├── .gitignore ├── src ├── 0_prepare.sh ├── 6_pack_rootfs.sh ├── 7_generate_iso.sh ├── build_boot2minc_live.sh ├── .config ├── 4_build_busybox.sh ├── 3_1_get_mincs.sh ├── 1_get_kernel.sh ├── 3_get_busybox.sh ├── patches │ ├── kernel │ │ └── x86-copy-linux-c32-for-newer.patch │ └── busybox │ │ └── unshare-add-unshare-support.patch ├── 2_build_kernel.sh └── 5_generate_rootfs.sh ├── README.md └── LICENSE /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /www/download/** 2 | /www/favicon.ico 3 | /www/images/** 4 | /src/source/** 5 | /src/work/** 6 | /src/*.iso 7 | 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/0_prepare.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | rm -rf work 4 | mkdir work 5 | 6 | # -p stops errors if the directory already exists 7 | mkdir -p source 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/6_pack_rootfs.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | cd work 4 | 5 | rm -f rootfs.cpio.gz 6 | 7 | cd rootfs 8 | 9 | find . | cpio -H newc -o | gzip > ../rootfs.cpio.gz 10 | 11 | cd ../.. 12 | 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/7_generate_iso.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | rm -f boot2minc_live.iso 4 | 5 | cd work/kernel 6 | cd $(ls -d *) 7 | 8 | make isoimage FDINITRD=../../rootfs.cpio.gz 9 | cp arch/x86/boot/image.iso ../../../boot2minc_live.iso 10 | 11 | cd ../../.. 12 | 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/build_boot2minc_live.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | sh 0_prepare.sh 4 | sh 1_get_kernel.sh 5 | sh 2_build_kernel.sh 6 | sh 3_get_busybox.sh 7 | sh 3_1_get_mincs.sh 8 | sh 4_build_busybox.sh 9 | sh 5_generate_rootfs.sh 10 | sh 6_pack_rootfs.sh 11 | sh 7_generate_iso.sh 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/.config: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # You can find the latest Linux kernel source bundles here: 2 | # 3 | # http://kernel.org 4 | # 5 | KERNEL_SOURCE_URL=https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.1.15.tar.xz 6 | 7 | # You can find the latest BusyBox source bundles here: 8 | # 9 | # http://busybox.net 10 | # 11 | BUSYBOX_SOURCE_URL=http://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.23.1.tar.bz2 12 | 13 | # This always downloads the latest mincs 14 | MINCS_SOURCE_URL=https://github.com/mhiramat/mincs/archive/master.zip 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Boot2MINC 2 | ======= 3 | 4 | Boot2MINC is to build a bootable Linux ISO image including BusyBox and 5 | MINCS. This is forked from [Minimal Linux Live](https://github.com/ivandavidov/minimal) project. 6 | See [The DAO of Minimal Linux Live](http://minimal.linux-bg.org/the_dao_of_minimal_linux_live.txt) for more details of the scripts. 7 | 8 | The difference is adding some patches for Linux kernel and BusyBox, 9 | introducing MINCS install process. 10 | 11 | This program is Licensed under the GPLv3 as Minimal Linux Live is. 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/4_build_busybox.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | cd work/busybox 4 | 5 | # Change to the first directory ls finds, e.g. 'busybox-1.23.1' 6 | cd $(ls -d *) 7 | 8 | # Remove previously generated artefacts 9 | make clean 10 | 11 | # Create a default configuration file 12 | make defconfig 13 | 14 | # Change the configuration, so that busybox is statically compiled 15 | # You could do this manually with 'make menuconfig' 16 | sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_STATIC.*/CONFIG_STATIC=y/" .config 17 | 18 | # Compile busybox 19 | make busybox -j `nproc` 20 | 21 | # Create the symlinks for busybox 22 | # It uses the file 'busybox.links' for this 23 | make install 24 | 25 | cd ../../.. 26 | 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/3_1_get_mincs.