├── contributing.md └── readme.md /contributing.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Contributing 2 | 3 | Thank you for taking the time to contribute! ♥️ Ensure your PR adheres to following guidelines: 4 | 5 | - Search included languages before adding a new one, as yours may be a duplicate. 6 | - Only add languages you think are great! Feel welcome to remove entries that you think aren't great! 7 | - Use the following format: `[Name](link) - Description.` 8 | - Where `link` links to GitHub page of the language if one exists. If not, it should link to official page for the language or Wikipedia entry if neither of those exist. 9 | - The language should be put into its appropriate category. Pick one you think is closest if you are not sure. 10 | - Omit saying `programming language` in `Description` as it is implied. 11 | - Start the description with a capital and end with a full stop. 12 | - Don't start the description with `A` or `An`. 13 | - Check your spelling and grammar. 14 | - New categories or improvements to the existing categorization are welcome. 15 | - You can also add related links and repositories in the end. 16 | 17 | [All suggestions are welcome](../../edit/master/readme.md). 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Programming languages [![Lists](https://img.shields.io/badge/-more%20lists-0a0a0a.svg?style=flat&colorA=0a0a0a)](https://github.com/learn-anything/curated-lists) 2 | 3 | _Please read [contribution guidelines](contributing.md) before contributing._ 4 | 5 | - [Functional](#functional) 6 | - [Lisp](#lisp) 7 | - [Object-Oriented](#object-oriented) 8 | - [Explicit logical parallelism](#explicit-logical-parallelism) 9 | - [Multi paradigm](#multi-paradigm) 10 | - [Funny](#funny) 11 | - [Other](#other) 12 | - [Related](#related) 13 | 14 | ## Functional 15 | 16 | - [Accelerate](https://github.com/AccelerateHS/accelerate) - Embedded language for high-performance array computations. 17 | - [Agda](https://github.com/agda/agda) - Dependently typed functional language. 18 | - [Alice ML](https://github.com/aliceml/aliceml) - Functional programming language based on Standard ML, extended with support for concurrent, distributed, and constraint programming. 19 | - [Amulet](https://github.com/amuletml/amulet) - ML-like functional programming language. 20 | - [Amulet](https://github.com/tmpim/amulet) - Simple functional programming language in the ML tradition, with support for higher-rank parametric polymorphic types and row-polymorphic records, pattern matching with algebraic data types, and tail recursion elimination. 21 | - [Atto](https://github.com/zesterer/atto) - Insanely simple self-hosted functional programming language. 22 | - [Beluga](https://github.com/Beluga-lang/Beluga) - Functional programming language designed for reasoning about formal systems. 23 | - [Bosatsu](https://github.com/johnynek/bosatsu) - Python-ish pure and total functional programming language. 24 | - [Braid](https://github.com/joshsharp/braid) - Functional language with Reason-like syntax that compiles to Go. 25 | - [Bright ML](https://github.com/elpinal/bright-ml) - Statically-typed programming language based on "F-ing modules". 26 | - [Calypso](https://github.com/calypso-lang/calypso) - Mostly imperative language with some functional influences that is focused on flexibility and simplicity. 27 | - [Clio](https://github.com/clio-lang/clio) - Functional, parallel, distributed programming language. ([Web](https://clio-lang.org/)) 28 | - [cur](https://github.com/wilbowma/cur) - Powerful meta-programming for powerful types. 29 | - [Derw](https://github.com/eeue56/derw) - Elm-inspired language that transpiles to TypeScript. 30 | - [Discus](https://github.com/discus-lang/ddc) - Experimental dialect of Haskell which investigates static typing and program transformation in the presence of computational effects. 31 | - [Ditto](https://github.com/ditto-lang/ditto) - Functional, statically typed, and pure. 32 | - [Dynasty](https://github.com/aionescu/dynasty) - Interpreted, dynamically-typed, lazily evaluated, purely functional programming language. 33 | - [Eff](http://www.eff-lang.org/) - Functional language with handlers of not only exceptions, but also of other computational effects such as state or I/O. 34 | - [Effekt](https://github.com/effekt-lang/effekt) - Research language with effect handlers and lightweight effect polymorphism. ([Web](https://effekt-lang.org/)) 35 | - [Enki](https://github.com/ReedOei/Enki) - Intended to be a logic language for teaching programming to people with no programming experience. 36 | - [Eta](https://github.com/typelead/eta) - Dialect of Haskell on the JVM. 37 | - [Eve](https://github.com/witheve/Eve) - Programming language based on years of research into building a human-first programming platform. 38 | - [Expresso](https://github.com/willtim/Expresso) - Simple expressions language with polymorphic extensible row types. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23501981)) 39 | - [F\*](https://fstar-lang.org/#introduction) - General-purpose functional programming language with effects aimed at program verification. 40 | - [F#](https://github.com/dotnet/fsharp) - Open-source, cross-platform functional programming language for .NET. 41 | - [Facet](https://github.com/facet-lang/facet) - Call-by-value functional language with algebraic effects, quantitative type theory, and staging. 42 | - [Fika](https://github.com/fika-lang/fika) - Statically typed functional programming language for the web. 43 | - [Flix](https://github.com/flix/flix) - Statically typed functional- and logic programming language inspired by Scala, OCaml, F#, Haskell, and Datalog. ([Web](https://flix.dev/)) 44 | - [Functa](https://github.com/dragostis/Functa) - Flexible, fully functional dynamic programming language. 