├── .gitignore ├── .idea ├── Python.iml ├── misc.xml ├── modules.xml ├── vcs.xml └── workspace.xml ├── .project ├── .pydevproject ├── .settings └── org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs ├── Collections集合模块.py ├── Flask框架 ├── Flask.py ├── MVC.py └── templates │ ├── form.html │ ├── home.html │ └── signin-ok.html ├── IO编程.py ├── ORM框架SQLAlchemy.py ├── Python基础 ├── DataTypeConvert.py ├── Dictionary.py ├── List.py ├── String.py ├── class.py ├── for.py ├── function.py ├── ifelse.py └── while.py ├── README.md ├── TCPIP.py ├── UDP.py ├── WSGI接口(原始).py ├── a.txt ├── b.txt ├── c.txt ├── dump.txt ├── test.db ├── 分布式进程.py ├── 多线程.py ├── 多进程.py ├── 实战-可怕的Python程序 ├── LICENSE │ └── README.txt ├── README.txt ├── backup │ └── README.txt ├── conf │ └── README.txt └── www │ ├── README.txt │ ├── static │ └── README.txt │ └── templates │ └── README.txt ├── 序列化.py ├── 数据库编程.py ├── 正则表达式.py ├── 错误_调试和测试.py └── 面向对象.py /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | 5 | # C extensions 6 | *.so 7 | 8 | # Distribution / packaging 9 | .Python 10 | env/ 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | lib/ 17 | lib64/ 18 | parts/ 19 | sdist/ 20 | var/ 21 | *.egg-info/ 22 | .installed.cfg 23 | *.egg 24 | 25 | # PyInstaller 26 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 27 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 28 | *.manifest 29 | *.spec 30 | 31 | # Installer logs 32 | pip-log.txt 33 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 34 | 35 | # Unit test / coverage reports 36 | htmlcov/ 37 | .tox/ 38 | .coverage 39 | .cache 40 | nosetests.xml 41 | coverage.xml 42 | 43 | # Translations 44 | *.mo 45 | *.pot 46 | 47 | # Django stuff: 48 | *.log 49 | 50 | # Sphinx documentation 51 | docs/_build/ 52 | 53 | # PyBuilder 54 | target/ 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/Python.iml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/misc.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/modules.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/vcs.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/workspace.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | true 91 | DEFINITION_ORDER 92 | 93 | 94 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 |

17 |

18 |

19 | ''' 20 | 21 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['POST']) 22 | def signin(): 23 | # 需要从request对象读取表单内容： 24 | if request.form['username']=='admin' and request.form['password']=='password': 25 | return '

Hello, admin!

' 26 | return '

Bad username or password.

' 27 | 28 | if __name__ == '__main__': 29 | app.run() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Flask框架/MVC.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | from flask import Flask, request, render_template 5 | 6 | app = Flask(__name__) 7 | 8 | @app.route('/', methods = ['GET', 'POST']) 9 | def home(): 10 | return render_template('home.html') 11 | 12 | @app.route('/signin', methods = ['GET']) 13 | def signin_form(): 14 | return render_template('form.html') 15 | 16 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['POST']) 17 | def signin(): 18 | # 需要从request对象读取表单内容： 19 | username = request.form['username'] 20 | password = request.form['password'] 21 | if username == 'admin' and password == 'password': 22 | return render_template('signin-ok.html', username = username) 23 | return render_template('form.html', message = '用户名或密码错误', username = username) 24 | 25 | 26 | if __name__ == '__main__': 27 | app.run() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Flask框架/templates/form.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/Flask框架/templates/form.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Flask框架/templates/home.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/Flask框架/templates/home.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Flask框架/templates/signin-ok.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/Flask框架/templates/signin-ok.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /IO编程.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | import logging 4 | 5 | # 打开文件 6 | try: 7 | f = open('a.txt', 'r') # 文件不存在，抛出IOError异常 8 | except IOError: 9 | print 'can not open file' 10 | else: 11 | try: 12 | print f.read() # 读文件失败，抛异常，需要在finally中关闭文件 13 | finally: 14 | print 'file.colse()' 15 | f.close() 16 | # with as 方法帮助调用 close 方法 17 | with open('b.txt', 'r') as ff: 18 | print ff.read() 19 | # read(size) 可以每次读size个字节 20 | # readline() 每次读取一行 21 | # readlines() 读取所有，按行返回一个list line.strip() 忽略末尾的 \n 22 | # 读取方式 rb 要读取非ASCII编码的文件，必须以二进制打开，在解码，如gbk文件 23 | with open('c.txt', 'rb') as fff: 24 | u = fff.read().decode('gbk') 25 | print u 26 | # 读文件是自动转码模块 codecs 27 | import codecs 28 | with codecs.open('c.txt', 'r', 'gbk') as ffff: 29 | print ffff.read() 30 | 31 | # 写文件 32 | # 区别在于 w wb 33 | 34 | # 操作文件和目录 os 模块 和 os.path 模块 35 | import os 36 | print os.name 37 | print os.environ # 返回dict 38 | print os.getenv('PATH') 39 | # 查看当前目录绝对路径 40 | p = os.path.abspath('.') 