├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE.txt ├── README.md ├── corpus.t2c ├── corpus.txt └── sources ├── 01_KATO'S BABY FALLS NEAR THE FIRE.pdf ├── 01_Katosbabyandthefire.pa ├── 02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.mp3 ├── 02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.pdf ├── 02_XigAbaI_almostbittenbysnake.pa ├── 03 Sept29AMFX3.pdf ├── 03_Sept23AMFX3.pa ├── 04 panther.pdf ├── 04_panther.pa ├── 05 VISIT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS.pdf ├── 05_anthropologists.pa ├── 06 APIBAI GOES, I STAY.pdf ├── 06_apibaI_goesIstay.pa ├── 07 BIRTH OF PE'S BABY #2.pdf ├── 07_birthofpesbaby.pa ├── 08 CASIMIRO DREAMS.pdf ├── 08_casimiro_dreams.pa ├── 09 DEATH OF AOGIOSO #2.pdf ├── 09_DeathofAogioso.pa ├── 10 IOHABI, THE DOG, AND THE SNAKE.pdf ├── 11 ISAGUE AND THE ONCA.pdf ├── 11_Isague_onca.pa ├── 12 ITASOI HUNTS FOR TAPIR.pdf ├── 12_Itaisoi_huntstapir.pa ├── 13 MARTINS VISIT.pdf ├── 13_Martins_visit.pa ├── 14 MIGIXISTI DIES.pdf ├── 14_Migixisti_dies.pa ├── 15 OPISI GETS A DOG.pdf ├── 15_Opisi_getsadog.pa ├── 16 TRIP TO SEE A PLANE.pdf ├── 16_plane.pa ├── 17 PORTO VELHO IS BIG.pdf ├── 17_Porto_Velho.pa ├── Arlo kills a deer, Heinrich.pdf ├── Birth of Pii's baby, Sheldon 2.pdf ├── Birth of Pii's baby, Sheldon.pdf ├── Casimiro sick, Sheldon.pdf ├── Isagoi and the jaguar, Sheldon.pdf ├── Itaibigai text Sheldon.pdf ├── Itaisoi hunts for tapir, Sheldon.pdf ├── Kato's baby falls near fire, 2, Sheldon.pdf ├── Koai almost dies, Sheldon.pdf ├── Koxoaha returns home b.pdf ├── Opisi gets a dog, 3, Heinrichs.pdf ├── Palha from river Joqui, Heinrichs.pdf ├── Pii's baby falls near fire, Sheldon.pdf ├── Porto Velho is big, text, Sheldon.pdf └── Women work, Sheldon.pdf /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *~ 2 | .DS_Store 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International 2 | 3 | ======================================================================= 4 | 5 | Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and 6 | does not provide legal services or legal advice. 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For 422 | the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public 423 | licenses. 424 | 425 | Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # MIT Pirahã Corpus 2 | 3 | ## Overview 4 | 5 | This corpus provides a transcription and word-by-word translation of 1149 sentences of Pirahã that were collected during fieldwork by Steve Sheldon and Dan Everett. Our goal is to provide primary linguistic data from Pirahã in a human- and machine-readable format that includes annotation of the lexicon, morphology, and syntax of the language. 6 | 7 | See the publication "A Corpus Investigation of Syntactic Embedding in Pirahã" by Richard Futrell, Laura Stearns, Daniel L. Everett, Steven T. Piantadosi, and Edward Gibson in PLOS ONE. 8 | 9 | This corpus is distributed under a Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license, allowing free modification and re-distribution of the corpus so long as derivative work is released under the same terms. You may disregard any comments in the source files to the effect that citation is limited. 10 | 11 | ## Contributing 12 | 13 | We welcome any contributions, including suggested changes to the core parsed data. To contribute, [fork this repository](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/), make your changes in your fork, and [submit a pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/). 14 | 15 | ## Data Sources 16 | 17 | The majority of the texts are transcriptions of a single speaker describing an event. Some dialogue appears at the beginning of the `Sept29amfx3` text. `XigAbaI_almostbittenbysnake`, `Sept29amfx3`, and `panther` were recorded, transcribed, and translated by Daniel L. Everett. All other texts were initially recorded, transcribed and translated by Steve Sheldon in the 1970s. Some of the translations, word boundaries, and sentence boundaries have been since been edited to reflect the current best translation. The original sentence translations have been preserved in the first of the two glosses given above each sentence, except for in `Katosbabyandthefire`, for which these first glosses reflect a 2009 translation by Daniel L. Everett. 18 | 19 | ### Dan Everett texts 20 | 21 | These stories were originally translated by Dan Everett. 22 | 23 | | Number | Speaker | Date | Transcriber | Source file | 24 | | ------ | ---------- | -------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------- | 25 | | 1 | Xaogioso (f) | 1970s | Steve Sheldon | `01 KATO'S BABY FALLS NEAR THE FIRE.pdf` | 26 | | 2 | Xahoápati (m) | c.a. 2000 | Dan Everett | `02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.pdf` | 27 | | 3 | Kaioá (m) | Sept. 29, 2009 | Dan Everett | `03 Sept23AMFX3.pdf` | 28 | | 4 | Xahoápati (m) | July 28, 1980 | Dan Everett | `04 panther.pdf` | 29 | 30 | 31 | ### Steve Sheldon texts 32 | 33 | These texts were all collected in the 1970s and transcribed and originally translated by Steve Sheldon. 34 | 35 | | Number | Speaker | Source file | 36 | | ------ | ------------ | -----------------------------------------| 37 | | 5 | Itaibigai (f) | `05 VISIT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS.pdf` | 38 | | 6 | Tisahai (f) | `06 APIBAI GOES, I STAY.pdf` | 39 | | 7 | Maigiphoasi (f) | `07 BIRTH OF PE'S BABY #2.pdf` | 40 | | 8 | Kaboibagi (m) | `08 CASIMIRO DREAMS.pdf` | 41 | | 9 | Itaibigai (f) | `09 DEATH OF AOGIOSO #2.pdf` | 42 | | 10 | Baigibohoasi (f) | `10 IOHABI, THE DOG, AND THE SNAKE.pdf` | 43 | | 11 | Kaboibagi (m) | `11 ISAGUE AND THE ONCA.pdf` | 44 | | 12 | Tisahai (f) | `12 ITAISOI HUNTS FOR TAPIR.pdf` | 45 | | 13 | Itaibigai (f) | `13 MARTINS VISIT.pdf` | 46 | | 14 | Itaibigai (f) | `14 MIGIXISTI DIES.pdf` | 47 | | 15 | Tisahai (f) | `15 OPISI GETS A DOG.pdf` | 48 | | 16 | Tisahai (f) | `16 TRIP TO SEE A PLANE.pdf` | 49 | | 17 | Tisahai (f) | `17 PORTO VELHO IS BIG.pdf` | 50 | 51 | 52 | ## Phonemic Transcription 53 | 54 | Pirahã phonemes are /i/, /a/, /u/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /h/, /s/, /b/, /g/, and /ʔ/. In the corpus, /ʔ/ is written `x` and /u/ is written `o`. 55 | 56 | Pirahã vowels have phonemic tone, high or low. High tones are marked with a capitalized vowel. These are based either on a diacritic marking in texts transcribed by Daniel L. Everett or tone 1 or tone 2 marker in texts transcribed by Steve Sheldon. 57 | 58 | Low tones are marked with a lower case vowel. These are based either on a lack of a diacritic marking in texts transcribed by Daniel Everett or a lack of a tone marker or a tone 3 marker in texts transcribed by Steve Sheldon. 59 | 60 | Otherwise, the orthography is straightforward. 61 | 62 | ## Word and Sentence Boundaries 63 | 64 | Pirahã words are given broken into morphological units, with exceptions for proper nouns, foreign words and phrases, or words whose morphological details are unknown. Word boundaries are indicated by units which are not preceded by a dash; dashes indicate a unit is an affix. 65 | 66 | It is possible that many of the pronouns or short nouns whose definitions are marked with `_clitic` may not be independent words, yet are labeled as such in this corpus. 67 | 68 | ## Basic Organization of the Corpus 69 | 70 | Each text in the corpus is preceded by three lines of hashes and information about the source of the text. 71 | 72 | The corpus is divided into stories; stories are divided into "utterances"; and utterances are divided into sentences. Utterances correspond to the sentence breaks in Steve Sheldon's original glosses. 73 | 74 | Each utterance is preceded by two English glosses (free translations). The first is labeled with a hash and a code of two numbers, and reflects the English translation given by Steve Sheldon or Daniel L. Everett in their original translation. The second is labeled with a hash and a code of three numbers, and reflects the current best translation, as judged by Daniel L. Everett, Steve Sheldon, and the other authors. Clarifications are provided in square brackets in these glosses. The glosses allow simple text searching to find rough equivalents of English words and phrases (e.g. what does Pirahã use to convey meanings glossed as "and"?). 75 | 76 | ## Numbering Scheme 77 | 78 | Each Pirahã sentence is labeled with a unique code of three numbers, appearing on the preceding line along with its current best English translation. The first number indicates the text in which the utterance appears. The second number indicates the utterance's sequential placement within the text. This second number reflects the utterance boundaries present in the original transcriptions (e.g. by Dan Everett and Steve Sheldon). In many cases, text which was originally translated into a single utterance actually includes a group of Pirahã sentences according to our current best translations. When this occurs, the third number indicates the order of the Pirahã sentences within this grouping. Otherwise, the third number is simply 1. 79 | 80 | ## Part-of-Speech Tags 81 | 82 | Each morphological unit is in an *A/B/C* triple, where *A* is a Pirahã word, *B* is an English translation, and *C* is a part of speech tag. For instance *kagi/basket/NN* means that the Pirahã word *kagi* is best translated into "basket", a noun (`NN`). In the English translations, the numerals 1, 2, 3 indicate first, second, and third person pronouns respectively, and underscores are used where single English words do not suffice. In cases where morphemes are judged to be affixes, only the root is labeled with a tag. 83 | 84 | Part-of-speech tags are assigned based on the judgment of the authors and are based on those used in the Penn Treebank. Listed below are the tags used in the Pirahã corpus, along with examples: 85 | 86 | | Tag | Description | Examples (**Pirahã**/English definition) | 87 | | ----- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------- | 88 | | `NN` | Noun | **kagi**/expected_associate **ao**/foreigner **s**/animal_clitic **xahoa**/day **hoaI**/fire **aho**/leg **baOsai**/cloth **kopaIyai**/panther **kaxAowI**/basket | 89 | | `NNP` | Proper noun | **KatO**/Kato **TixohOI**/TixohOI **hoagaixoOxai**/HoagaixoOxai **isaitaOgi**/Steve **pasabIi**/Passar_Bem **XaogiosohoagI**/Xaogioso 90 | | `PRP` | Personal pronoun | **ti**/1 **gIxa**/2 **hi**/3 **xi**/3_feminine | 91 | | `VB` | Verb | **igA**/speak **xai**/do **a**/move **ait**/sleep **Op**/give_birth **apipaO**/dream | 92 | | `JJ` | Adjective | **bio**/weak **AbahIo**/useless **ogI**/big **sigi**/same **itA**/hurt **bAt**/used_up | 93 | | `JJR` | Comparative adjective | **pixAagihI**/younger | 94 | | `IN` | Postposition | **higIo**/comitative **kA**/from **xiigihi**/near **xIosi**/inside | 95 | | `RB` | Adverb | **aigIa**/thus **xaI**/thus **pIai**/also **gAi**/here **kaxaO**/away **IbIg**/very | 96 | | `RP` | Particle | **go**/focus | 97 | | `DT` | Determiner | **kapiOxiai**/another **aihi**/that_one **aIbA**/many **oogiO**/much **oOxiai**/other | 98 | | `CD` | Cardinal numeral | **hOi**/one_or_few | 99 | | `WP` | Wh-pronoun | **aOi**/who_or_what | 100 | | `UH` | Interjection | **xigIa**/okay **hai**/hmm **ko**/hey **a**/false_start | 101 | | `FW` | Foreign word | **so**/only **agora**/now **quase**/almost **saiu_ai_morar**/went_to_live_there | 102 | 103 | The tagging should be considered descriptive yet tentative. In particular, some of the part-of-speech tags used may not reflect true syntactic categories in Pirahã. For example, several tags used appear with only one lexical item: the only comparative adjective which appears is *pixAagihI*, translated as "younger", the only cardinal numeral which appears is *hOi*, meaning "few", and the only wh-prounon is *aOi*, meaning "who" or "what". It is possible that *hOi* may be better analyzed as a determiner and *aOi* as a noun. 104 | 105 | ## Syntactic Tags 106 | 107 | We provide a simple shallowing parsing of the corpus in order to characterize the syntactic structure of Pirahã in a broad and theory-neutral way. This parsing was completed based on the judgment of the authors. The formatting used is `tgrep2` compatible. 108 | 109 | | Tag | Description | 110 | | ---------- | ----------- | 111 | | `Q` | Quote | 112 | | `S` | Sentence | 113 | | `NPsubj` | Noun phrase, subject | 114 | | `NPobj` | Noun phrase, object | 115 | | `NPiobj` | Noun phrase, indirect object | 116 | | `NPloc` | Noun phrase, locative | 117 | | `NPvoc` | Noun phrase, vocative | 118 | | `NPtmp` | Noun phrase, temporal | 119 | | `NPtopic`* | Noun phrase, topical | 120 | | `JJobj` | Adjective phrase, complement | 121 | | `V` | Verb | 122 | | `POS` | Possessive phrase | 123 | | `PP` | Postpositional phrase | 124 | | `PAREN` | Parenthetical | 125 | | `FRAG` | Fragment | 126 | | `*` | Omission [see below] | 127 | 128 | * `NPtopic` may include following modifiers to indicate what role the noun appears to play in the context of the sentence: `-subj` `-obj` `-iobj` `-loc` `-tmp` 129 | 130 | Omissions: An asterisk is used to indicate the omission of something which seems called for by the grammar. That is, it appears in the following cases: 131 | 132 | 1. No subject appears before the verb 133 | 2. No verb appears before the verbal affixes, or no verb appears in the sentence 134 | 3. No object appears after a possessor 135 | 4. No object appears before a postposition, such as a comitative marker 136 | 137 | 138 | ## ISLRN Number 139 | 140 | `578-325-120-369-3` 141 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /corpus.t2c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/corpus.t2c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/01_KATO'S BABY FALLS NEAR THE FIRE.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/01_KATO'S BABY FALLS NEAR THE FIRE.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/01_Katosbabyandthefire.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # SOURCE: Baby falls in fire.pdf (Text: Kato’s baby falls near the fire; Informant: Xaogíoso; Recorded by: Steve Sheldon (early 1970s); Translations and glosses completed by Dan Everett (2009)) 3 | # This is a story about a small baby (Tixohóí) who during the night falls off the bed and near the fire. His mother (Kato) and father (Hoagaixoóxai) are sound sleepers and do not waken to his crying. The grandmother (Xaogoíso) who is telling the story is very angry as is her sister (Xigaoxixaihoái) and husband (Xopísi). The father’s brother (Xoii) is also angry at their sleepiness and threatens that because the mother is such a sound sleeper he will have sexual contact with her some night and she would never know it. The baby is not really burned nor hurt, and finally grandmother takes baby back to his mommy to be nursed and put back to sleep. When the baby is sleeping again, the grandmother also returns to sleep. 4 | 5 | # Gloss1: 6 | # Early in the day I spoke. BaIgipOhoasi spoke (carried sound). Is Kato sleepy? 7 | ti/1/PRP xahoa/day/NN -gI/real ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN a/sound/NN O/vertical_move/VB -p/up -I/proximate -xi/DECL hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB baIgipOhoasi/BaIgipOhoasi/NNP ././. KatO/Kato/NNP hi/3/PRP ob/eye/NN -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate aag/be/VB -oxoihI/INTER KatO/Kato/NNP ?/?/? 8 | 9 | # Gloss2: 10 | # He (TixohOI) fell by the fire. 11 | hi/3/PRP hoaI/fire/NN ib/hit/VB -a/move -b/down -og/want/VB -aA/almost ././. 12 | 13 | # Gloss3: 14 | # I spoke (carried sound). TixohOI is crying on the ground 15 | ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS ././. hi/3/PRP big/ground/NN a/move_vertical/VB -I/proximate is/cry/VB -Aaga/be -haI/REL_CERT TixohOI/TixohOI/NNP ././. 16 | 17 | # Gloss4: 18 | # He fell by the fire right now. 19 | hoaI/fire/NN -b/down -o/direct -i/proximate -hI/COMPL_CERT pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 20 | 21 | # Gloss5: 22 | # I spoke to Opisi. 'Did TixohOI burn himself just now?' 23 | ti/1/PRP xaigIA/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS ././. xaI/thus/RB OpIsi/Opisi/NNP hi/3/PRP o/vertical_move/VB -b/down -a/remote -hohI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH TixohOI/TixohOI/NNP ?/?/? 24 | 25 | # Gloss6: 26 | # He is by the fire crying. 27 | hoai/fire/NN Is/cry/VB -aagA/be -haI/REL_CERT ././. 28 | 29 | # Gloss7: 30 | # Did he burn himself right now? 31 | hi/3/PRP o/vertical_move/VB -b/down -a/remote -hoi/doubt -hI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 32 | 33 | # Gloss8: 34 | # I spoke. Well I will go pick him up. 35 | ti/1/PRPR xaigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS ././. xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP xoi/jungle/NN -si/old_info k/it/PRP a/move_vertical/VB -o/direct -p/up -aI/do ././. 36 | 37 | # Gloss9: 38 | # He is really putting dirt up in his mouth on the ground 39 | hi/3/PRP Ao/mouth/NN big/dirt/NN -o/direct -b/down Ao/put/VB -p/up -aI/do -xai/INTENS ././. 40 | 41 | # Gloss10: 42 | # Thus I spoke. Xopisi, don't be so sleepy (lazy)! 43 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -aI/INTENS ././. xopIsi/Xopisi/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down a/move_vertical/VB -p/up -I/proximate -aag/be -ag/DUR -i/transitional_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 44 | 45 | # Gloss11: 46 | # He just fell by the fire. 47 | hoaI/fire/NN -b/down -O/direct -i/proximate -hI/COMPL_CERT pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 48 | 49 | # Gloss12: 50 | # Did he burn himself? (lit: Did he fall directly down (on the fire)?) 51 | hI/3/PRP O/direct/VB -b/down -a/remote -hoihI/INTER ?/?/? 52 | 53 | # Gloss13: 54 | # XigaOxixaihoai then spoke. Kato are you sleeping? 55 | xigaOxixaihoai/Tixohoi's_other_name/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -haxA/COMPL_CERT katO/Kato/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate ai/do/VB -hI/COMPL_CERT ././. 56 | 57 | # Gloss14: 58 | # Your young first born son is by the fire now. 59 | gIxai/2/PRP piihI/favorite/JJ hOi/child/NN -kOoI/permanent_property pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH hoaI/fire/NN ././. 60 | 61 | # Gloss15: 62 | # She said (my sister is angry) she said, "Did he fall in the fire? Did he fall in the fire just now?" 63 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xahaig/sibling/NN OtI/angry/JJ -ha/COMPL_CERT xaI/do/VB hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -xai/INTENS hoaI/fire/NN -b/down -O/direct -i/proximate -hI/REL_CERT hoaI/fire/NN -b/down -O/direct -i/proximate -hI/REL_CERT pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 64 | 65 | # Gloss16: 66 | # Did TixohOi burn himself? (lit: fall directly on (the fire)) 67 | hi/3/PRP o/vertical_move/VB -b/down -a/remote -hoihI/INTER tixohOI/TixohOI/NNP ?/?/? 68 | 69 | # Gloss17: 70 | # He is crying by the fire. 71 | hoaI/fire/NN is/cry/VB -Aaga/be -haI/REL_CERT ././. 72 | 73 | # Gloss18: 74 | # I then spoke. Well Opisi, did he burn himself now? 75 | tIi/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS ././. xaI/thus/RB xopIsi/Xopisi/NNP hi/3/PRP o/vertical_move/VB -b/down -a/remote -hoihI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 76 | 77 | # Gloss19: 78 | # Well XoI the relative is very angry. 79 | xaI/thus/RB xoI/XoI/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ahaig/sibling/NN Oti/angry/JJ -haxA/COMPL_CERT ././. 80 | 81 | # Gloss20: 82 | # XoI spoke. Hoagaixoxai are you sleepy (lit: are your eyes fluttering)? (Are) you a man? 83 | xoI/XoI/NNP hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -xi/COMPL_CERT hoagaixoxai/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate ai/do/VB -hI/INTER ?/?/? gIxai/2/PRP xigihI/man/NN ?/?/? 84 | 85 | # Gloss21: 86 | # He will not go get his son. (lit: He will not move in the environment to pick up and bring back his son) 87 | hi/3/PRP hoA/son/NN xo/hand/NN Agi/grab/VB -ti/pull -ig/com -o/vertical_movement -p/up -i/proximate -haiba/NEG -haI/REL_CERT ././. 88 | 89 | # Gloss22: 90 | # He is on the ground, under the ground (digging himself in) 91 | hi/3/PRP big/ground/NN -O/LOC ././. hi/3/PRP biIi/ground/NN -gi/under -O/LOC ././. 92 | 93 | # Gloss23: 94 | # 'Where is he? I do not know.' (one speaker to the other) 'His hips are near the head of the bed. (answer to first speaker) 95 | hi/3/PRP go/focus/RP -O/directional ?/?/? ti/1/PRP Oo/eye/NN -s/NEG aaga/be/VB ././. bAas/sleeping_platform/NN A/move_vertical/VB -p/up -ai/be ././. go/focus/RP -O/directional -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 96 | 97 | # Gloss24: 98 | # His face is there on the ground. It is there on the ground. 99 | kos/face/NN ai/be/VB gAi/there/RB big/ground/NN -O/LOC ././. kos/face/NN ai/be/VB gAi/there/RB big/ground/NN -O/LOC ././. 