├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── apt └── README.md ├── cat └── README.md ├── cd └── README.md ├── cp └── README.md ├── find └── README.md ├── git └── README.md ├── grep └── README.md ├── kill └── README.md ├── ls └── README.md ├── mkdir └── README.md ├── mv └── README.md ├── pwd └── README.md ├── rm └── README.md ├── rmdir └── README.md ├── sudo └── README.md └── touch └── README.md /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | MIT License 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2021 Jishan Shaikh 4 | 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 11 | 12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 14 | 15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 21 | SOFTWARE. 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # everything-linux 2 | Scripts, tutorials, and solutions for everyday linux usage 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /apt/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: apt [options] command 2 | 3 | apt is a commandline package manager and provides commands for 4 | searching and managing as well as querying information about packages. 5 | It provides the same functionality as the specialized APT tools, 6 | like apt-get and apt-cache, but enables options more suitable for 7 | interactive use by default. 8 | 9 | Most used commands: 10 | list - list packages based on package names 11 | search - search in package descriptions 12 | show - show package details 13 | install - install packages 14 | reinstall - reinstall packages 15 | remove - remove packages 16 | autoremove - Remove automatically all unused packages 17 | update - update list of available packages 18 | upgrade - upgrade the system by installing/upgrading packages 19 | full-upgrade - upgrade the system by removing/installing/upgrading packages 20 | edit-sources - edit the source information file 21 | satisfy - satisfy dependency strings 22 | 23 | See apt(8) for more information about the available commands. 24 | Configuration options and syntax is detailed in apt.conf(5). 25 | Information about how to configure sources can be found in sources.list(5). 26 | Package and version choices can be expressed via apt_preferences(5). 27 | Security details are available in apt-secure(8). 28 | This APT has Super Cow Powers. 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /cat/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]... 2 | Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output. 3 | 4 | With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. 5 | 6 | -A, --show-all equivalent to -vET 7 | -b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines, overrides -n 8 | -e equivalent to -vE 9 | -E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line 10 | -n, --number number all output lines 11 | -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines 12 | -t equivalent to -vT 13 | -T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I 14 | -u (ignored) 15 | -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB 16 | --help display this help and exit 17 | --version output version information and exit 18 | 19 | Examples: 20 | cat f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents. 21 | cat Copy standard input to standard output. 22 | 23 | GNU coreutils online help: 24 | Report any translation bugs to 25 | Full documentation 26 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation' 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /cd/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] 2 | Change the shell working directory. 3 | 4 | Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the 5 | HOME shell variable. 6 | 7 | The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing 8 | DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). 9 | A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins 10 | with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. 11 | 12 | If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set, 13 | the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value, 14 | its value is used for DIR. 15 | 16 | Options: 17 | -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic 18 | links in DIR after processing instances of `..' 19 | -P use the physical directory structure without following 20 | symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before 21 | processing instances of `..' 22 | -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working 23 | directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with 24 | a non-zero status 25 | -@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended 26 | attributes as a directory containing the file attributes 27 | 28 | The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified. 29 | `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component 30 | back to a slash or the beginning of DIR. 31 | 32 | Exit Status: 33 | Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when 34 | -P is used; non-zero otherwise. 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /cp/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST 2 | or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY 3 | or: cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE... 4 | Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. 5 | 6 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 7 | -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all 8 | --attributes-only don't copy the file data, just the attributes 9 | --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file 10 | -b like --backup but does not accept an argument 11 | --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive 12 | -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links 13 | -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be 14 | opened, remove it and try again (this option 15 | is ignored when the -n option is also used) 16 | -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n 17 | option) 18 | -H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE 19 | -l, --link hard link files instead of copying 20 | -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE 21 | -n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides 22 | a previous -i option) 23 | -P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE 24 | -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps 25 | --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default: 26 | mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible 27 | additional attributes: context, links, xattr, 28 | all 29 | --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes 30 | --parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY 31 | -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively 32 | --reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below 33 | --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before 34 | attempting to open