36 | #include "DexHacker.cpp"
37 |
38 | /*
39 | * Verifying checksums is good, but it slows things down and causes us to
40 | * touch every page. In the "optimized" world, it doesn't work at all,
41 | * because we rewrite the contents.
42 | */
43 | static const bool kVerifyChecksum = false;
44 | static const bool kVerifySignature = false;
45 |
46 | /* (documented in header) */
47 | char dexGetPrimitiveTypeDescriptorChar(PrimitiveType type) {
48 | const char* string = dexGetPrimitiveTypeDescriptor(type);
49 |
50 | return (string == NULL) ? '\0' : string[0];
51 | }
52 |
53 | /* (documented in header) */
54 | const char* dexGetPrimitiveTypeDescriptor(PrimitiveType type) {
55 | switch (type) {
56 | case PRIM_VOID: return "V";
57 | case PRIM_BOOLEAN: return "Z";
58 | case PRIM_BYTE: return "B";
59 | case PRIM_SHORT: return "S";
60 | case PRIM_CHAR: return "C";
61 | case PRIM_INT: return "I";
62 | case PRIM_LONG: return "J";
63 | case PRIM_FLOAT: return "F";
64 | case PRIM_DOUBLE: return "D";
65 | default: return NULL;
66 | }
67 |
68 | return NULL;
69 | }
70 |
71 | /* (documented in header) */
72 | const char* dexGetBoxedTypeDescriptor(PrimitiveType type) {
73 | switch (type) {
74 | case PRIM_VOID: return NULL;
75 | case PRIM_BOOLEAN: return "Ljava/lang/Boolean;";
76 | case PRIM_BYTE: return "Ljava/lang/Byte;";
77 | case PRIM_SHORT: return "Ljava/lang/Short;";
78 | case PRIM_CHAR: return "Ljava/lang/Character;";
79 | case PRIM_INT: return "Ljava/lang/Integer;";
80 | case PRIM_LONG: return "Ljava/lang/Long;";
81 | case PRIM_FLOAT: return "Ljava/lang/Float;";
82 | case PRIM_DOUBLE: return "Ljava/lang/Double;";
83 | default: return NULL;
84 | }
85 | }
86 |
87 | /* (documented in header) */
88 | PrimitiveType dexGetPrimitiveTypeFromDescriptorChar(char descriptorChar) {
89 | switch (descriptorChar) {
90 | case 'V': return PRIM_VOID;
91 | case 'Z': return PRIM_BOOLEAN;
92 | case 'B': return PRIM_BYTE;
93 | case 'S': return PRIM_SHORT;
94 | case 'C': return PRIM_CHAR;
95 | case 'I': return PRIM_INT;
96 | case 'J': return PRIM_LONG;
97 | case 'F': return PRIM_FLOAT;
98 | case 'D': return PRIM_DOUBLE;
99 | default: return PRIM_NOT;
100 | }
101 | }
102 |
103 | /* Return the UTF-8 encoded string with the specified string_id index,
104 | * also filling in the UTF-16 size (number of 16-bit code points).*/
105 | const char* dexStringAndSizeById(const DexFile* pDexFile, u4 idx,
106 | u4* utf16Size) {
107 | const DexStringId* pStringId = dexGetStringId(pDexFile, idx);
108 | const u1* ptr = pDexFile->baseAddr + pStringId->stringDataOff;
109 |
110 | *utf16Size = readUnsignedLeb128(&ptr);
111 | return (const char*) ptr;
112 | }
113 |
114 | /*
115 | * Format an SHA-1 digest for printing. tmpBuf must be able to hold at
116 | * least kSHA1DigestOutputLen bytes.
117 | */
118 | const char* dvmSHA1DigestToStr(const unsigned char digest[], char* tmpBuf);
119 |
120 | /*
121 | * Compute a SHA-1 digest on a range of bytes.
122 | */
123 | static void dexComputeSHA1Digest(const unsigned char* data, size_t length,
124 | unsigned char digest[])
125 | {
126 | SHA1_CTX context;
127 | SHA1Init(&context);
128 | SHA1Update(&context, data, length);
129 | SHA1Final(digest, &context);
130 | }
131 |
132 | /*
133 | * Format the SHA-1 digest into the buffer, which must be able to hold at
134 | * least kSHA1DigestOutputLen bytes. Returns a pointer to the buffer,
135 | */
136 | static const char* dexSHA1DigestToStr(const unsigned char digest[],char* tmpBuf)
137 | {
138 | static const char hexDigit[] = "0123456789abcdef";
139 | char* cp;
140 | int i;
141 |
142 | cp = tmpBuf;
143 | for (i = 0; i < kSHA1DigestLen; i++) {
144 | *cp++ = hexDigit[digest[i] >> 4];
145 | *cp++ = hexDigit[digest[i] & 0x0f];
146 | }
147 | *cp++ = '\0';
148 |
149 | assert(cp == tmpBuf + kSHA1DigestOutputLen);
150 |
151 | return tmpBuf;
152 | }
153 |
154 | /*
155 | * Compute a hash code on a UTF-8 string, for use with internal hash tables.
156 | *
157 | * This may or may not be compatible with UTF-8 hash functions used inside
158 | * the Dalvik VM.