100 | 101 | # Gloss25: 102 | # Well I nearly went to see Kato. 103 | xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hI/3/PRP oI/jungle/NN k/it/PRP a/move_vertical/VB -o/direct -b/down -Ibai/frustrated_completion katO/KatO/NNP ././. 104 | 105 | # Gloss26: 106 | # Then I nearly cried out so she'd pick him up. (lit: I almost cried (to) her (such that) (she) picked (him) up.) 107 | ti/1/PRP xi/3fem/PRP os/cry/VB -ib/hit -A/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -Abag/frustrated_initiation -aO/completive ././. 108 | 109 | # Gloss27: 110 | # But I spoke. Kato is sleepy. (lit:Kato's eyes are fluttering) 111 | xigIa/okay/?? ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. katO/KatO/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate -a/COMPL_CERT ././. 112 | 113 | # Gloss28: 114 | # Well I almost started to go and beat KatO. 115 | katO/KatO/NNP ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB ib/hit/VB -A/vertical -b/down -o/direct -I/proximate -ta/repetitive -g/want -ab/DUR -AbagaI/frustrated_initiation ././. 116 | 117 | # Gloss29: 118 | # Is he sleeping? 119 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate -o/direct aI/do/VB -hI/INTER ?/?/? 120 | 121 | # Gloss30: 122 | # Well then I went and picked him up. 123 | ti/1/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP xoa/hand/NN -o/direct -p/up aI/do/VB -xai/EMPH ././. 124 | 125 | # Gloss31: 126 | # XopIsi spoke. Is KatO intensely sleepy? 127 | xopIsi/XopIsi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -hI/INTER ?/?/? katO/KatO/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate -bAaI/INTENS ././. 128 | 129 | # Gloss32: 130 | # She will not go and pick him up. 131 | xi/3fem/PRP hi/3/PRP xoA/hand/NN gi/grab/VB -ti/pull -ig/com -A/vertical -o/direct -p/up -I/proximate -hiaba/NEG -haI/REL_CERT ././. 132 | 133 | # Gloss33: 134 | # Well the fire... 135 | xaI/thus/RB hoaI/fire/NN ././. 136 | 137 | # Gloss34: 138 | # Well then I went to pull him up again. 139 | ti/1/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP o/hand/NN ah/go/VB -A/vertical -p/up -i/transition -ta/iterative -I/proximate ././. 140 | 141 | # Gloss35: 142 | # I went up to him. (3 person can be used for 1 person in texts, as the speaker takes a 'narrative perspective') 143 | hI/3/PRP xoI/jungle/NN -si/old_info k/it/PRP -a/vertical -o/direct -p/up aI/do/VB ././. 144 | 145 | # Gloss36: 146 | # Is he all wrapped up in the cloth? (lit: He is turned down/tied. Is it being the cloth?) 147 | hi/3/PRP O/turn/VB -b/down -o/direct -i/proximate ././. hi/3/PRP ai/do/VB -hI/INTER baOsaI/cloth/NN ?/?/? 148 | 149 | # Gloss37: 150 | # He is in (the cloth). He is. He is in. He is being in. 151 | hi/3/PRP O/turn/VB -xai/be ././. xi/3fem/PRP xai/be/VB ././. hi/3/PRP O/turn/VB -xai/be ././. hi/3/PRP O/turn/VB -xaagA/be ././. 152 | 153 | # Gloss38: 154 | # Well then my sister, BAIgipOhoasi, took XigaOxixaihoAi. 155 | xigaOxixaihoAi/XigaOxixaihoAi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ti/1/PRP Ahai/sibling/NN xoa/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up a/vertical_move/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT bAIgipOhoasi/BAIgipOhoasi/NNP ././. 156 | 157 | # Gloss39: 158 | # I then spoke. Sister is angry. 159 | ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xaOpI/angry/JJ -so/completive ././. xahaig/sibling/NN OtI/angry/JJ -sai/old_info -haxA/COMPL_CERT ././. 160 | 161 | # Gloss40: 162 | # She spoke. Well is Hoagaixoxai really sleepy? 163 | hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xaI/then/RB hoagaIxOxaI/HoagaIxOxaI/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate -baA/INTENS -xaO/completive -xoi/yes_no -hI/INTER ?/?/? 164 | 165 | # Gloss41: 166 | # He doesn't go get his son. 167 | hoagI/son/NN hi/3/PRP xo/hand/NN Agi/grab/VB -ti/pull -g/com -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -hiaba/NEG -haI/REL_CERT ././. 168 | 169 | # Gloss42: 170 | # He sings/chants/whines (repetitive sounds). 171 | xI/3fem/PRP sa/cry/VB -ha/COMPL_CERT -xaI/do ././. 172 | 173 | # Gloss43: 174 | # I went to pick her up. 175 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB xoa/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up -a/vertical -i/proximate xai/do/VB ././. 176 | 177 | # Gloss44: 178 | # I really spoke. TixohOi is on the ground crying. 179 | ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -aI/INTENS ././. tixohOI/TixohOI/NNP big/ground/NN aI/sound/NN is/cry/VB -Aaga/be -haI/REL_CERT ././. 180 | 181 | # Gloss45: 182 | # (Continuing our main discussion), are the ants biting him? 183 | xIbohoi/ant/NN hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN ap/pierce/VB -o/direct -p/up -I/proximate -sai/old_info -xI/INTER ?/?/? 184 | 185 | # Gloss46: 186 | # His hips are over there. Over there. 187 | hi/3/PRP go/focus/RP -O/direction -xio/location tiaos/hip/NN ai/be/VB ././. i/3/PRP go/focus/RP -O/direction -xio/location ././. 188 | 189 | # Gloss47: 190 | # Yes, and over there on the ground is his head, over by the head of the bead. 191 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB gAi/here/RB hi/3/PRP ig/com/IN Ai/sound/NN big/ground/NN -O/direction apaO/head/NN -sai/old_info i/3/PRP bas/bed/NN -Apa/head -O/direction -xio/location ././. 192 | 193 | # Gloss48: 194 | # He is throwing up a lot of dirt for sure. 195 | hi/3/PRP gI/2/PRP big/dirt/NN -o/direction -p/up -i/proximate -hI/COMPL_CERT -xigI/real ././. 196 | 197 | # Gloss49: 198 | # Well I called Hoagaixoxai. He (then) almost shook his wife. 199 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagaixoOxai/HoagaixoOxai/NNP hi/3/PRP -gI/real ti/1/PRP ao/ear/NN b/hit/VB -ab/DUR -aO/completive kAgi/expected_associate/NN hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -s/NEG ib/hit/VB -Ao/completive -p/up -Abai/frustrated_initiation -ha/COMPL_CERT -xAi/DECLARATIVE ././. 200 | 201 | # Gloss50: 202 | # Might he not hit wife not hit his hand. 203 | kagihi/expected_associate/NN -gI/real ao/hand/NN Ib/hit/VB -I/proximate -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 204 | 205 | # Gloss51: 206 | # He is angry at you for me. 207 | tIi/1/PRP hi/3/PRP gIxa/2/PRP otI/angry/JJ -saa/old_info -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 208 | 209 | # Gloss52: 210 | # I alone will go get him! 211 | xabaxaI/alone/RB hi/3/PRP xo/go/VB -aO/completive -p/up -aI/DECLARATIVE ././. 212 | 213 | # Gloss53: 214 | # Well I got Kato. 215 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB katO/KatO/NNP hi/3/PRP xO/go -p/up -I/COMPL_CERT ././. 216 | 217 | # Gloss54: 218 | # He is in the dirt crying. 219 | hi/3/PRP big/ground/NN aI/be/VB ././. xis/cry/VB -Aaga/be -haI/REL_CERT ././. 220 | 221 | # Gloss55: 222 | # As has been said, the ants could be biting his flesh. 223 | xi/3fem/PRP higIhi/flesh/NN aab/bite/VB -O/go -p/up -I/proximate -sai/old_info -xo/doubt -Ai/be ././. 224 | 225 | # Gloss56: 226 | # Well I went to him. I spoke. ToIao why are you getting up? (lit: what is associated with your rising?) 227 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP xo/jungle/NN -aO/direction -p/up -ao/completive ././. g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/DECLARATIVE ././. toIao/ToIao/NNP hi/3/PRP go/focus/RP -g/com -i/proximate -aI/do sito/rise/VB -aO/completive -p/up -i/proximate -hI/INTER ?/?/? 228 | 229 | # Gloss57: 230 | # ToIao, did he burn himself just now? (lit: might he have fallen down directly (onto the fire)) 231 | toIao/ToIao/NNP hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -b/down -A/vertical -hoIsOi/doubt -xAi/do -hI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 232 | 233 | # Gloss58: 234 | # Well then Opisi woke up. 235 | xaI/thus/RB xopIsi/XopIsi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ko/eye/NN k/it/PRP ah/go/VB -A/vertical -p/up -i/COMPL_CERT ././. 236 | 237 | # Gloss59: 238 | # Then he was talking. I was angry. I spoke. I was angry. I was quite angry. I'll go get him! 239 | xaI/well/RB hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xaopI/angry/JJ -so/completive ti/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xaopI/angry/JJ -so/completive ././. xaopI/angry/JJ -ha/COMPL_CERT xAi/do/VB xo/go/VB -aab/grab -a/vertical -b/down -aO/completive ././. 240 | 241 | # Gloss60: 242 | # Xoii was thus really mad at his brothers wife it seems. 243 | xoii/Xoii/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP Ahaig/sibling/NN -O/direction kagi/expected_associate/NN otI/angry/JJ -haI/REL_CERT ././. 244 | 245 | # Gloss61: 246 | # Xoii thus spoke (as we have been discussing), so it was heard. "(I) will eat you right now ('eat'=have sex.) (I) will hit inside you in the daylight." (implying that she is too sleepy to know better. 247 | xoii/Xoii/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/HEARSAY -aI/DECLARATIVE ././. xI/3fem/PRP oho/eat/VB -ab/DUR -a/vertical -haI/REL_CERT pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH xIo/inside_body/RB -si/name ib/hit/VB -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT his/sun/NN Ai/be/VB ././. 248 | 249 | # Gloss62: 250 | # Xoii thus spoke. He thus spoke. I will eat you right now. I will hit inside you. With my pointy thing I will hit for a while. In the sun even. 251 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB xoii/Xoii/NNP ././. hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. i/3/PRP oho/eat/VB -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT pixai/now/RB -xIga/EMPH goi/2emph/PRP xIosi/inside/RB ib/hit/VB -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ././. ig/com/IN -I/proximate -a/vertical ito/point/NN -ii/thing ib/hit/VB -i/proximate -ab/DUR -aI/do -haI/REL_CERT Is/sun/NN aI/be/VB -ha/COMPL_CERT -xa/EMPH -xaI/be ././. 252 | 253 | # Gloss63: 254 | # I picked up the child. I spoke. Why are you so lazy/sleep so much (lit: why do your eyes flutter?) 255 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB tihoa/child/NN xoA/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up -i/proximate -so/completive g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ha/COMPL_CERT -xa/EMPH i/3/PRP i/3/PRP o/eye/NN -pa/REFLEX -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate -hi/INTER -xOixi/reason ?/?/? 256 | 257 | # Gloss64: 258 | # (Your) father (lit: 'thick one') hunts quickly. If there are animals. 259 | xIbigaI/thick/JJ -si/name is/animal/NN ai/do/VB -hI/COMPL_CERT -xoI/quick? -koI/EMPH ././. is/animal/NN Aag/be/VB -i/proximate -so/CONDITIONAL ././. 260 | 261 | # Gloss65: 262 | # He is sleeping/It seems. He (nevertheless) almost shoots an animal. From inside the canoe (as is known). 263 | hi/3/PRP t/sleep/VB -ab/DUR -i/proximate -si/state ././. xigiAbi/seems/VB -so/CONDITIONAL hi/3/PRP -o/inside s/animal/NN ib/hit/VB -Ao/completive -b/down -AbagaI/frustrated_initiation xagao/canoe/NN aag/be/VB -i/proximate -sai/old_info ././. 264 | 265 | # Gloss66: 266 | # He is ignorant. He is not. (He is ignorant - not.) 267 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -s/NEG ai/be/VB -si/name ././. xaab/NEG/DT A/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 268 | 269 | # Gloss67: 270 | # Xoii thus, Xoii thus was very angry with his wife. 271 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB xoii/Xoii/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB kagI/expected_associate/NN otI/angry/JJ -sai/old_info -ha/COMPL_CERT -xa/EMPH xaI/be/VB ././. 272 | 273 | # Gloss68: 274 | # (He) yelled. Don't (let) your son flop on the ground. 275 | xaotI/yell/VB ././. big/ground/NN -O/LOC hoaga/son/NN It/remove/VB -a/vertical -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 276 | 277 | # Gloss69: 278 | # I spoke loudly/clearly. Did he fall down (into the fire) right now? 279 | ti/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -s/transition -o/direct -p/up -aI/DECLARATIVE hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -b/down -a/vertical -hoi/doubt -hI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 280 | 281 | # Gloss70: 282 | # He fell so long ago. (So I ask) are his clothes really messed up? 283 | hi/3/PRP so/time/NN xOgi/big/JJ -O/direction bo/move/VB -g/com -A/vertical -ha/COMPL_CERT -taIo/grounds ././. so/time/NN xOgi/big/JJ -O/direction hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB i/3/PRP AbahIooi/ugly_improper_appearance/NN a/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT -xai/be baOsa/cloth/NN -Oxiai/around -hi/INTER ?/?/? 284 | 285 | # Gloss71: 286 | # I thus spoke to him on the ground. I picked him up. XitaIoi thus said Kato you are very sleepy (lit: your eyes flutter). 287 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB big/ground/NN -O/LOC i/3/PRP a/sound/NN hoa/use/VB -o/direct -p/up -Abag/frustrated_completion -aO/completive hi/3/PRP xoA/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up ai/do/VB -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. xitaIoi/XitaIoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ha/COMPL_CERT katO/Kato/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate ai/do/VB ././. 288 | 289 | # Gloss72: 290 | # You are ignorant. You don't get up. 291 | xi/thus/RB gIa/2/PRP oa/eye/NN -s/NEG aga/be/VB -I/proximate ././. xit/get_up/VB -ab/NEG -i/proximate -koI/EMPH ././. 292 | 293 | # Gloss73: 294 | # Hoagaixoxai's wife nearly pierced his hand. To his wife (he said) don't arrow me. He tied her. Thus his wife did not arrow him. 295 | hoagaixoOxai/HoagaixoOxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB I/3/PRP kagi/expected_assoicate/NN hi/3/PRP o/hand/NN siib/arrow/NN -A/vertical -o/direct -p/up -Abai/frustrated_completion -xi/DECLARATIVE ././. xI/3fem/PRP kagihi/expected_associate/NN gIxa/2/PRP -o/direction Ib/hit/VB -I/proximate -sahaAi/PROHIBITIVE taIgA/tie_up/VB -hoI/go -ta/repetitive -hA/COMPL_CERT a/thus/RB kagi/expected_assoiciate/NN hi/3/PRP o/hand/NN siib/arrow/NN -i/proximate -hiab/NEG -aO/completive ././. 296 | 297 | # Gloss74: 298 | # Well then I picked him up. 299 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB hI/3/PRP xoA/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up ai/do/VB -xai/EMPH ././. 300 | 301 | # Gloss75: 302 | # I thus spoke. Has XopIsi just fallen into the fire? 303 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ././. xopIsi/XopIsi/NNP o/direct/VB -b/down -a/vertical -hoi/doubt -hI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 304 | 305 | # Gloss76: 306 | # Did he fall into the fire now? 307 | hoa/fire/NN -O/direction bOi/straight_move_down/VB -hI/INTER pixAi/now -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 308 | 309 | # Gloss77: 310 | # I picked him up there. I picked him up. Then I put him down there. 311 | gA/there/RB o/direct/VB -p/up -aO/completive ././. hi/3/PRP xoA/hand/NN -o/direct -p/up aI/do/VB ././. hi/3/PRP gA/there/RB -b/down -ab/DUR ai/do/VB -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. 312 | 313 | # Gloss78: 314 | # He stopped crying. I went to sleep again. 315 | hi/3/PRP s/cry/VB -Ab/NEG -aO/completive ././. xaitA/sleep/VB -iIg/continuative -A/remote -a/go -hoI/inchoative -ta/repetitive -haI/REL_CERT ././. 316 | 317 | # Gloss79: 318 | # Milked, he stopped crying. (i.e. when he got milk he stopped crying.) 319 | bog/milk/NN -aO/completive hoisI/cry/VB -hiab/NEG -aO/completive ././. 320 | 321 | # Gloss80: 322 | # You stop crying. I'm picking you up now (as we have seen in this discourse). 323 | sa/cry/VB -ab/NEG -A/uncertain -xai/do -xAi/DECLARATIVE ././. tIi/1/PRP gIxai/2/PRP xoA/hand/NN -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -sai/old_info ././. 324 | 325 | # Gloss81: 326 | # Xopisi thus pulled his daughter up angry. He (then) went to sleep again. 327 | xopIsi/XopIsi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ka/daughter/NN Ot/angry/JJ Agi/be/VB tig/pull/VB -a/vertical -o/direct -p/up -aO/completive ././. xaitA/sleep/VB -o/direct -b/down -I/proximate -ta/repetitive -hA/COMPL_CERT -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. 328 | 329 | # Gloss82: 330 | # Hoagaixoxai woke up. I spoke up. Hoagaixoxai did (he) fall (in the fire)? 331 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagaIxoxaI/HoagaIxoxaI/NNP ip/stand/VB -o/direct -p/up -aO/completive ././. tIi/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -a/vertical -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -so/completive ././. hoagaIxoxaI/Hoagaixoxoai/NNP hoaI/fire/NN bOi/straight_move_down/VB -hI/INTER ?/?/? 332 | 333 | # Gloss83: 334 | # Will you stop being so sleepy? 335 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate aag/be/VB -ab/NEG -i/transition -hI/INTER ?/?/? 336 | 337 | # Gloss84: 338 | # Do not be so sleepy! 339 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate aag/be/VB -ab/DUR -i/transition -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 340 | 341 | # Gloss85: 342 | # Did (he) fall in the fire? You might (have) been ignorant of it. 343 | hoaI/fire/NN bOi/straight_move_down/VB -hI/INTER ?/?/? hi/3/PRP O/eye/NN -s/NEG aa/be/VB -hiab/NEG -a/remote -hAxai/might_be ././. 344 | 345 | # Gloss86: 346 | # You were completely ignorant. (You) were on the ground by the ashes weren't you? 347 | xi/3fem/PRP O/eye/NN -s/NEG aa/be/VB -hiab/NEG -aO/completive ././. big/ground/NN -O/directional ahoAtI/ashes/NN ohoa/side/NN -hAxai/might_be ?/?/? 348 | 349 | # Gloss87: 350 | # I strong one (will) get him. 351 | tIi/1/PRP xibigaI/thick_one/NN -si/name hi/3/PRP -gI/real oA/hand/NN -O/direct -p/up ai/do/VB -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. 352 | 353 | # Gloss88: 354 | # I thus spoke strongly. Is TixohOi eating dirt right now? 355 | tIi/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/DECLARATIVE -aI/INTENS ././. tixohOI/TixohOI/NNP big/ground/NN -O/directional hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -p/up -i/proximate -hI/INTER pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ?/?/? 356 | 357 | # Gloss89: 358 | # Did he get burned? (lit: did he fall into (the fire)) 359 | hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -b/down -a/vertical -hoi/doubt -hI/INTER ?/?/? 360 | 361 | # Gloss90: 362 | # It almost fell down (as we have been saying) into (the fire)? Did the cloth fall into (the fire)? 363 | hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -b/down -a/vertical -hoi/doubt -sai/old_info -xAag/be -abagaI/frustrated_initiation baOsa/cloth/NN O/direct/VB -xiai/potential -hI/INTER ?/?/? 364 | 365 | # Gloss91: 366 | # Thus I moved towards him. By the side (of the fire) I turned around to go again. 367 | xaI/thus/RB hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ti/1/PRP xo/jungle/NN -o/directional -gIa/com -xi/COMPL_CERT ././. OhoA/side/NN o/direct/VB -b/down -Aa/be bO/turn/VB -p/up -a/completive O/go/VB -p/up -i/proximate -ta/iterative -p/up -aI/DECLARATIVE ././. 368 | 369 | # Gloss92: 370 | # I thus spoke. I almost called (sent my voice up and down the river bank) ToIao. 371 | tIi/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN ././. toIao/ToIao/NNP tIi/1/PRP Osi/voice/NN -b/down -A/vertical -o/direct -p/up -iig/continuative -AbagaI/frustrated_initiation ././. 372 | 373 | # Gloss93: 374 | # Thus I spoke right there. He almost sat in the fire. He's crying. 375 | xaI/thus/RB tIi/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info gai/here/RB gOi/right_there/RB ././. hi/3/PRP o/direct/VB -b/down -A/vertical -ab/DUR -Abai/frustrated_completion hoaI/fire/NN ././. hi/3/PRP sA/cry/VB -i/proximate -xI/COMPL_CERT ././. 376 | 377 | # Gloss94: 378 | # Hoagaixoxoai is unaware. He's not there. 379 | hoagaixoOxai/HoagaixoOxai/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN -s/NEG aa/be/VB ././. hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB a/be/VB -haI/REL_CERT -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. 380 | 381 | # Gloss95: 382 | # Well XopIsi finished pulling his child (Kato) up angrily. Then he went down to sleep again. 383 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB xopIsi/XopIsi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ka/daughter/NN Ot/angry/JJ a/be/VB -O/direct -p/up -iig/continuative -aO/completive ././. xaitA/sleep/VB -iIg/continuative -A/vertical -o/direct -b/down -I/proximate -ta/repetitive -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 384 | 385 | # Gloss96: 386 | # He (XopIsi) spoke. I was not ignorant of it. I intended to sleep. 387 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -aI/DECLARATIVE ././. k/it/PRP o/eye/NN -s/NEG a/be/VB -i/proximate -hiab/NEG -aO/completive ././. xaitA/sleep/VB -b/down -iI/intention -hai/REL_CERT -xai/DECLARATIVE ././. 388 | 389 | # Gloss97: 390 | # He thus is sleepy. 391 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ko/eye/NN -b/down -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate aagA/be/VB ././. 392 | 393 | # Gloss98: 394 | # Hoagaixoxai he thus spoke. (My) wife was finished being angry. My wife's angry thus (I) put (the child) up again. 