├── .github └── ISSUE_TEMPLATE │ └── feature_request.md ├── .idea ├── .gitignore ├── Learning-Object-Oriented-Python.iml ├── inspectionProfiles │ ├── Project_Default.xml │ └── profiles_settings.xml ├── misc.xml ├── modules.xml └── vcs.xml ├── CONTRIBUTING.md ├── Course Introduction └── Introduction.md ├── Examples ├── .gitignore ├── Binary_Search.py ├── LinkedList.py ├── Multilevel_Inheritance.py ├── String Manipulation │ ├── BooleanStringTest.py │ ├── FormatString.py │ ├── FormatStringInput.py │ ├── StringComparison.py │ ├── StringLength.py │ └── StringSlicing.py ├── Student_Professor.py ├── basic_class.py ├── calculator.py ├── circular_queue.py ├── comprehensive_example.py ├── dice.py ├── graph.py ├── inheritance.py ├── method_overriding.py ├── operator_overloading.py ├── polygon.py ├── sample_oo_api │ ├── .sample_venv │ ├── README.md │ ├── app.py │ ├── config │ │ └── openAPI.yaml │ ├── controllers │ │ └── api.py │ ├── database │ │ ├── manager.py │ │ └── world_x.sql │ └── models │ │ ├── city.py │ │ ├── country.py │ │ ├── countryinfo.py │ │ └── countrylanguage.py ├── sample_oo_dashboard │ ├── README.md │ ├── app.py │ ├── assets │ │ ├── main.js │ │ └── style.css │ ├── controllers │ │ ├── hello.py │ │ └── router.py │ ├── data │ │ └── session.py │ ├── database │ │ ├── manager.py │ │ ├── models.py │ │ └── sample_database.sql │ ├── layouts │ │ └── layouts.py │ └── requirements_dashboard.txt └── stack.py ├── LICENSE ├── Lesson 1 - Introduction to Python ├── Introduction.md └── intro.py ├── Lesson 2 - Using Functions ├── Function.py ├── functions.md └── prank │ ├── athens.jpg │ ├── austin.jpg │ ├── bangalore.jpg │ ├── barcelona.jpg │ ├── beijing.jpg │ ├── berkeley.jpg │ ├── bogota.jpg │ ├── bristol.jpg │ ├── bucharest.jpg │ ├── buenos aires.jpg │ ├── cairo.jpg │ ├── chennai.jpg │ ├── chicago.jpg │ ├── colombo.jpg │ ├── dallas.jpg │ ├── delhi.jpg │ ├── edinbrugh.jpg │ ├── gainesville.jpg │ ├── houston.jpg │ ├── hyderabad.jpg │ ├── istanbul.jpg │ ├── ithaca.jpg │ ├── jacksonville.jpg │ ├── karachi.jpg │ ├── kiev.jpg │ ├── london.jpg │ ├── madrid.jpg │ ├── manchester.jpg │ ├── miami.jpg │ ├── new york.jpg │ ├── oakland.jpg │ ├── pune.jpg │ ├── rochester.jpg │ ├── san diego.jpg │ ├── san jose.jpg │ ├── sao paulo.jpg │ ├── seattle.jpg │ ├── seoul.jpg │ ├── shanghai.jpg │ ├── singapore.jpg │ ├── sunnyvale.jpg │ ├── sydney.jpg │ └── tel aviv.jpg ├── Lesson 3 - Introduction to OOP Concepts ├── inheritance.py ├── oops.md └── oops.py ├── Lesson 4 - OOP Implementation ├── TurtleTutorial.py ├── Twilio.py └── oopimplementation.md ├── Lesson 5 - Web Sraping ├── README.md └── Web Scraping.md.docx ├── Lesson 6 - String Manipulation ├── BooleanStringTest.py ├── FormatString.py ├── FormatStringInput.py ├── StringComparison.py ├── StringLength.py └── StringSlicing.py ├── README.md └── Resources └── Code Solutions ├── Reminder_App └── takeabreak.py ├── Secret_Message └── secretmessage.py ├── Sqlite3_implementation └── sqlite3-crud.py ├── Turtle_Implementation └── mindstorms.py └── Twilio_Implementation └── textmessage.py /.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | name: Feature request 3 | about: Suggest an idea for this project 4 | title: '' 5 | labels: '' 6 | assignees: '' 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | **Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.** 11 | A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...] 12 | 13 | **Describe the solution you'd like** 14 | A clear and concise description of what you want to happen. 15 | 16 | **Describe alternatives you've considered** 17 | A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered. 18 | 19 | **Additional context** 20 | Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Default ignored files 2 | /shelf/ 3 | /workspace.xml 4 | # Editor-based HTTP Client requests 5 | /httpRequests/ 6 | # Datasource local storage ignored files 7 | /dataSources/ 8 | /dataSources.local.xml 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/Learning-Object-Oriented-Python.iml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/inspectionProfiles/profiles_settings.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/misc.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/modules.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.idea/vcs.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CONTRIBUTING.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # CONTRIBUTING 2 | 3 | ### Contributing Guidelines! 4 | 5 | Read this space to know the contributing guidelines. Please follow the guidelines for smooth contribution. Following the guidelines reflect your courtesy towards the open source contribution. The issues, potential changes and pull requests will be addressed in compliance with the quality of need and urgency. 6 | 7 | ### Expected Contribution: 8 | In case you are willing to contribute in any form, You're most Welcome! Improvement in documentation, reporting bugs and mistakes is expected in general. 9 | 10 | # Getting started 11 | 12 | ## Ground Rules 13 | Issues should be created to submit a change to the repository before opening a pull request. Communication in any form except the repository channels is not expected and will not be entertained. 14 | 15 | 16 | # Your First Contribution 17 | In case you have additions to the concepts, codebase, or anything relevant, You're most welcome to open an issue, followed by opening a pull request. You are again welcome to report a mistake in the existing content, and code obselete issues. 18 | 19 | 20 | ### Know More about open Source Contributions: 21 | Here are a couple of friendly tutorials you can go through: http://makeapullrequest.com/ and http://www.firsttimersonly.com/ 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Course Introduction/Introduction.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Learning Object Oriented Python 2 | 3 | This repository walks you through the Object Oriented Programming concepts in python. Illustrates real-world examples, working codes and how to go about finding a coding solution. 4 | 5 | The course plan is as shown in the repository. There are four lessons which govern the flow of the course. It is highly recommended to refer to online resources for a detailed study about the mentioned topics which have been briefly covered. 6 | 7 | For the Tasks study in depth about the problem statements, conduct online research about various available modules and then start coding. Coding solutions have been provided in the resources folder. 8 | 9 | 10 | ## Course Breakdown: 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | * Lesson 1: Introduction To Python 15 | * Download 16 | * Installation 17 | * About Python 18 | * Lesson 2: Using Functions 19 | * About Functions 20 | * Python Standard Library 21 | * Inbuilt Functions 22 | * Task 1 23 | * Task 2 24 | * Lesson 3: Introduction To OOP 25 | * About 26 | * Lesson 4: OOP Implementation 27 | * Task 1 28 | * Task 2 29 | * Lesson 5: Web Sraping 30 | * Web Scraping - Introduction 31 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | pip-wheel-metadata/ 24 | share/python-wheels/ 25 | *.egg-info/ 26 | .installed.cfg 27 | *.egg 28 | MANIFEST 29 | 30 | # PyInstaller 31 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 32 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 33 | *.manifest 34 | *.spec 35 | 36 | # Installer logs 37 | pip-log.txt 38 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 39 | 40 | # Unit test / coverage reports 41 | htmlcov/ 42 | .tox/ 43 | .nox/ 44 | .coverage 45 | .coverage.* 46 | .cache 47 | nosetests.xml 48 | coverage.xml 49 | *.cover 50 | .hypothesis/ 51 | .pytest_cache/ 52 | 53 | # Translations 54 | *.mo 55 | *.pot 56 | 57 | # Django stuff: 58 | *.log 59 | local_settings.py 60 | db.sqlite3 61 | db.sqlite3-journal 62 | 63 | # Flask stuff: 64 | instance/ 65 | .webassets-cache 66 | 67 | # Scrapy stuff: 68 | .scrapy 69 | 70 | # Sphinx documentation 71 | docs/_build/ 72 | 73 | # PyBuilder 74 | target/ 75 | 76 | # Jupyter Notebook 77 | .ipynb_checkpoints 78 | 79 | # IPython 80 | profile_default/ 81 | ipython_config.py 82 | 83 | # pyenv 84 | .python-version 85 | 86 | # pipenv 87 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 88 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 89 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 90 | # install all needed dependencies. 91 | #Pipfile.lock 92 | 93 | # celery beat schedule file 94 | celerybeat-schedule 95 | 96 | # SageMath parsed files 97 | *.sage.py 98 | 99 | # Environments 100 | .env 101 | .venv 102 | env/ 103 | venv/ 104 | ENV/ 105 | env.bak/ 106 | venv.bak/ 107 | 108 | # Spyder project settings 109 | .spyderproject 110 | .spyproject 111 | 112 | # Rope project settings 113 | .ropeproject 114 | 115 | # mkdocs documentation 116 | /site 117 | 118 | # mypy 119 | .mypy_cache/ 120 | .dmypy.json 121 | dmypy.json 122 | 123 | # Pyre type checker 124 | .pyre/ 125 | 126 | .DS_Store 127 | 128 | .vscode/ 129 | 130 | # Elastic Beanstalk Files 131 | .elasticbeanstalk/* 132 | !.elasticbeanstalk/*.cfg.yml 133 | !.elasticbeanstalk/*.global.yml 134 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/Binary_Search.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2 | """ 3 | Created on Wed Oct 9 07:36:45 2019 4 | 5 | @author: hp 6 | """ 7 | 8 | # Returns index of x in arr if present, else -1 9 | def binarySearch (arr, l, r, x): 10 | 11 | # Check base case 12 | if r >= l: 13 | 14 | mid = l + (r - l)/2 15 | 16 | # If element is present at the middle itself 17 | if arr[mid] == x: 18 | return mid 19 | 20 | # If element is smaller than mid, then it can only 21 | # be present in left subarray 22 | elif arr[mid] > x: 23 | return binarySearch(arr, l, mid-1, x) 24 | 25 | # Else the element can only be present in right subarray 26 | else: 27 | return binarySearch(arr, mid+1, r, x) 28 | 29 | else: 30 | # Element is not present in the array 31 | return -1 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/LinkedList.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Linked list implementation using OOP 2 | 3 | # Node class 4 | class Node: 5 | 6 | # Function to initialize the node object 7 | def __init__(self, data): 8 | self.data = data # Assign data 9 | self.next = None # Initialize 10 | # next as null 11 | 12 | # Linked List class 13 | class LinkedList: 14 | 15 | # Function to initialize the Linked 16 | # List object 17 | def __init__(self): 18 | self.head = None 19 | # Here self.head is basically initialised with a null value 20 | # This function prints contents of linked list 21 | # starting from head 22 | def printList(self): 23 | temp = self.head 24 | while (temp): 25 | print(temp.data) 26 | temp = temp.next 27 | 28 | # Code execution starts here 29 | if __name__ == '__main__': 30 | 31 | # Start with the empty list 32 | llist = LinkedList() 33 | 34 | llist.head = Node(1) 35 | second = Node(2) 36 | third = Node(3) 37 | 38 | # Three nodes have been created. 39 | # We have references to these three blocks as head, 40 | # second and third 41 | 42 | llist.head.next = second # Link first node with second 43 | second.next = third # Link second node with the third node 44 | llist.printList() 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/Multilevel_Inheritance.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This is an example of Multilevel Inheritance 3 | 4 | Instructions: 5 | - Create a class Person with Name, Age & Sex 6 | - Create a class Employee which inherits from Person and has properties Id, Salary & Department 7 | - Create a class Manager which inherits from Employee and has properties List of Reportees 8 | - The Employee class inherits from Person, so it gets all the properties of Person class 9 | - The Manager class inherits from Employee so it gets all properties of Employees as well as Person class 10 | """ 11 | 12 | 13 | class Person(object): 14 | def __init__(self, name, age, sex): 15 | self.name = name 16 | self.age = age 17 | self.sex = sex 18 | 19 | def print_details(self): 20 | print("Name: {}".format(self.name)) 21 | print("Age: {}".format(self.age)) 22 | print("Sex: {}".format(self.sex)) 23 | 24 | 25 | class Employee(Person): 26 | """ 27 | Employee class inherits from Person 28 | """ 29 | employee_count = 0 30 | 31 | def __init__(self, name, age, sex, department): 32 | super().__init__(name, age, sex) 33 | self.department = department 34 | Employee.employee_count = Employee.employee_count + 1 35 | self.id = Employee.employee_count 36 | self.manager = None 37 | print("Employee Added : Id {} Name {}".format(self.id, self.name)) 38 | 39 | def print_details(self): 40 | print("Id: {}".format(self.id)) 41 | super().print_details() 42 | print("Department: {}".format(self.department)) 43 | 44 | def print_manager(self): 45 | print("{} reports to {}".format(self.name, self.manager.name)) 46 | 47 | 48 | class Manager(Employee): 49 | """ 50 | Manager class inherits from Employee because every Manager is also an Employee 51 | """ 52 | def __init__(self, name, age, sex, department): 53 | super().