41 | print os.path.abspath('.') 42 | # 在某个路径下创建新目录 43 | absp = os.path.join(p, 'testdir') # 首先表示决定路径 创建路径 44 | print absp 45 | #os.mkdir(absp) # 然后创建出目录 如果存在 抛出异常 46 | # 删掉一个目录 47 | #os.rmdir(absp) 48 | 49 | # 拆分路径 50 | print os.path.split(absp) # 分为两部分，第二部分为最后级别及目录或文件名 51 | print os.path.splitext('G:\eclipse\Python\a.txt') # 获取文件扩展名 52 | 53 | # 重命名 54 | #os.rename('f.txt', 'a.txt') 55 | 56 | # 删除文件 57 | #os.remove('ee.txt') 58 | 59 | # 复制文件不在os模块 在 shutil 模块中 60 | import shutil 61 | shutil.copyfile('a.txt', 'm.txt') 62 | 63 | # 列出当前目录所有目录 64 | print [x for x in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isdir(x)] 65 | 66 | # 列出所有.py文件 67 | print [x for x in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(x) and os.path.splitext(x)[1] == '.py'] 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ORM框架SQLAlchemy.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 用于将数据库表结构用 对象表示出来 5 | 6 | # 导入 7 | from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine 8 | from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship 9 | from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base 10 | from sqlalchemy.sql.schema import ForeignKey 11 | 12 | # 创建对象的基类 13 | Base = declarative_base() 14 | 15 | # 定义User对象 16 | class User(Base): 17 | # 表的名字 18 | __tablename__ = 'user' 19 | 20 | # 表的结构 21 | id = Column(String(20), primary_key = True) 22 | name = Column(String(20)) 23 | 24 | # 初始化数据库连接 25 | # 字符串表示连接信息：数据库类型+数据库驱动名称://用户名:口令@机器地址:端口号/数据库名 26 | engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:wangh@localhost:3306/test') 27 | # 创建DBSession类型 28 | DBSession = sessionmaker(bind = engine) 29 | # 初始化完成 30 | 31 | # 添加记录 32 | # 创建session对象 33 | session = DBSession() 34 | # 创建User对象 35 | new_user = User(id = '5', name = 'Bob') 36 | # 添加到session 37 | session.add(new_user) 38 | # 提交及保存到数据库 39 | session.commit() 40 | # 关闭 41 | session.close() 42 | 43 | # 查询记录 44 | # 创建session 45 | session = DBSession() 46 | # 创建Query查询，filter是where条件，最后调用one 是返回为一行，all则返回所有行 47 | user = session.query(User).filter(User.id == '5').one() 48 | # 打印 49 | print 'type: ', type(user) 50 | print 'name: %s' % user.name 51 | session.close() 52 | 53 | # 如果一个User拥有多个Book，则可以对那个一一对多关系 54 | class User(Base): 55 | __tablename__ = 'user' 56 | 57 | id = Column(String(20), primary_key = True) 58 | name = Colum(String(2)) 59 | 60 | # 一对多 61 | books = relationship('Book') 62 | 63 | class Book(Base): 64 | __tablename__ = 'book' 65 | 66 | id = Column(String(20), primary_key = True) 67 | name = Column(String(20)) 68 | # ‘多’的一方book表是通过外键关联到user表 69 | user_id = Column(String(20)), ForeignKey('user.id') 70 | # 当我们查询一个User对象时，该对象的books属性将返回一个包含若干个Book对象的list，这会不会影响效率，因为我值查询User，可能并不关心Book 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/DataTypeConvert.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | a = int('123') # 转换为一个整数 3 | print(type(a)) 4 | 5 | b = float('123.456') 6 | print(type(b)) 7 | 8 | c = complex(2, 4) 9 | print(c) 10 | 11 | s = str(c) 12 | print(s) 13 | 14 | print(chr(65)) 15 | print(ord('A')) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/Dictionary.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # 定义 3 | dic = {} 4 | dic['name'] = 'wangh' 5 | dic['age'] = 33 6 | dic['famle'] = '男' 7 | print(dic) 8 | dic1 = { 9 | 'name': 'kongl', 10 | 'age': 30, 11 | 'famle': '女', 12 | 'otherdic': { 13 | 'host': '123', 14 | 'ip': '192.168.1.1' 15 | } 16 | } 17 | print(dic1) 18 | 19 | # 根据key获取对象 20 | print(dic['name']) # wangh 21 | print(dic1['otherdic']['ip']) # 192.168.1.1 22 | 23 | # 常用操作字典的函数 24 | print(len(dic1)) # 字典元素个数，即key总数 25 | print(str(dic1)) # 输出字典可打印的字符串标识 26 | print(type(dic)) # 27 | 28 | # 字典常用方法 29 | dic2 = dic 30 | print('dic2,', dic2) 31 | dic.clear() # 删除所有元素，所有引用都变为空 32 | print(len(dic)) 33 | print(dic2) 34 | 35 | dic3 = dic1.copy() # 返回字典的浅复制 36 | dic3['abc'] = 'aaa' 37 | print(dic3) 38 | print(dic1) 39 | 40 | l1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'] 41 | dic4 = {} 42 | dic4 = dic4.fromkeys(l1) # 创建一个新字典，以序列的元素做字典的键，val为字典元素的初始值 43 | print(dic4) 44 | 45 | print(dic3.get('abc')) # 返回指定键的值，如果键未找到，则返回default指定的值 46 | print(dic3.get('ab', 'dddd')) 47 | 48 | print(dic3.setdefault('ab', '123')) # 与get类似，但如果键不存在，则会添加到字典中，并设置为默认值 49 | print(dic3) 50 | 51 | print(dic3.items()) # 以列表形式返回可遍历的(键, 值)元祖列表 52 | 53 | print(dic3.keys()) # 以列表形式返回字典的所有键 54 | print(dic3.values()) # 以列表形式返回字典的所有值 55 | 56 | dic3.update(dic4) # 把dic2的键值对更新到字典中 57 | print(dic3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/List.