guidelines](https://opensource.google.com/conduct/). 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | Apache License 3 | Version 2.0, January 2004 4 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 5 | 6 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 7 | 8 | 1. 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The text should be enclosed in the appropriate 185 | comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a 186 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 187 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 188 | identification within third-party archives. 189 | 190 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 191 | 192 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 193 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 194 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 195 | 196 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 197 | 198 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 199 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 200 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 201 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 202 | limitations under the License. 203 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Copyright 2019 Google LLC 2 | # 3 | # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | # You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | # 7 | # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | # 9 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | # limitations under the License. 14 | 15 | CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 16 | 17 | .DEFAULT_GOAL := walk 18 | 19 | .PHONY: clean 20 | clean: 21 | $(RM) walk 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | `walk` and `sor` 2 | ================ 3 | 4 | This repository contains `walk` and `sor`, two utility programs that 5 | collectively replace [`find`][find]. `walk` recursively walks the directories 6 | specified on the command line (or the current directory, if none is specified), 7 | printing each file path. `sor` (“shell or”) reads file paths from standard 8 | input; for each path, it evaluates its arguments as Bash snippets, passing the 9 | path as an argument to each and printing the path if any snippet exits with 10 | status 0. For example, instead of saying 11 | 12 | find . -type f -name \*foo\* 13 | 14 | you can say 15 | 16 | walk | grep foo | sor 'test -f' 17 | 18 | If your filenames might contain newlines, you can say 19 | 20 | walk -0 | grep -z foo | sor -0 'test -f' 21 | 22 | [find]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/find.html 23 | 24 | 25 | Performance 26 | ----------- 27 | 28 | By avoiding syscalls, `walk` achieves substantially better performance than 29 | `find`. A microbenchmark – 30 | 31 | $ time find /usr >/dev/null 32 | 33 | real 0m3.542s 34 | user 0m0.880s 35 | sys 0m2.646s 36 | $ time walk /usr >/dev/null 37 | 38 | real 0m2.311s 39 | user 0m0.370s 40 | sys 0m1.926s 41 | 42 | – shows `walk` executing nearly 40% faster on a local file system with a hot 43 | cache. Performance on network file systems should be even better. On the other 44 | hand, `find` implements its predicates in-process, making them orders of 45 | magnitude faster than `sor`: 46 | 47 | $ time find /usr -type f >/dev/null 48 | 49 | real 0m3.464s 50 | user 0m0.831s 51 | sys 0m2.615s 52 | $ time walk /usr | sor 'test -f' >/dev/null 53 | 54 | real 7m40.127s 55 | user 1m47.818s 56 | sys 2m48.595s 57 | 58 | 59 | History 60 | ------- 61 | 62 | `walk` and `sor` were originally written for [Plan 9 from Bell Labs][] by 63 | [Dan Cross][]. The [original source][] is available. 64 | 65 | [Dan Cross]: http://pub.gajendra.net/about 66 | [Plan 9 from Bell Labs]: https://web.archive.org/web/20170601064029/http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html 67 | [original source]: https://web.archive.org/web/http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/cross/ 68 | 69 | 70 | Disclaimer 71 | ---------- 72 | 73 | This is not an official Google product. 74 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sor: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | # Copyright 2019 Google LLC 3 | # 4 | # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 5 | # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 6 | # You may obtain a copy of the License at 7 | # 8 | # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 9 | # 10 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 11 | # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 12 | # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 13 | # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 14 | # limitations under the License. 