├── web ├── service.yaml └── deployment.yaml ├── .gitignore ├── db └── postgresql.yaml ├── README.md └── LICENSE /web/service.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | apiVersion: v1 3 | kind: Service 4 | metadata: 5 | name: kds-service 6 | spec: 7 | ports: 8 | - port: 8080 9 | selector: 10 | name: kds-service 11 | type: LoadBalancer 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Binaries for programs and plugins 2 | *.exe 3 | *.exe~ 4 | *.dll 5 | *.so 6 | *.dylib 7 | 8 | # Test binary, build with `go test -c` 9 | *.test 10 | 11 | # Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE 12 | *.out 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /web/deployment.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | apiVersion: v1 3 | kind: Deployment 4 | metadata: 5 | name: kds-service 6 | spec: 7 | replicas: 3 8 | revisionHistoryLimit: 2 9 | 10 | # Give each kds-service some time before considering it healthy. 11 | # This is to prevent a service that crashes on startup from getting rolled 12 | # out to all replicas. Set maxUnavailable to 0 and maxSurge to 1 to enable 13 | # a quasi-canary style deployment. 14 | minReadySeconds: 10 15 | strategy: 16 | rollingUpdate: 17 | maxUnavailable: 0 18 | maxSurge: 1 19 | template: 20 | metadata: 21 | labels: 22 | name: kds-service 23 | spec: 24 | containers: 25 | - name: kds-service 26 | image: marccarre/kds-service:v1.0.0 27 | args: 28 | - --db-uri=postgres://postgres@kds-postgresql:5432/users?sslmode=disable 29 | - --db-passwd-file=/home/service/.credentials/postgres-password 30 | - --db-migrations-dir=/home/service/migrations 31 | - --http-port=8080 32 | ports: 33 | - containerPort: 8080 34 | readinessProbe: 35 | httpGet: 36 | path: /healthz 37 | port: 8080 38 | initialDelaySeconds: 10 39 | periodSeconds: 10 40 | livenessProbe: 41 | httpGet: 42 | path: /healthz 43 | port: 8080 44 | initialDelaySeconds: 10 45 | periodSeconds: 60 46 | volumeMounts: 47 | - name: kds-postgresql 48 | mountPath: /home/service/.credentials 49 | readOnly: true 50 | volumes: 51 | - name: kds-postgresql 52 | secret: 53 | secretName: kds-postgresql 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /db/postgresql.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | --- 3 | # Source: postgresql/templates/secrets.yaml 4 | apiVersion: v1 5 | kind: Secret 6 | metadata: 7 | name: kds-postgresql 8 | labels: 9 | app: postgresql 10 | chart: postgresql-0.15.0 11 | release: kds 12 | heritage: Tiller 13 | type: Opaque 14 | data: 15 | 16 | postgres-password: "Q3FrWThJZHFFYw==" 17 | --- 18 | # Source: postgresql/templates/configmap.yaml 19 | apiVersion: v1 20 | kind: ConfigMap 21 | metadata: 22 | name: kds-postgresql 23 | labels: 24 | app: postgresql 25 | chart: postgresql-0.15.0 26 | release: kds 27 | heritage: Tiller 28 | data: 29 | --- 30 | # Source: postgresql/templates/pvc.yaml 31 | kind: PersistentVolumeClaim 32 | apiVersion: v1 33 | metadata: 34 | name: kds-postgresql 35 | labels: 36 | app: postgresql 37 | chart: postgresql-0.15.0 38 | release: kds 39 | heritage: Tiller 40 | spec: 41 | accessModes: 42 | - "ReadWriteOnce" 43 | resources: 44 | requests: 45 | storage: "8Gi" 46 | --- 47 | # Source: postgresql/templates/svc.yaml 48 | apiVersion: v1 49 | kind: Service 50 | metadata: 51 | name: kds-postgresql 52 | labels: 53 | app: postgresql 54 | chart: postgresql-0.15.0 55 | release: kds 56 | heritage: Tiller 57 | spec: 58 | type: ClusterIP 59 | ports: 60 | - name: postgresql 61 | port: 5432 62 | targetPort: postgresql 63 | selector: 64 | app: postgresql 65 | release: kds 66 | --- 67 | # Source: postgresql/templates/deployment.yaml 68 | apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 69 | kind: Deployment 70 | metadata: 71 | name: kds-postgresql 72 | labels: 73 | app: postgresql 74 | chart: postgresql-0.15.0 75 | release: kds 76 | heritage: Tiller 77 | spec: 78 | selector: 79 | matchLabels: 80 | app: postgresql 81 | release: kds 82 | strategy: 83 | type: Recreate 84 | template: 85 | metadata: 86 | labels: 87 | app: postgresql 88 | release: kds 89 | spec: 90 | containers: 91 | - name: kds-postgresql 92 | image: "postgres:9.6.2" 93 | imagePullPolicy: "" 94 | args: 95 | env: 96 | - name: POSTGRES_USER 97 | value: "postgres" 98 | # Required for pg_isready in the health probes. 