├── .gitignore
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── docs
├── CNAME
└── pyscript_plugin.js
└── samples
├── advance
├── do_generator.py
├── do_iter.py
├── do_listcompr.py
├── do_slice.py
└── do_yield.py
├── async
├── aio_web.py
├── async_hello.py
├── async_hello2.py
├── async_wget.py
├── async_wget2.py
└── coroutine.py
├── basic
├── do_for.py
├── do_if.py
├── do_input.py
├── do_match.py
├── do_print.py
├── do_while.py
├── hello
│ └── hello.py
├── the_dict.py
├── the_list.py
├── the_set.py
├── the_string.py
└── the_tuple.py
├── commonlib
├── check_bmp.py
├── do_base64.py
├── use_chainmap.py
├── use_collections.py
├── use_datetime.py
├── use_hashlib.py
├── use_htmlparser.py
├── use_itertools.py
├── use_sax.py
└── use_urllib.py
├── context
├── do_closing.py
├── do_suppress.py
└── do_with.py
├── db
├── do_mysql.py
├── do_sqlalchemy.py
└── do_sqlite.py
├── debug
├── do_assert.py
├── do_logging.py
├── do_pdb.py
├── do_try.py
├── err.py
├── err_logging.py
├── err_raise.py
├── err_reraise.py
├── mydict.py
├── mydict2.py
└── mydict_test.py
├── function
├── call_func.py
├── def_func.py
├── kw_args.py
├── recur.py
└── var_args.py
├── functional
├── decorator.py
├── do_filter.py
├── do_map.py
├── do_partial.py
├── do_reduce.py
├── do_sorted.py
├── prime_numbers.py
└── return_func.py
├── gui
├── hello_gui.py
└── turtle
│ ├── rect.py
│ ├── stars.py
│ └── tree.py
├── io
├── do_bytesio.py
├── do_dir.py
├── do_stringio.py
├── use_json.py
├── use_pickle.py
└── with_file.py
├── mail
├── fetch_mail.py
└── send_mail.py
├── micropython
├── hellorobot
│ ├── .vscode
│ │ ├── extensions.json
│ │ ├── launch.json
│ │ └── settings.json
│ └── main.py
├── rccar
│ ├── .vscode
│ │ ├── extensions.json
│ │ ├── launch.json
│ │ └── settings.json
│ ├── devices.py
│ └── main.py
├── smallcar
│ ├── .vscode
│ │ ├── extensions.json
│ │ ├── launch.json
│ │ └── settings.json
│ └── main.py
└── tank
│ ├── .vscode
│ ├── extensions.json
│ ├── launch.json
│ └── settings.json
│ ├── cannon.wav
│ ├── devices.py
│ ├── joystick.py
│ └── main.py
├── module
└── hello.py
├── multitask
├── do_folk.py
├── do_lock.py
├── do_queue.py
├── do_subprocess.py
├── multi_processing.py
├── multi_threading.py
├── pooled_processing.py
├── task_master.py
├── task_worker.py
└── use_threadlocal.py
├── oop_advance
├── create_class_on_the_fly.py
├── orm.py
├── special_call.py
├── special_getattr.py
├── special_getitem.py
├── special_iter.py
├── special_str.py
├── use_enum.py
├── use_metaclass.py
├── use_property.py
└── use_slots.py
├── oop_basic
├── animals.py
├── attrs.py
├── get_instance.py
├── get_type.py
├── protected_student.py
└── student.py
├── packages
└── pil
│ ├── README
│ ├── test.jpg
│ ├── use_pil_blur.py
│ ├── use_pil_draw.py
│ └── use_pil_resize.py
├── regex
└── regex.py
├── socket
├── do_tcp.py
├── udp_client.py
└── udp_server.py
├── test
├── dict_doctest.py
└── dict_unittest.py
└── web
├── do_flask.py
├── do_wsgi.py
├── hello.py
└── mvc
├── app.py
└── templates
├── form.html
├── home.html
└── signin-ok.html
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | *.py[cod]
2 |
3 | test.db
4 | test.txt
5 | sina.html
6 |
7 | # C extensions
8 | *.so
9 |
10 | # Packages
11 | *.egg
12 | *.egg-info
13 | dist
14 | build
15 | eggs
16 | parts
17 | bin
18 | var
19 | sdist
20 | develop-eggs
21 | .installed.cfg
22 | lib
23 | lib64
24 | __pycache__
25 |
26 | # Installer logs
27 | pip-log.txt
28 |
29 | # Unit test / coverage reports
30 | .coverage
31 | .tox
32 | nosetests.xml
33 |
34 | ######################
35 | # OS generated files #
36 | ######################
37 | .DS_Store
38 | .DS_Store?
39 | ._*
40 | .Spotlight-V100
41 | .Trashes
42 | Icon?
43 | ehthumbs.db
44 | Thumbs.db
45 | dist
46 | MANIFEST
47 |
48 | # Translations
49 | *.mo
50 |
51 | # Mr Developer
52 | .mr.developer.cfg
53 | .project
54 | .pydevproject
55 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 | Version 2, June 1991
3 |
4 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., Index ')
17 |
18 | async def hello(request):
19 | await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
20 | text = 'hello, %s! ' % request.match_info['name']
21 | return web.Response(body=text.encode('utf-8'))
22 |
23 | async def init(loop):
24 | app = web.Application(loop=loop)
25 | app.router.add_route('GET', '/', index)
26 | app.router.add_route('GET', '/hello/{name}', hello)
27 | srv = await loop.create_server(app.make_handler(), '127.0.0.1', 8000)
28 | print('Server started at http://127.0.0.1:8000...')