395 | hoagaixoxai/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB kagihi/expected_associate/NN ot/angry/JJ -Ab/DUR aag/be/VB -aO/completive ././. kagihi/expected_associate/NN Oti/angry/JJ aigIa/thus/RB ihIhI/put/VB -a/vertical -p/up -i/proximate -ta/iterative -p/up -aI/DECLARATIVE ././. 396 | 397 | # Gloss99: 398 | # I thus spoke. I will put (it) with its mother (that we are talking about). 399 | tIi/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. xihi/put/VB -ab/DUR -Io/?? hi/3/PRP ogI/big/JJ -O/direction -xio/?? -sai/old_info ././. 400 | 401 | # Gloss100: 402 | # (I) will put him up there (on the platform) again. 403 | hi/3/PRP a/vertical/VB -p/up -i/proximate -ta/repetitive -p/up -aI/do ././. 404 | 405 | # Gloss101: 406 | # He does not cry up there. 407 | hi/3/PRP sA/cry/VB -ab/NEG -AO/there -xai/do ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.mp3: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.mp3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/02 XigAbaI almost bitten by snake.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/02_XigAbaI_almostbittenbysnake.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: Xig+iba+i almost bitten by snake.pdf (XigAbaI almost bitten by snake; Told by XahoApati to Dan Everett ca.2000) 2 | 3 | # 1: 4 | # So I spoke at first. 5 | xai/thus/RB ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN a/sound/NN -I/proximate apaI/first/NN ././. 6 | 7 | # XigAbaI was bringing your bed back up. 8 | xigAbaI/XigAbaI/NNP gI/2/PRP basI/bed/NN ig/com/IN a/do/VB -b/down -o/direct -p/up -a/vertical -p/up -I/proximate ././. 9 | 10 | # He arrowed the snake a couple of times. 11 | xIs/animal/NN ib/hit/VB -A/vertical -i/proximate -ta/repetitive -a/vertical -b/down -o/direct -i/transition -haI/REL_CERT tigaiti/snake/NN ././. 12 | 13 | # 2: 14 | # The snake bit (at him). 15 | xIs/animal/NN a/bite/VB -xAa/incompletive -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 16 | 17 | # 3: 18 | # Thus ToItoI with (him) it bit at (also). 19 | xaI/thus/RB toItoI/ToItoI/NNP hi/3/PRP xigI/com/IN a/bite/VB -xAa/incompletive -i/proximate -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 20 | 21 | # Thus it was a real snake, a bushmaster, they saw. 22 | hi/3/PRP agIai/thus/RB tigaiti/snake/NN -gIi/real xibigaA/direct_observation_be/VB ././. 23 | 24 | # 4: 25 | # It is a bushmaster. Shoot it! 26 | tigaiti/snake/NN -gIi/real xaI/thus/RB ././. xis/animal/NN ib/hit/VB -A/vertical -i/proximate -ta/repetitive -b/down -og/want -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 27 | 28 | # 5: 29 | # Thus the bulk of the people wanted to search carefully down on the ground. Thus (for that) snake. 30 | hi/3/PRP agIa/thus/RB xogi/big/JJ Aaga/be/VB -O/directional xis/animal/NN aihi/that_one/WP? og/want/VB -a/find -A/INTENS -a/vertical -b/down -O/direct -p/up -a/remote -p/up -A/COMPL_CERT ././. xaI/thus/RB tigaiti/snake/NN ././. 31 | 32 | # 6: 33 | # (When I was) with the animal, (it) struck up (at me). 34 | ti/1/PRP agIa/thus/RB xis/animal/NN igI/com/IN -o/directional k/it/PRP -A/INTENS ab/bite/VB -O/direct -p/up -A/vertical -p/up -A/vertical -xaI/do ././. 35 | 36 | # 7: 37 | # I spoke (as I have been doing). It almost bit him, almost wanted to. 38 | ti/1/PRP ig/com/IN AI/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. xi/animal/NN ab/bite/VB -Ao/completive -p/up -I/proximate -saxAa/frustrated_event -g/want -abaga/frustrated_initiation -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 39 | 40 | # 8: 41 | # Thus, it (the bushmaster) didn't bite the human being (upwards and viciously). 42 | xiabAIsi/human_being/NN k/it/PRP -A/INTENS ab/bite/VB -o/direct -O/directional -p/up -a/vertical -i/proximate -hiab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -sO/completive -ai/do ././. xaIhA/thus/RB ././. 43 | 44 | # 9: 45 | # He was there (almost) bitten? (It was there that he was almost bitten) 46 | xi/animal/NN go/focus/RP -O/locative -i/proximate xa/bite/VB -O/direction -o/direct -p/up -A/INTENS -a/vertical -ha/COMPL_CERT -xaI/do ././. 47 | 48 | # 10: 49 | # He was there (almost) bitten. 50 | xi/animal/NN go/focus/RP -O/locative -i/proximate xa/bite/VB -O/direction -o/direct -p/up -A/INTENS ././. 51 | 52 | # It was there in the jungle. 53 | xoI/jungle/NN hi/3/PRP aI/be/VB -si/old_info -xIga/EMPH ././. 54 | 55 | # (The snake) almost bit XigAbaI, as we have been saying. 56 | xigAbaI/XigAbaI/NNP hi/3/PRP aa/bite/VB -b/down -Ao/completive -b/perfective -Ii/intentive -sa/old_info -xA/INTENS -abaI/frustrated_completion ././. 57 | 58 | # 11: 59 | # (The snake) barely didn't bite XigAbaI. Quase Medo. (Port) Almost afraid. 60 | xigAbaI/XigAbaI/NNP hi/3/PRP Aa/bite/VB -b/down -o/direct -O/locative -p/up -Ai/do -hiab/NEG -sOi/doubt -xAihi/DECL ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/03 Sept29AMFX3.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/03 Sept29AMFX3.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/03_Sept23AMFX3.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: Sept23AMFX3.pdf (Sept. 29 A MFX3 (younger guy); Comments on Piraha video; 0001C6.MP4) 2 | 3 | #00:00:17 Tíi baábiha saagoái 'Am I getting ill?' {joking comment made by Kaioá to himself as he waits} 4 | 5 | # Am I getting ill? 6 | tIi/1/PRP baAbi/sick/JJ -ha/?? saa/??/?? -go/INTER -Ai/be ?/?/? 7 | 8 | #00:00:25 9 | #Dan to Kaioá: Báíhiigí'(taping) goes slowly' 10 | 11 | # (taping) goes slowly 12 | bAIhiigI/slowly/RB ././. 13 | 14 | #Kaioá to Dan: Xai báíhiigí. Xaió. 'Yeah. Slowly. That's right.' 15 | 16 | # Yeah. Slowly. That's right. 17 | xai/thus/RB bAIhiigI/slowly/RB ././. xaiO/therefore/RB ././. 18 | 19 | #00:00:30 20 | #Kaioá to himself: Xitaíbígaisi kapiigakagakaá 'Sarah {documentary producer} writes a lot' 21 | 22 | # Sarah {documentary producer} writes a lot 23 | xitaIbIgaisi/Sarah/NNP kapiiga/paper/NN kagak/mark/VB -aA/?? ././. 24 | 25 | #00:00:43 26 | #Dan to Kaioá 27 | #Xai xigíaoaxáixi gíxai xahoaáti topagahai. Xai xaoói xaaíbái xoíkapióxiai 28 | #kobaisogabagaí hiaitíihí xigíaoaxái? 29 | #Yeah, is it OK for you to speak to the recorder? There are many foreigners in other 30 | #jungles who want to see the Pirahãs. Is that OK? 31 | 32 | # Yeah, is it OK for you to speak to the recorder? 33 | xai/thus/RB xigIa/okay/UH -oaxAi/INTER -xi/EMPH gIxai/2/PRP xa/sound/NN hoa/use/VB -Ati/IMPERATIVE topagahai/tape_recorder/NN ?/?/? 34 | 35 | # There are many foreigners in other jungles who want to see the Pirahãs. Is that OK? 36 | xai/thus/RB xaoOi/foreigners/NN xaaIbAi/many/JJ xoI/jungle/NN kapiOxiai/another/DT ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -sog/want -abagaI/frustrated_initiation hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN xigIa/okay/UH -oaxAi/INTER ?/?/? 37 | 38 | #Kaioá to Dan: Xigíai 'OK' 39 | 40 | # OK 41 | xigIai/okay/UH ././. 42 | 43 | #00:01:01 44 | #Kaioá to Dan: Xai xigíai kapiiga hiahoái. 'OK I will talk to the paper/image' 45 | 46 | # OK I will talk to the paper/image 47 | xai/thus/RB xigIai/okay/UH kapiiga/paper/NN hi/3/PRP a/sound/NN hoAi/use/VB ././. 48 | 49 | #00:01:04 50 | #Xoogiái hi go gáisai. Xaoói xaaíbai xaí hiaitíi. Xaíbaisi? 'Dan, what did you say? There 51 | #are foreigners (who want to see) the Pirahãs? Many?' 52 | 53 | # Dan, what did you say? There are foreigners (who want to see) the Pirahãs? Many? 54 | xoogiAi/Dan/PRP hi/3/PRP go/focus/RP g/com/IN Ai/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. xaoOi/foreigners/NN xaaIbai/many/JJ xaI/thus/RB hiaitIi/Piraha/NN ././. xaIbai/many/JJ -si/??INTER ?/?/? 55 | 56 | #00:01:07 57 | #Dan to Kaioá 58 | #Xaoói xaoxaagá xoí kapióxio. Hi gáísai. Kobaisoogabagaí hiaitíihí. Xai saaíbasi 59 | #kobaisai. 60 | #'There are foreigners in another jungle. They say we want to see the Pirahãs. Thus into 61 | #the camera they look.' 62 | 63 | # There are foreigners in another jungle. 64 | xaoOi/foreigners/NN xao/foreigner/NN xaagA/be/VB xoI/jungle/NN kapiOxio/another/DT ././. 65 | 66 | # They say we want to see the Pirahãs. 67 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN AI/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -soog/want -abagaI/frustrated_initiation hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ././. 68 | 69 | # Thus into the camera they look. 70 | xai/thus/RB saaIbasi/camera/NN ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -sai/?? ././. 71 | 72 | #Xai gixai xaahoaiso. Xigihai xoi kapioxiai. Xigioawaxai? Thus when you finish 73 | #speaking, I will take it to another jungle (for them to see). OK?' 74 | 75 | # Thus when you finish speaking, I will take it to another jungle (for them to see). OK? 76 | xai/thus/RB gixai/2/PRP xaa/sound/NN hoai/use/VB -so/completive ././. xigi/com/IN hai/??/?? xoi/jungle/NN kapioxiai/another/DT ././. xigi/okay/UH -oawaxai/INTER ?/?/? 77 | 78 | #00:01:20 79 | #Kaioá to Dan: Xigíai 'OK' 80 | 81 | # OK 82 | xigIai/okay/UH ././. 83 | 84 | #00:01:23 85 | #Kaioá to Dan: Xai xigíai xáaga. Xaí. Ti gáísai. Xigíaixáaga. Xaoóii xoái? 'Well, OK 86 | #then. I speak. OK then. Foreigners in the (other) jungle?' 87 | 88 | # Well, OK then. I speak. OK then. Foreigners in the (other) jungle? 89 | xai/thus/RB xigIai/okay/UH xAaga/be/VB ././. xaI/thus/RB ././. ti/1/PRP g/com/IN AI/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. xigIai/okay/UH xAaga/be/VB ././. xaoOii/foreigners/NN xo/jungle/NN Ai/be/VB ././. 90 | 91 | #00:01:43 92 | #Kaioá to Dan 93 | #Tíi hi aíbásigíi kobaisoogabagaí. Hi hóihi. Hi hóihiái gáihi. {he holds up two fingers 94 | #though he shouldn't if (i) he knows how to count in Piraha and (ii) the word hói(hi) 95 | #means 'one'.} 96 | #'I a whole lot want to see. There is a small (amount here). There is a small amount here. 97 | #{Again, notice that even though he holds up two fingers, he clearly doesn't mean two, 98 | #since he is referring to the entire population of the Pirahã (!). He is here talking about his 99 | #desire to see a lot of people together, which is something the Pirahãs never see in the 100 | #village.} 101 | 102 | # I a whole lot want to see. 103 | tIi/1/PRP hiaIbA/many?/DT -si/?? -gIi/real ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -soog/want -abagaI/frustrated_initiation ././. 104 | 105 | # There is a small (amount here). There is a small amount here. 106 | hi/3/PRP hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ././. hi/3/PRP hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? Ai/be/VB gAi/here/RB -hi/?? ././. 107 | 108 | #00:01:53 109 | #Paóxai hi obaisogabagaí. Hiaíbásigíi. Xai hiaíbásigíi hi kobasoogabagaí. Hiaíbásigíi. 110 | #Hi obaisoogabaí. Gíi. Xooopai hi obasoogabaí. Hi aíbásigíi. 111 | 112 | # Paóxai wants to see. 113 | paOxai/PaOxai/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -sog/want -abagaI/frustrated_initiation ././. 114 | 115 | # A whole lot (of people). 116 | hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gIi/real ././. 117 | 118 | # Thus a whole lot he wants to see. 119 | xai/thus/RB hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gIi/real hi/3/PRP ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -a/?? -soog/want -abagaI/frustrated_initiation ././. 120 | 121 | # A really whole lot. 122 | hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gIi/real ././. 123 | 124 | # He wants to see. 125 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -soog/want -abaI/frustrated_completion ././. 126 | 127 | # Here. 128 | gIi/here/RB ././. 129 | 130 | # Xooopai he wants to see. 131 | xooopai/Xooopai/NNP hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/ -a/?? -soog/want -abaI/frustrated_completion ././. 132 | 133 | # A whole lot (of foreigners). 134 | hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gIi/real ././. 135 | 136 | #00:02:09 137 | #Xai piiaikóoi. Boitóhoi xi igópíhiabikoí. Xai boitóhoi kahápihiabaá. Xao hi 138 | #obasoogabaí Hi aíbásigíii. Hi aíbásigíii. 139 | #Yes. The water is shallow. The boat cannot go up there. Thus the boat will not go. The 140 | #foreigners want to see a lot. A lot. 141 | 142 | # Yes. The water is shallow. 143 | xai/thus/RB pii/water/NN ai/shallow/JJ -kOoi/EMPH ././. 144 | 145 | # The boat cannot go up there. 146 | boitOhoi/boat/NN xi/3fem/PRP ig/com/IN -O/LOC -p/up -I/proximate -hiabi/NEG -koI/EMPH ././. 147 | 148 | # Thus the boat will not go. 149 | xai/thus/RB boitOhoi/boat/NN k/it/PRP ah/go/VB -A/vertical -p/up -i/proximate -hiaba/NEG -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 150 | 151 | # The foreigners want to see a lot. 152 | xao/foreigner/NN hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -a/?? -soog/want -abaI/frustrated_completion hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gI/real -ii/??INTENT ././. 153 | 154 | # A lot. 155 | hiaIbA/many/JJ -si/?? -gI/real -ii/??INTENT ././. 156 | 157 | #Hi hóihiai gái. Xai hi hóihiai gái. Pasabíi {Passar Bem - the name in Portuguese of a 158 | #beach just down river.} 159 | #There are only a few here. {literally, there is one here, if hói meant one as I had originally 160 | #thought.} 161 | 162 | # There are only a few here. 163 | hi/3/PRP hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ai/be/VB gAi/here/RB ././. 164 | 165 | # There are only a few here. 166 | xai/thus/RB hi/3/PRP hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ai/be/VB gAi/here/RB ././. 167 | 168 | # Passar Bem. 169 | pasabIi/PassarBem/NNP ././. 170 | 171 | #Xaoói hi xao kasabíi pasabíi, gái. 172 | 173 | # Foreigners he calls this place Passar Bem. 174 | xaoOi/foreigners/NN hi/3/PRP xaokasabIi/??call_it/VB pasabIi/PassarBem/NNP ,/,/, gAi/here/RB ././. 175 | 176 | #Xaí Hoagahíai hiatíi hi xaaíbáai. Xaí xaaíbáai. 177 | 178 | # Thus at Hoagahíai (Passar Bem) there are many Pirahãs. Thus a lot. 179 | xaI/thus/RB hoagahIai/PassarBem/NNP hiatIi/Piraha/NN hi/3/PRP xaaIbA/many/JJ ai/be/VB ././. xaI/thus/RB xaaIbA/many/JJ ai/be/VB ././. 180 | 181 | #Hoagahíai xíga xai. Xaí Hoagahíai xíga xaaíbáai. Hoagahíai xai gíxai soxóá. 182 | 183 | # At Hoagahíai. Thus at Hoagahíai there are many. You already know Hoagahíai. 184 | hoagahIai/HoagahIai/NNP xIga/??at/IN xai/??it/PRP ././. xaI/thus/RB hoagahIai/HoagahIai/NNP xIga/??at/IN xaaIbA/many/JJ ai/be/VB ././. hoagahIai/HoagahIai/NNP xai/thus/RB gIxai/2/PRP soxOA/already/RB ././. 185 | 186 | #Xaí tí xabaxáí hi ahoaí topaaga. Xaí gái. Tíi. 187 | 188 | # Thus I alone speak to the recorder. Thus here. Me. 189 | xaI/thus/RB tI/1/PRP xabaxAI/alone/RB hi/3/PRP a/sound/NN hoaI/use/VB topaaga/recorder/NN . /./. xaI/thus/RB gAi/here/RB ././. tIi/1/PRP ././. 190 | 191 | #Kabahá. xaaíbahiabahá gái. So tíi xabaáti. Xioitabíi gái. 192 | #'There is nothing. Not many here. I stay. Xioitabíi (his wife) here.' 193 | 194 | # There is nothing. 195 | kaba/NEG/RB -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 196 | 197 | # Not many here. 198 | xaaIba/many/JJ -hiaba/NEG -hA/COMPL_CERT gAi/here/RB ././. 199 | 200 | # I stay. 201 | so/??when/??WRB tIi/1/PRP xabaA/be/VB -ti/?? ././. 202 | 203 | # Xioitabíi (his wife) here. 204 | xioitabIi/XioitabIi/NNP gAi/here/RB ././. 205 | 206 | #Bahaio píaii. Xaí hoaówíi. Tiiowi píaii. Xaí Tiiowi saiu ai morar, goó. Xabaxáigio. 207 | #Kaahai kabahá xaaíbasi. Hói. {one - but here he holds up TWO fingers} Hóihi. 208 | #'Bahaio (his child) also. Thus Hoaowii (shotgun; name of another of his children). Thus 209 | #Shit (the name of another of his children) went to live there (goo is also used as a 210 | #question word.) Alone. At Kaahai there is not a lot. One. Just one.' (Or a few. But a 211 | #few.){Since the place Kaahai is populated by at least a dozen people, 'one' here can only 212 | #be 'relatively few'). 213 | 214 | # Bahaio (his child) also. 215 | bahaio/Bahaio/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. 216 | 217 | # Thus Hoaowii (shotgun; name of another of his children). 218 | xaI/thus/RB hoaOwIi/Hoaowii/NNP ././. 219 | 220 | # Tiiowi also. 221 | tiiowi/Tiiowi/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. 222 | 223 | # Thus Shit (the name of another of his children) went to live there (goo is also used as a question word.) 224 | xaI/thus/RB tiiowi/Tiiowi/NNP saiu_ai_morar/went_to_live_there/FW ,/,/, goO/there/RB ././. 225 | 226 | # Alone. 227 | xabaxAigio/alone/RB ././. 228 | 229 | # At Kaahai there is not a lot. One. Just one. 230 | kaahai/Kaahai/NNP kaba/NEG/RB -hA/COMPL_CERT xaaIba/many/JJ -si/?? ././. hOi/one_few/CD ././. hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ././. 231 | 232 | #Xaí Palhal hóii. Píaii. Agora, gáihi. Ti píaii. Hóihi. Hóihi. Kabahá. Xaaí bahiaba. 233 | #'Thus (at the place called) Palhal there are few. Now, here. I also. Few. Few. None. Not 234 | #many.' 235 | 236 | # Thus (at the place called) Palhal there are few. 237 | xaI/thus/RB palhal/Palhal/NNP hOi/one_few/CD -i/?? ././. 238 | 239 | # Also. 240 | pIaii/also/RB ././. 241 | 242 | # Now, here. 243 | agora/now/FW ,/,/, gAihi/here/RB ././. 244 | 245 | # I also. 246 | ti/1/PRP pIaii/also/RB ././. 247 | 248 | # Few. Few. None. Not many. 249 | hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ././. hOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ././. kaba/NEG/RB -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. xaaIba/many/JJ -hiaba/NEG ././. 250 | 251 | #Agora Hoagahíai xaaíbáai hiaitíihí. Xai hiaitíihí hi aaíbáai hiaitíihí. Hoagahíai xiga. 252 | #Xai gáihi. 253 | #'Now at Hoagahíai (there are) many Pirahã. Thus Pirahã are many Pirahã. Hoagahíai 254 | #at. Thus here.' 255 | 256 | # Now at Hoagahíai (there are) many Pirahã. 257 | agora/now/FW hoagahIai/HoagahIai/NNP xaaIbA/many/JJ ai/be/VB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ././. 258 | 259 | # Thus Pirahã are many Pirahã. 260 | xai/thus/RB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN hi/3/PRP aaIbA/many/JJ ai/be/VB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ././. 261 | 262 | # Hoagahíai at. 263 | hoagahIai/HoagahIai/NNP xiga/??at/IN ././. 264 | 265 | # Thus here. 266 | xai/thus/RB gAihi/here/RB ././. 267 | 268 | #Hoihiigíai hi. Hoihiigíai hi. Xaoói xaokasabíi flechal. Xai hiaitíihí xaaíbáai píaii. 269 | #'Hoigiigiai (lit: at the place of arrows or arrow shaft material) here. Hoihiigíai here. 270 | #Foreigners call this Flechal (at the place of arrows or arrow shaft material).(Names in 271 | #Portuguese and Pirahã match up in this case!) 272 | 273 | # Hoigiigiai (lit: at the place of arrows or arrow shaft material) here. Hoihiigíai here. 274 | hoihiigIai/Hoigiigiai/NNP hi/??here/RB ././. hoihiigIai/Hoigiigiai/NNP hi/??here/RB ././. 275 | 276 | # Foreigners call this Flechal (at the place of arrows or arrow shaft material). 277 | xaoOi/foreigners/NN xaokasabIi/??call_it/VB flechal/Flechal/NNP ././. 278 | 279 | # (There are) also many Piraha (here). 280 | xai/thus/RB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN xaaIbAai/many/JJ pIaii/also/RB ././. 281 | 282 | #Hoihiigíai. Hoihiigíai píaii. Hi aaíbáai. Xaí hiaitíihí, xoí hi aokasái Hoihiigíai. Xaí, 283 | #flechal. Xaí xaoói xao hiaokasabíi. Xai hiaitíihí hiaokasabíi Hoihiigíai. Hoihiigíai (in 284 | #answer to me). 285 | #'Hoigiigiai. Hoigiigiai also. Many. Thus Pirahã, jungle ('place') calls Hoihiigíai. Thus, 286 | #Flechal. Thus foreigners foreigner (prefix) he calls it. Thus the Pirahãs call it Hoihiigíai. 287 | #Hoihiigíai.' 288 | 289 | # Hoigiigiai. Hoigiigiai also. Many. 290 | hoihiigIai/Hoigiigiai/NNP ././. hoihiigIai/Hoigiigiai/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. hi/3/PRP aaIbAai/many/JJ ././. 291 | 292 | # Thus Pirahã, jungle ('place') calls Hoihiigíai. 293 | xaI/thus/RB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ,/,/, xoI/jungle/NN hi/3/PRP aokasAi/??call_it/VB hoihiigIai/HoihiigIai/NNP ././. 294 | 295 | # Thus, Flechal. Thus foreigners foreigner (prefix) he calls it. 296 | xaI/thus/RB ,/,/, flechal/Flechal/FW ././. xaI/thus/RB xaoOi/foreigners/NN xao/foreigner/NN hi/3/PRP aokasabIi/??call_it/VB ././. 297 | 298 | # Thus the Pirahãs call it Hoihiigíai. Hoihiigíai. 299 | xai/thus/RB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN hi/3/PRP aokasabIi/??call_it/VB hoihiigIai/HoihiigIai/NNP ././. hoihiigIai/HoihiigIa/NNP ././. 300 | 301 | #Gáihi. Hoagaihíaihi hiaitíihí. Mais para ca. Hoagaihíaihí. Xaí xaaíbáai hiaitíihí, 302 | #Hoagaihíai. Hoagaihíai. 303 | #'Here. At Hoagaihiaii (there are Pirahã). More towards here. Hoagaihiaihi. There are 304 | #many Pirahãs at Hoagaihiaihi. (At) Hoagaihiaihi.' 305 | 306 | # Here. At Hoagaihiaii (there are Pirahã). 307 | gAihi/here/RB ././. hoagaihIai/Hoagaihiai/NNP hi/??at/RB hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ././. 308 | 309 | #Portuguese: mais/more/FW para/towards/FW ca/here/FW ././. 310 | 311 | # Hoagaihiaihi. There are many Pirahãs at Hoagaihiaihi. (At) Hoagaihiaihi. 312 | hoagaihIai/Hoagaihiai/NNP hI/??at/RB ././. xaI/thus/RB xaaIbAai/many/JJ hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ,/,/, hoagaihIai/Hoahaihiai/NNP ././. hoagaihIai/Hoahaihiai/NNP ././. 313 | 314 | #Xaí gíxai saabi (sabe) Hoagaihíai. 