├── cat_.png ├── README.md ├── shell-underscore.el └── LICENSE /cat_.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mathiasdahl/shell-underscore/HEAD/cat_.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # shell-underscore 2 | 3 | ![Screenshot of terminal input using the command cat and an underscore](/cat_.png?raw=true "cat_") 4 | 5 | If you are not running a shell in Emacs, you can propably stop reading 6 | here. Or, perhaps if you did try it once and found it lacking, you 7 | might find this feature will make you want to try it again 🙂 8 | 9 | In Emacs Shell mode, enable the use of an underscore (```_```) as a 10 | shorthand for the output of the last command: 11 | 12 | ``` 13 | $ echo hi there! 14 | hi there! 15 | 16 | $ sed 's/ there//' _ <---- Magic underscore! 😮 17 | hi! 18 | 19 | $ tr h H < _ 20 | Hi! 21 | ``` 22 | 23 | That means, you can treat ```_``` as if it represents a real file that 24 | contains the last shell output. When this feature is used, the 25 | ```_``` is replaced, behind the scenes, with the name of an actual 26 | file that contains the last shell output. 27 | 28 | There are many uses of this feature. For example, you might have 29 | executed a long-running command and forgot to redirect the output, or 30 | you realize after-the-fact that you want to use the output in another 31 | command. It can also be useful when you run a number of commands 32 | after each other, each one transforming the output of the former, 33 | without the need to use a pipe. The first example below is an example 34 | of that, where we first use ```sed``` to operate on the output of the 35 | previous command, then we use ```tr``` to operate on the output of 36 | that. 37 | 38 | Each time you use the ```_``` syntax, a new file is created in the 39 | background, representing the last shell output. This means that 40 | ```_``` will most probably represent different output every time 41 | (unless you for example use ```cat``` on the output, or some other 42 | command that does not change it.) 43 | 44 | If you want to reuse the same output in several commands, you can use 45 | the alternative syntax ```_x```, where ```x``` is a letter (a-z). This 46 | makes the last shell output to be saved to a file that never change 47 | its content. This can be used when you know you want to run different 48 | commands on some output repeated times. We call this "named" output. 49 | 50 | If you use this feature you might want to overwrite some named output 51 | at some point; you can do this by adding ```!``` after the letter, 52 | like so: ```_a!```. 53 | 54 | ## Examples 55 | 56 | Basic flow, using the output of the previous command in the next 57 | command: 58 | 59 | ``` 60 | $ echo hi there! 61 | hi there! 62 | 63 | $ sed 's/ there//' _ 64 | hi! 65 | 66 | $ tr h H < _ 67 | Hi! 68 | ``` 69 | 70 | Using "named" output with forced overwrite in the next to last command: 71 | 72 | ``` 73 | $ long and slow complex command 74 | foo1 75 | foo2 76 | foo3 77 | bar1 78 | bar2 79 | 80 | $ grep foo _a 81 | foo1 82 | foo2 83 | foo3 84 | 85 | $ grep bar _a 86 | bar1 87 | bar2 88 | 89 | $ grep 1 _a! 90 | bar1 91 | 92 | $ grep 2 _a 93 | bar2 94 | 95 | $ cat _a 96 | bar1 97 | bar2 98 | ``` 99 | 100 | ## Installation 101 | 102 | Put the file ```shell-underscore.el``` in your load path and add 103 | something like the following to your Emacs init file: 104 | 105 | ```emacs-lisp 106 | (defun my-shell-hook () 107 | (require 'shell-underscore) 108 | (shell-underscore-mode t)) 109 | 110 | (add-hook 'shell-mode-hook #'my-shell-hook) 111 | ``` 112 | 113 | If you use [use-package](https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package), the setup can look like 114 | 115 | ```emacs-lisp 116 | (use-package shell-underscore 117 | ;; if you want to install it directly from git 118 | ;; :quelpa 119 | ;; (shell-underscore :repo "mathiasdahl/shell-underscore" :fetcher github) 120 | :load-path "path/to/shell-underscore/" 121 | :hook (shell-mode . shell-underscore-mode)) 122 | ``` 123 | 124 | The next time you open a shell, ```shell-underscore-mode``` will be enabled. 125 | 126 | To just try it out manually, do this: 127 | 128 | ``` 129 | M-x shell RET 130 | M-x load-file RET path/to/shell-underscore.el RET 131 | M-x shell-underscore-mode 132 | ``` 133 | 134 | This will enable shell-underscore-mode in your current shell mode session. 135 | 136 | ## Limitations 137 | 138 | - Only one use of ```_``` per command invocation is supported. 139 | - In case you are working with real files named ```_``` or ```_x``` or similar, this mode might not be for you... (or disable ```shell-underscore-mode``` when you need to) 140 | 141 | ## Alternatives 142 | 143 | Emacs being Emacs, you can of course do all of the above without this 144 | little hack. There is already a command in Shell mode (or really 145 | Comint) to save the last piece of output to a file (```C-c C-s```), 146 | and it's not very hard to move to the text of the last output and do 147 | whatever you want with it. And you can of course use all the dedicated 148 | "Emacsified" tools that removes the need for using a shell or terminal 149 | in the first place (Grep, Diff, Magit/VC). But if you like to use the 150 | shell in Emacs, this feature should be a nice addition. 