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # 列表定义 3 | l1 = ['wangh', 'kongl', 'wanghjy'] 4 | l2 = ['zhangs', l1] 5 | 6 | # 索引 7 | print(l1[0]) # wangh 8 | print(l1[1]) # kongl 9 | print(l1[-1]) # wanghjy 10 | print(l1[-2]) # kongl 11 | print(l2[1][1]) # kongl 12 | 13 | # 子集 14 | print(l1[1:2]) # ['kongl'] 15 | print(l1[1:]) # ['kongl', 'wanghjy'] 16 | print(l1[1:-1]) # ['kongl'] 17 | print(l1[:-1]) # ['wangh', 'kongl'] 18 | 19 | # 常用操作列表函数 20 | print(len(l1)) # 3 21 | print(max(l1)) # wanghjy 22 | print(min(l1)) # kongl 23 | 24 | # 列表常用方法 25 | l1.append('zhangs') # 末尾添加元素 26 | print(l1) 27 | print(l1.count('wangh')) # 1 某个元素在列表中的个数 28 | l1.extend(['123', '234']) # 列表末尾添加另一个列表的元素 29 | print(l1) 30 | print(l1.index('123')) # 4 找出元素第一次出现的索引 31 | l1.insert(4, '555') # 在指定位置插入元素 32 | print(l1) 33 | obj = l1.pop(-2) # 移除并返回列表中的元素,默认为最后一个元素 34 | print(obj) # 123 35 | print(l1) 36 | l1.remove('555') # 移除第一次出现的指定元素 37 | print(l1) 38 | l1.reverse() # 翻转列表 39 | print(l1) 40 | l1.sort() # 对列表进行排序 41 | print(l1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/String.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # 字符串定义 3 | s1 = 'abcd' 4 | s2 = "abcd" 5 | s3 = 'a"b"cd' # 嵌套定义 6 | 7 | # 字符索引 8 | c1 = s1[0] # a 9 | c2 = s1[1] # b 10 | c3 = s1[-1] # d 11 | c4 = s1[-2] # c 12 | 13 | # 截取子串 14 | ss1 = s1[1:3] # bc 15 | ss2 = s1[1:] # bcd 16 | ss3 = s1[1:-1] # bc 17 | ss4 = s1[:-1] # abc 18 | 19 | # 常用方法 20 | s1 = " abc " 21 | print(s1.strip()) # 去除左右空白字符 22 | print(s1.lstrip()) # 去除左边空白字符 23 | print(s1.rstrip()) # 去除右边空白字符 24 | s2 = ',,,abc,,,' 25 | print(s2.strip(',')) # 去除左右指定字符 26 | print(s2.lstrip(',')) # 去除左边指定字符 27 | print(s2.rstrip(',')) # 去除右边指定字符 28 | l1 = ['first', 'second', 'three'] 29 | print(s1.join(l1)) # 在参数列表项之间插入本字符串，若只有1项，则不插入 30 | print(s1.find('b')) # 查找字符，返回第一次找到时的索引 31 | 32 | # 字符串比较 33 | print('a' < 'b') # True 34 | print('ab' > 'b') # False 35 | print('ab' > 'aa') # True 36 | print('aa' == 'aa') # True 37 | 38 | # 获取字符串长度 39 | print(len('abc')) # 3 40 | 41 | # 字符串转换 42 | s1 = 'aBcDeF hIjKlM' 43 | print(s1.upper()) # 转换为大写 44 | print(s1.lower()) # 转换为小写 45 | print(s1.swapcase()) # 大小写互转 46 | print(s1.capitalize()) # 首字母大写，其余字符转为小写 47 | 48 | # 字符串分割 49 | s1 = 'abc,def,ghi' 50 | print(s1.split(',')) # 按指定字符分割，返回列表 51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/class.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 定义： 2 | class Dog(): 3 | """类文档注释""" 4 | 5 | __age = 0 # 定义类私有属性，以两个下划线开头 6 | name = 'lisi' # 定义类公共属性 7 | 8 | def __init__(self, name, age): # 构造函数，只能有一个 9 | self.name = name; 10 | self.age = age; 11 | 12 | # 定义类公共方法 13 | def func(self): # 每一个类方法第一个参数都是self 代表类实例本身，方法调用时自动传递 14 | print(self.name) 15 | 16 | # 定义类私有方法，以两个下划线开头 17 | def __func2(self): 18 | print(self.age) 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | # 实例化： 23 | dog = Dog("w", 12); 24 | dog.name = "h"; # 怎么防止直接修改属性？ 25 | 26 | # 继承： 27 | class Car(): 28 | def __init__(self, name): 29 | self.name = name; 30 | 31 | 32 | class ECar(Car): 33 | def __init__(self, name): 34 | super.__init__(name); # 初始化父类 35 | 36 | 37 | #覆盖方法： 38 | # 子类定义父类同名函数 39 | 40 | # 动态属性需要继承object类 41 | class MyClass(object): 42 | def __init__(self): 43 | self.__param = None 44 | self.__param2 = None 45 | 46 | def getParam(self): 47 | print('getParam: %s' % self.__param) 48 | return self.__param 49 | 50 | def setParam(self, value): 51 | print('setParam: %s' % self.__param) 52 | self.__param = value 53 | 54 | def delParam(self): 55 | print('delParam: %s' % self.__param) 56 | del self.__param 57 | 58 | param = property(getParam, setParam, delParam) 59 | 60 | # 方法2：使用@property修饰 61 | 62 | @property # getter 63 | def param2(self): 64 | print('get param2: %s' % self.__param2) 65 | return self.__param2 66 | 67 | @param2.setter 68 | def param2(self, value): 69 | print('set param2: %s' % self.__param2) 70 | self.__param2 = value 71 | 72 | @param2.deleter 73 | def param2(self): 74 | print('del param2: %s' % self.__param2) 75 | del self.__param2 76 | 77 | if __name__ == '__main__': 78 | cls = MyClass() 79 | cls.param = 10 # setParam 80 | print('current cls.param: %s' % cls.param) # getParam 81 | del cls.param # delParam 82 | 83 | cls.param2 = 101 # setter 84 | print('current cls.param2: %s' % cls.param2) # getter 85 | del cls.param2 # deleter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/for.