__init__(name, age, sex, department) 54 | self.reportees = [] 55 | 56 | def print_details(self): 57 | print("\nTeam Information") 58 | super().print_details() 59 | self.print_reportees() 60 | 61 | def add_reportee(self, reportee): 62 | reportee.manager = self 63 | self.reportees.append(reportee) 64 | print("{} now reports to {}".format(reportee.name, self.name)) 65 | 66 | def print_reportees(self): 67 | print("Employees reporting to {} are:".format(self.name)) 68 | for employee in self.reportees: 69 | employee.print_details() 70 | 71 | 72 | def main(): 73 | # Lets create few employees 74 | joe = Employee("Joe", 25, "M", "Tech") 75 | mark = Employee("Mark", 26, "M", "Finance") 76 | anjali = Employee("Anjalee", 24, "F", "Tech") 77 | sweta = Employee("Sweta", 29, "F", "Tech") 78 | 79 | # Lets create few Managers 80 | abhilash = Manager("Abhilash",32, "M", "Finance") 81 | paul = Manager("Paul", 28, "M", "Tech") 82 | 83 | # Mark reports to Abhilash 84 | abhilash.add_reportee(mark) 85 | 86 | # Lets add reportees to paul 87 | paul.add_reportee(joe) 88 | paul.add_reportee(anjali) 89 | paul.add_reportee(sweta) 90 | 91 | # Let's display some info! 92 | abhilash.print_details() 93 | paul.print_details() 94 | 95 | 96 | # To run the code 97 | if __name__ == '__main__': 98 | main() 99 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/BooleanStringTest.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | print("python".isalnum()) 2 | print("3".isdigit()) 3 | print("3rd".isalnum()) 4 | print("Hii".islower()) 5 | print("Super".startswith("s")) 6 | print("Harry Potter".istitle()) 7 | length = "3" 8 | print("s") 9 | print(length.isalnum()) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/FormatString.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | print("Python is awesome".capitalize()) 2 | print("PYTHON IS KING".lower()) 3 | print("python is hot".upper()) 4 | print("Harry potter and the half-blood prince".title()) 5 | print("AVENGER:the war of infinity".swapcase()) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/FormatStringInput.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | favColor = input("What is your favorite color:-").upper() #makes every letter CAPITAL 2 | print(favColor) 3 | 4 | #or 5 | 6 | favColor = input("What's your favorite color:-") 7 | print(favColor.capitalize()) #makes first letter Capital -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/StringComparison.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name = input("Enter name: ") 2 | 3 | if name.lower() < "c": 4 | print("less than") 5 | else: 6 | print("greater than") -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/StringLength.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | word = "Hey Python" 2 | print(len(word)) 3 | 4 | len_word = len(word) 5 | mid_pt = int(len_word/2) 6 | 7 | print(word[mid_pt:]) 8 | print(word[:mid_pt]) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/String Manipulation/StringSlicing.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | word = "photosynthesis" 2 | 3 | #otosy 4 | print(word[2:7]) #strts from 2 and ends before 7 5 | #photo 6 | print(word[:5]) #ends before 5 7 | #photosynthesis 8 | print(word[:]) #print whole string 9 | #ptyhi 10 | print(word[::3]) #print 0 and multiple of 3 afterwards 11 | #tyhi 12 | print(word[3::3]) #print 3 and multiple of 3 afterwards 13 | #photosynthesi 14 | print(word[:-1]) #ends before -1 15 | #photosy 16 | print(word[:-7]) #ends before -7 17 | #sisehtnysotohp 18 | print(word[::-1]) #print string in reverse 19 | #sotohp 20 | print(word[5::-1]) #print reverse till 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/Student_Professor.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #Anuneet Anand 2 | 3 | ''' 4 | A sample code to show Object Oriented Programming in Python. 5 | Two class definitions are given : Student Class & Professor Class 6 | Student Class has attributes - Roll Number , Name , Group (Red/Blue) 7 | Professor Class has attributes - Name , Subject , List Of Student Objects 8 | Three objects of student class are instantiated in main() and are assigned to a professor which is also instantiated in main(). 9 | Another student object is instantiated and it's equality is tested, followed by modification of it's data attributes through Setters. 10 | Print Details Function of both the classes are called in main() 11 | ''' 12 | 13 | #Information about a student. 14 | class Student: 15 | 16 | # Constructor 17 | def __init__(self,Roll_Number,Name,Group): 18 | self.Roll_Number = Roll_Number 19 | self.Name = Name 20 | self.Group = Group 21 | 22 | # Equals Method : To check if two objects of this class are equal. 23 | def __eq__(self, other): 24 | if isinstance(other, self.__class__): 25 | return (self.Roll_Number == other.Roll_Number) and (self.Name == other.Name) and (self.Group == other.Group) 26 | else: 27 | return False 28 | 29 | #SETTERS 30 | def set_Group(self,New_Group): 31 | self.Group = New_Group 32 | 33 | #GETTERS 34 | def get_Roll_Number(self): 35 | return self.Roll_Number 36 | def get_Name(self): 37 | return self.Name 38 | def get_Group(self): 39 | return self.Group 40 | 41 | # Print Method : To print the data attributes of the class. 42 | def Print_Details(self): 43 | print(">--- Student Details ---<") 44 | print("Roll Number:",self.Roll_Number) 45 | print("Name:",self.Name) 46 | print("Group:",self.Group) 47 | 48 | #Information about a professor. 49 | class Professor: 50 | 51 | # Constructor 52 | def __init__(self,Name,Subject): 53 | self.Name = Name 54 | self.Subject = Subject 55 | self.Students = [] 56 | 57 | #SETTERS 58 | def set_Students(self,Students_List): 59 | self.Students = Students_List 60 | 61 | #GETTERS 62 | def get_Name(self): 63 | return self.Name 64 | def get_Subject(self): 65 | return self.Subject 66 | def get_Students(self): 67 | return self.Students 68 | 69 | # Print Method : To print the data attributes of the class. 70 | def Print_Details(self): 71 | print(">--- Professor Details ---<") 72 | print("Name:",self.Name) 73 | print("Subject:",self.Subject) 74 | print("NUmber Of Students:",len(self.Students)) 75 | 76 | 77 | if __name__ == '__main__': 78 | P = Professor("Samuel","Physics") 79 | S1 = Student(1,"Andy","Red") 80 | S2 = Student(2,"Jack","Blue") 81 | S3 = Student(3,"Sam","Blue") 82 | SX = Student(2,"Jack","Red") # Extra Student 83 | L = [S1,S2,S3] # List Of Students 84 | P.set_Students(L) 85 | 86 | if (S2==SX): # Testing Equality 87 | S2.Print_Details() # Fails : Red in SX but Blue in S2 88 | else: 89 | print("Not Equal") 90 | 91 | SX.set_Group("Blue") # Modifying Data Attribute 92 | 93 | if (S2==SX): # Testing Equality 94 | S2.Print_Details() # Passes :- Printing Details Of S2 95 | else: 96 | print("Not Equal") 97 | 98 | P.Print_Details() # Printing Details Of Professor 99 | 100 | #END OF CODE 101 | 102 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/basic_class.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Example of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) classes and objects. 2 | 3 | # First we need to declare the class that will server us as a "template". 4 | class Plane: 5 | def __init__(self, model, seats): 6 | # The init function is the function executed when we first create (instanciate) 7 | # the class in the main programm. When we instanciate a class we have an object. 8 | # In this init we declare the variables that we are going to use for the class. 9 | self.plane_model = model 10 | self.number_seats = seats 11 | 12 | # This two functions will return us the value of the object when we call them on the 13 | # main program. 14 | def model(self): 15 | return self.model 16 | 17 | def seats(self): 18 | return self.seats 19 | 20 | # And with this two functions we can change the values of the class variables. 21 | def change_model(self, model): 22 | self.plane_model = model 23 | 24 | def change_seats(self, seats): 25 | self.number_seats = seats 26 | 27 | 28 | def main(): 29 | # To use a class, first we have to create an object of that class (instanciate it). 30 | # And since we defined the init function with two parameters, we have to pass them 31 | # to the class. As you can see here we have an object "boeing" and an "object" cesna, 32 | # both of the class "Plane". 33 | boeing = Plane('Boeing 787', '200') 34 | cesna = Plane('Cesna', '4') 35 | 36 | # And now with the objects we can call the other functions we have defined. 37 | print(boeing.model()) 38 | print(cesna.seats()) 39 | 40 | # We can also change the values of the object with the functions we have made. 41 | boeing.change_seats(202) 42 | cesna.change_model('Cesna 070') 43 | 44 | 45 | if __name__ == "__main__": 46 | main() 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/calculator.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ''' 2 | A simple calculator using oop in python 3 | ''' 4 | 5 | # A calculator class 6 | class Calc(): 7 | 8 | # functions to define our operators (+,-,*,/) 9 | @staticmethod 10 | def add(x, y): 11 | return x + y 12 | 13 | @staticmethod 14 | def sub(x, y): 15 | return x - y 16 | 17 | @staticmethod 18 | def mul(x, y): 19 | return x * y 20 | 21 | @staticmethod 22 | def div(x, y): 23 | return x / y 24 | 25 | # Define a function to get our integer inputs 26 | @staticmethod 27 | def get_numbers(): 28 | num1 = int(input("Enter first number: ")) 29 | num2 = int(input("Enter second number: ")) 30 | return num1, num2 31 | 32 | # Define a function to get the operator which will determine the operation to carry out on the inputed integers 33 | @staticmethod 34 | def get_operator(): 35 | operator = input(''' 36 | Please type in the math operation you would like to complete: 37 | + for addition 38 | - for subtraction 39 | * for multiplication 40 | / for division 41 | ''') 42 | return operator 43 | 44 | # Define our function to perform the operation 45 | @classmethod 46 | def calculate(cls): 47 | num1, num2 = cls.get_numbers() 48 | operator = cls.get_operator() 49 | if operator == '+': 50 | print (cls.add(num1, num2)) 51 | elif operator == '-': 52 | print (cls.sub(num1, num2)) 53 | elif operator == '*': 54 | print (cls.mul(num1, num2)) 55 | elif operator == '/': 56 | print (cls.div(num1, num2)) 57 | else: 58 | print('You have not typed a valid operator, please run the program again.') 59 | 60 | Calc.again() 61 | 62 | # Define again() function to ask user if they want to use the calculator again 63 | @classmethod 64 | def again(cls): 65 | 66 | # Take input from user 67 | calc_again = input(''' 68 | Do you want to calculate again? 69 | Please type Y for YES or N for NO. 70 | ''') 71 | 72 | # If user types Y, run the calculate() function 73 | if calc_again.upper() == 'Y': 74 | Calc.calculate() 75 | 76 | # If user types N, say good-bye to the user and end the program 77 | elif calc_again.upper() == 'N': 78 | print('See you later.') 79 | 80 | # If user types another key, run the function again 81 | else: 82 | Calc.again() 83 | 84 | # Call calculate() outside of the function 85 | Calc.calculate() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/circular_queue.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #This is an example class that implements a circular queue 2 | #An explanation of how the circular queue operates can be found 3 | #here https://www.studytonight.com/data-structures/circular-queue 4 | 5 | class Queue(): 6 | SIZE = 5 #A constant to define the size of the queue 7 | 8 | def __init__(self): 9 | self.__items =[""]*self.SIZE 10 | self.__front = -1 11 | self.__rear = -1 12 | 13 | def isFull(self): 14 | if(self.__front == 0 and self.__rear == self.SIZE -1): 15 | return True 16 | if(self.__front == self.__rear + 1): 17 | return True 18 | return False 19 | 20 | def isEmpty(self): 21 | if(self.__front == -1): 22 | return True 23 | return False 24 | 25 | def enQueue(self, element): 26 | if(self.isFull()): 27 | print("Queue is full") 28 | else: 29 | if(self.__front == -1): 30 | self.__front = 0 31 | self.__rear = (self.__rear + 1)%self.SIZE 32 | self.__items[self.__rear] = element 33 | print("Inserted", element) 34 | 35 | def deQueue(self): 36 | if(self.isEmpty()): 37 | print("Queue is empty") 38 | return -1 39 | else: 40 | element = self.__items[self.__front] 41 | if(self.__front == self.__rear): 42 | self.__front = -1 43 | self.__rear = -1 44 | else: 45 | self.__front = (self.__front+1)%self.SIZE 46 | return element 47 | 48 | def Display(self): 49 | if(self.isEmpty()): 50 | print("Empty Queue") 51 | else: 52 | print("Front",self.__front) 53 | print("End", self.__rear) 54 | print("Items") 55 | i = self.__front 56 | while(i != self.__rear): 57 | print(self.__items[i]) 58 | i = (i+1)%self.SIZE 59 | print(self.__items[i]) 60 | 61 | #This is the main program illustrating the use of the queue 62 | 63 | myQ = Queue() #Instantiate a new queue 64 | myQ.deQueue() #Should give -1 error 65 | 66 | myQ.enQueue(1) #Add some data to the queue 67 | myQ.enQueue(2) 68 | myQ.enQueue(3) 69 | myQ.enQueue(4) 70 | myQ.enQueue(5) 71 | 72 | #This one should fail, queue full 73 | myQ.enQueue(6) 74 | 75 | myQ.Display() 76 | 77 | x = myQ.deQueue() #Remove 2 items from the queue 78 | x = myQ.deQueue() 79 | 80 | myQ.Display() 81 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/comprehensive_example.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This is a comprehensive example of classes, instantiating its objects 3 | inside another class, and using its properties, static variables and static methods 4 | 5 | What this example demonstrates: 6 | - Idea of class, object, static / class variables, properties 7 | Instructions: 8 | - Create the classes Student, Teacher, Course, Degree and Program. 9 | - Each class should have a variable for the no. of students, teachers, courses, degrees and programs respectively 10 | - The private members of the class should be encapsulated via properties 11 | - The Course class should be able to hold the number of students enrolled in that specific course 12 | - Similarly, the Degree class should hold the number of courses and the Program class should hold the number of degrees 13 | - Instantiate 4 students, 4 teachers, 2 courses to demonstrate the use of classes in this context 14 | - At the end of this exercise, display the total number of students, teachers and courses, the name of 15 | students enrolled in each course. 