├── hello.py
├── hello.rs
├── Dockerfile.hello-py.python
├── pyds.py
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc
├── Dockerfile.hello-py.python-alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang
├── Dockerfile.pyyaml.python
├── hello.c
├── hello.go
├── pyyaml.py
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine
├── Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-slim
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk
├── Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.amazoncorretto
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-alpine
├── hello.java
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.ubuntu
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.debian
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch
├── Dockerfile.pyds.python
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch-string
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.busybox-glibc
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-noworkdir.err
├── Dockerfile.pyds.python-slim
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.scratch
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.alpine
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.ubuntu
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-workdir
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-jre
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-alpine.alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine-static.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-11.openjdk-11-jre
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
├── Dockerfile.pyds.alpine
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox-glibc
├── Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch
├── docker-compose.err.yaml
├── Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine.python-alpine
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.eclipse-temurin.native-image.scratch
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-jlink.ubuntu
├── whatsmyip.go
├── Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-alpine-jlink.alpine
├── mkcompose.sh
├── Dockerfile.pyds.alpine.alpine
├── README.md
└── docker-compose.yaml


/hello.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | print("Hello, world!")
3 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/hello.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | fn main () {
2 |   println!("Hello, world!");
3 | }
4 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-py.python:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python
2 | COPY hello.py .
3 | CMD ["./hello.py"]
4 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/pyds.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | import matplotlib
3 | import pandas
4 | import numpy
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
4 | CMD ["./hello"]
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-py.python-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python:alpine
2 | COPY hello.py .
3 | CMD ["./hello.py"]
4 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | CMD ["./hello"]
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | CMD ["./hello"]
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyyaml.python:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python
2 | RUN pip install pyyaml
3 | COPY pyyaml.py .
4 | CMD ./pyyaml.py
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/hello.c:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #include <stdio.h>
2 | 
3 | int main () {
4 |   puts("Hello, world!");
5 |   return 0;
6 | }
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/hello.go:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package main
2 | 
3 | import "fmt"
4 | 
5 | func main () {
6 |   fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
7 | }
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/pyyaml.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | import yaml
3 | print(yaml.dump(dict(hello=[1,2,3], world="soleil")))
4 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust:alpine
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | CMD ["./hello"]
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-slim:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python:slim
2 | RUN pip install pyyaml
3 | COPY pyyaml.py .
4 | CMD ./pyyaml.py
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python:alpine
2 | RUN pip install pyyaml
3 | COPY pyyaml.py .
4 | CMD ./pyyaml.py
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM alpine
2 | RUN apk add build-base
3 | COPY hello.c .
4 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
5 | CMD ["./hello"]
6 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.amazoncorretto:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM amazoncorretto
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk:alpine
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/hello.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class hello {
2 |   public static void main(String [] args) {
3 |     System.out.println("Hello, world!");
4 |   }
5 | }
6 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.ubuntu:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
4 | FROM ubuntu
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.debian:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | FROM debian
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyds.python:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python
2 | RUN pip install matplotlib
3 | RUN pip install numpy
4 | RUN pip install pandas
5 | COPY pyds.py .
6 | CMD ["./pyds.py"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c -static
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch-string:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/hello .
6 | CMD ./hello
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust:alpine
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.busybox-glibc:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM rust
2 | COPY hello.rs .
3 | RUN rustc hello.rs
4 | FROM busybox:glibc
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM gcc
2 | COPY hello.c .
3 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c -static
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-noworkdir.err:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | FROM ubuntu
5 | COPY --from=0 hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyds.python-slim:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python:slim
2 | RUN pip install matplotlib
3 | RUN pip install numpy
4 | RUN pip install pandas
5 | COPY pyds.py .
6 | CMD ["./pyds.py"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang:alpine
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang:alpine
2 | COPY hello.go .
3 | RUN go build hello.go
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/hello .