151 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /shell-underscore.el: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ;;; shell-underscore.el --- Use _ as a shorthand in Shell mode for the last shell output 2 | 3 | ;; Copyright (C) 2022-2022 Mathias Dahl 4 | 5 | ;; Author: Mathias Dahl 6 | ;; Maintainer: Mathias Dahl 7 | ;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "25.1")) 8 | ;; Version: 1.0.0 9 | ;; Keywords: convenience 10 | ;; URL: http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ShellUnderscore 11 | 12 | ;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs. 13 | 14 | ;; This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 15 | ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 16 | ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) 17 | ;; any later version. 18 | 19 | ;; This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 20 | ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 21 | ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 22 | ;; GNU General Public License for more details. 23 | 24 | ;; For a full copy of the GNU General Public License 25 | ;; see . 26 | 27 | ;;; Commentary: 28 | ;; 29 | ;; This package enables the use of an underscore (`_') character in 30 | ;; Emacs Shell mode, as a shorthand for a temporary file containing the 31 | ;; last shell output. 32 | 33 | ;;; Usage: 34 | ;; 35 | ;; See documentation for `shell-underscore-mode'. 36 | 37 | ;;; Installation: 38 | ;; 39 | ;; To enable this mode when a shell is opened, put the following in 40 | ;; your Emacs init file: 41 | 42 | ;; (defun my-shell-hook () 43 | ;; (require 'shell-underscore) 44 | ;; (shell-underscore-mode t)) 45 | ;; 46 | ;; (add-hook 'shell-mode-hook #'my-shell-hook) 47 | 48 | ;; In case you want to remove the hook, evaluate this expression: 49 | 50 | ;; (remove-hook 'shell-mode-hook #'my-shell-hook) 51 | 52 | ;; Please see README.md from the same repository for more 53 | ;; documentation. 54 | 55 | ;;; Limitations: 56 | ;; 57 | ;; - Only one use of `_' per command invocation is supported. 58 | ;; - In case you are working with real files named `_' or `_x', this mode 59 | ;; might not be for you... 60 | 61 | ;;; TODO 62 | ;; 63 | ;; - Think about using underscore + number to access the Nth previous 64 | ;; output (_1 would mean the last, _2 second to last, etc.) 65 | 66 | ;;; Code: 67 | 68 | (require 'comint) 69 | 70 | (defvar shell-underscore--last-output-file nil) 71 | 72 | (defvar shell-underscore--prefix "shell-output-") 73 | 74 | (defun shell-underscore--maybe-make-temp-file (&optional name overwrite) 75 | "Create a temp file and return its name. 76 | NAME is either a letter or a number used to construct a fixed file name. 77 | A non nil value for OVERWRITE overwrites any named file to be overwritten with 78 | the last result." 79 | (if name 80 | (let ((file (expand-file-name (concat shell-underscore--prefix name) 81 | temporary-file-directory))) 82 | (setq shell-underscore--last-output-file file) 83 | (when (or (not (file-exists-p file)) 84 | overwrite) 85 | file)) 86 | (setq shell-underscore--last-output-file 87 | (make-temp-file shell-underscore--prefix)))) 88 | 89 | (defvar shell-underscore--match-args 90 | ;; Basic case (command _) 91 | '((".* _\\($\\| \\)") 92 | ;; Persist case (command _x) 93 | (".* _\\([a-z0-9]\\)\\($\\| \\)" 1) 94 | ;; Persist overwrite case (command _x!) 95 | (".* _\\([a-z0-9]\\)!\\($\\| \\)" 1 t)) 96 | "Map regexp to group number and overwrite flag.") 97 | 98 | (defun shell-underscore--make-output-file (text) 99 | "If command includes a _, save last output TEXT to file. 100 | If the `_' syntax is used, the saved output is used in the next step of 101 | the flow when the command is transformed to use the temporary file containing 102 | the output." 103 | (seq-some (pcase-lambda (`(,re ,group ,overwrite)) 104 | (when (string-match re text) 105 | (shell-underscore--maybe-make-temp-file 106 | (when group 107 | (match-string group text)) 108 | overwrite))) 109 | shell-underscore--match-args)) 110 | 111 | (defun shell-underscore-save-output (text) 112 | "Save last output TEXT to file and store its name. 113 | FORCE writing even if text doesn't use `_' syntax." 114 | (when-let ((filename (shell-underscore--make-output-file text))) 115 | (comint-write-output filename))) 116 | 117 | (defun shell-underscore--transform-command (command temp-file) 118 | "Transform COMMAND, replace _ with the TEMP-FILE." 119 | (if (string-match ".* \\(_[a-z0-9]?\\)!?\\($\\| \\)" command) 120 | (let* ((file (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory temp-file) 121 | temporary-file-directory)) 122 | (transformed-command 123 | (replace-regexp-in-string ".