├── index.html ├── guide.pdf ├── Fig. 0-1. Wage elasticities and total income.pdf ├── Fig. 4-3. The market equilibrium for the widget market.pdf ├── Fig. 2-3. The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped.pdf ├── Fig. 5-9. A production-possibility frontier between A and B.pdf ├── Fig. 9-1. The effect of rent control on the rental market.pdf ├── README.md ├── Fig. 6-4. The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue.pdf ├── Fig. 5-7. The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R).pdf ├── Fig. 9-2. The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R).pdf ├── Fig. 9-3. The market equilibrium, W', in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, A and B, and two commodities, x and y.pdf ├── Fig. 3-7. The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B.pdf ├── Fig. 2-3. The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped.tex ├── Fig. 5-9. A production-possibility frontier between A and B.tex ├── Fig. 4-3. The market equilibrium for the widget market.tex ├── Fig. 9-3. The market equilibrium, W', in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, A and B, and two commodities, x and y.tex ├── Fig. 9-1. The effect of rent control on the rental market.tex ├── Fig. 3-7. The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B.tex ├── Fig. 6-4. The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue.tex ├── Fig. 0-1. Wage elasticities and total income.tex ├── Fig. 9-2. The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R).tex └── Fig. 5-7. The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R).tex /index.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /guide.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/guide.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 0-1. Wage elasticities and total income.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 0-1. Wage elasticities and total income.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 4-3. The market equilibrium for the widget market.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 4-3. The market equilibrium for the widget market.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 2-3. The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 2-3. The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 5-9. A production-possibility frontier between A and B.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 5-9. A production-possibility frontier between A and B.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-1. The effect of rent control on the rental market.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 9-1. The effect of rent control on the rental market.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # pgf-econ-graphs 2 | 3 | This is the repository for the guide: "Using pgfplots to make economic graphs in LaTeX". 4 | 5 | The guide can be read at https://jackypacky.github.io/pgf-econ-graphs/guide.pdf. 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 6-4. The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 6-4. The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 5-7. The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R).pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 5-7. The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R).pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-2. The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R).pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 9-2. The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R).pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-3. The market equilibrium, W', in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, A and B, and two commodities, x and y.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 9-3. The market equilibrium, W', in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, A and B, and two commodities, x and y.