45 | - [Futhark](https://github.com/diku-dk/futhark) - Purely functional data-parallel programming language. Its optimising compiler is able to compile it to typically very performant GPU code. 46 | - [Gluon](https://github.com/gluon-lang/gluon) - Static, type inferred and embeddable language written in Rust. 47 | - [Grace](https://github.com/Gabriel439/grace) - Ready-to-fork interpreted, typed, and functional language. 48 | - [Granule](https://github.com/granule-project/granule) - Statically typed functional language with graded modal types for fine-grained program reasoning via types. 49 | - [Haskell](https://www.haskell.org/) - Advanced, purely functional programming language. 50 | - [Hemlock](https://github.com/BranchTaken/Hemlock) - Synthesizes the expressive type and module systems of ML-family languages, a unified parametric effects/mutability/type system, and the shared-nothing message-passing parallelism of Erlang. 51 | - [Ink](https://github.com/thesephist/ink) - Minimal programming language inspired by modern JavaScript and Go, with functional style. ([Ink By Example](https://inkbyexample.com/)) 52 | - [Keli](https://github.com/KeliLanguage/compiler) ([Motivations](https://keli-language.gitbook.io/doc/)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24331635)) 53 | - [Ko](https://github.com/kocircuit/kocircuit) - Generic type-safe language for concurrent, stateful, deadlock-free systems and protocol manipulations. 54 | - [Koka](https://github.com/koka-lang/koka) - Function-oriented language with effect inference. 55 | - [Labrys](https://github.com/kit-ty-kate/labrys) - Toy language based on LLVM that implements the System Fω type-system. 56 | - [lambda-ski](https://github.com/thma/lambda-ski) - Small functional language with a combinator based graph-reduction machine. 57 | - [Lasca](https://github.com/nau) - LLVM-based statically or dynamically typed strict functional programming language. Simplified OCaml if you will. 58 | - [Lawvere](https://github.com/jameshaydon/lawvere) - Categorical programming language with effects. 59 | - [Leo](https://github.com/AleoHQ/leo) - Functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing private applications. 60 | - [LinearML](https://github.com/pikatchu/LinearML) - Functional language for parallel programming. 61 | - [lviv](https://github.com/kwantam/lviv) - Stack-based RPN functional programming language. Written in Scheme. 62 | - [Mlatu](https://github.com/brightly-salty/mlatu) - Statically typed, stack-based purely functional programming language designed for simplicity, speed, and safety. 63 | - [morloc](https://github.com/morloc-project/morloc) - Typed, polyglot, functional language. 64 | - [Nazo ML](https://github.com/cannorin/nml) - Experimental implementation of temporal-logic-based Hindley-Milner type system. 65 | - [Neut](https://github.com/u2zv1wx/neut) - Dependently-typed programming language based on the Calculus of Constructions. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23283880)) 66 | - [Never](https://github.com/never-lang/never) - Statically typed, embedded functional programming language. 67 | - [OCaml](https://ocaml.org/) - Industrial strength language supporting functional, imperative and object-oriented styles. 68 | - [Pikelet](https://github.com/pikelet-lang/pikelet) - Small, functional, dependently typed programming language. 69 | - [Salt](https://github.com/discus-lang/salt) - Compilation target that functional programmers always wanted. 70 | - [Silt](https://github.com/silt-lang/silt) - An in-progress fast, dependently typed, functional programming language implemented in Swift. 71 | - [Sixten](https://github.com/ollef/sixten) - Experimental functional language where all data is unboxed by default. Functional programming with fewer indirections. 72 | - [Spiral](https://github.com/mrakgr/The-Spiral-Language) - Functional language with intensional polymorphism and first-class staging. 73 | - [TAMGU](https://github.com/naver/tamgu) - FIL programming language: Functional, Imperative, Logical all in one for annotation and data augmentation. 74 | - [Tao](https://github.com/zesterer/tao) - Statically-typed functional programming language. 75 | - [TiML](http://adam.chlipala.net/papers/TimlOOPSLA17/) - Functional Language for Practical Complexity Analysis with Invariants. 76 | - [TopShell](https://github.com/topshell-language/topshell) - Purely functional, reactive scripting language. 77 | - [Tyrade](https://github.com/willcrichton/tyrade) - Pure functional language for type-level programming in Rust. 78 | - [Unison](https://github.com/unisonweb/unison) - Modern, statically-typed purely functional language, similar to Haskell, but with a unique ability to describe entire distributed systems with a single program. 79 | - [Unlambda](http://www.madore.org/~david/programs/unlambda/) - Minimal, "nearly pure" functional programming language invented by David Madore. Based on combinatory logic. ([Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlambda)) 80 | - [Ur/Web](https://github.com/urweb/urweb) - Implementation of a domain-specific functional programming language for web applications. 81 | - [Verve](https://github.com/tadeuzagallo/verve-lang) - Functional language for the working hacker. 82 | - [Yeti](https://github.com/mth/yeti) - ML-like functional language for the JVM. ([Web](http://mth.github.io/yeti/)) 83 | - [Zilch](https://github.com/zilch-lang/zilch) - Statically-typed, low-level, functional programming language with some focus on runtime performance. 84 | 85 | ## Lisp 86 | 87 | - [Carp](https://github.com/carp-lang/Carp) - Statically typed lisp, without a GC, for real-time applications. ([Snippets](https://github.com/carpentry-org/snippets)) 88 | - [Clojure](https://github.com/JeffBezanson/femtolisp) - Dynamic, general-purpose, combining the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. 89 | - [Common Lisp](https://lisp-lang.org/) - Modern, multi-paradigm, high-performance, compiled, ANSI-standardized, most prominent (along with Scheme) descendant of the long-running family of Lisp programming languages. 