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | l1 = ['wangh', 'kongl', 'wangjy'] 3 | 4 | for name in l1: 5 | print(name) 6 | 7 | l2 = range(10) 8 | for i in l2: 9 | print(i) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/function.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | def f01(a, b, c): 3 | print('a, b, c', a, b, c) 4 | a2, b2, c2 = a + c, b * 2, c ** 2 5 | return a2, b2, c2 6 | 7 | x, y, z = f01(1, 2, 3) 8 | print('x, y, z', x, y, z) 9 | 10 | x, y, z = f01(x, y, z) 11 | print('x, y, z', x, y, z) 12 | 13 | import functools 14 | 15 | def add(a, b): 16 | return a + b 17 | 18 | # 生成新函数，添加的参数从左到右依次填充 19 | plus1 = functools.partial(add, 4) 20 | 21 | ret1 = plus1(6) # 10 22 | ret2 = plus1(7) # 11 23 | 24 | print(ret1) 25 | print(ret2) 26 | 27 | # lambda 28 | 29 | fun = lambda x, y : x * y 30 | print(fun(4, 5)) # 20 31 | 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/ifelse.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | x, y, z = 10, 5, 5 3 | if x > y: 4 | print('x > y') 5 | elif x < y: 6 | print('x < y') 7 | else: 8 | print('x = y') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Python基础/while.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | x = 10 3 | while x > 0: 4 | print(x) 5 | x -= 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python 2 | 3 | Python知识点归纳项目 4 | hello 测试下 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TCPIP.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | import socket 5 | import threading, time 6 | 7 | type = 'clident' 8 | if type == 'client': 9 | # 创建socket AF_INET IPV4 AF_INET6 IPV6 10 | address = ('127.0.0.1', 9999) 11 | s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 12 | # 建立连接: 13 | s.connect(address) 14 | # 接收欢迎消息: 15 | print s.recv(1024) 16 | for data in ['Michael', 'Tracy', 'Sarah']: 17 | # 发送数据: 18 | s.send(data) 19 | print s.recv(1024) 20 | s.send('exit') 21 | s.close() 22 | 23 | else: 24 | def tcplink(sock, addr): 25 | print 'Accept new connect from %s:%s...' % addr 26 | sock.send('Welcome') 27 | while True: 28 | data = sock.recv(1024) 29 | time.sleep(5) 30 | if data == 'exit' or not data: 31 | break 32 | sock.send('Hello %s' % data) 33 | sock.close() 34 | print 'Connection from %s:%s closed' % addr 35 | 36 | s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 37 | # 监听端口 38 | s.bind(('0.0.0.0', 9999)) 39 | s.listen(5) 40 | print 'waiting for connect...' 41 | while True: 42 | # 接收一个新连接 43 | sock, addr = s.accept() 44 | # 创建新线程处理 45 | t = threading.Thread(target = tcplink, args = (sock, addr)) 46 | t.start() 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UDP.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | import socket 5 | 6 | address = ('127.0.0.1', 9999) 7 | 8 | type = 'serdver' 9 | if type == 'server': 10 | s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 11 | s.bind(address) 12 | print 'Bind UDP on 9999...' 13 | while True: 14 | data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024) 15 | print 'Receive from %s:%s' % addr 16 | s.sendto('Hello %s' % data, addr) 17 | 18 | else: 19 | s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 20 | for data in ['wangh', 'kongl', 'yee']: 21 | s.sendto(data, address) 22 | print s.recv(1024) 23 | s.close() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /WSGI接口(原始).py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 实现必须的函数 5 | def application(environ, start_response): 6 | start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) 7 | return '

Hello,World

' 8 | 9 | # 导入WSGI模块 10 | from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server 11 | # 创建一个服务器 12 | httpd = make_server('', 8000, application) 13 | print 'Servint HTTP on Port 8000...' 14 | # 开启监听 15 | httpd.serve_forever() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /a.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 爱上的方式地方 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /b.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 大噶速度过dsfgd!@#$ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /c.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/c.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dump.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | (dp1 2 | S'age' 3 | p2 4 | I20 5 | sS'score' 6 | p3 7 | I80 8 | sS'name' 9 | p4 10 | S'Bob' 11 | p5 12 | s. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test.db: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/test.db -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /分布式进程.