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | # Grab everything after the '=' character 4 | DOWNLOAD_URL=$(grep -i MINCS_SOURCE_URL .config | cut -f2 -d'=') 5 | 6 | # Grab everything after the last '/' character 7 | ARCHIVE_FILE=${DOWNLOAD_URL##*/} 8 | 9 | cd source 10 | 11 | rm mincs.zip 12 | # Downloading mincs source 13 | # -c option allows the download to resume 14 | wget -c $DOWNLOAD_URL -O mincs.zip 15 | 16 | # Delete folder with previously extracted mincs 17 | rm -rf ../work/mincs 18 | mkdir ../work/mincs 19 | 20 | # Extract MINCS to folder 'mincs' 21 | # Full path will be something like 'work/mincs/mincs-master' 22 | unzip mincs.zip -x -d ../work/mincs 23 | 24 | # Make simple mode as default 25 | cd ../work/mincs 26 | cd $(ls -d *) 27 | sed -i 's/set -e/set -e;MINC_OPT_SIMPLE=y/g' libexec/minc-exec 28 | 29 | cd ../../.. 30 | 31 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/1_get_kernel.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | # Grab everything after the '=' character 4 | DOWNLOAD_URL=$(grep -i KERNEL_SOURCE_URL .config | cut -f2 -d'=') 5 | 6 | # Grab everything after the last '/' character 7 | ARCHIVE_FILE=${DOWNLOAD_URL##*/} 8 | 9 | cd source 10 | 11 | # Downloading kernel file 12 | # -c option allows the download to resume 13 | if [ ! -f $ARCHIVE_FILE ]; then 14 | wget -c $DOWNLOAD_URL 15 | fi 16 | 17 | # Delete folder with previously extracted kernel 18 | rm -rf ../work/kernel 19 | mkdir ../work/kernel 20 | 21 | # Extract kernel to folder 'work/kernel' 22 | # Full path will be something like 'work/kernel/linux-3.16.1' 23 | tar -xvf $ARCHIVE_FILE -C ../work/kernel 24 | 25 | # Apply extra patch for newer syslinux 26 | cd ../work/kernel/ 27 | cd $(ls -d *) 28 | 29 | for i in ../../../patches/kernel/*.patch; do 30 | patch -p1 < $i 31 | done 32 | 33 | cd ../../../ 34 | 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/3_get_busybox.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | # Grab everything after the '=' character 4 | DOWNLOAD_URL=$(grep -i BUSYBOX_SOURCE_URL .config | cut -f2 -d'=') 5 | 6 | # Grab everything after the last '/' character 7 | ARCHIVE_FILE=${DOWNLOAD_URL##*/} 8 | 9 | cd source 10 | 11 | # Downloading busybox source 12 | # -c option allows the download to resume 13 | if [ ! -f $ARCHIVE_FILE ]; then 14 | wget -c $DOWNLOAD_URL 15 | fi 16 | 17 | # Delete folder with previously extracted busybox 18 | rm -rf ../work/busybox 19 | mkdir ../work/busybox 20 | 21 | # Extract busybox to folder 'busybox' 22 | # Full path will be something like 'work/busybox/busybox-1.23.1' 23 | tar -xvf $ARCHIVE_FILE -C ../work/busybox 24 | 25 | # Apply extra patches for namespace 26 | cd ../work/busybox/ 27 | cd $(ls -d *) 28 | 29 | for i in ../../../patches/busybox/*.patch; do 30 | patch -p1 < $i 31 | done 32 | 33 | cd ../../../ 34 | 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/patches/kernel/x86-copy-linux-c32-for-newer.patch: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | x86: Copy ldlinux.c32 for newer isolinux 2 | 3 | From: Masami Hiramatsu 4 | 5 | Since SYSLINUX newer than 5.0.0 requires ldlinux.c32 for boot, 6 | copy not only isolinux.bin but also ldlinux.c32. 7 | 8 | Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 9 | --- 10 | arch/x86/boot/Makefile | 3 +++ 11 | 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) 12 | 13 | diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile 14 | index 3db07f3..58a5013 100644 15 | --- a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile 16 | +++ b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile 17 | @@ -160,6 +160,9 @@ isoimage: $(obj)/bzImage 18 | for i in lib lib64 share end ; do \ 19 | if [ -f /usr/$$i/syslinux/isolinux.bin ] ; then \ 20 | cp /usr/$$i/syslinux/isolinux.bin $(obj)/isoimage ; \ 21 | + if [ -f /usr/$$i/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 ] ; then \ 22 | + cp /usr/$$i/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 $(obj)/isoimage ; \ 23 | + fi ; \ 24 | break ; \ 25 | fi ; \ 26 | if [ $$i = end ] ; then exit 1 ; fi ; \ 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/2_build_kernel.