99 | - name: PGUSER 100 | value: "postgres" 101 | - name: POSTGRES_DB 102 | value: "users" 103 | - name: POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS 104 | value: "" 105 | - name: PGDATA 106 | value: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata 107 | - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD 108 | valueFrom: 109 | secretKeyRef: 110 | name: kds-postgresql 111 | key: postgres-password 112 | - name: POD_IP 113 | valueFrom: { fieldRef: { fieldPath: status.podIP } } 114 | ports: 115 | - name: postgresql 116 | containerPort: 5432 117 | livenessProbe: 118 | exec: 119 | command: 120 | - sh 121 | - -c 122 | - exec pg_isready --host $POD_IP 123 | initialDelaySeconds: 60 124 | timeoutSeconds: 5 125 | failureThreshold: 6 126 | readinessProbe: 127 | exec: 128 | command: 129 | - sh 130 | - -c 131 | - exec pg_isready --host $POD_IP 132 | initialDelaySeconds: 5 133 | timeoutSeconds: 3 134 | periodSeconds: 5 135 | resources: 136 | requests: 137 | cpu: 100m 138 | memory: 256Mi 139 | 140 | volumeMounts: 141 | - name: data 142 | mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata 143 | subPath: postgresql-db 144 | volumes: 145 | - name: data 146 | persistentVolumeClaim: 147 | claimName: kds-postgresql 148 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Kubernetes deployment strategies & databases 2 | 3 | ## Instructions 4 | 5 | ### Create a Kubernetes cluster 6 | 7 | - Install [minikube](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/#installation) & start your local cluster. 8 | 9 | ### Install Weave Cloud 10 | 11 | - Go to [cloud.weave.works](https://cloud.weave.works). 12 | - Click on "_+Connect a cluster_". 13 | - Select "_Kubernetes_" and then "_Minikube_". 14 | - Run the command provided. 15 | - Wait for all agents to start & connect to Weave Cloud. This may take a few minutes. 16 | - Click "_View your cluster_" 17 | 18 | ### Enable GitOps 19 | 20 | - Click on "_Deploy_" and then "_Configure_". 21 | - Fork this repository. 22 | - Configure "_Deploy_" to point to your repository & follow the instructions. 23 | 24 | Once done, Weave Cloud will synchronise your Kubernetes cluster with your repository. 25 | You should eventually see in your Kubernetes cluster a PostgreSQL DB and a web service using it: 26 | 27 | ```console 28 | $ kubectl get po 29 | NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE 30 | kds-postgresql-84798fd5f-gmbl4 1/1 Running 0 20s 31 | kds-service-847fb558b8-00001 1/1 Running 0 20s 32 | kds-service-847fb558b8-00002 1/1 Running 0 20s 33 | kds-service-847fb558b8-00003 1/1 Running 0 20s 34 | ``` 35 | 36 | That's all folks! Welcome to GitOps with Weave Cloud! 37 | 38 | ### Test our deployment 39 | 40 | At this stage, we have deployed `kds-service:v1.0.0` which can store users' first names and family names. 41 | We package database migrations within the `kds-service`pod, therefore our database's schema has been automatically created during the rollout of the service: 42 | 43 | ```console 44 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00001 45 | level=info msg="upgrading DB schema..." currentVersion=0 targetVersion=1 46 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00002 47 | level=info msg="nothing to do: DB already at or above the target schema version" currentVersion=1 targetVersion=1 48 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00003 49 | level=info msg="nothing to do: DB already at or above the target schema version" currentVersion=1 targetVersion=1 50 | ``` 51 | 52 | Let's try it out! 53 | 54 | ```console 55 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" | jq 56 | [] 57 | 58 | $ curl -i -X POST \ 59 | -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 60 | --data '{"firstName":"Luke","familyName":"Skywalker"}' \ 61 | "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" 62 | 63 | HTTP/1.1 201 Created 64 | Location: /users/1 65 | Content-Length: 0 66 | 67 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" | jq 68 | [ 69 | { 70 | "id": 1, 71 | "firstName": "Luke", 72 | "familyName": "Skywalker" 73 | } 74 | ] 75 | 76 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users/1" | jq 77 | { 78 | "id": 1, 79 | "firstName": "Luke", 80 | "familyName": "Skywalker" 81 | } 82 | ``` 83 | 84 | Great, we have successfully: 85 | 86 | - created a new user & saved it in our database, 87 | - read all users back (just one for now), 88 | - read only the user we created. 89 | 90 | ### Enable Continuous Delivery 91 | 92 | Next, we will enable Continuous Delivery in Weave Cloud: 93 | 94 | - Go to [cloud.weave.works](https://cloud.weave.works). 95 | - Click on "_Deploy_", select `kds-service` and then click "_Automate_". 96 | 97 | After a few seconds, Weave Cloud will detect the latest version of `kds-service`, `v1.1.0` and will deploy it automatically. 98 | As we are doing GitOps, note that this change is reflected in your Git repository. 99 | 100 | ### Test our deployment 101 | 102 | At this stage, we have deployed `kds-service:v1.1.0` which can store users' first names, family names, **and ages**. 