├── .github ├── .gitignore └── workflows │ └── pkgdown.yaml ├── vignettes ├── .gitignore └── functions.Rmd ├── _pkgdown.yml ├── .gitignore ├── .Rbuildignore ├── R ├── utils.R ├── subset.R ├── vec.R ├── replace.R └── rotate.R ├── NAMESPACE ├── DESCRIPTION ├── man └── rotate.Rd ├── README.md ├── README.Rmd └── LICENSE.md /.github/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *.html 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /vignettes/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *.html 2 | *.R 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_pkgdown.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | url: https://jonocarroll.github.io/vec/ 2 | template: 3 | bootstrap: 5 4 | 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .Rproj.user 2 | .Rhistory 3 | .RData 4 | .Ruserdata 5 | inst/doc 6 | vec.Rproj 7 | docs 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.Rbuildignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ^.*\.Rproj$ 2 | ^\.Rproj\.user$ 3 | ^README\.Rmd$ 4 | ^LICENSE\.md$ 5 | ^_pkgdown\.yml$ 6 | ^docs$ 7 | ^pkgdown$ 8 | ^\.github$ 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /R/utils.R: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #' @export 2 | is_divisible_by <- function(a, n) { 3 | a %% n == 0 4 | } 5 | 6 | #' @export 7 | is_even <- function(a) { 8 | is_divisible_by(a, 2) 9 | } 10 | 11 | #' @export 12 | is_odd <- function(a) { 13 | !is_even(a) 14 | } 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /NAMESPACE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand 2 | 3 | S3method("[",vec) 4 | S3method("[.vec","function") 5 | S3method("[.vec",default) 6 | S3method("[.vec",formula) 7 | S3method("[<-",vec) 8 | S3method("[<-.vec","function") 9 | S3method("[<-.vec",default) 10 | S3method("[<-.vec",formula) 11 | S3method(format,vec) 12 | S3method(print,vec) 13 | S3method(rotate,default) 14 | S3method(rotate,vec) 15 | export(as_vec) 16 | export(is_divisible_by) 17 | export(is_even) 18 | export(is_odd) 19 | export(is_vec) 20 | export(rotate) 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /R/subset.R: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #' @export 2 | #' @method [ vec 3 | `[.vec` <- function(x, i, ...) { 4 | UseMethod("[.vec", i) 5 | } 6 | 7 | #' @export 8 | #' @method [.vec default 9 | `[.vec.default` <- function(x, i, ...) { 10 | x <- strip_vec(x) 11 | as_vec(x[i]) 12 | } 13 | 14 | #' @export 15 | #' @method [.vec function 16 | `[.vec.function` <- function(x, i, ...) { 17 | x <- strip_vec(x) 18 | as_vec(x[i(x, ...)]) 19 | } 20 | 21 | #' @export 22 | #' @method [.vec formula 23 | `[.vec.formula` <- function(x, i, ...) { 24 | f <- rlang::as_function(i) 25 | as_vec(x[f, ...]) 26 | } 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /R/vec.R: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #' @export 2 | is_vec <- function(x) { 3 | inherits(x, "vec") 4 | } 5 | 6 | #' @keywords internal 7 | is_vec_like <- function(x) { 8 | is_vec(x) | is.vector(x) 9 | } 10 | 11 | #' @export 12 | as_vec <- function(x) { 13 | class(x) <- c("vec", class(x)) 14 | x 15 | } 16 | 17 | #' @keywords internal 18 | strip_vec <- function(x) { 19 | class(x) <- setdiff(class(x), "vec") 20 | x 21 | } 22 | 23 | #' @export 24 | format.vec <- function(x, ...) { 25 | format(strip_vec(x)) 26 | } 27 | 28 | #' @export 29 | print.vec <- function(x, ...) { 30 | print(strip_vec(x)) 31 | } 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /R/replace.R: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #' @export 2 | #' @method [<- vec 3 | `[<-.vec` <- function(x, i, value, ...) { 4 | UseMethod("[<-.vec", i) 5 | } 6 | 7 | #' @export 8 | #' @method [<-.vec default 9 | `[<-.vec.default` <- function(x, i, value, ...) { 10 | x <- strip_vec(x) 11 | x[i] <- value 12 | as_vec(x) 13 | } 14 | 15 | #' @export 16 | #' @method [<-.vec function 17 | `[<-.vec.function` <- function(x, i, value, ...) { 18 | x <- strip_vec(x) 19 | x[i(x, ...)] <- value 20 | as_vec(x) 21 | } 22 | 23 | #' @export 24 | #' @method [<-.vec formula 25 | `[<-.vec.formula` <- function(x, i, value, ...) { 26 | f <- rlang::as_function(i) 27 | as_vec(x[f, ...]) 28 | } 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /DESCRIPTION: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Package: vec 2 | Type: Package 3 | Title: A New Vector Class With Added Functionality 4 | Version: 0.1.0 5 | Authors@R: c( 6 | person("Jonathan", "Carroll", email = "rpkg@jcarroll.com.au", role = c("aut", "cre"), comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-1404-5264")) 7 | ) 8 | Description: Adds new functionality such as subsetting and replacing 9 | with a function or formula, and rotating vectors. Experimental. 10 | License: GPL (>= 3) 11 | Encoding: UTF-8 12 | LazyData: true 13 | RoxygenNote: 7.2.3 14 | Suggests: 15 | knitr, 16 | rmarkdown 17 | VignetteBuilder: knitr 18 | URL: https://github.com/jonocarroll/vec, https://jonocarroll.github.io/vec/ 19 | BugReports: https://github.com/jonocarroll/vec/issues 20 | Imports: 21 | rlang 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /man/rotate.Rd: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | % Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand 2 | % Please edit documentation in R/rotate.R 3 | \name{rotate} 4 | \alias{rotate} 5 | \title{Rotate an Object in a Cycle} 6 | \usage{ 7 | rotate(x, n, ...) 8 | } 9 | \arguments{ 10 | \item{x}{object to be rotated.} 11 | 12 | \item{n}{number of positions to rotate (left); negative to rotate right.} 13 | 14 | \item{...}{passed to methods.} 15 | } 16 | \value{ 17 | a new object with elements shifted left by `n` positions 18 | } 19 | \description{ 20 | Shift the elements of a an object to the left, cycling elements to the 21 | end of the object as they are removed from the start. Negative values 22 | shift to the right. 