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | cd work/kernel 4 | 5 | # Change to the first directory ls finds, e.g. 'linux-3.18.6' 6 | cd $(ls -d *) 7 | 8 | # Cleans up the kernel sources, including configuration files 9 | make mrproper 10 | 11 | # Create a default configuration file for the kernel 12 | make defconfig 13 | 14 | yconfig() { # configs 15 | while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do 16 | sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_$1\ .*/CONFIG_$1=y/" .config 17 | grep ^"CONFIG_$1=y" .config || echo "CONFIG_$1=y" >> .config 18 | shift 1 19 | done 20 | } 21 | 22 | # Changes the name of the system 23 | sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_DEFAULT_HOSTNAME.*/CONFIG_DEFAULT_HOSTNAME=\"boot2minc\"/" .config 24 | 25 | # Config for Virtio environment 26 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO=y" >> .config 27 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y" >> .config 28 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO=y" >> .config 29 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO_CONSOLE=y" >> .config 30 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y" >> .config 31 | echo "CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=y" >> .config 32 | 33 | # Config adding Realtek NIC 34 | echo "CONFIG_8139TOO=y" >> .config 35 | echo "CONFIG_8139CP=y" >> .config 36 | 37 | # Config for MINC support 38 | sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS\ .*/CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS=y/" .config 39 | sed -i "s/.*CONFIG_SQUASHFS\ .*/CONFIG_SQUASHFS=y/" .config 40 | 41 | # Config for cgroups 42 | yconfig CGROUPS EVENTFD CGROUP_DEVICE CPUSETS CGROUP_CPUACCT \ 43 | PAGE_COUNTER MEMCG MEMCG_SWAP MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED \ 44 | CGROUP_PERF CGROUP_SCHED CGROUP_HUGETLB FAIR_GROUP_SCHED \ 45 | CFS_BANDWIDTH RT_GROUP_SCHED BLK_CGROUP 46 | 47 | make olddefconfig 48 | 49 | # Compile the kernel 50 | # Good explanation of the different kernels 51 | # http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/5518/what-is-the-difference-between-the-following-kernel-makefile-terms-vmlinux-vmlinux 52 | make bzImage -j `nproc` 53 | 54 | cd ../../.. 55 | 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/5_generate_rootfs.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | cd work 4 | 5 | rm -rf rootfs 6 | 7 | # Install busybox as a rootfs 8 | cd busybox 9 | cd $(ls -d *) 10 | 11 | cp -R _install ../../rootfs 12 | 13 | # Install mincs 14 | cd ../../mincs 15 | cd $(ls -d *) 16 | 17 | PREFIX=../../rootfs/usr/ LIBEXEC=/usr/libexec ./install.sh 18 | 19 | # Prepare rootfs 20 | cd ../../rootfs 21 | 22 | rm -f linuxrc 23 | 24 | mkdir dev 25 | mkdir etc 26 | mkdir proc 27 | mkdir root 28 | mkdir src 29 | mkdir sys 30 | mkdir tmp 31 | chmod 1777 tmp 32 | 33 | cd etc 34 | 35 | cat > bootscript.sh << EOF 36 | #!/bin/sh 37 | 38 | dmesg -n 1 39 | mount -t devtmpfs none /dev 40 | mount -t proc none /proc 41 | mount -t sysfs none /sys 42 | mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp 43 | mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /sys/fs/cgroup/ 44 | 45 | mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu 46 | mount -t cgroup -o cpu cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu 47 | mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory 48 | mount -t cgroup -o memory cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/memory 49 | 50 | EOF 51 | 52 | chmod +x bootscript.sh 53 | 54 | cat > welcome.txt << EOF 55 | 56 | ################################# 57 | # # 58 | # Welcome to "Boot2MINC Live" # 59 | # # 60 | ################################# 61 | 62 | EOF 63 | 64 | cat > inittab << EOF 65 | ::sysinit:/etc/bootscript.sh 66 | ::restart:/sbin/init 67 | ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot 68 | ::once:cat /etc/welcome.txt 69 | ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh 70 | tty2::once:cat /etc/welcome.txt 71 | tty2::respawn:/bin/sh 72 | tty3::once:cat /etc/welcome.txt 73 | tty3::respawn:/bin/sh 74 | tty4::once:cat /etc/welcome.txt 75 | tty4::respawn:/bin/sh 76 | 77 | EOF 78 | 79 | cd .. 