├── models
├── __init__.py
├── methods
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── handshake_method.py
│ ├── get_device_info_method.py
│ ├── secure_passthrough_method.py
│ ├── login_device_method.py
│ ├── method.py
│ └── set_device_info_method.py
├── params
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── device_info_params.py
│ ├── handshake_params.py
│ └── login_device_params.py
├── exceptions
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── ResponseErrorCodeNotZero.py
├── key_pair.py
└── tp_iot_request.py
├── .github
└── FUNDING.yml
├── FUNDING
├── protocol.py
├── req.txt
├── helpers.py
├── http_client.py
├── tp_link_cipher.py
├── README.md
├── main.py
├── encryption.py
├── .gitignore
├── p100.py
└── LICENSE
/models/__init__.py:
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1 |
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/models/methods/__init__.py:
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1 |
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/models/params/__init__.py:
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1 |
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/models/exceptions/__init__.py:
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1 |
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/.github/FUNDING.yml:
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1 | github: K4CZP3R
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/FUNDING:
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1 | custom: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/k4czp3r
2 |
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/protocol.py:
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1 | class TPLinkTapoProtocol:
2 |
3 | @staticmethod
4 |
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/models/exceptions/ResponseErrorCodeNotZero.py:
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1 | class ResponseErrorCodeNotZero(Exception):
2 | pass
3 |
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/req.txt:
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1 | certifi==2020.6.20
2 | chardet==3.0.4
3 | idna==2.10
4 | jsons==1.3.0
5 | pkcs7==0.1.2
6 | pycryptodome==3.18.0
7 | requests==2.24.0
8 | typish==1.9.1
9 | urllib3==1.25.10
10 |
11 |
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/models/methods/handshake_method.py:
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1 | from models.methods import method
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 | class HandshakeMethod(method.Method):
5 | def __init__(self, params: Any):
6 | super().__init__("handshake", params)
7 |
8 |
9 |
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/models/methods/get_device_info_method.py:
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1 | from models.methods import method
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 |
5 | class GetDeviceInfoMethod(method.Method):
6 | def __init__(self, params: Any):
7 | super().__init__("get_device_info", params)
8 |
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/models/methods/secure_passthrough_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from models.methods import method
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 | class SecurePassthroughMethod(method.Method):
5 | def __init__(self, params: Any):
6 | super().__init__("securePassthrough", {"request": params})
7 |
8 |
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/models/methods/login_device_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from models.methods import method
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 | class LoginDeviceMethod(method.Method):
5 | def __init__(self, params: Any):
6 | super().__init__("login_device", params)
7 | self.requestTimeMils = 0
8 |
9 |
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/models/methods/method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class Method(object):
2 | def __init__(self, method, params):
3 | self.method = method
4 | self.params = params
5 |
6 | def get_params(self):
7 | return self.params
8 |
9 | def get_method(self):
10 | return self.method
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/models/params/device_info_params.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class DeviceInfoParams(object):
2 | def __init__(self):
3 | self.device_on: bool = False
4 |
5 | def set_device_on(self, new_state: bool):
6 | self.device_on = new_state
7 |
8 | def get_device_on(self):
9 | return self.device_on
10 |
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/helpers.py:
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1 | import base64
2 | def mime_encoder(to_encode: bytes):
3 | encoded_list = list(base64.b64encode(to_encode).decode("UTF-8"))
4 |
5 | count = 0