90 | - [Emacs Lisp](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/eintr/index.html) - dialect of the Lisp programming language used as a scripting language by Emacs with some later influence from Common Lisp. Created by GNU it supports imperative and functional programming methods. 91 | - [femtolisp](https://github.com/JeffBezanson/femtolisp) - Lightweight, robust, scheme-like lisp implementation. 92 | - [Fennel](https://github.com/bakpakin/Fennel) - Lua Lisp Language. 93 | - [Hime](https://github.com/hime-lang/Hime) - A general programming language running on the JVM platform. 94 | - [Janet](https://github.com/janet-lang/janet) - Functional and imperative programming language and bytecode interpreter. 95 | - [Ketos](https://github.com/murarth/ketos) - Lisp dialect scripting and extension language for Rust programs. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28616475)) 96 | - [Liz](https://github.com/dundalek/liz) - Lisp-flavored general-purpose programming language (based on Zig). 97 | - [llrl](https://github.com/yubrot/llrl) - Lisp-like programming language powered by Rust + LLVM. 98 | - [Lux](https://github.com/LuxLang/lux) - Functional, statically-typed Lisp that will run on several platforms, such as the Java Virtual Machine and JavaScript interpreters. 99 | - [PicoLisp](https://picolisp.com/wiki/) - Simple and lightweight and encourages clean, concise code. 100 | - [Ren](https://github.com/ren-lang/compiler) - Cleaner, clearer JavaScript. Modern scripting language for the Web. 101 | - [Urn](https://urn-lang.com/) - Lisp implementation for Lua. ([Code](https://github.com/SquidDev/urn)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/qzubyo/urn_lisp_implementation_for_lua)) 102 | 103 | ## Object-Oriented 104 | 105 | - [Inko](https://github.com/YorickPeterse/inko) - Statically-typed, safe, object-oriented programming languages for writing concurrent programs. 106 | - [Pharo](https://github.com/pharo-project/pharo) - A pure object-oriented programming language and a powerful environment derived from Squeak Smalltalk. 107 | - [Smalltalk-72](https://smalltalkzoo.thechm.org/HOPL-St72.html) - A pure message-oriented programming language and its environment implemented in '72 to test Alan Kay's idea of "programming by messaging". 108 | 109 | ## Explicit logical parallelism 110 | 111 | - [Ceu](https://github.com/ceu-lang/ceu) - Reactive language that aims to offer a higher-level and safer alternative to C. ([Web](http://www.ceu-lang.org/)) 112 | - [Estérel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterel) - Synchronous reactive language that allows simple expression of parallelism and preemption and is based on logical instants and zero time hypothesis. ([Web](http://www-sop.inria.fr/meije/esterel/esterel-eng.html)) 113 | - [FuncSug](https://github.com/cl4cnam/funcSug) - Language for GUI programming that allows program codes to follow the same order as the scenario. 114 | - [Pendulum](https://github.com/remyzorg/pendulum) - Synchronous reactive language (OCaml extension) to program reactive systems on the Web. 115 | - [Reactive ML](https://github.com/reactiveml/rml) - Synchronous reactive language that combines the temporal expressiveness of synchronous languages with the power of functional programming.([Web](https://reactiveml.org/)) 116 | - [SugarCubes](https://github.com/LordManta/SugarCubesJS) - Synchronous (à la Boussinot) reactive language that allows to write reactive parallel/concurrent programs on top of sequential JavaScript. 117 | 118 | ## Multi paradigm 119 | 120 | - [Ada](https://ada-lang.io/) - General-purpose, strongly typed, performant, readable and safe language. 121 | - [Ante](https://antelang.org/) - Low-level functional language for exploring refinement types, lifetime inference, and other fun features. ([Code](https://github.com/jfecher/ante)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31775216)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/02tu4z/ante_low_level_functional_language)) 122 | - [C]() - General-purpose, imperative, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations. 123 | - [Chaos](https://github.com/chaos-lang/chaos) - Strongly typed, dynamic yet compilable, test-oriented procedural programming language that achieves zero cyclomatic complexity. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22940265)) 124 | - [D](https://dlang.org/) - General-purpose programming language with static typing, systems-level access, and C-like syntax. 125 | - [Go](https://github.com/golang/go) - Compiled, statically typed in the tradition of Algol and C, with garbage collection, limited structural typing, memory safety features and CSP-style concurrent programming features added. 126 | - [Haxe](https://github.com/HaxeFoundation/haxe) - High-level and strictly-typed, cross-compiles to many different targets. 127 | - [JavaScript](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript) - High-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted. 128 | - [Julia](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia) - High-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing. 129 | - [Nim](https://github.com/nim-lang/nim) - Both high-level and systems-level language, with productivity of Python, performance of C and meta-programming of Lisp. 130 | - [Objective C](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective-C) - General-purpose and object-oriented, adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. 131 | - [Python](https://github.com/python/cpython) - Interpreted high-level language for general-purpose programming. 132 | - [Ring](https://github.com/ring-lang/ring) - Innovative and practical general-purpose multi-paradigm language. 133 | - [Swift](https://github.com/apple/swift) - General-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language. 134 | - [TypeScript](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript) - Strict syntactical superset of JavaScript that adds optional static typing to the language. 