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | import multiprocessing 4 | 5 | # multiprocessing 的 子模块 managers 将网络通讯封装，可以静默升级 在同一台机器上的 多进程程序，如 只需要将 Queue 通过managers暴露在网上即可 6 | 7 | type = 'd' 8 | if type == 'server': 9 | # 服务器端，负责创建Queue，发布到网络，并向其中写任务，但是分布式的 Queue不能直接拿到，需要通过manager.get_task_queue()获得Queue 10 | # 在windows 上跑不了 服务端 11 | import random, time, Queue 12 | from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager 13 | 14 | # 发送任务的队列 15 | task_queue = Queue.Queue() 16 | # 接收结果的队列 17 | result_queue = Queue.Queue() 18 | 19 | # 从BaseManager 继承的QueueManager 20 | class QueueManager(BaseManager): 21 | pass 22 | 23 | # 把两个queue注册到网络 24 | QueueManager.register('get_task_queue', callable = lambda : task_queue) 25 | QueueManager.register('get_result_queue', callable = lambda : result_queue) 26 | # 绑定端口5000，验证码'abc' 27 | manager = QueueManager(address = ('', 5000), authkey = 'abc') 28 | # 启动queue 29 | manager.start() 30 | # 获得通过网络访问的Queue的对象 31 | task = manager.get_task_queue() 32 | result = manager.get_result_queue() 33 | # 放入任务 34 | for i in range(10): 35 | n = i #random.randint(0, 10000) 36 | print 'Put task %d...' % n 37 | task.put(n) 38 | # 从result读取结果 39 | print 'Try get results...' 40 | for i in range(10): 41 | r = result.get(timeout = 10) 42 | print 'Result: %s' % r 43 | # 关闭 44 | manager.shutdown() 45 | 46 | else: 47 | # 客户端 48 | import time, sys, Queue 49 | from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager 50 | 51 | # 创建雷类似的QueueManager 52 | class QueueManager(BaseManager): 53 | pass 54 | # 由于这个QueueManager只能从网络拿到，所以注册是提供名字 55 | QueueManager.register('get_task_queue') 56 | QueueManager.register('get_result_queue') 57 | # 连接到服务器 58 | server_addr = '192.168.1.108' 59 | print 'Connect to server %s...' % server_addr 60 | # 端口和验证码要正确 61 | m = QueueManager(address = (server_addr, 5000), authkey = 'abc') 62 | # 从网络连接 63 | m.connect() 64 | # 获取Queue对象 65 | task = m.get_task_queue() 66 | result = m.get_result_queue() 67 | # 从task去除任务，处理并返回结果 68 | for i in range(10): 69 | try: 70 | n = task.get(timeout = 5) 71 | print 'run task %d * %d...' % (n, n) 72 | r = '%d * %d = %d' % (n, n, n * n) 73 | time.sleep(1) 74 | result.put(r) 75 | except Queue.Empty: 76 | print 'task queue is empty' 77 | #处理结束 78 | print 'exit' 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /多线程.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 低级模块 thread 高级模块 threading(常用) 5 | import threading, time 6 | 7 | # 线程执行代码 8 | def loop(): 9 | print 'thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name 10 | n = 0 11 | while n < 5: 12 | n += 1 13 | print 'thread %s >>> %s' % (threading.current_thread().name, n) 14 | time.sleep(1) 15 | print 'thread %s end' % threading.current_thread().name 16 | 17 | if __name__ == '__main__': 18 | print 'thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name 19 | t = threading.Thread(target = loop, name = 'LoopThread') 20 | t.start() 21 | t.join() 22 | print 'thread %s end' % threading.current_thread().name 23 | 24 | # 锁 lock = threading.Lock() lock.acquire() lock.release 25 | 26 | # ThreadLocal 解决不同线程处理同一个对象时 免去 传参 及 全局变量的方式、 常用于：每个线程绑定一个数据库连接，HTTP请求，用户身份信息等 27 | # 创建全局ThreadLocal对象 28 | local_school = threading.local() 29 | 30 | def process_student(): 31 | print 'Hello %s (in %s)' % (local_school.student, threading.current_thread().name) 32 | 33 | def process_thread(name): 34 | # 绑定TrheadLocal的student 35 | local_school.student = name 36 | process_student() 37 | 38 | t1 = threading.Thread(target = process_thread, args = ('wangh',), name = 'ThreadA') 39 | t2 = threading.Thread(target = process_thread, args = ('kongl',), name = 'ThreadB') 40 | t1.start() 41 | t2.start() 42 | t1.join() 43 | t2.join() 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /多进程.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # os 模块封装了 fock() 函数，但只适用于Unix/Mac 系统，且只能是Linux版的 Python 才有os.fork()函数 5 | 6 | import os 7 | 8 | if os.name == 'posix': 9 | print 'Process (%s) start...' % os.getpid() 10 | pid = os.fork() 11 | if pid == 0: # 子进程 12 | print "I'm child process (%s) and my parent is (%s)" % (os.getpid(), os.getppid()) 13 | else: 14 | print 'I (%s) just create a child process (%s)' % (os.getpid(), pid) 15 | 16 | # 跨平台的 多进程模块 multiprocessing 17 | from multiprocessing import Process 18 | import os 19 | 20 | #子进程要执行的代码 21 | def run_proc(name): 22 | print 'Run child process %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()) 23 | 24 | if __name__ == '__main__': 25 | print 'Parent process %s' % os.getpid() 26 | #创建进程 27 | p = Process(target = run_proc, args = ('test',)) 28 | print 'Process will start' 29 | p.start() 30 | p.join() # 等待子进程的结束 31 | print 'Process end' 32 | 33 | # 进程池 34 | #进程池的大小，默认等于处理器的 核心数，可改变 p = pool(5) 35 | from multiprocessing import Pool 36 | import os, random, time 37 | 38 | def long_time_task(name): 39 | print 'Run task %s (%s)' % (name, os.getpid()) 40 | start = time.time() 41 | time.sleep(random.random() * 3) 42 | end = time.time() 43 | print 'Task %s runs %0.2f seconds' % (name, (end - start)) 44 | 45 | if __name__ == '__main__': 46 | print 'Parent process %s' % os.getpid() 47 | p = Pool(9) 48 | for i in range(5): 49 | p.apply_async(long_time_task, args = (i,)) 50 | print 'Wait for all subprocess done...' 51 | p.close() # close 后进不能在加入process 52 | p.join() 53 | print 'All subprocess end...' 54 | 55 | # 进程间通讯 Queue 或 Pipes 56 | from multiprocessing import Process, Queue 57 | import os, random, time 58 | 59 | def write(q): 60 | for value in ['a', 'b', 'c']: 61 | print 'Put %s to queue...' % value 62 | q.put(value) 63 | time.sleep(4) 64 | 65 | def read(q): 66 | while True: 67 | value = q.get(True) 68 | print 'Get %s from queue...' % value 69 | 70 | if __name__ == '__main__': 71 | # 父进程创建queue，并传给子进程 72 | q = Queue() 73 | pw = Process(target = write, args = (q,)) 74 | pr = Process(target = read, args = (q,)) 75 | # 启动写进程 76 | pw.start() 77 | # 启动读进程 78 | pr.start() 79 | # 等待结束 80 | pw.join() 81 | # 死循环强行结束 82 | pr.terminate() 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/LICENSE/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/LICENSE/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/backup/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/backup/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/conf/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/conf/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/www/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/www/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/www/static/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/www/static/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /实战-可怕的Python程序/www/templates/README.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/heyxiaohao/Python/14a1f7a1108c69fbebe9f0dd454db5d54d5b0db3/实战-可怕的Python程序/www/templates/README.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /序列化.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 简单文件及不重要数据 序列化和反序列化模块 cPickle 或 pickle 5 | try: 6 | import cPickle as pickle 7 | except ImportError: 8 | import pickle 9 | 10 | d = dict(name = 'Bob', age = 20, score = 80) 11 | print d 12 | s = pickle.dumps(d) 13 | print s 14 | with open('dump.txt', 'w') as f: 15 | f.write(s) 16 | 17 | with open('dump.txt', 'r') as fread: 18 | rs = fread.read() 19 | rd = pickle.loads(rs) 20 | print rd 21 | 22 | with open('dump.txt', 'r') as fread: 23 | print pickle.load(fread) 24 | 25 | # 重要数据 使用 JSON 模块 保存，也适用于不同 语言的传递 26 | print '---------------' 27 | import json 28 | d = dict(name = 'Wangh', age = 20, score = 80) 29 | json_str = json.dumps(d) 30 | print json_str 31 | 32 | json_d = json.loads(json_str) 33 | print json_d 34 | # 注：反序列化得到的字符串是unicode 需要转换 为str 35 | 36 | # 将类序列化需要 自己编写默认序列化函数 37 | class A(object): 38 | def __init__(self, name, age): 39 | self.name = name 40 | self.age = age 41 | 42 | def serial(self): 43 | return { 44 | 'name' : self.name, 45 | 'age' : self.age 46 | } 47 | 48 | a = A('kongl', 24) 49 | json_str = json.dumps(a, default=A.serial) 50 | print json_str 51 | print json.dumps(a, default = lambda obj : obj.__dict__) # 推荐此种方式，则不需要定义函数，但要排除 __slots__ 的class 52 | 53 | def dict2obj(d): 54 | return A(d['name'], d['age']) 55 | 56 | b = json.loads(json_str, object_hook = dict2obj) 57 | print b.name 58 | print b.age 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /数据库编程.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | type = 'MySQL' 5 | 6 | if type == 'sqlite3': 7 | # 导入驱动 8 | import sqlite3 9 | # 连接到数据库 test.db 如果文件不存在，则会自动创建 10 | conn = sqlite3.connect('test.db') 11 | # 创建一个cursor 12 | cursor = conn.cursor() 13 | # 执行创建表 14 | cursor.execute('create table user (id varchar(20) primary key, name varchar(20))') 15 | # 执行插入数据 16 | cursor.execute("insert into user (id, name) values ('1', 'wangh')") 17 | # 通过rowcount获取影响的行数 18 | print cursor.rowcount 19 | # 关闭cursor 20 | cursor.close() 21 | # 提交事物 22 | conn.commit() 23 | # 关闭connection 24 | conn.close() 25 | 26 | conn1 = sqlite3.connect('test.db') 27 | cursor1 = conn1.cursor() 28 | # 执行查询语句 29 | cursor1.execute("select * from user where id=?", '1') 30 | # 获取结果集 31 | value = cursor1.fetchall() 32 | print value 33 | cursor1.close() 34 | conn1.close() 35 | 36 | elif type == 'MySQL': 37 | import mysql.connector 38 | 39 | conn = mysql.connector.connect(user = 'root', password = 'qidian', database = 'test', use_unicode = True) 40 | cursor = conn.cursor() 41 | #cursor.execute("create table user (id varchar(20) primary key, name varchar(20))") 42 | # 插入记录 MySQL的占位符为 %s 43 | for i in range(20,32,1): 44 | cursor.execute('select * from user') 45 | values=cursor.fetchall() 46 | # print values 47 | flag=0 48 | for j in range(0,values.__len__(),1): 49 | strData =filter(str.isdigit,values[j][0].encode("utf-8")) 50 | if int(strData)==i: 51 | print values[j][0] 52 | flag=1 53 | if flag!=1: 54 | cursor.execute('insert into user(id, name) values(%s, %s)', [i, 'kongl']) 55 | print '插入成功' 56 | print cursor.rowcount # 打印影响的行数 57 | else: 58 | print '已有数据' 59 | # print cursor.rowcount #打印影响的行数 60 | conn.commit() 61 | cursor.close() 62 | 63 | # 查询 64 | cursor = conn.cursor() 65 | for i in range(0,10,1): 66 | cursor.execute('select * from user where id = %s' % i)# where id = %s' % '1') 67 | values = cursor.fetchall() 68 | print values 69 | cursor.close() 70 | conn.close() 71 | else: 72 | pass 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /正则表达式.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 1 如果直接给出字符，则表示精确匹配 5 | # 2 \d 表示数字， \w 表示字母或数字， . 可以匹配任意字符，\s 表示空白符，包括Tab 6 | # 3 * 表示任意长度，+ 表示至少一个字符，？ 表示0或1个字符，{n} 表示n个字符，{n,m} 表示n到m个字符 7 | # 如 \d{3}\s+\d{3,8} 8 | # - 是特殊字符，需要\转义 \- 9 | 10 | # 更精确的匹配范围 表示 [] 11 | # 如 [0-9a-zA-Z\_] 可以匹配一个数字，字母，或者下划线 12 | # A|B 可以匹配A，B 13 | # ^ 表示行的开头， ^\d 表示必须以数字开头 14 | # $ 表示行的结束，\d$ 表示必须以数字结束 15 | 16 | # re 模块 17 | # r作为字符串的前缀，可省略转义 18 | import re 19 | 20 | print re.match(r'^\d{3}\-\d{3,8}$', '010-12345') 21 | print re.match(r'^\d{3}\-\d{3,8}$', '010 12345') 22 | 23 | # 切割字符串功能比纯字符串更强 24 | print 'a b c'.split(' ') 25 | print re.split(r'\s+', 'a b c') 26 | print re.split(r'[\s\,]+', 'a, b c,, c') 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /错误_调试和测试.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | # 错误处理机制 try except finally 5 | print '-----错误处理-----' 6 | 7 | try: 8 | r = 10 / 1 9 | print 'try...' 10 | except ZeroDivisionError, e: 11 | print e 12 | else: # else 语句块 在没有错误时执行 13 | print 'else...' 14 | finally: 15 | print 'finally...' 16 | print 'End' 17 | 18 | # 错误基类 BaseException 19 | 20 | print '使用内置logging模块打印错误信息' 21 | import logging 22 | logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) 23 | 24 | def foo(s): 25 | return 10 / int(s) 26 | 27 | def bar(s): 28 | return foo(s) * 2 29 | 30 | def main(): 31 | try: 32 | bar('0') 33 | except StandardError, e: 34 | print e 35 | logging.exception(e) # 可以打印出堆栈信息 36 | main() 37 | print 'End' 38 | 39 | # 抛出错误 raise 可以抛出错误对象，也可以单独使用 raise 用于将错误抛出，供上层处理 40 | def func1(s): 41 | return 10 / int(s) 42 | def func2(s): 43 | try: 44 | func1(s) 45 | except ZeroDivisionError: 46 | print 'Error' 47 | raise 48 | 49 | def main(): 50 | try: 51 | func2('0') 52 | except ZeroDivisionError, e: 53 | logging.exception(e) 54 | main() 55 | print '---------------' 56 | 57 | print '-----调试-----' 58 | # 使用 print 59 | # 使用断言， -O 参数关闭断言 60 | try: 61 | n = 0 62 | assert (n != 0) # 抛出AssertError异常 63 | except AssertionError, e: 64 | logging.exception(e) 65 | else: 66 | 10 / n 67 | # 使用logging模块 68 | print '---------------' 69 | # import logging 70 | # logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) 71 | s = '0' 72 | n = int(s) 73 | logging.info('n = %d' % n) 74 | print 10 / n 75 | 76 | print '-------------' 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /面向对象.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | from _ast import Num 4 | 5 | class Student(object): # object 是所有对象的基类 6 | def __init__(self, name, score, id): # 构造函数 7 | self.name = name 8 | self.score = score 9 | self.__id = id # 成员变量前加 __ 表示私有变量，无法从外部访问 10 | 11 | def print_score(self): 12 | print '%s, %s' % (self.name, self.score) 13 | @property 14 | def id(self): 15 | return self.__id 16 | @id.setter 17 | def id(self, id): 18 | self.id = id 19 | 20 | bart = Student('Bart', 95.0, 1) # 实例化类 21 | list = Student('List', 87.1, 2) 22 | bart.print_score() # 成员函数调用 23 | list.print_score() 24 | bart.sex = '女' # 可以动态的添加属性，但是只对当前对象有效 25 | print bart.sex 26 | # print list.sex # 抛出异常AttributeError 27 | 28 | print bart.name 29 | #print bart.__id # 抛出异常AttributeError 30 | print bart.id 31 | 32 | class Animal(object): 33 | def run(self): 34 | print 'Animal is running...' 35 | 36 | class Dog(Animal): 37 | def run(self): # 覆盖父类方法 38 | print 'Dog is running...' 