├── .gitignore
├── README.md
├── arrays
    ├── array_access.php
    ├── array_object.php
    ├── array_operations.php
    ├── count.php
    ├── example1.php
    ├── example2.php
    ├── example3.php
    ├── example4.php
    └── example5.php
├── basics
    ├── bitwise_operators.php
    ├── example1.php
    ├── example2.php
    ├── example3.php
    ├── numbers.php
    ├── strange_behaviours.php
    ├── tags.php
    └── variables.php
├── datatypes
    ├── json
    │   ├── decode.php
    │   ├── encode.php
    │   ├── error.json
    │   ├── error.php
    │   ├── error_encoding.json
    │   ├── error_encoding.php
    │   └── sample.json
    └── xml
    │   ├── error.xml
    │   ├── sample1.xml
    │   ├── sample2.xml
    │   ├── simplexml
    │       ├── creation.php
    │       ├── error_xml.php
    │       ├── error_xml_internal_errors.php
    │       ├── first_sample.php
    │       └── namespace_sample.php
    │   └── xmlReaderWriter
    │       ├── creation.php
    │       ├── error_xml.php
    │       ├── error_xml_internal_errors.php
    │       └── first_sample.php
├── functions
    ├── error.php
    ├── iscallable.php
    └── sample.php
├── objects
    └── visibilityChange.php
├── questions_pack
    ├── 1.php
    ├── 13.php
    ├── 14.php
    ├── 17.php
    ├── 2.php
    ├── 32.php
    ├── 4.php
    └── 50.php
├── strings
    └── basics.php
└── test_questions
    ├── OOP
        ├── 10.php
        └── 10b.php
    ├── basics
        └── empty_and_constants.php
    ├── datatypes
        └── xml
        │   ├── question1.php
        │   ├── question1.xml
        │   ├── question1_corrected.php
        │   └── question1_corrected.xml
    ├── functions
        ├── 1.php
        ├── 2.php
        ├── 3.php
        ├── 4.php
        ├── 4b.php
        ├── 5.php
        └── 6.php
    └── objects
        ├── 11.php
        ├── 2.php
        └── 3.php


/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | .idea


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/README.md:
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 1 | # php-curiosities
 2 | 
 3 | Aquí irán esos pequeños ejemplos de PHP que veamos en el club de formación de certificación PHP en Atrápalo.
 4 | 
 5 | ## Superglobales: ##
 6 | http://php.net/manual/en/language.variables.superglobals.php
 7 | 
 8 | ## Error constants: ##
 9 | http://php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.constants.php
10 | 
11 | ## XPath: ##
12 | http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/
13 | http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp
14 | 
15 | ## Zend Certified PHP Engineer Exam Study Guide: ##
16 | https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vfptyn8kqzqvacs/AAABq6mbQQNFHDpBZXDYcsSCa/study/PHP_5-5_Study_Guide.pdf?dl=0
17 | 
18 | ## Blog ZendCertificationDT: ##
19 | http://zendcertificationdt.netii.net/
20 | 
21 | ## Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide (Third Edition): ##
22 | https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vfptyn8kqzqvacs/AAAqxAZo7hnlvr0RX-JCxemoa/study/Zend%20PHP%205.5%20Certification%20Study%20Guide%2C%20Third%20Edition%2C%20A%20php%5Barchitect%5D%20Guide%20%28New%202015%29.pdf?dl=0
23 | 


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/arrays/array_access.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | //Pimple is a good example of \ArrayAccess
4 | //https://github.com/silexphp/Pimple/blob/master/src/Pimple/Container.php


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/arrays/array_object.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $anArray = [
 4 |     'id' => 1,
 5 |     'name' => 'Jimmy',
 6 |     'age' => 22,
 7 | ];
 8 | 
 9 | $anObject = new \ArrayObject($anArray, ArrayObject::ARRAY_AS_PROPS);
10 | $anObject->name .= ' K. Oak';
11 | $anObject->keyNueva = 'Pepito';
12 | $a = $anObject['name'];
13 | 
14 | var_dump($anObject, $a);
15 | 
16 | echo "\nforeach: \n";
17 | foreach ($anObject as $property => $value) {
18 |     echo "$property => $value\n";
19 | }


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/arrays/array_operations.php:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimmyoak/php-curiosities/42efce1ba0e51e1b08bba23e2883b24c31cdfa4f/arrays/array_operations.php


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/arrays/count.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $var = 'Hello World';
 4 | 
 5 | $count = count($var);
 6 | if ($count) {
 7 |     echo $count;
 8 | }
 9 | 
10 | // Porque:
11 | // var_dump((array)10);


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/arrays/example1.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | //Ojo: Short Syntax solo disponible desde 5.4
 4 | 
 5 | $anArray = [
 6 |     '' => 0,
 7 |     ' ' => 1,
 8 |     '  ' => 2,
 9 |     '   ' => 3,
10 |     null => 4,
11 |     false => 5
12 | ];
13 | 
14 | var_dump($anArray);