15 | 16 | short_usage() { 17 | echo 'Usage: sor SNIPPET...' 18 | } 19 | 20 | help() { 21 | short_usage 22 | cat <&2 58 | exit 1 59 | fi 60 | eval set -- "$temp" 61 | unset temp 62 | null_terminate=false 63 | while true; do 64 | case "$1" in 65 | --help) 66 | help 67 | exit 0 68 | ;; 69 | -0|--null) 70 | shift 71 | null_terminate=true 72 | ;; 73 | --) 74 | shift 75 | break 76 | ;; 77 | *) 78 | echo >&2 'Internal error; please report.' 79 | exit 1 80 | ;; 81 | esac 82 | done 83 | 84 | while read_filename $null_terminate file; do 85 | for test in "$@"; do 86 | if eval "$test \"$file\""; then 87 | print_filename $null_terminate "$file" 88 | continue 2 89 | fi 90 | done 91 | done 92 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sor.1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .\" Copyright 2019 Google LLC 2 | .\" 3 | .\" Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | .\" you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | .\" You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | .\" 7 | .\" https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | .\" 9 | .\" Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | .\" distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | .\" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | .\" limitations under the License. 14 | .TH SOR 1 2019-09-16 15 | .SH NAME 16 | sor \- combine shell predicates with logical or 17 | .SH SYNOPSIS 18 | .B sor 19 | .RB [\| \-0 \] 20 | .IR SNIPPET ... 21 | .SH DESCRIPTION 22 | Read paths from standard input. For each path, evaluate each argument as a 23 | .BR bash (1) 24 | snippet with the path as the first argument. Print the path to standard output 25 | if any of the snippets exits with status 0. 26 | .SH OPTIONS 27 | .TP 28 | \fB\-0\fP, \fB\-\-null\fP 29 | Filenames are terminated using the null character \fB\\0\fP instead of 30 | newlines, for both input and output. 31 | Suitable for use with \fBwalk \-0\fP. 32 | .TP 33 | \fB\-\-help\fP 34 | Print a summary of the usage of \fBsor\fP and exit. 35 | .SH EXAMPLE 36 | .EX 37 | walk /etc | sor 'test -f' 38 | .EE 39 | .SH "SEE ALSO" 40 | .BR find (1), 41 | .BR walk (1) 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /walk.1: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .\" Copyright 2019 Google LLC 2 | .\" 3 | .\" Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | .\" you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | .\" You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | .\" 7 | .\" https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | .\" 9 | .\" Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | .\" distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | .\" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | .\" limitations under the License. 14 | .TH WALK 1 2019-09-16 15 | .SH NAME 16 | walk \- walk file system 17 | .SH SYNOPSIS 18 | .B walk 19 | .RB [\| \-0 \] 20 | .RI [\| DIRECTORY ...\] 21 | .SH DESCRIPTION 22 | Recursively list the specified 23 | .I DIRECTORY 24 | (or directories). Recursively list the current directory if no directory is 25 | specified. 26 | .SH OPTIONS 27 | .TP 28 | \fB\-0\fP, \fB\-\-null\fP 29 | Terminate output filenames using the null character \fB\\0\fP instead of newlines. 30 | Suitable for use with \fBsor \-0\fP. 31 | .TP 32 | \fB\-\-help\fP 33 | Print a summary of the usage of \fBwalk\fP and exit. 34 | .SH "EXIT STATUS" 35 | .BR walk 's 36 | exit status is a bitmask indicating errors that occurred. 37 | .TP 38 | 0x0 39 | No errors occurred. 40 | .TP 41 | 0x1 42 | General error (usually because 43 | .B walk 44 | could not traverse a directory due to insufficient permissions). 45 | .TP 46 | 0x2 47 | One of the arguments was not a directory. 48 | .SH NOTES 49 | .B walk 50 | does not traverse symlinks. 51 | .SH "SEE ALSO" 52 | .BR find (1), 53 | .BR sor (1) 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /walk.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Copyright 2019 Google LLC 2 | // 3 | // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 4 | // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 5 | // You may obtain a copy of the License at 6 | // 7 | // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 8 | // 9 | // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 10 | // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 11 | // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 12 | // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 13 | // limitations under the License. 14 | 15 | #include 16 | #include 17 | #include 18 | #include 19 | #include 20 | 21 | #include 22 | #include 23 | 24 | static const char SHORT_USAGE[] = "Usage: walk [OPTION...] [DIRECTORY...]\n"; 25 | 26 | static const char HELP[] = 27 | "Recursively walk the specified directories (or current directory, if none is\n" 28 | "specified.\n\n" 29 | " -0, --null separate filenames by a null character\n" 30 | " --help display this help and exit\n"; 31 | 32 | static const char ASK_FOR_HELP[] = "Try 'walk --help' for more information.\n"; 33 | 34 | static const char *const JUST_CURRENT_DIRECTORY[] = {".", NULL}; 35 | 36 | // Like readdir(3), but resets errno(3) before the call to make it easy to 37 | // check. 38 | static struct dirent *readdir2(DIR *const dirp) 39 | { 40 | errno = 0; 41 | return readdir(dirp); 42 | } 43 | 44 | // Like realloc(3), but exits the binary in an out-of-memory situation. 45 | static void *xrealloc(void *ptr, const size_t size) 46 | { 47 | if (!(ptr = realloc(ptr, size))) { 48 | perror("realloc"); 49 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 50 | } 51 | return ptr; 52 | } 53 | 54 | static void strcpy3(char *dest, const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s3) 55 | { 56 | stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(dest, s1), s2), s3); 57 | } 58 | 59 | static void put_filename(const char *filename, bool null_terminate) 60 | { 61 | if (null_terminate) { 62 | fputs(filename, stdout); 63 | fputc(0, stdout); 64 | } else { 65 | puts(filename); 66 | } 67 | } 68 | 69 | // Walks the directory named dirname, printing the names of all files it 70 | // contains (but not the name of the directory itself). Returns 2 if dirname is 71 | // not a directory and 1 if another error occurs. 72 | static int walk(const char dirname[], bool null_terminate) 73 | { 74 | DIR *const dir = opendir(dirname); 75 | if (!dir) { 76 | if (errno != ENOTDIR) { 77 | perror(dirname); 78 | return 1; 79 | } 80 | return 2; 81 | } 82 | int r = 0; 83 | char *filename = NULL; 84 | for (const struct dirent *f = readdir2(dir); f; f = readdir2(dir)) { 85 | if (strcmp(f->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(f->d_name, "..") == 0) 86 | continue; 87 | filename = xrealloc( 88 | filename, strlen(dirname) + 1 + strlen(f->d_name) + 1); 89 | strcpy3(filename, dirname, "/", f->d_name); 90 | // TODO(bbaren@google.com): Emulate Plan 9's cleanname(3). 91 | put_filename(filename, null_terminate); 92 | // Walk the file if we can successfully open it as a directory. 93 | // Don't worry about it if it's not one (walk(filename) == 2). 94 | if ((f->d_type == DT_DIR || f->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) 95 | && walk(filename, null_terminate) == 1) 96 | r = 1; 97 | } 98 | if (errno) { // from readdir 99 | perror(dirname); 100 | r = 1; 101 | } 102 | free(filename); 103 | if (closedir(dir)) { 104 | perror(dirname); 105 | r = 1; 106 | } 107 | return r; 108 | } 109 | 110 | int main(const int argc, char *const argv[]) 111 | { 112 | static const struct option long_options[] = { 113 | {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'}, 114 | {"null", no_argument, NULL, '0'}, 115 | {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}, 116 | }; 117 | bool null_terminate = false; 118 | while (true) { 119 | const int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "0", long_options, NULL); 120 | if (c == -1) break; 121 | switch (c) { 122 | case 'h': 123 | fputs(SHORT_USAGE, stdout); 124 | fputs(HELP, stdout); 125 | return 0; 126 | case '0': 127 | null_terminate = true; 128 | break; 129 | case '?': 130 | fputs(ASK_FOR_HELP, stderr); 131 | return 1; 132 | default: 133 | fputs("Internal error; please report.\n", stderr); 134 | return 1; 135 | } 136 | } 137 | 138 | int r = 0; 139 | const char *const *const dirs = argc == optind 140 | ? JUST_CURRENT_DIRECTORY 141 | : (const char *const *)argv + optind; 142 | for (int i = 0; dirs[i]; ++i) { 143 | put_filename(dirs[i], null_terminate); 144 | r |= walk(dirs[i], null_terminate); 145 | } 146 | return r; 147 | } 148 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------