39 | 40 | def __len__(self): # 要获取自定义类型的len方法 需要自己编写 __len__()函数 41 | return 3 42 | 43 | class Cat(Animal): 44 | def run(self): 45 | print 'Cat is running...' 46 | 47 | class Tortoise(Animal): 48 | def run(self): 49 | print 'Tortoise is running...' 50 | 51 | dog = Dog() 52 | cat = Cat() 53 | dog.run() 54 | cat.run() 55 | 56 | def run_(animal): 57 | animal.run() 58 | 59 | run_(Dog()) 60 | run_(Cat()) 61 | run_(Tortoise()) 62 | 63 | 64 | # 获取对象信息 65 | print '---获取对象信息---' 66 | print type(123) 67 | print type('abc') 68 | print type([]) 69 | print type(str) 70 | print type(Animal) 71 | print type(dog) 72 | 73 | # 每一种内置类型都在 types 模块有定义 74 | import types 75 | print type(123) == types.IntType 76 | print type(Animal) == types.TypeType 77 | 78 | # 判断类型 isinstance() 79 | print '---isinatance()---' 80 | print isinstance(dog, Animal) 81 | print isinstance(dog, (Dog, Animal)) # 可以判断是否是中的一种类型 82 | 83 | # 获取对象的所有属性和方法 84 | print '---dir()---' 85 | print dir(dog) 86 | 87 | print len(dog) 88 | 89 | # getattr() setattr() hasattr() 90 | try: 91 | print hasattr(bart, name) 92 | except NameError: 93 | pass 94 | 95 | # 可以动态的给对象绑定属性 96 | class A(object): 97 | pass 98 | print '---动态绑定属性---' 99 | a = A() 100 | b = A() 101 | a.name = 'abc' # 仅对当前对象有效 102 | print a.name 103 | try: 104 | print b.name 105 | except AttributeError: 106 | pass 107 | print '---动态绑定方法---' 108 | def set_age(self, age): # 定义方法体 109 | self.age = age 110 | from types import MethodType # 导入模块方法 111 | a.set_age = MethodType(set_age, a, A) # 此方式只对当前实例有效 112 | a.set_age(24) 113 | print a.age 114 | 115 | # 对所有实例都有效的动态绑定方法的方式 给类绑定 116 | def set_score(self, score): 117 | self.score = score 118 | A.set_score = MethodType(set_score, None, A) 119 | b.set_score(54) 120 | print b.score 121 | 122 | # 限制动态创建属性 __slots__ 变量 只对当前类有效，对子类无效 123 | print '---限制---' 124 | class B(object): 125 | __slots__ = ('name', 'age') 126 | c = B() 127 | c.name = 'ad' 128 | c.age = 12 129 | try: 130 | c.score = 'adf' 131 | except AttributeError: 132 | print 'AttributeError' 133 | 134 | # @property 装饰器 将方法变为属性，可通过直接属性调用，并可检测参数值 135 | print '---@property---' 136 | class C(object): 137 | def __init__(self): 138 | self.__score = 10 139 | 140 | def __len__(self): 141 | return 9 142 | 143 | @property # 只定义它，就只有getter 144 | def score(self): 145 | return self.__score 146 | 147 | @score.setter 148 | def score(self, value): 149 | if not isinstance(value, int): 150 | raise ValueError('score must be integer!') 151 | if value < 0 or value > 100: 152 | raise ValueError('score must be between 0 ~ 100') 153 | self.__score = value 154 | 155 | cc = C() 156 | cc.score = 60 157 | print cc.score 158 | try: 159 | cc.score = 9999 160 | print cc.score 161 | except ValueError: 162 | print 'ValueError' 163 | 164 | print len(cc) 165 | 166 | # Python 支持多重继承 167 | 168 | # 类 内置属性 169 | print '类内置属性' 170 | # __repr__ 打印实例的地址，但是对于用户而言无用，因此自定义__str__方法，让__repr__ = __str__ 171 | class D(object): 172 | def __init__(self, name): 173 | self.name = name 174 | 175 | def __str__(self): 176 | return 'D object (name = %s)' % self.name 177 | __repr__ = __str__ 178 | 179 | print D('wangh') 180 | # 如果需要将类 作为可迭代的对象，需要实现__iter__(self) 及 next(self) 方法 181 | class E(object): 182 | def __init__(self): 183 | self.a = 0 184 | self.b = 1 185 | 186 | def __iter__(self): 187 | return self 188 | 189 | def next(self): 190 | tmp = self.b 191 | self.b = self.a + self.b 192 | self.a = tmp 193 | # self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b # 先计算在加上 同上 194 | if self.a > 100000: 195 | raise StopIteration() 196 | return self.a 197 | 198 | def __getitem__(self, n): # 使类可以使用索引取值， 但是需要对传入的参数做类型判断，如切片 isinstance(n, slice) 199 | a, b = 1, 1 200 | for x in range(n): 201 | a, b = b, a + b 202 | return a 203 | # 还有负数等 与之对应的方法__setitem__ __delitem__ 204 | 205 | for n in E(): 206 | print n 207 | 208 | print E()[10] 209 | # 对实例进行调用 需要实现 __call__ 方法 210 | class F(object): 211 | def __init__(self, num): 212 | self.num = num 213 | 214 | def __call__(self): 215 | return 'Num = %d' % self.num 216 | 217 | f = F(123) 218 | print f() 219 | # callable 函数 可以判断 对象是否可以被调用 220 | print callable(f) 221 | 222 | # 使用 type()函数动态创建类 223 | print '使用 type()函数动态创建类' 224 | # 先定义函数 225 | def fn(self, name = 'world'): 226 | print 'Hello %s' % name 227 | Hello = type('Hello', (object,), dict(hello = fn)) # 创建Hello class 228 | h = Hello() 229 | h.hello() 230 | # 要创建类 type() 需要传入三个参数 231 | # 1 class 的名称 232 | # 2 继承的父类集合，如果只有一个 记住 元祖的 , 233 | # 3 方法名和函数绑定 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 269 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------