6 | for i in range(76, len(encoded_list), 76):
7 | encoded_list.insert(i + count, '\r\n')
8 | count += 1
9 | return ''.join(encoded_list)
10 |
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/models/params/handshake_params.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class HandshakeParams(object):
2 | def __init__(self):
3 | self.key: str = ""
4 |
5 | def set_key(self, key: str):
6 | self.key = f"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n{key}\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"
7 |
8 | def get_key(self) -> str:
9 | return self.key
10 |
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/models/key_pair.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class KeyPair(object):
2 | def __init__(self, private_key: str, public_key: str):
3 | self.private_key = private_key
4 | self.public_key = public_key
5 |
6 | def get_private_key(self):
7 | return self.private_key
8 |
9 | def get_public_key(self):
10 | return self.public_key
11 |
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/http_client.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | import requests
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 | class Http:
5 | @staticmethod
6 | def make_post(url, json: Any) -> requests.Response:
7 | return requests.post(url, json=json)
8 |
9 | @staticmethod
10 | def make_post_cookie(url, json, cookie) -> requests.Response:
11 | return requests.post(url, json=json, cookies=cookie)
12 |
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/models/methods/set_device_info_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from models.methods import method
2 | from typing import Any
3 |
4 |
5 | class SetDeviceInfoMethod(method.Method):
6 | def __init__(self, params: Any):
7 | super().__init__("set_device_info", params)
8 |
9 | def set_request_time_milis(self, t: float):
10 | self.requestTimeMils = t
11 |
12 | def set_terminal_uuid(self, uuid: str):
13 | self.terminalUUID = uuid
14 |
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/models/params/login_device_params.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class LoginDeviceParams(object):
2 | def __init__(self):
3 | self.password: str = ""
4 | self.username: str = ""
5 |
6 | def set_password(self, password: str):
7 | self.password = password
8 |
9 | def set_username(self, username: str):
10 | self.username = username
11 |
12 | def get_username(self):
13 | return self.username
14 |
15 | def get_password(self):
16 | return self.password
17 |
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/models/tp_iot_request.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from typing import Any
2 |
3 |
4 | class TPIoTRequest(object):
5 | def __init__(self):
6 | self.method: str = ""
7 | self.params: Any = None
8 | self.requestID: float = 0
9 | self.requestTimeMils: float = 0
10 | self.terminalUUID: str = ""
11 |
12 | def set_method(self, method: str):
13 | self.method = method
14 |
15 | def set_params(self, params: Any):
16 | self.params = params
17 |
18 | def set_request_time_mils(self, request_time_mils:float):
19 | self.requestTimeMils = request_time_mils
20 |
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/tp_link_cipher.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from Crypto import Random
2 | from Crypto.Cipher import AES
3 | import hashlib, helpers
4 | import pkcs7
5 | import base64
6 |
7 |
8 | class TpLinkCipher:
9 | def __init__(self, b_arr: bytearray, b_arr2: bytearray):
10 | self.iv = b_arr2
11 | self.key = b_arr
12 |
13 | def encrypt(self, data):
14 | data = pkcs7.PKCS7Encoder().encode(data)
15 | data: str
16 | cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, self.iv)
17 | encrypted = cipher.encrypt(data.encode("UTF-8"))
18 | return helpers.mime_encoder(encrypted).replace("\r\n","")
19 |
20 | def decrypt(self, data: str):
21 | aes = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CBC, self.iv)
22 | pad_text = aes.decrypt(base64.b64decode(data.encode("UTF-8"))).decode("UTF-8")
23 | return pkcs7.PKCS7Encoder().decode(pad_text)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # tapo-p100-python
2 | First implementation of tapo protocol in python.
3 |
4 | Writeup here: https://k4czp3r.xyz/reverse-engineering/tp-link/tapo/2020/10/15/reverse-engineering-tp-link-tapo.html
5 |
6 | To do list
7 |
8 | - [x] Handshake
9 | - [x] Encrypt data
10 | - [x] Login request
11 | - [x] Decrypt data
12 | - [x] Change state
13 |
14 | # How to install it
15 | 1. Make venv: `python3 -m venv venv`
16 |
17 | 2. Activate venv:
18 | * Linux: `source venv/bin/activate`
19 | * Windows: `./venv/Scripts/activate`
20 |
21 | 3. Install requirements `pip install -r req.txt`
22 |
23 | # How to use it
24 | ```
25 | usage: main.py [-h] TPLINK_EMAIL TPLINK_PASS ADDR STATE
26 |
27 | Change plug state.