16 | """ 17 | 18 | class Student(object): 19 | # this is a static or class variable 20 | __student_count = 0 21 | 22 | # this is the constructor. Note that self implies that specific 23 | # instance or object of the class 24 | def __init__(self, name, age): 25 | # here, we assign the name and age given through the constructor 26 | # to the instance variables name and age respectively 27 | self.__name = name 28 | self.__age = age 29 | Student.__student_count += 1 30 | 31 | # use properties to get and set a private variable - data encapsulation 32 | @property 33 | def name(self): 34 | return self.__name 35 | 36 | @name.setter 37 | def name(self, name): 38 | self.__name = name 39 | 40 | @property 41 | def age(self): 42 | return self.__age 43 | 44 | @age.setter 45 | def age(self, age): 46 | self.__age = age 47 | 48 | @staticmethod 49 | def student_count(): 50 | return Student.__student_count 51 | 52 | 53 | # Now, let's create a teacher class 54 | class Teacher(object): 55 | # this is again a static or class variable 56 | __teacher_count = 0 57 | 58 | # constructor 59 | def __init__(self, name, course): 60 | # let's use __ to represent private variables 61 | self.__name = name 62 | self.__course = course 63 | Teacher.__teacher_count += 1 64 | 65 | # use properties to get and set a private variable - data encapsulation 66 | @property 67 | def name(self): 68 | return self.__name 69 | 70 | @name.setter 71 | def name(self, name): 72 | self.__name = name 73 | 74 | @property 75 | def course(self): 76 | return self.__course 77 | 78 | @course.setter 79 | def course(self, course): 80 | self.__course = course 81 | 82 | @staticmethod 83 | def teacher_count(): 84 | return Teacher.__teacher_count 85 | 86 | 87 | # Next, let's create a course class 88 | class Course(object): 89 | # class variable 90 | __course_count = 0 91 | 92 | # constructor 93 | def __init__(self, course_name): 94 | self.__course_name = course_name 95 | # let's store an array of students enrolled for a specific course 96 | self.__students_enrolled = [] 97 | self.__teacher = None 98 | Course.__course_count += 1 99 | 100 | @property 101 | def course_name(self): 102 | return self.__course_name 103 | 104 | @course_name.setter 105 | def course_name(self, name): 106 | self.__course_name = name 107 | 108 | @property 109 | def students_enrolled(self): 110 | return self.__students_enrolled 111 | 112 | @students_enrolled.setter 113 | def students_enrolled(self, students): 114 | self.__students_enrolled = students 115 | 116 | @property 117 | def teacher(self): 118 | return self.__teacher 119 | 120 | @teacher.setter 121 | def teacher(self, teacher): 122 | self.__teacher = teacher 123 | 124 | # static, since it needs to be called independent of the object 125 | @staticmethod 126 | def course_count(): 127 | return Course.__course_count 128 | 129 | 130 | # Let's create a class for Degree 131 | class Degree(object): 132 | # a static/class variable 133 | __degree_count = 0 134 | 135 | # constructor 136 | def __init__(self, name): 137 | self.__degree_name = name 138 | self.__courses = [] 139 | Degree.__degree_count += 1 140 | 141 | @property 142 | def degree_name(self): 143 | return self.__degree_name 144 | 145 | @degree_name.setter 146 | def degree_name(self, name): 147 | self.__degree_name = name 148 | 149 | @property 150 | def courses(self): 151 | return self.__courses 152 | 153 | @courses.setter 154 | def courses(self, courses): 155 | self.__courses = courses 156 | 157 | @staticmethod 158 | def degree_count(): 159 | return Degree.__degree_count 160 | 161 | 162 | # Let's create a class for University Program 163 | class Program(object): 164 | # static variable 165 | __program_count = 0 166 | 167 | # constructor 168 | def __init__(self, name): 169 | self.__program_name = name 170 | self.__degrees = [] 171 | Program.__program_count += 1 172 | 173 | @property 174 | def program(self): 175 | return self.__program_name 176 | 177 | @program.setter 178 | def program(self, name): 179 | self.__program_name = name 180 | 181 | @property 182 | def degrees(self): 183 | return self.__degrees 184 | 185 | @degrees.setter 186 | def degrees(self, degrees): 187 | self.__degrees = degrees 188 | 189 | @staticmethod 190 | def program_count(): 191 | return Program.__program_count 192 | 193 | 194 | # main entry point function 195 | def main(): 196 | # Let's create four students 197 | joe = Student("Joe", 15) 198 | mark = Student("Mark", 16) 199 | anjali = Student("Anjalee", 14) 200 | sweta = Student("Sweta", 15) 201 | 202 | # Let's create four teachers 203 | abhilash = Teacher("Abhilash", "Digital Signal Processing") 204 | paul = Teacher("Paul", "Signals and Systems") 205 | raghu = Teacher("Raghu", "Electronic Circuits") 206 | george = Teacher("George", "Logic Design") 207 | 208 | # Let's create 2 courses and assign students for each course and a teacher 209 | digital_signal_processing = Course("Digital Signal Processing") 210 | # can also use .append() method of list 211 | digital_signal_processing.students_enrolled = [joe, mark, sweta] 212 | digital_signal_processing.teacher = abhilash 213 | 214 | signals_systems = Course("Signals and Systems") 215 | # one can also use .append() method of list for this 216 | signals_systems.students_enrolled = [george, mark, anjali] 217 | 218 | signals_systems.teacher = paul 219 | 220 | # Let's now create a degree 221 | btech = Degree("Bachelor of Technology") 222 | # add students to the degree 223 | btech.courses.append(digital_signal_processing) 224 | btech.courses.append(signals_systems) 225 | # Finally, create a program 226 | ece = Program("Electronics and Communication Engineering") 227 | ece.degrees.append(btech) 228 | 229 | # Let's display some info! 230 | print('No. of students: {0}'.format(Student.student_count())) 231 | print('No. of teachers: {0}'.format(Teacher.teacher_count())) 232 | print('No. of courses: {0}'.format(Course.course_count())) 233 | # Students enrolled in course Digital Signal Processing Course: 234 | for course in btech.courses: 235 | students = [student.name for student in course.students_enrolled] 236 | print('Students enrolled in {0} course: {1}'.format(course.course_name, students)) 237 | 238 | 239 | # use this if you want to run the code following this only from 240 | # within your current script! 241 | if __name__ == '__main__': 242 | main() 243 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/dice.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | A sample code to demonstrate how Object-Oriented Programming in Python works. 3 | In the example below, we define a class Dice. 4 | Besides, we demonstrate usage of several dunder (magic) methods, class decorators and a private method for input values checkup 5 | """ 6 | 7 | import random 8 | 9 | 10 | class Dice: 11 | 12 | # constructor 13 | def __init__(self, min_eyes=1, max_eyes=6): 14 | self.__check_input(min_eyes, max_eyes) 15 | self.eyes = list(range(min_eyes, max_eyes + 1)) 16 | 17 | 18 | # turns instances of a class into callables 19 | def __call__(self): 20 | return random.choice(self.eyes) 21 | 22 | 23 | # returns machine-readable representation of a type 24 | def __repr__(self): 25 | return "Dice {} .. {} at {}".format(min(self), max(self), hex(id(self))) 26 | 27 | 28 | # returns the next item in the sequence 29 | def __next__(self): 30 | return random.choice(self.eyes) 31 | 32 | 33 | # returns an iterator object 34 | def __iter__(self): 35 | return self.eyes.__iter__() 36 | 37 | 38 | # returns object length 39 | def __len__(self): 40 | return len(self.eyes) 41 | 42 | 43 | # method for rolling the dice 44 | def roll(self, n=1): 45 | return [self() for _ in range(n)] 46 | 47 | 48 | # class property: expected value of the dice's eyes 49 | @property 50 | def expected_value(self): 51 | return sum(self.eyes)/len(self) 52 | 53 | 54 | # class property: variance of the dice's eyes 55 | @property 56 | def var(self): 57 | return sum([(x - self.expected_value)**2 for x in self.eyes]) / len(self) 58 | 59 | 60 | # class property: number of dice's sides 61 | @property 62 | def sides(self): 63 | return len(self) 64 | 65 | 66 | # check input values for minimum and maximum number of eyes 67 | # this method is private, i.e., it should only be accessed from inside the class 68 | def __check_input(self, min_eyes, max_eyes): 69 | if min_eyes > max_eyes: 70 | raise ValueError("Min_eyes must be < max_eyes, now: {} > {}".format(min_eyes, max_eyes)) 71 | if not isinstance(min_eyes, int): 72 | raise ValueError("min eyes must be numeric") 73 | if not isinstance(max_eyes, int): 74 | raise ValueError("mac_eyes must be numeric") 75 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/graph.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #Graph implementation using OOPS in Python 2 | #Graph Class 3 | 4 | '''A graph is a pictorial representation of a set of objects where some pairs of objects are connected by links. The interconnected objects are represented by points termed as vertices, and the links that connect the vertices are called edges. 5 | 6 | Formally, a graph is a pair of sets (V, E), where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges, connecting the pairs of vertices.''' 7 | 8 | class Graph(object): 9 | 10 | def __init__(self, graph_dict=None): 11 | """ initializes a graph object 12 | If no dictionary or None is given, 13 | an empty dictionary will be used 14 | """ 15 | if graph_dict == None: 16 | graph_dict = {} 17 | self.__graph_dict = graph_dict 18 | 19 | def vertices(self): 20 | """ returns the vertices of a graph """ 21 | return list(self.__graph_dict.keys()) 22 | 23 | def edges(self): 24 | """ returns the edges of a graph """ 25 | return self.__generate_edges() 26 | 27 | def add_vertex(self, vertex): 28 | """ If the vertex "vertex" is not in 29 | self.__graph_dict, a key "vertex" with an empty 30 | list as a value is added to the dictionary. 31 | Otherwise nothing has to be done. 32 | """ 33 | if vertex not in self.__graph_dict: 34 | self.__graph_dict[vertex] = [] 35 | 36 | def add_edge(self, edge): 37 | """ assumes that edge is of type set, tuple or list; 38 | between two vertices can be multiple edges! 39 | """ 40 | edge = set(edge) 41 | (vertex1, vertex2) = tuple(edge) 42 | if vertex1 in self.__graph_dict: 43 | self.__graph_dict[vertex1].append(vertex2) 44 | else: 45 | self.__graph_dict[vertex1] = [vertex2] 46 | 47 | def __generate_edges(self): 48 | """ A static method generating the edges of the 49 | graph "graph". Edges are represented as sets 50 | with one (a loop back to the vertex) or two 51 | vertices 52 | """ 53 | edges = [] 54 | for vertex in self.__graph_dict: 55 | for neighbour in self.__graph_dict[vertex]: 56 | if {neighbour, vertex} not in edges: 57 | edges.append({vertex, neighbour}) 58 | return edges 59 | 60 | def __str__(self): 61 | res = "vertices: " 62 | for k in self.__graph_dict: 63 | res += str(k) + " " 64 | res += "\nedges: " 65 | for edge in self.__generate_edges(): 66 | res += str(edge) + " " 67 | return res 68 | 69 | 70 | if __name__ == "__main__": 71 | 72 | g = { "a" : ["d"], 73 | "b" : ["c"], 74 | "c" : ["b", "c", "d", "e"], 75 | "d" : ["a", "c"], 76 | "e" : ["c"], 77 | "f" : [] 78 | } 79 | 80 | '''Here, graph is a an object of class Grpah with the constructors passed with the parameter dictionary defined above as g 81 | containing the vertices as key of dictionary and the values of key representing the adjacent neighbors. It will call the __str__ function with the dictionary 82 | to form the respecting edges of the graph''' 83 | 84 | graph = Graph(g) 85 | 86 | #Printing the nodes of the graph 87 | print("Vertices of graph:") 88 | print(graph.vertices()) 89 | #Printing the edges of the graph 90 | print("Edges of graph:") 91 | print(graph.edges()) 92 | #Adding a new vertex to the above graph using member function add_vertex 93 | print("Add vertex:") 94 | graph.add_vertex("z") 95 | #Printing the new list of nodes 96 | print("Vertices of graph:") 97 | print(graph.vertices()) 98 | #Adding a new edge to the graph from a node to z 99 | print("Add an edge:") 100 | graph.add_edge({"a","z"}) 101 | 102 | print("Vertices of graph:") 103 | print(graph.vertices()) 104 | #Printing all the edges present in the graph 105 | print("Edges of graph:") 106 | print(graph.edges()) 107 | 108 | print('Adding an edge {"x","y"} with new vertices:') 109 | graph.add_edge({"x","y"}) 110 | print("Vertices of graph:") 111 | print(graph.vertices()) 112 | print("Edges of graph:") 113 | print(graph.edges()) 114 | 115 | ''' The corresponding output of the above: 116 | Vertices of graph: 117 | ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'] 118 | Edges of graph: 119 | [{'d', 'a'}, {'b', 'c'}, {'c'}, {'c', 'd'}, {'e', 'c'}] 120 | Add vertex: 121 | Vertices of graph: 122 | ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'z'] 123 | Add an edge: 124 | Vertices of graph: 125 | ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'z'] 126 | Edges of graph: 127 | [{'d', 'a'}, {'b', 'c'}, {'c'}, {'c', 'd'}, {'e', 'c'}, {'z', 'a'}] 128 | Adding an edge {"x","y"} with new vertices: 129 | Vertices of graph: 130 | ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'z', 'y'] 131 | Edges of graph: 132 | [{'d', 'a'}, {'b', 'c'}, {'c'}, {'c', 'd'}, {'e', 'c'}, {'z', 'a'}, {'y', 'x'}]''' 133 | 134 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/inheritance.