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 3-7. The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jackypacky/pgf-econ-graphs/HEAD/Fig. 3-7. The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 2-3. The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | clip = false, 22 | ] 23 | % Labels 24 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {$x$}; 25 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {$y$}; 26 | \end{axis} 27 | \end{tikzpicture} 28 | \end{center} 29 | \textbf{Figure 2-3:} The finished x and y-axes, blank and L-shaped. 30 | 31 | \end{document} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 5-9. A production-possibility frontier between A and B.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | axis on top, 22 | clip = false, 23 | ] 24 | % Production-possibility frontier 25 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples=10000, color = blue, very thick, name path = frontier]{(49-x^2)^0.5}; 26 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, draw = none, name path = axis]{0}; 27 | 28 | % Colouring areas 29 | \addplot [blue, opacity = 0.1] fill between [of = frontier and axis]; 30 | 31 | % Labels 32 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {$A$}; 33 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {$B$}; 34 | \end{axis} 35 | \end{tikzpicture} 36 | \end{center} 37 | \textbf{Figure 5-9:} A production-possibility frontier between A and B. 38 | 39 | \end{document} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 4-3. The market equilibrium for the widget market.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10.5, 18 | ymin = 0.01, ymax = 10.5, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, 21 | ytick = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, 22 | grid = both, 23 | minor tick num = 1, 24 | grid style = solid, 25 | minor grid style = dotted, 26 | clip = false, 27 | ] 28 | % Supply and demand curves 29 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(1, 9) (9, 1)}; 30 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates {(1, 1) (9, 9)}; 31 | 32 | % Dashed lines 33 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 5) (5, 5) (5, 0)}; 34 | 35 | % Coordinate points 36 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(5, 5)}; 37 | 38 | % Labels 39 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Widgets, $Q$}; 40 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $P$}; 41 | \node [above = 5pt, fill = white] at (5, 5.2) {$E$}; 42 | \node [left = 10pt] at (0, 5) {$P_E$}; 43 | \node [below = 10pt] at (5, 0) {$Q_E$}; 44 | \node [right, fill = white] at (9, 1) {$D$}; 45 | \node [right, fill = white] at (9, 9) {$S$}; 46 | \end{axis} 47 | \end{tikzpicture} 48 | \end{center} 49 | \textbf{Figure 4-3:} The market equilibrium for the widget market. 50 | 51 | \end{document} 52 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-3. The market equilibrium, W', in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, A and B, and two commodities, x and y.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = box, 20 | xtick = \empty, ytick = \empty, 21 | axis on top, 22 | clip = false, 23 | ] 24 | % Curves and lines 25 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 5000, color = red, very thick]{25/(3*x-3)+2.35}; 26 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 5000, color = blue, very thick]{6.65-0.1*x^2}; 27 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 5000, color = black, dashed, thick]{-0.83*x+8.42}; 28 | 29 | % Coordinate points 30 | \addplot[color=black, mark=*, only marks, mark size=3pt] coordinates {(4.16, 4.95) (8, 1.76)}; 31 | 32 | % Labels 33 | \node [below left] at (0, 0) {$A$}; 34 | \node [above right] at (10, 10) {$B$}; 35 | \node [below right] at (10, 0) {$Q_x$}; 36 | \node [above left] at (0, 10) {$Q_y$}; 37 | \node [above right] at (8, 1.76) {$W$}; 38 | \node [above right] at (4.16, 4.95) {$W^\prime$}; 39 | \end{axis} 40 | \end{tikzpicture} 41 | \end{center} 42 | \textbf{Figure 9-3:} The market equilibrium, $W^\prime$, in an Edgeworth box between two consumers, $A$ and $B$, and two commodities, $x$ and $y$. 