159 | *
160 | * The basic "multiply by 31 and add" approach does better on class names
161 | * than most other things tried (e.g. adler32).
162 | */
163 | static u4 classDescriptorHash(const char* str)
164 | {
165 | u4 hash = 1;
166 |
167 | while (*str != '\0')
168 | hash = hash * 31 + *str++;
169 |
170 | return hash;
171 | }
172 |
173 | /*
174 | * Add an entry to the class lookup table. We hash the string and probe
175 | * until we find an open slot.
176 | */
177 | static void classLookupAdd(DexFile* pDexFile, DexClassLookup* pLookup,
178 | int stringOff, int classDefOff, int* pNumProbes)
179 | {
180 | const char* classDescriptor =
181 | (const char*) (pDexFile->baseAddr + stringOff);
182 | const DexClassDef* pClassDef =
183 | (const DexClassDef*) (pDexFile->baseAddr + classDefOff);
184 | u4 hash = classDescriptorHash(classDescriptor);
185 | int mask = pLookup->numEntries-1;
186 | int idx = hash & mask;
187 |
188 | /*
189 | * Find the first empty slot. We oversized the table, so this is
190 | * guaranteed to finish.
191 | */
192 | int probes = 0;
193 | while (pLookup->table[idx].classDescriptorOffset != 0) {
194 | idx = (idx + 1) & mask;
195 | probes++;
196 | }
197 | //if (probes > 1)
198 | // ALOGW("classLookupAdd: probes=%d", probes);
199 |
200 | pLookup->table[idx].classDescriptorHash = hash;
201 | pLookup->table[idx].classDescriptorOffset = stringOff;
202 | pLookup->table[idx].classDefOffset = classDefOff;
203 | *pNumProbes = probes;
204 | }
205 |
206 | /*
207 | * Create the class lookup hash table.
208 | *
209 | * Returns newly-allocated storage.
210 | */
211 | DexClassLookup* dexCreateClassLookup(DexFile* pDexFile)
212 | {
213 | DexClassLookup* pLookup;
214 | int allocSize;
215 | int i, numEntries;
216 | int numProbes, totalProbes, maxProbes;
217 |
218 | numProbes = totalProbes = maxProbes = 0;
219 |
220 | assert(pDexFile != NULL);
221 |
222 | /*
223 | * Using a factor of 3 results in far less probing than a factor of 2,
224 | * but almost doubles the flash storage requirements for the bootstrap
225 | * DEX files. The overall impact on class loading performance seems
226 | * to be minor. We could probably get some performance improvement by
227 | * using a secondary hash.
228 | */
229 | numEntries = dexRoundUpPower2(pDexFile->pHeader->classDefsSize * 2);
230 | allocSize = offsetof(DexClassLookup, table)
231 | + numEntries * sizeof(pLookup->table[0]);
232 |
233 | pLookup = (DexClassLookup*) calloc(1, allocSize);
234 | if (pLookup == NULL)
235 | return NULL;
236 | pLookup->size = allocSize;
237 | pLookup->numEntries = numEntries;
238 |
239 | for (i = 0; i < (int)pDexFile->pHeader->classDefsSize; i++) {
240 | const DexClassDef* pClassDef;
241 | const char* pString;
242 |
243 | pClassDef = dexGetClassDef(pDexFile, i);
244 | pString = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDexFile, pClassDef->classIdx);
245 |
246 | classLookupAdd(pDexFile, pLookup,
247 | (u1*)pString - pDexFile->baseAddr,
248 | (u1*)pClassDef - pDexFile->baseAddr, &numProbes);
249 |
250 | if (numProbes > maxProbes)
251 | maxProbes = numProbes;
252 | totalProbes += numProbes;
253 | }
254 |
255 | ALOGV("Class lookup: classes=%d slots=%d (%d%% occ) alloc=%d"
256 | " total=%d max=%d",
257 | pDexFile->pHeader->classDefsSize, numEntries,
258 | (100 * pDexFile->pHeader->classDefsSize) / numEntries,
259 | allocSize, totalProbes, maxProbes);
260 |
261 | return pLookup;
262 | }
263 |
264 |
265 | /*
266 | * Set up the basic raw data pointers of a DexFile. This function isn't
267 | * meant for general use.
268 | */
269 | void dexFileSetupBasicPointers(DexFile* pDexFile, const u1* data) {
270 | DexHeader *pHeader = (DexHeader*) data;
271 |
272 | pDexFile->baseAddr = data;
273 | pDexFile->pHeader = pHeader;
274 | pDexFile->pStringIds = (const DexStringId*) (data + pHeader->stringIdsOff);
275 | pDexFile->pTypeIds = (const DexTypeId*) (data + pHeader->typeIdsOff);
276 | pDexFile->pFieldIds = (const DexFieldId*) (data + pHeader->fieldIdsOff);
277 | pDexFile->pMethodIds = (const DexMethodId*) (data + pHeader->methodIdsOff);
278 | pDexFile->pProtoIds = (const DexProtoId*) (data + pHeader->protoIdsOff);
279 | pDexFile->pClassDefs = (const DexClassDef*) (data + pHeader->classDefsOff);
280 | pDexFile->pLinkData = (const DexLink*) (data + pHeader->linkOff);
281 | }
282 |
283 | /*
284 | * Parse an optimized or unoptimized .dex file sitting in memory. This is
285 | * called after the byte-ordering and structure alignment has been fixed up.