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | class Animal: 2 | 3 | def __init__(self): 4 | print("Animal created") 5 | 6 | def defineMe(self): 7 | print("This is parent class Animal") 8 | 9 | def eat(self): 10 | print("All animals have a common property, they eat!") 11 | 12 | class Lion(Animal): 13 | 14 | def __init__(self): 15 | super().__init__() 16 | print("Lion created") 17 | 18 | def defineMe(self): 19 | print("This is child class Lion") 20 | 21 | def prey(self): 22 | print("I am the king of the jungle!") 23 | 24 | 25 | # Initializing 'simba the lion'... 26 | simba = Lion() 27 | 28 | # Let simba define himself... 29 | simba.defineMe() 30 | 31 | # simba is a lion, but can also eat! It is a child of Animal class afterall! 32 | simba.eat() 33 | 34 | # And obviously, simba can prey, and it will! Beware!! 35 | simba.prey() 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/method_overriding.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | Overriding is one of the oops concepts which allows us to change the implementation of a method 3 | in child class that is defined in the parent class. 4 | Conditions of overriding: 5 | 1) Inheritance should be there. 6 | 2) Child class method should have same number of parameters as parent method. 7 | 8 | Below is an example which demonstrates method overriding. 9 | Create an Animal class and implement feed method with print statement 10 | Create a Vegetarian class which is inherits Animal class 11 | and add feed method with different implementation 12 | """ 13 | 14 | 15 | class Animal: 16 | def feed(self): 17 | print('I eat everything whatever you feed me') 18 | 19 | 20 | class Vegetarian(Animal): 21 | def feed(self): 22 | print('I eat only vegetables') 23 | 24 | 25 | if __name__ == '__main__': 26 | a = Animal() 27 | a.feed() 28 | v = Vegetarian() 29 | v.feed() 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/operator_overloading.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This example demonstrates the operator overloading example 3 | Instructions: 4 | - Create a class named Point 5 | - Overload the add operator '+' to add two Point objects 6 | - Also added is an additional function that calculates the length between 2 points 7 | to demonstrate the application of this exercise 8 | """ 9 | 10 | 11 | class Point(object): 12 | # the constructor 13 | def __init__(self, x, y): 14 | # these are the x, y coordinates 15 | self.x = x 16 | self.y = y 17 | 18 | # override the __add__ function to return a new Point class 19 | # with the x coordinate as the sum of the x coordinates of two points 20 | # and y coordinate as the sum of y coordinates of two points 21 | def __add__(self, other): 22 | x = self.x + other.x 23 | y = self.y + other.y 24 | return Point(x, y) 25 | 26 | 27 | # Bonus: Find the length between two points! 28 | def calculate_length(p1, p2): 29 | import math 30 | # length = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2) 31 | length = math.sqrt((p1.x - p2.x)**2 + (p1.y - p2.y)**2) 32 | return length 33 | 34 | 35 | # the main entry point function 36 | def main(): 37 | p1 = Point(3, 5) 38 | p2 = Point(-4, 10) 39 | p3 = p1 + p2 40 | print('Point p3: ({0}, {1})'.format(p3.x, p3.y)) 41 | print('Length of the line between p1 and p2 is: {0}'.format(calculate_length(p1, p2))) 42 | 43 | 44 | if __name__ == '__main__': 45 | main() 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/polygon.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import math 2 | 3 | class Point(object): 4 | """simple class Point""" 5 | def __init__(self, x, y): 6 | """pass x, y coordinates to build a 2d point""" 7 | self.x = x 8 | self.y = y 9 | 10 | def dist(self, p): 11 | """return distance between to another point (p)""" 12 | return math.sqrt(math.pow((p.x - self.x), 2) + math.pow((p.y - self.y), 2)) 13 | 14 | def minus(self, p): 15 | """return a new point that's equal to actual point minus a point p""" 16 | return Point(self.x - p.x, self.y - p.y) 17 | 18 | def plus(self, p): 19 | """return a new point that's equal to actual point plus a point p""" 20 | return Point(self.x + p.x, self.y + p.y) 21 | 22 | def info(self): 23 | """show info about the point""" 24 | print('({}, {})'.format(self.x, self.y)) 25 | 26 | class Polygon(object): 27 | """this class is a simple polygon, in other words, a list of points""" 28 | def __init__(self, points): 29 | self.points = points 30 | 31 | """show polygon about the polygon""" 32 | def info(self): 33 | for p in self.points: 34 | p.info() 35 | 36 | if __name__ == '__main__': 37 | # create two points p1, p2 38 | p1 = Point(3, 4) 39 | p2 = Point(7, 2) 40 | 41 | p1.info() 42 | p2.info() 43 | 44 | # create a new point p3 = p1 - p2 45 | p3 = p1.minus(p2) 46 | p3.info() 47 | 48 | # create a new point p4 = p1 + p2 49 | p4 = p1.plus(p2) 50 | p4.info() 51 | 52 | # show distance between p3 and p4 53 | print(p3.dist(p4)) 54 | 55 | # create a polygon passing a list with the previous points as parameter 56 | polygon = Polygon(list([p1, p2, p3, p4])) 57 | 58 | # show polygon info 59 | polygon.info() 60 | 61 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/.sample_venv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/josharsh/OPython-Init/11d33bfdcc8e35203edcec1efeb39506ea133d2a/Examples/sample_oo_api/.sample_venv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Sample: Python API 2 | This repository is built to serve as a sample to how you can build a modern Python API with minimal code. 3 | 4 | ## How to run: 5 | 1. Import world_x db (in database folder!) 6 | 2. Set environment variables for DB Connection 7 | 3. Run `pip3 install -r requirements.txt` 8 | 4. Run `python3 application.py` 9 | 10 | ## Credits 11 | - Orator ORM for database management: https://orator-orm.com 12 | - Connexion for OpenAPI: https://github.com/zalando/connexion 13 | - MySQL for World_X DB: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-other.html 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python core imports 2 | import os 3 | import uuid 4 | 5 | # Python third-party imports 6 | import connexion 7 | from flask import redirect, url_for 8 | 9 | 10 | # Connexion setup 11 | debugging = os.environ.get('debugging') 12 | options = {"swagger_ui": debugging} 13 | 14 | application = connexion.FlaskApp( 15 | __name__, 16 | specification_dir='config/', 17 | options=options 18 | ) 19 | 20 | application.add_api( 21 | 'openAPI.yaml', 22 | base_path='/api', 23 | arguments={'title': 'Sample API'} 24 | ) 25 | 26 | # CSRF Key/Secret for forms 27 | application.app.config.update( 28 | dict( 29 | SECRET_KEY=str(uuid.uuid4()), 30 | WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY=str(uuid.uuid4()) 31 | ) 32 | ) 33 | 34 | # Max payload (to restrict large file uploads) 35 | application.app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 10 * 1024 * 1024 36 | 37 | # Re-direct to Swagger/OpenAPI UI 38 | @application.app.route('/') 39 | def index(): 40 | return redirect( 41 | location=url_for( 42 | endpoint='/api./api_swagger_ui_index' 43 | ), 44 | code=302 45 | ) 46 | 47 | 48 | # Default robots reply 49 | @application.app.route('/robots.txt', methods=['GET']) 50 | def robots(): 51 | return "User-agent: *\nDisallow: /" 52 | 53 | 54 | # Run 55 | if __name__ == '__main__': 56 | application.run() 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/config/openAPI.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | openapi: 3.0.1 2 | info: 3 | version: 0.0.1 4 | title: API World_X 5 | description: "Sample API using the free Oracle World_X DB. All objects referenced are JSON objects." 6 | paths: 7 | /getCity: 8 | summary: Returns information about a given city 9 | description: Returns information about a given city 10 | get: 11 | summary: Returns information about a given city 12 | parameters: 13 | - in: query 14 | name: name 15 | schema: 16 | type: string 17 | required: true 18 | description: the name of the city. 19 | description: Returns information about a given city 20 | operationId: controllers.api.get_city 21 | responses: 22 | '200': 23 | description: OK 24 | content: 25 | application/json: 26 | schema: 27 | type: object 28 | properties: 29 | id: 30 | type: number 31 | Name: 32 | type: string 33 | CountryCode: 34 | type: string 35 | Info: 36 | type: object 37 | example: 38 | id: 1 39 | Name: Kabul 40 | CountryCode: AFG 41 | Info: object 42 | 43 | tags: 44 | - city 45 | /getCityAll: 46 | summary: Returns all city information 47 | description: Returns all city information 48 | get: 49 | summary: Returns all city information 50 | description: Returns all city information 51 | operationId: controllers.api.get_city_all 52 | responses: 53 | '200': 54 | description: OK 55 | content: 56 | application/json: 57 | schema: 58 | type: object 59 | properties: 60 | id: 61 | type: number 62 | Name: 63 | type: string 64 | CountryCode: 65 | type: string 66 | Info: 67 | type: object 68 | example: [ 69 | { 70 | "id": 1, 71 | "Name": "Kabul", 72 | "CountryCode": "AFG", 73 | "Info": object 74 | }, 75 | { 76 | "id": 1, 77 | "Name": "Kabul", 78 | "CountryCode": "AFG", 79 | "Info": object 80 | } 81 | ] 82 | tags: 83 | - city 84 | /getCountry: 85 | summary: Returns information about a given country 86 | description: Returns information about a given country 87 | get: 88 | summary: Returns information about a given country 89 | parameters: 90 | - in: query 91 | name: name 92 | schema: 93 | type: string 94 | required: true 95 | description: the name of the country 96 | description: Returns information about a given country 97 | operationId: controllers.api.get_country 98 | responses: 99 | '200': 100 | description: OK 101 | content: 102 | application/json: 103 | schema: 104 | type: object 105 | properties: 106 | Code: 107 | type: string 108 | Name: 109 | type: string 110 | Capital: 111 | type: string 112 | Code2: 113 | type: string 114 | example: 115 | Code: ABW 116 | Name: Aruba 117 | Capital: 129 118 | Code2: AW 119 | 120 | 121 | tags: 122 | - country 123 | /getCountryAll: 124 | summary: Returns all country information 125 | description: Returns all country information 126 | get: 127 | summary: Returns all country information 128 | description: Returns all country information 129 | operationId: controllers.api.get_country_all 130 | responses: 131 | '200': 132 | description: OK 133 | content: 134 | application/json: 135 | schema: 136 | type: object 137 | properties: 138 | id: 139 | type: number 140 | Name: 141 | type: string 142 | CountryCode: 143 | type: string 144 | Info: 145 | type: object 146 | example: [ 147 | { 148 | "Code": 1, 149 | "Name": "Armenia", 150 | "Capital": 126, 151 | "Code2": "AM" 152 | }, 153 | { 154 | "Code": 1, 155 | "Name": "American Samoa", 156 | "Capital": 54, 157 | "Code2": "AS" 158 | } 159 | ] 160 | 161 | tags: 162 | - country 163 | /getCountryInfo: 164 | summary: Returns detailed information about a given country 165 | description: Returns detailed information about a given country 166 | get: 167 | summary: Returns detailed information about a given country 168 | parameters: 169 | - in: query 170 | name: name 171 | schema: 172 | type: string 173 | required: true 174 | description: the name of the country 175 | description: Returns detailed information about a given country 176 | operationId: controllers.api.get_countryinfo 177 | responses: 178 | '200': 179 | description: OK 180 | content: 181 | application/json: 182 | schema: 183 | type: object 184 | properties: 185 | doc: 186 | type: string 187 | _id: 188 | type: string 189 | example: 190 | doc: dataMap 191 | _id: ABW 192 | tags: 193 | - country 194 | /getCountryLanguage: 195 | summary: Returns language information about a given country 196 | parameters: 197 | - in: query 198 | name: name 199 | schema: 200 | type: string 201 | required: true 202 | description: the name of the language 203 | description: Returns language information about a given country 204 | get: 205 | summary: 'Returns language information about a given country' 206 | description: 'Returns language information about a given country' 207 | operationId: controllers.api.get_countrylanguage 208 | responses: 209 | '200': 210 | description: OK 211 | content: 212 | application/json: 213 | schema: 214 | type: object 215 | properties: 216 | CountryCode: 217 | type: string 218 | Language: 219 | type: string 220 | IsOfficial: 221 | type: string 222 | enum: ['T', 'F'] 223 | Percentage: 224 | type: number 225 | example: 226 | CountryCode: ABW 227 | Language: Dutch 228 | IsOfficial: T 229 | Percentage: 5.3 230 | tags: 231 | - language 232 | /getCountryLanguageAll: 233 | summary: Returns all country language information 234 | description: Returns all country language information 235 | get: 236 | summary: 'Returns all country language information' 237 | description: 'Returns all country language information' 238 | operationId: controllers.api.get_countrylanguage_all 239 | responses: 240 | '200': 241 | description: OK 242 | content: 243 | application/json: 244 | schema: 245 | type: object 246 | properties: 247 | CountryCode: 248 | type: string 249 | Language: 250 | type: string 251 | IsOfficial: 252 | type: string 253 | enum: ['T', 'F'] 254 | Percentage: 255 | type: number 256 | example: [ 257 | { 258 | "CountryCode": "ABW", 259 | "Language": "Dutch", 260 | "IsOfficial": "T", 261 | "Percentage": 5.3 262 | } 263 | ] 264 | tags: 265 | - language 266 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/controllers/api.