315 | #'Thus you (already) know Hoagaihiai.' 316 | 317 | # Thus you (already) know Hoagaihiai. 318 | xaI/thus/RB gIxai/2/PRP saabi/know/FW hoagaihIai/Hoagaihiai/NNP ././. 319 | 320 | #00:03:57 321 | #Kaioá continues 322 | #Xaí tí igáísai. (literally, Thus I carry (ig) sound (ai).) 323 | 324 | # Thus I say. 325 | xaI/thus/RB tI/1/PRP ig/com/IN AI/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. 326 | 327 | #Hi ahoái topaagahai agora. 328 | 329 | # I speak to the recorder now. 330 | hi/3/PRP a/sound/NN hoAi/use/VB topaaga/recorder/NN -hai/?? agora/now/FW ././. 331 | 332 | #Gái Kabagái xabaxáígio. Xai xabaxáígio Kabagai. 333 | 334 | # Here Kabagai (Pirahã woman) lives alone (not really - her husband lives with her). Thus alone Kabagai. 335 | gAi/here/RB kabagAi/Kabagai/NNP xabaxAIgio/alone/RB ././. xai/thus/RB xabaxAIgio/alone/RB kabagai/Kabagai/NNP ././. 336 | 337 | #Hiaitii kaba. Kapióxiai. 338 | #'There are no Pirahãs. No others.' (This is not literally true, since her husband is always 339 | #with her.) 340 | 341 | # There are no Pirahãs. No others. 342 | hiaitii/Piraha/NN kaba/NEG/RB ././. kapiOxiai/another/DT ././. 343 | 344 | #Xaí quase gái. gái passa bem xibagai. 345 | 346 | # Thus almost here. Here at Passar Bem, at the side of. 347 | xaI/thus/RB quase/almost/FW gAi/here/RB ././. gAi/here/RB passa/Passar/NNP bem/Bem/NNP xibagai/??at_the_side_of/IN ././. 348 | 349 | #Xaaíbáai híai kóihi. Quase xaí muito hiai. Xai xaaíbáai hi oihiai xai hí. Baagi. 350 | #'Many there are few {the k in place of h, as in the expected hóihi is discussed in my MA 351 | #thesis and grammar of the language - a common phonological process in the language}' 352 | #Almost there are a lot. Thus many at this jungle thus here. Many.' 353 | 354 | # Many there are few. Almost there are a lot. 355 | xaaIbAai/many/JJ hIai/??be/VB kOi/one_few/CD -hi/?? ././. quase/almost/FW xaI/thus/RB muito/very/FW hiai/??be/VB ././. 356 | 357 | # Thus many at this jungle thus here. Many. 358 | xai/thus/RB xaaIbAai/many/JJ hi/3/PRP oi/jungle/NN hiai/??be/VB xai/thus/RB hI/??at/IN ././. baagi/many/JJ ././. 359 | 360 | #Báagiso xaagá gái. (holds up five fingers). Báagiso. 361 | 362 | # Many are here. Many. 363 | bAagiso/many/JJ xaagA/be/VB gAi/here/RB ././. bAagiso/many/JJ ././. 364 | 365 | #00:04:19 366 | #Xaí tí píai hóiho (one - obviously not literally! He is talking about his entire family). 367 | #'Thus I also am at one.' {My family has only a few people is what this actually means.} 368 | 369 | # Thus I also am at one. 370 | xaI/thus/RB tI/1/PRP pIai/also/RB hOi/one_few/CD -ho/?? ././. 371 | 372 | #Xaí gáihi Tiapáobii píaii. Hói (one/small amount). Xaaíbahiaba. 373 | #'Thus Bernardo also here. One. Not many.' {Bernardo's family is also small. So there are 374 | #not many where he lives either. But clearly more than one!} 375 | 376 | # Thus Bernardo also here. One. Not many. 377 | xaI/thus/RB gAihi/here/RB tiapAobii/Bernardo/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. hOi/one_few/CD ././. xaaIba/many/JJ -hiaba/NEG ././. 378 | 379 | #Xaí Tiapáobii Xaaíbahiaba. gáihi. Kabai. 380 | #'Thus Bernardo (where he lives) there aren't many. Here. No one/nothing' 381 | 382 | # Thus Bernardo (where he lives) there aren't many. Here. No one/nothing. 383 | xaI/thus/RB tiapAobii/Bernardo/NNP xaaIba/many/JJ -hiaba/NEG ././. gAihi/here/RB ././. kaba/NEG/RB -i/?? ././. 384 | 385 | #Hoagaihiai. Xaaíbái Hiaitíihí. Xai hoagaihiai xaaíbái. 386 | 387 | # At Hoagaihiai. There are many Pirahã. Thus at Hoagaihiai there are many. 388 | hoagaihiai/Hoagaihiai/NNP ././. xaaIbAi/many/JJ hiaitIihI/Piraha/NN ././. xai/thus/RB hoagaihiai/Hoagaihiai/NNP xaaIbAi/many/JJ ././. 389 | 390 | #Gái hoihigiai píaii. Xaaíbáai. Hiaitíi. 391 | 392 | # Here at Flechal also. There are many. Pirahãs. 393 | gAi/here/RB hoihigiai/Hoihigiai/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. xaaIbAai/many/JJ ././. hiaitIi/Piraha/NN ././. 394 | 395 | #Coatá (Brazilian name) píaii. Xaaíbáai hiatíi. Xaaíbáai tiobáhai. Xaí xai xíga. 396 | #Xaaíbáai Coatá. 397 | 398 | # At Coatá also. There are many Pirahãs. Many children. Thus there. 399 | coatA/CoatA/NNP pIaii/also/RB ././. xaaIbAai/many/JJ hiatIi/Piraha/NN ././. xaaIbAai/many/JJ tiobAhai/children/NN ././. xaI/thus/RB xai/??it/PRP xIga/??at/IN ././. 400 | 401 | # (There are) many (at) Coata. 402 | xaaIbAai/many/JJ coatA/CoatA/NNP ././. 403 | 404 | #Xaí. Paagagísai, nome xaoói. Gíxai soxóá conhece xai. Xaí Coatá, mais para cá 405 | #Coatá. Xai Coatá xaaíbáai. 406 | #'Thus. Paagagisai (what we call the foreign name, Coatá) You already know it. Thus 407 | #Coatá, more towards here. Coatá. Thus at Coatá many.' 408 | 409 | # Thus. Paagagisai (what we call the foreign name, Coatá) You already know it. 410 | xaI/thus/RB ././. paagagIsai/Paagagisai/NNP ,/,/, nome/name/FW xaoOi/foreigner/NN ././. gIxai/2/PRP soxOA/already/RB conhece/know/FW xai/??it?/PRP ././. 411 | 412 | # Thus Coatá, more towards here. 413 | xaI/thus/RB coatA/CoatA/NNP ,/,/, mais_para_cA/more_towards_here/FW ././. 414 | 415 | # Coatá. Thus at Coatá many. 416 | coatA/CoatA/NNP ././. xai/thus/RB coatA/CoatA/NNP xaaIbAai/many/JJ ././. 417 | 418 | #00:04:56 419 | #Dan to Kaioá 420 | #Xaí tí xahoaí xaoói. 'Ok. I am going to talk to the foreigner (Randall).' 421 | 422 | # Ok. I am going to talk to the foreigner (Randall). 423 | xaI/thus/RB tI/1/PRP xa/sound/NN hoaI/use/VB xaoOi/foreigner/NN ././. 424 | 425 | #Kaioá to Dan 426 | #Xigíai. 'OK' 427 | 428 | # OK 429 | xigIai/okay/UH ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/04 panther.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/04 panther.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/04_panther.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: panthertext.pdf (Killing the Panther; Author XAHÓÁPATI(Brazilian name is Simão); July 28, 1980; Maici River; Posto Novo; Collected, translated, analyzed, and transcribed by Daniel L. Everett) 2 | 3 | # kagAIhiaI/jaguar/NN may be further analyzed as kagAI/mark/NN hi/3/PRP aI/be/VB 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Here the jaguar pounced upon my dog. 7 | xakI/here/RB ,/,/, xakI/here/RB ti/1/PRP kagAIhiaI/jaguar/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -I/sudden k/it/PRP o/die/VB -A/move -i/into ././. 8 | 9 | #2 10 | # There the jaguar pounced on my dog and the dog died, it happened with respect to me. 11 | ti/1/PRP kagAIhiaI/jaguar/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -I/sudden k/it/PRP o/die -Ai/do xaI/thus/RB ti/1/PRP ai/do/VB -A/COMPL_CERT xai/do/VB -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 12 | 13 | #3 14 | # There the jaguar killed the dog by pouncing on it. 15 | gaI/there/RB s/animal_clitic/NN ib/hit -a/move -i/into -b/down -i/sudden ab/grab -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -p/down -i/sudden -i/intent -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 16 | 17 | #4 18 | # With respect to it, the jaguar pounced on the dog, I thought I saw it. 19 | xi/animal_clitic/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -I/sudden -sigI/com -ai/be gaI/there/RB si/place/NN -i/thus xIs/animal/NN a/move/VB -p/down -i/sudden -k/transition_consonant o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -A/move -o/onto -b/up -i/INTENT -I/sudden -haI/REL_CERT ././. 20 | 21 | #5 22 | # Then I recognized that the panther pounced on my dog. 23 | xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP xai/do/VB -A/thus xakI/here/RB kopaIyai/blackness_panther/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -A/completive -hai/REL_CERT ././. 24 | 25 | #6 26 | # Then the panther pounced on my dog. 27 | xaI/then/RB kopaIyai/panther/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -A/completive -hai/REL_CERT -i/prosody ././. 28 | 29 | #7 30 | # Then I said that this (is the work of) a panther. 31 | xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -A/thus kopaIyai/panther/NN xAaga/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT -I/down -a/DECL ././. 32 | 33 | #8 34 | # Then I said with respect to the panter, "Here is where it went. I think I see (where it went)". 35 | xaI/then/RB kopaI/panther/NN ti/1/PRP g/com/IN Ai/sound/NN xakI/here/RB si/place/NN xIs/animal/NN a/move/VB -p/down_vert -i/sudden k/it/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -p/vertical -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 36 | 37 | #9 38 | # Uh, I said "The jaguar then jumped up on the log". 39 | mm/vocal_pause/UH ti/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -A/thus xakI/here/RB xIs/animal/NN a/move/VB -o/horizontal -b/down -ogA/on_raised_surface xai/do/VB -A/thus xai/be_in/VB ././. 40 | 41 | #10 42 | # As for the dog, the panther pounced on the partner. 43 | giaibaI/dog/NN kopaIyai/panther/NN kAgi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/vertical -A/completive -hA/COMPL_CERT -ii/INTENT ././. 44 | 45 | #11 46 | # The panther hit the dog and it had died. 47 | kopaIyai/panther/NN xIb/hit/VB -ai/do k/it/PRP oaI/die/VB s/animal_clitic/NN aagA/be_temporary/VB -hai/REL_CERT ././. 48 | 49 | #12 50 | # Then when I had gunshot the jaguar, it began to fall. 51 | xaI/then/RB k/it/PRP apA/expel_away/VB -g/completive -ob/move_horizontal -aO/when s/animal_clitic/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -A/down -I/into -b/on_up -A/down -o/onto -hoagAi/inchoative_action -xii/continuative -gA/incompletive xaI/do/VB ././. 52 | 53 | #13 54 | # "Kaapási", I said, "Throw a basket (to me)". 55 | kaapAsi/Kaapasi/NNP xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP g/com/IN AI/sound/NN kaapAsi/Kaapasi/NNP kaxAowI/basket/NN k/it/PRP ob/throw/VB -A/causative -aA/IMPERATIVE -ta/repet -haI/REL_CERT ././. 56 | 57 | #14 58 | # Throw me a basket to put the dog into. 59 | xI/3fem/PRP kagi/basket/NN -hoi/thing xOb/throw -A/causative -aA/IMPERATIVE -ta/repet -haI/REL_CERT kagi/basket/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -i/into -p/down -I/DECL ././. 60 | 61 | #15 62 | # The same cat pounced on the dog. 63 | sigi/same/JJ Ai/be/VB -hI/NOMLZR ././. xaI/then/RB bAOhoipaI/cat/NN s/animal_clitic/NN a/move/VB -o/horizontal xab/grab/VB -a/cause -ab/DUR -o/onto ././. 64 | 65 | #16 66 | # The panther pounced on the dog, thus it caused him to be not. 67 | kopaIai/panther/NN s/animal_clitic/NN a/move/VB -o/onto xab/grab/VB -a/cause -ab/DUR -A/completive -hA/COMPL_CERT taIo/therefore/RB xaI/then/RB xab/NEG/RB a/cause/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -A/COMPL_CERT taIo/therefore/RB ././. 68 | 69 | #17 70 | # Put the jaguar into the same basket with the dog. 71 | xI/animal_clitic/NN kag/expected_assoicate/NN igI/com/IN a/be_in/VB xiowi/there_proximate/RB hi/3/PRP A/move/VB -o/onto -b/down -IsigI/same -o/directional ././. kag/basket/NN ig/com/IN -I/into -a/DECL xiowi/there_proximate/RB ././. 72 | 73 | #18 74 | # Put it in with the dog, he caused the dog to be not. He has therefore already (died). 75 | hi/3/PRP a/move/VB -o/onto -b/down is/animal/NN ig/com/IN -I/into -o/directional xab/NEG/RB a/cause/VB -ab/DUR -A/move taO/thus/RB hi/3/PRP agI/logical_comitative/IN -a/COMPL_CERT sO/time/NN -xo/pass -i/immediate ././. 76 | 77 | #19 78 | # When you have the jaguar parts in the basket, then put the basket on your head (with a tumpline, DLE) 79 | xIs/animal/NN agI/logical_comitative/IN -a/COMPL_CERT xI/animal_clitic/NN ig/com/IN A/move/VB -i/into -p/down -AO/when ././. kagi/basket/NN -hoi/thing xo/move_jerk/VB -A/move -o/onto -b/down -A/cause -hA/COMPL_CERT xaI/then/RB ././. 80 | 81 | #20 82 | # The dog then at night smelled him for sure then. 83 | giaibAi/dog/NN -hi/NOMLZR xaI/then/RB xa/cause/VB hoa/fire/NN -O/directional xita/snout/NN Ogi/big/JJ xaaga/be_temp/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT xai/then/RB ././. 84 | 85 | #21 86 | # It is right on top of the dog. It pounced on the dog and killed him. 87 | kagi/expected_associate/NN Igi/com/IN -I/into bag/touch/VB -Ai/be_in -hI/COMPL_CERT kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/grab/VB -A/move -boi/move_quickly_down -ta/repet -A/move ././. hI/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 88 | 89 | #22 90 | # It is right on top of the dog. It pounced on the dog and killed him. 91 | kagi/expected_associate/NN ab/NEG/RB o/move/VB -I/into -boI/move_quickly_down -ta/repet -A/move -sog/want 92 | -ab/DUR -ai/be_in -sai/gerund_formation xOO/know/VB -agA/be_temporary ././. 93 | 94 | #23 95 | # Then I was talking, then Kaapasi he, animal, he ... 96 | xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -A/DECL xaI/then/RB kaapAsi/Kaapasi/NNP hi/3/PRP Isi/animal/NN hi/3/PRP FRAG/FRAG/FRAG ././. 97 | 98 | 99 | #24 100 | # Don't shoot from far away. Be shooting down on it. 101 | kA/far/RB ap/expel_away/VB -I/sudden -xoog/want -ab/DUR -i/into -sahaI/PROHIBITIVE k/it/PRP apA/expel_away/VB -o/onto -b/down -Ii/continuative -ga/incompletive -At/IMPERATIVE -i/DECL ././. 102 | 103 | #25 104 | # I moved quickly down towards the action onto the trunk, (I) killed it, thus it changed (died). 105 | xi/animal_clitic/NN ti/1/PRP boI/move_quickly_down/VB -t/repet -A/move -o/onto -b/down -I/sudden -haI/REL_CERT xI/animal_clitic/NN k/accomplishment/NN o/die/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -A/DECL -hA/COMPL_CERT taIo/thus/RB xIs/animal/NN -agI/logical_connective -a/COMPL_CERT ././. 106 | 107 | #26 108 | # It was dying and it wasn't able to leave therefore. 109 | xI/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP o/die/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -Ii/continuative -gA/incompletive -hA/COMPL_CERT taI/thus/RB -o/directional xI/animal_clitic k/accomplishment/NN ahA/depart/VB -p/down -iI/intend hi/3/PRP -ab/NEG a/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT taI/thus/RB -o/directional ././. 110 | 111 | #27 112 | # OK, then, it thus came to die. Then it was coming to die. 113 | xigI/com/IN xai/be_temp_action/VB xI/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP o/die/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -A/move -A/COMPL_CERT taI/thus/RB -o/directional xaI/then/RB k/it/PRP o/die/VB -ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -Ii/continuative -g/incompletive ././. 114 | 115 | #28 116 | # Then Kaapasi, OK, he shot it. 117 | xaI/then/RB kaapAsi/Kaapasi/NNP xigI/com/IN -a/DECL xapA/expel_rapidly_away/VB -o/onto -b/down -I/sudden -sAi/gerundive -hI/comment ././. 118 | 119 | #29 120 | # Then the animal thus changed and was dying. When the animal stood up it went away again. 121 | xaI/then/RB s/animal_clitic/NN agI/logical_connective/IN -a/DECL k/it/PRP o/die/VB -Ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -A/move -I/comment s/animal_clitic/NN agI/logical_connective/IN -a/DECL sit/stand/VB -o/move_onto -A/move -op/go -AO/when k/it/PRP ahA/go/VB -pi/down -tA/repet ././. 122 | 123 | #30 124 | # Its dying was lingering. 125 | k/it/PRP o/die/VB -Ab/DUR -A/move -o/onto -b/down -AI/do -saI/gerundive ././. 126 | 127 | #31 128 | # I therefore shot it again, breaking its elbow. 129 | ti/1/PRP xagiA/therefore/RB k/it/PRP apa/expel_rapidly_away/VB -Ig/com -A/move -o/onto -b/down -I/sudden -ta/repet -haI/REL_CERT i/animal_clitic/NN toI/elbow/NN hi/3/PRP -O/directional xI/animal_clitic/NN Ai/bone/NN hI/3/PRP xaI/hurt/JJ ././. 130 | 131 | #32 132 | # Then I shot it again, I therefore shot it again then. 133 | ti/1/PRP I/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP apa/expel_rapidly_away/VB -Ig/com -A/move -o/onto -b/down -I/sudden -ta/repet -haI/REL_CERT xaI/then/RB ti/1/PRP giA/therefore/RB k/it/PRP ap/expel_rapidly_away/VB -A/move -o/onto -b/down -I/sudden -so/when ././. 134 | 135 | #33 136 | # It came to die, it came to die; it had thick fur. 137 | k/it/PRP o/die/VB -ab/DUR -Ai/do k/it o/die -ab/DUR -A/move -ig/com -A/move -o/onto -b/down -i/sudden -haA/COMPL_CERT xaI/then/RB xis/animal/NN ai/bone/NN -ta/projection Ogi/strong/JJ ././. 138 | 139 | #34 140 | # It intended thus to die. He did not move, therefore. His fur/essence is strong. 141 | xI/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP oa/die/VB -iI/INTENT hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB a/do/VB -A/move taI/therefore/RB -o/directional gIi/there/RB -sai/NOMLZR xis/animal/NN ai/bone/NN -ta/projection Ogi/strong/JJ ././. 142 | 143 | #35 144 | # He had not died. (I said) "That foreigner, you (Dan) the foreigner, have not seen (a jaguar) dead. 145 | k/it/PRP o/die/VB -aI/do hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -i/transition_vowel -kwI/temporary_quality gAi/there/RB xaowi/foreigner/NN -I/directional xaowi/foreigner/NN gIai/2/PRP k/it/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -i/transition_vowel -kwI/temporary_quality ././. 146 | 147 | 148 | #36 149 | # Then right away, (I) moved it, right then. 150 | xaI/then/RB pixAi/now/RB xI/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP a/move/VB -ap/move_away -I/transition_vowel -kwI/temporary_quality pixAi/now/RB -xII/continuative -g/incompletive -a/DECL ././. 151 | 152 | #37 153 | # Then cats, Xisaitaógi (not DLE) has already seen. 154 | xaI/then/RB bAOhoipaI/cat/NN so/only/FW xisaitaOgi/Steve/NNP sowA/already/RB k/it/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do ././. 155 | 156 | 157 | #38 158 | # Here jaguars [marked-he-is] (he has seen), only panthers the foreigner (not DLE) has not yet seen. 159 | xakI/here/RB kagAI/marked/JJ hi/3/PRP AI/be/VB so/only/FW kopaIyai/panther/NN xisaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP I/animal_clitic/NN k/it/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -ii/continuative -g/incompletive -A/DECL ././. 160 | 161 | #39 162 | # Now, the Pirahãs have just now shot (a jaguar). 163 | pixAi/now/RB soxOA/already/RB hiaitIihI/piraha/NN k/it/PRP ap/expel_rapidly_away/VB -I/transition_vowel -kwI/temporary_quality pixAi/now/RB -xIIga/EMPH ././. 164 | 165 | #40 166 | # Then the Pirahãs are intensely afraid of panthers. The end. 167 | xaI/then/RB hiaitIihI/piraha/NN baai/fear/NN -owI/INTENS_perm_qual baOhoipaI/cat/NN kopaIyaihi/panther/NN xigIai/okay/UH ././. 168 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/05 VISIT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/05 VISIT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/05_anthropologists.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: VISIT OF THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS.pdf (Text: Visit of the Anthropologists; Cassette No. 2; Informant: Itaibigai) 2 | 3 | # Two anthropologists from the Masen Goeldi have made three trips into the Piraha to study the culture. Their names are Adelia (iAbi) and Ivelise (itaIai). During their first visit they lived on the beach at the mouth of the Maici. During their time there two children became very sick. Kaogiai the son of Kaxai, and a new-born of Ahoogi's. Kaogiai got better with medicine, but Ahoogi did not take the new-born to get medicine. This upset the other Indians a great deal. The antropologists talk of Steve's return to the tribe and wonder if he will be angry. The Indians are hoping that the girls will leave their goods behind when they go away. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Abagi said, I will live with the anthropologists. 7 | abagi/Abagi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -haI/REL_CERT aogI/foreign_woman/NN igIo/com/IN ai/be/VB -haI/REL_CERT aogI/foreign_woman/NN ././. 8 | #2 9 | # I'll stay with them, I won't leave. 10 | aogI/foreign_woman/NN igIo/com/IN oI/move/VB -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 11 | #3 12 | # Ahoogi almost went away from the anthropologists, and his younger brother also. 13 | ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman aIso/also/RB ag/go/VB -Abai/frustrated_initiation ././. 14 | #4 15 | # Kohoibiisai (the younger brother) then said, don't go away from the girls. 16 | kohoibiIsai/Kohoibiisai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info aogI/foreign_woman/NN aIso/also/RB xai/do -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 17 | #5 18 | # You will be sick. 19 | gIxa/2/PRP baAbi/sick/JJ xi/be -isai/old_info ././. 20 | #6 21 | # Stay with the girls. 22 | aogI/foreign_woman/NN igIo/com/IN ././. 23 | #7 24 | # Well the children were stealing from the girls. 25 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB aogI/foreign_woman/NN a/thing_clitic/NN bagIa/steal/VB -baI/INTENS -xI/be ././. 26 | #8 27 | # They were doing bad things. 28 | hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN a/thing_clitic/NN bAI/bad/JJ -sI/old_info -sai/old_info -hIaga/hearsay ././. 29 | #9 30 | # Ahoogi then said, don't do that to the girls! 31 | ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN xai/do/VB -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 32 | #10 33 | # The girls said, Steve is nearly to return isn't he? 34 | aogI/foreign_woman/NN hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP Ap/come/VB -i/transition_vowel -si/old_info -igi/com -hIai/hearsay -saixoAi/INTER ?