28 |
29 | positional arguments:
30 | TPLINK_EMAIL Your TPLink account email
31 | TPLINK_PASS Your TPLink account password
32 | ADDR Address of your plug (ex. 192.168.2.22)
33 | STATE New state of the plug (on=1 off=0)
34 |
35 | optional arguments:
36 | -h, --help show this help message and exit
37 | ```
38 |
39 | Example: `python main.py email@gmail.com Password123 192.168.137.135 1`
40 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/main.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | from p100 import P100
3 | import logging
4 | import argparse
5 |
6 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Change plug state.")
7 | parser.add_argument('tplink_email', metavar='TPLINK_EMAIL', type=str, help="Your TPLink account email")
8 | parser.add_argument('tplink_password', metavar='TPLINK_PASS', type=str, help="Your TPLink account password")
9 | parser.add_argument('address', metavar='ADDR', type=str, help="Address of your plug (ex. 192.168.2.22)")
10 | parser.add_argument('new_state', metavar='STATE', type=int, help="New state of the plug (on=1 off=0) ")
11 |
12 |
13 | args = parser.parse_args()
14 |
15 |
16 | logger = logging.getLogger('root')
17 | FORMAT = "[%(filename)s:%(lineno)s - %(funcName)20s() ] %(message)s"
18 | logging.basicConfig(format=FORMAT)
19 | logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
20 |
21 | logger.info(f"Will change state of plug at '{args.address}' to '{args.new_state}'")
22 |
23 | my_bulb = P100(args.address)
24 | my_bulb.handshake()
25 | my_bulb.login_request(args.tplink_email, args.tplink_password)
26 | my_bulb.change_state(args.new_state, "88-00-DE-AD-52-E1")
27 |
28 | # Now check if the plug is on
29 | is_plug_on = my_bulb.is_on()
30 | logger.info(f"Returned result: {is_plug_on}")
31 |
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/encryption.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
2 | from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
3 | from models.key_pair import KeyPair
4 | from tp_link_cipher import TpLinkCipher
5 | import base64, hashlib, helpers, logging
6 |
7 | logger = logging.getLogger('root')
8 |
9 | class Encryption:
10 | def generate_key_pair(self) -> KeyPair:
11 | logger.debug(f"Generating key...")
12 | key = RSA.generate(1024)
13 | private_key = key.export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")
14 | public_key = key.publickey().export_key(pkcs=8, format="DER")
15 |
16 | logger.debug("MIME encoding private and public key...")
17 | private_key = helpers.mime_encoder(private_key)
18 | public_key = helpers.mime_encoder(public_key)
19 |
20 | return KeyPair(
21 | private_key=private_key,
22 | public_key=public_key
23 | )
24 |
25 | @staticmethod
26 | def decode_handshake_key(key: str, key_pair: KeyPair) -> TpLinkCipher:
27 | logger.debug(f"Will decode handshake key (...{key[5:]}) using current key pair")
28 | decode: bytes = base64.b64decode(key.encode("UTF-8"))
29 | decode2: bytes = base64.b64decode(key_pair.get_private_key())
30 |
31 | cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.import_key(decode2))
32 | do_final = cipher.decrypt(decode, None)
33 | if do_final is None:
34 | raise ValueError("Decryption failed!")