29 | return srv
30 |
31 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
32 | loop.run_until_complete(init(loop))
33 | loop.run_forever()
34 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/async/async_hello.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import threading
5 | import asyncio
6 |
7 | @asyncio.coroutine
8 | def hello():
9 | print('Hello world! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
10 | yield from asyncio.sleep(1)
11 | print('Hello again! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
12 |
13 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
14 | tasks = [hello(), hello()]
15 | loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
16 | loop.close()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/async/async_hello2.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import threading
5 | import asyncio
6 |
7 | async def hello():
8 | print('Hello world! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
9 | await asyncio.sleep(1)
10 | print('Hello again! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
11 |
12 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
13 | tasks = [hello(), hello()]
14 | loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
15 | loop.close()
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/async/async_wget.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import asyncio
5 |
6 | @asyncio.coroutine
7 | def wget(host):
8 | print('wget %s...' % host)
9 | connect = asyncio.open_connection(host, 80)
10 | reader, writer = yield from connect
11 | header = 'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n' % host
12 | writer.write(header.encode('utf-8'))
13 | yield from writer.drain()
14 | while True:
15 | line = yield from reader.readline()
16 | if line == b'\r\n':
17 | break
18 | print('%s header > %s' % (host, line.decode('utf-8').rstrip()))
19 | # Ignore the body, close the socket
20 | writer.close()
21 |
22 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
23 | tasks = [wget(host) for host in ['www.sina.com.cn', 'www.sohu.com', 'www.163.com']]
24 | loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
25 | loop.close()
26 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/async/async_wget2.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import threading
5 | import asyncio
6 |
7 | async def hello():
8 | print('Hello world! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
9 | await asyncio.sleep(1)
10 | print('Hello again! (%s)' % threading.currentThread())
11 |
12 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
13 | tasks = [hello(), hello()]
14 | loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
15 | loop.close()
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/async/coroutine.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def consumer():
5 | r = ''
6 | while True:
7 | n = yield r
8 | if not n:
9 | return
10 | print('[CONSUMER] Consuming %s...' % n)
11 | r = '200 OK'
12 |
13 | def produce(c):
14 | c.send(None)
15 | n = 0
16 | while n < 5:
17 | n = n + 1
18 | print('[PRODUCER] Producing %s...' % n)
19 | r = c.send(n)
20 | print('[PRODUCER] Consumer return: %s' % r)
21 | c.close()
22 |
23 | c = consumer()
24 | produce(c)
25 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_for.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | # 打印list:
5 | names = ['Michael', 'Bob', 'Tracy']
6 | for name in names:
7 | print(name)
8 |
9 | # 打印数字 0 - 9
10 | for x in range(10):
11 | print(x)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_if.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | # 注意:
5 | # input()返回的是字符串
6 | # 必须通过int()将字符串转换为整数
7 | # 才能用于数值比较:
8 | age = int(input('Input your age: '))
9 |
10 | if age >= 18:
11 | print('adult')
12 | elif age >= 6:
13 | print('teenager')
14 | else:
15 | print('kid')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_input.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | name = input()
5 | print('Hello,', name)
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_match.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | # 简单匹配:
5 | print('-- simple match --')
6 |
7 | score = 'A'
8 |
9 | match score:
10 | case 'A':
11 | print('score is A.')
12 | case 'B':
13 | print('score is B.')
14 | case 'C':
15 | print('score is C.')
16 | case _:
17 | print('score is ???.')
18 |
19 | # 复杂匹配:
20 | print('-- complex match --')
21 |
22 | age = 15
23 |
24 | match age:
25 | case x if x < 10:
26 | print('< 10 years old.')
27 | case 10:
28 | print('10 years old.')
29 | case 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18:
30 | print('11~18 years old.')
31 | case 19:
32 | print('19 years old.')
33 | case _:
34 | print('not sure.')
35 |
36 | # 列表匹配:
37 | print('-- match list --')
38 |
39 | args = ['gcc', 'hello.c', 'world.c']
40 | # args = ['clean']
41 | # args = ['gcc']
42 |
43 | match args:
44 | # 如果仅出现gcc，报错:
45 | case ['gcc']:
46 | print('gcc: missing source file(s).')
47 | # 出现gcc，且至少指定了一个文件:
48 | case ['gcc', file1, *files]:
49 | print('gcc compile: ' + file1 + ', ' + ', '.join(files))
50 | # 仅出现clean:
51 | case ['clean']:
52 | print('clean')
53 | case _:
54 | print('invalid command.')