/?/? 35 | #11 36 | # The moon is nearly gone. 37 | ia/moon_clitic/NN bAt/used_up/JJ -Aob/completive -aA/nearly ././. 38 | #12 39 | # Iabi then said, Steve, don't return just now! 40 | iAbi/Iabi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay iAbi/Iabi/NNP isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP Ap/come/VB -i/transition_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 41 | #13 42 | # The moon is nearly gone, the anthropologist said. 43 | ia/moon_clitic/NN bAt/used_up/JJ -Aob/completive -aA/nearly -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aogi/foreign_woman/NN aItixi/??/?? ././. 44 | #14 45 | # Oi said, yes Steve will be coming. 46 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner_clitic/NN ai/do/VB hi/3/PRP ap/come/VB -i/transition_vowel -kaAhaa/IMPORTANT_FACT ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Itaiai then said, by the next morning this time I will have gone. 49 | aogI/foreign_woman hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB itaiAi/Itaiai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aO/another/JJ xiai/be/VB ti/1/PRP xaa/be/VB -sai/old_info -xaaga/be ././. 50 | #16 51 | # Steve is going to return. 52 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP ai/do/VB hi/3/PRP ap/come/VB -i/transition_vowel -kaAh/IMPORTANT_FACT -aaga/have ././. 53 | #17 54 | # Oi then said, I'm not going away from the girls. 55 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB aogi/foreign_woman/NN aIso/also/RB -xai/do -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 56 | #18 57 | # Steve is nearly here, yes he is. 58 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner_clitic/NN ai/be/VB hi/3/PRP Igi/com/IN hi/3/PRP ai/be/VB -xi/be -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 59 | #19 60 | # Yes, I will not go away from the girls. 61 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB aogi/foreign_woman/NN aIso/also/RB xai/do/VB -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 62 | #20 63 | # Well, the girls will leave the mosquito nets and everything here. 64 | aogI/foreign_woman/NN aigIa/thus/RB tiIgo/mosquito_net/NN o/direct/VB -b/down -ai/do -baa/INTENS -haI/REL_CERT ././. 65 | #21 66 | # The child is sick. 67 | ka/daughter_clitic/NN bAbi/sick/JJ ././. 68 | #22 69 | # Don't be sick! 70 | i/3/PRP ka/daughter_clitic/NN bAbi/sick/JJ -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 71 | #23 72 | # They have almost gone away from the girls. 73 | hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN aiso/also/RB aag/have/RB -Abai/frustrated_initiation ././. 74 | #24 75 | # Oi said, don't go away from the girls. 76 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB aogI/foreign_woman/NN aIso/also/RB xai/do/VB -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 77 | #25 78 | # You will be sick. 79 | gIxa/2/PRP bAbi/sick/JJ -kaAh/IMPORTANT_INFO aaga/have/VB ././. 80 | #26 81 | # Iabi then yes then she (a stutter). 82 | iAbi/Iabi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB aogI/foreign_woman/NN hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ././. 83 | #27 84 | # Ahoogi's child died! 85 | ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hoI/son/NN k/it/PRP oaI/die/VB -koI/EMPH tiobAhai/child/NN ././. 86 | #28 87 | # Iabi said, Ahoogi's child died! 88 | iAbi/Iabi/NN hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -haxa/COMPL_CERT ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hoI/son/NN koaI/die/VB pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 89 | #29 90 | # Iabi said, Ahoogi's child died just now. 91 | iAbi/Iabi/NN aogi/foreign_woman aigIa/thus/VB ahoigI/afternoon/NN -O/LOC hi/3/PRP hoI/son/NN ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB -agApAba/?? -ihI/INTER tiobAhai/child/NN ././. 92 | #30 93 | # Ahoogi said, he died, he is dead. 94 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VVB -xi/be ././. 95 | #31 96 | # Ahoogi said, I did not go see the anthropologist. 97 | ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -haI/REL_CERT hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN O/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ao/completive -p/up -i/transition_vowel -hiaba/NEG -haI/REL_CERT ././. 98 | #32 99 | # Right near the girls, at the same place he died. 100 | aogI/foreign_woman/NN xiigihi/near/IN -O/LOC aisigI/same/JJ hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB ././. 101 | #33 102 | # Isabi said, Since Ahoogi did not go to see the girls he died, didn't he? 103 | isabi/Isabi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -haxaa/COMPL_CERT ahoOgi/Ahoogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ao/completive -p/up -ai/do -hiab/NEG -aO/completive hi/3/PRP oa/die/VB -bAa/?? -hoi/move -hI/INTER ?/?/? 104 | #34 105 | # Why is it that he died? 106 | hi/3/PRP oa/die/VB -bAa/?? -hoI/move -saoi/INTER ?/?/? 107 | #35 108 | # He lives near the girls. 109 | hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN hi/3/PRP -O/LOC xia/live/VB -haxa/COMPL_CERT -isai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay ././. 110 | #36 111 | # Oi nearly went very early to see his relatives son. 112 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ahoa/day/NN ko/stomach/NN oho/eat/VB -ai/do ahai/sibling/NN hoI/son/NN ko/eye/NN b/throw/VB Aabop/return/VB -Abai/frustrated_initiation -ha/COMPL_CERT ././. 113 | #37 114 | # The girls nearly brought medicine in the morning. 115 | aogi/foreign_woman/NN Ahoa/day/NN hio/other/JJ aip/medicine/NN iig/carry/VB -ag/?? -Ap/?? -Abai/frustrated_initiation ././. 116 | #38 117 | # Did Iabi really go see him early in the morning? 118 | iAbi/Iabi/NNP aogi/foreign_woman/NN aigIa/thus/RB ahoa/day/NN ko/stomach/NN oho/eat -a/do hI/3/PRP -O/LOC hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ag/go -ai/do -hI/INTER ?/?/? 119 | #39 120 | # The child is dead. 121 | hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -xi/be tiobAhai/chid/NN ././. 122 | #40 123 | # Steve don't be angry! 124 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP aOpI/angry/JJ -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 125 | #41 126 | # He died, yes he did. 127 | hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -xi/be -isai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 128 | #42 129 | # Because of (the illness) Oi went early to see the anthropologist. 130 | hi/3/PRP ahoa/day/NN ko/stomach/NN oho/eat/VB -a/do hI/3/PRP -O/LOC aogI/foreign_woman/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB aOp/go/VB -a/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT taIo/therefore/RB aogi/foreign_woman/NN Aagisa/go_to/VB ././. 131 | #43 132 | # Iabi said (ahoogi) did not come to see me. 133 | iAbi/Iabi/NNP aogi/foreign_woman/NN aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay hi/3/PRP tI/1/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB aop/go/VB -ai/do -hiaba/NEG -haI/REL_CERT ././. 134 | #44 135 | # (If he had) I would have given him medicine. 136 | higI/real/NN aiO/then/RB hi/3/PRP xaipi/medicine/NN hoai/give/VB -sai/old_info -xAaga/have -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 137 | #45 138 | # Didn't kaogiai almost die? 139 | kaogiaI/Kaogiai/NNP koab/die/VB -Abai/frustrated_completion -koI/EMPH a/do/VB -ihI/INTER ?/?/? 140 | #46 141 | # Well iabi put medicine onto the mouth of kaogiai who was almost dead. 142 | iAbi/Iabi/NNP aogi/foreign_woman/NN hi/3/PRP oaI/dead/JJ -si/one kaoi/mouth/NN xi/3fem/PRP aipi/medicine/NN ob/put/VB -Aop/go -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 143 | #47 144 | # Kaxai said The girl is putting lots of medicine in, and when she did, well then he became alive again. 145 | aogi/foreign_woman/NN aIpi/medicine/NN -aAbi/full -so/when hI/3/PRP ai/do/VB hi/3/PRP aOi/mouth/NN xi/3fem/PRP xai/do/VB pi/medicine/NN ob/put/VB -Aop/go -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT hi/3/PRP xa/??/?? xaiO/therefore/RB koig/live/VB -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT kaogiaI/Kaogiai/NNP ././. 146 | #48 147 | # Kaxai, the younger one was almost angry with the antrhopologist. 148 | kaxaI/Kaxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aOgi/foreign_woman/NN ot/angry/JJ -Ab/DUR -abai/frustrated_initiation pix/favorite_child/NN Aagi/green_young/JJ hi/3/PRP -O/LOC iai/be/VB ././. 149 | #49 150 | # Oi, the older one, put the medicine into the mouth of the younger relative, yes he did. 151 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP pix/favorite_child/NN Aagi/green_young/JJ tohoIxi/older_one/NN a/??/?? xahaig/sibling/NN aOi/mouth/NN xi/3fem/PRP xai/do/VB pi/medicine/NN ob/put/VB -i/?? -so/?? -xai/?? aa/do/VB -hAxa/COMPL_CERT ././. 152 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/06 APIBAI GOES, I STAY.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/06 APIBAI GOES, I STAY.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/06_apibaI_goesIstay.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: APIBAI GOES, I STAY.pdf (Text: Apibai goes. I stay; Not on Tape; Informant: Tisahai) 2 | 3 | # This file was written with accents marked 3 and 1. Only accents marked 1 have been capitalized. 4 | # This version adjusts word boundaries and translations to be more consistent with Katosbabyandthefire.pa 5 | 6 | # This is a story about a trip that Steve, Apibai and the Maku informant were going to take in Porto Velho. The speaker is Apibai's wife who does not plan to go on the trip even though her husband wants her to, because he never helps with the little child. 7 | 8 | # Gloss1: 9 | # Apibai, I will stay with Linda. 10 | apibaI/Apibai/NNP ti/1/PRP xaogi/foreign_woman aI/do/IN aixi/stay/VB ././. 11 | 12 | # Gloss2: 13 | # Linda said, "She intends to stay." 14 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ioitAbi/Linda/NNP hi/3/PRP ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 15 | 16 | # Gloss3: 17 | # Don't delay, I will remain. 18 | hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -i/transition_vowel -sahaI/PROHIBITIVE ti/1/PRP ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 19 | 20 | # Gloss4: 21 | # Only you go. 22 | abaxaI/alone/RB hoag/come/VB -aI/do ././. 23 | 24 | # Gloss5: 25 | # Don't delay! 26 | hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -i/DECL -saI/old_info ././. 27 | 28 | # Gloss6: 29 | # Return quickly. 30 | aibogiaI/quickly/RB g/com/IN Ab/remain/VB -O/LOC -p/up -ai/do -ta/repetitive -haA/COMPL_CERT ././. 31 | 32 | # Gloss7: 33 | # I will remain here. 34 | ti/1/PRP ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -sai/old_info -Aaga/be ././. 35 | 36 | # Gloss8: 37 | # I intend to remain. 38 | ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 39 | 40 | # Gloss9: 41 | # I will not go there. 42 | oI/jungle/NN kaba/NEG/RB -O/LOC ././. 43 | 44 | # Gloss10: 45 | # I intend to remain. 46 | ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 47 | 48 | # Gloss11: 49 | # The child is very heavy. 50 | hi/3/PRP tai/heavy/JJ -kaA/?? xaaga/be/VB tiobAha/child/NN ././. 51 | 52 | # Gloss12: 53 | # You don't carry the child. 54 | gIxa/2/PRP hi/3/PRP Ig/com/IN -i/proximate -hiab/NEG -i/DECL -koI/EMPH ././. 55 | 56 | # Gloss13: 57 | # Yes, I intend to remain. 58 | xaI/thus/RB ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 59 | 60 | # Gloss14: 61 | # He (The other Indian) said, "O.K. let's go." 62 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info soxoA/already/RB hOi/move/VB -koI/EMPH ././. 63 | 64 | # Gloss15: 65 | # Don't delay long. 66 | hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -i/DECL -saI/old_info ././. 67 | 68 | # Gloss16: 69 | # I will not go there. 70 | oA/go/VB kaba/NEG/RB -O/LOC ././. 71 | 72 | # Gloss17: 73 | # I will remain. 74 | ab/remain/VB -iIg/continuative -A/COMPL_CERT ././. 75 | 76 | # Gloss18: 77 | # The Maku (Indian) sail also be going. 78 | ba/Maku/NNP hOxoi/Maku/NNP piai/also/RB pio/also/RB hoag/come/VB -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 79 | 80 | # Gloss19: 81 | # I will not go there. 82 | oI/jungle/VB kaba/NEG/RB -O/LOC ././. 83 | 84 | # Gloss20: 85 | # I intend to remain. 86 | ab/remain/VB -iI/intent ././. 87 | 88 | # Gloss21: 89 | # Well, when Steve goes, you go with his. 90 | xaI/thus/RB isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/he/PRP ah/go/VB -A/vertical -p/up -i/DECL so/time/NN io/also/RB abOp/return/VB -I/decl ././. 91 | 92 | # Gloss22: 93 | # Yes, I will not go there. 94 | xaI/thus/RB oI/jungle/NN kaba/NEG/RB -O/LOC ././. 95 | 96 | # Gloss23: 97 | # I intend to remain. 98 | ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 99 | 100 | # Gloss24: 101 | # I am remaining. 102 | i/1/PRP ab/remain/VB -aI/be -ta/repetitive -I/DECL ././. 103 | 104 | # Gloss25: 105 | # Only you go on. 106 | abaxaI/alone/RB hoi/move/VB -iIg/cont -A/DECL ././. 107 | 108 | # Gloss26: 109 | # I will not go there. 110 | oI/jungle/NN kaba/NEG/RB -O/LOC ././. 111 | 112 | # Gloss27: 113 | # I will still remain. 114 | ab/remain/VB -xiig/cont -A/DECL ././. 115 | 116 | # Gloss28: 117 | # Linda said she will be staying. 118 | hi/she/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ioitAbi/Linda/NNP ab/remain/VB -iI/intent -sai/old_info -xAaga/be ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/07 BIRTH OF PE'S BABY #2.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/07 BIRTH OF PE'S BABY #2.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/07_birthofpesbaby.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: BIRTH OF PE'S BABY #2.pdf (Cassette No 1; Informant: Maigiphoasi, sister to the grandmother in the story) 2 | 3 | # Background information: The mother giving birth is about 14 years old, married to a man about 45-50. 4 | # Her name is Pe, his is Hoagaixoxai. The young girl's parents have gone on a fishing trip, and 5 | # everyone is quite upset because they are not there to help look after her. The baby is born down 6 | # at the river, and the young mother is very weak. She tries to come up to the river bank but nearly 7 | # falls, so her husband calls me (Steve) to come with a hammock to get the mother. She doesn't want 8 | # to but we bring her up in the hammock anyway. 9 | 10 | # Gloss1: 11 | # Hoagaixoai said, aogioso is still not here. 12 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxia/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -iig/cont -A/EMPH aogiOso/Aogioso/NNP ././. 13 | 14 | # Gloss2: 15 | # Are you going to delay long aogioso. 16 | gIxi/2/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP ?/?/? 17 | 18 | # Gloss3: 19 | # Pii is having labor pains. 20 | itA/hurt/JJ hoAgaI/become/VB -I/state pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 21 | 22 | # Gloss4: 23 | # Pii has not given birth to it yet. 24 | pIi/Pii/NNP i/3/PRP op/give_birth/VB -i/state -hiab/NEG -iig/cont -A/ded pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 25 | 26 | # Gloss5: 27 | # Hoagaixoxai said, are you going to delay long? 28 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER ?/?/? 29 | 30 | # Gloss6: 31 | # Pii is having labor pains. 32 | pIi/Pii/NNP itA/hurt/JJ hoAgaI/become/VB -I/state pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 33 | 34 | # Gloss7: 35 | # She is not giving birth yet. 36 | i/3/PRP op/give_birth/VB -i/state -hiaba/NEG -xaI/REL_CERT ././. 37 | 38 | # Gloss8: 39 | # Does it want to remain in her stomach. 40 | i/3/PRP aIgI/stomach/NN sog/want -i/state -sOiAihI/INTER ?/?/? 41 | 42 | # Gloss9: 43 | # She has not given birth. 44 | i/3/PRP op/give_birth/VB -i/state -hiaba/NEG ././. 45 | 46 | # Gloss10: 47 | # Hoagaixoxai said, the child is already born. 48 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP tiobAha/child/NN soxoA/already/RB ././. 49 | 50 | # Gloss11: 51 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Pii just now gave birth. 52 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP soxoA/already/RB kA/from/IN op/give_birth/VB -A/be -hA/COMPL_CERT pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 53 | 54 | # Gloss12: 55 | # Hoagaixoxai put his son on the floating dock when his wife gave birth. 56 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Aboi/paixaba/NN -apai/head i/3/PRP hoagI/son/NN hi/3/PRP Ao/put/VB -p/up -A/be -hA/COMPL_CERT iA/float/VB kagi/expected_associate/NN hi/3/PRP A/from/IN Op/give_birth/VB -I/state -so/when ././. 57 | 58 | # Gloss13: 59 | # Hoagaixoxai siad, Opisi are you going to delay long? 60 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info opIsi/OpIsi/NNP hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER ?/?/? 61 | 62 | # Gloss14: 63 | # Pii is having labor pains. 64 | itA/hurt/JJ hoAgaI/become/VB -i/state pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 65 | 66 | # Gloss15: 67 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Pii is having labor pains at night. 68 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP pIi/Pii/NNP itA/hurt/JJ hoAgaI/become/VB -i/state ahoaIi/night/NN ././. 69 | 70 | # Gloss16: 71 | # Is he going to delay long? 72 | hi/3/PRP oa/delay -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER ?/?/? 73 | 74 | # Gloss17: 75 | # Hoagaixoxai said, she is not giving birth. 76 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info i/3/PRP op/give_birth/VB -i/state -hiaba/neg -xaI/REL_CERT ././. 77 | 78 | # Gloss18: 79 | # Aogioso will you delay? 80 | aogiOso/aogioso/NNP hoagI/??/?? hi/3/PRP oao/delay/VB ?/?/? 81 | 82 | # Gloss19: 83 | # Is Aogioso going to delay long? 84 | aogiOso/aogioso/NNP hoagI/??/?? hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER ?/?/? 85 | 86 | # Gloss20: 87 | # Aogioso, Pii is not giving birth! 88 | i/3fem/PRP op/give_birth/VB -i/state -hiaba/neg -xaI/REL_CERT aogiOso/aogioso/NNP pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 89 | 90 | # Gloss21: 91 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Pii has just now given birth! 92 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP soxoA/already/RB kA/from/IN op/give_birth/VB -A/be -hA/COMPL_CERT pIi/Pii/NNP pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 93 | 94 | # Gloss22: 95 | # Hoagaixoxia said, Steve will we not bring her in the hammock. 96 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/INTENS isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP baOsai/cloth/NN -pis/hammock -o/LOC iig/carry/VB -o/vertical_move -p/up -i/state -kaba/neg -haI/REL_CERT ././. 97 | 98 | # Gloss23: 99 | # She is weak. 100 | hi/3/PRP bio/weak/JJ aI/be/VB -xi/state ././. 101 | 102 | # Gloss24: 103 | # Hoagaixoxai said, we will bring her in the hammock. 104 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info baOsai/cloth/NN -pis/hammock -o/LOC iig/carry/VB -o/vertical_move -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ././. 105 | 106 | # Gloss25: 107 | # Hoagaixoxia then is bringing the hammock. 108 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB baOsai/cloth/NN -pisi/hammock iig/carry/VB -ai/be -p/up -I/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ././. 109 | 110 | # Gloss26: 111 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Pii is almost came up from the float. 112 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info pIi/pii/NNP ia/float/VB -o/direct -p/up -a/ded -pahAi/nearly -xi/state ././. 113 | 114 | # Gloss27: 115 | # Pii is nearly weak. 116 | pIi/Pii/NNP I/3fem/PRP bio/weak/JJ -ab/DUR -Aa/almost ././. 117 | 118 | # Gloss28: 119 | # She is not coming up. 120 | o/vertical_move/VB -p/up -ai/be -hiab/NEG -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ././. 121 | 122 | # Gloss29: 123 | # Then Pii bringing her son just now fell. 124 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagI/son/NN xiig/carry/VB -A/remote -o/direct -b/down -AhA/incep pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 125 | 126 | # Gloss30: 127 | # So Hoagaixoxai grabbed his wife's arm there, like this. 128 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB apipA/arm/NN giaIi/there kagi/expected_associate hi/3/PRP abAa/grab/VB -hoi/go -haI/REL_CERT agIiso/like_this/?? ././. 129 | 130 | # Gloss31: 131 | # Pii lets go, because your legs are very weak. 132 | pIi/Pii/NNP gIxa/2/PRP kaxaO/let_us/VB aho/leg/NN IbIg/very/RB -AhA/incep -taIo/grounds ././. 133 | 134 | # Gloss32: 135 | # With her son she must not come! 136 | a/??/IN hoagI/son/NN a/move_vertical/VB -p/up -i/proximate -xai/be -hiabi/NEG -koI/EMPH ././. 137 | 138 | # Gloss33: 139 | # Hoagaixoxai, intends to bring her up in the hammock. 140 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB baOsai/cloth/NN -pis/hammock -o/LOC a/move_vertical/VB -o/direct -p/up -ai/be -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 141 | 142 | # Gloss34: 143 | # Hoagaixoxai will be bringing his wife. 144 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB baOsai/cloth/NN -pis/hammock -o/LOC kagi/expected_associate hi/3/PRP iIg/carry/VB -A/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -ai/be -haI/REL_CERT ././. 