6 | CMD ["./hello"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
6 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.ubuntu:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM ubuntu
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
6 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM busybox
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
6 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM scratch
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
6 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM alpine
2 | RUN apk add build-base
3 | COPY hello.c .
4 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c
5 | FROM alpine
6 | COPY --from=0 hello .
7 | CMD ["./hello"]
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-workdir:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | WORKDIR /src
3 | COPY hello.go .
4 | RUN go build hello.go
5 | FROM ubuntu
6 | COPY --from=0 /src/hello .
7 | CMD ["./hello"]
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-jre:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | FROM openjdk:jre
5 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
6 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-alpine.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang:alpine
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
6 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine-static.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM alpine
2 | RUN apk add build-base
3 | COPY hello.c .
4 | RUN gcc -o hello hello.c -static
5 | FROM scratch
6 | COPY --from=0 hello .
7 | CMD ["./hello"]
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-11.openjdk-11-jre:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk:11
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | FROM openjdk:11-jre
5 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
6 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-8-jre-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
6 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM openjdk:8
2 | COPY hello.java .
3 | RUN javac hello.java
4 | FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
5 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
6 | CMD exec java -cp . hello
7 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyds.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM python:alpine
2 | RUN apk add build-base freetype-dev jpeg-dev libzip-dev
3 | RUN pip install matplotlib
4 | RUN pip install numpy
5 | RUN pip install pandas
6 | COPY pyds.py .
7 | CMD ["./pyds.py"]
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox-glibc:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
4 | FROM busybox:glibc
5 | COPY --from=alpine /etc/ssl /etc/ssl
6 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
7 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | FROM golang
2 | COPY whatsmyip.go .
3 | ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
4 | RUN go build whatsmyip.go
5 | FROM scratch
6 | COPY --from=0 /go/whatsmyip .
7 | COPY --from=0 /etc/ssl /etc/ssl
8 | CMD ["./whatsmyip"]
9 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/docker-compose.err.yaml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | version: "2"
2 | services:
3 |   hello-go.golang.ubuntu-noworkdir.err:
4 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang.ubuntu-noworkdir.err
5 |     build:
6 |       context: .
7 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-noworkdir.err
8 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine.python-alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | FROM python:alpine
 2 | WORKDIR /wheels
 3 | RUN pip wheel pyyaml
 4 | 
 5 | FROM python:alpine
 6 | COPY --from=0 /wheels /wheels
 7 | RUN pip install --no-index --find-links=/wheels pyyaml
 8 | COPY pyyaml.py .
 9 | CMD ./pyyaml.py
10 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.eclipse-temurin.native-image.scratch:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | FROM eclipse-temurin:17
 2 | COPY hello.java .
 3 | RUN javac hello.java
 4 | 
 5 | FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image
 6 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
 7 | RUN native-image hello --no-fallback --static
 8 | 
 9 | FROM scratch
10 | COPY --from=1 /app/hello .
11 | CMD ["./hello"]
12 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-jlink.ubuntu:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | FROM openjdk:15
 2 | COPY hello.java .
 3 | RUN javac hello.java
 4 | RUN jdeps --print-module-deps hello.class > java.modules
 5 | RUN jlink --strip-debug --add-modules $(cat java.modules) --output /java
 6 | 
 7 | FROM ubuntu
 8 | COPY --from=0 /java /java
 9 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
10 | CMD exec /java/bin/java -cp . hello
11 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/whatsmyip.go:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | package main
 2 | 
 3 | import "io/ioutil"
 4 | import "log"
 5 | import "net/http"
 6 | import "os"
 7 | 
 8 | func main () {
 9 |   resp, err := http.Get("https://icanhazip.com/")
10 |   if err != nil {
11 |     log.Fatal(err)
12 |   }
13 |   body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
14 |   if err != nil {
15 |     log.Fatal(err)
16 |   }
17 |   os.Stdout.Write(body)
18 |   os.Stdout.Write([]byte{'\n'})
19 | }
20 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-alpine-jlink.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | FROM openjdk:15-alpine
 2 | RUN apk add binutils # for objcopy, needed by jlink
 3 | COPY hello.java .