55 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_print.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | print('The quick brown fox', 'jumps over', 'the lazy dog')
5 | print(300)
6 | print(100 + 200)
7 | print('100 + 200 =', 100 + 200)
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/do_while.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | # 计算1+2+3+...+100:
5 | sum = 0
6 | n = 1
7 | while n <= 100:
8 | sum = sum + n
9 | n = n + 1
10 | print(sum)
11 |
12 | # 计算1x2x3x...x100:
13 | acc = 1
14 | n = 1
15 | while n <= 100:
16 | acc = acc * n
17 | n = n + 1
18 | print(acc)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/hello/hello.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | print('Hello, world')
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/the_dict.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | d = {
5 | 'Michael': 95,
6 | 'Bob': 75,
7 | 'Tracy': 85
8 | }
9 | print('d[\'Michael\'] =', d['Michael'])
10 | print('d[\'Bob\'] =', d['Bob'])
11 | print('d[\'Tracy\'] =', d['Tracy'])
12 | print('d.get(\'Thomas\', -1) =', d.get('Thomas', -1))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/the_list.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | classmates = ['Michael', 'Bob', 'Tracy']
5 | print('classmates =', classmates)
6 | print('len(classmates) =', len(classmates))
7 | print('classmates[0] =', classmates[0])
8 | print('classmates[1] =', classmates[1])
9 | print('classmates[2] =', classmates[2])
10 | print('classmates[-1] =', classmates[-1])
11 | classmates.pop()
12 | print('classmates =', classmates)
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/the_set.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | s1 = set([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3])
5 | print(s1)
6 | s2 = set([2, 3, 4])
7 | print(s1 & s2)
8 | print(s1 | s2)
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/the_string.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | s = 'Python-中文'
5 | print(s)
6 | b = s.encode('utf-8')
7 | print(b)
8 | print(b.decode('utf-8'))
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/basic/the_tuple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | classmates = ('Michael', 'Bob', 'Tracy')
5 | print('classmates =', classmates)
6 | print('len(classmates) =', len(classmates))
7 | print('classmates[0] =', classmates[0])
8 | print('classmates[1] =', classmates[1])
9 | print('classmates[2] =', classmates[2])
10 | print('classmates[-1] =', classmates[-1])
11 |
12 | # cannot modify tuple:
13 | classmates[0] = 'Adam'
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/check_bmp.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import struct
5 |
6 | bmp_header = b'\x42\x4d\x38\x8c\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x36\x00\x00\x00\x28\x00\x00\x00\x80\x02\x00\x00\x68\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00'
7 |
8 | print(struct.unpack(' timestamp:', dt.timestamp())
17 |
18 | # 把timestamp转换为datetime:
19 | t = dt.timestamp()
20 | print('timestamp -> datetime:', datetime.fromtimestamp(t))
21 | print('timestamp -> datetime as UTC+0:', datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t))
22 |
23 | # 从str读取datetime:
24 | cday = datetime.strptime('2015-6-1 18:19:59', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
25 | print('strptime:', cday)
26 |
27 | # 把datetime格式化输出:
28 | print('strftime:', cday.strftime('%a, %b %d %H:%M'))
29 |
30 | # 对日期进行加减:
31 | print('current datetime =', cday)
32 | print('current + 10 hours =', cday + timedelta(hours=10))
33 | print('current - 1 day =', cday - timedelta(days=1))
34 | print('current + 2.5 days =', cday + timedelta(days=2, hours=12))
35 |
36 | # 把时间从UTC+0时区转换为UTC+8:
37 | utc_dt = datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
38 | utc8_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
39 | print('UTC+0:00 now =', utc_dt)
40 | print('UTC+8:00 now =', utc8_dt)
41 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/use_hashlib.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import hashlib
5 |
6 | md5 = hashlib.md5()
7 | md5.update('how to use md5 in python hashlib?'.encode('utf-8'))
8 | print(md5.hexdigest())
9 |
10 | sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
11 | sha1.update('how to use sha1 in '.encode('utf-8'))
12 | sha1.update('python hashlib?'.encode('utf-8'))
13 | print(sha1.hexdigest())
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/use_htmlparser.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from html.parser import HTMLParser
5 | from html.entities import name2codepoint
6 |
7 | class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
8 |
9 | def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
10 | print('<%s>' % tag)
11 |
12 | def handle_endtag(self, tag):
13 | print('' % tag)
14 |
15 | def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
16 | print('<%s/>' % tag)
17 |
18 | def handle_data(self, data):
19 | print(data)
20 |
21 | def handle_comment(self, data):
22 | print('')
23 |
24 | def handle_entityref(self, name):
25 | print('&%s;' % name)
26 |
27 | def handle_charref(self, name):
28 | print('&#%s;' % name)
29 |
30 | parser = MyHTMLParser()
31 | parser.feed('''
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 | Some html HTML tutorial...
36 | ''')
37 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/use_itertools.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import itertools
5 |
6 | natuals = itertools.count(1)
7 | for n in natuals:
8 | print(n)
9 | if n >= 100:
10 | break
11 |
12 | cs = itertools.cycle('ABC')
13 | t = 10
14 | for c in cs:
15 | print(c)
16 | t = t - 1
17 | if t == 0:
18 | break
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/use_sax.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from xml.parsers.expat import ParserCreate
5 |
6 | class DefaultSaxHandler(object):
7 | def start_element(self, name, attrs):
8 | print('sax:start_element: %s, attrs: %s' % (name, str(attrs)))
9 |
10 | def end_element(self, name):
11 | print('sax:end_element: %s' % name)
12 |
13 | def char_data(self, text):
14 | print('sax:char_data: %s' % text)
15 |
16 | xml = r'''
17 |
18 | Python Ruby
21 | '''
22 |
23 | handler = DefaultSaxHandler()
24 | parser = ParserCreate()
25 | parser.StartElementHandler = handler.start_element
26 | parser.EndElementHandler = handler.end_element
27 | parser.CharacterDataHandler = handler.char_data
28 | parser.Parse(xml)
29 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/commonlib/use_urllib.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from urllib import request, parse
5 |
6 | # get:
7 |
8 | with request.urlopen('https://api.douban.com/v2/book/2129650') as f:
9 | data = f.read()
10 | print('Status:', f.status, f.reason)
11 | for k, v in f.getheaders():
12 | print('%s: %s' % (k, v))
13 | print('Data:', data.decode('utf-8'))
14 |
15 | # advanced get:
16 |
17 | req = request.Request('http://www.douban.com/')
18 | req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25')
19 | with request.urlopen(req) as f:
20 | print('Status:', f.status, f.reason)
21 | for k, v in f.getheaders():
22 | print('%s: %s' % (k, v))
23 | print('Data:', f.read().decode('utf-8'))
24 |
25 | # post:
26 |
27 | print('Login to weibo.cn...')