145 | 146 | # Gloss35: 147 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Lets go. 148 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB kaxaO/let_us/VB ././. 149 | 150 | # Gloss36: 151 | # Pii is weak. 152 | pIi/Pii/NNP hi/3/PRP bio/weak/JJ aI/be/VB pIi/Pii/NNP ././. 153 | 154 | # Gloss37: 155 | # Hoagaixoxai said to his wife that he would bring her. 156 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB aO/to/IN kagi/expected_associate/NN ././. hi/3/PRP iig/carry/VB -A/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -a/deol -pabAi/? hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP ././. 157 | 158 | # Gloss38: 159 | # You (Pii) will go up to the house, will arrive at the house, and afterwards sleep, said Hoagaixoxai. 160 | gIx/2/PRP o/vertical_move/VB -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT kaI/house -o/LOC a/move_vertical/VB -b/down -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ait/sleep/VB -ab/DUR -o/move -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT gabai/afterwards/RB hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ././. 161 | 162 | # Gloss39: 163 | # Pii said, I am staying weak. 164 | pIi/Pii/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ti/1/PRP bio/weak/JJ -ab/DUR Ai/be/VB ././. 165 | 166 | # Gloss40: 167 | # I do not intend to go. 168 | o/vertical_move -p/up -i/state -hiab/NEG -aA/INTENT? ././. 169 | 170 | # Gloss41: 171 | # My legs are weak. 172 | ti/1/PRP xahoa/leg/NN bIo/weak/JJ ././. 173 | 174 | # Gloss42: 175 | # My legs are useless. 176 | aho/leg/NN AbahIo/useless/JJ -xi/state ai/be/VB ././. 177 | 178 | # Gloss43: 179 | # I won't go on land! 180 | oO/land/NN xaI/do/VB -hiaba/NEG ././. 181 | 182 | # Gloss44: 183 | # Hoagaixoxai then said, we will bring you in the hammock. 184 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/be/VB -a/ded hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP baOsai/cloth -pis/hammock -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -o/vertical_move -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT ././. 185 | 186 | # Gloss45: 187 | # You will arrive lying down in the hammock. 188 | gIxi/2/PRP ait/sleep/VB a/move_vertical/VB -b/down -o/direct -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT baOsai/cloth -pis/hammock -O/LOC ././. 189 | 190 | # Gloss46: 191 | # He is bringing his wife just now. 192 | kagi/expected_assoicate/NN hi/3/PRP iIg/carry/VB -a/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -A/DECL -pa -hA/COMPL_CERT -xai/be ././. 193 | 194 | # Gloss47: 195 | # He is coming bringing her in the hammock just now. 196 | baOsai/cloth -pis/hammock -O/LOC iIg/carry/VB -a/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -A/DECL -pa -hA/COMPL_CERT -xai/be ././. 197 | 198 | # Gloss48: 199 | # He (Steve) said, is she weak? 200 | aO/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info i/3/PRP biO/weak/JJ -ab/DUR -OxoI/INTER -hI/INTER ?/?/? 201 | 202 | # Gloss49: 203 | # She is not coming. 204 | i/3/PRP O/vertical_move/VB -p/up -i/proximate -hiaba/NEG -xaI/be -isai/old_info ././. 205 | 206 | # Gloss50: 207 | # Hoagaixoxai then said, we will bring her in the hammock. 208 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info baOsai/cloth -pis/hammock -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -o/vertical_move -p/up -i/proximate -haI/REL_CERT -isai/old_info././. 209 | 210 | # Gloss51: 211 | # Hoagaixoxai is just now bringing his wife in the hammock. 212 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB baOsai/cloth -pis/hammock -O/LOC i/3/PRP kagi/expected_associate/NN iig/carry/VB -a/move_vertical -o/direct -p/up -A/DECL -pahA/incept -xai/be ././. 213 | 214 | # Gloss52: 215 | # Hoagaixoxai said, Pii has just now given birth! 216 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info pIi/Pii/NNP hi/3/PRP soxoA/already/RB kA/from/IN o/vertical_move/VB -p/up -AhA/incept pixAi/now/RB -xIga/EMPH ././. 217 | 218 | # Gloss53: 219 | # Hoagaixoxai put his son on the floating dock. 220 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Aboi/paixuba -apai/head i/3/PRP A/move_vertical/VB -p/up -ai/do hoagI/son/NN hi/3/PRP aO/put -p/up -i/proximate -haxaI/? ././. 221 | 222 | # Gloss54: 223 | # Hoagaixoxai's wife gave birth. 224 | hoagaIxOxaI/Hoagaixoxai/NNP kagi/expected_associate/NN hi/3/PRP A/from/IN Op/give_birth -i/state -sai/old_info ././. 225 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/08 CASIMIRO DREAMS.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/08 CASIMIRO DREAMS.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/08_casimiro_dreams.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: CASIMIRO DREAMS.pdf (Text: Casimiro Dreams; Not on Tape; Informant: Kaboibagi) 2 | 3 | # This is a text about a dream that the speaker in the story had. He is dreaming about a Brazilian woman that used to live near to the village, and is a very, very large woman. 4 | 5 | # Gloss1: 6 | # I dreamed about Alfredo's wife. 7 | ti/1/PRP aogI/Brazilianwoman/NNP aipipaO/dream/NN -ba/?? hoagaI/become/VB gI/?? ai/do/VB -hai/?? ././. 8 | 9 | # Gloss2: 10 | # As I dreamed, I and the Brazilian woman were there. 11 | ti/1/PRP xaI/thus/RB aogI/Brazilianwoman/NNP ai/do/VB -xaagA/be apipaO/dream/NN -ba/?? hoagaI/become/VB ././. 12 | 13 | # Gloss3: 14 | # She said in the dream, "You will stay with the Brazilian man." 15 | ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -si/?? ao/foreigner/NN apipoA/dream/NN -ba/?? ao/foreigner/NN higIo/com/IN ab/remain/VB -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 16 | 17 | # Gloss4: 18 | # You will stay with him. 19 | gIxa/2/PRP hi/3/PRP ao/foreigner/NN ab/remain/VB -i/DECL -koI/EMPH ././. 20 | 21 | # Gloss5: 22 | # Well, then I and the Big Brazilian woman disappeared. 23 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN ogI/big/JJ -giO/much ai/thus/RB hi/3/PRP ah/go/VB -A/vertical -p/up -i/transition -ta/repetitive ././. 24 | 25 | # Gloss6: 26 | # Next, I dreamed about Kamao and bananas. 27 | apipaA/dream/NN kagahaoogI/?? poogIhiai/bananas/NNS ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/09 DEATH OF AOGIOSO #2.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/09 DEATH OF AOGIOSO #2.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/09_DeathofAogioso.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #SOURCE: DEATH OF AOGIOSO #2.pdf (Text: Death of Aogioso #2; Cassette No.2, Side A; Informant: Iaibigai) 2 | 3 | #1 4 | # Abagi said, I will go with Steve. 5 | abagi/Abagi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP ioi/??/IN xa/go/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 6 | 7 | #2 8 | # I intend to go and tell bai (her father) that Aogioso has died. 9 | hi/3/PRP a/sound/NN ho/use/VB -ahAp/go/VB -i/state -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT baI/Bai/NNP ioAi/die/VB -xi/state aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP ././. 10 | 11 | #3 12 | # Only one cannot carry her up the river bank. 13 | hi/3/PRP hoi/one_few/CD -hiab/neg Aa/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT iig/carry/VB -op/go -ai/be -saI/old_info ././. 14 | 15 | #4 16 | # She is very heavy, and I am only one. 17 | itai/heavy/JJ -kaAh/much? aaga/be/VB i/3/PRP hOi/one_few/CD -hi Ai/be/VB ././. 18 | 19 | #5 20 | # Aogioso is no longer here, and I probably can't bring her up. 21 | aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP hi/3/PRP -abA/NEG xai/be/VB iig/carry/VB -op/go -ai/be -sai/old_info ././. 22 | 23 | #6 24 | # I will go with Steve. 25 | ioo/??/IN a/do/VB -haI/REL_CERT isaitaogi/Steve/NNP ././. 26 | 27 | #7 28 | # I am only one he said, and she is very heavy. 29 | hOi/one_few/CD -hI/?? ai/be/VB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info itai/heavy/JJ -kaAh/much? aaga/be/VB ././. 30 | 31 | #8 32 | # There are not lots of people around. 33 | hi/3/PRP hiab/NEG/RB -i/transition_vowel -kaAh/much? aaga/be/VB baagi/many/NN -sai/old_info ././. 34 | 35 | #9 36 | # I will go with Steve. 37 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ioo/??/IN xa/go/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 38 | 39 | #10 40 | # The others are not here. 41 | hi/3/PRP ai/be/VB -hiab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -kaAh/much? aaga/be/VB ././. 42 | 43 | #11 44 | # Am I to bring her up the river bank? 45 | big/dirt/NN aI/be/VB -sai/old_info iig/carry -op/go -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hi/INTER ?/?/? 46 | 47 | #12 48 | # There is only one of him. 49 | hi/3/PRP hOi/one_few -hI ai/be/VB ././. 50 | 51 | #13 52 | # She has died. 53 | aoaI/die/VB -kaAh/much? aaga/be/VB -i/proximate -sai/old_info ././. 54 | 55 | #14 56 | # Abagi said, I will go with Steve. 57 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP xioo/??/IN xa/go/VB -haI/REL_CERT isaigaOgi/Steve/NNP ././. 58 | 59 | #15 60 | # When Steve stopped there Abagi said, Aogioso is dead. 61 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN ao/put/VB -xai/do hi/3/PRP aba/stop/VB -ahAp/go -iig/cont -A/DECL opIsi/Opisi/NNP aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP ioaI/die/VB -xi/state ././. 62 | 63 | #16 64 | # Steve then said, Aogioso is dead. 65 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreinger/NN I/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP o/die/VB -ab/DUR -A/DECL ././. 66 | 67 | #17 68 | # For that reason you must not delay Opisi. 69 | opIsi/Opisi/NNP hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -a/remote -hA/COMPL_CERT taIo/grounds -i/? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 70 | 71 | #18 72 | # Steve said, Are you going to delay? 73 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ai/do -ihI/INTER ?/?/? 74 | 75 | #19 76 | # Aogioso was all alone when she died. 77 | aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP axabaxaIgio/alone/RB hoiso/die/VB -ai/be/VB -i/? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 78 | 79 | #20 80 | # Obagi (Oi) said that Steve intended to go see those at the river mouth. 81 | oi/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ao/foreigner/NN ao/??mouth??/NN hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/look?see?/VB -ab/DUR -ahAp/go -i/transition_vowel -xiI/INTENT -so/when -xai/EMPH ././. 82 | 83 | #21 84 | # Steve then said, Aogioso has died. 85 | isaitaOgi/Steve/PRP ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP hoisO/die/VB -xai/EMPH ././. 86 | 87 | #22 88 | # Opisi are you going to delay long? 89 | opIsi/Opisi/NNP hi/3/PRP oa/delay/VB -og/want -ab/DUR -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER -i/?? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ?/?/? 90 | 91 | #23 92 | # On returning Steve intends to stop. (and bring Opisi's canoe.) 93 | ao/foreigner/NN ao/??there??/RB? hi/3/PRP Aba/stop/VB -b/down -ahA/go -p/up -i/proximate -xiI/INTENT -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 94 | 95 | #24 96 | # Abagi said Aogioso has died. 97 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP ioai/die/VB -xi/state -i/? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 98 | 99 | #25 100 | # They then said, did a Brazilian kill her? 101 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aoOi/foreigner/NN hi/3/PRP ap/shoot?/VB -i/transition_vowel -hI/INTER ?/?/? 102 | 103 | #26 104 | # Maybe Steve won't come back. 105 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN api/come?/VB -hiab/NEG -abaI/frustrated_completion ././. 106 | 107 | #27 108 | # Steve went early in the morning to look for them. 109 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN ahoa/day/NN kooho/eat/VB ahIo/night/NN ao/foreigner/NN boitOhi/boat/NN ohoap/look_for/VB -i/transition_vowel -tai/repet -xiI/intent -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 110 | 111 | #28 112 | # They do not live up by him. 113 | oI/jungle/NN kab/NEG/RB isoO/??live??/VB? xia/be/VB -i/? ././. 114 | 115 | #29 116 | # Abagi said to his relatives when he arrived, Aogioso is dead. 117 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ahai/sibling/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN ai/do/VB opi/go/VB -so/when i/3fem/PRP oaI/die?/VB -so/when -xai/do aogiosohoagI/Aogioso ././. 118 | 119 | #30 120 | # Abagi almost did not tell them however. 121 | hi/3/PRP aI/do/VB -ta/repet -o/direct -p/up -i/transition_vowel -hiab/NEG -iI/intent -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 122 | 123 | #31 124 | # He (Abagi) said it like this, Since she died, he came in the boat to look for you. 125 | i/3/PRP so/time/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay -koI/EMPH agiiso/like_this/?? ao/foreinger/NN i/3fem/PRP oaI/die/VB -sai/COND boitOhi/boat/NN ohoap/look_for/VB -I/? -ta/repet -pa/?? -hAi/REL_CERT ././. 126 | 127 | #32 128 | # Steve said Aogioso has died. 129 | ao/foreinger/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info aogiOso/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP oaI/die/VB -sai/old_info ././. 130 | 131 | #33 132 | # I have come to see you. 133 | gIxa/2/PRP ob/look_see/VB Aap/return??come/VB -i/transition_vowel -haxa/might_be??preventory_infix??compl_cert?? -i/?? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 134 | 135 | #34 136 | # Iogi said, did Aogioso the good one die? 137 | iOgi/Iogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP bAa/good/JJ -si/name koaI/die/VB -hi/INTER ?/?/? 138 | 139 | #35 140 | # She was a very good one, yes she was. 141 | hi/3/PRP baA/good/JJ xaA/be/VB -baI/INTENS -i/? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 142 | 143 | #36 144 | # Iogi said, because of the unknown sickness she is dead. 145 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay AbahIoxio/unknown_sickness/NN hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB koaI/die/VB -si/name ././. 146 | 147 | #37 148 | # When she gave birth she died. 149 | i/3fem/PRP op/give_birth/VB -aO/when -ai/do hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -xi/state -i/? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 150 | 151 | #38 152 | # Yes, Axai's sister has died. 153 | axaI/Axai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Ahaig/sibling/NN oaI/die/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 154 | 155 | #39 156 | # Axai said, she seemed healthy. 157 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ko/hey/UH i/3fem/PRP baAxA/good/JJ -bai/INTENS ././. 158 | 159 | #40 160 | # She was a good one, yet she died. 161 | hi/3/PRP bAa/good/JJ -si/name koa/die/VB -bAii/INTENS -i/? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 162 | 163 | #41 164 | # Abagi (Oi) said, Since she died, Steve has come to see you. 165 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/VB xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -sai/CONDITIONAL gIxa/2/PRP ob/see/VB ahAp/go/VB -i/transition_vowel -ta/repet -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 166 | 167 | #42 168 | # She has died. 169 | hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -kaAh/much? -aoga/?? ././. 170 | 171 | #43 172 | # Yes, she passed away. 173 | i/3fem/PRP hoisO/pass_away_die/VB -xai/do -xi/state ././. 174 | 175 | #44 176 | # When Aogioso gave birth she died. 177 | aogiOso/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP op/give_birth/VB -aO/when koaI/die/VB -soxai/?? -i/?? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 178 | 179 | #45 180 | # Abagi said, All of you will want to come. 181 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB hi/3/PRP ogiAgaO/all/DT? hi/3/PRP bagA/come?/VB -og/want -ai/be -haI/REL_CERT -i/?? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 182 | 183 | #46 184 | # You will come to see her. 185 | i/3fem/PRP ob/see?/VB aA/move_vertical/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 186 | 187 | #47 188 | # You can come with him (Steve). 189 | ao/foreigner/NN ioo/??/IN a/do/VB -haI/REL_CERT -i/? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 190 | 191 | #48 192 | # Iogi then said, Who is it that shot my husband? 193 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay iOgi/Iogi/NNP aOi/who?/WP ibai/husband?/NN kapA/shoot/VB -boI/cause -hI/INTER ?/?/? 194 | 195 | #49 196 | # Well, she said, since you (her husband) are not here I'll go on up the Maici river. 197 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB gI/2/PRP hiab/NEG/RB -aO/CONDITIONAL bog/come/VB -aI/do -haI/REL_CERT baisIhio/Maici/NNP -iai/there? ././. 198 | 199 | #50 200 | # Should I go up and talk to them? 201 | hi/3/PRP a/sound/NN hoa/use/VB ig/com/IN A/sound/NN boI/cause/VB -xiig/cont -oxoi/INTER -hI/INTER -i/? -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ?/?/? 202 | 203 | #51 204 | # Well they said, Steve came early in the morning in the boat to look for us. 205 | aI/thus/RB hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN ahoa/day/NN koo/eat/VB hoai/night/NN hi/3/PRP -o/LOC boitOhi/boat/NN ohoap/look_for/VB -i/transition_vowel -tai/repet ././. 206 | 207 | #52 208 | # What is it that he is doing? 209 | hi/3/PRP goO/where/RB aoI/who?/RB ai/do/VB -sai/old_info -xOai/INTER ?/?/? 210 | 211 | #53 212 | # Yes, early in the morning the boat came looking for us. 213 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB boitOhoi/boat/NN ahoa/day/NN koo/eat/VB hoai/night/NN ohoap/look_for -i/transition_vowel -ta/repet -hai/REL_CERT -i/? -sai/old_info -hIaho/hearsay ././. 214 | 215 | #54 216 | # As the boat stopped Abagi (Oi) said, Aogioso is dead. 217 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay boitOhi/boat/NN abaa/stop/VB -hoI/move -sai/CONDITIONAL aogiosohoagI/Aogioso/NNP i/3fem/PRP oaI/die/VB -xi/state ././. 218 | 219 | #55 220 | # She has died. 221 | i/3fem/PRP oaI/die/VB -so/completive -ai/be -sai/old_info -hIaha/hearsay ././. 222 | 223 | #56 224 | # When the boat stopped he told about it. 225 | boitOhi/boat/NN abaa/stop/VB -hoI/move -so/when i/3/PRP aIt/??tell??/VB aop/move/VB -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 226 | 227 | #57 228 | # Steve then said, yes Aogioso is dead. 229 | i/3fem/PRP oaI/die/VB -so/completive -xai/be aogiOsohoagI/Aogioso/NNP ././. 230 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/10 IOHABI, THE DOG, AND THE SNAKE.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/10 IOHABI, THE DOG, AND THE SNAKE.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/11 ISAGUE AND THE ONCA.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/11 ISAGUE AND THE ONCA.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/11_Isague_onca.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: ISAGUE AND THE ONCA.pdf (Text: Isague and the Onca; Not recorded on tape; Informant: Naboibagi) 2 | 3 | # This story is told by Kaboibagi who was not present at the time the event took place, but is very familiar with what happened as it is discussed regularly. Itihoixoi the one who is attacked by the onca is mentioned once by name, but everyone knows who "he" is. The onca hit him and scratched him, but otherwise he escaped unharmed. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Ipogi heard someone call. 7 | ipOgi/Ipogi/NNP ahaig/sibling/NN A/sound/NN obabI/hear_call/VB -i/?? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 8 | #2 9 | # His mother, Itaha, said, "What was yelled?" 10 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/VB xai/do/VB -sai/old_info itahA/Itaha/NNP ibigaIso/thick_one/NN oOxiai/other/DT Isoi/what/WP aItIgai/yell/VB ././. 11 | #3 12 | # Ipogi, go and see. 13 | ipOgi/Ipogi/NNP gai/com/IN gOi/com/IN i/3/PRP A/??/?? o/eye/NN b/throw/VB aOp/go/VB -A/DECL -bA/?? ././. 14 | #4 15 | # She said, "Ipogi, they said it is an onca." 16 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hiai/hearsay ipOgi/Ipogi/NNP i/3/PRP baOhoipaIi/onca/NN aItiaai/yell/VB ././. 17 | #5 18 | # She said, "Ipogi, thi??e your bow. 19 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ipOgi/Ipogi/NNP gI/2/PRP hOi/bow/NN iig/carry/VB -op/go -A/DECL -pI/?? ././. 20 | #6 21 | # The onca has already grabbed Itahoitoi. 22 | I/animal/NN saxoA/already/RB hI/3/PRP abaI/grab/VB -I/?? baOhoipAii/onca/NN itihoixoI/Itihoixoi/NNP ././. 23 | #7 24 | # She said to Boai, you go too. 25 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay boaI/Boai/NNP gI/2/PRP tip/go/VB -A/DECL -pi/?? ././. 26 | #8 27 | # You must go see him. 28 | hi/3/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -aa/?? op/go/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 29 | #9 30 | # They said it was an onca. 31 | hi/3/PRP baOhoipaI/onca/NN oi/there/RB aItIsai/yell/VB ././. 32 | #10 33 | # She said, "The onca went far." 34 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info i/animal/NN kA/far/RB op/go/VB -A/DECL -pi/?? baOhoipaIi/onca/NN ././. 