it (contrast with --force) 35 | --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below 36 | --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE 37 | argument 38 | -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying 39 | -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix 40 | -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY 41 | -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file 42 | -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer 43 | than the destination file or when the 44 | destination file is missing 45 | -v, --verbose explain what is being done 46 | -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system 47 | -Z set SELinux security context of destination 48 | file to default type 49 | --context[=CTX] like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the 50 | SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX 51 | --help display this help and exit 52 | --version output version information and exit 53 | 54 | By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the 55 | corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior 56 | selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST 57 | file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes. 58 | Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files. 59 | 60 | When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the 61 | data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy 62 | fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy. 63 | Use --reflink=never to ensure a standard copy is performed. 64 | 65 | The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. 66 | The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through 67 | the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values: 68 | 69 | none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given) 70 | numbered, t make numbered backups 71 | existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise 72 | simple, never always make simple backups 73 | 74 | As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup 75 | options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing, 76 | regular file. 77 | 78 | GNU coreutils online help: 79 | Report any translation bugs to 80 | Full documentation 81 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cp invocation' 82 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /find/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D debugopts] [path...] [expression] 2 | 3 | default path is the current directory; default expression is -print 4 | expression may consist of: operators, options, tests, and actions: 5 | operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given): 6 | ( EXPR ) ! EXPR -not EXPR EXPR1 -a EXPR2 EXPR1 -and EXPR2 7 | EXPR1 -o EXPR2 EXPR1 -or EXPR2 EXPR1 , EXPR2 8 | positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype 9 | 10 | normal options (always true, specified before other expressions): 11 | -depth --help -maxdepth LEVELS -mindepth LEVELS -mount -noleaf 12 | --version -xdev -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race 13 | tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N 14 | -cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME 15 | -ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN 16 | -links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE 17 | -nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [-/]MODE -regex PATTERN 18 | -readable -writable -executable 19 | -wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N 20 | -used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls] -context CONTEXT 21 | 22 | actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print 23 | -fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit 24 | -exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ; 25 | -execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ; 26 | 27 | Valid arguments for -D: 28 | exec, opt, rates, search, stat, time, tree, all, help 29 | Use '-D help' for a description of the options, or see find(1) 30 | 31 | Please see also the documentation at http://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/. 32 | You can report (and track progress on fixing) bugs in the "find" 33 | program via the GNU findutils bug-reporting page at 34 | https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=findutils or, if 35 | you have no web access, by sending email to . 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /git/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C ] [-c =] 2 | [--exec-path[=]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] 3 | [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] 4 | [--git-dir=] [--work-tree=] [--namespace=] 5 | [] 6 | 7 | These are common Git commands used in various situations: 8 | 9 | start a working area (see also: git help tutorial) 10 | clone Clone a repository into a new directory 11 | init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one 12 | 13 | work on the current change (see also: git help everyday) 14 | add Add file contents to the index 15 | mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink 16 | restore Restore working tree files 17 | rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index 18 | sparse-checkout Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout 19 | 20 | examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions) 21 | bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug 22 | diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc 23 | grep Print lines matching a pattern 24 | log Show commit logs 25 | show Show various types of objects 26 | status Show the working tree status 27 | 28 | grow, mark and tweak your common history 29 | branch List, create, or delete branches 30 | commit Record changes to the repository 31 | merge Join two or more development histories together 32 | rebase Reapply commits on top of another base tip 33 | reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state 34 | switch Switch branches 35 | tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG 36 | 37 | collaborate (see also: git help workflows) 38 | fetch Download objects and refs from another repository 39 | pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch 40 | push Update remote refs along with associated objects 41 | 42 | 'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some 43 | concept guides. See 'git help ' or 'git help ' 44 | to read about a specific subcommand or concept. 45 | See 'git help git' for an overview of the system. 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /grep/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERNS [FILE]... 2 | Search for PATTERNS in each FILE. 3 | Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c 4 | PATTERNS can contain multiple patterns separated by newlines. 