28 | email = input('Email: ')
29 | passwd = input('Password: ')
30 | login_data = parse.urlencode([
31 | ('username', email),
32 | ('password', passwd),
33 | ('entry', 'mweibo'),
34 | ('client_id', ''),
35 | ('savestate', '1'),
36 | ('ec', ''),
37 | ('pagerefer', 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/welcome?entry=mweibo&r=http%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom&jumpfrom=weibocom')
38 | ])
39 |
40 | req = request.Request('https://passport.weibo.cn/sso/login')
41 | req.add_header('Origin', 'https://passport.weibo.cn')
42 | req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25')
43 | req.add_header('Referer', 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=http%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F%3Fjumpfrom%3Dweibocom')
44 |
45 | with request.urlopen(req, data=login_data.encode('utf-8')) as f:
46 | print('Status:', f.status, f.reason)
47 | for k, v in f.getheaders():
48 | print('%s: %s' % (k, v))
49 | print('Data:', f.read().decode('utf-8'))
50 |
51 | # with proxy and proxy auth:
52 |
53 | proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})
54 | proxy_auth_handler = urllib.request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler()
55 | proxy_auth_handler.add_password('realm', 'host', 'username', 'password')
56 | opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, proxy_auth_handler)
57 | with opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html') as f:
58 | pass
59 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/context/do_closing.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from contextlib import contextmanager
5 |
6 | @contextmanager
7 | def closing(fname):
8 | f = None
9 | try:
10 | f = open(fname, 'r')
11 | yield f
12 | finally:
13 | if f:
14 | f.close()
15 |
16 | with closing('test.txt') as f:
17 | print(f.read())
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/context/do_suppress.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import os
5 |
6 | from contextlib import suppress
7 |
8 | with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
9 | os.remove('tempfile.1')
10 | os.remove('tempfile.2')
11 | os.remove('tempfile.3')
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/context/do_with.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from contextlib import contextmanager
5 |
6 | @contextmanager
7 | def log(name):
8 | print('[%s] start...' % name)
9 | yield
10 | print('[%s] end.' % name)
11 |
12 | with log('DEBUG'):
13 | print('Hello, world!')
14 | print('Hello, Python!')
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/db/do_mysql.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | ########## prepare ##########
5 |
6 | # install mysql-connector-python:
7 | # pip3 install mysql-connector-python --allow-external mysql-connector-python
8 |
9 | import mysql.connector
10 |
11 | # change root password to yours:
12 | conn = mysql.connector.connect(user='root', password='password', database='test')
13 |
14 | cursor = conn.cursor()
15 | # 创建user表:
16 | cursor.execute('create table user (id varchar(20) primary key, name varchar(20))')
17 | # 插入一行记录，注意MySQL的占位符是%s:
18 | cursor.execute('insert into user (id, name) values (%s, %s)', ('1', 'Michael'))
19 | print('rowcount =', cursor.rowcount)
20 | # 提交事务:
21 | conn.commit()
22 | cursor.close()
23 |
24 | # 运行查询:
25 | cursor = conn.cursor()
26 | cursor.execute('select * from user where id = %s', ('1',))
27 | values = cursor.fetchall()
28 | print(values)
29 | # 关闭Cursor和Connection:
30 | cursor.close()
31 | conn.close()
32 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/db/do_sqlalchemy.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine
5 | from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
6 | from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
7 |
8 | # 创建对象的基类:
9 | Base = declarative_base()
10 |
11 | # 定义User对象:
12 | class User(Base):
13 | # 表的名字:
14 | __tablename__ = 'user'
15 |
16 | # 表的结构:
17 | id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
18 | name = Column(String(20))
19 |
20 | # 初始化数据库连接:
21 | engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:password@localhost:3306/test')
22 | # 创建DBSession类型:
23 | DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
24 |
25 | # 创建session对象:
26 | session = DBSession()
27 | # 创建新User对象:
28 | new_user = User(id='5', name='Bob')
29 | # 添加到session:
30 | session.add(new_user)
31 | # 提交即保存到数据库:
32 | session.commit()
33 | # 关闭session:
34 | session.close()
35 |
36 | # 创建Session:
37 | session = DBSession()
38 | # 创建Query查询，filter是where条件，最后调用one()返回唯一行，如果调用all()则返回所有行:
39 | user = session.query(User).filter(User.id=='5').one()
40 | # 打印类型和对象的name属性:
41 | print('type:', type(user))
42 | print('name:', user.name)
43 | # 关闭Session:
44 | session.close()
45 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/db/do_sqlite.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import sqlite3
5 |
6 | # 连接到SQLite数据库
7 | # 数据库文件是test.db
8 | # 如果文件不存在，会自动在当前目录创建:
9 | conn = sqlite3.connect('test.db')
10 | # 创建一个Cursor:
11 | cursor = conn.cursor()
12 | # 执行一条SQL语句，创建user表:
13 | cursor.execute('create table user (id varchar(20) primary key, name varchar(20))')
14 | # 继续执行一条SQL语句，插入一条记录:
15 | cursor.execute('insert into user (id, name) values (\'1\', \'Michael\')')
16 | # 通过rowcount获得插入的行数:
17 | print('rowcount =', cursor.rowcount)
18 | # 关闭Cursor:
19 | cursor.close()
20 | # 提交事务:
21 | conn.commit()
22 | # 关闭Connection:
23 | conn.close()
24 |
25 | # 查询记录：
26 | conn = sqlite3.connect('test.db')
27 | cursor = conn.cursor()
28 | # 执行查询语句:
29 | cursor.execute('select * from user where id=?', '1')
30 | # 获得查询结果集:
31 | values = cursor.fetchall()
32 | print(values)
33 | cursor.close()
34 | conn.close()
35 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/do_assert.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def foo(s):
5 | n = int(s)
6 | assert n != 0, 'n is zero!'