135 | 136 | ## Funny 137 | 138 | - [ArnoldC](https://github.com/lhartikk/ArnoldC) - Programming language based on the one-liners of Arnold Schwarzenegger. 139 | - [C-plus-Equality](https://github.com/ErisBlastar/cplusequality) - Feminist programming language. 140 | - [dogescript](https://github.com/dogescript/dogescript) - Wow so syntax very doge much future. 141 | 142 | ## Other 143 | 144 | - [ABS](https://github.com/abs-lang/abs) - Programming language that works best when you're scripting on your terminal. 145 | - [Acton](https://github.com/actonlang/acton) - Compiled language, offering the speed of C but with a considerably simpler programming model. 146 | - [Alan](https://github.com/alantech/alan) - Programming language that does concurrency for you and can thus separate how the software is written from how it runs. 147 | - [Antimony](https://github.com/antimony-lang/antimony) - Language that gets out of your way. ([Docs](https://antimony-lang.github.io/antimony/)) 148 | - [Arturo](https://github.com/arturo-lang/arturo) - Simple, modern and powerful interpreted programming language for efficient scripting. ([Web](http://arturo-lang.io/)) 149 | - [Astro](https://github.com/astrolang/astro) - Fun safe language for rapid prototyping and high performance applications. 150 | - [Austral](https://github.com/austral/austral) - Systems language with linear types. 151 | - [Bagel](https://github.com/brundonsmith/bagel) - Statically typed, reactive language with pure and impure functions. ([Article](https://www.brandons.me/blog/the-bagel-language)) 152 | - [Ballerina](https://github.com/ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang) - Open-source programming language for the cloud that makes it easier to use, combine, and create network services. ([Web](https://ballerina.io/)) 153 | - [Basil](https://github.com/basilTeam/basil) - Fast and flexible language exploring partial evaluation, context-sensitive parsing, and metaprogramming. Compiles JIT or AOT to native code. 154 | - [Beef](https://github.com/beefytech/Beef) - Open source performance-oriented compiled programming language which has been built hand-in-hand with its IDE environment. 155 | - [BIPLAN](https://github.com/gioblu/BIPLAN) - Byte coded Interpreted Programming language. 156 | - [BlazeX](https://github.com/BlazifyOrg/blazex) - AOT compiled object oriented programming language. 157 | - [Bog](https://github.com/Vexu/bog) - Small, strongly typed, embeddable language. Written in Zig. 158 | - [Bolt](https://github.com/mukul-rathi/bolt) - Research language with finer-grained concurrency than Rust. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23122973)) 159 | - [Boson](https://github.com/Narasimha1997/boson-lang) - Hybrid programming language written in Rust. 160 | - [Bosque](https://github.com/Microsoft/BosqueLanguage) - Experiment in regularized design for a machine assisted rapid and reliable software development lifecycle. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23175280)) 161 | - [Butter](https://github.com/neverRare/butter) - Aims to be a concise and friendly language for building efficient software. 162 | - [buzz](https://github.com/giann/buzz) - Small/lightweight typed scripting language written in Zig. 163 | - [Cairo](https://github.com/starkware-libs/cairo-lang) - Programming language for writing provable programs. ([Web](https://www.cairo-lang.org/)) 164 | - [Caledon](https://github.com/mmirman/caledon) - Dependently typed, polymorphic, higher order logic programming language. 165 | - [Cane](https://github.com/Jackojc/cane) - A small vector language designed for making beats with realtime MIDI. 166 | - [Cant](https://github.com/darius/cant) - Programming language descended mainly from E and Scheme. 167 | - [Charity](http://pll.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/charity1/www/home.html) - Categorical programming language. ([Code](https://github.com/mietek/charity-lang)) 168 | - [Ć](https://github.com/pfusik/cito) - Language which can be translated automatically to C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, Swift, TypeScript and OpenCL C. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28805825)) 169 | - [Ciao](https://github.com/ciao-lang/ciao) - Programming language that builds up from a logic-based simple kernel, and is designed to be extensible and modular. 170 | - [Clay](https://github.com/jckarter/clay) - Programming language designed for Generic Programming. 171 | - [CLU](https://codelani.com/languages/clu.html) - Programming language created at MIT. 172 | - [Cognate](https://github.com/stavromulabeta/cognate) - Quasi-concatenative stack language that uses embedded comments to read like English prose. 173 | - [Compose](https://github.com/samskivert/compose) - Experimental programming language. It aims to be teachable, scalable, modern, powerful & precise. 174 | - [Concurnas](https://concurnas.com/) - Open source JVM programming language designed for building reliable, scalable, high performance concurrent, distributed and parallel systems. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23321096)) 175 | - [Cone](https://github.com/jondgoodwin/cone) - Fast, fit, friendly, and safe systems programming language. ([Web](https://cone.jondgoodwin.com/)) 176 | - [Copper](https://tibleiz.net/copper/index.html) - Experimental programming language that can be used as a replacement to C and C++. 177 | - [Cotowali](https://github.com/cotowali/cotowali) - Statically typed scripting language that transpile into POSIX sh. 178 | - [Crunch](https://github.com/Kixiron/crunch-lang) - Strongly & statically typed systems level language focused on ease of use, portability and speed. 179 | - [CUP](https://github.com/mustafaquraish/cup) - Simple, C-like programming language. 180 | - [DaCE](https://github.com/spcl/dace) - Data-Centric Parallel Programming. 181 | - [daScript](https://dascript.org/) - High-performance statically strong typed scripting language. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24166505)) 182 | - [Dictu](https://github.com/dictu-lang/Dictu) - High-level dynamically typed, multi-paradigm, interpreted programming language. ([Docs](https://dictu-lang.com/)) 183 | - [Dip](http://www.dip-lang.org/) - Dynamically typed interpreted programming language written in Python, which gives emphasis to readability and ease of use, while also providing the power of all of python’s libraries. ([Code](https://github.com/raghavnautiyal/Dip)) 184 | - [Disco](https://github.com/disco-lang/disco) - Functional teaching language for use in a discrete mathematics course. 185 | - [Ditto](https://github.com/ditto/ditto) - Super Kawaii Dependently Typed Programming Language. 186 | - [Dora](https://github.com/dinfuehr/dora) - JIT-compiler for the programming language Dora implemented in Rust. 187 | - [Egison](https://www.egison.org/) - Programming language that features extensible efficient non-linear pattern matching with backtracking for non-free data types. ([Code](https://github.com/egison/egison)) 188 | - [Ein](https://github.com/ein-lang/ein) - Functional programming language for scalable development. 189 | - [Ella](https://github.com/lukechu10/ellalang) - Computer programming language interpreter written in Rust. 190 | - [Elsa](https://github.com/elsaland/elsa) - Minimal, fast and secure QuickJS wrapper written in Go. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24626655)) 191 | - [Emojicode](https://www.emojicode.org/) - Open-source, full-blown programming language consisting of emojis. ([Code](https://github.com/emojicode/emojicode)) 192 | - [Enso](https://github.com/enso-org/ide) - Visual and textual functional programming language. 193 | - [EO](https://github.com/cqfn/eo) - Experimental Object-Oriented Programming Language Based on 𝜑-Calculus. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28423328)) 194 | - [FaCT](https://github.com/PLSysSec/FaCT) - Flexible and Constant Time Programming Language. 195 | - [Factor](https://factorcode.org/) - Practical stack language. ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/sv9jw7/factor_programming_language)) 196 | - [fe](https://github.com/rxi/fe) - Tiny, embeddable language implemented in ANSI C. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22785137)) 197 | - [Felix](https://github.com/felix-lang/felix) - Advanced, statically typed, high performance scripting language with native C++ embedding. 198 | - [F--](https://github.com/raviqqe/fmm) - Uncurried minimal functional programming language. 199 | - [Flax](https://github.com/flax-lang/flax) - Level, general-purpose language with high level syntax and expressibility. 200 | - [Foolang](https://github.com/nikodemus/foolang) - Smalltalk-inspired language. ([Web](https://foolang.org/#/)) 201 | - [Fractran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRACTRAN) - Turing-complete esoteric programming language invented by the mathematician John Conway. ([Notes](https://wiki.xxiivv.com/site/fractran.html)) ([Fractran Interpreter](https://merveilles.town/web/statuses/105357795783765822)) 202 | - [Ghost](https://github.com/ghost-language/ghost) - Small, class-based scripting language. ([Web](https://ghostlang.org/)) 203 | - [GLICOL](https://github.com/chaosprint/glicol) - Graph-oriented live coding language written in Rust. Make music with code. ([Web](https://glicol.org/)) 204 | - [Gosu](https://gosu-lang.github.io/) - Pragmatic language for the JVM. ([Code](https://github.com/gosu-lang/gosu-lang)) 205 | - [Gravity](https://marcobambini.github.io/gravity/#/) - Embeddable programming language. ([Code](https://github.com/marcobambini/gravity)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23467289)) 206 | - [Gwion](https://github.com/Gwion/Gwion) - Strongly-timed language aimed at music creation. Heavily inspired by ChucK. 207 | - [Hamler](https://www.hamler-lang.org/) - Haskell-style functional programming language running on Erlang VM. ([Code](https://github.com/hamler-lang/hamler)) ([Article](https://www.emqx.io/news/open-source-functional-programming-language-hamler)) 208 | - [Hare](https://harelang.org/) - Systems programming language designed to be simple, stable, and robust. ([Code](https://sr.ht/~sircmpwn/hare/)) 209 | - [Hascal](https://github.com/hascal/hascal) - General purpose and open source programming language designed to build optimal, maintainable, reliable and efficient software. 210 | - [Hazure](https://github.com/azur1s/hazure) - ML-Inspired programming language that transpiles to Typescript. 211 | - [Hedy](https://github.com/Felienne/hedy) - Gradual programming language, which increases in syntactic elements level by level. ([Web](https://www.hedycode.com/)) 212 | - [Hexagony](https://esolangs.org/wiki/Hexagony) - Two-dimensional stack-based programming language. ([Hexagony IDE](https://hexagony.net/)) 213 | - [Hook](https://github.com/hook-lang/hook) - Cross-platform scripting language with a C-like syntax, dynamic typing, mutable value semantics approach, and memory management through reference counting. 214 | - [Horse64](https://github.com/horse64/core.horse64.org) - Simple & versatile high-level programming language. ([Web](https://horse64.org/)) 215 | - [Hugorm](https://github.com/nilq/hugorm) - Mission-critical scripting language. 216 | - [Husky](https://github.com/ancient-software/husky) - Programming language designed for many difficult tasks which haven't yet been seen as programmable at all. 217 | - [\_hyperscript](https://github.com/bigskysoftware/_hyperscript) - Small scripting language for the web. 218 | - [Icon](https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ftp/doc/lb1up.pdf) - Programming language with a focus on string manipulation. ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/qendox/icon_programming_language)) 219 | - [Inko](https://gitlab.com/inko-lang/inko) - Statically-typed, safe, object-oriented programming language for writing concurrent programs. 