5 | 6 | Pattern selection and interpretation: 7 | -E, --extended-regexp PATTERNS are extended regular expressions 8 | -F, --fixed-strings PATTERNS are strings 9 | -G, --basic-regexp PATTERNS are basic regular expressions 10 | -P, --perl-regexp PATTERNS are Perl regular expressions 11 | -e, --regexp=PATTERNS use PATTERNS for matching 12 | -f, --file=FILE take PATTERNS from FILE 13 | -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions in patterns and data 14 | --no-ignore-case do not ignore case distinctions (default) 15 | -w, --word-regexp match only whole words 16 | -x, --line-regexp match only whole lines 17 | -z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline 18 | 19 | Miscellaneous: 20 | -s, --no-messages suppress error messages 21 | -v, --invert-match select non-matching lines 22 | -V, --version display version information and exit 23 | --help display this help text and exit 24 | 25 | Output control: 26 | -m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM selected lines 27 | -b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines 28 | -n, --line-number print line number with output lines 29 | --line-buffered flush output on every line 30 | -H, --with-filename print file name with output lines 31 | -h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output 32 | --label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix 33 | -o, --only-matching show only nonempty parts of lines that match 34 | -q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output 35 | --binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE; 36 | TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match' 37 | -a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text 38 | -I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match 39 | -d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories; 40 | ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip' 41 | -D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets; 42 | ACTION is 'read' or 'skip' 43 | -r, --recursive like --directories=recurse 44 | -R, --dereference-recursive likewise, but follow all symlinks 45 | --include=GLOB search only files that match GLOB (a file pattern) 46 | --exclude=GLOB skip files that match GLOB 47 | --exclude-from=FILE skip files that match any file pattern from FILE 48 | --exclude-dir=GLOB skip directories that match GLOB 49 | -L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs with no selected lines 50 | -l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs with selected lines 51 | -c, --count print only a count of selected lines per FILE 52 | -T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed) 53 | -Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name 54 | 55 | Context control: 56 | -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context 57 | -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context 58 | -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context 59 | -NUM same as --context=NUM 60 | --color[=WHEN], 61 | --colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings; 62 | WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto' 63 | -U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows) 64 | 65 | When FILE is '-', read standard input. With no FILE, read '.' if 66 | recursive, '-' otherwise. With fewer than two FILEs, assume -h. 67 | Exit status is 0 if any line (or file if -L) is selected, 1 otherwise; 68 | if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2. 69 | 70 | Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org 71 | GNU grep home page: 72 | General help using GNU software: 73 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kill/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kill: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec] 2 | Send a signal to a job. 3 | 4 | Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by 5 | SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then 6 | SIGTERM is assumed. 7 | 8 | Options: 9 | -s sig SIG is a signal name 10 | -n sig SIG is a signal number 11 | -l list the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are 12 | assumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed 13 | -L synonym for -l 14 | 15 | Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used 16 | instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit 17 | on processes that you can create is reached. 18 | 19 | Exit Status: 20 | Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ls/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... 2 | List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). 3 | Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. 4 | 5 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 6 | -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . 7 | -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. 8 | --author with -l, print the author of each file 9 | -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters 10 | --block-size=SIZE with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; 11 | e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below 12 | -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ 13 | -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last 14 | modification of file status information); 15 | with -l: show ctime and sort by name; 16 | otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first 17 | -C list entries by columns 18 | --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default 19 | if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below 20 | -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents 21 | -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode 22 | -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color 23 | -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries 24 | --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' 25 | --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, 26 | single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C 27 | --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso 28 | -g like -l, but do not list owner 29 | --group-directories-first 30 | group directories before files; 31 | can be augmented with a --sort option, but any 32 | use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping 33 | -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names 34 | -h, --human-readable with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc. 35 | --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 36 | -H, --dereference-command-line 37 | follow symbolic links listed on the command line 38 | --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir 39 | follow each command line symbolic link 40 | that points to a directory 41 | --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN 42 | (overridden by -a or -A) 43 | --hyperlink[=WHEN] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always' 44 | (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never' 45 | --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: 46 | none (default), slash (-p), 47 | file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) 48 | -i, --inode print the index number of each file 49 | -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN 50 | -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage; 51 | used only with -s and per directory totals 52 | -l use a long listing format 53 | -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic 54 | link, show information for the file the link 55 | references rather than for the link itself 56 | -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries 57 | -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs 58 | -N, --literal print entry names without quoting 59 | -o like -l, but do not list group information 60 | -p, --indicator-style=slash 61 | append / indicator to directories 62 | -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters 63 | --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, 64 | unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) 65 | -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes 66 | --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: 67 | literal, locale, shell, shell-always, 68 | shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape 69 | (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable) 70 | -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting 71 | -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively 72 | -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks 73 | -S sort by file size, largest first 74 | --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), 75 | time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X) 76 | --time=WORD change the default of using modification times; 77 | access time (-u): atime, access, use; 78 | change time (-c): ctime, status; 79 | birth time: birth, creation; 80 | with -l, WORD determines which time to show; 81 | with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first) 82 | --time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below 83 | -t sort by time, newest first; see --time 84 | -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 85 | -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; 86 | with -l: show access time and sort by name; 87 | otherwise: sort by access time, newest first 88 | -U do not sort; list entries in directory order 89 | -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text 90 | -w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit 91 | -x list entries by lines instead of by columns 92 | -X sort alphabetically by entry extension 93 | -Z, --context print any security context of each file 94 | -1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b 95 | --help display this help and exit 96 | --version output version information and exit 97 | 98 | The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). 99 | Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). 100 | Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on. 101 | 102 | The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT. 103 | FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, 104 | then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files. 105 | TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale. 106 | Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use. 107 | 108 | Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and 109 | with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when 110 | standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment 111 | variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it. 112 | 113 | Exit status: 114 | 0 if OK, 115 | 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), 116 | 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument). 117 | 118 | GNU coreutils online help: 119 | Report any translation bugs to 120 | Full documentation 121 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation' 122 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /mkdir/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... 2 | Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. 3 | 4 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 5 | -m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask 6 | -p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed 7 | -v, --verbose print a message for each created directory 8 | -Z set SELinux security context of each created directory 9 | to the default type 10 | --context[=CTX] like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux 11 | or SMACK security context to CTX 12 | --help display this help and exit 13 | --version output version information and exit 14 | 15 | GNU coreutils online help: 16 | Report any translation bugs to 17 | Full documentation 18 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) mkdir invocation' 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /mv/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST 2 | or: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY 3 | or: mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE... 4 | Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. 5 | 6 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 7 | --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file 8 | -b like --backup but does not accept an argument 9 | -f, --force do not prompt before overwriting 10 | -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite 11 | -n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file 12 | If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect. 13 | --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE 14 | argument 15 | -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix 16 | -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY 17 | -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file 18 | -u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer 19 | than the destination file or when the 20 | destination file is missing 21 | -v, --verbose explain what is being done 22 | -Z, --context set SELinux security context of destination 23 | file to default type 24 | --help display this help and exit 25 | --version output version information and exit 26 | 27 | The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. 28 | The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through 29 | the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values: 30 | 31 | none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given) 32 | numbered, t make numbered backups 33 | existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise 34 | simple, never always make simple backups 35 | 36 | GNU coreutils online help: 37 | Report any translation bugs to 38 | Full documentation 39 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) mv invocation' 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pwd/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pwd: pwd [-LP] 2 | Print the name of the current working directory. 