7 | return 10 / n
8 |
9 | def main():
10 | foo('0')
11 |
12 | main()
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/do_logging.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import logging
5 | logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
6 |
7 | s = '0'
8 | n = int(s)
9 | logging.info('n = %d' % n)
10 | print(10 / n)
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/do_pdb.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import pdb
5 |
6 | s = '0'
7 | n = int(s)
8 | pdb.set_trace() # 运行到这里会自动暂停
9 | print(10 / n)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/do_try.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | try:
5 | print('try...')
6 | r = 10 / 0
7 | print('result:', r)
8 | except ZeroDivisionError as e:
9 | print('except:', e)
10 | finally:
11 | print('finally...')
12 | print('END')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/err.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # err.py
2 | def foo(s):
3 | return 10 / int(s)
4 |
5 | def bar(s):
6 | return foo(s) * 2
7 |
8 | def main():
9 | bar('0')
10 |
11 | main()
12 |
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/err_logging.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # err_logging.py
2 |
3 | import logging
4 |
5 | def foo(s):
6 | return 10 / int(s)
7 |
8 | def bar(s):
9 | return foo(s) * 2
10 |
11 | def main():
12 | try:
13 | bar('0')
14 | except Exception as e:
15 | logging.exception(e)
16 |
17 | main()
18 | print('END')
19 |
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/err_raise.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # err_raise.py
2 | class FooError(ValueError):
3 | pass
4 |
5 | def foo(s):
6 | n = int(s)
7 | if n==0:
8 | raise FooError('invalid value: %s' % s)
9 | return 10 / n
10 |
11 | foo('0')
12 |
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/err_reraise.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # err_reraise.py
2 |
3 | def foo(s):
4 | n = int(s)
5 | if n==0:
6 | raise ValueError('invalid value: %s' % s)
7 | return 10 / n
8 |
9 | def bar():
10 | try:
11 | foo('0')
12 | except ValueError as e:
13 | print('ValueError!')
14 | raise
15 |
16 | bar()
17 |
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/mydict.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | class Dict(dict):
2 |
3 | def __init__(self, **kw):
4 | super().__init__(**kw)
5 |
6 | def __getattr__(self, key):
7 | try:
8 | return self[key]
9 | except KeyError:
10 | raise AttributeError(r"'Dict' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
11 |
12 | def __setattr__(self, key, value):
13 | self[key] = value
14 |
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/mydict2.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | class Dict(dict):
5 | '''
6 | Simple dict but also support access as x.y style.
7 |
8 | >>> d1 = Dict()
9 | >>> d1['x'] = 100
10 | >>> d1.x
11 | 100
12 | >>> d1.y = 200
13 | >>> d1['y']
14 | 200
15 | >>> d2 = Dict(a=1, b=2, c='3')
16 | >>> d2.c
17 | '3'
18 | >>> d2['empty']
19 | Traceback (most recent call last):
20 | ...
21 | KeyError: 'empty'
22 | >>> d2.empty
23 | Traceback (most recent call last):
24 | ...
25 | AttributeError: 'Dict' object has no attribute 'empty'
26 | '''
27 | def __init__(self, **kw):
28 | super(Dict, self).__init__(**kw)
29 |
30 | def __getattr__(self, key):
31 | try:
32 | return self[key]
33 | except KeyError:
34 | raise AttributeError(r"'Dict' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
35 |
36 | def __setattr__(self, key, value):
37 | self[key] = value
38 |
39 | if __name__=='__main__':
40 | import doctest
41 | doctest.testmod()
42 |
43 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/debug/mydict_test.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import unittest
5 |
6 | from mydict import Dict
7 |
8 | class TestDict(unittest.TestCase):
9 |
10 | def test_init(self):
11 | d = Dict(a=1, b='test')
12 | self.assertEqual(d.a, 1)
13 | self.assertEqual(d.b, 'test')
14 | self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, dict))
15 |
16 | def test_key(self):
17 | d = Dict()
18 | d['key'] = 'value'
19 | self.assertEqual(d.key, 'value')
20 |
21 | def test_attr(self):
22 | d = Dict()
23 | d.key = 'value'
24 | self.assertTrue('key' in d)
25 | self.assertEqual(d['key'], 'value')
26 |
27 | def test_keyerror(self):
28 | d = Dict()
29 | with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
30 | value = d['empty']
31 |
32 | def test_attrerror(self):
33 | d = Dict()
34 | with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
35 | value = d.empty
36 |
37 | if __name__ == '__main__':
38 | unittest.main()
39 |
40 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/function/call_func.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | x = abs(100)
5 | y = abs(-20)
6 | print(x, y)
7 | print('max(1, 2, 3) =', max(1, 2, 3))
8 | print('min(1, 2, 3) =', min(1, 2, 3))
9 | print('sum([1, 2, 3]) =', sum([1, 2, 3]))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/function/def_func.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import math
5 |
6 | def my_abs(x):
7 | if not isinstance(x, (int, float)):
8 | raise TypeError('bad operand type')
9 | if x >= 0:
10 | return x
11 | else:
12 | return -x
13 |
14 | def move(x, y, step, angle=0):
15 | nx = x + step * math.cos(angle)
16 | ny = y - step * math.sin(angle)
17 | return nx, ny
18 |
19 | n = my_abs(-20)
20 | print(n)
21 |
22 | x, y = move(100, 100, 60, math.pi / 6)
23 | print(x, y)
24 |
25 | # TypeError: bad operand type:
26 | my_abs('123')
27 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/function/kw_args.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def print_scores(**kw):
5 | print(' Name Score')
6 | print('------------------')
7 | for name, score in kw.items():
8 | print('%10s %d' % (name, score))
9 | print()
10 |
11 | print_scores(Adam=99, Lisa=88, Bart=77)
12 |
13 | data = {
14 | 'Adam Lee': 99,
15 | 'Lisa S': 88,
16 | 'F.Bart': 77
17 | }
18 |
19 | print_scores(**data)
20 |
21 | def print_info(name, *, gender, city='Beijing', age):
22 | print('Personal Info')
23 | print('---------------')
24 | print(' Name: %s' % name)
25 | print(' Gender: %s' % gender)
26 | print(' City: %s' % city)
27 | print(' Age: %s' % age)
28 | print()
29 |
30 | print_info('Bob', gender='male', age=20)
31 | print_info('Lisa', gender='female', city='Shanghai', age=18)
32 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/function/recur.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | # 利用递归函数计算阶乘
5 | # N! = 1 * 2 * 3 * ... * N
6 | def fact(n):
7 | if n == 1:
8 | return 1
9 | return n * fact(n-1)
10 |
11 | print('fact(1) =', fact(1))
12 | print('fact(5) =', fact(5))
13 | print('fact(10) =', fact(10))
14 |
15 | # 利用递归函数移动汉诺塔:
16 | def move(n, a, b, c):
17 | if n == 1:
18 | print('move', a, '-->', c)
19 | else:
20 | move(n-1, a, c, b)
21 | move(1, a, b, c)
22 | move(n-1, b, a, c)
23 |
24 | move(4, 'A', 'B', 'C')
25 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/function/var_args.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def hello(greeting, *args):
5 | if (len(args)==0):
6 | print('%s!' % greeting)
7 | else:
8 | print('%s, %s!' % (greeting, ', '.join(args)))
9 |
10 | hello('Hi') # => greeting='Hi', args=()
11 | hello('Hi', 'Sarah') # => greeting='Hi', args=('Sarah')
12 | hello('Hello', 'Michael', 'Bob', 'Adam') # => greeting='Hello', args=('Michael', 'Bob', 'Adam')
13 |
14 | names = ('Bart', 'Lisa')
15 | hello('Hello', *names) # => greeting='Hello', args=('Bart', 'Lisa')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/decorator.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import functools
5 |
6 | def log(func):
7 | @functools.wraps(func)
8 | def wrapper(*args, **kw):
9 | print('call %s():' % func.__name__)
10 | return func(*args, **kw)
11 | return wrapper
12 |
13 | @log
14 | def now():
15 | print('2015-3-25')
16 |
17 | now()
18 |
19 | def logger(text):
20 | def decorator(func):
21 | @functools.wraps(func)
22 | def wrapper(*args, **kw):
23 | print('%s %s():' % (text, func.__name__))
24 | return func(*args, **kw)
25 | return wrapper
26 | return decorator
27 |
28 | @logger('DEBUG')
29 | def today():
30 | print('2015-3-25')
31 |
32 | today()
33 | print(today.__name__)
34 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/do_filter.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def is_odd(n):
5 | return n % 2 == 1
6 |
7 | L = range(100)
8 |
9 | print(list(filter(is_odd, L)))
10 |
11 | def not_empty(s):
12 | return s and s.strip()
13 |
14 | print(list(filter(not_empty, ['A', '', 'B', None, 'C', ' '])))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/do_map.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def f(x):
5 | return x * x
6 |
7 | print(list(map(f, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])))
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/do_partial.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import functools
5 |
6 | int2 = functools.partial(int, base=2)
7 |
8 | print('1000000 =', int2('1000000'))
9 | print('1010101 =', int2('1010101'))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/do_reduce.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from functools import reduce
5 |
6 | CHAR_TO_INT = {
7 | '0': 0,
8 | '1': 1,
9 | '2': 2,
10 | '3': 3,
11 | '4': 4,
12 | '5': 5,
13 | '6': 6,
14 | '7': 7,
15 | '8': 8,
16 | '9': 9
17 | }
18 |
19 | def str2int(s):
20 | ints = map(lambda ch: CHAR_TO_INT[ch], s)
21 | return reduce(lambda x, y: x * 10 + y, ints)
22 |
23 | print(str2int('0'))
24 | print(str2int('12300'))
25 | print(str2int('0012345'))
26 |
27 | CHAR_TO_FLOAT = {
28 | '0': 0,
29 | '1': 1,
30 | '2': 2,
31 | '3': 3,
32 | '4': 4,
33 | '5': 5,
34 | '6': 6,
35 | '7': 7,
36 | '8': 8,
37 | '9': 9,
38 | '.': -1
39 | }
40 |
41 | def str2float(s):
42 | nums = map(lambda ch: CHAR_TO_FLOAT[ch], s)
43 | point = 0
44 | def to_float(f, n):
45 | nonlocal point
46 | if n == -1:
47 | point = 1
48 | return f
49 | if point == 0:
50 | return f * 10 + n
51 | else:
52 | point = point * 10
53 | return f + n / point
54 | return reduce(to_float, nums, 0.0)
55 |
56 | print(str2float('0'))
57 | print(str2float('123.456'))
58 | print(str2float('123.45600'))
59 | print(str2float('0.1234'))
60 | print(str2float('.1234'))
61 | print(str2float('120.0034'))
62 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/do_sorted.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from operator import itemgetter
5 |
6 | L = ['bob', 'about', 'Zoo', 'Credit']
7 |
8 | print(sorted(L))
9 | print(sorted(L, key=str.lower))
10 |
11 | students = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]
12 |
13 | print(sorted(students, key=itemgetter(0)))
14 | print(sorted(students, key=lambda t: t[1]))
15 | print(sorted(students, key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/prime_numbers.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def main():
5 | for n in primes():
6 | if n < 1000:
7 | print(n)
8 | else:
9 | break
10 |
11 | def _odd_iter():
12 | n = 1
13 | while True:
14 | n = n + 2
15 | yield n
16 |
17 | def _not_divisible(n):
18 | return lambda x: x % n > 0
19 |
20 | def primes():
21 | yield 2
22 | it = _odd_iter()
23 | while True:
24 | n = next(it)
25 | yield n
26 | it = filter(_not_divisible(n), it)
27 |
28 | if __name__ == '__main__':
29 | main()
30 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/functional/return_func.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def lazy_sum(*args):
5 | def sum():
6 | ax = 0
7 | for n in args:
8 | ax = ax + n
9 | return ax
10 | return sum
11 |
12 | f = lazy_sum(1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9)
13 | print(f)
14 | print(f())
15 |
16 | # why f1(), f2(), f3() returns 9, 9, 9 rather than 1, 4, 9?
17 | def count():
18 | fs = []
19 | for i in range(1, 4):
20 | def f():
21 | return i * i
22 | fs.append(f)
23 | return fs
24 |
25 | f1, f2, f3 = count()
26 |
27 | print(f1())
28 | print(f2())
29 | print(f3())
30 |
31 | # fix:
32 | def count():
33 | fs = []
34 | def f(n):
35 | def j():
36 | return n * n
37 | return j
38 | for i in range(1, 4):
39 | fs.append(f(i))
40 | return fs
41 |
42 | f1, f2, f3 = count()
43 |
44 | print(f1())
45 | print(f2())
46 | print(f3())
47 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/gui/hello_gui.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from tkinter import *
5 | import tkinter.messagebox as messagebox
6 |
7 | class Application(Frame):
8 | def __init__(self, master=None):
9 | Frame.__init__(self, master)
10 | self.pack()
11 | self.createWidgets()
12 |
13 | def createWidgets(self):
14 | self.nameInput = Entry(self)
15 | self.nameInput.pack()
16 | self.alertButton = Button(self, text='Hello', command=self.hello)
17 | self.alertButton.pack()
18 |
19 | def hello(self):
20 | name = self.nameInput.get() or 'world'
21 | messagebox.showinfo('Message', 'Hello, %s' % name)
22 |
23 | app = Application()
24 | # 设置窗口标题:
25 | app.master.title('Hello World')
26 | # 主消息循环:
27 | app.mainloop()
28 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/gui/turtle/rect.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # 导入turtle包的所有内容:
2 | from turtle import *
3 |
4 | # 设置笔刷宽度:
5 | width(4)
6 |
7 | # 前进:
8 | forward(200)
9 | # 右转90度:
10 | right(90)
11 |
12 | # 笔刷颜色:
13 | pencolor('red')
14 | forward(100)
15 | right(90)
16 |
17 | pencolor('green')
18 | forward(200)
19 | right(90)
20 |
21 | pencolor('blue')
22 | forward(100)
23 | right(90)
24 |
25 | # 调用done()使得窗口等待被关闭，否则将立刻关闭窗口:
26 | done()
27 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/gui/turtle/stars.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from turtle import *
2 |
3 | def drawStar(x, y):
4 | pu()
5 | goto(x, y)
6 | pd()
7 | # set heading: 0
8 | seth(0)
9 | for i in range(5):
10 | fd(40)
11 | rt(144)
12 |
13 | for x in range(0, 250, 50):
14 | drawStar(x, 0)
15 |
16 | done()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/gui/turtle/tree.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from turtle import *
2 |
3 | colormode(255)
4 |
5 | lt(90)
6 |
7 | lv = 14
8 | l = 120
9 | s = 45
10 |
11 | width(lv)
12 |
13 | r = 0
14 | g = 0
15 | b = 0
16 | pencolor(r, g, b)
17 |
18 | penup()
19 | bk(l)
20 | pendown()
21 | fd(l)
22 |
23 | def draw_tree(l, level):
24 | global r, g, b
25 | # save the current pen width
26 | w = width()
27 |
28 | # narrow the pen width
29 | width(w * 3.0 / 4.0)
30 | # set color:
31 | r = r + 1
32 | g = g + 2
33 | b = b + 3
34 | pencolor(r % 200, g % 200, b % 200)
35 |
36 | l = 3.0 / 4.0 * l
37 |
38 | lt(s)
39 | fd(l)
40 |
41 | if level < lv:
42 | draw_tree(l, level + 1)
43 | bk(l)
44 | rt(2 * s)
45 | fd(l)
46 |
47 | if level < lv:
48 | draw_tree(l, level + 1)
49 | bk(l)
50 | lt(s)
51 |
52 | # restore the previous pen width
53 | width(w)
54 |
55 | speed("fastest")
56 |
57 | draw_tree(l, 4)
58 |
59 | done()
60 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/do_bytesio.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from io import BytesIO
5 |
6 | # write to BytesIO:
7 | f = BytesIO()
8 | f.write(b'hello')
9 | f.write(b' ')
10 | f.write(b'world!')
11 | print(f.getvalue())
12 |
13 | # read from BytesIO:
14 | data = '人闲桂花落，夜静春山空。月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中。'.encode('utf-8')
15 | f = BytesIO(data)
16 | print(f.read())
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/do_dir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from datetime import datetime
5 | import os
6 |
7 | pwd = os.path.abspath('.')
8 |
9 | print(' Size Last Modified Name')
10 | print('------------------------------------------------------------')
11 |
12 | for f in os.listdir(pwd):
13 | fsize = os.path.getsize(f)
14 | mtime = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(f)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
15 | flag = '/' if os.path.isdir(f) else ''
16 | print('%10d %s %s%s' % (fsize, mtime, f, flag))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/do_stringio.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from io import StringIO
5 |
6 | # write to StringIO:
7 | f = StringIO()
8 | f.write('hello')
9 | f.write(' ')
10 | f.write('world!')