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/arrays/example2.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $object = new \stdClass();
 4 | $object->name = 'asdasd';
 5 | $anArray = [
 6 |     0 => 0,
 7 |     0.2 => 1,
 8 |     0.999 => 2,
 9 |     '0' => 3,
10 |     '0.4' => 4,
11 |     '0hola' => 5,
12 |     0xA => 6,
13 | ];
14 | 
15 | //[0 => 3, '0.4' => 4, '0hola' => 5]
16 | 
17 | var_dump($anArray);


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/arrays/example3.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $anArray = [
 4 |     1 => 0,
 5 |     '1' => 1,
 6 | ];
 7 | 
 8 | var_dump($anArray);
 9 | 
10 | $anArray = [
11 |     '1' => 0,
12 |     1 => 1,
13 | ];
14 | 
15 | var_dump($anArray);


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/arrays/example4.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $array = [
 4 |     [1, 2],
 5 |     'a' => [
 6 |         'b' => 1,
 7 |         'c'
 8 |     ]
 9 | ];
10 | 
11 | echo $array[5][2];
12 | echo $array[5][2] = 2;


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/arrays/example5.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | /**
 4 |  * @author Fernando Villar
 5 |  */
 6 | 
 7 | 
 8 | $a = array('zero', 'one', 'two');
 9 | 
10 | foreach ($a as &$v) {
11 | }
12 | foreach ($a as $v) {
13 | }
14 | 
15 | var_dump($a);
16 | 


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/basics/bitwise_operators.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | echo "OPERADORES A NIVEL DE BITS: \n";//Trabajan bit por bit
 4 | //Valores ejemplo:
 5 | $firstValue = 167;
 6 | $secondValue = 69;
 7 | 
 8 | $and = $firstValue & $secondValue; //El resultado será el que ambos bits sean 1, lo demás 0
 9 | $or = $firstValue | $secondValue; //El resultado será el que uno o ambos bits sea 1
10 | $xor = $firstValue ^ $secondValue; // El resultado será el que uno pero NO AMBOS sea 1
11 | $not = ~$firstValue; // Se invierten todos los bits
12 | $zeroNot = ~0;
13 | $shiftLeft = $firstValue << 1; //Desplazamiento a izquierda de los bits (1 posición)
14 | $shiftTwiceLeft = $firstValue << 2;//Desplazamiento a izquierda de los bits (2 posiciones)
15 | $shiftRight = $firstValue >> 1;//Desplazamiento a derecha de los bits (1 posición)
16 | $shiftTwiceRight = $firstValue >> 2;//Desplazamiento a derecha de los bits (2 posiciones)
17 | 
18 | echo 'AND:' . "\n";
19 | echo decBinary($firstValue) . "\n";
20 | echo decBinary($secondValue) . "\n";
21 | echo '-------------------' ."\n";
22 | echo decBinary($and). "\n\n\n";
23 | 
24 | echo 'OR:' . "\n";
25 | echo decBinary($firstValue) . "\n";
26 | echo decBinary($secondValue) . "\n";
27 | echo '-------------------' ."\n";
28 | echo decBinary($or). "\n\n\n";
29 | 
30 | echo 'XOR:' . "\n";
31 | echo decBinary($firstValue) . "\n";
32 | echo decBinary($secondValue) . "\n";
33 | echo '-------------------' ."\n";
34 | echo decBinary($xor). "\n\n\n";
35 | 
36 | echo 'NOT (~) [64 bits]:' . "\n";
37 | echo decBinary($firstValue, 64) . "\n";
38 | echo '-------------------' ."\n";
39 | echo decBinary($not). "\n\n\n";
40 | 
41 | echo 'ZERO NOT (~) [64 bits]:' . "\n";
42 | echo decBinary(0, 64) . "\n";
43 | echo '-------------------' ."\n";
44 | echo decBinary($zeroNot). "\n\n\n";
45 | 
46 | echo 'SHIFT LEFT (2^1) (x2):' . "\n";
47 | echo decBinary($firstValue, 16) . "\n";
48 | echo '-----------------------------' ."\n";
49 | echo decBinary($shiftLeft, 16). "\n\n\n";
50 | 
51 | echo 'SHIFT TWICE LEFT (2^2) (x4):' . "\n";
52 | echo decBinary($firstValue, 16) . "\n";
53 | echo '-----------------------------' ."\n";
54 | echo decBinary($shiftTwiceLeft, 16). "\n\n\n";
55 | 
56 | echo 'SHIFT RIGHT (2^1) (/2):' . "\n";
57 | echo decBinary($firstValue, 16) . "\n";
58 | echo '-----------------------------' ."\n";
59 | echo decBinary($shiftRight, 16). "\n\n\n";
60 | 
61 | echo 'SHIFT TWICE RIGHT (2^2) (/4):' . "\n";
62 | echo decBinary($firstValue, 16) . "\n";
63 | echo '-----------------------------' ."\n";
64 | echo decBinary($shiftTwiceRight, 16). "\n\n\n";
65 | 
66 | 
67 | function decBinary($value, $positions = 8)
68 | {
69 |     return sprintf('%5d', $value) . ': ' . binary($value, $positions);
70 | }
71 | function binary($value, $positions = 8)
72 | {
73 |     return sprintf('%0'.$positions.'b', $value);
74 | }
75 | 