80 | 81 | cat > init << EOF 82 | #!/bin/sh 83 | 84 | exec /sbin/init 85 | 86 | EOF 87 | 88 | chmod +x init 89 | 90 | cp ../../*.sh src 91 | cp ../../.config src 92 | chmod +r src/*.sh 93 | chmod +r src/.config 94 | 95 | cd ../.. 96 | 97 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/patches/busybox/unshare-add-unshare-support.patch: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | unshare: new applet 2 | 3 | From: Masami Hiramatsu 4 | 5 | Port unshare command from util-linux. 6 | function old new delta 7 | unshare_main - 308 +308 8 | unshare - 20 +20 9 | packed_usage 30204 30301 +97 10 | applet_names 2483 2491 +8 11 | applet_main 2888 2896 +8 12 | applet_nameofs 722 724 +2 13 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 | (add/remove: 2/0 grow/shrink: 4/0 up/down: 443/0) Total: 443 bytes 15 | 16 | Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 17 | --- 18 | include/applets.src.h | 1 19 | util-linux/Config.src | 7 +++ 20 | util-linux/Kbuild.src | 1 21 | util-linux/unshare.c | 110 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 22 | 4 files changed, 119 insertions(+) 23 | create mode 100644 util-linux/unshare.c 24 | 25 | diff --git a/include/applets.src.h b/include/applets.src.h 26 | index b80c4f4..4cd4672 100644 27 | --- a/include/applets.src.h 28 | +++ b/include/applets.src.h 29 | @@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ IF_UDHCPC(APPLET(udhcpc, BB_DIR_SBIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 30 | IF_UDHCPD(APPLET(udhcpd, BB_DIR_USR_SBIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 31 | IF_UDPSVD(APPLET_ODDNAME(udpsvd, tcpudpsvd, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP, udpsvd)) 32 | IF_UMOUNT(APPLET(umount, BB_DIR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 33 | +IF_UNSHARE(APPLET(unshare, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 34 | IF_UNAME(APPLET(uname, BB_DIR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 35 | IF_UNEXPAND(APPLET_ODDNAME(unexpand, expand, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP, unexpand)) 36 | IF_UNIQ(APPLET(uniq, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP)) 37 | diff --git a/util-linux/Config.src b/util-linux/Config.src 38 | index c1cd6da..76722cf 100644 39 | --- a/util-linux/Config.src 40 | +++ b/util-linux/Config.src 41 | @@ -635,6 +635,13 @@ config SWITCH_ROOT 42 | and ending point for searching through the kernel's doubly linked 43 | list of active mount points. That's why. 44 | 45 | +config UNSHARE 46 | + bool "unshare" 47 | + default y 48 | + select PLATFORM_LINUX 49 | + help 50 | + The unshare utility can run a command in new namespace. 51 | + 52 | config UMOUNT 53 | bool "umount" 54 | default y 55 | diff --git a/util-linux/Kbuild.src b/util-linux/Kbuild.src 56 | index 468fc6b..5313632 100644 57 | --- a/util-linux/Kbuild.src 58 | +++ b/util-linux/Kbuild.src 59 | @@ -43,4 +43,5 @@ lib-$(CONFIG_SCRIPTREPLAY) += scriptreplay.o 60 | lib-$(CONFIG_SETARCH) += setarch.o 61 | lib-$(CONFIG_SWAPONOFF) += swaponoff.o 62 | lib-$(CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT) += switch_root.o 63 | +lib-$(CONFIG_UNSHARE) += unshare.o 64 | lib-$(CONFIG_UMOUNT) += umount.o 65 | diff --git a/util-linux/unshare.c b/util-linux/unshare.c 66 | new file mode 100644 67 | index 0000000..277c363 68 | --- /dev/null 69 | +++ b/util-linux/unshare.c 70 | @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ 71 | +/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */ 72 | +/* 73 | + * unshare(1) - command-line interface for unshare(2) 74 | + * 75 | + * Copyright (C) 2009 Mikhail Gusarov 76 | + * Copyright (C) 2015 Masami Hiramatsu 77 | + * 78 | + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 79 | + * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the 80 | + * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any 81 | + * later version. 