23 | } 24 | \examples{ 25 | rotate(LETTERS[1:5]) 26 | rotate(LETTERS[1:5], 2) 27 | rotate(LETTERS[1:5], -1) 28 | } 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /R/rotate.R: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #' Rotate an Object in a Cycle 2 | #' 3 | #' Shift the elements of a an object to the left, cycling elements to the 4 | #' end of the object as they are removed from the start. Negative values 5 | #' shift to the right. 6 | #' 7 | #' @param x object to be rotated. 8 | #' @param n number of positions to rotate (left); negative to rotate right. 9 | #' @param ... passed to methods. 10 | #' 11 | #' @return a new object with elements shifted left by `n` positions 12 | #' @export 13 | #' 14 | #' @examples 15 | #' rotate(LETTERS[1:5]) 16 | #' rotate(LETTERS[1:5], 2) 17 | #' rotate(LETTERS[1:5], -1) 18 | rotate <- function(x, n, ...) { 19 | UseMethod("rotate") 20 | } 21 | 22 | #' @export 23 | rotate.default <- function(x, n = 1, ...) { 24 | stopifnot( 25 | "x should be a vector" = is.vector(x), 26 | "n should be a number" = is.numeric(n) 27 | ) 28 | v <- (((n - 1 + seq_along(x)) %% length(x))) + 1 29 | x[v] 30 | } 31 | 32 | #' @export 33 | rotate.vec <- function(x, n = 1, ...) { 34 | as_vec(rotate.default(strip_vec(x), n, ...)) 35 | } 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/pkgdown.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Workflow derived from https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/examples 2 | # Need help debugging build failures? Start at https://github.com/r-lib/actions#where-to-find-help 3 | on: 4 | push: 5 | branches: [main, master] 6 | pull_request: 7 | branches: [main, master] 8 | release: 9 | types: [published] 10 | workflow_dispatch: 11 | 12 | name: pkgdown.yaml 13 | 14 | permissions: read-all 15 | 16 | jobs: 17 | pkgdown: 18 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 19 | # Only restrict concurrency for non-PR jobs 20 | concurrency: 21 | group: pkgdown-${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.run_id }} 22 | env: 23 | GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 24 | permissions: 25 | contents: write 26 | steps: 27 | - uses: actions/checkout@v4 28 | 29 | - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2 30 | 31 | - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2 32 | with: 33 | use-public-rspm: true 34 | 35 | - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2 36 | with: 37 | extra-packages: any::pkgdown, local::. 38 | needs: website 39 | 40 | - name: Build site 41 | run: pkgdown::build_site_github_pages(new_process = FALSE, install = FALSE) 42 | shell: Rscript {0} 43 | 44 | - name: Deploy to GitHub pages 🚀 45 | if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' 46 | uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@v4.5.0 47 | with: 48 | clean: false 49 | branch: gh-pages 50 | folder: docs 51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | # vec 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | [![Lifecycle: 9 | experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/lifecycle-experimental-orange.svg)](https://lifecycle.r-lib.org/articles/stages.html#experimental) 10 | 11 | 12 | The goal of vec is to reinvent the “vector” class with new and improved 13 | functionality. 14 | 15 | ## Installation 16 | 17 | You can install the development version of {vec} like so: 18 | 19 | ``` r 20 | # install.packages("remotes") 21 | remotes::install_github("jonocarroll/vec") 22 | ``` 23 | 24 | ## Examples 25 | 26 | {vec} provides a new class extending R’s atomic vectors which enables 27 | some new functionality. 28 | 29 | ``` r 30 | library(vec) 31 | ``` 32 | 33 | ### Subsetting via Functions 34 | 35 | Along with some built-in vector operations such as `is_even()`, {vec} 36 | enables subsetting with a function or formula, and in-place replacements 37 | with the same 38 | 39 | ``` r 40 | x <- as_vec(1:10) 41 | x 42 | #> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 43 | 44 | x[~is_even(.)] 45 | #> [1] 2 4 6 8 10 46 | 47 | x[is_even] 48 | #> [1] 2 4 6 8 10 49 | 50 | x[is_even] <- 0 51 | x 52 | #> [1] 1 0 3 0 5 0 7 0 9 0 53 | ``` 54 | 55 | See the 56 | [vignette](https://jonocarroll.github.io/vec/articles/functions.html) 57 | for more details. 58 | 59 | ### Rotating 60 | 61 | While not specific to {vec}, this package provides a ring-buffer-like 62 | function which rotates a vector through `n` positions 63 | 64 | ``` r 65 | x <- as_vec(1:5) 66 | x 67 | #> [1] 1 2 3 4 5 68 | 69 | rotate(x, n = 1) 70 | #> [1] 2 3 4 5 1 71 | rotate(x, n = 2) 72 | #> [1] 3 4 5 1 2 73 | rotate(x, n = -1) 74 | #> [1] 5 1 2 3 4 75 | ``` 76 | 77 | ## Other Use Cases 78 | 79 | I’m interested in what else a new vector class could bring to R. Add an 80 | [Issue](https://github.com/jonocarroll/vec) if you can think of one! 81 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.Rmd: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | output: github_document 3 | --- 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ```{r, include = FALSE} 8 | knitr::opts_chunk$set( 9 | collapse = TRUE, 10 | comment = "#>", 11 | fig.path = "man/figures/README-", 12 | out.width = "100%" 13 | ) 14 | ``` 15 | 16 | # vec 17 | 18 | 19 | [![Lifecycle: experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/lifecycle-experimental-orange.svg)](https://lifecycle.r-lib.org/articles/stages.html#experimental) 20 | 21 | 22 | The goal of vec is to reinvent the "vector" class with new and improved 23 | functionality. 24 | 25 | ## Installation 26 | 27 | You can install the development version of {vec} like so: 28 | 29 | ``` r 30 | # install.packages("remotes") 31 | remotes::install_github("jonocarroll/vec") 32 | ``` 33 | 34 | ## Examples 35 | 36 | {vec} provides a new class extending R's atomic vectors which enables some new 37 | functionality. 