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/basics/example1.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function test()
 4 | {
 5 |     static $count = 0;
 6 | 
 7 |     $count++;
 8 |     echo $count;
 9 |     if ($count < 10) {
10 |         test();
11 |     }
12 |     $count--; //comment or un comment this line to see the different effect with static variable
13 | }
14 | 
15 | test();
16 | test();


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/basics/example2.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | echo (int) ((0.1 + 0.7) * 10) . PHP_EOL;
4 | 


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/basics/example3.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
 4 |     for ($j = 0; $j < 10; $j++) {
 5 |         if ($j % 2 !== 0) {
 6 |             break;
 7 |         }
 8 | 
 9 |         echo $i . ' ' . $j .PHP_EOL;
10 |     }
11 | }
12 | 
13 | echo PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
14 | 
15 | for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
16 |     for ($j = 0; $j < 10; $j++) {
17 |         if ($j % 2 !== 0) {
18 |             continue 2;
19 |         }
20 | 
21 |         echo $i . ' ' . $j .PHP_EOL;
22 |     }
23 | }


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/basics/numbers.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | echo "NUMBERS: \n";
 4 | $decimal = 56;
 5 | $octal = 0123; //83
 6 | $hex = 0xAA; // 170
 7 | $binary = 0b10100101; // 165
 8 | 
 9 | $float = 567.8;
10 | $floatE = 5e3; // 5 x (10 ^ 3)
11 | 
12 | echo 'Decimal: ' . $decimal . "\n";
13 | echo 'Octal: ' . $octal . "\n";
14 | echo 'Hexadecimal: ' . $hex . "\n";
15 | echo 'Binario: ' . $binary . "\n\n";
16 | echo 'Float: ' . $float . "\n";
17 | echo 'FloatE: ' . $floatE . "\n\n";
18 | 
19 | $maxInt = PHP_INT_MAX;
20 | $negativeMaxInt = -PHP_INT_MAX;
21 | $overflow = PHP_INT_MAX + 1;
22 | echo 'PHP_INT_MAX [64 bits]: ' . decBinary($maxInt, 64) . ' typeof: ' . gettype($maxInt) . "\n";
23 | echo '-PHP_INT_MAX [64 bits]: ' . decBinary($negativeMaxInt, 64) . ' typeof: ' . gettype($negativeMaxInt) . "\n";
24 | //Nótese que en caso de desbordamiento de entero, PHP no lanza ningún Warning ni peta ni nada, simplemente se convierte a double:
25 | echo 'PHP_INT_MAX + 1 (overflow?) [64 bits]: ' . decBinary($overflow, 64) . ' typeof: ' . gettype($overflow) . "\n";
26 | 
27 | 
28 | 
29 | function decBinary($value, $positions = 8)
30 | {
31 |     return sprintf('%5d', $value) . ': ' . binary($value, $positions);
32 | }
33 | function binary($value, $positions = 8)
34 | {
35 |     return sprintf('%0'.$positions.'b', $value);
36 | }
37 | 


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/basics/strange_behaviours.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | echo 'COSILLAS RARAS: ' . "\n";
 4 | echo 'Números con strings (cast a integer de "8hola"): ' . ((int)'8hola') . "\n";
 5 | echo 'Números con strings (cast a integer de "hola8"): ' . ((int)'hola8') . "\n";
 6 | echo 'Números con strings (cast a float de "7.45e6hola"): ' . ((float)'7.45e6hola') . "\n";
 7 | echo 'Números con strings (cast a float de "7.hola45"): ' . ((float)'7.hola45') . "\n";
 8 | echo 'Comparativas 5 == "5hola": ' . (5 == '5hola' ? 'true' : 'false') . "\n";
 9 | echo 'Comparativas "5hola" == 5: ' . ('5hola' == 5 ? 'true' : 'false') . "\n";
10 | echo 'Comparativas "5" == "5hola": ' . ('5' == '5hola' ? 'true' : 'false') . "\n";
11 | echo 'Comparativas 5 == "7hola": ' . (5 == '7hola' ? 'true' : 'false') . "\n";
12 | echo 'Comparativas 5 == "hola8": ' . (5 == 'hola8' ? 'true' : 'false') . "\n";
13 | 


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/basics/tags.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | //Recommended
 3 | echo "TAGS: \n";
 4 | ?>
 5 | <script language="php">
 6 |     echo 'Hi from <script language="php">';
 7 | </script>
 8 | 
 9 | <?= 'short echo'."\n"; ?>
10 | <?
11 | //Only available if short_open_tags is On in php.ini
12 | $a = 0;
13 | ?>
14 | 
15 | <%
16 | //Only available if asp_tags is On in php.ini
17 | echo 'ASP TAGS'."\n";
18 | %>
19 | 
20 | <?= 'Short echo'; ?>
21 | 