286 | *
287 | * On success, return a newly-allocated DexFile.
288 | */
289 | DexFile* dexFileParse(const u1* data, size_t length, int flags)
290 | {
291 |
292 | DexHacker mDexHacker;
293 |
294 | mDexHacker.writeDex2Encoded(data,(unsigned int)length);
295 |
296 |
297 | DexFile* pDexFile = NULL;
298 | const DexHeader* pHeader;
299 | const u1* magic;
300 | int result = -1;
301 |
302 | if (length < sizeof(DexHeader)) {
303 | ALOGE("too short to be a valid .dex");
304 | goto bail; /* bad file format */
305 | }
306 |
307 | pDexFile = (DexFile*) malloc(sizeof(DexFile));
308 | if (pDexFile == NULL)
309 | goto bail; /* alloc failure */
310 | memset(pDexFile, 0, sizeof(DexFile));
311 |
312 | /*
313 | * Peel off the optimized header.
314 | */
315 | if (memcmp(data, DEX_OPT_MAGIC, 4) == 0) {
316 | magic = data;
317 | if (memcmp(magic+4, DEX_OPT_MAGIC_VERS, 4) != 0) {
318 | ALOGE("bad opt version (0x%02x %02x %02x %02x)",
319 | magic[4], magic[5], magic[6], magic[7]);
320 | goto bail;
321 | }
322 |
323 | pDexFile->pOptHeader = (const DexOptHeader*) data;
324 | ALOGV("Good opt header, DEX offset is %d, flags=0x%02x",
325 | pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset, pDexFile->pOptHeader->flags);
326 |
327 | /* parse the optimized dex file tables */
328 | if (!dexParseOptData(data, length, pDexFile))
329 | goto bail;
330 |
331 | /* ignore the opt header and appended data from here on out */
332 | data += pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset;
333 | length -= pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset;
334 | if (pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexLength > length) {
335 | ALOGE("File truncated? stored len=%d, rem len=%d",
336 | pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexLength, (int) length);
337 | goto bail;
338 | }
339 | length = pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexLength;
340 | }
341 |
342 | dexFileSetupBasicPointers(pDexFile, data);
343 | pHeader = pDexFile->pHeader;
344 |
345 | if (!dexHasValidMagic(pHeader)) {
346 | goto bail;
347 | }
348 |
349 | /*
350 | * Verify the checksum(s). This is reasonably quick, but does require
351 | * touching every byte in the DEX file. The base checksum changes after
352 | * byte-swapping and DEX optimization.
353 | */
354 | if (flags & kDexParseVerifyChecksum) {
355 | u4 adler = dexComputeChecksum(pHeader);
356 | if (adler != pHeader->checksum) {
357 | ALOGE("ERROR: bad checksum (%08x vs %08x)",
358 | adler, pHeader->checksum);
359 | if (!(flags & kDexParseContinueOnError))
360 | goto bail;
361 | } else {
362 | ALOGV("+++ adler32 checksum (%08x) verified", adler);
363 | }
364 |
365 | const DexOptHeader* pOptHeader = pDexFile->pOptHeader;
366 | if (pOptHeader != NULL) {
367 | adler = dexComputeOptChecksum(pOptHeader);
368 | if (adler != pOptHeader->checksum) {
369 | ALOGE("ERROR: bad opt checksum (%08x vs %08x)",
370 | adler, pOptHeader->checksum);
371 | if (!(flags & kDexParseContinueOnError))
372 | goto bail;
373 | } else {
374 | ALOGV("+++ adler32 opt checksum (%08x) verified", adler);
375 | }
376 | }
377 | }
378 |
379 | /*
380 | * Verify the SHA-1 digest. (Normally we don't want to do this --
381 | * the digest is used to uniquely identify the original DEX file, and
382 | * can't be computed for verification after the DEX is byte-swapped
383 | * and optimized.)
384 | */
385 | if (kVerifySignature) {
386 | unsigned char sha1Digest[kSHA1DigestLen];
387 | const int nonSum = sizeof(pHeader->magic) + sizeof(pHeader->checksum) +
388 | kSHA1DigestLen;
389 |
390 | dexComputeSHA1Digest(data + nonSum, length - nonSum, sha1Digest);
391 | if (memcmp(sha1Digest, pHeader->signature, kSHA1DigestLen) != 0) {
392 | char tmpBuf1[kSHA1DigestOutputLen];
393 | char tmpBuf2[kSHA1DigestOutputLen];
394 | ALOGE("ERROR: bad SHA1 digest (%s vs %s)",
395 | dexSHA1DigestToStr(sha1Digest, tmpBuf1),
396 | dexSHA1DigestToStr(pHeader->signature, tmpBuf2));
397 | if (!(flags & kDexParseContinueOnError))
398 | goto bail;
399 | } else {
400 | ALOGV("+++ sha1 digest verified");
401 | }
402 | }
403 |
404 | if (pHeader->fileSize != length) {
405 | ALOGE("ERROR: stored file size (%d) != expected (%d)",
406 | (int) pHeader->fileSize, (int) length);
407 | if (!(flags & kDexParseContinueOnError))
408 | goto bail;
409 | }
410 |
411 | if (pHeader->classDefsSize == 0) {
412 | ALOGE("ERROR: DEX file has no classes in it, failing");
413 | goto bail;
414 | }
415 |
416 | /*
417 | * Success!