 4 | RUN javac hello.java
 5 | RUN jdeps --print-module-deps hello.class > java.modules
 6 | RUN jlink --strip-debug --add-modules $(cat java.modules) --output /java
 7 | 
 8 | FROM alpine
 9 | COPY --from=0 /java /java
10 | COPY --from=0 hello.class .
11 | CMD exec /java/bin/java -cp . hello
12 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/mkcompose.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #!/bin/sh
 2 | cat >docker-compose.yaml <<EOF
 3 | version: "2"
 4 | services:
 5 | EOF
 6 | cp docker-compose.yaml docker-compose.err.yaml
 7 | for DOCKERFILE in Dockerfile.*; do
 8 |   TAG=${DOCKERFILE#Dockerfile.}
 9 |   case $DOCKERFILE in
10 |   *.err) COMPOSEFILE=docker-compose.err.yaml ;;
11 |   *)     COMPOSEFILE=docker-compose.yaml     ;;
12 |   esac
13 |   cat >>$COMPOSEFILE <<EOF
14 |   $TAG:
15 |     image: minimage:$TAG
16 |     build:
17 |       context: .
18 |       dockerfile: $DOCKERFILE
19 | EOF
20 | done
21 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile.pyds.alpine.alpine:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | FROM python:alpine
 2 | RUN apk add build-base freetype-dev jpeg-dev libzip-dev
 3 | WORKDIR /wheels
 4 | RUN pip wheel matplotlib
 5 | RUN pip wheel numpy
 6 | RUN pip wheel pandas
 7 | 
 8 | FROM python:alpine
 9 | COPY --from=0 /wheels /wheels
10 | RUN apk add freetype libstdc++
11 | RUN pip install --no-index --find-links=/wheels matplotlib
12 | RUN pip install --no-index --find-links=/wheels numpy
13 | RUN pip install --no-index --find-links=/wheels pandas
14 | 
15 | COPY pyds.py .
16 | CMD ["./pyds.py"]
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | # minimage
  2 | 
  3 | Examples and experiments with multi-stage builds, static binaries, and
  4 | other techniques to obtain MINimal IMAGEs.
  5 | 
  6 | This repository contains code samples and Dockerfiles
  7 | to illustrate a series of blog posts about image size
  8 | optimization. You can read this series in English:
  9 | [part 1](https://www.ardanlabs.com/blog/2020/02/docker-images-part1-reducing-image-size.html),
 10 | [part 2](https://www.ardanlabs.com/blog/2020/02/docker-images-part2-details-specific-to-different-languages.html),
 11 | [part 3](https://www.ardanlabs.com/blog/2020/04/docker-images-part3-going-farther-reduce-image-size.html);
 12 | or in French:
 13 | [part 1](https://enix.io/fr/blog/cherie-j-ai-retreci-docker-part1/),
 14 | [part 2](https://enix.io/fr/blog/cherie-j-ai-retreci-docker-part2/),
 15 | [part 3](https://enix.io/fr/blog/cherie-j-ai-retreci-docker-part3/).
 16 | 
 17 | 
 18 | ## Ingredients
 19 | 
 20 | This repository contains some sample code:
 21 | - hello.c: hello world in C
 22 | - hello.go: hello world in Go
 23 | - hello.py: hello world in Python
 24 | - hello.rs: hello world in Rust
 25 | - pyds.py: doesn't do anything except import a few data science packages
 26 | - pyyaml.py: doesn't do anything excpet `import yaml` (PyYAML)
 27 | - whatsmyip.go: Go code making one HTTP request to canihazip.com
 28 | 
 29 | And a bunch of Dockerfiles to build that code.