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/basics/variables.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | echo "VARIABLES:\n";
 4 | $_ = 1;
 5 | $camión = 'camión'; // Se pueden crear variables con acentos
 6 | echo $camión . "\n";
 7 | 
 8 | echo "\n\n\n\nVARIABLE VARIABLES (también sirve para funciones):\n";
 9 | $Bar = "a";
10 | $Foo = "Bar";
11 | $World = "Foo";
12 | $Hello = "World";
13 | $a = "Hello";
14 | 
15 | echo '$a: ' . $a . "\n"; //Returns Hello
16 | echo '$$a: ' . $$a . "\n"; //Returns World
17 | echo '$$$a: ' . $$$a . "\n"; //Returns Foo
18 | echo '$$$$a: ' . $$$$a . "\n"; //Returns Bar
19 | echo '$$$$$a: ' . $$$$$a . "\n"; //Returns a
20 | 
21 | echo '$$$$$$a: ' . $$$$$$a . "\n"; //Returns Hello
22 | echo '$$$$$$$a: ' . $$$$$$$a . "\n"; //Returns World
23 | 
24 | $name = '123';
25 | $$name = '456';
26 | echo '${\'123\'}: ' . ${'123'} . "\n";
27 | 
28 | echo "\n\n\n\nFUNCIONES: \n";
29 | function cAsEInSeNSitiVe()
30 | {
31 |     echo 'CALLED!';
32 | }
33 | echo caseinsensitive() . "\n";
34 | 


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/datatypes/json/decode.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | //Simple decode as stdClass
 4 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/sample.json');
 5 | $decoded = json_decode($json);
 6 | 
 7 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());
 8 | 
 9 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
10 | 
11 | //Simple decode as array
12 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/sample.json');
13 | $decoded = json_decode($json, true);
14 | 
15 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());
16 | 
17 | 
18 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
19 | 
20 | //Max depth error
21 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/sample.json');
22 | $decoded = json_decode($json, false, 1);
23 | 
24 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());
25 | 
26 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
27 | 
28 | //bigInts as Strings on decode
29 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/sample.json');
30 | $decoded = json_decode($json, false, 512, JSON_BIGINT_AS_STRING);
31 | 
32 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());


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/datatypes/json/encode.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $asClass = new \stdClass();
 4 | $asClass->name = "Value";
 5 | $asClass->bigint = "34985776347563425873426587243562348756478";
 6 | 
 7 | //Simple class to json
 8 | echo json_encode($asClass);
 9 | 
10 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
11 | 
12 | $asArray = [
13 |     'name' => "Value",
14 |     'bigint' => '34985776347563425873426587243562348756478',
15 |     'properties' => [
16 |         'a' => 1
17 |     ],
18 | ];
19 | 
20 | //Simple array to json
21 | echo json_encode($asArray);
22 | 
23 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
24 | 
25 | //Max depth error
26 | echo json_encode($asArray, null , 1);
27 | var_dump(json_last_error_msg());
28 | 
29 | echo "\n\n\n\n";
30 | 
31 | //With numbers
32 | echo json_encode($asArray, JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);


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/datatypes/json/error.json:
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1 | {
2 |   'name': "value"
3 | }


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/datatypes/json/error.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/error.json');
4 | $decoded = json_decode($json);
5 | 
6 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());


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/datatypes/json/error_encoding.json:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimmyoak/php-curiosities/42efce1ba0e51e1b08bba23e2883b24c31cdfa4f/datatypes/json/error_encoding.json


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/datatypes/json/error_encoding.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $json = file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/error_encoding.json');
4 | $decoded = json_decode($json);
5 | 
6 | var_dump($decoded, json_last_error(), json_last_error_msg());


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/datatypes/json/sample.json:
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1 | {
2 |   "name": "value",
3 |   "properties": {
4 |     "aProperty": "Its value"
5 |   },
6 |   "bigint": 13248745873457436574564756475645743847847384758475485745847
7 | }


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/datatypes/xml/error.xml:
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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 | <root>
3 |     <fail>
4 | </root>


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/datatypes/xml/sample1.xml:
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 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 | <details>
 3 |     <data length="5">
 4 |         <d0>0</d0>
 5 |         <d1>1</d1>
 6 |         <d2>1</d2>
 7 |         <d3>1</d3>
 8 |         <d4>0</d4>
 9 |     </data>
10 |     <media>
11 |         <image>anImage.png</image>
12 |         <image>anotherImage.png</image>
13 |         <video>aVideo.mp4</video>
14 |         <audio/>
15 |     </media>
16 | </details>


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/datatypes/xml/sample2.xml:
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 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 | <details>
 3 |     <data xmlns:d="http://url/data">
 4 |         <d:d0>0</d:d0>
 5 |         <d:d1>0</d:d1>
 6 |         <d:d2>0</d:d2>
 7 |         <d:d3>0</d:d3>
 8 |         <d:d4>0</d:d4>
 9 |     </data>
10 |     <media xmlns:m="http://url/media">
11 |         <m:image>anImage.png</m:image>
12 |         <m:image>anotherImage.png</m:image>
13 |         <m:video>aVideo.mp4</m:video>
14 |         <m:audio/>
15 |     </media>
16 | </details>