35 | #11 36 | # It has already grabbed him (Itihoixoi) 37 | i/animal/NN soxoA/already/RB hi/3/PRP abAip/grab/VB -I/?? ././. 38 | #12 39 | # Perhaps it ate the dog he took with him. 40 | I/animal/NN isagi/non_relative/NN ohoa/eat/VB -bA/?? hi/3/PRP xai/do/VB -i/?? Isi/dog/NN ioi/??/IN baaIg/take/VB ahAp/to/IN -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 41 | #13 42 | # The woman said, "Lets go, The onca may get away." 43 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sahai/PROHIBITIVE ipaIhi/woman/NN -O/LOC kaxaO/lets_go/VB i/3/PRP baOhoipaIi/onca/NN kagi/expected_associate/NN aI/do/VB giO/??/?? iig/carry/VB -ohAp/go -i/?? ././. 44 | #14 45 | # He may have seen the dog, and gone after it into the jungle. 46 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB kagi/expected_associate/NN A/??/?? o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -A/?? -ha/?? kagi/expected_associate/NN ahAp/go/VB -i/?? hi/3/PRP giopaI/dog/NN oO/jungle/NN xiai/be/VB ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Itihoixoi said, "Bring your machete to sharpen the arrows." 49 | Is/animal/NN aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay gI/2/PRP xiig/carry/VB -a/DECL -pI/?? tagaaAga/machete/NN iI/3/PRP soka/sharpen/VB -op/go -A/DECL -paA/?? ././. 50 | #16 51 | # The woman was afraid. 52 | hi/3/PRP baiai/fear/NN hi/3/PRP aaga/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT ipoIhi/woman/NN -O/LOC ././. 53 | #17 54 | # He (Itihoixoi) had become tired. 55 | hi/3/PRP aOgaa/tired/JJ hoi/become/VB aaabai/??/?? ././. 56 | #18 57 | # It (onca) hit him in the face. 58 | i/animal/NN -higI/real aOi/face/NN bAog/hit/VB -i/transition_vowel -so/when ././. 59 | #19 60 | # It (onca) bit him. 61 | hi/3/PRP oab/bite/VB -a/decl -hoI/move -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 62 | #20 63 | # It scratched his arm, 64 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP apisA/arm/NN gaitA/scratch/VB -O/LOC ././. 65 | #21 66 | # It scratched his shoulder. 67 | hi/3/PRP boAsoa/shoulder/NN gaitA/scratch/VB -op/go -A/?? -hA/?? -taI/repet ././. 68 | #22 69 | # Then the onca went far away to rest. 70 | 71 | #23 72 | # He (itahoixoi) said, the arrows are all gone. 73 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay kahi/arrow/NN -ab/NEG -Ao/completive -bII/?? ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/12 ITASOI HUNTS FOR TAPIR.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/12 ITASOI HUNTS FOR TAPIR.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/12_Itaisoi_huntstapir.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: ITASOI HUNTS FOR TAPIR.pdf (Text: Itaisoi hunts for Tapir; Cassette No.1; Informant: Tisahai) 2 | 3 | # This is a story about two men and a boy who went fishing at a lagoon up-river. They get some fish, and also saw tapir tracks but were afraid to stay and look for the tapir since they thought they heard wild Indians. Itaisoi makes fun of their fear and says she plans to go up and get the tapir and eat it all alone since they were too afraid to stay and kill it. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Kabogi said, Toiao, eat all the jaraque fish with me. 7 | kabogI/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay toIao/Toiao/NNP i/3/PRP ti/1/PRP ohoa/eat/VB -ab/DUR -aAti/IMPERATIVE taoIhiai/jaraque_fish ././. 8 | #2 9 | # Oi is looking for fish. 10 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP Isi/fish/NN ho/eye/NN aip/??/?? aI/do/VP -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 11 | #3 12 | # He and his relatives are fishing for piranha. 13 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ahai/sibling/NN pIo/also/RB Isi/fish/NN ho/eye/NN a/??/?? ab/remain/VB -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 14 | #4 15 | # For piranha they are fishing. 16 | baixOsi/piranha/NN ai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 17 | #5 18 | # Kabogi said, "I've got a cough, so I won't wait for the tapir." 19 | kabOgi/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ti/1/PRP boa/throat/NN xahoaIi/dry/JJ Is/animal/NN aOab/wait_for/VB -i/transition_vowel -hiab/NEG -aO/so ././. 20 | #6 21 | # I'm going on. 22 | iig/carry/VB -abOp/return -A/DECL -pai/?? ././. 23 | #7 24 | # There are lots of tapir. 25 | kabatiI/tapir/NN is/animal/NN aIbao/much/DT ././. 26 | #8 27 | # They eat the dirt that has salt. 28 | iibIg/dirt/NN ohoi/eat/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay giotigaxai/salt/NN ././. 29 | #9 30 | # Oi said, "Aibigai (Itaisoi's husband) go and look for the tapir." 31 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay oI/Oi/NNP aibIgaI/Aibigai/NNP Ik/it/PRP aabog/look_for/VB -aAti/IMPERATIVE kabatiI/tapir/NN ././. 32 | #10 33 | # There are lots of tapir. 34 | is/animal/NN aIbaO/much/DT ././. 35 | #11 36 | # They are still eating the dirt. 37 | iibIg/dirt/NN ohoi/eat/VB -xiig/cont -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 38 | #12 39 | # Itaisoi said, "I intend to go early and look for the tapir." 40 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay hihIo/early/RB Ik/it/PRP aob/go_see/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT -isai/old_info ././. 41 | #13 42 | # Itaisoi will go all alone in the rotten canoe. 43 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB agaoa/canoe/NN paI/rotten/JJ abaxA/alone/RB -O/LOC boi/cause/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 44 | #14 45 | # She will eat the tapir as she returns. 46 | ik/it/PRP oho/eat/VB ab/remain/VB abOp/return/VB -aI/do -haI/REL_CERT -isaaga/?? ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Yes, Itaisoi will go alone in the canoe. 49 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB agaoa/canoe/NN abaxA/alone/RB -O/LOC boi/cause/VB ././. 50 | #16 51 | # She will hold on the head. 52 | Is/animal/NN apai/head/NN gAob/hold_on -A/DECL ././. 53 | #17 54 | # She will eat the head of the tapir. 55 | apa/head/NN Ohoi/eat/VB -haI/REL_CERT kabatiI/tapir/NN -IsaI/old_info ././. 56 | #18 57 | # Itaisoi goes alone in the canoe. 58 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB agaoa/canoe/NN abaxA/alone/RB -O/LOC xiai/be 59 | #19 60 | # Alone she will look for tapir. 61 | abax/alone/NN -Oa/?? Ik/it/PRP Aob/look_for/VB -A/DECL ././. 62 | #20 63 | # She said, "Only I will eat the tapir on returning." 64 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info abaxaIgio/alone/RB Ik/it/PRP oho/eat/VB ab/remain/VB abOp/return/VB -aI/do -haI/REL_CERT I/animal/NN kabatiI/tapir/NN ././. 65 | #21 66 | # Yes, Kabogi told her of the tracks. 67 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB kabOgI/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP Isao/tracks/NN aIt/tell/VB -aop/move -Isai/old_info ././. 68 | #22 69 | # She said I will hold on to the head as I return. 70 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info sapa/head/NN gAob/hold/VB -ab/DUR abOp/return/VB -aI/do -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP ././. 71 | #23 72 | # Yes Kabogi intends to stay here. 73 | kabOgi/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP ab/remain/VB -iI/INTENT ././. 74 | #24 75 | # He won't hunt for it. 76 | hiab/NEG/RB Aob/look/VB oi/go/VB -koI/EMPH ././. 77 | #25 78 | # Oi said, "Are there people in the jungle?" 79 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay hi/3/PRP abAs/people/NN oi/jungle/NN xaI/do/VB -i/?? -hI/INTER ././. 80 | #26 81 | # I won't sleep. 82 | aI/sleep/VB -hiaba/NEG ././. 83 | #27 84 | # I intend to return. 85 | abOp/return/VB -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 86 | #28 87 | # Itaisoi said, "Is Oi afraid?" 88 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP bai/fear/NN aag/be/VB -oI/INTER ././. 89 | #29 90 | # Well he would not wait for the tapir. 91 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Is/animal/NN aOabi/wait/VB -hiab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT isaihIaga/??/?? ././. 92 | #30 93 | # Well then I'll go alone. 94 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB abaxa/alone/RB -O/LOC abOp/return/VB -aI/do ././. 95 | #31 96 | # She said, "He is afraid." 97 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP baI/fear/NN ai/do/VB ././. 98 | #32 99 | # He would not wait for the tapir. 100 | hi/3/PRP I/animal/NN hoai/give/VB -hiab/NEG -i/transtion_vowel -haI/REL_CERT -isaagA/?? ././. 101 | #33 102 | # Well she will go alone. 103 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB AbaxaI/alone/RB boi/cause/VB -koI/EMPH ././. 104 | #34 105 | # Kabogi said, "I will steal from Itaisoi." 106 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_ifo kabOgI/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP bigAb/steal/VB -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP ././. 107 | #35 108 | # Kabogi said, "I will steal from Itaisoi." 109 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info kabOgI/Kabogi/NNP hi/3/PRP bigAb/steal/VB -i/transtion_vowel -haI/REL_CERT itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP ././. 110 | #36 111 | # Itaisoi wants to eat it alone. 112 | itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP abaxa/alone/RB -O/LOC kohoi/eat/VB -sog/want -iI/INTENT ././. 113 | #37 114 | # Itaisoi says, "Is Oi afraid?" 115 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP bai/fear/NN xaag/be/VB -oI/INTER ././. 116 | #38 117 | # She said, "He did not wait for the tapir." 118 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info saOabi/wait_for/VB -hiaba/NEG ././. 119 | #39 120 | # Only I will go there. 121 | abaxaI/alone/RB boi/cause/VB -haI/REL_CERT gaI/there/IN -xIga/EMPH ././. 122 | #40 123 | # When he want to look for body paint, he found the tracks. 124 | aixiI/body_paint/NN o/eye/NN ag/??/?? -i/?? op/go/VB -aO/when hi/3/PRP IsaO/tracks/NN -apoI/?? aihIop/find/VB -aI/do ././. 125 | #41 126 | # He said, "There are lots of tapir." 127 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_inf -hIai/hearsay kabatiI/tapir/NN is/animal/NN aIbao/much/DT ././. 128 | #42 129 | # The tapir eat the dirt. 130 | ibIg/dirt/NN ohoi/eat/VB -hI/INTER kabatiI/tapir/NN ././. 131 | #43 132 | # He itched looking for body paint. 133 | bigA/itch/VB -xai/do iI/body_paint/NN oag/look/VB -i/?? -op/move -aI/do ././. 134 | #44 135 | # And when he heard a yell, Oi said, are there people here? 136 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP aAob/yell/VB -aO/when -xaI/do hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP abAs/people/NN oi/jungle/NN xaI/be/VB -ihI/INTER /././. 137 | #45 138 | # I won't wait for the tapir then, I'm going. 139 | Is/animal/NN aOab/wait/VB -i/transiton_vowel -hiab/NEG -aO/when a/go/VB -haI/REL_CERT isaihIaga/??/?? ././. 140 | #46 141 | # Oi is very afraid. 142 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP bai/fear/NN ai/be/VB hIaga/??/?? ././. 143 | #47 144 | # Well Kabogi, the younger one, said, "I have a cough." 145 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB kabOgI/Kabogi/NNP pixAagihI/younger/JJR hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ti/1/PRP boa/throat/NN xahoAi/dry/JJ -koI/EMPH ././. 146 | #48 147 | # I will not wait for the tapir. 148 | Is/animal/NN aOab/wait/VB -i/transition_vowel -kab/NEG -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 149 | #49 150 | # I am naked, so I won't wait for the tapir. 151 | gIxasai/naked/JJ -xi/?? Is/animal/NN aOab/wait/VB -i/transition_vowel -hiab/NEG -aO/so ././. 152 | #50 153 | # I'm going. 154 | abOp/go/VB -xaI/do isaihIaga/??/?? 155 | #51 156 | # Yes, instead of waiting, I'm going. 157 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Is/animal/NN aOab/wait/VB -i/transition_vowel -sO/instead abOp/go/VB -aI/do ././. 158 | #52 159 | # Toiao and his relative also stayed to eat piranha. 160 | toIao/Toiao/NNP hi/3/PRP aigI/thus/RB Ahai/sibling/NN pio/also/RB Ik/it/PRP oho/eat/VB -ab/DUR -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay baixOsi/piranha/NN ./././ 161 | #53 162 | # Oi said, "I will save the farinha for my wife." 163 | oI/Oi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay oI/Oi/NNP ti/1/PRP xipOihi/woman/NN asO/save/VB -xi/?? ipoIhi/woman/NN -xIga/EMPH ././. 164 | #54 165 | # Then, however, he mixed it all in with his piranha. 166 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB aogiO/all/DT Is/animal/NN aihiaIp/mix/VB -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay baixOsi/piranha/NN -gI/real ././. 167 | #55 168 | # Itaisoi said, "He will not return to wait for the tapir. 169 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB itaIsoi/Itaisoi/NNP hi/3/PRP Is/animal/NN aOai/wait/VB -ta/repet abOp/go/VB -aI/do -saha/PROHIBITIVE ././. 170 | #56 171 | # Only I will go. 172 | abaxaI/alone/RB boi/cause/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/13 MARTINS VISIT.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/13 MARTINS VISIT.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/13_Martins_visit.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: MARTINS VISIT.pdf (Text: Martins Visit; Cassette No. 1; Informant: Itaibigai) 2 | 3 | # Martins is one of the local regatonistas who comes up the Maice river to trade with the Indians and others. He is notorious for being drunk a great deal of the time, and one time he stopped at the village very very drunk. We encouraged him to stay overnight, as everyone was afraid he would wreck his boat if he continued his journey that night. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Steve said, "Martins must not go at night." 7 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay batIo/Martins/NNP hi/3/PRP ahoa/night/NN -O/LOC ai/do/VB -sahaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 8 | #2 9 | # He has become drunk. 10 | hi/3/PRP pia/drunk/JJ hoI/become/VB ././. 11 | #3 12 | # He must not hit wood (logs) with his boat. 13 | iApai/wood/NN boitOhoi/boat/NN bAob/hit/VB -i/transition_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 14 | #4 15 | # Isabi then said, "He will sleep." 16 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info pagaoakOxoi/Isabi/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move ././. 17 | #5 18 | # Steve wants his customer to sleep. 19 | ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN aIta/sleep/VB -hoi/move -xiI/INTENT -sog/want -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 20 | #6 21 | # Steve wants to look for bananas tomorrow. 22 | ao/foreigner/NN ahoahi/tomorrow/NN -O/LOC ao/foreigner/NN ho/eye/NN -A/?? op/move/VB -i/?? -sog/want -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay poogaIhiai/bananas/NN ././. 23 | #7 24 | # Steve does not intend to send him away. 25 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP hi/3/PRP bIib/??/?? -i/?? -hiab/NEG -iI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 26 | #8 27 | # Steve intends for his customer to sleep. 28 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB bagi/customer?NN aitA/sleep/VB -hoi/move -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 29 | #9 30 | # The Brasilian will go by day. 31 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Aop/go/VB -aAti/IMPERATIVE -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 32 | #10 33 | # He will sleep. 34 | ao/foreigner/NN Atii/sleep/VB ././. 35 | #11 36 | # Yes, by day he will go on. 37 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Op/go -i/?? -aibiga/nearly ././. 38 | #12 39 | # Steve said, "Tomorrow I will look for Bananas." 40 | poogaIhiai/bananas/NN ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ahoahi/tomorrow/NN -O/LOC ao/foreigner/NN ho/eye/NN -a/?? -xA/?? -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 41 | #13 42 | # He sleeps. 43 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 44 | #14 45 | # Yes, he intends to sleep. 46 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiI/INTENT -aibiga/nearly ././. 47 | #15 48 | # He will take out bananas. 49 | poogaIhiai/bananas/NN aIt/sleep/VB -op/go -axA/?? -isai/old_info ././. 50 | #16 51 | # He will sleep. 52 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 53 | #17 54 | # Yes the Brazilian intends to sleep. 55 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB aoI/foreigner/NN batIo/Martins/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB ait/sleep/VB -aI/do -gA/?? -hoI/move -xiI/INTENT -haxA/?? ././. 56 | #18 57 | # Steve says, he sleeps. 58 | ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN xaItii/sleep ././. 59 | #19 60 | # You will sleep! 61 | aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiig/cont -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 62 | #20 63 | # You are drunk. 64 | gIxai/2/PRP piahoI/drunk/JJ ././. 65 | #21 66 | # The boat must not hit wood (logs). 67 | boitOhoi/boat/NN iApai/wood/NN i/3/PRP bAob/hit/VB -i/transition_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE -isai/old_info ././. 68 | #22 69 | # He will sleep. 70 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 71 | #23 72 | # The Brazilian intends to sleep. 73 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 74 | #24 75 | # By day you go, Steve said to his customer. 76 | his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Aop/go -aAti/IMPERATIVE ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN a/sound/NN hoA/use/VB -op/go -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hiAi/hearsay ././. 77 | #25 78 | # By day he will look for bananas. 79 | his/day/NN -O/LOC ao/foreigner/NN ho/eye/NN a/??/?? -xA/?? poogaIhiai/bananas/NN -isai/old_info ././. 80 | #26 81 | # He will sleep. 82 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 83 | #27 84 | # Yes, the Brazilian, Martins, intends to sleep. 85 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB aitA/sleep/VB -a/?? -boI/move -xiI/INTENT batIo/Martins/NNP ././. 86 | #28 87 | # Steve said, "The Brazilian sleeps." 88 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aitIi/sleep/VB ././. 89 | #29 90 | # Martins, you are drunk! 91 | batIo/Martins/NNP gIxai/2/PRP piahoi/drunk/JJ -koI/EMPH ././. 92 | #30 93 | # You go by day! 94 | his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Op/go -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 95 | #31 96 | # There are many logs. 97 | pai/logs/NN saIbA/many/DT -kaahaA/?? ././. 98 | #32 99 | # It's nearly becoming night. 100 | ahoagAa/evening/NN hoI/become/VB -koI/EMPH ././. 101 | #33 102 | # He sleeps. 103 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 104 | #34 105 | # He is nearly asleep? 106 | ait/sleep/VB -aI/do -gA/?? -hoI/move -xiig/cont -Abai/frustrated_initiation -hI/INTER ././. 107 | #35 108 | # By day he will look for bananas. 109 | his/day/NN -O/LOC ao/foreigner/NN ho/eye/NN a/??/?? -xA/?? poogaIbi/bananas/NN ././. 110 | #36 111 | # He sleeps. 112 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 113 | #37 114 | # Yes, the Brazilian intends to sleep. 115 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiI/INTENT -koI/EMPH ././. 116 | #38 117 | # He (Isabi) said, "The Brazilian sleeps." 118 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 119 | #39 120 | # By day (Steve) will look for them (bananas). 121 | his/day/NN -O/LOC ao/foreigner/NN ho/eye/NN a/??/?? -xA/?? ././. 122 | #40 123 | # Well I (the speaker) almost went on board. 124 | aigIa/thus/RB ti/1/PRP pabagA/almost_go/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 125 | #41 126 | # (Isabi) said, "He sleeps." 127 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 128 | #42 129 | # He (Isabi) said, "intends to sleep." 130 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 131 | #43 132 | # Steve said, "Sleep here with me Martins," 133 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiig/cont -A/?? ti/1/PRP batIo/Martins/NNP ././. 134 | #44 135 | # You are drunk. 136 | gIxai/2/PRP pia/drunk/JJ hoI/become/VB -koI/EMPH ././. 137 | #45 138 | # The boat must not hit logs. 139 | boitOhoi/boat/NN iApia/logs/NN bAob/hit/VB -i/transition_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE ././. 140 | #46 141 | # He (Steve) said, "Go to sleep, so he went to sleep in the front of the boat. 142 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aitA/sleep/VB -iIg/cont -A/DECL -hoAg/become -aAti/IMPERATIVE boitOhoi/boat/NN -boO/front aitA/sleep/VB -bOg/cause -AhA/?? taIo/therefore/RB ././. 143 | #47 144 | # Bai nearly went into the front of the boat. 145 | baI/Bai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB boitOhoi/boat/NN -boO/front aba/enter/VB -bog/cause -Abai/frustrated_initiation -hI/INTER ././. 146 | #48 147 | # He entered, however, on top of the Brazilian. 148 | ao/foreigner/NN apoI/top_of/?? aba/enter/VB -gA/?? -hoa/move -gAha/?? taIo/therefore/RB ././. 149 | #49 150 | # He (Isabi) said, "Yes" he said, "He sleeps." 