├── README.md
├── screenshots
    └── tictactoe.png
├── ttt.py
└── ttt3.py


/README.md:
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1 | python-tictactoe
2 | ================
3 | 
4 | Python TicTacToe game with Tk GUI and minimax AI
5 | 
6 | ![Python TicTacToe screenshot](./screenshots/tictactoe.png)
7 | 
8 | see: http://www.leaseweblabs.com/2013/12/python-tictactoe-tk-minimax-ai/
9 | 


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/screenshots/tictactoe.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mevdschee/python-tictactoe/706216d86c1e78494afad4ebed123d3351451668/screenshots/tictactoe.png


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/ttt.py:
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  1 | # coding=UTF8
  2 | 
  3 | # Python TicTacToe game with Tk GUI and minimax AI
  4 | # Author: Maurits van der Schee <maurits@vdschee.nl>
  5 | 
  6 | from Tkinter import Tk, Button
  7 | from tkFont import Font
  8 | from copy import deepcopy
  9 | 
 10 | class Board:
 11 | 
 12 |   def __init__(self,other=None):
 13 |     self.player = 'X'
 14 |     self.opponent = 'O'
 15 |     self.empty = '.'
 16 |     self.size = 3
 17 |     self.fields = {}
 18 |     for y in range(self.size):
 19 |       for x in range(self.size):
 20 |         self.fields[x,y] = self.empty
 21 |     # copy constructor
 22 |     if other:
 23 |       self.__dict__ = deepcopy(other.__dict__)
 24 | 
 25 |   def move(self,x,y):
 26 |     board = Board(self)
 27 |     board.fields[x,y] = board.player
 28 |     (board.player,board.opponent) = (board.opponent,board.player)
 29 |     return board
 30 | 
 31 |   def __minimax(self, player):
 32 |     if self.won():
 33 |       if player:
 34 |         return (-1,None)
 35 |       else:
 36 |         return (+1,None)
 37 |     elif self.tied():
 38 |       return (0,None)
 39 |     elif player:
 40 |       best = (-2,None)
 41 |       for x,y in self.fields:
 42 |         if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 43 |           value = self.move(x,y).__minimax(not player)[0]
 44 |           if value>best[0]:
 45 |             best = (value,(x,y))
 46 |       return best
 47 |     else:
 48 |       best = (+2,None)
 49 |       for x,y in self.fields:
 50 |         if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 51 |           value = self.move(x,y).__minimax(not player)[0]
 52 |           if value<best[0]:
 53 |             best = (value,(x,y))
 54 |       return best
 55 | 
 56 |   def best(self):
 57 |     return self.__minimax(True)[1]
 58 | 
 59 |   def tied(self):
 60 |     for (x,y) in self.fields:
 61 |       if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 62 |         return False
 63 |     return True
 64 | 
 65 |   def won(self):
 66 |     # horizontal
 67 |     for y in range(self.size):
 68 |       winning = []
 69 |       for x in range(self.size):
 70 |         if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 71 |           winning.append((x,y))
 72 |       if len(winning) == self.size:
 73 |         return winning
 74 |     # vertical
 75 |     for x in range(self.size):
 76 |       winning = []