220 | - [IntercalScript](https://github.com/Storyyeller/IntercalScript) - Systems programming language for the web that combines a simple and consistent syntax with a static type system that completely eliminates runtime type errors. 221 | - [io](https://github.com/IoLanguage/io) - Programming language. Inspired by Self, Smalltalk and LISP. ([Web](https://iolanguage.org/)) 222 | - [Jai](https://github.com/BSVino/JaiPrimer/blob/master/JaiPrimer.md) - High-level programming language developed by Jonathan Blow. 223 | - [jakt](https://github.com/awesomekling/jakt) - Memory-safe systems programming language. Currently transpiles to C++. 224 | - [Kara](https://github.com/1whatleytay/kara) - Statically typed, LLVM-based programming language. It's designed to be fast and easy to use. 225 | - [Kara](https://github.com/MaxDesiatov/Kara) - Experimental programming language inspired by Swift and Idris. 226 | - [Kempe](https://github.com/vmchale/kempe) - Compiled stack-based language. 227 | - [Kernel](https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~jshutt/kernel.html) - Conservative, Scheme-like dialect of Lisp in which everything is a first-class object. 228 | - [Kinx](https://github.com/Kray-G/kinx) - Looks like JavaScript, feels like Ruby, and it is the script language fitting in C programmers. 229 | - [Kitten](http://kittenlang.org/) - Statically typed, stack-based functional programming language designed to be simple and fast. ([Code](https://github.com/evincarofautumn/kitten/)) 230 | - [Koto](https://github.com/koto-lang/koto) - Embeddable scripting language, written in Rust. 231 | - [Kuljet](https://kuljet.com/) - Language for writing database-backed HTML applications. ([Code](https://github.com/KMahoney/kuljet)) 232 | - [L2](https://github.com/murisi/L2) - Minimalist type-inferred programming language with procedural macro support. 233 | - [Lama](https://github.com/JetBrains-Research/Lama) - Programming language developed by JetBrains Research for educational purposes as an exemplary language to introduce the domain of programming languages, compilers and tools. 234 | - [Lia](https://github.com/willcrichton/lia) - High-Level Language for Rust. 235 | - [liblg](https://github.com/codr7/liblg) - Minimal stack-based VM. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24388687)) 236 | - [Lobster](http://strlen.com/lobster/) - General purpose stand-alone programming language that comes with a built-in library suitable for making games and other graphical things. 237 | - [LoLa](https://github.com/MasterQ32/LoLa) - Small programming language meant to be embedded into games. ([Web](https://lola.random-projects.net/)) 238 | - [Lore](https://github.com/marcopennekamp/lore) - General-purpose programming language featuring multi-functions, structs and traits, structural typing enabling component-based programming, and intersection and semantic types. 239 | - [Luau](https://roblox.github.io/luau/) - Fast, small, safe, gradually typed embeddable scripting language derived from Lua. ([FAQ](https://gist.github.com/zeux/bb646a63c02ff2828117092036d2d174)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24059432)) 240 | - [Luf](https://github.com/Luukdegram/luf) - Statically typed, embeddable, scripting language written in Zig. 241 | - [Luna](https://luna-lang.org/) - Data processing and visualization environment. 242 | - [Lush](http://lush.sourceforge.net/) - Object-oriented programming language designed for researchers, experimenters, and engineers interested in large-scale numerical and graphic applications. 243 | - [Luster](https://github.com/kyren/luster) - Experimental Lua VM implemented in pure Rust. 244 | - [Luxury](https://github.com/strawberryhacker/luxury) - Statically programming language which is targeting embedded programming. 245 | - [Lys](https://github.com/lys-lang/lys) - Language that compiles to WebAssembly. 246 | - [Makam](https://github.com/astampoulis/makam) - Tool for rapid language prototyping. 247 | - [Makeshift](https://github.com/MasterQ32/makeshift) - Programming language that was designed to bootstrap the Ashet Home Computer. 248 | - [Manticore](https://github.com/ManticoreProject/manticore) - High-level parallel programming language aimed at general-purpose applications running on multi-core processors. ([Web](http://manticore.cs.uchicago.edu/)) 249 | - [Mare](https://github.com/jemc/mare) - Reimagining of the Pony language in Crystal. 250 | - [Mech](https://github.com/mech-lang/mech) - Language for developing data-driven, reactive systems like animations, games, and robots. ([Web](http://mech-lang.org/)) 251 | - [Metamine](https://github.com/ymte/metamine) - Completely declarative programming language. 252 | - [micro-mitten](https://github.com/doctorn/micro-mitten) - Bare-bones Rust-like programming language, stripped down to simplify control-flow structures and the type system. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23113661)) 253 | - [min](https://github.com/h3rald/min) - Tiny concatenative programming language and shell. 254 | - [MiniAgda](https://github.com/andreasabel/miniagda) - Prototypical dependently typed languages with sized types and variances. 255 | - [Mint](https://www.mint-lang.com/) - Refreshing programming language for the front-end web. ([Code](https://github.com/mint-lang/mint)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/78fixr/mint_refreshing_programming_language)) 256 | - [Monkey in Go](https://github.com/bradford-hamilton/monkey-lang) 257 | - [Monkey in Rust](https://github.com/bradford-hamilton/monkey_lang_rust) 258 | - [Monkey in TypeScript](https://github.com/bradford-hamilton/monkey_lang_rust) 259 | - [Mu](https://github.com/akkartik/mu) - Minimal-dependency hobbyist computing stack. 260 | - [Mun](https://github.com/mun-lang/mun) - Programming language empowering creation through iteration. 