├── .gitignore ├── Dockerfile ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── composer.json ├── phpunit.xml ├── src └── wccta │ ├── Car.php │ ├── Factory.php │ ├── FooterInterface.php │ ├── Locale.php │ ├── Plugin.php │ └── Registry.php ├── tests └── wccta │ ├── CarTest.php │ ├── FactoryTest.php │ ├── PluginTest.php │ ├── RegistryTest.php │ └── WcctaTestCase.php └── wordpress-plugins-phpunit.php /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .phpunit.result.cache 2 | composer.lock 3 | .idea/ 4 | vendor/ 5 | reports/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | FROM php:7.2-alpine 2 | 3 | RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps $PHPIZE_DEPS \ 4 | && pecl install xdebug-2.7.0 \ 5 | && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug \ 6 | && apk del -f .build-deps -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Unittests for WordPress plugins (without WP) 2 | 3 | Repository for my workshop at [WordCamp Catania 2019](https://2019.catania.wordcamp.org/) 4 | 5 | _Optional, but you might need to [get docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/) installed:_ 6 | 7 | ``` 8 | sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io 9 | ``` 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | ## Step 1 14 | 15 | I assume you have [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/) installed. Let's install [PHPUnit](https://phpunit.de/) first: 16 | 17 | ``` 18 | composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit ^8.3 19 | ``` 20 | 21 | Please, check also the [requirements](https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.3/installation.html#requirements)! 22 | 23 | > PHPUnit 8.3 requires at least PHP 7.2! By the way - security support for PHP 7.1 ends on 1st of December 2019. 24 | 25 | _Hint_: You don't have **Composer** installed? Try this! 26 | 27 | ``` 28 | docker run --rm -it -v $PWD:/app -u $(id -u):$(id -g) composer install 29 | ``` 30 | 31 | ## Step 2 32 | 33 | There are at least two valid frameworks that come handy when you plan to test WordPress extensions: 34 | 35 | - [WP_Mock](https://github.com/10up/wp_mock) 36 | - [Brain Monkey](https://brain-wp.github.io/BrainMonkey/) 37 | 38 | Let's try **Brain Monkey**: 39 | 40 | ``` 41 | composer require --dev brain/monkey:2.*` 42 | ``` 43 | 44 | This will automatically install also [Mockery](http://docs.mockery.io/en/latest/) and [Patchwork](http://patchwork2.org/). Just execute `composer install` and you are good to go. 45 | 46 | ## Step 3 47 | 48 | Create a directory that will give a home to a small test-class named _WcctaTest.php_: 49 | 50 | ``` 51 | mkdir -p tests/wccta 52 | ``` 53 | 54 | Excellent! Now let's create a *phpunit.xml* configuration file in the root directory. 55 | 56 | > You could also decide to run your tests with the configuration parameters from the command-line. See the next part (hint: 'scripts')! 57 | 58 | Great! Add some sections to the *composer.json* file: 59 | 60 | - **name**: that's the project's name for packagist.org 61 | - **description**: that's the description for packagist.org 62 | - **type**: defines the code as WordPress plugin 63 | - **autoload**: Let's use a PSR-4 autoloader! 64 | - **scripts**: now you can just type `composer test` 65 | 66 | ## Step 4 67 | 68 | Let's create a directory that will give a home to our source-code. This is the place where you'll put a first class that you'll test soon. 69 | 70 | ``` 71 | mkdir -p src/wccta && touch src/wccta/Plugin.php 72 | rm -f tests/wccta/WcctaTest.php && touch tests/wccta/PluginTest.php 73 | touch wordpress-plugins-phpunit.php 74 | ``` 75 | 76 | We want to test some methods of the class `Plugin`. Imagine a method called `is_loaded` that returns `true` on success. When you are ready, execute: 77 | 78 | ``` 79 | composer test 80 | ``` 81 | 82 | _Hint_: Your system or PHP version is not up to date? You could just skip this step but let's try something [not so] new! 83 | 84 | ``` 85 | docker run -it --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app php:7.3-alpine php ./vendor/bin/phpunit 86 | ``` 87 | 88 | You can probably imagine that some plugins will have lots of classes and that you can easily forget to test all the functionalities that need testing. 89 | 90 | So, let's talk about __Coverage__! 