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/datatypes/xml/simplexml/creation.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $xmlRoot = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><root></root>';
 4 | 
 5 | $xml = new SimpleXMLElement($xmlRoot);
 6 | 
 7 | $node = $xml->addChild('node');
 8 | $node->addAttribute('name', 'value');
 9 | 
10 | $node->addChild('lead', 'Value');
11 | 
12 | echo $xml->asXML();


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/datatypes/xml/simplexml/error_xml.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../error.xml';
4 | 
5 | $xml = simplexml_load_file($path);


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/datatypes/xml/simplexml/error_xml_internal_errors.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../error.xml';
 4 | 
 5 | libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
 6 | 
 7 | $xml = simplexml_load_file($path);
 8 | 
 9 | $errors = libxml_get_errors();
10 | var_dump($xml, $errors);


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/datatypes/xml/simplexml/first_sample.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../sample1.xml';
 4 | 
 5 | /**
 6 |  * SimpleXML nos permite tratar los XMLs como objetos
 7 |  */
 8 | $xml = simplexml_load_file($path);
 9 | //var_dump($xml);
10 | 
11 | echo $xml->data['length'] . ' /// type: ' . get_class($xml->data['length']) . "\n";
12 | 
13 | foreach ($xml->media->image as $image) {
14 |     echo $image . ' /// type: ' . get_class($image) . "\n";
15 | }
16 | 
17 | $casted = (string)$image;
18 | var_dump($casted);


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/datatypes/xml/simplexml/namespace_sample.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | /**
 4 |  * Sacado directamente de PHP.net
 5 |  */
 6 | 
 7 | $xml = <<<EOD
 8 | <book xmlns:chap="http://example.org/titulo-capitulo">
 9 |     <title>My Book</title>
10 |     <chapter id="1">
11 |         <chap:titulo>Chapter 1</chap:titulo>
12 |         <para>Donec velit. Nullam eget tellus vitae tortor gravida scelerisque. 
13 |             In orci lorem, cursus imperdiet, ultricies non, hendrerit et, orci. 
14 |             Nulla facilisi. Nullam velit nisl, laoreet id, condimentum ut, 
15 |             ultricies id, mauris.</para>
16 |     </chapter>
17 |     <chapter id="2">
18 |         <chap:titulo>Chapter 2</chap:titulo>
19 |         <para>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Proin 
20 |             gravida. Phasellus tincidunt massa vel urna. Proin adipiscing quam 
21 |             vitae odio. Sed dictum. Ut tincidunt lorem ac lorem. Duis eros 
22 |             tellus, pharetra id, faucibus eu, dapibus dictum, odio.</para>
23 |     </chapter>
24 | </book>
25 | EOD;
26 | 
27 | $sxe = new SimpleXMLElement($xml);
28 | 
29 | $sxe->registerXPathNamespace('c', 'http://example.org/titulo-capitulo');
30 | $resultado = $sxe->xpath('//c:titulo');
31 | 
32 | foreach ($resultado as $titulo) {
33 |     echo $titulo . "\n";
34 | }
35 | 


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/datatypes/xml/xmlReaderWriter/creation.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $xmlWriter = new XMLWriter();
 4 | $xmlWriter->openMemory();
 5 | 
 6 | $xmlWriter->startDocument(1.0, 'UTF-8');
 7 | 
 8 | $xmlWriter->startElement('root');
 9 |     $xmlWriter->startElement('node');
10 |     $xmlWriter->writeAttribute('length', 5);
11 |         $xmlWriter->writeElement('leaf', 'Value');
12 |     $xmlWriter->endElement();
13 | $xmlWriter->endElement();
14 | 
15 | echo $xmlWriter->outputMemory();


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/datatypes/xml/xmlReaderWriter/error_xml.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../error.xml';
4 | 
5 | $xmlReader = new XMLReader();
6 | $xmlReader->open($path);
7 | $xmlReader->read(); //Hasta que no hacemos el read no peta


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/datatypes/xml/xmlReaderWriter/error_xml_internal_errors.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../error.xml';
 4 | 
 5 | libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
 6 | 
 7 | $xmlReader = new XMLReader();
 8 | $xmlReader->open($path);
 9 | $xmlReader->read();
10 | 
11 | $errors = libxml_get_errors();
12 | var_dump($errors);


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/datatypes/xml/xmlReaderWriter/first_sample.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/../sample1.xml';
 4 | 
 5 | $xmlReader = new XMLReader();
 6 | $xmlReader->open($path);
 7 | 
 8 | while($xmlReader->read()) {
 9 |     echo 'Name: ' . $xmlReader->name . " /// Type: " . $xmlReader->nodeType . " /// Value: " . $xmlReader->value;
10 | 
11 |     echo "\n";
12 | }
13 | 


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/functions/error.php:
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1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | function aFunc($a, $b) {
4 |     echo $a . $b;
5 | }
6 | 
7 | aFunc(1);
8 | //Lanza warning
9 | echo 'Sigue ejecutandose';