151 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -sai/old_info hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aItIi/sleep/VB ././. 152 | #50 153 | # He will sleep. 154 | aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move ././. 155 | #51 156 | # He will still sleep! 157 | aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiig/cont -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 158 | #52 159 | # It is getting dark. 160 | oI/sky/NN tio/black/JJ abOp/arrive/VB -i/transition_vowel -kaAhaA/?? ././. 161 | #53 162 | # He (Isabi) said, "Martins is angry." 163 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB hi/3/PRP ai/do/VB batIo/Martins/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aOpa/angry/JJ xai/do/VB ././. 164 | #54 165 | # He is nearly to leave. 166 | hi/3/PRP iIg/carry/VB -Op/go -Abai/frustrated_initiation -xai/do ././. 167 | #55 168 | # He (Isabi) said, "Steve's customer nearly becomes angry." 169 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN Aot/angry/JJ -Aop/arrive -Abai/frustrated_initiation -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 170 | #56 171 | # Isabi said, "He will sleep there." 172 | isabi/Isabi/NNP hi/3/PRP g/com/IN -sai/old_info ao/foreinger/NN aItii/sleep/VB ././. 173 | #57 174 | # He will sleep after he goes there. 175 | aiti/sleep/VB gaI/there/RB aitA/sleep -iIg/cont -Op/go -AhA/?? gabai/afterwards/RB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 176 | #58 177 | # Steve said to his customer, stay and sleep. 178 | batIo/Martins/NNP ao/foreigner/NN bagI/customer/NN ao/foreigner g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ait/sleep/VB -aI/do -gA/?? -hoI/move -xiig/cont -A/DECL ././. 179 | #59 180 | # He (Steve) said, "Go by day." 181 | ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Aop/go -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT ././. 182 | #60 183 | # There are lost of logs. 184 | boitOhoi/boat/NN boitOhoi/boat/NN iApai/wood/NN saIbA/many/DT -kaAhaA/?? ././. 185 | #61 186 | # The boat might hit the logs. 187 | boitOhoi/boat/NN i/3/PRP apAob/hit/VB -i/transition_vowel -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 188 | #62 189 | # Yes, sleep. 190 | aigIa/thus/RB aitIi/sleep/VB ././. 191 | #63 192 | # Steve said to his customer, you must sleep. 193 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ao/foreigner/NN aigI/thus/RB aitA/sleep/VB -hoi/move -xiI/INTENT -haI/REL_CERT ././. 194 | #64 195 | # You go to sleep. 196 | ao/foreigner/NN aIta/sleep/VB -op/go -aixi/DECL -xai/do ././. 197 | #65 198 | # He (Steve) said, "Sleep." 199 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aItai/sleep/VB ././. 200 | #66 201 | # By day you go. 202 | his/day/NN -O/LOC iig/carry/VB -Aop/go -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 203 | #67 204 | # The Brazilian is drunk. 205 | ao/foreigner/NN piahoi/drunk/JJ -koI/EMPH ././. 206 | #68 207 | # Yes, he is drunk. 208 | ao/foreigner/NN piahoi/drunk/JJ -xi/?? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay -isai/?? ././. 209 | #69 210 | # The Brazilian sleeps. 211 | ao/foreigner/NN aItii/sleep/VB -xai/do ././. 212 | #70 213 | # Yes, he will sleep. 214 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move ././. 215 | #71 216 | # You are drunk! 217 | gIxaI/2/PRP piahoI/drunk/JJ ././. 218 | #72 219 | # The Brazilian is out of his head. 220 | ao/foreigner/NN AabahIo/crazy/JJ -xi/?? -sai/old_info -hIaga/hearsay ././. 221 | #73 222 | # He (Isabi) says, "He speaks out of his head." 223 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN Aaba/crazy/JJ hoa/use/VB A/sound/NN -ti/?? ././. 224 | #74 225 | # He is out of his head. 226 | ao/foreigner/NN AabahIo/crazy/JJ -xi/?? ././. 227 | #75 228 | # Steve's customer speaks that way. 229 | ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN a/sound/NN hoa/use/VB -i/?? -xi/?? -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay -xi/?? ././. 230 | #76 231 | # He is drunk. 232 | piahoA/drunk/JJ -haxai ././. 233 | #77 234 | # Martins drinks lots of whiskey. 235 | pi/liquid/NN ti/drink/VB -baI/INTENS batIo/Martins/NNP ././. 236 | #78 237 | # He (Isabi), said, "He sleeps." 238 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info ao/foreigner/NN aItIi/sleep/VB -xai/do ././. 239 | #79 240 | # Steve said to his customer, You will stay and sleep there! 241 | isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay aOxiai/there/RB ao/foreigner/NN g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay gIx/2/PRP aitA/sleep -hoI/move -xiig/cont -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 242 | #80 243 | # By day ... Martins you are drunk. 244 | his/day/NN -O/LOC batIo/Martins/NNP gIxai/2/PRP piahoi/drunk/JJ -koI/EMPH ././. 245 | #81 246 | # He sleeps with us. 247 | ao/foreigner/NN aItIi/sleep/VB ao/foreigner/NN aItIsai/??/?? ././. 248 | #82 249 | # You will stay and sleep! 250 | aitA/sleep/VB -hoI/move -xiig/cont -aAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 251 | #83 252 | # Well, that same night, Steves customer nearly went away. 253 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN ahoao/night/NN o/sky/NN aIsigIai/same/JJ ao/foreigner/NN bagi/customer/NN Aba/go_away/VB -xAagI/nearly ././. 254 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/14 MIGIXISTI DIES.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/14 MIGIXISTI DIES.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/14_Migixisti_dies.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: MIGIXISTI DIES.pdf (Text: Migixisitisi Dies; Informant: Itaibigai; Not Recorded) 2 | 3 | # Migixisitisi was one of the tribe leaders, a very well liked and well respected man in the village. He was also one of the best of the language helpers. While we were gone from the tribe once he became very ill and died. His death was caused by some unknown sickness, and the speaker felt that if Linda had been here perhaps he could have been saved. 4 | 5 | # 1 6 | # Bigixisitisi has a different kind of sickness. 7 | bigIxisItisi/Bigixisitisi/NNP hi/3/PRP baAbi/sick/JJ kapiOxiai/another/DT? ././. 8 | # 2 9 | # What is his sickness. 10 | hi/3/PRP baAb/sick/JJ -oxoi/INTER ?/?/? 11 | # 3 12 | # Well Apais husband is already nearly dead. 13 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ko/hey/UH ApaI/Apai/NNP I/3fem/PRP kagi/expected_companion/NN hi/3/PRP aoa/die/VB bAbai/nearly/RB ././. 14 | # 4 15 | # He had the unknown sickness. 16 | hi/3/PRP AbahIoxio/unknown_sickness/NN -xoi/INTER -hI/INTER ././. 17 | # 5 18 | # Well then he was dead. 19 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB koaI/die/VB -si/name -aihIai/hearsay ././. 20 | # 6 21 | # Not many days passed before Bigixiaitisi died. 22 | soxOi/many/DT ti/days/NN -kab/NEG -Ao/when koaI/die/VB -so/when -xai/do bigIxisItisi/Bigixisitisi/NNP ././. 23 | # 7 24 | # Linda was not here. 25 | ab/NEG/RB -I/state ioitAbi/Linda/NNP ././. 26 | # 8 27 | # She was not here. 28 | hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB aI/be/VB ././. 29 | # 9 30 | # I (the speaker) said Linda is not here. 31 | ti/1/PRP xaigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN xai/do/VB -ai/?? hi/3/PRP ab/NEG/RB -i/state -kaAh/IMPORTANT_FACT -aaga/have ././. 32 | # 10 33 | # He is dead now. 34 | hi/3/PRP oaI/die/VB -xi/state pixAi/now/RB ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/15 OPISI GETS A DOG.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/15 OPISI GETS A DOG.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/15_Opisi_getsadog.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: OPISI GETS A DOG.pdf (Text: Opisi gets a dog; Cassette No.1; Informant: Tisahai) 2 | 3 | # This story tells of a dog that Opisi found on the Marmelos. It had been left there by Martins a Brazilian trader. Opisi and Isabi were traveling in two canoes, and Opisi wants Isabi to take the dog so it will not interupt his hunting at night. Isabi agrees, and on the way home the dog smells a rat and puts it into a paka hole. Isabi thought it was a paka but when they dug up the hole he found only a rat. Itaibigai is Isabi's wife, and Toohio is their 6 year old daughter. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Opisi put the dog into the canoe. 7 | opIsi/Opisi/NNP Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 8 | #2 9 | # He said, "Toohio get the dog. 10 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay toOhio/Toohio/NNP Is/animal/NN oAg/come_get/VB -aI/do -tahA/repet -io/?? ././. 11 | #3 12 | # Put the dog into the canoe. 13 | Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -haI/REL_CERT -isai/old_info ././. 14 | #4 15 | # Martins did not remember to take the dog just now. 16 | ao/foreigner/NN batIo/Martins/NNP ao/foreigner/NN Is/animal/NN obaIb/remember/VB -ab/DUR -A/DECL -iIg/cont -AhA/?? tAio/therefore/RB ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB ././. 17 | #5 18 | # He (Opisi) said, "Toohio put the dog in the canoe." 19 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay toOhio/Toohio/NNP Isi/animal/NN hiabO/put_in/VB gi/2/PRP ././. 20 | #6 21 | # It will also go with you. 22 | I/animal/NN pio/also/RB op/go/vB -Ai/do -xiig/cont -I/?? -haI/REL_CERT -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 23 | #7 24 | # He (Opisi) said to Isabi, "I can't hunt." 25 | isabi/Isabi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 26 | #8 27 | # Toohio, come and get the dog. 28 | toOhio/Toohio/NNP Isi/animal/NN hiabO/put_in/VB -gaAti/IMPERATIVE -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 29 | #9 30 | # Well the Brazilian forgot the dog, Opisi said. 31 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN Is/animal/NN obaIb/forget/VB -aI/do g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 32 | #10 33 | # Itaibigai has just put the dog in the canoe. 34 | itaIbIgai/Itaibigai/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info -hI/?? -aaga/be -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 35 | #11 36 | # Opisi said, put the dog with you in the canoe. 37 | hi/3/PRP g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay iOxio/??/IN Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -haI/REL_CERT ././. 38 | #12 39 | # Toohio you take the dog and go. 40 | toOhio/Toohio/NNP Is/animal/NN iig/carry/VB -aOp/move -ai/do -xiig/cont -i/transition_vowel -haI/REL_CERT -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 41 | #13 42 | # Well she put the dog in the canoe. 43 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Isi/animal/NN haibOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 44 | #14 45 | # The Brazilian should not have beat the dog. 46 | ai/??/?? ao/foreigner/NN Is/animal/NN aog/beat/VB -I/?? -xai/do -sahaI/PROHIBITIVE aoI/foreigner/NN Isi/animal/NN ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Well when the Brazilian took the dog he fell. 49 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB sI/animal/NN ig/carry/VB -Ao/when bAob/fell/VB -iig/cont -A/?? -hA/?? ././. 50 | #16 51 | # He wanted to grab at the dog there. 52 | Is/animal/NN oa/hand/NN -b/down -a/vertical -og/want -A/DECL gAi/there/RB -aihI/?? ././. 53 | #17 54 | # The Brazilian was going to take the dog. 55 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB ao/foreigner/NN Isi/animal/NN gaig/take/VB -Ab/DUR -iig/cont -aI/do -haxaI/?? ././. 56 | #18 57 | # He left the dog. 58 | Is/animal/NN obaIb/forget/VB -aI/do -gAhA/?? -xaI/?? ././. 59 | #19 60 | # Well, just as he was taking the dog he fell. 61 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB si/animal/NN gAo/take/VB bAob/fall/VB -iig/cont -AhA/?? tigAo/??/?? oIbagA/place/NN ././. 62 | #20 63 | # Opisi then put the dog in the canoe. 64 | opIsi/Opisi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB opIsi/Opisi/NNP Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 65 | #21 66 | # Then he said, "Toohio put the dog in your canoe." 67 | aI/??/?? hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB g/com/IN A/sound/NN -sai/old_info toOhio/Toohio Isi/animal/NN hiabO/put_in/VB -gaAti/IMPERATIVE ././. 68 | #22 69 | # I intend to hunt. 70 | sI/animal/NN s/??/?? o/eye/NN hoa/use/VB -ab/DUR -iI/INTENT ././. 71 | #23 72 | # I can't hunt with the dog. 73 | sI/animal/NN s/??/?? o/eye/NN hoa/use/VB -I/?? -taop/go -i/transition_vowel -sahaxaI/PROHIBITIVE -isai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 74 | #24 75 | # Put it (dog) in the canoe with you. 76 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB iOxio/??/IN Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 77 | #25 78 | # Toohio, she put the dog in. 79 | toOhoi/Toohio/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB Isi/animal/NN hiabOi/put_in/VB -sai/old_info ././. 80 | #26 81 | # Isabi paddled slowly. 82 | isabi/Isabi/NNP hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB pii/paddle/VB baIhaIhii/slowly/RB ././. 83 | #27 84 | # He hunted animals. 85 | sI/animal/NN s/??/?? o/eye/NN paA/??/?? ././. 86 | #28 87 | # He dug up the ground for a paka. 88 | haop/dig_up/VB -Ab/DUR -abaI/frustrated_completion -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay kaIixihI/paka/NN ././. 89 | #29 90 | # He found a rat. 91 | hixI/rat/NN oA/find/VB -boi/cause -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay ././. 92 | #30 93 | # Yes he returned from hunting. 94 | hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB si/animal/NN s/??/?? o/eye/NN p/??/?? AbOp/arrive/VB -Ap/?? -AbaI/frustrated_completion -sai/old_info -hIai/hearsay -hI/INTER ././. 95 | #31 96 | # Don't you know, is it (the dog) not here? 97 | ko/eye/NN -saI/NEG -sI/?? Ik/it/PRP abahA/NEG/RB -aihI/INTER ././. 98 | #32 99 | # The dog is now with Opisi. 100 | opIsi/Opisi/NNP igiO/com/IN xio/??/IN aagA/be/VB -hA/COMPL_CERT -xai/do ././. 101 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/16 TRIP TO SEE A PLANE.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/16 TRIP TO SEE A PLANE.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/16_plane.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: TRIP TO SEE A PLANE.pdf (Text: Trip to see a plane; Not recorded on tape; Informant: Tisahai) 2 | 3 | # This story was told by Tisahai to Itabigai. Tisahai had been to Porto Velho, and had taken a trip to the airport to look at airplanes. While there she saw soldiers and lots of Brazilians. She and her child saw inside a jet and the steward gave them candy. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Itaibagai there are lots of soldiers. 7 | itaIbIgai/Itaibigai/NNP ao/foreigners/NN aIbA/many/DT sogagai/soldiers/NN ././. 8 | #2 9 | # There are lots of big airplanes. 10 | gahiaO/airplane/NN aIbA/many/DT ogii/big/JJ hi/3/PRP aigIa/thus/RB ././. 11 | #3 12 | # Toohio (her child) will he all alone with Steve went there. 13 | to/Toohio/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB isaitaOgi/Steve/NNP ao/foreigner/NN igiO/com/IN abaxaIgIo/alone/RB hi/3/PRP pio/also/RB hoagA/come/VB ././. 14 | #4 15 | # They gave Toohio lots and lots of candy. 16 | to/Toohio/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB aOgio/all/DT hi/3/PRP A/??/?? hoAob/give/VB -A/DECL boxbOxoi/candy/NN ././. 17 | #5 18 | # Itaibigai there are big airplanes there. 19 | itaIbIgai/Itaibigai/NNP gahiaO/airplane/NN oogi/big/JJ Aaga/be/VB gAi/there/RB ././. 20 | #6 21 | # There are lots of planes. 22 | gahiaO/airplanes/NN aIbIbaaxA/many/DT gahiaO/airplane/NN ././. 23 | #7 24 | # Itaibigai the airplanes there are big. 25 | itaIbIgai/Itaibigai/NNP gahiaO/airplane/NN oogi/big/JJ Aaga/be/VB gAi/there/RB gahiaO/airplane/NN ././. 26 | #8 27 | # There are lots of soldiers. 28 | sogaga/soldiers/NN ao/foreigners/NN aIbaI/many/DT ././. 29 | #9 30 | # Many Brazilians fight. 31 | ao/foreigners/NN aIbaI/many/DT ibAgi/customers/NN ahA/fight/VB taio/therefore/RB ././. 32 | #10 33 | # Only Brazilians go there. 34 | ao/foreigners/NN abaxaI/alone/RB gaA/there/RB hoAg/come/VB -ai/be ././. 35 | #11 36 | # There are lots of soldiers. 37 | sogaga/soldier/NN ao/foreigner/NN aIbaI/many/DT ././. 38 | #12 39 | # An airplane landed there. 40 | gahiaO/airplane/NN hi/3/PRP gIo/com/IN Abaipi/land/VB ././. 41 | #13 42 | # They gave all the candy to Toohio. 43 | to/Toohio/NNP ao/foreigner/NN aigI/thus/RB aogiO/much/DT hi/3/PRP a/??/?? hoAob/give/VB -A/DECL bobOxoi/candy/NN ././. 44 | #14 45 | # There are airplanes. 46 | gai/there/RB hi/3/PRP gahiaO/airplane/NN ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Inside the Brazilians gave him candy. 49 | koo/inside/NN ao/foreigner/NN ai/do/VB aogiO/all/DT hi/3/PRP a/??/?? hoAob/give/VB -A/DECL bobOxoi/candy/NN ././. 50 | #16 51 | # Itaibigai there are lots and lots of planes. 52 | itaibIgai/Itaibigai/NNP gahiaO/airplane/NN aIbA/many/DT gai/there/RB ././. 53 | #17 54 | # There are big jets airplanes there. 55 | gahiaO/airplane/NN gahiaO/airplane/NN ogiaI/big/JJ -i/?? aagA/be/VB koobiai/jet_white_ones/NN gai/there/RB ././. 56 | #18 57 | # There is an airplane sitting path there. 58 | gahiaO/airplane/NN ao/foreigner/NN gahiaO/airplane/NN ak/path/NN ab/sit/VB -ai/do -AagA/be gAi/there/RB ././. 59 | #19 60 | # Itaibigai, the airplanes are big. 61 | itaIbigai/Itaibigai/NNP gahiaO/airplane/NN oogiaI/big/JJ -i/?? ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/17 PORTO VELHO IS BIG.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languageMIT/piraha/e3670288877b36296c4d475f5e54a0396548fa2f/sources/17 PORTO VELHO IS BIG.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/17_Porto_Velho.pa: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SOURCE: PORTO VELHO IS BIG.pdf (Text: Porto Velho is Big; Not recorded on tape; Informant: Tisahai) 2 | 3 | # Tisahai and her husband Apibai were in Porto Velho attending a workshop when this story was told. She was sending it as a letter to others back in the village to tell them some of her impressions. 4 | 5 | #1 6 | # Itaibigai he (Steve) bought a lot of fish. 7 | itaibIgai/Itabigai/NNP i/3/PRP kaAb/much/DT a/do/VB -bog/cause -ahA/?? ././. 8 | #2 9 | # Itaibigai, he (Steve) again bought lots of fish. 10 | itaibIgai/Itabigai/NNP ao/foreigner/NN I/3/PRP kaAb/much/DT a/do/VB -bog/cause -A/DECL -taI/repet ././. 11 | #3 12 | # Yes he just now bought a great deal of fish. 13 | ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB Is/animal/NN oogiO/much/DT hi/3/PRP Is/animal/NN og/want/VB -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 14 | #4 15 | # Itaibigai, it was not just a little bit. 16 | itaibIgai/Itaibigai/NNP hOi/one_few/CD hIoi/be/VB -hiaba/NEG ././. 17 | #5 18 | # You must go see Porto Velho. 19 | potohIo/Porto_Velho/NNP gai/there/RB -goI/com k/it/PRP o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -A/DECL -ba/?? -bai/?? -koI/EMPH ././. 20 | #6 21 | # When Steve buys, he really buys a lot of it. 22 | aoI/foreigner/NN I/3/PRP -so/?? ao/foreigner/NN aigIa/thus/RB k/it/PRP aAbi/much/DT -so/?? hi/3/PRP Is/animal/NN og/buy/VB -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 23 | #7 24 | # Steve also buys farinha. 25 | ao/foreigner/NN xAgaisi/farinha/NN pio/also hi/3/PRP ??/??/?? og/buy/VB -A/?? -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 26 | #8 27 | # Steve does not go hungry. 28 | ao/foreigner/NN aI/do/VB ao/foreigner/NN hi/3/PRP aI/do/VB iaIso/hungry/JJ ai/do/VB -hiaba/NEG ././. 29 | #9 30 | # I almost won't go back. 31 | api/return/VB -hiAb/NEG -AbaI/frustrated_initiation -koI/EMPH ././. 32 | #10 33 | # Itaibigai, there are lots of Brazilians. 34 | itaibIgai/Itaibigai/NNP ao/foreigners/NN aibA/many/DT ././. 35 | #11 36 | # Go and see the Brazilians. 37 | gai/there -gOi/com ao/foreigners/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -I/?? -bA/?? -bA/?? ././. 38 | #12 39 | # There are so many Brazilians. 40 | ao/foreigners/NN aIbA/many/DT hi/3/PRP aI/be/VB ao/foreigners aIbA/many/DT -isai/old_info ././. 41 | #13 42 | # You haven't seen the Brazilians. 43 | ao/foreigners/NN o/eye/NN b/throw ai/do -hiaba/NEG -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 44 | #14 45 | # There are many Brazilians. 46 | ao/foreigners/NN aIbA/many/DT ././. 47 | #15 48 | # Go see them. 49 | gai/there/RB -gOi/com ao/foreigners/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -A/DECL -bA/?? -bA/?? ././. 50 | #16 51 | # Itaibigai there are many Brazilians. 52 | itaibigAi/Itabigai ao/foreigners/NN aIbA/many/DT -hA/COMPL_CERT ././. 53 | #17 54 | # There are many Brazilian houses at Porto Velho. 55 | ao/foreigners/NN kaI/house/NN aIbIbaaxA/many/DT potohIo/Porto_Velho/NNP hi/3/PRP ai/be/VB ././. 56 | #18 57 | # There are many Brazilians. 58 | ao/foreigners/NN aIbA/many/DT -sai/?? ././. 59 | #19 60 | # You have not seen the Brazilians. 61 | ao/foreigners/NN o/eye/NN b/throw/VB -ai/do -hiaba/NEG ././. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sources/Arlo kills a deer, Heinrich.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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