38 | 39 | ```{r example} 40 | library(vec) 41 | ``` 42 | 43 | ### Subsetting via Functions 44 | 45 | Along with some built-in vector operations such as `is_even()`, {vec} enables 46 | subsetting with a function or formula, and in-place replacements with the same 47 | 48 | ```{r} 49 | x <- as_vec(1:10) 50 | x 51 | 52 | x[~is_even(.)] 53 | 54 | x[is_even] 55 | 56 | x[is_even] <- 0 57 | x 58 | ``` 59 | 60 | See the [vignette](https://jonocarroll.github.io/vec/articles/functions.html) 61 | for more details. 62 | 63 | ### Rotating 64 | 65 | While not specific to {vec}, this package provides a ring-buffer-like function 66 | which rotates a vector through `n` positions 67 | 68 | ```{r} 69 | x <- as_vec(1:5) 70 | x 71 | 72 | rotate(x, n = 1) 73 | rotate(x, n = 2) 74 | rotate(x, n = -1) 75 | ``` 76 | 77 | ## Other Use Cases 78 | 79 | I'm interested in what else a new vector class could bring to R. Add an 80 | [Issue](https://github.com/jonocarroll/vec) if you can think of one! 81 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /vignettes/functions.Rmd: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Subsetting via Functions" 3 | output: rmarkdown::html_vignette 4 | vignette: > 5 | %\VignetteIndexEntry{Subsetting via Functions} 6 | %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown} 7 | %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8} 8 | --- 9 | 10 | ```{r, include = FALSE} 11 | knitr::opts_chunk$set( 12 | collapse = TRUE, 13 | comment = "#>" 14 | ) 15 | ``` 16 | 17 | ```{r setup} 18 | library(vec) 19 | ``` 20 | 21 | ## Functions of 1 argument 22 | 23 | We start by defining a vector to be of the new `vec` class 24 | 25 | ```{r} 26 | x <- as_vec(1:15) 27 | x 28 | ``` 29 | 30 | {vec} provides some helpful vector-operation functions; `is_even(a)` and `is_odd(a)` 31 | 32 | ```{r} 33 | is_even(6) 34 | is_even(7) 35 | is_odd(7) 36 | ``` 37 | 38 | These can be used in the regular way 39 | 40 | ```{r} 41 | x[is_even(x)] 42 | ``` 43 | 44 | because this is evaluated first 45 | 46 | ```{r} 47 | is_even(x) 48 | ``` 49 | 50 | producing the logical vector for regular subsetting. 51 | 52 | For vectors of class `vec`, you can also specify a formula involving arguments 53 | 54 | ```{r} 55 | x[~is_even(x)] 56 | ``` 57 | 58 | Or, if you wish to refer to the enclosing vector, you can use a `.` placeholder 59 | 60 | ```{r} 61 | x[~is_even(.)] 62 | ``` 63 | 64 | A new syntax is introduced where a bare function can be used with the effect that 65 | `x[f] == x[f(x)]` 66 | 67 | ```{r} 68 | x[is_even] 69 | x[is_odd] 70 | ``` 71 | 72 | This function can also be used to replace those values for which `is_even(x) == TRUE` 73 | 74 | ```{r} 75 | x[is_even] <- 99 76 | x 77 | ``` 78 | 79 | ## Functions of more than 1 argument 80 | 81 | Resetting the vector 82 | 83 | ```{r} 84 | x <- as_vec(1:15) 85 | x 86 | ``` 87 | 88 | {vec} also provides a two-argument function `is_divisible_by(a, b)` 89 | 90 | ```{r} 91 | is_divisible_by(11, 5) 92 | is_divisible_by(10, 5) 93 | is_divisible_by(1:6, 2) 94 | ``` 95 | 96 | which can be used in the same ways, using explicit arguments 97 | 98 | ```{r} 99 | x[is_divisible_by(x, 3)] 100 | x[~is_divisible_by(x, 3)] 101 | x[~is_divisible_by(., 3)] 102 | ``` 103 | 104 | again because this is evaluated first 105 | 106 | ```{r} 107 | is_divisible_by(x, 3) 108 | ``` 109 | 110 | For multiple arguments with a bare function, one option would be to pass named 111 | arguments to the function via `[`'s `...` argument, e.g. 112 | 113 | ```{r} 114 | x[is_divisible_by, n = 3] 115 | ``` 116 | 117 | but this is somewhat unclean; the `b` refers to the function argument and looks 118 | too similar to regular `[` subsetting. 119 | 120 | Alternatively, curry the function; consume one of the arguments 121 | 122 | ```{r} 123 | div3 <- function(aa) { 124 | is_divisible_by(aa, n = 3) 125 | } 126 | 127 | x[div3] 128 | ``` 129 | 130 | This function can also be used to replace those values for which `div3(x) == TRUE` 131 | 132 | ```{r} 133 | x[div3] <- 99 134 | x 135 | ``` 136 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU General Public License 2 | ========================== 3 | 4 | _Version 3, 29 June 2007_ 5 | _Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <>_ 6 | 7 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license 8 | document, but changing it is not allowed. 9 | 10 | ## Preamble 11 | 12 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other 13 | kinds of works. 14 | 15 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away 16 | your freedom to share and change the works. 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This alternative is allowed only occasionally and 239 | noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in 240 | accord with subsection 6b. 241 | * **d)** Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for 242 | a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way 243 | through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy 244 | the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object 245 | code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server 246 | (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, 247 | provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find 248 | the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, 249 | you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy 250 | these requirements. 