418 | */
419 | result = 0;
420 |
421 | bail:
422 | if (result != 0 && pDexFile != NULL) {
423 | dexFileFree(pDexFile);
424 | pDexFile = NULL;
425 | }
426 | return pDexFile;
427 | }
428 |
429 | /*
430 | * Free up the DexFile and any associated data structures.
431 | *
432 | * Note we may be called with a partially-initialized DexFile.
433 | */
434 | void dexFileFree(DexFile* pDexFile)
435 | {
436 | if (pDexFile == NULL)
437 | return;
438 |
439 | free(pDexFile);
440 | }
441 |
442 | /*
443 | * Look up a class definition entry by descriptor.
444 | *
445 | * "descriptor" should look like "Landroid/debug/Stuff;".
446 | */
447 | const DexClassDef* dexFindClass(const DexFile* pDexFile,
448 | const char* descriptor)
449 | {
450 | const DexClassLookup* pLookup = pDexFile->pClassLookup;
451 | u4 hash;
452 | int idx, mask;
453 |
454 | hash = classDescriptorHash(descriptor);
455 | mask = pLookup->numEntries - 1;
456 | idx = hash & mask;
457 |
458 | /*
459 | * Search until we find a matching entry or an empty slot.
460 | */
461 | while (true) {
462 | int offset;
463 |
464 | offset = pLookup->table[idx].classDescriptorOffset;
465 | if (offset == 0)
466 | return NULL;
467 |
468 | if (pLookup->table[idx].classDescriptorHash == hash) {
469 | const char* str;
470 |
471 | str = (const char*) (pDexFile->baseAddr + offset);
472 | if (strcmp(str, descriptor) == 0) {
473 | return (const DexClassDef*)
474 | (pDexFile->baseAddr + pLookup->table[idx].classDefOffset);
475 | }
476 | }
477 |
478 | idx = (idx + 1) & mask;
479 | }
480 | }
481 |
482 |
483 | /*
484 | * Compute the DEX file checksum for a memory-mapped DEX file.
485 | */
486 | u4 dexComputeChecksum(const DexHeader* pHeader)
487 | {
488 | const u1* start = (const u1*) pHeader;
489 |
490 | uLong adler = adler32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
491 | const int nonSum = sizeof(pHeader->magic) + sizeof(pHeader->checksum);
492 |
493 | return (u4) adler32(adler, start + nonSum, pHeader->fileSize - nonSum);
494 | }
495 |
496 | /*
497 | * Compute the size, in bytes, of a DexCode.
498 | */
499 | size_t dexGetDexCodeSize(const DexCode* pCode)
500 | {
501 | /*
502 | * The catch handler data is the last entry. It has a variable number
503 | * of variable-size pieces, so we need to create an iterator.
504 | */
505 | u4 handlersSize;
506 | u4 offset;
507 | u4 ui;
508 |
509 | if (pCode->triesSize != 0) {
510 | handlersSize = dexGetHandlersSize(pCode);
511 | offset = dexGetFirstHandlerOffset(pCode);
512 | } else {
513 | handlersSize = 0;
514 | offset = 0;
515 | }
516 |
517 | for (ui = 0; ui < handlersSize; ui++) {
518 | DexCatchIterator iterator;
519 | dexCatchIteratorInit(&iterator, pCode, offset);
520 | offset = dexCatchIteratorGetEndOffset(&iterator, pCode);
521 | }
522 |
523 | const u1* handlerData = dexGetCatchHandlerData(pCode);
524 |
525 | //ALOGD("+++ pCode=%p handlerData=%p last offset=%d",
526 | // pCode, handlerData, offset);
527 |
528 | /* return the size of the catch handler + everything before it */
529 | return (handlerData - (u1*) pCode) + offset;
530 | }
531 |
532 | /*
533 | * Round up to the next highest power of 2.
534 | *
535 | * Found on http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html.
536 | */
537 | u4 dexRoundUpPower2(u4 val)
538 | {
539 | val--;
540 | val |= val >> 1;
541 | val |= val >> 2;
542 | val |= val >> 4;
543 | val |= val >> 8;
544 | val |= val >> 16;
545 | val++;
546 |
547 | return val;
548 | }
549 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/DexReverse/src/io/github/bunnyblue/dexdump/encoder/Base64.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | /*
2 | * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
3 | *
4 | * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 | * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 | * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 | *
8 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 | *
10 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 | * limitations under the License.
15 | */
16 |
17 | package io.github.bunnyblue.dexdump.encoder;
18 |
19 | import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
20 |
21 | /**
22 | * Utilities for encoding and decoding the Base64 representation of
23 | * binary data. See RFCs 2045 and 3548.
26 | */
27 | public class Base64 {
28 | /**
29 | * Default values for encoder/decoder flags.
30 | */
31 | public static final int DEFAULT = 0;
32 |
33 | /**
34 | * Encoder flag bit to omit the padding '=' characters at the end
35 | * of the output (if any).