91 | 92 | Just add a custom command to the scripts-section in your *composer.json*: 93 | 94 | ``` 95 | "coverage": "./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-html ./reports/php/coverage" 96 | ``` 97 | 98 | and a filter to your *phpunit.xml*: 99 | 100 | ``` 101 | 102 | 103 | ./src 104 | 105 | 106 | ``` 107 | 108 | Now just execute `composer coverage`! This will create a directory `./reports/php/coverage` together with some html-files. Well, not on all computers. Some will still get error-messages like: 109 | 110 | ``` 111 | Error: No code coverage driver is available 112 | ``` 113 | 114 | Let's fix that in our docker-image. I prepared a _Dockerfile_ so that you can just execute: 115 | 116 | ``` 117 | docker build -t coverage . 118 | ``` 119 | 120 | And after the build process has been finished: 121 | 122 | ``` 123 | docker run -it --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app coverage:latest php ./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-html ./reports/php/coverage 124 | ``` 125 | 126 | _Now you know Kung Fu!_ Please, open the file _./reports/php/coverage/index.html_ in your browser! 127 | 128 | ## Step 5 129 | 130 | Let's wire our `Plugin`-class to the plugin. Before we really go into testing, I'll just show you how to declare parts of your codes as not to test. 131 | 132 | ``` 133 | @codeCoverageIgnore 134 | ``` 135 | 136 | This is one of the important [annotations](https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.3/annotations.html) that are available. We'll get back to this later, but first: 137 | 138 | _Run the unittests with the coverage-report again!_ 139 | 140 | You did maybe notice the column `CRAP` in the coverage report. _CRAP_ is an acronym for **change risk anti-patterns**. It indicates how risky a change of code in a class or method can be. You can lower the risk (and therefore the index) with less complex code **and** full coverage with tests. 141 | 142 | ## Step 6 143 | 144 | Let's start to test something. But what? There is still no further functionality written that needs testing. 145 | 146 | Here comes [TDD](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_driven_development) (Test Driven Development) into the game. 147 | 148 | Even if you decide _not_ to use this technique, you should at least know what we are talking about. 149 | 150 | Let's first create a Test `CarTest` that should test if the method `get_price` returns the string `'€ 14.500'`. Then create a Class `Car` and write the method `get_price` that **satisfies** the test. Don't start with the implementation. 151 | 152 | At this point let me introduce also the testing pattern **AAA** (Arrange Act Assert) which is widely accepted in **TDD**. It describes how to arrange a test and is very similar to **GWT** (Given When Then) from [BDD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior-driven_development) (Behavior-driven Development). 153 | 154 | ## Step 7 155 | 156 | You can test your classes if they throw exception in certain conditions. 157 | Let's now implement the `get_price`-method. 158 | 159 | Just create a class `Registry` that sets a mixed value as a named item in an internal array. Use a method `set()` or the magic method `__set()` for this. 160 | First of all assume that we can pass a JSON-object to our `Car`-class. This will give our class a bit more value. 161 | 162 | Another method `get` or `__get()` should check if an item with a given exists and return it on success. If there is no such item, throw an `\OutOfBoundsException`. 163 | Now write a constructor that handles the JSON input and stores the object in a member-var `data`. The `get_price`-method should take the price from the `data` var and take care of the formatted output. 164 | 165 | Check branch _step-10_ out if you have a hard time to write the code! 166 | The variable `price` should be an integer. This is probably no problem right now because you can use the PHP-function `number_format()` to create the correct output. But in a _WordPress_ installation you'll expect to have the locale set, to `it_IT` (Italian) for example. 167 | 168 | ## Step 8 169 | 170 | The correct way to format numbers in _WordPress_ is the use of the function `number_format_i18n()`. 171 | 172 | So let's change that and see what happens: 173 | 174 | `Error: Call to undefined function wccta\number_format_i18n()` 175 | 176 | We will fix this in a second, but let's prepare this a bit first. **Brain Monkey** uses the `setUp()` and `tearDown()` provided by **PHPUnit**. You can [override those methods](https://brain-wp.github.io/BrainMonkey/docs/wordpress-setup.html). Let's create a custom `TestCase` - name it `WcctaCase` - that we can extend because we'll do this probably in every test-class. 177 | 178 | Now let's include the namespace for tests in the section autoload-dev: 179 | 180 | ``` 181 | "autoload-dev": { 182 | "psr-4": { 183 | "tests\\wccta\\": "tests/wccta" 184 | } 185 | }, 186 | ``` 187 | 188 | Finally, let's change the parent of our test-classes. 