251 | * **e)** Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform 252 | other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being 253 | offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d. 254 | 255 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the 256 | Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the 257 | object code work. 258 | 259 | A “User Product” is either **(1)** a “consumer product”, which 260 | means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or 261 | household purposes, or **(2)** anything designed or sold for incorporation into a 262 | dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases 263 | shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a 264 | particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of 265 | that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way 266 | in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the 267 | product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has 268 | substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent 269 | the only significant mode of use of the product. 270 | 271 | “Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, 272 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute 273 | modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of 274 | its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued 275 | functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with 276 | solely because modification has been made. 277 | 278 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for 279 | use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which 280 | the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient 281 | in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is 282 | characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be 283 | accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if 284 | neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code 285 | on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM). 286 | 287 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to 288 | continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been 289 | modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been 290 | modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself 291 | materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules 292 | and protocols for communication across the network. 293 | 294 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with 295 | this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an 296 | implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no 297 | special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying. 298 | 299 | ### 7. Additional Terms 300 | 301 | “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this 302 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional 303 | permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they 304 | were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable 305 | law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be 306 | used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by 307 | this License without regard to the additional permissions. 308 | 309 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any 310 | additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional 311 | permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you 312 | modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a 313 | covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. 314 | 315 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a 316 | covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) 317 | supplement the terms of this License with terms: 318 | 319 | * **a)** Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of 320 | sections 15 and 16 of this License; or 321 | * **b)** Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author 322 | attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works 323 | containing it; or 324 | * **c)** Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that 325 | modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the 326 | original version; or 327 | * **d)** Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the 328 | material; or 329 | * **e)** Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, 330 | trademarks, or service marks; or 331 | * **f)** Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone 332 | who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of 333 | liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions 334 | directly impose on those licensors and authors. 335 | 336 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further 337 | restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received 338 | it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License 339 | along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a 340 | license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying 341 | under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of 342 | that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such 343 | relicensing or conveying. 344 | 345 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in 346 | the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those 347 | files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms. 348 | 349 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a 350 | separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply 351 | either way. 352 | 353 | ### 8. Termination 354 | 355 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under 356 | this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will 357 | automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses 358 | granted under the third paragraph of section 11). 359 | 360 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a 361 | particular copyright holder is reinstated **(a)** provisionally, unless and until the 362 | copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and **(b)** permanently, 363 | if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means 364 | prior to 60 days after the cessation. 