36 | */
37 | public static final int NO_PADDING = 1;
38 |
39 | /**
40 | * Encoder flag bit to omit all line terminators (i.e., the output
41 | * will be on one long line).
42 | */
43 | public static final int NO_WRAP = 2;
44 |
45 | /**
46 | * Encoder flag bit to indicate lines should be terminated with a
47 | * CRLF pair instead of just an LF. Has no effect if {@code
48 | * NO_WRAP} is specified as well.
49 | */
50 | public static final int CRLF = 4;
51 |
52 | /**
53 | * Encoder/decoder flag bit to indicate using the "URL and
54 | * filename safe" variant of Base64 (see RFC 3548 section 4) where
55 | * {@code -} and {@code _} are used in place of {@code +} and
56 | * {@code /}.
57 | */
58 | public static final int URL_SAFE = 8;
59 |
60 | /**
61 | * Flag to pass to {@link Base64OutputStream} to indicate that it
62 | * should not close the output stream it is wrapping when it
63 | * itself is closed.
64 | */
65 | public static final int NO_CLOSE = 16;
66 |
67 | // --------------------------------------------------------
68 | // shared code
69 | // --------------------------------------------------------
70 |
71 | /* package */ static abstract class Coder {
72 | public byte[] output;
73 | public int op;
74 |
75 | /**
76 | * Encode/decode another block of input data. this.output is
77 | * provided by the caller, and must be big enough to hold all
78 | * the coded data. On exit, this.opwill be set to the length
79 | * of the coded data.
80 | *
81 | * @param finish true if this is the final call to process for
82 | * this object. Will finalize the coder state and
83 | * include any final bytes in the output.
84 | *
85 | * @return true if the input so far is good; false if some
86 | * error has been detected in the input stream..
87 | */
88 | public abstract boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish);
89 |
90 | /**
91 | * @return the maximum number of bytes a call to process()
92 | * could produce for the given number of input bytes. This may
93 | * be an overestimate.
94 | */
95 | public abstract int maxOutputSize(int len);
96 | }
97 |
98 | // --------------------------------------------------------
99 | // decoding
100 | // --------------------------------------------------------
101 |
102 | /**
103 | * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
104 | * a new byte array.
105 | *
106 | * The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
107 | * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
108 | *
109 | * @param str the input String to decode, which is converted to
110 | * bytes using the default charset
111 | * @param flags controls certain features of the decoded output.
112 | * Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
113 | *
114 | * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
115 | * incorrect padding
116 | */
117 | public static byte[] decode(String str, int flags) {
118 | return decode(str.getBytes(), flags);
119 | }
120 |
121 | /**
122 | * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
123 | * a new byte array.
124 | *
125 | *
The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
126 | * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
127 | *
128 | * @param input the input array to decode
129 | * @param flags controls certain features of the decoded output.
130 | * Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
131 | *
132 | * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
133 | * incorrect padding
134 | */
135 | public static byte[] decode(byte[] input, int flags) {
136 | return decode(input, 0, input.length, flags);
137 | }
138 |
139 | /**
140 | * Decode the Base64-encoded data in input and return the data in
141 | * a new byte array.
142 | *
143 | *
The padding '=' characters at the end are considered optional, but
144 | * if any are present, there must be the correct number of them.
145 | *
146 | * @param input the data to decode
147 | * @param offset the position within the input array at which to start
148 | * @param len the number of bytes of input to decode
149 | * @param flags controls certain features of the decoded output.
150 | * Pass {@code DEFAULT} to decode standard Base64.
151 | *
152 | * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input contains
153 | * incorrect padding
154 | */
155 | public static byte[] decode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
156 | // Allocate space for the most data the input could represent.
157 | // (It could contain less if it contains whitespace, etc.)
158 | Decoder decoder = new Decoder(flags, new byte[len*3/4]);
159 |
160 | if (!decoder.process(input, offset, len, true)) {
161 | throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
162 | }
163 |
164 | // Maybe we got lucky and allocated exactly enough output space.
165 | if (decoder.op == decoder.output.length) {
166 | return decoder.output;
167 | }
168 |
169 | // Need to shorten the array, so allocate a new one of the
170 | // right size and copy.
171 | byte[] temp = new byte[decoder.op];
172 | System.arraycopy(decoder.output, 0, temp, 0, decoder.op);
173 | return temp;
174 | }
175 |
176 | /* package */ static class Decoder extends Coder {
177 | /**
178 | * Lookup table for turning bytes into their position in the
179 | * Base64 alphabet.
180 | */
181 | private static final int DECODE[] = {
182 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
183 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
184 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63,
185 | 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1,
186 | -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
187 | 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
188 | -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
189 | 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
190 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
191 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
192 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
193 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
194 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
195 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
196 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
197 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
198 | };
199 |
200 | /**
201 | * Decode lookup table for the "web safe" variant (RFC 3548
202 | * sec. 4) where - and _ replace + and /.