43 | 44 | \end{document} 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-1. The effect of rent control on the rental market.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | axis on top, 22 | clip = false, 23 | ] 24 | % Supply and Demand Curves 25 | \addplot[color=blue, very thick] coordinates {(1, 9) (9, 1)}; 26 | \addplot[color=red, very thick] coordinates{(3, 1) (6, 9)}; 27 | 28 | % Quantity and Price Lines 29 | \addplot[color=black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 5.36) (4.64, 5.36) (4.64, 0)}; 30 | \addplot[color=black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 2) (10, 2)}; 31 | \addplot[color=black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(3.38, 2) (3.38, 0)}; 32 | \addplot[color=black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(8, 2) (8, 0)}; 33 | 34 | % Coordinate points 35 | \addplot[color=black, mark=*, only marks, mark size=3pt] coordinates {(3.38, 2) (4.64, 5.36) (8,2)}; 36 | 37 | % Labels 38 | \node [right] at (10, 2) {Ceiling}; 39 | 40 | \node [right] at (4.7, 5.4) {$E$}; 41 | \node [above left] at (3.38, 2) {$E^{\prime}$}; 42 | 43 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Rent, $P$}; 44 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Apartments, $Q$}; 45 | 46 | \node [right] at (9, 1) {$D$}; 47 | \node [right] at (6, 9) {$S$}; 48 | 49 | \node [left] at (0, 5.36) {$P_E$}; 50 | \node [left] at (0, 2) {$P_c$}; 51 | 52 | \node [below] at (4.64, 0) {$Q_E$}; 53 | \node [below] at (3.38, 0) {$Q_s$}; 54 | \node [below] at (8, 0) {$Q_d$}; 55 | 56 | \draw[|-|] (3.38, -1) to (4.64, -1); 57 | \node [below] at (4, -1) {Apartments lost}; 58 | \draw[|-|] (3.38, -2) to (8, -2); 59 | \node [below] at (5.7, -2) {Shortage}; 60 | \end{axis} 61 | \end{tikzpicture} 62 | \end{center} 63 | \textbf{Figure 9-1:} The effect of rent control on the rental market. 64 | 65 | \end{document} 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 3-7. The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | clip = false, 22 | ] 23 | % Indifference curves 24 | \addplot[domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red]{10/(x^2)+1}; 25 | \addplot[domain = 1:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red]{10/((x-1)^2)+2}; 26 | \addplot[domain = 2:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red]{10/((x-2)^2)+3}; 27 | \addplot[domain = 3:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red]{10/((x-3)^2)+4}; 28 | \addplot[domain = 4:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red]{10/((x-4)^2)+5}; 29 | 30 | % Budget constraints 31 | \addplot[domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = blue, thick]{9.16-1.02*x}; 32 | \addplot[domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = blue, thick]{9.16-1.59*x}; 33 | 34 | % Dashed lines 35 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(4.7, 0) (4.7, 4.37) (0, 4.37)}; 36 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(3.3, 0) (3.3, 3.9) (0, 3.9)}; 37 | 38 | % Coordinate points 39 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(3.3, 3.9) (4.7, 4.37)}; 40 | 41 | % Labels 42 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {$A$}; 43 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {$B$}; 44 | \node [above] at (9.1, 0) {$M$}; 45 | \node [above] at (6, 0) {$M^\prime$}; 46 | \node [below] at (4.7, 0) {$Q_A$}; 47 | \node [below] at (3.3, 0) {$Q_A^\prime$}; 48 | \node [left] at (0, 4.5) {$Q_B$}; 49 | \node [left] at (0, 3.7) {$Q_B^\prime$}; 50 | \node [above] at (5.1, 4.2) {$D$}; 51 | \node [above] at (2.9, 2.8) {$D^\prime$}; 52 | \node [right] at (10, 1.1) {$U_1$}; 53 | \node [right] at (10, 2.12) {$U_2$}; 54 | \node [right] at (10, 3.16) {$U_3$}; 55 | \node [right] at (10, 