189 | 190 | ``` 191 | class CarTest extends WcctaTestCase { // ... } 192 | ``` 193 | 194 | We are ready to mock our first _WordPress_-function with 195 | 196 | ``` 197 | Functions\expect( $name_of_function )->andReturn( $value ); 198 | ``` 199 | 200 | ## Step 9 201 | 202 | Writing a test for just one expectation seems too much effort. What if you want to test against different values? 203 | 204 | Dataprovider to the rescue. I already talked about annotations in step 5. This one is also very useful: 205 | 206 | @dataprovider method_that_returns_data 207 | 208 | Have a look at my example. `getData` returns an array of arrays. Each of these arrays contains 3 values. Our `test_getPrice`-method can so not only accept the dataprovider with the annotation, but it can also define the input-vars as parameters. 209 | 210 | ## Step 10 211 | 212 | You can test your classes if they throw exception in certain conditions. 213 | 214 | Just create a class `Registry` that sets a mixed value as a named item in an internal array. Use a method `set()` or the magic method `__set()` for this. 215 | 216 | Another method `get` or `__get()` should check if an item with a given key exists and returns it on success. If there is no such item, throw an `\OutOfBoundsException`. 217 | 218 | Check branch _step-10_ out if you have a hard time to write the code! 219 | 220 | ## Step 11 221 | 222 | The last steps brought us to _Factories_. What is a factory? Sometimes you create functions or methods that simply hide the complex process to create a specific object. And sometimes you have to decide which type of object you want to create. 223 | 224 | In WordPress plugins I prefer to add hooks in factories to objects. There are plugins that add hooks in class-constructors. This is not a good thing (especially when you still test the classic way -creating a complete environment with WordPress up and running). 225 | 226 | Let's create a class `Factory` with a static function named `create`. This method should return a `Car` object. But let's refactor the constructor of `Car` so that it expects already an object and no JSON-string. We will do this in the create-method of the `Factory`-class instead. 227 | 228 | Test your plugin now with `composer test` and you'll see some errors: 229 | 230 | `TypeError: Argument 1 passed to wccta\Car::__construct() must be an object, string given, called in ...` 231 | 232 | We should correct our tests too... 233 | 234 | Excellent! Let's create a test for our Factory. We will let the method without any content for now. Run the tests again! 235 | 236 | ``` 237 | There was 1 risky test: 238 | 239 | 1) tests\wccta\FactoryTest::test_create 240 | This test did not perform any assertions 241 | ``` 242 | 243 | The tests pass but you get the message that there was a risky test. By the way: Name the function `test_create` just `create` and use the annotation `@test`. I believe that the use of that annotation depends on your personal taste! 244 | 245 | ## Step 12 246 | 247 | We will now dive a bit deeper into this. 248 | 249 | Create an interface `FooterInterface` that defines a public method `info` which won't expect any return value. Implement the interface in `Car`, `info` could - for example - output a funny message. 250 | 251 | Define the return type `FooterInterface` for the `create`-method of `Factory` and add the `info`-method of `Car` to the WordPress-Action `wp_footer`. 252 | 253 | Now let's test this in the `FactoryTest`. There are at least two ways to test this properly. Use [has_action](https://brain-wp.github.io/BrainMonkey/docs/wordpress-hooks-added.html) or `Actions\expectAdded()`. A test for filters would be similar and is well described on the linked page. 254 | 255 | Check if `composer test` still passes all tests. 256 | 257 | ## Step 13 258 | 259 | How is the coverage right now? Execute `composer coverage` and check the generated output. 260 | 261 | The `info`-method of our `Car`-class is not covered by any test. But can we test the output of a method? 262 | 263 | Turns out it is quite easy with [expectOutputString](https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.3/writing-tests-for-phpunit.html?highlight=expectOutputString). 264 | 265 | ## Finale 266 | 267 | Let's celebrate what we learned! 268 | 269 | Create a class `Locale` that has a public method `get` that returns `get_locale()`. Exclude the method from coverage! 