 77 |       for y in range(self.size):
 78 |         if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 79 |           winning.append((x,y))
 80 |       if len(winning) == self.size:
 81 |         return winning
 82 |     # diagonal
 83 |     winning = []
 84 |     for y in range(self.size):
 85 |       x = y
 86 |       if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 87 |         winning.append((x,y))
 88 |     if len(winning) == self.size:
 89 |       return winning
 90 |     # other diagonal
 91 |     winning = []
 92 |     for y in range(self.size):
 93 |       x = self.size-1-y
 94 |       if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 95 |         winning.append((x,y))
 96 |     if len(winning) == self.size:
 97 |       return winning
 98 |     # default
 99 |     return None
100 | 
101 |   def __str__(self):
102 |     string = ''
103 |     for y in range(self.size):
104 |       for x in range(self.size):
105 |         string+=self.fields[x,y]
106 |       string+="\n"
107 |     return string
108 | 
109 | class GUI:
110 | 
111 |   def __init__(self):
112 |     self.app = Tk()
113 |     self.app.title('TicTacToe')
114 |     self.app.resizable(width=False, height=False)
115 |     self.board = Board()
116 |     self.font = Font(family="Helvetica", size=32)
117 |     self.buttons = {}
118 |     for x,y in self.board.fields:
119 |       handler = lambda x=x,y=y: self.move(x,y)
120 |       button = Button(self.app, command=handler, font=self.font, width=2, height=1)
121 |       button.grid(row=y, column=x)
122 |       self.buttons[x,y] = button
123 |     handler = lambda: self.reset()
124 |     button = Button(self.app, text='reset', command=handler)
125 |     button.grid(row=self.board.size+1, column=0, columnspan=self.board.size, sticky="WE")
126 |     self.update()
127 | 
128 |   def reset(self):
129 |     self.board = Board()
130 |     self.update()
131 | 
132 |   def move(self,x,y):
133 |     self.app.config(cursor="watch")
134 |     self.app.update()
135 |     self.board = self.board.move(x,y)
136 |     self.update()
137 |     move = self.board.best()
138 |     if move:
139 |       self.board = self.board.move(*move)
140 |       self.update()
141 |     self.app.config(cursor="")
142 | 
143 |   def update(self):
144 |     for (x,y) in self.board.fields:
145 |       text = self.board.fields[x,y]
146 |       self.buttons[x,y]['text'] = text
147 |       self.buttons[x,y]['disabledforeground'] = 'black'
148 |       if text==self.board.empty:
149 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'normal'
150 |       else:
151 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'disabled'
152 |     winning = self.board.won()
153 |     if winning:
154 |       for x,y in winning:
155 |         self.buttons[x,y]['disabledforeground'] = 'red'
156 |       for x,y in self.buttons:
157 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'disabled'
158 |     for (x,y) in self.board.fields:
159 |       self.buttons[x,y].update()
160 | 
161 |   def mainloop(self):
162 |     self.app.mainloop()
163 | 
164 | if __name__ == '__main__':
165 |   GUI().mainloop()
166 | 