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # # Local imports (relative) 2 | # from database.manager import db 3 | 4 | # Local imports (absolute) 5 | from Examples.sample_oo_api.database.manager import db 6 | 7 | 8 | # City calls 9 | def get_city(name: str) -> dict: 10 | """ 11 | API Controlled method to retrieve city details for specified city 12 | Arguements: 13 | - name name of the city 14 | 15 | Returns a dict with information about the requested city 16 | """ 17 | return db.City.where('Name', '=', name.capitalize()).get().serialize() 18 | 19 | 20 | def get_city_all(): 21 | """ 22 | API Controlled method to retrieve city details for all available cities 23 | 24 | Returns a dict with information about all available cities 25 | """ 26 | return db.City.all().serialize() 27 | 28 | 29 | def get_country(name: str) -> dict: 30 | """ 31 | API Controlled method to retrieve country details for specified country 32 | Arguements: 33 | - name name of the country 34 | 35 | Returns a dict with information about the requested city 36 | """ 37 | return db.Country.where('Name', '=', name.capitalize()).get().serialize() 38 | 39 | 40 | def get_country_all() -> dict: 41 | """ 42 | API Controlled method to retrieve country details for 43 | all available countries 44 | 45 | Returns a dict with information about all available countries 46 | """ 47 | return db.Country.all().serialize() 48 | 49 | 50 | # Country info calls 51 | def get_countryinfo(id: str): 52 | """ 53 | API Controlled method to retrieve: 54 | Arguements: 55 | - id ID code of a specific country 56 | 57 | Returns a dict with detailed information about the requested country 58 | """ 59 | return db.CountryInfo.where('_id', '=', id.upper()).get().serialize() 60 | 61 | 62 | # Country language calls 63 | def get_countrylanguage(language: str): 64 | """ 65 | API Controlled method to retrieve: 66 | Arguements: 67 | - language language of the country to retrieve 68 | 69 | Returns a dict with requested data 70 | """ 71 | return db.CountryLanguage.where('Language', '=', language.capitalize()) \ 72 | .get() \ 73 | .serialize() 74 | 75 | 76 | def get_countrylanguage_all(): 77 | """ 78 | API Controlled method to retrieve: 79 | Arguements: 80 | - 81 | 82 | Returns a dict with requested data 83 | """ 84 | return db.CountryLanguage.all().get().serialize() 85 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/database/manager.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python core imports 2 | import os 3 | 4 | # Third-party imports 5 | from orator import DatabaseManager 6 | from orator import Model 7 | 8 | # Importing local models 9 | from models.city import city 10 | from models.country import country 11 | from models.countryinfo import countryinfo 12 | from models.countrylanguage import countrylanguage 13 | 14 | 15 | class Database: 16 | """ 17 | Contains database methods 18 | """ 19 | 20 | db = None 21 | config = {} 22 | 23 | City = None 24 | Country = None 25 | CountryInfo = None 26 | CountryLanguage = None 27 | 28 | # Config 29 | config = {} 30 | 31 | def __init__(self): 32 | """ 33 | Initializes a database instance and binds the models to it. 34 | 35 | Arguement(s) 36 | - self 37 | 38 | """ 39 | # Bind Models to local variables 40 | self.City = city 41 | self.Country = country 42 | self.CountryInfo = countryinfo 43 | self.CountryLanguage = countrylanguage 44 | 45 | # Set config 46 | self.config = { 47 | 'mysql': { 48 | 'driver': 'mysql', 49 | 'host': os.getenv('DB_HOST'), 50 | 'database': os.getenv('DB_NAME'), 51 | 'user': os.getenv('DB_USER'), 52 | 'password': os.getenv('DB_PASSWORD'), 53 | 'prefix': '' 54 | } 55 | } 56 | 57 | # Create database from config 58 | self.db = DatabaseManager(self.config) 59 | 60 | # Auto-resolve connection 61 | Model.set_connection_resolver(self.db) 62 | 63 | 64 | # Create public instance 65 | db = Database() 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/models/city.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Import base for the model 2 | from orator import Model 3 | 4 | class city(Model): 5 | __table__ = 'city' 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/models/country.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Import base for the model 2 | from orator import Model 3 | 4 | 5 | class country(Model): 6 | __table__ = 'country' 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/models/countryinfo.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Import base for the model 2 | from orator import Model 3 | 4 | 5 | class countryinfo(Model): 6 | __table__ = 'countryinfo' 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_api/models/countrylanguage.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Import base for the model 2 | from orator import Model 3 | 4 | 5 | class countrylanguage(Model): 6 | __table__ = 'countrylanguage' 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Sample web application 2 | This is a simple sample webapp built with flask, dash and orator. 3 | 4 | ## How to Install 5 | - run `pip3 install -r requirements_dashboard.txt` 6 | 7 | ## How to run 8 | - run app.py 9 | 10 | ## Extra 11 | There is a sample database set up but not yet used, 12 | this is so that it can be a base for you to build on. 13 | 14 | Simply import the sample_database.sql to get started! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python core imports 2 | import os 3 | import secrets 4 | 5 | # Third-party imports 6 | import dash 7 | import dash_bootstrap_components as dbc 8 | from flask import Flask 9 | 10 | # Local imports (relative) 11 | # from controllers.router import Router 12 | # from controllers.hello import Hello 13 | # from layouts.layouts import Layouts 14 | 15 | # Local imports (absolute) 16 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.controllers.router import Router 17 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.controllers.hello import Hello 18 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.layouts.layouts import Layouts 19 | 20 | 21 | # App variables 22 | debug = os.getenv('DEBUG') 23 | 24 | # Setting up flask for session management 25 | application = Flask(__name__) 26 | application.config.update( 27 | dict( 28 | SECRET_KEY=secrets.token_urlsafe(), 29 | WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY=secrets.token_urlsafe() 30 | ) 31 | ) 32 | 33 | # Setting up dash 34 | app = dash.Dash( 35 | __name__, 36 | server=application, 37 | external_stylesheets=[dbc.themes.FLATLY], 38 | suppress_callback_exceptions=True 39 | ) 40 | 41 | app.title = 'Sample webapp' 42 | app.layout = Layouts.base() 43 | 44 | # Registering the router 45 | Router(app) 46 | 47 | # Registering callbacks 48 | Hello(app) 49 | 50 | # Run 51 | if __name__ == '__main__': 52 | app.run_server(debug=debug) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/assets/main.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/josharsh/OPython-Init/11d33bfdcc8e35203edcec1efeb39506ea133d2a/Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/assets/main.js -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/assets/style.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/josharsh/OPython-Init/11d33bfdcc8e35203edcec1efeb39506ea133d2a/Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/assets/style.css -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/controllers/hello.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Third-party imports 2 | from dash import Dash 3 | from dash.dependencies import Input, Output 4 | 5 | class Hello: 6 | ''' 7 | Callback that greets the visitor 8 | ''' 9 | 10 | def __init__(self, app: Dash): 11 | @app.callback( 12 | Output('hello_output', 'children'), 13 | [Input('hello_input', 'value')] 14 | ) 15 | 16 | def update(hello_input: str): 17 | ''' 18 | Takes in one arguement(s); 19 | - : (str) 20 | 21 | Returns a layout_page matching requested pathname. 22 | ''' 23 | # Some validation 24 | if len(hello_input) > 2: 25 | return f'Hello {hello_input}! Welcome to the app!' 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/controllers/router.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Third-party imports 2 | from dash import Dash 3 | from dash.dependencies import Input, Output 4 | 5 | # Local imports (relative) 6 | # from layouts.layouts import Layouts 7 | # from data.session import Session 8 | 9 | # Local imports (absolute) 10 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.layouts.layouts import Layouts 11 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.data.session import Session 12 | 13 | 14 | class Router(): 15 | ''' 16 | Providing routing family 17 | ''' 18 | 19 | def __init__(self, app: Dash): 20 | @app.callback( 21 | Output( 22 | component_id='page_content', 23 | component_property='children' 24 | ), 25 | [Input( 26 | component_id='url', 27 | component_property='pathname' 28 | )] 29 | ) 30 | def redirect(pathname): 31 | ''' 32 | Takes in one arguement(s); 33 | - : (str) the url pathname to redirect to 34 | 35 | Returns a layout_page matching requested pathname. 36 | ''' 37 | if pathname == '/': 38 | Session['page'] = '/' 39 | return Layouts.index() 40 | 41 | if pathname == '/hello': 42 | Session['page'] = '/hello' 43 | return Layouts.hello() 44 | 45 | # Default if no pathname is matched 46 | Session['page'] = '/404' 47 | return Layouts.not_found() 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/data/session.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from flask.sessions import SecureCookieSession 2 | 3 | Session = SecureCookieSession() 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/database/manager.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python core imports 2 | import os 3 | 4 | # Third-party imports 5 | from orator import DatabaseManager 6 | from orator import Model 7 | 8 | # Local imports (relative) 9 | # from database.models import posts 10 | # from database.models import drafts 11 | # from database.models import users 12 | # from database.models import notes 13 | 14 | # Local imports (relative) 15 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.database.models import posts 16 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.database.models import drafts 17 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.database.models import users 18 | from Examples.sample_oo_dashboard.database.models import notes 19 | 20 | 21 | class Database: 22 | """ 23 | Provides database methods 24 | """ 25 | 26 | db = None 27 | Posts = None 28 | Drafts = None 29 | Users = None 30 | Notes = None 31 | 32 | config: dict 33 | 34 | # Config 35 | config = {} 36 | 37 | def __init__(self): 38 | """ 39 | Initializes a database instance and binds the models to it. 40 | 41 | Arguement(s) 42 | - self 43 | 44 | """ 45 | 46 | # Set config 47 | self.config = { 48 | 'mysql': { 49 | 'driver': 'mysql', 50 | 'host': os.getenv('DB_HOST'), 51 | 'database': os.getenv('DB_NAME'), 52 | 'user': os.getenv('DB_USER'), 53 | 'password': os.getenv('DB_PASSWORD'), 54 | 'prefix': '' 55 | } 56 | } 57 | 58 | # Bind Models to local variables 59 | self.Posts = posts 60 | self.Drafts = drafts 61 | self.Users = users 62 | self.Notes = notes 63 | 64 | # Create database from config 65 | self.db = DatabaseManager(self.config) 66 | 67 | # Auto-resolve connection 68 | Model.set_connection_resolver(self.db) 69 | 70 | 71 | # Create public instance 72 | db = Database() 73 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/database/models.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Import model base 2 | from orator import Model 3 | 4 | 5 | class posts(Model): 6 | __table__ = 'posts' 7 | pass 8 | 9 | 10 | class drafts(Model): 11 | __table__ = 'drafts' 12 | 13 | 14 | class users(Model): 15 | __table__ = 'users' 16 | pass 17 | 18 | 19 | class notes(Model): 20 | __table__ = 'notes' 21 | pass 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/database/sample_database.