103 | Again, since we package database migrations within the `kds-service`pod, our database's schema has been automatically upgraded during the rollout of the newer version of our service, with an additional `age` column in our `users` table. 104 | 105 | ```console 106 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-57677f44d7-00001 107 | level=info msg="upgrading DB schema..." currentVersion=1 targetVersion=2 108 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-57677f44d7-00002 109 | level=info msg="nothing to do: DB already at or above the target schema version" currentVersion=2 targetVersion=2 110 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-57677f44d7-00003 111 | level=info msg="nothing to do: DB already at or above the target schema version" currentVersion=2 targetVersion=2 112 | ``` 113 | 114 | Let's try it out! 115 | 116 | ```console 117 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" | jq 118 | [ 119 | { 120 | "id": 1, 121 | "firstName": "Luke", 122 | "familyName": "Skywalker", 123 | "age": 0 124 | } 125 | ] 126 | 127 | $ curl -i -X POST \ 128 | -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 129 | --data '{"firstName":"Obi-Wan","familyName":"Kenobi","age":40}' \ 130 | "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" 131 | 132 | HTTP/1.1 201 Created 133 | Location: /users/2 134 | Content-Length: 0 135 | 136 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users" | jq 137 | [ 138 | { 139 | "id": 1, 140 | "firstName": "Luke", 141 | "familyName": "Skywalker", 142 | "age": 0 143 | }, 144 | { 145 | "id": 2, 146 | "firstName": "Obi-Wan", 147 | "familyName": "Kenobi", 148 | "age": 40 149 | }, 150 | ] 151 | 152 | $ curl -fsS "$(minikube service kds-service --url)/users/2" | jq 153 | { 154 | "id": 2, 155 | "firstName": "Obi-Wan", 156 | "familyName": "Kenobi", 157 | "age": 40 158 | } 159 | ``` 160 | 161 | Great, like before, we have successfully: 162 | 163 | - created a new user & saved it in our database, 164 | - read all users back (the one we had previously saved, which has the default age `0`, and the one we just created), 165 | - read only the user we created. 166 | 167 | ### Rolling back 168 | 169 | Maybe storing the `age` is actually something we have second thoughts about. 170 | Or maybe we want to roll this change back, for whatever reason. 171 | 172 | - Go to [cloud.weave.works](https://cloud.weave.works). 173 | - Click on "_Deploy_", select `kds-service` and then click "_De-Automate_". 174 | - Click on "_Release_" next to "_v1.0.0_", our previous version. 175 | 176 | That's all folks! We have just rolled back to our previous version. 177 | 178 | What about the database? 179 | - No migration is run in our case: 180 | ```console 181 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00004 182 | level=info msg="upgrading DB schema..." currentVersion=2 targetVersion=1 183 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00005 184 | level=info msg="upgrading DB schema..." currentVersion=2 targetVersion=1 185 | $ kubectl logs kds-service-847fb558b8-00006 186 | level=info msg="upgrading DB schema..." currentVersion=2 targetVersion=1 187 | ``` 188 | - Since our schema & code changes are backward compatible, we can still query & create users: 189 | ```console 190 | $ curl -fsS 35.225.108.173:8080/users | jq 191 | [ 192 | { 193 | "id": 1, 194 | "firstName": "Luke", 195 | "familyName": "Skywalker" 196 | }, 197 | { 198 | "id": 2, 199 | "firstName": "Obi-Wan", 200 | "familyName": "Kenobi" 201 | } 202 | ] 203 | ``` 204 | N.B.: The age field is not returned, even though still present in database. Rolling forward again would make them being returned. 205 | 206 | ## Misc. 207 | 208 | ### Generate the DB's manifests 209 | 210 | The manifests under `./db` were generated using Helm. 211 | In case you need or want to reproduce these steps, these are: 212 | 213 | - Install Helm. 214 | - Run: `helm init` 215 | - Run: `helm install --name kds stable/postgresql` 216 | - Run: `helm get manifest kds > ./db/postgresql.yaml` 217 | - Change `POSTGRES_DB` to be set to `users` 218 | 219 | ### Querying the DB 220 | 221 | ```console 222 | $ DB_POD_ID="$(kubectl get po | grep kds-postgresql | awk '{print $1}')" 223 | 224 | $ kubectl exec -it "$DB_POD_ID" -- psql -U postgres users 225 | psql (9.6.2) 226 | Type "help" for help. 227 | 228 | users=# \dt 229 | List of relations 230 | Schema | Name | Type | Owner 231 | --------+-------------------+-------+---------- 232 | public | schema_migrations | table | postgres 233 | public | users | table | postgres 234 | (2 rows) 235 | 236 | users=# SELECT * FROM users; 237 | id | first_name | family_name 238 | ----+------------+------------- 239 | (0 rows) 240 | ``` 241 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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