 30 | 
 31 | 
 32 | ## Wow that's a lot of Dockerfiles
 33 | 
 34 | The goal is to show many combinations of build and run
 35 | stages: do they work? What's the size of the final image?
 36 | 
 37 | Each Dockerfile has a pretty long name, with the following convention:
 38 | 
 39 | `Dockerfile.PROGRAM-TO-BUILD.BUILD-IMAGE[.RUN-IMAGE]`
 40 | 
 41 | So, for instance, `Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine`
 42 | means that the Dockerfile builds the `hello.java` code sample,
 43 | using `openjdk:8` as the build stage, and `openjdk:8-jre-alpine`
 44 | as the run stage.
 45 | 
 46 | For single-stage builds (like `Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine`)
 47 | there is no `RUN-IMAGE`.
 48 | 
 49 | Sometimes, the name of the Dockerfile also includes
 50 | special build parameters, for instance:
 51 | 
 52 | - `Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine-static.scratch` doesn't mean
 53 |   that the build stage is using an image named `alpine:static`,
 54 |   but that it's using `alpine` and building the program with extra
 55 |   flags to generate a static binary;
 56 | - `Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch` doesn't mean
 57 |   that the build stage is using an image named `golang:nocgo`,
 58 |   but that it's using `golang` and building the program with
 59 |   extra options to disable cgo.
 60 | 
 61 | 
 62 | ## Show me the sizes of the images!
 63 | 
 64 | If you want to compare the sizes of all these images, you can do:
 65 | 
 66 | ```bash
 67 | docker-compose build
 68 | docker images minimage | sort
 69 | ```
 70 | 
 71 | 
 72 | ## Do these images all work?
 73 | 
 74 | No! Some of them won't. This shows that some combinations
 75 | of build and run images are invalid, for reasons explained
 76 | in the supporting blog post.
 77 | 
 78 | If you want to *test* these images, you can do:
 79 | ```bash
 80 | docker-compose up
 81 | docker-compose ps
 82 | ```
 83 | 
 84 | The images that work will show `Exit 0`. If you want to check
 85 | what's wrong with the ones that show something else (like
 86 | `Exit 1` or `Exit 127`), you can run e.g.
 87 | `docker-compose up whatsmyip.golang.scratch` or
 88 | `docker run minimage:whatsmyip.golang.scratch`.
 89 | 
 90 | 
 91 | ## Python wheels
 92 | 
 93 | Check the `pyds` and `pyyaml` examples to see how to leverage
 94 | multi-stage builds with Python on Alpine. This is useful for
 95 | Python packages that use native code. When installing these
 96 | packages on a glibc system, Python can download pre-compiled
 97 | versions of the packages; but on Alpine (which uses musl) Python
 98 | cannot use the pre-compiled versions, and it must recompile.
 99 | 
100 | This recompilation can take a lot of time and disk space,
101 | especially on big data science packages like numpy, scipy,
102 | pandas...
103 | 
104 | If you want small images with Python and data science workloads
105 | (or anything that requires native code), the easiest solution
106 | is to use `python:slim`. But if you really want to use `python:alpine`,
107 | you can build wheels in a first stage, and install them in a
108 | second stage, as is done here in `pyds` and `pyyaml`.
109 | 
110 | This is not perfect (we end up copying the wheels before installing
111 | them, which wastes a bit of disk space), but I hope you'll find it
112 | helpful anyway!
113 | 
114 | 
115 | ## Extra info
116 | 
117 | The Compose file is generated automatically using the script
118 | `mkcompose.sh`.
119 | 
120 | There are some Dockerfiles that won't even build. These ones
121 | have the special extension `.err` and added to a separate
122 | Compose file, because having them in the same Compose file
123 | would break the build of the others (Compose stops as soon
124 | as one build fails).
125 | 
126 | 
127 | ## Contributing
128 | 
129 | If you want to add code samples or Dockerfiles, feel free to!