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -- ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 | -- TablePlus 2.9.1(264) 3 | -- 4 | -- https://tableplus.com/ 5 | -- 6 | -- Database: webapp 7 | -- Generation Time: 2019-10-03 19:05:13.8350 8 | -- ------------------------------------------------------------- 9 | 10 | 11 | /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; 12 | /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; 13 | /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; 14 | /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */; 15 | /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; 16 | /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; 17 | /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; 18 | /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; 19 | /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; 20 | /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; 21 | 22 | 23 | CREATE TABLE `drafts` ( 24 | `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 25 | `title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 26 | `content` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 27 | `created` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 28 | `last_updated` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 29 | PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 30 | UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) 31 | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; 32 | 33 | CREATE TABLE `events` ( 34 | `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 35 | `start` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 36 | `end` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 37 | `header` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 38 | `body` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 39 | PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 40 | UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) 41 | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; 42 | 43 | CREATE TABLE `notes` ( 44 | `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 45 | `title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 46 | `content` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 47 | `created` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 48 | `last_updated` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 49 | PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 50 | UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) 51 | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; 52 | 53 | CREATE TABLE `posts` ( 54 | `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 55 | `title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 56 | `content` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 57 | `created` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 58 | `last_updated` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 59 | PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 60 | UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) 61 | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; 62 | 63 | CREATE TABLE `users` ( 64 | `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 65 | `username` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 66 | `password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 67 | `email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 68 | `registered` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 69 | `last_updated` datetime DEFAULT NULL, 70 | `hash` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, 71 | PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 72 | UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) 73 | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; 79 | /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; 80 | /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; 81 | /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; 82 | /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; 83 | /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; 84 | /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; 85 | /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/layouts/layouts.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Third-party imports 2 | from dash_core_components import Location, Link as internal_link, Input 3 | from dash_html_components import Link as external_link 4 | from dash_html_components import Div, H1, P, Br 5 | from dash_bootstrap_components import Container, Row, Col 6 | 7 | 8 | class Layouts: 9 | ''' 10 | Contains all default layouts for the application as callable functions. 11 | ''' 12 | 13 | @staticmethod 14 | def base() -> Div: 15 | ''' 16 | Returns a dash website base 17 | ''' 18 | return Div([ 19 | Location(id='url', refresh=False), 20 | external_link( 21 | rel='icon', 22 | href='assets/img/favicon.ico' 23 | ), 24 | Div(id='page_content') 25 | ]) 26 | 27 | @staticmethod 28 | def index() -> Div: 29 | ''' 30 | Returns the app index page 31 | ''' 32 | return Container([ 33 | Row([ 34 | Col([ 35 | H1('Welcome to the Index Page'), 36 | P( 37 | 'You can visit a second page by' 38 | ' clicking the link below' 39 | ), 40 | internal_link('Hello Page', href='/hello'), 41 | ]) 42 | ]) 43 | ]) 44 | 45 | @staticmethod 46 | def not_found() -> Div: 47 | ''' 48 | Returns the 404 page not found page 49 | ''' 50 | return Container([ 51 | Row([ 52 | Col([ 53 | H1('404 Page not found'), 54 | internal_link('Home', href='/'), 55 | ]) 56 | ]) 57 | ]) 58 | 59 | @staticmethod 60 | def hello() -> Div: 61 | ''' 62 | Returns the hello page 63 | ''' 64 | return Container([ 65 | Row([ 66 | Col([ 67 | H1('Hello, World!'), 68 | Br(), 69 | Input( 70 | id='hello_input', 71 | value='', 72 | type='text', 73 | placeholder='Enter name', 74 | debounce=True 75 | ), 76 | Br(), 77 | Div(id='hello_output'), 78 | internal_link('Home', href='/'), 79 | ]) 80 | ]) 81 | ]) 82 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/sample_oo_dashboard/requirements_dashboard.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | backpack==0.1 2 | blinker==1.4 3 | cleo==0.6.8 4 | Click==7.0 5 | dash==1.3.1 6 | dash-bootstrap-components==0.7.1 7 | dash-core-components==1.2.1 8 | dash-html-components==1.0.1 9 | dash-renderer==1.1.0 10 | dash-table==4.3.0 11 | entrypoints==0.3 12 | Faker==0.8.18 13 | flake8==3.7.8 14 | Flask==1.1.1 15 | Flask-Compress==1.4.0 16 | future==0.17.1 17 | inflection==0.3.1 18 | itsdangerous==1.1.0 19 | Jinja2==2.10.1 20 | lazy-object-proxy==1.4.2 21 | MarkupSafe==1.1.1 22 | mccabe==0.6.1 23 | orator==0.9.9 24 | pastel==0.1.1 25 | pendulum==1.5.1 26 | plotly==4.1.1 27 | pyaml==16.12.2 28 | pycodestyle==2.5.0 29 | pyflakes==2.1.1 30 | Pygments==2.4.2 31 | pylev==1.3.0 32 | python-dateutil==2.8.0 33 | pytz==2019.2 34 | pytzdata==2019.3 35 | PyYAML==5.1.2 36 | retrying==1.3.3 37 | simplejson==3.16.0 38 | six==1.12.0 39 | text-unidecode==1.2 40 | tzlocal==1.5.1 41 | Werkzeug==0.16.0 42 | wrapt==1.11.2 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Examples/stack.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # Stack 3 | * A stack is a group of elements stored in LIFO (Last In First Out) order. The element which is stored as a last element into the stack 4 | * will be the first element to be removed from the stack. The stack is used by operating system to save the program execution environment. 5 | * basically there are five operations we are performing on stack. 6 | * Push operation: Inserting element into stack 7 | * Pop operation: Removing element from stack 8 | * Search operation: Searching an element in the stack 9 | * Peep/Peak operation: Returning the topmost element of the stack without deleting the element 10 | * Empty stack operation: Returning stack is empty or not 11 | 12 | 13 | # Stack class 14 | class Stack: 15 | def __init__(self): 16 | self.st = [] 17 | 18 | # checking stack is empty or not 19 | def isempty(self): 20 | return self.st == [] 21 | 22 | # Inserting an element in the list 23 | def push(self): 24 | self.st.append(element) 25 | 26 | # Removing the last element from the list 27 | def pop(self): 28 | if self.isempty(): 29 | return - 1 30 | else: 31 | self.st.pop() 32 | 33 | # Returning the topmost element from the list 34 | def peek(self): 35 | num = len(self.st) 36 | return self.st[num - 1] 37 | 38 | 39 | # Searching an element in the list and return its index position 40 | def search(self, element): 41 | if self.isempty(): 42 | return -1 43 | else: 44 | try: 45 | num = self.st.index(element) 46 | return len(self.st) - num 47 | except valueError: 48 | return 2 49 | 50 | # Display the operations 51 | def display(self): 52 | return self.st 53 | 54 | 55 | #### This is a basic Stack data structure usin OOP programming in python. 56 | A stack is a data structure which uses a LIFO(Last In First Out) order to preform operations. 57 | Last In First Out means that the last item to be added to the stack will be the first one to be taken out 58 | It is used in many cases. For example internet search history and creating programming languages. 59 | This program is a bare bones version but can be improved and added to 60 | Python implements a Stack by using a list. 61 | The list contains all the information held in the stack and we use python list functions within our stack methods. 62 | # Example 2 63 | class Stack(object): 64 | 65 | def __init__(self): 66 | self.l = [] 67 | 68 | def push(self, arg): 69 | self.l.append(arg) 70 | 71 | def pop(self): 72 | return self.l.pop() 73 | 74 | def top(self): 75 | return self.l[-1] 76 | 77 | def __len__(self): 78 | return len(self.l) 79 | 80 | def is_empty(self): 81 | return len(self) == 0 82 | 83 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 1 - Introduction to Python/Introduction.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Python: An Introduction. 2 | 3 | Designed by Guido van Rossum, Python is a popular open source programming language released in 1991. It is a general-purpose, high-level programming language maintained by the Python Software Foundation. 4 | 5 | Before you head forward, it is important to note that there are two major Python versions- Python 2 and Python 3. Both the versions have significant differences. 6 | 7 | 8 | ## Why Learn Python: 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | * Simple to Learn 13 | * Free & open source 14 | * High-level 15 | * Emphasizes code readability 16 | * Interpreted 17 | * Dynamically typed language(No need to mention data type based on value assigned, it takes data type) 18 | * Object-oriented language 19 | * Large Community Support 20 | * Portable across Operating systems 21 | * And many other reasons you will discover yourself while learning it. 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## Downloading and Installing Python: 26 | 27 | You can download python from here: [https://www.python.org/downloads/](https://www.python.org/downloads/) 28 | 29 | For a detailed tutorial on installation refer to this or any other site on the Internet: [https://realpython.com/installing-python/](https://realpython.com/installing-python/) 30 | 31 | 32 | ## Python Capabilities: 33 | 34 | (Source: [https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp)) 35 | 36 | * Python can be used on a server to create web applications. 37 | * Python can be used GUI based desktop applications. 38 | * Python can be used alongside software to create workflows. 39 | * Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files. 40 | * Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics. 41 | * Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development. 42 | 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 1 - Introduction to Python/intro.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ''' 2 | Beginning with Python programming: 3 | 4 | Finding an Interpreter: 5 | 6 | Before we start Python programming, we need to have an interpreter to interpret and run our programs. 7 | There are certain online interpreters like http://ideone.com/ or http://codepad.org/ that can be used to start Python 8 | without installing an interpreter. 9 | 10 | Windows:There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like IDLE ( Integrated Development Environment ) 11 | which is installed when you install the python software from http://python.org/ 12 | 13 | Linux:For Linux, Python comes bundled with the linux. 14 | 15 | ''' 16 | #first program in Python 17 | # Script Begins 18 | 19 | print("Hello!!") 20 | 21 | # Scripts Ends 22 | ''' 23 | OUTPUT 24 | Hello!! 25 | ''' 26 | ''' 27 | NOTE 28 | In a Python script to print something on the console print() function is used – it simply prints out a line ( and also 29 | includes a newline unlike in C ). One difference between Python 2 and Python 3 is the print statement. In Python 2, the “print” 30 | atement is not a function, and therefore can be invoked without a parenthesis. However, in Python 3, it is a function, and must 31 | invoked with parentheses. 32 | ''' 33 | ''' 34 | A suggestion would be to visit the documentation page of Python and study the keywords, functions, classes before actually 35 | going ahead with python programming. 36 | ''' 37 | 38 | # Variables 39 | x = 5 40 | y = "John" 41 | print(x) 42 | print(y) 43 | 44 | # String Operations 45 | a = "Hello" 46 | b = "World" 47 | print(a+b) 48 | 49 | # For loop travesing a list 50 | fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] 51 | for x in fruits: 52 | print(x) 53 | 54 | # For loop iterating 6 times 55 | for i in range(6): 56 | print(i) 57 | 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 2 - Using Functions/Function.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def say(phrase): 2 | print(phrase) 3 | 4 | say("Python") 5 | 6 | ############################################################# 7 | 8 | def yello(phrase): 9 | print(phrase.upper() + "!") 10 | 11 | yello("Yepp") 12 | 13 | 14 | ############################################################# 15 | 16 | def hey(phrase = "Gooden Morden"): 17 | print(phrase, '!') 18 | 19 | hey() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 2 - Using Functions/functions.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Functions in Python 2 | 3 | 4 | ## Brief Introduction: 5 | 6 | (Source: [https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_functions.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_functions.asp)) 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | * A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.It performs a specific task. 11 | * You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. 12 | * A function can return data as a result to the calling function. 13 | 14 | 15 | ### Python Sample program to display the use of functions: 16 | ``` 17 | #This function checks whether the entered number is a multiple of 5 or not: 18 | def check( x ): 19 | if (x % 5 == 0): 20 | print "Yes" 21 | else: 22 | print "No" 23 | #Driver code 24 | check(2) 25 | check(3) 26 | ``` 27 | 28 | In python we can also assign functions to variables 29 | 30 | ``` 31 | evenOdd = check 32 | #Driver code 33 | evenOdd(2) 34 | evenOdd(3) 35 | #the output will be same as of previous function calls: check(2) , check(3) 36 | 37 | ``` 38 | 39 | ## Creating a Function 40 | 41 | In Python a function is defined using the `def` keyword: 42 | 43 | 44 | ``` 45 | def my_function(): 46 | print("I am a Function") 47 | ``` 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## Calling a Function 52 | 53 | To call a function, use the function name followed by parenthesis: 54 | 55 | 56 | ``` 57 | def my_function(): 58 | print("Hello from a function") 59 | 60 | my_function() 61 | ``` 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | #### With this short and crisp refresher on functions in python, the Lesson will now walk you through some in-built functions in python. It is expected that you have preliminary programming knowledge (Iterators, Conditions, Syntax, Semantics, etc.) 66 | 67 | 68 | # MODULE 1: CREATING A REMINDER APP 69 | 70 | Before heading further to module 1, It is important to know where the functions of python are stored. Python uses the concept of libraries to store functions and classes (later in this course). 