203 | */
204 | private static final int DECODE_WEBSAFE[] = {
205 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
206 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
207 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1,
208 | 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1,
209 | -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
210 | 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, 63,
211 | -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
212 | 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
213 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
214 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
215 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
216 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
217 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
218 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
219 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
220 | -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
221 | };
222 |
223 | /** Non-data values in the DECODE arrays. */
224 | private static final int SKIP = -1;
225 | private static final int EQUALS = -2;
226 |
227 | /**
228 | * States 0-3 are reading through the next input tuple.
229 | * State 4 is having read one '=' and expecting exactly
230 | * one more.
231 | * State 5 is expecting no more data or padding characters
232 | * in the input.
233 | * State 6 is the error state; an error has been detected
234 | * in the input and no future input can "fix" it.
235 | */
236 | private int state; // state number (0 to 6)
237 | private int value;
238 |
239 | final private int[] alphabet;
240 |
241 | public Decoder(int flags, byte[] output) {
242 | this.output = output;
243 |
244 | alphabet = ((flags & URL_SAFE) == 0) ? DECODE : DECODE_WEBSAFE;
245 | state = 0;
246 | value = 0;
247 | }
248 |
249 | /**
250 | * @return an overestimate for the number of bytes {@code
251 | * len} bytes could decode to.
252 | */
253 | @Override
254 | public int maxOutputSize(int len) {
255 | return len * 3/4 + 10;
256 | }
257 |
258 | /**
259 | * Decode another block of input data.
260 | *
261 | * @return true if the state machine is still healthy. false if
262 | * bad base-64 data has been detected in the input stream.
263 | */
264 | @Override
265 | public boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish) {
266 | if (this.state == 6) return false;
267 |
268 | int p = offset;
269 | len += offset;
270 |
271 | // Using local variables makes the decoder about 12%
272 | // faster than if we manipulate the member variables in
273 | // the loop. (Even alphabet makes a measurable
274 | // difference, which is somewhat surprising to me since
275 | // the member variable is final.)
276 | int state = this.state;
277 | int value = this.value;
278 | int op = 0;
279 | final byte[] output = this.output;
280 | final int[] alphabet = this.alphabet;
281 |
282 | while (p < len) {
283 | // Try the fast path: we're starting a new tuple and the
284 | // next four bytes of the input stream are all data
285 | // bytes. This corresponds to going through states
286 | // 0-1-2-3-0. We expect to use this method for most of
287 | // the data.
288 | //
289 | // If any of the next four bytes of input are non-data
290 | // (whitespace, etc.), value will end up negative. (All
291 | // the non-data values in decode are small negative
292 | // numbers, so shifting any of them up and or'ing them
293 | // together will result in a value with its top bit set.)
294 | //
295 | // You can remove this whole block and the output should
296 | // be the same, just slower.
297 | if (state == 0) {
298 | while (p+4 <= len &&
299 | (value = ((alphabet[input[p] & 0xff] << 18) |
300 | (alphabet[input[p+1] & 0xff] << 12) |
301 | (alphabet[input[p+2] & 0xff] << 6) |
302 | (alphabet[input[p+3] & 0xff]))) >= 0) {
303 | output[op+2] = (byte) value;
304 | output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
305 | output[op] = (byte) (value >> 16);
306 | op += 3;
307 | p += 4;
308 | }
309 | if (p >= len) break;
310 | }
311 |
312 | // The fast path isn't available -- either we've read a
313 | // partial tuple, or the next four input bytes aren't all
314 | // data, or whatever. Fall back to the slower state
315 | // machine implementation.
316 |
317 | int d = alphabet[input[p++] & 0xff];
318 |
319 | switch (state) {
320 | case 0:
321 | if (d >= 0) {
322 | value = d;
323 | ++state;
324 | } else if (d != SKIP) {
325 | this.state = 6;
326 | return false;
327 | }
328 | break;
329 |
330 | case 1:
331 | if (d >= 0) {
332 | value = (value << 6) | d;
333 | ++state;
334 | } else if (d != SKIP) {
335 | this.state = 6;
336 | return false;
337 | }
338 | break;
339 |
340 | case 2:
341 | if (d >= 0) {
342 | value = (value << 6) | d;
343 | ++state;
344 | } else if (d == EQUALS) {
345 | // Emit the last (partial) output tuple;
346 | // expect exactly one more padding character.
347 | output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 4);
348 | state = 4;
349 | } else if (d != SKIP) {
350 | this.state = 6;
351 | return false;
352 | }
353 | break;
354 |
355 | case 3:
356 | if (d >= 0) {
357 | // Emit the output triple and return to state 0.
358 | value = (value << 6) | d;
359 | output[op+2] = (byte) value;
360 | output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
361 | output[op] = (byte) (value >> 16);
362 | op += 3;
363 | state = 0;
364 | } else if (d == EQUALS) {
365 | // Emit the last (partial) output tuple;
366 | // expect no further data or padding characters.
367 | output[op+1] = (byte) (value >> 2);
368 | output[op] = (byte) (value >> 10);
369 | op += 2;
370 | state = 5;
371 | } else if (d != SKIP) {
372 | this.state = 6;
373 | return false;
374 | }
375 | break;
376 |
377 | case 4:
378 | if (d == EQUALS) {
379 | ++state;
380 | } else if (d != SKIP) {
381 | this.state = 6;
382 | return false;
383 | }
384 | break;
385 |
386 | case 5:
387 | if (d != SKIP) {
388 | this.state = 6;
389 | return false;
390 | }
391 | break;
392 | }
393 | }
394 |
395 | if (!finish) {
396 | // We're out of input, but a future call could provide
397 | // more.