130 | 


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/docker-compose.yaml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | version: "2"
  2 | services:
  3 |   hello-c.alpine:
  4 |     image: minimage:hello-c.alpine
  5 |     build:
  6 |       context: .
  7 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine
  8 |   hello-c.alpine.alpine:
  9 |     image: minimage:hello-c.alpine.alpine
 10 |     build:
 11 |       context: .
 12 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine.alpine
 13 |   hello-c.alpine-static.scratch:
 14 |     image: minimage:hello-c.alpine-static.scratch
 15 |     build:
 16 |       context: .
 17 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.alpine-static.scratch
 18 |   hello-c.gcc:
 19 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc
 20 |     build:
 21 |       context: .
 22 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc
 23 |   hello-c.gcc.alpine:
 24 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc.alpine
 25 |     build:
 26 |       context: .
 27 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.alpine
 28 |   hello-c.gcc.scratch:
 29 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc.scratch
 30 |     build:
 31 |       context: .
 32 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.scratch
 33 |   hello-c.gcc-static.alpine:
 34 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc-static.alpine
 35 |     build:
 36 |       context: .
 37 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.alpine
 38 |   hello-c.gcc-static.scratch:
 39 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc-static.scratch
 40 |     build:
 41 |       context: .
 42 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc-static.scratch
 43 |   hello-c.gcc.ubuntu:
 44 |     image: minimage:hello-c.gcc.ubuntu
 45 |     build:
 46 |       context: .
 47 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-c.gcc.ubuntu
 48 |   hello-go.golang:
 49 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang
 50 |     build:
 51 |       context: .
 52 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang
 53 |   hello-go.golang-alpine.alpine:
 54 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang-alpine.alpine
 55 |     build:
 56 |       context: .
 57 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.alpine
 58 |   hello-go.golang-alpine.scratch:
 59 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang-alpine.scratch
 60 |     build:
 61 |       context: .
 62 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang-alpine.scratch
 63 |   hello-go.golang.scratch:
 64 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang.scratch
 65 |     build:
 66 |       context: .
 67 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch
 68 |   hello-go.golang.scratch-string:
 69 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang.scratch-string
 70 |     build:
 71 |       context: .
 72 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.scratch-string
 73 |   hello-go.golang.ubuntu-workdir:
 74 |     image: minimage:hello-go.golang.ubuntu-workdir
 75 |     build:
 76 |       context: .
 77 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-go.golang.ubuntu-workdir
 78 |   hello-java.amazoncorretto:
 79 |     image: minimage:hello-java.amazoncorretto
 80 |     build:
 81 |       context: .
 82 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.amazoncorretto
 83 |   hello-java.eclipse-temurin.native-image.scratch:
 84 |     image: minimage:hello-java.eclipse-temurin.native-image.scratch
 85 |     build:
 86 |       context: .
 87 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.eclipse-temurin.native-image.scratch
 88 |   hello-java.openjdk:
 89 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk
 90 |     build:
 91 |       context: .
 92 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk
 93 |   hello-java.openjdk-11.openjdk-11-jre:
 94 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk-11.openjdk-11-jre
 95 |     build:
 96 |       context: .
 97 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-11.openjdk-11-jre
 98 |   hello-java.openjdk-15-alpine-jlink.alpine:
 99 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk-15-alpine-jlink.alpine
100 |     build:
101 |       context: .
102 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-alpine-jlink.alpine
103 |   hello-java.openjdk-15-jlink.ubuntu:
104 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk-15-jlink.ubuntu
105 |     build:
106 |       context: .
107 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-15-jlink.ubuntu
108 |   hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine:
109 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
110 |     build:
111 |       context: .
112 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-8.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
113 |   hello-java.openjdk-alpine:
114 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk-alpine
115 |     build:
116 |       context: .
117 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk-alpine
118 |   hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-8-jre-alpine:
119 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
120 |     build:
121 |       context: .