71 | 72 | 73 | # The Python Standard Library 74 | 75 | 76 | (Source:[https://docs.python.org/3/library/](https://docs.python.org/3/library/)) 77 | 78 | While [The Python Language Reference](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html#reference-index) describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language, this library reference manual describes the standard library that is distributed with Python. It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distributions. 79 | 80 | 81 | ### Task 1: Create a python script to set a reminder in about a fix duration of time that opens a youtube video using the concept of functions in python. 82 | 83 | (This can be used to take a break from long and continuous computer hours) 84 | 85 | 86 | ### Assistance: 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | * Python Standard Library has a module called 'webbrowser' 91 | * Check on Resources to get the solution 92 | 93 | 94 | ### TASK 2: There is a message to be decoded. There have been pictures of file format .jpg which have to be renamed in such a way that the digits in the names have to be removed which upon sorting would show a message. There is a folder containing all those images along this lesson. Write a python script to do the needful 95 | 96 | (Wait What??....Yes! This can be playful with your friends.) 97 | 98 | 99 | ### Assistance: 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | * Python Standard Library has a module called 'os' 104 | * Use listdir function inside the os module 105 | * Refer to the Internet for complete documentation of os module 106 | * Check on Resources to get the solution 107 | 108 | 109 | # About Used Modules: 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | * [https://docs.python.org/2/library/webbrowser.html](https://docs.python.org/2/library/webbrowser.html) 114 | * [https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html](https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html) 115 | 116 | 117 | Refer to [https://data-flair.training/blogs/python-built-in-functions/](https://data-flair.training/blogs/python-built-in-functions/) for a list of python inbuilt functions and explore their potential. 118 | 119 | 120 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 2 - Using Functions/prank/athens.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/josharsh/OPython-Init/11d33bfdcc8e35203edcec1efeb39506ea133d2a/Lesson 2 - 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Using Functions/prank/tel aviv.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 3 - Introduction to OOP Concepts/inheritance.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | class p: 2 | def __init__(self, x): 3 | self.x = x 4 | def display_p(self): 5 | print(self.x) 6 | 7 | class a: 8 | def __init__(self, x): 9 | self.x = x 10 | def display_a(self): 11 | print(self.x) 12 | 13 | obA = a(2) 14 | obA.display_a() 15 | 16 | class b(a): #example of single level inheritance of a in b 17 | def __init__(self, x,y): 18 | a.__init__(self,x) 19 | self.y = y 20 | def display_b(self): 21 | print(self.x, self.y) 22 | obB = b(2,3) 23 | obB.display_b() 24 | 25 | class c(b): #example of muti-level inheritance of a in b and then b in c 26 | def __init__(self, x, y ,z): 27 | a.__init__(self, x) 28 | b.__init__(self, x, y) 29 | self.z = z 30 | def display_c(self): 31 | print(self.x,self.y,self.z) 32 | 33 | obC = c(2,3,4) 34 | obC.display_c() 35 | 36 | class d(a, p): #multiple inheritance example 37 | def __init__(self, x, y, z): 38 | a.__init__(self,x) 39 | self.z = z 40 | def display_d(self): 41 | print(self.x, self.z) 42 | obD = d(2,34, 5) 43 | obD.display_d() 44 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 3 - Introduction to OOP Concepts/oops.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | # Object-Oriented Basics Using Python 4 | 5 | (Source: [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_classes_objects.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_classes_objects.htm)) 6 | 7 | Python has been an object-oriented language since it existed. Because of this, creating and using classes and objects are downright easy. This chapter helps you become an expert in using Python's object-oriented programming support.If you do not have any previous experience with object-oriented (OO) programming, you may want to consult an introductory course on it or at least a tutorial of some sort so that you have a grasp of the basic concepts.However, here is a small introduction of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to bring you at speed − 8 | 9 | 10 | ## Overview of OOP Terminology 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | * Class − A user-defined prototype for an object that defines a set of attributes that characterize an object of the class. The attributes are data members (class variables and instance variables) and methods, accessed via dot notation. 15 | * Class variable − A variable that is shared by all instances of a class. Class variables are defined within a class but outside any of the class's methods. Class variables are not used as frequently as instance variables are. 16 | * Data member − A class variable or instance variable that holds data associated with a class and its objects. 17 | * Function overloading − The assignment of more than one behavior to a particular function. The operation performed varies by the types of objects or arguments involved. 18 | * Instance variable − A variable that is defined inside a method and belongs only to the current instance of a class. 19 | * Inheritance − The transfer of the characteristics of a class to other classes that are derived from it. 20 | * Instance − An individual object of a certain class. An object obj that belongs to a class Circle, for example, is an instance of the class Circle. 21 | * Instantiation − The creation of an instance of a class. 22 | * Method − A special kind of function that is defined in a class definition. 23 | * Object − A unique instance of a data structure that's defined by its class. An object comprises both data members (class variables and instance variables) and methods. 24 | * Operator overloading − The assignment of more than one function to a particular operator. 25 | 26 | EXAMPLE: 27 | 28 | 29 | ``` 30 | class Student: 31 | 'Common base class for all Students' 32 | stuCount = 0 33 | 34 | def __init__(self, name, marks): 35 | self.name = name 36 | self.marks = marks 37 | Student.stuCount += 1 38 | 39 | def displayCount(self): 40 | print "Total Student %d" % Student.stuCount 41 | 42 | def displayStudent(self): 43 | print "Name : ", self.name, ", marks: ", self.marks 44 | ``` 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | ## **Python Objects (Instances)** 49 | 50 | (Source: [https://realpython.com/python3-object-oriented-programming/](https://realpython.com/python3-object-oriented-programming/)) 51 | 52 | While the class is the blueprint, an _instance_ is a copy of the class with _actual_ values, literally an object belonging to a specific class. It's not an idea anymore; it's an actual animal, like a dog named Roger who's eight years old. 53 | 54 | Put another way, a class is like a form or questionnaire. It defines the needed information. After you fill out the form, your specific copy is an instance of the class; it contains actual information relevant to you. 55 | 56 | You can fill out multiple copies to create many different instances, but without the form as a guide, you would be lost, not knowing what information is required. Thus, before you can create individual instances of an object, we must first specify what is needed by defining a class. 57 | 58 | ### CREATING CLASS AND OBJECT IN PYTHON 59 | 60 | ``` 61 | class Parrot: 62 | 63 | # class attribute 64 | species = "bird" 65 | 66 | # instance attribute 67 | def __init__(self, name, age): 68 | self.name = name 69 | self.age = age 70 | ``` 71 | # instantiate the Parrot class 72 | ~~~ 73 | blu = Parrot("Blu", 10) 74 | woo = Parrot("Woo", 15) 75 | ~~~ 76 | # access the class attributes 77 | ~~~ 78 | print("Blu is a {}".format(blu.__class__.species)) 79 | print("Woo is also a {}".format(woo.__class__.species)) 80 | ~~~ 81 | # access the instance attributes 82 | ~~~ 83 | print("{} is {} years old".format( blu.name, blu.age)) 84 | print("{} is {} years old".format( woo.name, woo.age)) 85 | ~~~ 86 | 87 | ## **Python Inheritance ** 88 | 89 | (Source: [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/oop-in-python-set-3-inheritance-examples-of-object-issubclass-and-super/](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/oop-in-python-set-3-inheritance-examples-of-object-issubclass-and-super/) 90 | 91 | Inheritance is one of the core concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) languages. It is a mechanism where you can to derive a class from another class for a hierarchy of classes that share a set of attributes and methods. 92 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 3 - Introduction to OOP Concepts/oops.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #class 2 | class Tiger: 3 | pass 4 | 5 | #object 6 | obj = Tiger() 7 | 8 | #Creating Class and Object in Python 9 | class Tiger: 10 | 11 | # class attribute 12 | species = "animal" 13 | 14 | # instance attribute 15 | def __init__(self, name, age): 16 | self.name = name 17 | self.age = age 18 | 19 | # instantiate the Tiger class 20 | blu = Tiger("Blu", 10) 21 | woo = Tiger("Woo", 15) 22 | 23 | # access the class attributes 24 | print("Blu is a {}".format(blu.__class__.species)) 25 | print("Woo is also a {}".format(woo.__class__.species)) 26 | 27 | # access the instance attributes 28 | print("{} is {} years old".format( blu.name, blu.age)) 29 | print("{} is {} years old".format( woo.name, woo.age)) 30 | 31 | '''OUTPUT 32 | Blu is a tiger 33 | Woo is also a tiger 34 | Blu is 10 years old 35 | Woo is 15 years old''' 36 | 37 | #Creating Methods in Python 38 | class Tiger: 39 | 40 | # instance attributes 41 | def __init__(self, name, age): 42 | self.name = name 43 | self.age = age 44 | 45 | # instance method 46 | def growl(self, growl): 47 | return "{} growls {}".format(self.name, growl) 48 | 49 | def hunt(self): 50 | return "{} is now hunting".format(self.name) 51 | 52 | # instantiate the object 53 | blu = Tiger("Blu", 10) 54 | 55 | # call our instance methods 56 | print(blu.growl("'GROWL'")) 57 | print(blu.hunt()) 58 | 59 | '''OUTPUT 60 | Blu growls 'GROWL' 61 | Blu is now hunting''' 62 | 63 | #Use of Inheritance in Python 64 | # parent class 65 | class Bird: 66 | 67 | def __init__(self): 68 | print("Bird is ready") 69 | 70 | def whoisThis(self): 71 | print("Bird") 72 | 73 | def swim(self): 74 | print("Swim faster") 75 | 76 | # child class 77 | class Penguin(Bird): 78 | 79 | def __init__(self): 80 | # call super() function 81 | super().__init__() 82 | print("Penguin is ready") 83 | 84 | def whoisThis(self): 85 | print("Penguin") 86 | 87 | def run(self): 88 | print("Run faster") 89 | 90 | peggy = Penguin() 91 | peggy.whoisThis() 92 | peggy.swim() 93 | peggy.run() 94 | 95 | '''OUTPUT 96 | Bird is ready 97 | Penguin is ready 98 | Penguin 99 | Swim faster 100 | Run faster''' 101 | 102 | #Data Encapsulation in Python 103 | class Computer: 104 | 105 | def __init__(self): 106 | self.__maxprice = 900 107 | 108 | def sell(self): 109 | print("Selling Price: {}".format(self.__maxprice)) 110 | 111 | def setMaxPrice(self, price): 112 | self.__maxprice = price 113 | 114 | c = Computer() 115 | c.sell() 116 | 117 | # change the price 118 | c.__maxprice = 1000 119 | c.sell() 120 | 121 | # using setter function 122 | c.setMaxPrice(1000) 123 | c.sell() 124 | 125 | '''OUTPUT 126 | Selling Price: 900 127 | Selling Price: 900 128 | Selling Price: 1000''' 129 | 130 | #Using Polymorphism in Python 131 | class Parrot: 132 | 133 | def fly(self): 134 | print("Parrot can fly") 135 | 136 | def swim(self): 137 | print("Parrot can't swim") 138 | 139 | class Penguin: 140 | 141 | def fly(self): 142 | print("Penguin can't fly") 143 | 144 | def swim(self): 145 | print("Penguin can swim") 146 | 147 | # common interface 148 | def flying_test(bird): 149 | bird.fly() 150 | 151 | #instantiate objects 152 | blu = Parrot() 153 | peggy = Penguin() 154 | 155 | # passing the object 156 | flying_test(blu) 157 | flying_test(peggy) 158 | 159 | '''OUTPUT 160 | Parrot can fly 161 | Penguin can't fly''' 162 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 4 - OOP Implementation/TurtleTutorial.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from turtle import * 2 | 3 | # Welcome this is the turtle tutorial 4 | # Turtle library is a drawing library check them out on 5 | # https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/turtle.html?highlight=turtle#turtle.speed 6 | 7 | # To make a square we have to move forward then a direction 4 times. 