4.2) {$U_4$}; 56 | \node [right] at (10, 5.4) {$U_5$}; 57 | \end{axis} 58 | \end{tikzpicture} 59 | \end{center} 60 | \textbf{Figure 3-7:} The effect of an increase in the price of good A on the budget constraint and indifference map between good A and good B. 61 | 62 | \end{document} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 6-4. The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \hspace*{-3cm}\begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | clip = false, 22 | ] 23 | % Colouring areas 24 | \fill[teal, opacity = 0.1] (0, 3.53) -- (4.14, 3.53) -- (4.14, 5.96) -- (0, 5.96); 25 | \fill[violet, opacity = 0.1] (0, 3.53) -- (4.14, 3.53) -- (4.14, 3) -- (0, 3); 26 | \fill[teal, opacity = 0.25] (4.14, 3.53)-- (5.05, 3.53) -- (4.14, 5.96); 27 | \fill[violet, opacity = 0.25] (4.14, 3)-- (5.05, 3.53) -- (4.14, 3.53); 28 | 29 | % Supply and demand curves 30 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(3,9) (6,1)}; 31 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates {(1,1) (9,6)}; 32 | \addplot[color = red, opacity = 0.3, very thick] coordinates {(1,4) (9,9)}; 33 | 34 | % Dashed lines 35 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 5.96) (4.14, 5.96) (4.14, 0)}; 36 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 3.53) (5.05, 3.53) (5.05, 0)}; 37 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 3) (4.1, 3)}; 38 | 39 | % Coordinate points 40 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(4.14, 5.96) (5.05, 3.53)}; 41 | 42 | % Labels 43 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin){Gasoline, $Q$}; 44 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $P$}; 45 | \node [above] at (5.25, 3.6) {$E$}; 46 | \node [above] at (4.35, 6.1) {$E^\prime$}; 47 | \node [right] at (6, 1) {$D$}; 48 | \node [right] at (9, 6) {$S$}; 49 | \node [right] at (9, 9) {$S^\prime$}; 50 | \node [left] at (0, 3.7) {$P_E$}; 51 | \node [left] at (0, 2.8) {$P_S$}; 52 | \node [left] at (0, 5.96) {$P^\prime$}; 53 | \node [below] at (5.05, 0) {$Q_E$}; 54 | \node [below] at (4.14, 0) {$Q^\prime$}; 55 | \node [above] at (2, 4.7) {$A$}; 56 | \node [above] at (1, 2) {$B$}; 57 | \node [above] at (4.5, 3.5) {$C$}; 58 | \node [above] at (6.2, 2.2) {$F$}; 59 | 60 | % Arrows 61 | \draw[-{Triangle[length=4mm, width=2mm]}, red, opacity = 0.3] (8, 5.8) to (8, 7.8); 62 | \draw[-Triangle] (1.3, 2.4) to [out = 0, in = 270] (2, 3.35); 63 | \draw[-Triangle] (5.9, 2.6) to [out = 180, in = 270] (4.3, 3.4); 64 | 65 | % Dimension lines 66 | \draw[|-|] (4.14, -1) to (5.05, -1); 67 | \node [below] at (4.59, -1) {Consumption reduction}; 68 | \draw[|-|] (-1, 5.96) to (-1, 3.8); 69 | \node [below, align = left] at (-2.3, 6) {Consumer \\ incidence}; 70 | \draw[|-|] (-1, 3.6) to (-1, 2.8); 71 | \node [below, align = left] at (-2.3, 3.5) {Producer \\ incidence}; 72 | \draw[|-|] (-3.6, 5.96) to (-3.6, 2.8); 73 | \node [below, align = left] at (-4.2, 4.7) {Tax}; 74 | 75 | % Legend 76 | \node [below right, draw, align = left] at (10.5, 10) { 77 | \fcolorbox{black}{teal!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$A$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{teal!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$C$}} : Consumer surplus loss \\ 78 | \fcolorbox{black}{violet!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$B$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{violet!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$F$}} : Producer surplus loss \\ 79 | \fcolorbox{black}{teal!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$A$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{violet!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$B$}} : Total tax revenue \\ 80 | \fcolorbox{black}{teal!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$C$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{violet!