398 | this.state = state;
399 | this.value = value;
400 | this.op = op;
401 | return true;
402 | }
403 |
404 | // Done reading input. Now figure out where we are left in
405 | // the state machine and finish up.
406 |
407 | switch (state) {
408 | case 0:
409 | // Output length is a multiple of three. Fine.
410 | break;
411 | case 1:
412 | // Read one extra input byte, which isn't enough to
413 | // make another output byte. Illegal.
414 | this.state = 6;
415 | return false;
416 | case 2:
417 | // Read two extra input bytes, enough to emit 1 more
418 | // output byte. Fine.
419 | output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 4);
420 | break;
421 | case 3:
422 | // Read three extra input bytes, enough to emit 2 more
423 | // output bytes. Fine.
424 | output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 10);
425 | output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 2);
426 | break;
427 | case 4:
428 | // Read one padding '=' when we expected 2. Illegal.
429 | this.state = 6;
430 | return false;
431 | case 5:
432 | // Read all the padding '='s we expected and no more.
433 | // Fine.
434 | break;
435 | }
436 |
437 | this.state = state;
438 | this.op = op;
439 | return true;
440 | }
441 | }
442 |
443 | // --------------------------------------------------------
444 | // encoding
445 | // --------------------------------------------------------
446 |
447 | /**
448 | * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
449 | * String with the result.
450 | *
451 | * @param input the data to encode
452 | * @param flags controls certain features of the encoded output.
453 | * Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
454 | * adheres to RFC 2045.
455 | */
456 | public static String encodeToString(byte[] input, int flags) {
457 | try {
458 | return new String(encode(input, flags), "US-ASCII");
459 | } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
460 | // US-ASCII is guaranteed to be available.
461 | throw new AssertionError(e);
462 | }
463 | }
464 |
465 | /**
466 | * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
467 | * String with the result.
468 | *
469 | * @param input the data to encode
470 | * @param offset the position within the input array at which to
471 | * start
472 | * @param len the number of bytes of input to encode
473 | * @param flags controls certain features of the encoded output.
474 | * Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
475 | * adheres to RFC 2045.
476 | */
477 | public static String encodeToString(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
478 | try {
479 | return new String(encode(input, offset, len, flags), "US-ASCII");
480 | } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
481 | // US-ASCII is guaranteed to be available.
482 | throw new AssertionError(e);
483 | }
484 | }
485 |
486 | /**
487 | * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
488 | * byte[] with the result.
489 | *
490 | * @param input the data to encode
491 | * @param flags controls certain features of the encoded output.
492 | * Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
493 | * adheres to RFC 2045.
494 | */
495 | public static byte[] encode(byte[] input, int flags) {
496 | return encode(input, 0, input.length, flags);
497 | }
498 |
499 | /**
500 | * Base64-encode the given data and return a newly allocated
501 | * byte[] with the result.
502 | *
503 | * @param input the data to encode
504 | * @param offset the position within the input array at which to
505 | * start
506 | * @param len the number of bytes of input to encode
507 | * @param flags controls certain features of the encoded output.
508 | * Passing {@code DEFAULT} results in output that
509 | * adheres to RFC 2045.
510 | */
511 | public static byte[] encode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
512 | Encoder encoder = new Encoder(flags, null);
513 |
514 | // Compute the exact length of the array we will produce.
515 | int output_len = len / 3 * 4;
516 |
517 | // Account for the tail of the data and the padding bytes, if any.
518 | if (encoder.do_padding) {
519 | if (len % 3 > 0) {
520 | output_len += 4;
521 | }
522 | } else {
523 | switch (len % 3) {
524 | case 0: break;
525 | case 1: output_len += 2; break;
526 | case 2: output_len += 3; break;
527 | }
528 | }
529 |
530 | // Account for the newlines, if any.
531 | if (encoder.do_newline && len > 0) {
532 | output_len += (((len-1) / (3 * Encoder.LINE_GROUPS)) + 1) *
533 | (encoder.do_cr ? 2 : 1);
534 | }
535 |
536 | encoder.output = new byte[output_len];
537 | encoder.process(input, offset, len, true);
538 |
539 | assert encoder.op == output_len;
540 |
541 | return encoder.output;
542 | }
543 |
544 | /* package */ static class Encoder extends Coder {
545 | /**
546 | * Emit a new line every this many output tuples. Corresponds to
547 | * a 76-character line length (the maximum allowable according to
548 | * RFC 2045).
549 | */
550 | public static final int LINE_GROUPS = 19;
551 |
552 | /**
553 | * Lookup table for turning Base64 alphabet positions (6 bits)
554 | * into output bytes.
555 | */
556 | private static final byte ENCODE[] = {
557 | 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
558 | 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
559 | 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
560 | 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/',
561 | };
562 |
563 | /**
564 | * Lookup table for turning Base64 alphabet positions (6 bits)
565 | * into output bytes.