3 | 4 | Options: 5 | -L print the value of $PWD if it names the current working 6 | directory 7 | -P print the physical directory, without any symbolic links 8 | 9 | By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified. 10 | 11 | Exit Status: 12 | Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory 13 | cannot be read. 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /rm/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: rm [OPTION]... [FILE]... 2 | Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). 3 | 4 | -f, --force ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt 5 | -i prompt before every removal 6 | -I prompt once before removing more than three files, or 7 | when removing recursively; less intrusive than -i, 8 | while still giving protection against most mistakes 9 | --interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or 10 | always (-i); without WHEN, prompt always 11 | --one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any 12 | directory that is on a file system different from 13 | that of the corresponding command line argument 14 | --no-preserve-root do not treat '/' specially 15 | --preserve-root[=all] do not remove '/' (default); 16 | with 'all', reject any command line argument 17 | on a separate device from its parent 18 | -r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively 19 | -d, --dir remove empty directories 20 | -v, --verbose explain what is being done 21 | --help display this help and exit 22 | --version output version information and exit 23 | 24 | By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R) 25 | option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents. 26 | 27 | To remove a file whose name starts with a '-', for example '-foo', 28 | use one of these commands: 29 | rm -- -foo 30 | 31 | rm ./-foo 32 | 33 | Note that if you use rm to remove a file, it might be possible to recover 34 | some of its contents, given sufficient expertise and/or time. For greater 35 | assurance that the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using shred. 36 | 37 | GNU coreutils online help: 38 | Report any translation bugs to 39 | Full documentation 40 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) rm invocation' 41 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /rmdir/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... 2 | Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. 3 | 4 | --ignore-fail-on-non-empty 5 | ignore each failure that is solely because a directory 6 | is non-empty 7 | -p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., 'rmdir -p a/b/c' is 8 | similar to 'rmdir a/b/c a/b a' 9 | -v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed 10 | --help display this help and exit 11 | --version output version information and exit 12 | 13 | GNU coreutils online help: 14 | Report any translation bugs to 15 | Full documentation 16 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) rmdir invocation' 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sudo/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | sudo - execute a command as another user 2 | 3 | usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V 4 | usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user] 5 | usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user] [command] 6 | usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] 7 | [] 8 | usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] file ... 9 | 10 | Options: 11 | -A, --askpass use a helper program for password prompting 12 | -b, --background run command in the background 13 | -B, --bell ring bell when prompting 14 | -C, --close-from=num close all file descriptors >= num 15 | -E, --preserve-env preserve user environment when running command 16 | --preserve-env=list preserve specific environment variables 17 | -e, --edit edit files instead of running a command 18 | -g, --group=group run command as the specified group name or ID 19 | -H, --set-home set HOME variable to target user's home dir 20 | -h, --help display help message and exit 21 | -h, --host=host run command on host (if supported by plugin) 22 | -i, --login run login shell as the target user; a command may also be specified 23 | -K, --remove-timestamp remove timestamp file completely 24 | -k, --reset-timestamp invalidate timestamp file 25 | -l, --list list user's privileges or check a specific command; use twice for longer format 26 | -n, --non-interactive non-interactive mode, no prompts are used 27 | -P, --preserve-groups preserve group vector instead of setting to target's 28 | -p, --prompt=prompt use the specified password prompt 29 | -r, --role=role create SELinux security context with specified role 30 | -S, --stdin read password from standard input 31 | -s, --shell run shell as the target user; a command may also be specified 32 | -t, --type=type create SELinux security context with specified type 33 | -T, --command-timeout=timeout terminate command after the specified time limit 34 | -U, --other-user=user in list mode, display privileges for user 35 | -u, --user=user run command (or edit file) as specified user name or ID 36 | -V, --version display version information and exit 37 | -v, --validate update user's timestamp without running a command 38 | -- stop processing command line arguments 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /touch/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Usage: touch [OPTION]... FILE... 2 | Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. 3 | 4 | A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h 5 | is supplied. 6 | 7 | A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to 8 | change the times of the file associated with standard output. 9 | 10 | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 11 | -a change only the access time 12 | -c, --no-create do not create any files 13 | -d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time 14 | -f (ignored) 15 | -h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced 16 | file (useful only on systems that can change the 17 | timestamps of a symlink) 18 | -m change only the modification time 19 | -r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time 20 | -t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time 21 | --time=WORD change the specified time: 22 | WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a 23 | WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m 24 | --help display this help and exit 25 | --version output version information and exit 26 | 27 | Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats. 28 | 29 | GNU coreutils online help: 30 | Report any translation bugs to 31 | Full documentation 32 | or available locally via: info '(coreutils) touch invocation' 33 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------