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$F$}} : Deadweight loss 81 | }; 82 | \end{axis} 83 | \end{tikzpicture}\hspace*{-3cm} 84 | \end{center} 85 | \textbf{Figure 6-4:} The effect of a gasoline tax on consumption and production and total tax revenue. 86 | 87 | \end{document} 88 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 0-1. Wage elasticities and total income.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \hspace*{-3cm}\begin{tikzpicture} 15 | \begin{axis}[ 16 | scale = 1.2, 17 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 18 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 19 | axis lines* = left, 20 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 21 | clip = false, 22 | ] 23 | % Colouring areas 24 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.25] (0, 7.11) -- (1.5, 7.11) -- (1.5, 5.56) -- (0, 5.56); 25 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (1.5, 7.11) -- (1.5, 5.56) -- (4.3, 5.56) -- (4.3, 7.11); 26 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.25] (4.3, 0) -- (5, 0) -- (5, 5.56) -- (4.3, 5.56); 27 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (4.3, 0) -- (4.3, 5.56) -- (1.5, 5.56) -- (1.5, 0); 28 | 29 | % Supply and Demand Curves 30 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Wage, $W$}; 31 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Labour, $Q$}; 32 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick, opacity = 0.3] coordinates {(0, 7.78) (10, 3.33)}; 33 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(3, 10) (7, 1.11)}; 34 | \addplot[color = red, very thick, opacity = 0.3] coordinates{(0, 3.33) (10, 7.78)}; 35 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates{(3, 1.11) (7, 10)}; 36 | 37 | % Wage Floor 38 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 7.11) (10, 7.11)}; 39 | 40 | % Quantity and Price Lines 41 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 5.56) (5, 5.56) (5, 0)}; 42 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(1.5, 7.11) (1.5, 0)}; 43 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(4.3, 7.11) (4.3, 0)}; 44 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(5.7, 7.11) (5.7, 0)}; 45 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(8.5, 7.11) (8.5, 0)}; 46 | 47 | % Labels: E, L 48 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(1.5, 7.11) (4.3, 7.11) (5, 5.56) (5.7, 7.11) (8.5, 7.11)}; 49 | \node [above=6pt] at (5, 5.56) {$E$}; 50 | \node [above] at (1.5, 7.11) {$E^{\prime}_{WE}$}; 51 | \node [above] at (4.8, 7.11) {$E^{\prime}_{WI}$}; 52 | \node [above] at (6.6, 7.11) {$L_{WI}$}; 53 | \node [above] at (8.5,7.11) {$L_{WE}$}; 54 | 55 | % Labels: S, D 56 | \node [right] at (10, 3.33) {$D_{WE}$}; 57 | \node [above right] at (10, 7.78) {$S_{WE}$}; 58 | \node [right] at (7, 1.11) {$D_{WI}$}; 59 | \node [right] at (7, 10) {$S_{WI}$}; 60 | \node [left] at (0, 5.56) {$W_{\text{market}}$}; 61 | \node [left] at (0, 7.11) {$W_{\text{min}}$}; 62 | \node [below] at (1.5, 0) {$Q^{\prime}_{D, WE}$}; 63 | \node [below] at (4, 0) {$Q^{\prime}_{D, WI}$}; 64 | \node [below] at (5.2, 0) {$Q_E$}; 65 | \node [below] at (6.5, 0) {$Q^{\prime}_{L, WI}$}; 66 | \node [below] at (8.5, 0) {$Q^{\prime}_{L, WE}$}; 67 | \node [right] at (10, 7.11) {Floor}; 68 | \node [above] at (0.7, 5.56) {$A$}; 69 | \node [above] at (0.7, 1.78) {$C$}; 70 | \node [above] at (2.5, 5.56) {$B$}; 71 | \node [above] at (2.5, 1.78) {$F$}; 72 | \node [above] at (4.65, 1.78) {$G$}; 73 | 74 | % Dimension indicators 75 | \draw[|-|] (4.3, -1.11) to (4.9, -1.11); 76 | \node [below] at (4.4, -1.33) {$\Delta E_{WI}$}; 77 | \draw[|-|] (5.1, -1.11) to (5.7, -1.11); 78 | \node [below] at (6, -1.33) {$\Delta L_{WI}$}; 79 | \draw[|-|] (1.5, -2.22) to (4.9, -2.22); 80 | \node [below] at (3.25, -2.44) {$\Delta E_{WE}$}; 81 | \draw[|-|] (5.1, -2.22) to (8.5, -2.22); 82 | \node [below] at (6.75, -2.44) {$\Delta L_{WE}$}; 83 | \draw[|-|] (-1.8, 5.56) to (-1.8, 7.11); 84 | \node [below] at (-2.4, 6.67) {$\Delta W$}; 85 | 86 | % Legend 87 | \node[below right, draw, align = left] at (12, 10) { 88 | Wage-inelastic labor demand \\ 89 | \fcolorbox{black}{green!