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/functions/iscallable.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class AClass
 4 | {
 5 |     public static function b(Closure $c)
 6 |     {
 7 |         echo '5';
 8 |     }
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | var_dump(is_callable(['AClass', 'b']));


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/functions/sample.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | namespace Aitor;
 4 |     function asdf()
 5 |     {
 6 |         echo '5';
 7 |     }
 8 | 
 9 |     namespace Jimmy;
10 |         function asdf()
11 |         {
12 |             echo '6';
13 |         }
14 | 
15 | asdf();
16 | \Aitor\asdf();


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/objects/visibilityChange.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class A
 4 | {
 5 |     protected function asdf()
 6 |     {
 7 |         echo 'aitor';
 8 |     }
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | class B extends A
12 | {
13 |     public function asdf()
14 |     {
15 |         echo 'asdf';
16 |     }
17 | }
18 | 
19 | $b = new B();
20 | $b->asdf();


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/questions_pack/1.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | $m = 3;
 3 | $n = 0;
 4 | function l()
 5 | {
 6 |     $m = 0;
 7 |     $m++;
 8 |     global $n;
 9 |     return array($n, $m);
10 | }
11 | 
12 | echo implode((L(l())), ',');


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/questions_pack/13.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $a = 20;
 4 | 
 5 | function myfunction($b) {
 6 |     $a = 30;
 7 | 
 8 |     global $a, $c;
 9 |     return $c = ($b + $a);
10 | }
11 | 
12 | print myfunction(40) + $c;
13 | 
14 | ?>


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/questions_pack/14.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function &find_variable(&$one, &$two, &$three) {
 4 | 
 5 |     if($one > 10 && $one < 20) return $one;
 6 |     if($two > 10 && $two < 20) return $two;
 7 |     if($three > 10 && $three < 20) return $three;
 8 | }
 9 | 
10 | $one = 2;
11 | $two = 20;
12 | $three = 15;
13 | 
14 | $var = &find_variable($one, $two, $three);
15 | 
16 | $var++;
17 | 
18 | print "1: $one, 2: $two, 3: $three";
19 | 
20 | ?>


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/questions_pack/17.php:
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 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class myClass
 4 | {
 5 |     private $a;
 6 | 
 7 |     public function __construct()
 8 |     {
 9 |         $this->a = 10;
10 |     }
11 | 
12 |     public function printValue()
13 |     {
14 |         print "The Value is: {$this->a}\n";
15 |     }
16 | 
17 |     public function changeValue($val, $obj = null)
18 |     {
19 |         if (is_null($obj)) {
20 |             $this->a = $val;
21 |         } else {
22 |             $obj->a = $val;
23 |         }
24 |     }
25 | 
26 |     public function getValue()
27 |     {
28 |         return $this->a;
29 |     }
30 | }
31 | 
32 | 
33 | 
34 | $obj_one = new myClass();
35 | $obj_two = new myClass();
36 | 
37 | $obj_one->changeValue(20, $obj_two);
38 | $obj_two->changeValue($obj_two->getValue(), $obj_one);
39 | 
40 | $obj_two->printValue();
41 | $obj_one->printValue();
42 | 
43 | ?>


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/questions_pack/2.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class M
 4 | {
 5 |     function __construct()
 6 |     {
 7 |         echo "mmm";
 8 |     }
 9 | 
10 |     function m()
11 |     {
12 |         echo "M";
13 |     }
14 | }
15 | 
16 | $m = new M();
17 | $m->m();


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/questions_pack/32.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class MyException extends Exception
 4 | {
 5 | }
 6 | 
 7 | class AnotherException extends MyException
 8 | {
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | class Foo
12 | {
13 |     public function something()
14 |     {
15 |         throw new AnotherException();
16 |     }
17 | 
18 |     public function somethingElse()
19 |     {
20 |         throw new MyException();
21 |     }
22 | }
23 | 
24 | $a = new Foo();
25 | 
26 | try {
27 |     try {
28 |         $a->something();
29 |     } catch (AnotherException $e) {
30 |         $a->somethingElse();
31 |     } catch (MyException $e) {
32 |         print "Caught Exception";
33 |     }
34 | } catch (Exception $e) {
35 |     print "Didn't catch the Exception!";
36 | }
37 | 
38 | //Caso curioso:
39 | /*
40 | try {
41 |     throw new \Exception();
42 | } catch (\OdinException $e) {
43 | 
44 | } catch (\Exception $e) {
45 | 
46 | }
47 | */


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/questions_pack/4.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?php
2 | $a = 4 << 2 + 1;
3 | echo $a;


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/questions_pack/50.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | $array = [1 => 0, 2, 3, 4];
 4 | 
 5 | $count = count($array);
 6 | 
 7 | $slice = array_slice($array, 3);
 8 | 
 9 | $merge = array_merge(['x'], $slice);
10 | 
11 | array_splice($array, 3, $count, $merge);
12 | 
13 | var_dump($count, $slice, $merge);
14 | print_r($array);
15 | 
16 | $array = ['a' => 2, 'b' => 3, 'c' => 4];
17 | var_dump($array);
18 | array_splice($array, 1, 1);
19 | var_dump($array);
20 | 