365 | 366 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently 367 | if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this 368 | is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any 369 | work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 370 | your receipt of the notice. 371 | 372 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of 373 | parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your 374 | rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to 375 | receive new licenses for the same material under section 10. 376 | 377 | ### 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies 378 | 379 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the 380 | Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of 381 | using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require 382 | acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to 383 | propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not 384 | accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you 385 | indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 386 | 387 | ### 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients 388 | 389 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license 390 | from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this 391 | License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this 392 | License. 393 | 394 | An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an 395 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or 396 | merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity 397 | transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also 398 | receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or 399 | could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the 400 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor 401 | has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. 402 | 403 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or 404 | affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, 405 | or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not 406 | initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging 407 | that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or 408 | importing the Program or any portion of it. 409 | 410 | ### 11. Patents 411 | 412 | A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 413 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus 414 | licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”. 415 | 416 | A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or 417 | controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that 418 | would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or 419 | selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed 420 | only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For 421 | purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent 422 | sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License. 423 | 424 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license 425 | under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, 426 | import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor 427 | version. 428 | 429 | In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express 430 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an 431 | express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent 432 | infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make 433 | such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party. 434 | 435 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the 436 | Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge 437 | and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or 438 | other readily accessible means, then you must either **(1)** cause the Corresponding 439 | Source to be so available, or **(2)** arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the 440 | patent license for this particular work, or **(3)** arrange, in a manner consistent with 441 | the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream 442 | recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but 443 | for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your 444 | recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more 445 | identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid. 446 | 447 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you 448 | convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent 449 | license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, 450 | propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent 451 | license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and 452 | works based on it. 453 | 454 | A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the 455 | scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the 456 | non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this 457 | License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with 458 | a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make 459 | payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the 460 | work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive 461 | the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license **(a)** in connection with 462 | copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or **(b)** 463 | primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain 464 | the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license 465 | was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 466 | 467 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied 468 | license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you 469 | under applicable patent law. 470 | 471 | ### 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom 472 | 473 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) 474 | that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the 475 | conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy 476 | simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent 477 | obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you 478 | agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from 479 | those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms 480 | and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 481 | 482 | ### 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License 483 | 484 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or 485 | combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero 486 | General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. 