35 |
36 | b_arr:bytearray = bytearray()
37 | b_arr2:bytearray = bytearray()
38 |
39 | for i in range(0, 16):
40 | b_arr.insert(i, do_final[i])
41 | for i in range(0, 16):
42 | b_arr2.insert(i, do_final[i + 16])
43 |
44 | return TpLinkCipher(b_arr, b_arr2)
45 |
46 | @staticmethod
47 | def sha_digest_username(data: str):
48 | b_arr = data.encode("UTF-8")
49 | digest = hashlib.sha1(b_arr).digest()
50 |
51 | sb = ""
52 | for i in range(0, len(digest)):
53 | b = digest[i]
54 | hex_string = hex(b & 255).replace("0x", "")
55 | if len(hex_string) == 1:
56 | sb += "0"
57 | sb += hex_string
58 | else:
59 | sb += hex_string
60 | print(sb)
61 | return sb
62 |
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/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
2 | __pycache__/
3 | *.py[cod]
4 | *$py.class
5 |
6 | # C extensions
7 | *.so
8 |
9 | # Distribution / packaging
10 | .Python
11 | build/
12 | develop-eggs/
13 | dist/
14 | downloads/
15 | eggs/
16 | .eggs/
17 | lib/
18 | lib64/
19 | parts/
20 | sdist/
21 | var/
22 | wheels/
23 | pip-wheel-metadata/
24 | share/python-wheels/
25 | *.egg-info/
26 | .installed.cfg
27 | *.egg
28 | MANIFEST
29 |
30 | # PyInstaller
31 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
32 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
33 | *.manifest
34 | *.spec
35 |
36 | # Installer logs
37 | pip-log.txt
38 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt
39 |
40 | # Unit test / coverage reports
41 | htmlcov/
42 | .tox/
43 | .nox/
44 | .coverage
45 | .coverage.*
46 | .cache
47 | nosetests.xml
48 | coverage.xml
49 | *.cover
50 | *.py,cover
51 | .hypothesis/
52 | .pytest_cache/
53 |
54 | # Translations
55 | *.mo
56 | *.pot
57 |
58 | # Django stuff:
59 | *.log
60 | local_settings.py
61 | db.sqlite3
62 | db.sqlite3-journal
63 |
64 | # Flask stuff:
65 | instance/
66 | .webassets-cache
67 |
68 | # Scrapy stuff:
69 | .scrapy
70 |
71 | # Sphinx documentation
72 | docs/_build/
73 |
74 | # PyBuilder
75 | target/
76 |
77 | # Jupyter Notebook
78 | .ipynb_checkpoints
79 |
80 | # IPython
81 | profile_default/
82 | ipython_config.py
83 |
84 | # pyenv
85 | .python-version
86 |
87 | # pipenv
88 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
89 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
90 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
91 | # install all needed dependencies.
92 | #Pipfile.lock
93 |
94 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow
95 | __pypackages__/
96 |
97 | # Celery stuff
98 | celerybeat-schedule
99 | celerybeat.pid
100 |
101 | # SageMath parsed files
102 | *.sage.py
103 |
104 | # Environments
105 | .env
106 | .venv
107 | env/
108 | venv/
109 | ENV/
110 | env.bak/
111 | venv.bak/
112 |
113 | # Spyder project settings
114 | .spyderproject
115 | .spyproject
116 |
117 | # Rope project settings
118 | .ropeproject
119 |
120 | # mkdocs documentation
121 | /site
122 |
123 | # mypy
124 | .mypy_cache/
125 | .dmypy.json
126 | dmypy.json
127 |
128 | # Pyre type checker
129 | .pyre/
130 |
131 | .idea/
132 |
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/p100.py:
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1 | import jsons
2 | from encryption import Encryption
3 | from models.key_pair import KeyPair
4 | from models.params.handshake_params import HandshakeParams
5 | from models.methods.login_device_method import LoginDeviceMethod
6 | from models.params.login_device_params import LoginDeviceParams
7 | from models.methods.handshake_method import HandshakeMethod
8 | from models.methods.set_device_info_method import SetDeviceInfoMethod
9 | from models.methods.get_device_info_method import GetDeviceInfoMethod
10 | from models.params.device_info_params import DeviceInfoParams