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/strings/basics.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | // Resultado: Ha borrado C:\*.*?
 4 | echo 'Ha borrado C:\\*.*?' . "\r\n";
 5 | 
 6 | // Resultado: Ha borrado C:\*.*?
 7 | echo 'Ha borrado C:\*.*?' . "\r\n";
 8 | 
 9 | 
10 | //herecdoc
11 | $world = 'world';
12 | echo <<<EOT
13 | \r\n----- HERECDOC
14 | Recordad que el despuÈs del identificador de cierre tiene que
15 | haber como mÌnimo un salto de lÌnea.
16 | En la lÌnea del identificador de cierre no puede haber NADA excepto
17 | un punto y coma
18 | Hello $world
19 | 
20 | EOT;
21 | 
22 | echo <<<'NOWDOC'
23 | ----- NOWDOC
24 | ⁄til para escapar cÛdigo php
25 | <?php echo "Hello $world"; ?>
26 | -----
27 | 
28 | NOWDOC;
29 | 
30 | $jugos = ["manzana", "naranja", "koolaid1" => "p˙rpura"];
31 | echo "…l tomÛ algo de jugo $jugos[koolaid1]." . PHP_EOL;
32 | 
33 | $foo = ["bar" => "naranja"];
34 | echo "esto est· bien: " . $foo['bar'] . PHP_EOL;
35 | echo "esto est· bien: $foo[bar]" . PHP_EOL;
36 | // Esto no funciona por la misma razÛn que $foo[bar] es incorrecto fuera de un string.
37 | //echo "esto est· mal " . $foo[bar];
38 | 
39 | 
40 | /* SUBSTRING */
41 | echo "----------" .PHP_EOL;
42 | echo substr('abcdef', 1) . PHP_EOL;     // bcdef
43 | echo substr('abcdef', 1, 3) . PHP_EOL;  // bcd
44 | echo substr('abcdef', 0, 4) . PHP_EOL;  // abcd
45 | echo substr('abcdef', 0, 8) . PHP_EOL;  // abcdef
46 | echo substr('abcdef', -1, 1) . PHP_EOL; // f
47 | echo var_dump(substr('a', 1)) . PHP_EOL; //bool(false)
48 | 
49 | 
50 | 


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/test_questions/OOP/10.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | //Codigo original, faltan comas en el __get, sobra un espacio en el __set
 4 | 
 5 | class Magic
 6 | {
 7 |     public $a = "A";
 8 |     protected $b = ["a" => "A", "b" => "B", "c" => "C"];
 9 |     protected $c = [1, 2, 3];
10 | 
11 |     public function __get($v)
12 |     {
13 |         echo "$v";
14 |         return $this->b[$v];
15 |     }
16 | 
17 |     public function __set($var, $val)
18 |     {
19 |         echo "$var:$val,";
20 |         $this->$var = $val;
21 |     }
22 | }
23 | $m = new Magic();
24 | echo $m->a.",".$m->b.",".$m->c.",";
25 | $m->c = "CC";
26 | echo $m->a.",".$m->b.",".$m->c;
27 | 
28 | 
29 | //bcA,B,C,c:CC,bcA,B,C


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/test_questions/OOP/10b.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | //Codigo corregido para que sea la respuesta B. Locura de pregunta
 4 | 
 5 | class Magic
 6 | {
 7 |     public $a = "A";
 8 |     protected $b = ["a" => "A", "b" => "B", "c" => "C"];
 9 |     protected $c = [1, 2, 3];
10 | 
11 |     public function __get($v)
12 |     {
13 |         echo "$v,";
14 |         return $this->b[$v];
15 |     }
16 | 
17 |     public function __set($var, $val)
18 |     {
19 |         echo "$var:$val,";
20 |         $this->$var = $val;
21 |     }
22 | }
23 | $m = new Magic();
24 | echo $m->a.",".$m->b.",".$m->c.",";
25 | $m->c = "CC";
26 | echo $m->a.",".$m->b.",".$m->c;
27 | 
28 | 
29 | //b,c,A,B,C,c:CC,b,c,A,B,C


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/test_questions/basics/empty_and_constants.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | /*
 4 | Este código no funciona, da syntax error, ya que EMPTY (case insensitive) es una
 5 | función de PHP y espera apertura de paréntesis y parámetros.
 6 | 
 7 | Para que este código funcionara, podríamos:
 8 |  1 - Cambiar la constante EMPTY de nombre. Ej.: EMPTY_STRING
 9 |  2 - Usar la función constant() para obtener el valor de empty. Ej.: constant('EMPTY')
10 | */
11 | 
12 | define('CONSTANT', 1);
13 | define('_CONSTANT', 0);
14 | 
15 | define('EMPTY', '');
16 | 
17 | if (!empty(EMPTY)) {
18 |     if (!((boolean) _CONSTANT)) {
19 |         print 'One';
20 |     }
21 | }
22 | else if (constant('CONSTANT') == 1) {
23 |     print 'Two';
24 | }
25 | 