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/ttt3.py:
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  1 | # coding=UTF8
  2 | 
  3 | # Python TicTacToe game with Tk GUI and minimax AI
  4 | # Author: Maurits van der Schee <maurits@vdschee.nl>
  5 | 
  6 | import sys
  7 | if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
  8 |   from tkinter import Tk, Button
  9 |   from tkinter.font import Font
 10 | else:
 11 |   from Tkinter import Tk, Button
 12 |   from tkFont import Font
 13 | from copy import deepcopy
 14 | 
 15 | class Board:
 16 |   
 17 |   def __init__(self,other=None):
 18 |     self.player = 'X'
 19 |     self.opponent = 'O'
 20 |     self.empty = '.'
 21 |     self.size = 3
 22 |     self.fields = {}
 23 |     for y in range(self.size):
 24 |       for x in range(self.size):
 25 |         self.fields[x,y] = self.empty
 26 |     # copy constructor
 27 |     if other:
 28 |       self.__dict__ = deepcopy(other.__dict__)
 29 |       
 30 |   def move(self,x,y):
 31 |     board = Board(self)
 32 |     board.fields[x,y] = board.player
 33 |     (board.player,board.opponent) = (board.opponent,board.player)
 34 |     return board
 35 |   
 36 |   def __minimax(self, player):
 37 |     if self.won():
 38 |       if player:
 39 |         return (-1,None)
 40 |       else:
 41 |         return (+1,None)
 42 |     elif self.tied():
 43 |       return (0,None)
 44 |     elif player:
 45 |       best = (-2,None)
 46 |       for x,y in self.fields:
 47 |         if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 48 |           value = self.move(x,y).__minimax(not player)[0]
 49 |           if value>best[0]:
 50 |             best = (value,(x,y))
 51 |       return best
 52 |     else:
 53 |       best = (+2,None)
 54 |       for x,y in self.fields:
 55 |         if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 56 |           value = self.move(x,y).__minimax(not player)[0]
 57 |           if value<best[0]:
 58 |             best = (value,(x,y))
 59 |       return best
 60 |   
 61 |   def best(self):
 62 |     return self.__minimax(True)[1]
 63 |   
 64 |   def tied(self):
 65 |     for (x,y) in self.fields:
 66 |       if self.fields[x,y]==self.empty:
 67 |         return False
 68 |     return True
 69 |   
 70 |   def won(self):
 71 |     # horizontal
 72 |     for y in range(self.size):
 73 |       winning = []
 74 |       for x in range(self.size):
 75 |         if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 76 |           winning.append((x,y))
 77 |       if len(winning) == self.size:
 78 |         return winning
 79 |     # vertical
 80 |     for x in range(self.size):
 81 |       winning = []
 82 |       for y in range(self.size):
 83 |         if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 84 |           winning.append((x,y))
 85 |       if len(winning) == self.size:
 86 |         return winning
 87 |     # diagonal
 88 |     winning = []
 89 |     for y in range(self.size):
 90 |       x = y
 91 |       if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
 92 |         winning.append((x,y))
 93 |     if len(winning) == self.size:
 94 |       return winning
 95 |     # other diagonal
 96 |     winning = []
 97 |     for y in range(self.size):
 98 |       x = self.size-1-y
 99 |       if self.fields[x,y] == self.opponent:
100 |         winning.append((x,y))
101 |     if len(winning) == self.size:
102 |       return winning
103 |     # default
104 |     return None
105 |   
106 |   def __str__(self):
107 |     string = ''
108 |     for y in range(self.size):
109 |       for x in range(self.size):
110 |         string+=self.fields[x,y]
111 |       string+="\n"
112 |     return string
113 |         
114 | class GUI:
115 | 
116 |   def __init__(self):
117 |     self.app = Tk()
118 |     self.app.title('TicTacToe')
119 |     self.app.resizable(width=False, height=False)
120 |     self.board = Board()
121 |     self.font = Font(family="Helvetica", size=32)
122 |     self.buttons = {}
123 |     for x,y in self.board.fields:
124 |       handler = lambda x=x,y=y: self.move(x,y)
125 |       button = Button(self.app, command=handler, font=self.font, width=2, height=1)
126 |       button.grid(row=y, column=x)
127 |       self.buttons[x,y] = button
128 |     handler = lambda: self.reset()
129 |     button = Button(self.app, text='reset', command=handler)
130 |     button.grid(row=self.board.size+1, column=0, columnspan=self.board.size, sticky="WE")
131 |     self.update()
132 |     
133 |   def reset(self):
134 |     self.board = Board()
135 |     self.update()
136 |   
137 |   def move(self,x,y):
138 |     self.app.config(cursor="watch")
139 |     self.app.update()
140 |     self.board = self.board.move(x,y)
141 |     self.update()
142 |     move = self.board.best()
143 |     if move:
144 |       self.board = self.board.move(*move)
145 |       self.update()
146 |     self.app.config(cursor="")
147 |             
148 |   def update(self):
149 |     for (x,y) in self.board.fields:
150 |       text = self.board.fields[x,y]
151 |       self.buttons[x,y]['text'] = text
152 |       self.buttons[x,y]['disabledforeground'] = 'black'
153 |       if text==self.board.empty:
154 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'normal'
155 |       else:
156 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'disabled'
157 |     winning = self.board.won()
158 |     if winning:
159 |       for x,y in winning:
160 |         self.buttons[x,y]['disabledforeground'] = 'red'
161 |       for x,y in self.buttons:
162 |         self.buttons[x,y]['state'] = 'disabled'
163 |     for (x,y) in self.board.fields:
164 |       self.buttons[x,y].update()
165 | 
166 |   def mainloop(self):
167 |     self.app.mainloop()
168 | 
169 | if __name__ == '__main__':
170 |   GUI().mainloop()
171 | 


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