82 | + * 83 | + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 84 | + * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 85 | + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 86 | + * General Public License for more details. 87 | + * 88 | + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 89 | + * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 90 | + * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 91 | + */ 92 | +/* 93 | + * This program is copied from util-linux package, and drops following features 94 | + * - long option support 95 | + * - --mount-proc option 96 | + * - --map-root-user option 97 | + * - version indication 98 | + */ 99 | +//usage:#define unshare_trivial_usage 100 | +//usage: "[OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]" 101 | +//usage:#define unshare_full_usage "\n\n" 102 | +//usage: "Unshare command-line interface \n" 103 | +//usage: " -m unshare mounts namespace\n" 104 | +//usage: " -u unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc)\n" 105 | +//usage: " -i unshare System V IPC namespace\n" 106 | +//usage: " -n unshare network namespace\n" 107 | +//usage: " -p unshare pid namespace\n" 108 | +//usage: " -U unshare user namespace\n" 109 | +//usage: " -f fork before launching \n" 110 | +//usage: 111 | +//usage:#define unshare_example_usage 112 | +//usage: "$ unshare -pmf /bin/sh \n" 113 | + 114 | +#include 115 | +#include 116 | +#include 117 | +#include "libbb.h" 118 | + 119 | +int unshare_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE; 120 | +int unshare_main(int argc, char *argv[]) 121 | +{ 122 | + int unshare_flags = 0; 123 | + int forkit = 0; 124 | + const char *def_argv[3] = { "/bin/sh", "-", NULL}; 125 | + uint32_t flag; 126 | + 127 | + flag = getopt32(argv, "fmuinpU"); 128 | + if (flag & (1 << 0)) 129 | + forkit = 1; 130 | + if (flag & (1 << 1)) 131 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWNS; 132 | + if (flag & (1 << 2)) 133 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWUTS; 134 | + if (flag & (1 << 3)) 135 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWIPC; 136 | + if (flag & (1 << 4)) 137 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWNET; 138 | + if (flag & (1 << 5)) 139 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWPID; 140 | + if (flag & (1 << 6)) 141 | + unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWUSER; 142 | + 143 | + if (-1 == unshare(unshare_flags)) { 144 | + bb_perror_msg("unshare failed"); 145 | + return EXIT_FAILURE; 146 | + } 147 | + 148 | + if (forkit) { 149 | + int status; 150 | + pid_t pid = fork(); 151 | + 152 | + switch(pid) { 153 | + case -1: 154 | + bb_perror_msg("fork failed"); 155 | + return EXIT_FAILURE; 156 | + case 0: /* child */ 157 | + break; 158 | + default: /* parent */ 159 | + if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) { 160 | + bb_perror_msg("waitpid failed"); 161 | + return EXIT_FAILURE; 162 | + } 163 | + if (WIFEXITED(status)) 164 | + return WEXITSTATUS(status); 165 | + else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) 166 | + kill(getpid(), WTERMSIG(status)); 167 | + bb_perror_msg("child exit failed"); 168 | + return EXIT_FAILURE; 169 | + } 170 | + } 171 | + 172 | + if (optind < argc) 173 | + argv += optind; 174 | + else 175 | + argv = (char **)def_argv; 176 | + 177 | + execvp(argv[0], argv); 178 | + bb_perror_msg("failed to execute %s", argv[0]); 179 | + return EXIT_FAILURE; 180 | +} 181 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. 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Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------