* \\(_[a-z0-9]?!?\\)" 124 | file command nil nil 1))) 125 | (message "Transformed command to: %s" transformed-command) 126 | transformed-command) 127 | command)) 128 | 129 | (defun shell-underscore-send-command (proc command) 130 | "If command ends in _, replace with file containing last output. 131 | PROC is the process to send COMMAND to." 132 | (let ((command (shell-underscore--transform-command command shell-underscore--last-output-file))) 133 | (comint-simple-send proc command))) 134 | 135 | 136 | (defun shell-underscore--file-exists-p (filename) 137 | "Return FILENAME if it exists." 138 | (if (and filename 139 | (file-exists-p filename)) 140 | filename 141 | (progn (message "File %s doesn't exist." filename) 142 | nil))) 143 | 144 | ;; shell-underscore-save-output works only in shell buffers so far 145 | ;; TODO: let user choose, which shell buffer to use 146 | 147 | (defun shell-underscore-insert-last-output-file-name (force) 148 | "Insert the real file name of a file containing the last output. 149 | With a prefix FORCE argument - create an output file unconditionally." 150 | (interactive "P") 151 | ;; Use fake comment text for generic file name 152 | (when force 153 | (shell-underscore-save-output " _")) 154 | (when (shell-underscore--file-exists-p shell-underscore--last-output-file) 155 | (insert shell-underscore--last-output-file))) 156 | 157 | (defun shell-underscore-find-last-output-file (force) 158 | "Open the last output in an Emacs buffer. 159 | With a prefix FORCE argument - create an output file unconditionally." 160 | (interactive "P") 161 | ;; Use fake comment text for generic file name 162 | (when force 163 | (shell-underscore-save-output " _")) 164 | (when (shell-underscore--file-exists-p shell-underscore--last-output-file) 165 | (find-file shell-underscore--last-output-file))) 166 | 167 | ;;;###autoload 168 | (define-minor-mode shell-underscore-mode 169 | "Toggle shell hacks underscore mode. 170 | Shell underscore mode let you access the last shell output saved 171 | in a file with the shorthand `_'. 172 | 173 | That means, you can treat `_' as if it represents a file that 174 | contains the last shell output. When this feature is used, the 175 | `_' is replaced, behind the scenes, with the name of an actual 176 | file. 177 | 178 | There are many uses of this feature. For example, you might have 179 | executed a long-running command and forgot to redirect the 180 | output, or you realize after-the-fact that you want to use the 181 | output in another command. It can also be useful when you run a 182 | number of commands after each other, each one transforming the 183 | output of the former, without the need to use a pipe. 184 | 185 | Examples: 186 | 187 | $ echo hello 188 | hello 189 | $ tr 'h' 'H' < _ 190 | Hello 191 | $ 192 | 193 | $ some complex shell command 194 | bar 195 | baz 196 | foo 197 | $ grep b _ 198 | bar 199 | baz 200 | $ 201 | 202 | It's also possible to have the underscore in the middle of a command: 203 | 204 | $ cat test 205 | bar 206 | baz 207 | foo 208 | $ grep b _ | grep z 209 | baz 210 | $ 211 | 212 | Note: In order to work correctly, your prompt can only consist of 213 | one line. If the prompt consists of several lines, all but the last 214 | one will be part of the output saved in the temporary file. 215 | 216 | If you want to access a certain output file later by its real 217 | name (they are not removed automatically), you can find the name 218 | in the following way: 219 | 220 | $ ls _ 221 | /tmp/shell-output-NHuKHW 222 | $ 223 | 224 | Each time you use `_' it will be a different file that is 225 | used (because at each command invocation that uses the 226 | underscore, new output is generated and saved). If you want to 227 | persist a certain output and reuse that for several command 228 | invocations, suffix the `_' with a letter (a-z) or a number. 229 | When you do that, the content in the file will not change if you 230 | refer to it with an underscore and that letter or number again so 231 | you can refer to the same file and therefore file content over 232 | and over again. If you want to overwrite one of the named output 233 | files, add a `!' after the letter. 234 | 235 | Example: 236 | 237 | $ cat foo 238 | hello 239 | hi 240 | hey 241 | 242 | $ grep e _a 243 | hello 244 | hey 245 | 246 | $ grep i _a 247 | hi 248 | 249 | $ cat bar 250 | bye 251 | good bye 252 | 253 | $ grep g _a! 254 | good bye 255 | 256 | $ grep b _a 257 | bye 258 | good bye" 259 | :lighter nil 260 | (if shell-underscore-mode 261 | (progn 262 | (add-hook 'comint-input-filter-functions #'shell-underscore-save-output nil t) 263 | (setq comint-input-sender 'shell-underscore-send-command)) 264 | (remove-hook 'comint-input-filter-functions #'shell-underscore-save-output t) 265 | (setq comint-input-sender #'comint-simple-send))) 266 | 267 | (provide 'shell-underscore) 268 | 269 | ;;; shell-underscore.el ends here 270 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------