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$A$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{green!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$B$}} : $W_T$ gain \\ 90 | \fcolorbox{black}{orange!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$G$}} : $W_T$ loss \\ \\ 91 | Wage-elastic labor demand \\ 92 | \fcolorbox{black}{green!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$A$}} : $W_T$ gain \\ 93 | \fcolorbox{black}{orange!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$F$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{orange!25}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$G$}} : $W_T$ loss 94 | }; 95 | \end{axis} 96 | \end{tikzpicture}\hspace*{-3cm} 97 | \end{center} 98 | \textbf{Figure 0-1:} Wage elasticities and total income. 99 | 100 | \end{document} 101 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 9-2. The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R).tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \hspace*{-4cm}\begin{tikzpicture} 15 | % Domestic market 16 | \begin{axis}[ 17 | scale = 0.8, 18 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 19 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 20 | axis lines* = left, 21 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 22 | axis on top, 23 | clip = false, 24 | ] 25 | % Colouring areas 26 | \fill[violet, opacity = 0.1] (0, 2) -- (1.63, 2) -- (3.5, 5) -- (0, 5); 27 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (1.63, 2) -- (3.5, 2) -- (3.5, 5); 28 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (6, 2) -- (8.25, 2) -- (6, 5); 29 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (3.5, 2) -- (6, 2) -- (6, 5) -- (3.5, 5); 30 | 31 | % Supply and demand curves 32 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates{(1, 1) (6, 9)}; 33 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(3, 9) (9, 1)}; 34 | 35 | % Dashed lines 36 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 2) (13.4, 2)}; 37 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 5) (13.4, 5)}; 38 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(1.63, 0) (1.63, 2)}; 39 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(3.5, 0) (3.5, 5)}; 40 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(6, 0) (6, 5)}; 41 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(8.25, 0) (8.25, 2)}; 42 | 43 | % Coordinate points 44 | \addplot[color=black, mark=*, only marks, mark size=3pt] coordinates {(4.64, 6.82)}; 45 | 46 | % Labels 47 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $P$}; 48 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Quantity, $Q$}; 49 | \node [right] at (6, 9) {$S$}; 50 | \node [right] at (9, 1) {$D$}; 51 | \node [below] at (1.63, 0) {$Q_S$}; 52 | \node [below] at (3.5, 0) {$Q_S^\prime$}; 53 | \node [below] at (6, 0) {$Q_D^\prime$}; 54 | \node [below] at (8.25, 0) {$Q_D$}; 55 | \node [left] at (0, 2) {$P_W$}; 56 | \node [left] at (0, 5) {$P_T$}; 57 | \node at (1.5, 3) {$A$}; 58 | \node at (3, 3) {$B$}; 59 | \node [left] at (5.1, 3) {$C$}; 60 | \node at (6.5, 3) {$F$}; 61 | 62 | % Dimension lines 63 | \draw[|-|] (3.5, -1.4) to (6, -1.4); 64 | \node [below] at (4.94, -1.4) {$Q^\prime$}; 65 | \draw[|-|] (1.63, -2.7) to (8.25, -2.7); 66 | \node [below] at (4.94, -2.7) {$Q_E$}; 67 | \draw[|-|] (-1.6, 2) to (-1.6, 5); 68 | \node [left] at (-1.6, 3.5) {Tariff}; 69 | \end{axis} 70 | 71 | % Import market 72 | \begin{axis}[ 73 | scale = 0.8, 74 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 75 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 76 | axis lines* = left, 77 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 78 | axis on top, 79 | clip = false, 80 | shift = {(axis cs: 15, 0)}, 81 | ] 82 | % Colouring areas 83 