261 | - [Muon](https://github.com/nickmqb/muon) - Modern low-level programming language. 262 | - [Myst](https://github.com/myst-lang/myst) - Structured, dynamic, general-purpose language. 263 | - [Nelua](https://github.com/edubart/nelua-lang) - Minimal, efficient, statically-typed and meta-programmable systems programming language heavily inspired by Lua, which compiles to C and native code. ([Web](https://nelua.io/)) 264 | - [Neon](https://neon-lang.dev/) - High-level, statically typed, garbage collected, imperative programming language intended for teaching and learning the craft of programming. ([Code](https://github.com/ghewgill/neon-lang)) 265 | - [Neptune](https://github.com/Srinivasa314/neptune-lang) - Fast, concurrent and embeddable scripting language. 266 | - [Nixt](https://github.com/Wafelack/nixt) - Interpreted lisp inspired programming language written in Rust. 267 | - [nullc](https://github.com/WheretIB/nullc) - Fast C-like programming language with advanced features. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29342301)) 268 | - [Oak](https://github.com/adam-mcdaniel/oakc) - Portable programming language with an compact intermediate representation. 269 | - [Oak](https://oaklang.org/) - Expressive, simple, dynamic programming language. ([Code](https://github.com/thesephist/oak)) 270 | - [Odin](https://github.com/odin-lang/Odin) - Fast, concise, readable, pragmatic and open sourced. It is designed with the intent of replacing C. 271 | - [Ogol](https://github.com/fcanas/ogol) - Variant of the Logo computer language. 272 | - [Oxide](https://github.com/tuqqu/oxide-lang) - Interpreted scripting language with a Rust influenced syntax. 273 | - [Paka](https://github.com/FastVM/paka) 274 | - [Passerine](https://github.com/vrtbl/passerine) - Small, concise, extensible functional scripting language, powered by a VM written in Rust. ([Web](https://www.passerine.io/)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26212491)) 275 | - [Pen](https://pen-lang.org/) - Programming language for scalable development. ([Code](https://github.com/pen-lang/pen)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28590209)) 276 | - [Peregrine](https://github.com/peregrine-lang/Peregrine) - Easy to use systems programming language with Python-like syntax. 277 | - [Pocketlang](https://github.com/ThakeeNathees/pocketlang) - Small, fast and friendly language for scripting and embedding. ([Web](https://thakeenathees.github.io/pocketlang/)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27588842)) 278 | - [Pointless](https://github.com/pointless-lang/pointless) - Scripting language for learning and fun. ([Web](https://ptls.dev/)) 279 | - [Pony](https://www.ponylang.io/) - Open-source, object-oriented, actor-model, capabilities-secure, high-performance programming language. ([Code](https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc)) 280 | - [Power-Fx](https://github.com/microsoft/Power-Fx) - Low-code general purpose programming language. ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26324347)) 281 | - [PowerShell](https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell) - Cross-platform strongly dynamic typed object-based with functional features automation and configuration language. 282 | - [Pyret](https://www.pyret.org/) - Python like scripting language. ([Code](https://github.com/brownplt/pyret-lang)) 283 | - [Pyxell](https://github.com/adamsol/Pyxell) - Multi-paradigm, statically typed programming language, compiled to machine code via C++. ([Docs](https://www.pyxell.org/docs/manual.html)) 284 | - [q](https://github.com/akyoto/q) - Programming language focusing on performance and efficiency. 285 | - [Radiance](https://github.com/shortercode/Radiance) - Simple language that compiles to WASM. 286 | - [RaptorJIT](https://github.com/raptorjit/raptorjit) - Dynamic language for system programming (LuaJIT fork). 287 | - [Red](https://github.com/red/red) - Strongly inspired by Rebol, but with a broader field of usage thanks to its native-code compiler, from system programming to high-level scripting and cross-platform reactive GUI. ([Web](https://www.red-lang.org/p/about.html)) 288 | - [Rhai](https://github.com/jonathandturner/rhai) - Embedded scripting language for Rust. 289 | - [Rune](https://github.com/rune-rs/rune/) - Embeddable dynamic programming language for Rust. ([Docs](https://rune-rs.github.io/rune/)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/9duro8/rune_programming_language)) 290 | - [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) - Multi-paradigm, high-level, general-purpose programming language designed for performance and safety, especially safe concurrency. 291 | - [Scale](https://github.com/StonkDragon/Scale) - Open Source stack-based concatenative programming language. 292 | - [Self](https://selflanguage.org/) - Prototype-based dynamic object-oriented programming language, environment, and virtual machine. ([Code](https://github.com/russellallen/self)) 293 | - [Shattuck](https://github.com/whoiscc/shattuck) - Rust-based script programming language. 294 | - [Shen/C](https://github.com/otabat/shen-c) - C port of the Shen programming language. 295 | - [Shen/Go](https://github.com/tiancaiamao/shen-go) - Go port of the Shen language. 296 | - [Shiika](https://github.com/yhara/shiika) - Statically-typed programming language. Looks like Ruby, but has explicit type annotations. 297 | - [Silk](https://github.com/AjayMT/silk) - Small system programming language. Flexible and simple as C, but more pleasant to write. ([Web](https://ajaymt.github.io/silk/)) 298 | - [Skew](https://github.com/evanw/skew) - Web-first, cross-platform programming language with an optimizing compiler. ([Code](https://github.com/evanw/skew)) 299 | - [Skip](https://github.com/skiplang/skip) - Programming language to skip the things you have already computed. 