122 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-8-jre-alpine
123 |   hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-jre:
124 |     image: minimage:hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-jre
125 |     build:
126 |       context: .
127 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-java.openjdk.openjdk-jre
128 |   hello-py.python:
129 |     image: minimage:hello-py.python
130 |     build:
131 |       context: .
132 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-py.python
133 |   hello-py.python-alpine:
134 |     image: minimage:hello-py.python-alpine
135 |     build:
136 |       context: .
137 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-py.python-alpine
138 |   hello-rust.rust:
139 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust
140 |     build:
141 |       context: .
142 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust
143 |   hello-rust.rust-alpine:
144 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust-alpine
145 |     build:
146 |       context: .
147 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine
148 |   hello-rust.rust.alpine:
149 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust.alpine
150 |     build:
151 |       context: .
152 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.alpine
153 |   hello-rust.rust-alpine.alpine:
154 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust-alpine.alpine
155 |     build:
156 |       context: .
157 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust-alpine.alpine
158 |   hello-rust.rust.busybox-glibc:
159 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust.busybox-glibc
160 |     build:
161 |       context: .
162 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.busybox-glibc
163 |   hello-rust.rust.debian:
164 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust.debian
165 |     build:
166 |       context: .
167 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.debian
168 |   hello-rust.rust.scratch:
169 |     image: minimage:hello-rust.rust.scratch
170 |     build:
171 |       context: .
172 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.hello-rust.rust.scratch
173 |   pyds.alpine:
174 |     image: minimage:pyds.alpine
175 |     build:
176 |       context: .
177 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyds.alpine
178 |   pyds.alpine.alpine:
179 |     image: minimage:pyds.alpine.alpine
180 |     build:
181 |       context: .
182 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyds.alpine.alpine
183 |   pyds.python:
184 |     image: minimage:pyds.python
185 |     build:
186 |       context: .
187 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyds.python
188 |   pyds.python-slim:
189 |     image: minimage:pyds.python-slim
190 |     build:
191 |       context: .
192 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyds.python-slim
193 |   pyyaml.python:
194 |     image: minimage:pyyaml.python
195 |     build:
196 |       context: .
197 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyyaml.python
198 |   pyyaml.python-alpine:
199 |     image: minimage:pyyaml.python-alpine
200 |     build:
201 |       context: .
202 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine
203 |   pyyaml.python-alpine.python-alpine:
204 |     image: minimage:pyyaml.python-alpine.python-alpine
205 |     build:
206 |       context: .
207 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-alpine.python-alpine
208 |   pyyaml.python-slim:
209 |     image: minimage:pyyaml.python-slim
210 |     build:
211 |       context: .
212 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.pyyaml.python-slim
213 |   whatsmyip.golang:
214 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang
215 |     build:
216 |       context: .
217 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang
218 |   whatsmyip.golang.alpine:
219 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang.alpine
220 |     build:
221 |       context: .
222 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.alpine
223 |   whatsmyip.golang-alpine.alpine:
224 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang-alpine.alpine
225 |     build:
226 |       context: .
227 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-alpine.alpine
228 |   whatsmyip.golang.busybox:
229 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang.busybox
230 |     build:
231 |       context: .
232 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox
233 |   whatsmyip.golang.busybox-glibc:
234 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang.busybox-glibc
235 |     build:
236 |       context: .
237 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.busybox-glibc
238 |   whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch:
239 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch
240 |     build:
241 |       context: .
242 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang-nocgo.scratch
243 |   whatsmyip.golang.scratch:
244 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang.scratch
245 |     build:
246 |       context: .
247 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.scratch
248 |   whatsmyip.golang.ubuntu:
249 |     image: minimage:whatsmyip.golang.ubuntu
250 |     build:
251 |       context: .
252 |       dockerfile: Dockerfile.whatsmyip.golang.ubuntu
253 | 


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