8 | 9 | for i in range(4): # Start a loop 10 | forward(100) # Move forward 11 | right(90) # Turn 12 | 13 | # Now we just need to make a circle by a square 14 | # To make it easy for us let us make a function to the square 15 | 16 | def square(): 17 | for i in range(4): 18 | forward(100) 19 | right(90) 20 | speed(0) 21 | # return None 22 | 23 | for i in range(360): 24 | square() 25 | right(1) 26 | speed(0) 27 | 28 | # And if you want to speed up stuff and get the result faster 29 | # speed(10) # 0 is the fastest while 1 is the slowest, 10 is fast 30 | 31 | # Have fun and try out different challenges -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 4 - OOP Implementation/Twilio.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # from twilio.rest import Client 2 | 3 | # Do a pip install twilio 4 | # Go to twilio.com to make an account and open project. 5 | 6 | # # Your Account SID from twilio.com/console 7 | # account_sid = "SAME THING AS BELOW" 8 | # # Your Auth Token from twilio.com/console 9 | # auth_token = "Your OWN AUTH TOKEN FROM CONSOLE" 10 | 11 | # client = Client(account_sid, auth_token) 12 | 13 | # message = client.messages.create( 14 | # to="+Your-Own-Number-Please", 15 | # from_="+The-Number-In-your-Console", 16 | # body="Hello from Python! LUG_VCU") 17 | 18 | # print(message.sid) 19 | 20 | # Idea's to increase on this project 21 | 22 | # Parse data from sports sites and send scores and updates 23 | # Make a diy security system. OpenCV, rasberry pi and twilio 24 | # Parse motivating quotes and send them to your self. 25 | # Don't just limit yourself to words. Send cat images to your self along with a yasuo highlight. 26 | 27 | # The twilio module has a lot of stuff check their documentation. 28 | # https://www.twilio.com/docs/libraries/python -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 4 - OOP Implementation/oopimplementation.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # OOP Implementation Using Python 2 | 3 | 4 | ## TASK 1: Refer the Internet for turtle module of Python. Study about Class implementation from given repository resources and write a python script for making an animation of multiple squares deviating at an angle to form a circle. 5 | 6 | 7 | ## Assistance: 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | * Python Standard Library has a module called 'turtle' 12 | * turtle module has a class called Turtle 13 | * Calling turtle.Turtle() instantiates the class. 14 | * Refer to the Internet for turtle documentation 15 | * Check on Resources to get the solution 16 | 17 | 18 | ## TASK 2: Using Twilio module of python (which is not a part of Standard Python Library) write a python script that can send a message to a phone number. Study about Twilio and python usage from the Internet. 19 | 20 | (Messages from a small piece of code?? Interesting!) 21 | 22 | 23 | ## Assistance: 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | * Study about module called Twilio 28 | * Twilio account in needed to use the API 29 | * Be careful about Auth Token 30 | * Refer to the Internet for complete documentation of Twilio module 31 | * Check on Resources to get the solution 32 | 33 | 34 | # About Used Modules: 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | * [https://www.twilio.com/docs/libraries/python](https://www.twilio.com/docs/libraries/python) 39 | * [https://docs.python.org/2/library/turtle.html](https://docs.python.org/2/library/turtle.html) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 5 - Web Sraping/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | **Web Scraping** 2 | 3 | Web scraping is a technique to automatically access and extract large amounts of information from a website, which can save a huge amount of time and effort. In this article, we will go through an easy example of how to automate downloading hundreds of files from the New York MTA. This is a great exercise for web scraping beginners who are looking to understand how to web scrape. Web scraping can be slightly intimidating, so this tutorial will break down the process of how to go about the process. 4 | 5 | ** ** 6 | 7 | **New York MTA Data** 8 | 9 | We will be downloading turnstile data from this site: 10 | 11 | ``` 12 | http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html 13 | ``` 14 | 15 | Turnstile data is compiled every week from May 2010 to present, so hundreds of .txt files exist on the site. Each date is a link to the .txt file that you can download. 16 | 17 | It would be torturous to manually right click on each link and save to your desktop. Luckily, there’s web-scraping! 18 | 19 | **Important notes about web scraping:** 20 | 1. Read through the website’s Terms and Conditions to understand how you can legally use the data. Most sites prohibit you from using the data for commercial purposes. 21 | 22 | 2. Make sure you are not downloading data at too rapid a rate because this may break the website. You may potentially be blocked from the site as well. 23 | 24 | **Inspecting the Website** 25 | 26 | The first thing that we need to do is to figure out where we can locate the links to the files we want to download inside the multiple levels of HTML tags. Simply put, there is a lot of code on a website page and we want to find the relevant pieces of code that contains our data. If you are not familiar with HTML tags, refer to W3Schools [Tutorials](http://www.w3schools.com/). It is important to understand the basics of HTML in order to successfully web scrape. 27 | 28 | On the website, right click and click on “Inspect”. This allows you to see the raw code behind the site. 29 | 30 | Once you’ve clicked on “Inspect”, you should see this console pop up. 31 | 32 | **Console** 33 | 34 | Notice that on the top left of the console, there is an arrow symbol. 35 | 36 | If you click on this arrow and then click on an area of the site itself, the code for that particular item will be highlighted in the console. I’ve clicked on the very first data file, Saturday, September 22, 2018 and the console has highlighted in blue the link to that particular file. 37 | 38 | ``` 39 | Saturday, September 22, 2018 40 | ``` 41 | 42 | Notice that all the .txt files are inside the `` tag following the line above. As you do more web scraping, you will find that the `` is used for hyperlinks. 43 | 44 | Now that we’ve identified the location of the links, let’s get started on coding! 45 | 46 | ** ** 47 | 48 | **Python Code** 49 | 50 | We start by importing the following libraries. 51 | 52 | ``` 53 | import requests 54 | import urllib.request 55 | import time 56 | from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 57 | ``` 58 | 59 | Next, we set the url to the website and access the site with our requests library. 60 | 61 | ``` 62 | url = 'http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html' 63 | response = requests.get(url) 64 | ``` 65 | 66 | If the access was successful, you should see the following output: 67 | 68 | Next we parse the html with BeautifulSoup so that we can work with a nicer, nested BeautifulSoup data structure. If you are interested in learning more about this library, check out the [BeatifulSoup documentation](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/). 69 | 70 | ``` 71 | soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser") 72 | ``` 73 | 74 | We use the method .findAll to locate all of our `` tags. 75 | 76 | ``` 77 | soup.findAll('a') 78 | ``` 79 | 80 | This code gives us every line of code that has an `` tag. The information that we are interested in starts on line 36. Not all links are relevant to what we want, but most of it is, so we can easily slice from line 36. Below is a subset of what BeautifulSoup returns to us when we call the code above. 81 | 82 | **subset of all tags** 83 | 84 | Next, let’s extract the actual link that we want. Let’s test out the first link. 85 | 86 | ``` 87 | one_a_tag = soup.findAll('a')[36] 88 | link = one_a_tag['href'] 89 | ``` 90 | 91 | This code saves ‘data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_180922.txt’ to our variable link. The full url to download the data is actually http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_180922.txt which I discovered by clicking on the first data file on the website as a test. We can use our `urllib.request library to download this file path to our computer. We provide request.urlretrieve with two parameters: file url and the filename. For my files, I named them “turnstile_180922.txt”, “turnstile_180901”, etc. 92 | 93 | ``` 94 | download_url = 'http://web.mta.info/developers/'+ link 95 | urllib.request.urlretrieve(download_url,'./'+link[link.find('/turnstile_')+1:]) 96 | ``` 97 | 98 | Last but not least, we should include this line of code so that we can pause our code for a second so that we are not spamming the website with requests. This helps us avoid getting flagged as a spammer. 99 | 100 | ``` 101 | time.sleep(1) 102 | ``` 103 | 104 | Now that we understand how to download a file, let’s try downloading the entire set of data files with a for loop. The code below contains the entire set of code for web scraping the NY MTA turnstile data. 105 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 5 - Web Sraping/Web Scraping.md.docx: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/josharsh/OPython-Init/11d33bfdcc8e35203edcec1efeb39506ea133d2a/Lesson 5 - Web Sraping/Web Scraping.md.docx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/BooleanStringTest.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | print("python".isalnum()) 2 | print("3".isdigit()) 3 | print("3rd".isalnum()) 4 | print("Hii".islower()) 5 | print("Super".startswith("s")) 6 | print("Harry Potter".istitle()) 7 | length = "3" 8 | print("s") 9 | print(length.isalnum()) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/FormatString.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | print("Python is awesome".capitalize()) 2 | print("PYTHON IS KING".lower()) 3 | print("python is hot".upper()) 4 | print("Harry potter and the half-blood prince".title()) 5 | print("AVENGER:the war of infinity".swapcase()) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/FormatStringInput.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import string # make sure that you import string to utilize the .capwords() method 2 | 3 | favColor = input("What is your favorite color?:-").upper() # makes every letter CAPITAL 4 | print(favColor) 5 | 6 | # or 7 | 8 | favColor = input("What's your favorite color?:-") 9 | print(favColor.capitalize()) # will capitalize first character and convert all other characters to lower case. Does 10 | # not work if the first character is not a letter (empty space, number, etc.). See example below: 11 | 12 | capitalizeExample = "the quick brown FOX jumps ovEr the lazy DOG" # this will print when you run the file, but take note of the formatting 13 | print('This is the string prior to calling the .capitalize() method on it: -->', 14 | capitalizeExample) # this is the string 15 | # prior to calling the capitalize method on it 16 | print('This is what happens after calling .capitalize() on the string: -->', capitalizeExample.capitalize()) 17 | 18 | # or 19 | 20 | favColor = input("What's are your favorite colors?:-") 21 | print(string.capwords( 22 | favColor)) # utilize string.capwords() method from Python library to make the first letter of every word capitalized 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/StringComparison.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name = input("Enter name: ") 2 | 3 | if name.lower() < "c": 4 | print("less than") 5 | else: 6 | print("greater than") -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/StringLength.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | word = "Hey Python" 2 | print(len(word)) 3 | 4 | len_word = len(word) 5 | mid_pt = int(len_word/2) 6 | 7 | print(word[mid_pt:]) 8 | print(word[:mid_pt]) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Lesson 6 - String Manipulation/StringSlicing.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 -> index 2 | word = "photosynthesis" # p h o t o s y n t h e s i s 3 | 4 | #OBS: always stops at the previous index(number) 5 | 6 | 7 | print(word[2:7]) -> #Result: otosy -> #strts from 2 and ends before 7 8 | 9 | print(word[:5]) -> #Result: photo -> #ends before 5 10 | 11 | print(word[:]) -> #Result: photosynthesis -> #print whole string 12 | 13 | print(word[::3]) -> #Result: ptyhi -> #print 0 and multiple of 3 afterwards 14 | 15 | print(word[3::3]) -> #Result: tyhi -> #print 3 and multiple of 3 afterwards 16 | 17 | print(word[:-1]) -> #Result: photosynthesi -> #ends before -1 18 | 19 | print(word[:-7]) -> #Result: photosy -> #ends before -7 20 | 21 | print(word[::-1]) -> #Result: sisehtnysotohp -> #print string in reverse 22 | 23 | print(word[5::-1]) -> #Result: sotohp -> #print reverse till 5 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Learning-Object-Oriented-Python 2 | ![](https://www.codetriage.com/josharsh/learning-object-oriented-python/badges/users.svg) 3 | This repository walks you through the Object Oriented Programming in python. Illustrates real world examples, working codes and going about finding a coding solution. 4 | 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Resources/Code Solutions/Reminder_App/takeabreak.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import webbrowser 2 | import time 3 | total_time=3 4 | time_counter=0 5 | print("This Program started on "+time.ctime()) 6 | while(time_counter