300 | - [SmallDragon](https://github.com/pointbazaar/smalldragon) - Simple, statically typed programming language that can be transpiled to C. ([Web](https://smalldragon.org/)) 301 | - [Smudge](https://github.com/smudgelang/smudge) - Domain-specific language for state machines. 302 | - [SourcePawn](https://github.com/alliedmodders/sourcepawn) - Small and fast typed language for embedding in host applications. 303 | - [Starlark in Rust](https://github.com/facebookexperimental/starlark-rust) - Deterministic language inspired by Python3, used for configuration in the build systems Bazel and Buck. 304 | - [StarShip](https://github.com/larsaugustin/StarShip) - Interpreted, strongly typed, and functional programming language written in Swift. 305 | - [Taichi](https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi) - Productive programming language for portable, high-performance, sparse & differentiable computing. ([Web](https://www.taichi-lang.org/)) 306 | - [Tau](https://github.com/NicoNex/tau) - Open source interpreted programming language designed to be minimal, fast and efficient. 307 | - [Tengo](https://github.com/d5/tengo) - Fast script language for Go. 308 | - [ThinScript](https://github.com/evanw/thinscript) - Low-level programming language inspired by TypeScript. 309 | - [tin](https://github.com/dflemstr/tin) - Statically structurally typed JIT-compiled programming language, mainly for embedding in other programs. 310 | - [Titan](https://github.com/titan-lang/titan) - New programming language, designed to be a statically-typed, ahead-of-time compiled sister language to Lua. 311 | - [Tokay](https://tokay.dev/) - Imperative, procedural programming language dedicated to parsing and other text-processing tasks. ([Code](https://github.com/tokay-lang/tokay)) 312 | - [TypeLang](https://github.com/ronami/typelang) - Tiny language interpreter implemented purely in TypeScript's type-system. 313 | - [Umka](https://github.com/vtereshkov/umka-lang) - Statically typed embeddable scripting language. 314 | - [Vale](https://vale.dev/) - Fast, safe, and easy programming language. It uses single ownership with constraint references for memory safety without garbage collection, and an emphasis on modern, readable syntax. ([Code](https://github.com/ValeLang/Vale)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23865674)) ([HN 2](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25160202)) 315 | - [Val](https://github.com/val-lang/val) - Open source, general-purpose programming language designed around on the concept of (mutable) value semantics. 316 | - [Verona](https://github.com/microsoft/verona) - Research programming language to explore the concept of concurrent ownership. 317 | - [V](https://vlang.io/) - Fast, safe, compiled language. 318 | - [Virgil](https://github.com/titzer/virgil) - Fast and lightweight native programming language designed for fast, dependency-free programs. ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/lisdkp/virgil_fast_lightweight_native)) 319 | - [vizh](https://github.com/TartanLlama/vizh) - Esoteric visual language that takes image files as input based on a multi-tape turing machine, designed for compatibility with C. 320 | - [Volt](https://github.com/VoltLang/Volta) - Systems level programming language written in D. 321 | - [Wasp](https://github.com/wasp-lang/wasp) - Web Application Specification Language. Extensible DSL (domain-specific language) for building modern web apps with less code. ([Web](https://wasp-lang.dev/)) ([HN](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26091956)) 322 | - [wax](https://github.com/LingDong-/wax) - Tiny language that transpiles to C, Java and TypeScript. ([Web](https://waxc.netlify.app/)) 323 | - [wenyan](https://wy-lang.org/) - Esoteric programming language that closely follows the grammar and tone of classical Chinese literature. 324 | - [Whiley](http://whiley.org/) - Programming Language with Extended Static Checking. ([Code](https://github.com/Whiley/WhileyCompiler)) 325 | - [wlang](https://github.com/rsms/wlang) 326 | - [Wren](https://github.com/wren-lang/wren) - Small, fast, class-based concurrent scripting language. ([Web](https://wren.io/)) ([Lobsters](https://lobste.rs/s/7tzgrc/wren_classy_little_scripting_language)) 327 | - [Wuffs](https://github.com/google/wuffs) - Memory-safe programming language (and a standard library written in that language) for wrangling untrusted file formats safely. 328 | - [Wu](https://github.com/wu-lang/wu) - Practical game and data language. ([Docs](https://wu-lang.gitbook.io/guide/)) 329 | - [XL](https://github.com/c3d/xl) - Extensible programming language designed to accomodate a variety of programming needs with ease. 330 | - [Yatta](https://github.com/yatta-lang/yatta) - Minimalistic, opiniated, (strongly) dynamically typed, strict, functional programming language, with ML-like syntax, for GraalVM. 331 | - [Yuescript](http://yuescript.org/doc/) - Dynamic language that compiles to Lua. ([Code](https://github.com/pigpigyyy/Yuescript)) 332 | - [Zeta](https://github.com/zeta-lang/zeta) - Scripting language designed for efficiency, enabling dynamic extension and modification of high performance software. 333 | - [Zig](https://github.com/zig-lang/zig) - Robust, optimal, and clear programming language. 334 | 335 | ## Related 336 | 337 | - [List of programming languages that are actively developed on GitHub](https://github.com/collections/programming-languages) 338 | 339 | [![CC4](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-CC4-0a0a0a.svg?style=flat&colorA=0a0a0a)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 340 | [![Lists](https://img.shields.io/badge/-more%20lists-0a0a0a.svg?style=flat&colorA=0a0a0a)](https://github.com/learn-anything/curated-lists) 341 | [![Contribute](https://img.shields.io/badge/-contribute-0a0a0a.svg?style=flat&colorA=0a0a0a)](contributing.md) 342 | [![Twitter](http://bit.ly/latwitt)](https://twitter.com/learnanything_) 343 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------