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (0, 2) -- (3.67, 2) -- (3.67, 5) -- (0, 5); 84 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (3.67, 2) -- (3.67, 5) -- (7.67, 2); 85 | 86 | % Supply and demand curves 87 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates{(0, 2) (9, 2)}; 88 | \addplot[color = red, opacity = 0.3, very thick] coordinates{(0, 5) (9, 5)}; 89 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(1, 7) (9, 1)}; 90 | 91 | % Dashed lines 92 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(3.67, 0) (3.67, 5)}; 93 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(7.67, 0) (7.67, 2)}; 94 | 95 | % Coordinate points 96 | \addplot[color=black, mark=*, only marks, mark size=3pt] coordinates {(3.67, 5) (7.67, 2)}; 97 | 98 | % Labels 99 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $P$}; 100 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Imports, $Q$}; 101 | \node [right] at (9, 2) {$S$}; 102 | \node [right] at (9, 5) {$S^\prime$}; 103 | \node [right] at (9, 0.8) {$D$}; 104 | \node [below] at (3.67, 0) {$Q^\prime$}; 105 | \node [below] at (7.67, 0) {$Q_E$}; 106 | \node [left] at (0, 2) {$P_W$}; 107 | \node [left] at (0, 5) {$P_T$}; 108 | \node [above] at (2, 2) {$C$}; 109 | \node [above] at (5, 2) {$B + F$}; 110 | 111 | % Legend 112 | \node[above left, draw, align = left] at (10, 12) { 113 | \fcolorbox{black}{violet!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$A$}} : Producer surplus gain and consumer surplus loss \\ 114 | \fcolorbox{black}{orange!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$B$}} + \fcolorbox{black}{orange!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$F$}} : Deadweight loss \\ 115 | \fcolorbox{black}{green!10}{\makebox[\fontcharht\font`X]{$C$}} : Tariff revenue 116 | }; 117 | \end{axis} 118 | \end{tikzpicture}\hspace*{-4cm} 119 | \end{center} 120 | \textbf{Figure 9-2:} The effect of tariffs in a small economy on the domestic market (L) and the import market (R). 121 | 122 | \end{document} 123 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Fig. 5-7. The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R).tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} 2 | \linespread{1.25} 3 | \usepackage{times} 4 | 5 | \usepackage{pgfplots} 6 | \pgfplotsset{compat = newest} 7 | \usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta} 8 | \usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween} 9 | \usepackage{amsmath} 10 | 11 | \begin{document} 12 | 13 | \begin{center} 14 | \hspace*{-3cm}\begin{tikzpicture} 15 | % Left-hand graph: Supply shift in market equilibrium 16 | \begin{axis}[ 17 | scale = 0.8, 18 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 19 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 20 | axis lines* = left, 21 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 22 | axis on top, 23 | clip = false, 24 | ] 25 | % Colouring areas 26 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (0, 7.67) -- (0, 3.67) -- (5.5, 3.67) -- (5.5, 7.67); 27 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (5.5, 0) -- (5.5, 3.67) -- (7, 3.67) -- (7, 0); 28 | 29 | % Supply and demand curves 30 | \addplot[color = blue, very thick] coordinates {(5,9) (8,1)}; 31 | \addplot[color = red, very thick] coordinates{(3,1) (6,9)}; 32 | \addplot[color = red, opacity = 0.3, very thick] coordinates{(6,1) (9,9)}; 33 | 34 | % Dashed lines 35 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 7.67) (15.5, 7.67)}; 36 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 3.67) (15.5, 3.67)}; 37 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(5.5, 0) (5.5, 7.67)}; 38 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(7, 0) (7, 3.67)}; 39 | 40 | % Coordinate points 41 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(5.5, 7.67) (7, 3.67)}; 42 | 43 | % Labels 44 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Farm products, $Q$}; 45 