487 | The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered 488 | work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 489 | 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such. 490 | 491 | ### 14. Revised Versions of this License 492 | 493 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU 494 | General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit 495 | to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. 496 | 497 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that 498 | a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later 499 | version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and 500 | conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the 501 | Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU 502 | General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free 503 | Software Foundation. 504 | 505 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU 506 | General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a 507 | version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. 508 | 509 | Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no 510 | additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of 511 | your choosing to follow a later version. 512 | 513 | ### 15. Disclaimer of Warranty 514 | 515 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 516 | EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 517 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER 518 | EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 519 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE 520 | QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE 521 | DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 522 | 523 | ### 16. Limitation of Liability 524 | 525 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY 526 | COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS 527 | PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, 528 | INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE 529 | PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE 530 | OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE 531 | WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 532 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 533 | 534 | ### 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16 535 | 536 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be 537 | given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local 538 | law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in 539 | connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies 540 | a copy of the Program in return for a fee. 541 | 542 | _END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS_ 543 | 544 | ## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 545 | 546 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to 547 | the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone 548 | can redistribute and change under these terms. 549 | 550 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them 551 | to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; 552 | and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to 553 | where the full notice is found. 554 | 555 | 556 | Copyright (C) 557 | 558 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 559 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 560 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 561 | (at your option) any later version. 562 | 563 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 564 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 565 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 566 | GNU General Public License for more details. 567 | 568 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 569 | along with this program. If not, see . 570 | 571 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 572 | 573 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this 574 | when it starts in an interactive mode: 575 | 576 | Copyright (C) 577 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'. 578 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 579 | under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details. 580 | 581 | The hypothetical commands `show w` and `show c` should show the appropriate parts of 582 | the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; 583 | for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”. 584 | 585 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to 586 | sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more 587 | information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 588 | <>. 589 | 590 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 591 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it 592 | more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is 593 | what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this 594 | License. But first, please read 595 | <>. 596 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------