11 | from models.methods.secure_passthrough_method import SecurePassthroughMethod
12 | from http_client import Http
13 | from models.exceptions.ResponseErrorCodeNotZero import ResponseErrorCodeNotZero
14 | from time import time
15 | from tp_link_cipher import TpLinkCipher
16 | import helpers
17 | import logging
18 |
19 | logger = logging.getLogger('root')
20 |
21 | class P100:
22 | def __init__(self, address: str):
23 |
24 | self.address = address
25 | self.url = f"http://{address}/app"
26 | logger.debug(f"Device url is: {self.url}")
27 |
28 | self.encryption = Encryption()
29 | self.key_pair: KeyPair
30 | self.cookie_token: str = ""
31 | self.token: str = ""
32 |
33 | self.tp_link_cipher: TpLinkCipher = None
34 |
35 | def get_state(self):
36 | device_info_method = GetDeviceInfoMethod(None)
37 | logger.debug(f"Device info method: {jsons.dumps(device_info_method)}")
38 | dim_encrypted = self.tp_link_cipher.encrypt(jsons.dumps(device_info_method))
39 | logger.debug(f"Device info method encrypted: {dim_encrypted}")
40 |
41 | secure_passthrough_method = SecurePassthroughMethod(dim_encrypted)
42 | logger.debug(f"Secure passthrough method: {secure_passthrough_method}")
43 | request_body = jsons.loads(jsons.dumps(secure_passthrough_method))
44 | logger.debug(f"Request body: {request_body}")
45 |
46 |
47 | response = Http.make_post_cookie(f"{self.url}?token={self.token}", request_body,
48 | {'TP_SESSIONID':self.cookie_token})
49 | resp_dict: dict = response.json()
50 | logger.debug(f"Device responded with: {resp_dict}")
51 |
52 | self.__validate_response(resp_dict)
53 |
54 | decrypted_inner_response = jsons.loads(
55 | self.tp_link_cipher.decrypt(
56 | resp_dict['result']['response']
57 | ))
58 | logger.debug(f"Device inner response: {decrypted_inner_response}")
59 | self.__validate_response(decrypted_inner_response)
60 |
61 | return decrypted_inner_response['result']
62 |
63 | def is_on(self) -> bool:
64 | return self.get_state()['device_on']
65 |
66 | def change_state(self, new_state: int, terminal_uuid: str):
67 | new_state_bool = True if new_state == 1 else False
68 | logger.debug(f"Will change state to {new_state_bool}, terminal uuid: {terminal_uuid}")
69 | device_info_params = DeviceInfoParams()
70 | device_info_params.set_device_on(new_state_bool)
71 | logger.debug(f"Device info params: {jsons.dumps(device_info_params)}")
72 |
73 | device_info_method = SetDeviceInfoMethod(device_info_params)
74 | device_info_method.set_request_time_milis(time())
75 | device_info_method.set_terminal_uuid(terminal_uuid)
76 | logger.debug(f"Device info method: {jsons.dumps(device_info_method)}")
77 |
78 | dim_encrypted = self.tp_link_cipher.encrypt(jsons.dumps(device_info_method))
79 | logger.debug(f"Device info method encrypted: {dim_encrypted}")
80 |
81 | secure_passthrough_method = SecurePassthroughMethod(dim_encrypted)
82 | logger.debug(f"Secure passthrough method: {secure_passthrough_method}")
83 | request_body = jsons.loads(jsons.dumps(secure_passthrough_method))
84 | logger.debug(f"Request body: {request_body}")
85 |
86 |
87 | response = Http.make_post_cookie(f"{self.url}?token={self.token}", request_body,
88 | {'TP_SESSIONID':self.cookie_token})
89 | resp_dict: dict = response.json()
90 | logger.debug(f"Device responded with: {resp_dict}")
91 | self.__validate_response(resp_dict)
92 |
93 | decrypted_inner_response = jsons.loads(
94 | self.tp_link_cipher.decrypt(
95 | resp_dict['result']['response']
96 | ))
97 | logger.debug(f"Device inner response: {decrypted_inner_response}")
98 | self.__validate_response(decrypted_inner_response)
99 |
100 | def handshake(self):
101 | logger.debug("Will perform handshaking...")