566 | */
567 | private static final byte ENCODE_WEBSAFE[] = {
568 | 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
569 | 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
570 | 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
571 | 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_',
572 | };
573 |
574 | final private byte[] tail;
575 | /* package */ int tailLen;
576 | private int count;
577 |
578 | final public boolean do_padding;
579 | final public boolean do_newline;
580 | final public boolean do_cr;
581 | final private byte[] alphabet;
582 |
583 | public Encoder(int flags, byte[] output) {
584 | this.output = output;
585 |
586 | do_padding = (flags & NO_PADDING) == 0;
587 | do_newline = (flags & NO_WRAP) == 0;
588 | do_cr = (flags & CRLF) != 0;
589 | alphabet = ((flags & URL_SAFE) == 0) ? ENCODE : ENCODE_WEBSAFE;
590 |
591 | tail = new byte[2];
592 | tailLen = 0;
593 |
594 | count = do_newline ? LINE_GROUPS : -1;
595 | }
596 |
597 | /**
598 | * @return an overestimate for the number of bytes {@code
599 | * len} bytes could encode to.
600 | */
601 | @Override
602 | public int maxOutputSize(int len) {
603 | return len * 8/5 + 10;
604 | }
605 |
606 | @Override
607 | public boolean process(byte[] input, int offset, int len, boolean finish) {
608 | // Using local variables makes the encoder about 9% faster.
609 | final byte[] alphabet = this.alphabet;
610 | final byte[] output = this.output;
611 | int op = 0;
612 | int count = this.count;
613 |
614 | int p = offset;
615 | len += offset;
616 | int v = -1;
617 |
618 | // First we need to concatenate the tail of the previous call
619 | // with any input bytes available now and see if we can empty
620 | // the tail.
621 |
622 | switch (tailLen) {
623 | case 0:
624 | // There was no tail.
625 | break;
626 |
627 | case 1:
628 | if (p+2 <= len) {
629 | // A 1-byte tail with at least 2 bytes of
630 | // input available now.
631 | v = ((tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
632 | ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 8) |
633 | (input[p++] & 0xff);
634 | tailLen = 0;
635 | };
636 | break;
637 |
638 | case 2:
639 | if (p+1 <= len) {
640 | // A 2-byte tail with at least 1 byte of input.
641 | v = ((tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
642 | ((tail[1] & 0xff) << 8) |
643 | (input[p++] & 0xff);
644 | tailLen = 0;
645 | }
646 | break;
647 | }
648 |
649 | if (v != -1) {
650 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
651 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
652 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
653 | output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
654 | if (--count == 0) {
655 | if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
656 | output[op++] = '\n';
657 | count = LINE_GROUPS;
658 | }
659 | }
660 |
661 | // At this point either there is no tail, or there are fewer
662 | // than 3 bytes of input available.
663 |
664 | // The main loop, turning 3 input bytes into 4 output bytes on
665 | // each iteration.
666 | while (p+3 <= len) {
667 | v = ((input[p] & 0xff) << 16) |
668 | ((input[p+1] & 0xff) << 8) |
669 | (input[p+2] & 0xff);
670 | output[op] = alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
671 | output[op+1] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
672 | output[op+2] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
673 | output[op+3] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
674 | p += 3;
675 | op += 4;
676 | if (--count == 0) {
677 | if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
678 | output[op++] = '\n';
679 | count = LINE_GROUPS;
680 | }
681 | }
682 |
683 | if (finish) {
684 | // Finish up the tail of the input. Note that we need to
685 | // consume any bytes in tail before any bytes
686 | // remaining in input; there should be at most two bytes
687 | // total.
688 |
689 | if (p-tailLen == len-1) {
690 | int t = 0;
691 | v = ((tailLen > 0 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 4;
692 | tailLen -= t;
693 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
694 | output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
695 | if (do_padding) {
696 | output[op++] = '=';
697 | output[op++] = '=';
698 | }
699 | if (do_newline) {
700 | if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
701 | output[op++] = '\n';
702 | }
703 | } else if (p-tailLen == len-2) {
704 | int t = 0;
705 | v = (((tailLen > 1 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 10) |
706 | (((tailLen > 0 ? tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 2);
707 | tailLen -= t;
708 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
709 | output[op++] = alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
710 | output[op++] = alphabet[v & 0x3f];
711 | if (do_padding) {
712 | output[op++] = '=';
713 | }
714 | if (do_newline) {
715 | if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
716 | output[op++] = '\n';
717 | }
718 | } else if (do_newline && op > 0 && count != LINE_GROUPS) {
719 | if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
720 | output[op++] = '\n';
721 | }
722 |
723 | assert tailLen == 0;
724 | assert p == len;
725 | } else {
726 | // Save the leftovers in tail to be consumed on the next
727 | // call to encodeInternal.
728 |
729 | if (p == len-1) {
730 | tail[tailLen++] = input[p];
731 | } else if (p == len-2) {
732 | tail[tailLen++] = input[p];
733 | tail[tailLen++] = input[p+1];
734 | }
735 | }
736 |
737 | this.op = op;
738 | this.count = count;
739 |
740 | return true;
741 | }
742 | }
743 |
744 | private Base64() { } // don't instantiate
745 | }
746 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007
3 |
4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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471 | 11. Patents.
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535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
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552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
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554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
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563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
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589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
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591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
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606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author}
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname}
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
676 |
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