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/test_questions/datatypes/xml/question1.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/question1.xml';
4 | 
5 | $xml = simplexml_load_file($path);
6 | echo $xml->leaf;


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/test_questions/datatypes/xml/question1.xml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 | <node>
 3 |     <?var type="String"?>
 4 |     <leaf>Value</leaf>
 5 | </node>
 6 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 7 | <node>
 8 |     <?var type="String"?>
 9 |     <leaf>Value</leaf>
10 | </node>


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/test_questions/datatypes/xml/question1_corrected.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?php
2 | 
3 | $path = __DIR__ . '/question1_corrected.xml';
4 | 
5 | $xml = simplexml_load_file($path);
6 | echo $xml->leaf;


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/datatypes/xml/question1_corrected.xml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 | <node>
3 |     <?var type="String"?>
4 |     <leaf>Value</leaf>
5 | </node>


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/test_questions/functions/1.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function addValues()
 4 | {
 5 |     $sum = 0;
 6 |     for ($i = 1; $i <= func_num_args(); $i++) {
 7 |         $sum += func_get_arg($i);
 8 |     }
 9 | 
10 |     return $sum;
11 | }
12 | 
13 | echo addValues(1, 2, 3);


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/functions/2.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function myFunction($a)
 4 | {
 5 |     $a++;
 6 | }
 7 | $b = 1;
 8 | myFunction(&$b);
 9 | 
10 | echo $b;


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/test_questions/functions/3.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | $v1 = 1;
 3 | $v2 = 2;
 4 | $v3 = 3;
 5 | function myFunction() {
 6 |     $GLOBALS['v1'] *= 2;
 7 |     $v2 *= 2;
 8 |     global $v3; $v3 *= 2;
 9 | }
10 | myFunction();
11 | echo "$v1$v2$v3";
12 | 
13 | var_dump($GLOBALS);


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/test_questions/functions/4.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function preIncrement ($a) {
 4 |     return ++$a;
 5 | }
 6 | 
 7 | function postIncrement ($a) {
 8 |     return $a++;
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | echo preIncrement(1);
12 | 
13 | echo postIncrement(1);


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/test_questions/functions/4b.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimmyoak/php-curiosities/42efce1ba0e51e1b08bba23e2883b24c31cdfa4f/test_questions/functions/4b.php


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/functions/5.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | function func($x, $x = 1, $x = 2)
 4 | {
 5 |     var_dump(func_num_args(), func_get_args());
 6 |     return $x;
 7 | }
 8 | 
 9 | print func(3);
10 | 
11 | /*
12 | 
13 | You can use variable-length argument lists even if
14 | you do specify arguments in the function header.
15 | However, this won?t affect the way the variable-length
16 | argument list functions behave?for example, func_num_args()
17 | will still return the total number of arguments passed to
18 | your function, both declared and anonymous.
19 | 
20 |  */
21 | 
22 | function x($a,$b,$c,$d) {
23 |     var_dump(func_num_args());
24 | }
25 | 
26 | x(1,23,4,5,6,7,8,9,76,5,4,6);


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/functions/6.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | <?php
2 | //Named functions cannot be assigned to variable
3 | $x = function func($a, $b, $c) {
4 |     print "$c|$b|$a\n";
5 | };
6 | 
7 | print $x(1, 2, 3);
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/objects/11.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | class Magic {
 4 |     public $a = 'A';
 5 |     protected $b = ['a' => 'A', 'b' => 'B', 'c' => 'C'];
 6 |     protected $c = [1,2,3];
 7 | 
 8 |     public function __get($v)
 9 |     {
10 |         echo "$v,";
11 |         return $this->b[$v];
12 |     }
13 | 
14 |     public function __set($var, $val)
15 |     {
16 |         echo "$var: $val,";
17 |         $this->$var = $val;
18 |     }
19 | }
20 | 
21 | $m = new Magic();
22 | echo $m->a.','.$m->b.','.$m->c.',';
23 | $m->c = 'CC';
24 | echo $m->a.','.$m->b.','.$m->c;


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/objects/2.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | interface i1 {
 4 |     public function a();
 5 |     public function b();
 6 | }
 7 | interface i2 {
 8 |     public function a();
 9 |     public function c();
10 | }
11 | 
12 | class AAAA implements i1, i2 {
13 |     public function a() {
14 |         echo __METHOD__;
15 |     }
16 |     public function b() {
17 |         echo __METHOD__;
18 |     }
19 |     public function c() {
20 |         echo __METHOD__;
21 |     }
22 | }
23 | 
24 | $a = new AAAA();
25 | $a->a();
26 | 
27 | //It works on 5.5, Fuck you 5.3


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test_questions/objects/3.php:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?php
 2 | 
 3 | abstract class myBaseClass {
 4 |     abstract protected function doSomething();
 5 |     function threeDots() {
 6 |         return '...';
 7 |     }
 8 | }
 9 | 
10 | class myClassA extends myBaseClass {
11 |     protected function doSomething() {
12 |         echo $this->threeDots();
13 |     }
14 | }
15 | 
16 | $a = new myClassA();
17 | $a->doSomething();


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------