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $P$}; 46 | \node [below right=0pt and 5pt] at (5.5, 7.67) {$E$}; 47 | \node [above right = 0pt and 3pt] at (7, 3.67) {$E^\prime$}; 48 | \node [right] at (8, 1) {$D$}; 49 | \node [above] at (6, 9) {$S$}; 50 | \node [right] at (9, 9) {$S^\prime$}; 51 | \node [right, align=center] at (5, 11) {Total revenue lost}; 52 | \node [above, align=center] at (10, -3) {Total revenue gained}; 53 | \node [left] at (0, 7.67) {$P_E$}; 54 | \node [left] at (0, 3.67) {$P^\prime$}; 55 | \node [below] at (5.5, 0) {$Q_E$}; 56 | \node [below] at (7, 0) {$Q^\prime$}; 57 | 58 | % Arrows 59 | \draw[-{Triangle[length=4mm, width=2mm]}, red, opacity = 0.3] (6.3, 8.5) to (8.3, 8.5); 60 | \draw[-Triangle] (5, 11) to [out = 180, in = 90] (2, 6); 61 | \draw[-Triangle] (10, -1.5) to [out = 90, in = 0] (6.5, 0.7); 62 | \end{axis} 63 | 64 | % Right-hand graph: Price-taking firm 65 | \begin{axis}[ 66 | scale = 0.8, 67 | xmin = 0, xmax = 10, 68 | ymin = 0, ymax = 10, 69 | axis lines* = left, 70 | xtick = {0}, ytick = \empty, 71 | axis on top, 72 | clip = false, 73 | shift = {(axis cs: 17, 0)}, 74 | ] 75 | % Colouring areas 76 | \fill[orange, opacity = 0.1] (0, 3.67) -- (3.68, 3.67) -- (3.68, 7.67) -- (0, 7.67); 77 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (3.68, 1) -- (5.45, 1) -- (5.45, 3.67) -- (3.68, 3.67); 78 | \fill[green, opacity = 0.1] (0, 1) -- (0, 2) -- (3.68, 2) -- (3.68, 1); 79 | 80 | % Curves 81 | \addplot [domain =1:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = blue, very thick]{(x-1)^2+0.5}; 82 | \addplot [domain =1:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = blue, opacity = 0.3, very thick]{(0.4*(x-1))^2+0.5}; 83 | \addplot [domain = 1:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red, very thick]{(0.55*(x-5))^2+1.5}; 84 | \addplot [domain = 1:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = red, opacity = 0.3, very thick]{(0.15*(x-5))^2+1}; 85 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = teal, very thick]{7.67}; 86 | \addplot [domain = 0:10, restrict y to domain = 0:10, samples = 400, color = teal, opacity = 0.3, very thick]{3.67}; 87 | 88 | % Dashed lines 89 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(3.68, 0) (3.68, 7.67)}; 90 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(5.45, 0) (5.45, 3.67)}; 91 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 1) (5.45, 1)}; 92 | \addplot[color = black, dashed, thick] coordinates {(0, 2) (3.68, 2)}; 93 | 94 | % Coordinate points 95 | \addplot[color = black, mark = *, only marks, mark size = 3pt] coordinates {(3.68, 7.67) (5.45, 3.67)}; 96 | 97 | % Labels 98 | \node [right] at (current axis.right of origin) {Farm products, $q$}; 99 | \node [above] at (current axis.above origin) {Price, $p$}; 100 | \node [below right] at (3.68, 7.67) {$e$}; 101 | \node [above left] at (5.45, 3.67) {$e^\prime$}; 102 | \node [above] at (4, 10) {$MC$}; 103 | \node [above] at (10, 9) {$ATC$}; 104 | \node [right] at (10, 7.8) {$MR$}; 105 | \node [above] at (8.7, 10) {$MC^\prime$}; 106 | \node [right] at (10, 1.56) {$ATC^\prime$}; 107 | \node [right] at (10, 3.67) {$MR^\prime$}; 108 | \node [above] at (2, 12) {Total economic profit lost}; 109 | \node [above] at (3, -3) {Total economic profit gained}; 110 | \node [left] at (0, 7.67) {$P_E$}; 111 | \node [left] at (0, 3.67) {$P^\prime$}; 112 | \node [below] at (3.68, 0) {$q_e$}; 113 | \node [below] at (5.45, 0) {$q^\prime$}; 114 | 115 | % Arrows 116 | \draw[-Triangle] (3, -1.5) to [in = 180, out = 90] (5, 2); 117 | \draw[-Triangle] (3, -1.5) to (3, 1.7); 118 | \draw[-Triangle] (2, 12) to (2, 6.5); 119 | \end{axis} 120 | \end{tikzpicture}\hspace*{-3cm} 121 | \end{center} 122 | \textbf{Figure 5-7:} The effect of a bumper harvest on the farm product market (L) and individual farmers (R). 123 | 124 | \end{document} 125 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------