270 | 271 | Now create a constructor in our `Plugin`-class that accepts a `Locale`-instance and store it in a member-var `$this->locale`. Create then a method `get_region_code` that returns the value of `$this->locale->get()`. Ah, and remove the `is_loaded`-method. ;) 272 | 273 | In our test we could create an object of type `Locale`, mock the WordPress-function `get_locale` and pass it to the `Plugin`-constructor! But I want tuse Mocker here: 274 | 275 | ``` 276 | public function test_get_region_code() { 277 | $code = 'it_IT'; 278 | $locale = \Mockery::mock( Locale::class ); 279 | $locale->shouldReceive( 'get' )->andReturn( $code ); 280 | 281 | $sut = new Plugin( $locale ); 282 | 283 | $this->assertEquals( $code, $sut->get_region_code() ); 284 | } 285 | ``` 286 | 287 | **Now you can go and make your WordPress-plugins bulletproof!** 288 | 289 | _Have fun!_ 290 | 291 | 292 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /composer.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "name": "wccta/wordpress-plugins-phpunit", 3 | "description": "Unittests for WordPress plugins (without WP)", 4 | "type": "wordpress-plugin", 5 | "require-dev": { 6 | "phpunit/phpunit": "^8.3", 7 | "brain/monkey": "2.*" 8 | }, 9 | "autoload": { 10 | "psr-4": { 11 | "wccta\\": "src/wccta" 12 | } 13 | }, 14 | "autoload-dev": { 15 | "psr-4": { 16 | "tests\\wccta\\": "tests/wccta" 17 | } 18 | }, 19 | "scripts": { 20 | "test": "./vendor/bin/phpunit", 21 | "coverage": "./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-html ./reports/php/coverage" 22 | }, 23 | "require": { 24 | "ext-json": "*" 25 | } 26 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /phpunit.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ./tests/ 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ./src 10 | 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/wccta/Car.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | data = $data; 11 | } 12 | 13 | public function get_price() { 14 | $price = $this->data->price ?? 0; 15 | 16 | return sprintf( '€ %s', number_format_i18n( $price ) ); 17 | } 18 | 19 | public function info(): void { 20 | echo "When I grow up I'll be a Ferrari.", PHP_EOL; 21 | } 22 | 23 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/wccta/Factory.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | locale = $locale; 11 | } 12 | 13 | /** 14 | * @codeCoverageIgnore 15 | */ 16 | public static function create(): self { 17 | $locale = new Locale(); 18 | 19 | return new self( $locale ); 20 | } 21 | 22 | public function get_region_code() { 23 | return $this->locale->get(); 24 | } 25 | 26 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/wccta/Registry.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | vars[ $key ] = $val; 33 | } 34 | 35 | /** 36 | * @param string $key 37 | * 38 | * @return mixed 39 | */ 40 | public function __get( string $key ) { 41 | if ( isset( $this->vars[ $key ] ) ) { 42 | return $this->vars[ $key ]; 43 | } 44 | 45 | throw new \OutOfBoundsException( $key ); 46 | } 47 | 48 | } 49 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/wccta/CarTest.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | andReturn( $string_price ); 24 | 25 | $obj = (object) [ 'price' => $int_price ]; 26 | $sut = new Car( $obj ); 27 | 28 | // Act 29 | $actual = $sut->get_price(); 30 | 31 | // Assert 32 | $this->assertEquals( $expected, $actual ); 33 | } 34 | 35 | public function test_info() { 36 | $string = "When I grow up I'll be a Ferrari." . PHP_EOL; 37 | $obj = new \stdClass(); 38 | $sut = new Car( $obj ); 39 | 40 | $this->expectOutputString( $string ); 41 | $sut->info(); 42 | } 43 | 44 | } 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/wccta/FactoryTest.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 14500 ] ); 18 | $sut = ( new Factory() )->create( $data ); 19 | 20 | // $this->assertTrue( has_action('wp_footer', [ $sut, 'info' ] ) ); 21 | $this->assertInstanceOf( Car::class, $sut ); 22 | } 23 | 24 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/wccta/PluginTest.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | shouldReceive( 'get' )->andReturn( $code ); 14 | 15 | $sut = new Plugin( $locale ); 16 | 17 | $this->assertEquals( $code, $sut->get_region_code() ); 18 | } 19 | 20 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/wccta/RegistryTest.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | expectException( \OutOfBoundsException::class ); 13 | 14 | $test->a; 15 | } 16 | 17 | public function test_set() { 18 | $test = new Registry(); 19 | $test->a = 'b'; 20 | 21 | $this->assertEquals( 'b', $test->a ); 22 | } 23 | 24 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/wccta/WcctaTestCase.php: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |