├── requirements.txt ├── README.md ├── .gitignore ├── ldparser.py └── LICENSE /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | numpy 2 | pandas 3 | matplotlib -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Small tool to parse MoTec ld files. 2 | 3 | Primarily, this parser was written to parse telemetry information of ld files written by Assetto Corsa Competizione, see also the related project ['acctelemetry'](https://github.com/gotzl/acctelemetry). However, the parser should work with other ld files as well. 4 | It was tested with the sample ld files that come with a MoTec Mi2 Pro installation as well as with files written by ACC. 5 | 6 | The decoding of the ld file is solely based on reverse engineering the binary data. 7 | As of now, ldx files are not considered. 8 | 9 | ## Usage 10 | See the __main__ function on how to use the tool. 11 | 12 | As an example, the __main__ function reads all ld files in a given directory and creates some plots. 13 | Invoke with 14 | 15 | ```bash 16 | python ldparser.py /path/to/some/dir 17 | ``` 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Created by .ignore support plugin (hsz.mobi) 2 | ### Python template 3 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 4 | __pycache__/ 5 | *.py[cod] 6 | *$py.class 7 | 8 | # C extensions 9 | *.so 10 | 11 | # Distribution / packaging 12 | .Python 13 | build/ 14 | develop-eggs/ 15 | dist/ 16 | downloads/ 17 | eggs/ 18 | .eggs/ 19 | lib/ 20 | lib64/ 21 | parts/ 22 | sdist/ 23 | var/ 24 | wheels/ 25 | share/python-wheels/ 26 | *.egg-info/ 27 | .installed.cfg 28 | *.egg 29 | MANIFEST 30 | 31 | # PyInstaller 32 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 33 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 34 | *.manifest 35 | *.spec 36 | 37 | # Installer logs 38 | pip-log.txt 39 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 40 | 41 | # Unit test / coverage reports 42 | htmlcov/ 43 | .tox/ 44 | .nox/ 45 | .coverage 46 | .coverage.* 47 | .cache 48 | nosetests.xml 49 | coverage.xml 50 | *.cover 51 | *.py,cover 52 | .hypothesis/ 53 | .pytest_cache/ 54 | cover/ 55 | 56 | # Translations 57 | *.mo 58 | *.pot 59 | 60 | # Django stuff: 61 | *.log 62 | local_settings.py 63 | db.sqlite3 64 | db.sqlite3-journal 65 | 66 | # Flask stuff: 67 | instance/ 68 | .webassets-cache 69 | 70 | # Scrapy stuff: 71 | .scrapy 72 | 73 | # Sphinx documentation 74 | docs/_build/ 75 | 76 | # PyBuilder 77 | .pybuilder/ 78 | target/ 79 | 80 | # Jupyter Notebook 81 | .ipynb_checkpoints 82 | 83 | # IPython 84 | profile_default/ 85 | ipython_config.py 86 | 87 | # pyenv 88 | # For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is 89 | # intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in: 90 | # .python-version 91 | 92 | # pipenv 93 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 94 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 95 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 96 | # install all needed dependencies. 97 | #Pipfile.lock 98 | 99 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow 100 | __pypackages__/ 101 | 102 | # Celery stuff 103 | celerybeat-schedule 104 | celerybeat.pid 105 | 106 | # SageMath parsed files 107 | *.sage.py 108 | 109 | # Environments 110 | .env 111 | .venv 112 | env/ 113 | venv/ 114 | ENV/ 115 | env.bak/ 116 | venv.bak/ 117 | 118 | # Spyder project settings 119 | .spyderproject 120 | .spyproject 121 | 122 | # Rope project settings 123 | .ropeproject 124 | 125 | # mkdocs documentation 126 | /site 127 | 128 | # mypy 129 | .mypy_cache/ 130 | .dmypy.json 131 | dmypy.json 132 | 133 | # Pyre type checker 134 | .pyre/ 135 | 136 | # pytype static type analyzer 137 | .pytype/ 138 | 139 | # Cython debug symbols 140 | cython_debug/ 141 | 142 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ldparser.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ Parser for MoTec ld files 2 | 3 | Code created through reverse engineering the data format. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | import datetime 7 | import struct 8 | 9 | import numpy as np 10 | 11 | 12 | class ldData(object): 13 | """Container for parsed data of an ld file. 14 | 15 | Allows reading and writing. 16 | """ 17 | 18 | def __init__(self, head, channs): 19 | self.head = head 20 | self.channs = channs 21 | 22 | def __getitem__(self, item): 23 | if not isinstance(item, int): 24 | col = [n for n, x in enumerate(self.channs) if x.name == item] 25 | if len(col) != 1: 26 | raise Exception("Could get column", item, col) 27 | item = col[0] 28 | return self.channs[item] 29 | 30 | def __iter__(self): 31 | return iter([x.name for x in self.channs]) 32 | 33 | @classmethod 34 | def frompd(cls, df): 35 | # type: (pd.DataFrame) -> ldData 36 | """Create and ldData object from a pandas DataFrame. 37 | 38 | Example: 39 | import pandas as pd 40 | import numpy as np 41 | from ldparser import ldData 42 | 43 | # create test dataframe 44 | df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4),columns=list('ABCD')) 45 | print(df) 46 | # create an lddata object from the dataframe 47 | l = ldData.frompd(df) 48 | # write an .ld file 49 | l.write('/tmp/test.ld') 50 | 51 | # just to check, read back the file 52 | l = ldData.fromfile('/tmp/test.ld') 53 | # create pandas dataframe 54 | df = pd.DataFrame(data={c: l[c].data for c in l}) 55 | print(df) 56 | 57 | """ 58 | 59 | # for now, fix datatype and frequency 60 | freq, dtype = 10, np.float32 61 | 62 | # pointer to meta data of first channel 63 | meta_ptr = struct.calcsize(ldHead.fmt) + struct.calcsize(ldEvent.fmt) 64 | 65 | # list of columns to read - only accept numeric data 66 | cols = [c for c in df.columns if np.issubdtype(df[c].dtype, np.number)] 67 | 68 | # pointer to data of first channel 69 | chanheadsize = struct.calcsize(ldChan.fmt) 70 | data_ptr = meta_ptr + len(cols) * chanheadsize 71 | event_ptr = struct.calcsize(ldHead.fmt) 72 | event = ldEvent("testevent", "0", "testcomment", 0, None) 73 | 74 | # create a mocked header 75 | head = ldHead(meta_ptr, data_ptr, event_ptr, event, 76 | "testdriver", "testvehicleid", "testvenue", 77 | datetime.datetime.now(), 78 | "just a test") 79 | 80 | # create the channels, meta data and associated data 81 | channs, prev, next = [], 0, meta_ptr + chanheadsize 82 | for n, col in enumerate(cols): 83 | # create mocked channel header 84 | chan = ldChan(None, 85 | meta_ptr, prev, next if n < len(cols)-1 else 0, 86 | data_ptr, len(df[col]), 87 | dtype, freq, 0, 1, 1, 0, 88 | col, col, "m") 89 | 90 | # link data to the channel 91 | chan._data = df[col].to_numpy(dtype) 92 | 93 | # calculate pointers to the previous/next channel meta data 94 | prev = meta_ptr 95 | meta_ptr = next 96 | next += chanheadsize 97 | 98 | # increment data pointer for next channel 99 | data_ptr += chan._data.nbytes 100 | 101 | channs.append(chan) 102 | 103 | return cls(head, channs) 104 | 105 | @classmethod 106 | def fromfile(cls, f): 107 | # type: (str) -> ldData 108 | """Parse data of an ld file 109 | """ 110 | return cls(*read_ldfile(f)) 111 | 112 | def write(self, f): 113 | # type: (str) -> () 114 | """Write an ld file containing the current header information and channel data 115 | """ 116 | 117 | # convert the data using scale/shift etc before writing the data 118 | conv_data = lambda c: ((c.data / c.mul) - c.shift) * c.scale / pow(10., -c.dec) 119 | 120 | with open(f, 'wb') as f_: 121 | self.head.write(f_, len(self.channs)) 122 | f_.seek(self.channs[0].meta_ptr) 123 | list(map(lambda c: c[1].write(f_, c[0]), enumerate(self.channs))) 124 | list(map(lambda c: f_.write(conv_data(c).astype(c.dtype)), self.channs)) 125 | 126 | 127 | class ldEvent(object): 128 | fmt = '<64s64s1024sH' 129 | 130 | def __init__(self, name, session, comment, venue_ptr, venue): 131 | self.name, self.session, self.comment, self.venue_ptr, self.venue = \ 132 | name, session, comment, venue_ptr, venue 133 | 134 | @classmethod 135 | def fromfile(cls, f): 136 | # type: (file) -> ldEvent 137 | """Parses and stores the event information in an ld file 138 | """ 139 | name, session, comment, venue_ptr = struct.unpack( 140 | ldEvent.fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(ldEvent.fmt))) 141 | name, session, comment = map(decode_string, [name, session, comment]) 142 | 143 | venue = None 144 | if venue_ptr > 0: 145 | f.seek(venue_ptr) 146 | venue = ldVenue.fromfile(f) 147 | 148 | return cls(name, session, comment, venue_ptr, venue) 149 | 150 | def write(self, f): 151 | f.write(struct.pack(ldEvent.fmt, 152 | self.name.encode(), 153 | self.session.encode(), 154 | self.comment.encode(), 155 | self.venue_ptr)) 156 | 157 | if self.venue_ptr > 0: 158 | f.seek(self.venue_ptr) 159 | self.venue.write(f) 160 | 161 | def __str__(self): 162 | return "%s; venue: %s"%(self.name, self.venue) 163 | 164 | 165 | class ldVenue(object): 166 | fmt = '<64s1034xH' 167 | 168 | def __init__(self, name, vehicle_ptr, vehicle): 169 | self.name, self.vehicle_ptr, self.vehicle = name, vehicle_ptr, vehicle 170 | 171 | @classmethod 172 | def fromfile(cls, f): 173 | # type: (file) -> ldVenue 174 | """Parses and stores the venue information in an ld file 175 | """ 176 | name, vehicle_ptr = struct.unpack(ldVenue.fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(ldVenue.fmt))) 177 | 178 | vehicle = None 179 | if vehicle_ptr > 0: 180 | f.seek(vehicle_ptr) 181 | vehicle = ldVehicle.fromfile(f) 182 | return cls(decode_string(name), vehicle_ptr, vehicle) 183 | 184 | def write(self, f): 185 | f.write(struct.pack(ldVenue.fmt, self.name.encode(), self.vehicle_ptr)) 186 | 187 | if self.vehicle_ptr > 0: 188 | f.seek(self.vehicle_ptr) 189 | self.vehicle.write(f) 190 | 191 | def __str__(self): 192 | return "%s; vehicle: %s"%(self.name, self.vehicle) 193 | 194 | 195 | class ldVehicle(object): 196 | fmt = '<64s128xI32s32s' 197 | 198 | def __init__(self, id, weight, type, comment): 199 | self.id, self.weight, self.type, self.comment = id, weight, type, comment 200 | 201 | @classmethod 202 | def fromfile(cls, f): 203 | # type: (file) -> ldVehicle 204 | """Parses and stores the vehicle information in an ld file 205 | """ 206 | id, weight, type, comment = struct.unpack(ldVehicle.fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(ldVehicle.fmt))) 207 | id, type, comment = map(decode_string, [id, type, comment]) 208 | return cls(id, weight, type, comment) 209 | 210 | def write(self, f): 211 | f.write(struct.pack(ldVehicle.fmt, self.id.encode(), self.weight, self.type.encode(), self.comment.encode())) 212 | 213 | def __str__(self): 214 | return "%s (type: %s, weight: %i, %s)"%(self.id, self.type, self.weight, self.comment) 215 | 216 | 217 | class ldHead(object): 218 | fmt = '<' + ( 219 | "I4x" # ldmarker 220 | "II" # chann_meta_ptr chann_data_ptr 221 | "20x" # ?? 222 | "I" # event_ptr 223 | "24x" # ?? 224 | "HHH" # unknown static (?) numbers 225 | "I" # device serial 226 | "8s" # device type 227 | "H" # device version 228 | "H" # unknown static (?) number 229 | "I" # num_channs 230 | "4x" # ?? 231 | "16s" # date 232 | "16x" # ?? 233 | "16s" # time 234 | "16x" # ?? 235 | "64s" # driver 236 | "64s" # vehicleid 237 | "64x" # ?? 238 | "64s" # venue 239 | "64x" # ?? 240 | "1024x" # ?? 241 | "I" # enable "pro logging" (some magic number?) 242 | "66x" # ?? 243 | "64s" # short comment 244 | "126x" # ?? 245 | ) 246 | 247 | def __init__(self, meta_ptr, data_ptr, event_ptr, event, driver, vehicleid, venue, datetime, short_comment): 248 | self.meta_ptr, self.data_ptr, self.event_ptr, self.event, self.driver, self.vehicleid, \ 249 | self.venue, self.datetime, self.short_comment = meta_ptr, data_ptr, event_ptr, event, \ 250 | driver, vehicleid, venue, datetime, short_comment 251 | 252 | @classmethod 253 | def fromfile(cls, f): 254 | # type: (file) -> ldHead 255 | """Parses and stores the header information of an ld file 256 | """ 257 | (_, meta_ptr, data_ptr, event_ptr, 258 | _, _, _, 259 | _, _, _, _, n, 260 | date, time, 261 | driver, vehicleid, venue, 262 | _, short_comment) = struct.unpack(ldHead.fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(ldHead.fmt))) 263 | date, time, driver, vehicleid, venue, short_comment = \ 264 | map(decode_string, [date, time, driver, vehicleid, venue, short_comment]) 265 | 266 | try: 267 | # first, try to decode datatime with seconds 268 | _datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime( 269 | '%s %s'%(date, time), '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S') 270 | except ValueError: 271 | _datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime( 272 | '%s %s'%(date, time), '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M') 273 | 274 | event = None 275 | if event_ptr > 0: 276 | f.seek(event_ptr) 277 | event = ldEvent.fromfile(f) 278 | return cls(meta_ptr, data_ptr, event_ptr, event, driver, vehicleid, venue, _datetime, short_comment) 279 | 280 | def write(self, f, n): 281 | f.write(struct.pack(ldHead.fmt, 282 | 0x40, 283 | self.meta_ptr, self.data_ptr, self.event_ptr, 284 | 1, 0x4240, 0xf, 285 | 0x1f44, "ADL".encode(), 420, 0xadb0, n, 286 | self.datetime.date().strftime("%d/%m/%Y").encode(), 287 | self.datetime.time().strftime("%H:%M:%S").encode(), 288 | self.driver.encode(), self.vehicleid.encode(), self.venue.encode(), 289 | 0xc81a4, self.short_comment.encode() 290 | )) 291 | if self.event_ptr > 0: 292 | f.seek(self.event_ptr) 293 | self.event.write(f) 294 | 295 | def __str__(self): 296 | return 'driver: %s\n' \ 297 | 'vehicleid: %s\n' \ 298 | 'venue: %s\n' \ 299 | 'event: %s\n' \ 300 | 'session: %s\n' \ 301 | 'short_comment: %s'%( 302 | self.driver, self.vehicleid, self.venue, self.event.name, self.event.session, self.short_comment) 303 | 304 | 305 | class ldChan(object): 306 | """Channel (meta) data 307 | 308 | Parses and stores the channel meta data of a channel in a ld file. 309 | Needs the pointer to the channel meta block in the ld file. 310 | The actual data is read on demand using the 'data' property. 311 | """ 312 | 313 | fmt = '<' + ( 314 | "IIII" # prev_addr next_addr data_ptr n_data 315 | "H" # some counter? 316 | "HHH" # datatype datatype rec_freq 317 | "hhhh" # shift mul scale dec_places 318 | "32s" # name 319 | "8s" # short name 320 | "12s" # unit 321 | "40x" # ? (40 bytes for ACC, 32 bytes for acti) 322 | ) 323 | 324 | def __init__(self, _f, meta_ptr, prev_meta_ptr, next_meta_ptr, data_ptr, data_len, 325 | dtype, freq, shift, mul, scale, dec, 326 | name, short_name, unit): 327 | 328 | self._f = _f 329 | self.meta_ptr = meta_ptr 330 | self._data = None 331 | 332 | (self.prev_meta_ptr, self.next_meta_ptr, self.data_ptr, self.data_len, 333 | self.dtype, self.freq, 334 | self.shift, self.mul, self.scale, self.dec, 335 | self.name, self.short_name, self.unit) = prev_meta_ptr, next_meta_ptr, data_ptr, data_len,\ 336 | dtype, freq,\ 337 | shift, mul, scale, dec,\ 338 | name, short_name, unit 339 | 340 | @classmethod 341 | def fromfile(cls, _f, meta_ptr): 342 | # type: (str, int) -> ldChan 343 | """Parses and stores the header information of an ld channel in a ld file 344 | """ 345 | with open(_f, 'rb') as f: 346 | f.seek(meta_ptr) 347 | 348 | (prev_meta_ptr, next_meta_ptr, data_ptr, data_len, _, 349 | dtype_a, dtype, freq, shift, mul, scale, dec, 350 | name, short_name, unit) = struct.unpack(ldChan.fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(ldChan.fmt))) 351 | 352 | name, short_name, unit = map(decode_string, [name, short_name, unit]) 353 | 354 | def safe_get(lst, idx): 355 | if idx < 0 or idx >= len(lst): 356 | return None 357 | return lst[idx] 358 | 359 | if dtype_a in [0x07]: 360 | dtype = safe_get([None, np.float16, None, np.float32], dtype - 1) 361 | elif dtype_a in [0, 0x03, 0x05]: 362 | dtype = safe_get([None, np.int16, None, np.int32], dtype - 1) 363 | else: 364 | dtype = None 365 | 366 | return cls(_f, meta_ptr, prev_meta_ptr, next_meta_ptr, data_ptr, data_len, 367 | dtype, freq, shift, mul, scale, dec,name, short_name, unit) 368 | 369 | def write(self, f, n): 370 | if self.dtype == np.float16 or self.dtype == np.float32: 371 | dtype_a = 0x07 372 | dtype = {np.float16: 2, np.float32: 4}[self.dtype] 373 | else: 374 | dtype_a = 0x05 if self.dtype == np.int32 else 0x03 375 | dtype = {np.int16: 2, np.int32: 4}[self.dtype] 376 | 377 | f.write(struct.pack(ldChan.fmt, 378 | self.prev_meta_ptr, self.next_meta_ptr, self.data_ptr, self.data_len, 379 | 0x2ee1+n, dtype_a, dtype, self.freq, self.shift, self.mul, self.scale, self.dec, 380 | self.name.encode(), self.short_name.encode(), self.unit.encode())) 381 | 382 | @property 383 | def data(self): 384 | # type: () -> np.array 385 | """ Read the data words of the channel 386 | """ 387 | if self.dtype is None: 388 | raise ValueError(f'Channel {self.name} has unknown data type') 389 | if self._data is None: 390 | # jump to data and read 391 | with open(self._f, 'rb') as f: 392 | f.seek(self.data_ptr) 393 | try: 394 | self._data = np.fromfile(f, 395 | count=self.data_len, dtype=self.dtype) 396 | 397 | self._data = (self._data/self.scale * pow(10., -self.dec) + self.shift) * self.mul 398 | 399 | if len(self._data) != self.data_len: 400 | raise ValueError("Not all data read!") 401 | 402 | except ValueError as v: 403 | print(v, self.name, self.freq, 404 | hex(self.data_ptr), hex(self.data_len), 405 | hex(len(self._data)),hex(f.tell())) 406 | # raise v 407 | return self._data 408 | 409 | def __str__(self): 410 | return 'chan %s (%s) [%s], %i Hz'%( 411 | self.name, 412 | self.short_name, self.unit, 413 | self.freq) 414 | 415 | 416 | def decode_string(bytes): 417 | # type: (bytes) -> str 418 | """decode the bytes and remove trailing zeros 419 | """ 420 | try: 421 | return bytes.decode('ascii').strip().rstrip('\0').strip() 422 | except Exception as e: 423 | print("Could not decode string: %s - %s"%(e, bytes)) 424 | return "" 425 | # raise e 426 | 427 | def read_channels(f_, meta_ptr): 428 | # type: (str, int) -> list 429 | """ Read channel data inside ld file 430 | 431 | Cycles through the channels inside an ld file, 432 | starting with the one where meta_ptr points to. 433 | Returns a list of ldchan objects. 434 | """ 435 | chans = [] 436 | while meta_ptr: 437 | chan_ = ldChan.fromfile(f_, meta_ptr) 438 | chans.append(chan_) 439 | meta_ptr = chan_.next_meta_ptr 440 | return chans 441 | 442 | 443 | def read_ldfile(f_): 444 | # type: (str) -> (ldHead, list) 445 | """ Read an ld file, return header and list of channels 446 | """ 447 | head_ = ldHead.fromfile(open(f_,'rb')) 448 | chans = read_channels(f_, head_.meta_ptr) 449 | return head_, chans 450 | 451 | 452 | if __name__ == '__main__': 453 | """ Small test of the parser. 454 | 455 | Decodes all ld files in the directory. For each file, creates 456 | a plot for data with the same sample frequency. 457 | """ 458 | 459 | import sys, os, glob 460 | from itertools import groupby 461 | import pandas as pd 462 | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 463 | 464 | if len(sys.argv)!=2: 465 | print("Usage: ldparser.py /some/path/") 466 | exit(1) 467 | 468 | for f in glob.glob('%s/*.ld'%sys.argv[1]): 469 | print(os.path.basename(f)) 470 | 471 | l = ldData.fromfile(f) 472 | print(l.head) 473 | print(list(map(str, l))) 474 | print() 475 | 476 | # create plots for all channels with the same frequency 477 | for f, g in groupby(l.channs, lambda x:x.freq): 478 | df = pd.DataFrame({i.name.lower(): i.data for i in g}) 479 | df.plot() 480 | plt.show() 481 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------