102 |
103 | logger.debug("Generating keypair")
104 | self.__generate_keypair()
105 |
106 | handshake_params = HandshakeParams()
107 | handshake_params.set_key(self.key_pair.get_public_key())
108 | logger.debug(f"Handshake params: {jsons.dumps(handshake_params)}")
109 |
110 | handshake_method = HandshakeMethod(handshake_params)
111 | logger.debug(f"Handshake method: {jsons.dumps(handshake_method)}")
112 |
113 | request_body = jsons.dump(handshake_method)
114 | logger.debug(f"Request body: {request_body}")
115 |
116 | response = Http.make_post(self.url, request_body)
117 | resp_dict: dict = response.json()
118 |
119 | logger.debug(f"Device responded with: {resp_dict}")
120 |
121 | self.__validate_response(resp_dict)
122 | self.cookie_token = response.cookies.get('TP_SESSIONID')
123 | logger.debug(f"Got TP_SESSIONID token: ...{self.cookie_token[5:]}")
124 |
125 | logger.debug("Decoding handshake key...")
126 | self.tp_link_cipher = self.encryption.decode_handshake_key(resp_dict['result']['key'], self.key_pair)
127 |
128 | def login_request(self, username: str, password: str):
129 | logger.debug(f"Will login using username '{username[5:]}...'")
130 | digest_username = self.encryption.sha_digest_username(username)
131 | logger.debug(f"Username digest: ...{digest_username[:5]}")
132 |
133 | login_device_params = LoginDeviceParams()
134 | login_device_params.set_password(helpers.mime_encoder(password.encode("UTF-8")))
135 | login_device_params.set_username(helpers.mime_encoder(digest_username.encode("UTF-8")))
136 |
137 | l_ldp = jsons.dumps(login_device_params).replace(helpers.mime_encoder(password.encode("UTF-8")), "PASSWORD_REMOVED")
138 | logger.debug(f"Login device params: {l_ldp}")
139 |
140 | login_device_method = LoginDeviceMethod(login_device_params)
141 | l_ldm = jsons.dumps(login_device_method).replace(helpers.mime_encoder(password.encode("UTF-8")),"PASSWORD_REMOVED")
142 | logger.debug(f"Login device method: {l_ldm}")
143 |
144 | ldm_encrypted = self.tp_link_cipher.encrypt(jsons.dumps(login_device_method))
145 | logger.debug(f"Login device method encrypted: {ldm_encrypted}")
146 |
147 | secure_passthrough_method = SecurePassthroughMethod(ldm_encrypted)
148 | logger.debug(f"Secure passthrough method: {jsons.dumps(secure_passthrough_method)}")
149 | request_body = jsons.loads(jsons.dumps(secure_passthrough_method))
150 | logger.debug(f"Request body: {request_body}")
151 |
152 | response = Http.make_post_cookie(self.url, request_body, {'TP_SESSIONID':self.cookie_token})
153 | resp_dict: dict = response.json()
154 | logger.debug(f"Device responded with: {resp_dict}")
155 |
156 | self.__validate_response(resp_dict)
157 |
158 | decrypted_inner_response = jsons.loads(
159 | self.tp_link_cipher.decrypt(
160 | resp_dict['result']['response']
161 | )
162 | )
163 |
164 | logger.debug(f"Device inner response: {decrypted_inner_response}")
165 |
166 | self.token = decrypted_inner_response['result']['token']
167 |
168 | def __generate_keypair(self):
169 | self.key_pair = self.encryption.generate_key_pair()
170 |
171 | def __validate_response(self, resp: dict):
172 | if 'error_code' not in resp:
173 | self.log.out("WARN: No error_code in the response!")
174 | else:
175 | if resp['error_code'] != 0:
176 | raise ResponseErrorCodeNotZero(f"Returned error_code: {resp['error_code']}")
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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