11 | print(f.getvalue())
12 |
13 | # read from StringIO:
14 | f = StringIO('水面细风生，\n菱歌慢慢声。\n客亭临小市，\n灯火夜妆明。')
15 | while True:
16 | s = f.readline()
17 | if s == '':
18 | break
19 | print(s.strip())
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/use_json.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import json
5 |
6 | d = dict(name='Bob', age=20, score=88)
7 | data = json.dumps(d)
8 | print('JSON Data is a str:', data)
9 | reborn = json.loads(data)
10 | print(reborn)
11 |
12 | class Student(object):
13 |
14 | def __init__(self, name, age, score):
15 | self.name = name
16 | self.age = age
17 | self.score = score
18 |
19 | def __str__(self):
20 | return 'Student object (%s, %s, %s)' % (self.name, self.age, self.score)
21 |
22 | s = Student('Bob', 20, 88)
23 | std_data = json.dumps(s, default=lambda obj: obj.__dict__)
24 | print('Dump Student:', std_data)
25 | rebuild = json.loads(std_data, object_hook=lambda d: Student(d['name'], d['age'], d['score']))
26 | print(rebuild)
27 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/use_pickle.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | import pickle
5 |
6 | d = dict(name='Bob', age=20, score=88)
7 | data = pickle.dumps(d)
8 | print(data)
9 |
10 | reborn = pickle.loads(data)
11 | print(reborn)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/io/with_file.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from datetime import datetime
5 |
6 | with open('test.txt', 'w') as f:
7 | f.write('今天是 ')
8 | f.write(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
9 |
10 | with open('test.txt', 'r') as f:
11 | s = f.read()
12 | print('open for read...')
13 | print(s)
14 |
15 | with open('test.txt', 'rb') as f:
16 | s = f.read()
17 | print('open as binary for read...')
18 | print(s)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/mail/fetch_mail.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from email.parser import Parser
5 | from email.header import decode_header
6 | from email.utils import parseaddr
7 |
8 | import poplib
9 |
10 | # 输入邮件地址, 口令和POP3服务器地址:
11 | email = input('Email: ')
12 | password = input('Password: ')
13 | pop3_server = input('POP3 server: ')
14 |
15 | def guess_charset(msg):
16 | charset = msg.get_charset()
17 | if charset is None:
18 | content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
19 | pos = content_type.find('charset=')
20 | if pos >= 0:
21 | charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
22 | return charset
23 |
24 | def decode_str(s):
25 | value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
26 | if charset:
27 | value = value.decode(charset)
28 | return value
29 |
30 | def print_info(msg, indent=0):
31 | if indent == 0:
32 | for header in ['From', 'To', 'Subject']:
33 | value = msg.get(header, '')
34 | if value:
35 | if header=='Subject':
36 | value = decode_str(value)
37 | else:
38 | hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
39 | name = decode_str(hdr)
40 | value = u'%s <%s>' % (name, addr)
41 | print('%s%s: %s' % (' ' * indent, header, value))
42 | if (msg.is_multipart()):
43 | parts = msg.get_payload()
44 | for n, part in enumerate(parts):
45 | print('%spart %s' % (' ' * indent, n))
46 | print('%s--------------------' % (' ' * indent))
47 | print_info(part, indent + 1)
48 | else:
49 | content_type = msg.get_content_type()
50 | if content_type=='text/plain' or content_type=='text/html':
51 | content = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
52 | charset = guess_charset(msg)
53 | if charset:
54 | content = content.decode(charset)
55 | print('%sText: %s' % (' ' * indent, content + '...'))
56 | else:
57 | print('%sAttachment: %s' % (' ' * indent, content_type))
58 |
59 | # 连接到POP3服务器:
60 | server = poplib.POP3(pop3_server)
61 | # 可以打开或关闭调试信息:
62 | server.set_debuglevel(1)
63 | # 可选:打印POP3服务器的欢迎文字:
64 | print(server.getwelcome().decode('utf-8'))
65 | # 身份认证:
66 | server.user(email)
67 | server.pass_(password)
68 | # stat()返回邮件数量和占用空间:
69 | print('Messages: %s. Size: %s' % server.stat())
70 | # list()返回所有邮件的编号:
71 | resp, mails, octets = server.list()
72 | # 可以查看返回的列表类似[b'1 82923', b'2 2184', ...]
73 | print(mails)
74 | # 获取最新一封邮件, 注意索引号从1开始:
75 | index = len(mails)
76 | resp, lines, octets = server.retr(index)
77 | # lines存储了邮件的原始文本的每一行,
78 | # 可以获得整个邮件的原始文本:
79 | msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
80 | # 稍后解析出邮件:
81 | msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
82 | print_info(msg)
83 | # 可以根据邮件索引号直接从服务器删除邮件:
84 | # server.dele(index)
85 | # 关闭连接:
86 | server.quit()
87 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/mail/send_mail.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from email import encoders
5 | from email.header import Header
6 | from email.mime.text import MIMEText
7 | from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
8 | import smtplib
9 |
10 | def _format_addr(s):
11 | name, addr = parseaddr(s)
12 | return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
13 |
14 | from_addr = input('From: ')
15 | password = input('Password: ')
16 | to_addr = input('To: ')
17 | smtp_server = input('SMTP server: ')
18 |
19 | msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
20 | msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
21 | msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
22 | msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
23 |
24 | server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
25 | server.set_debuglevel(1)
26 | server.login(from_addr, password)
27 | server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
28 | server.quit()
29 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/hellorobot/.vscode/extensions.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | // See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846 to learn about workspace recommendations.
3 | // Extension identifier format: ${publisher}.${name}. Example: vscode.csharp
4 |
5 | // List of extensions which should be recommended for users of this workspace.
6 | "recommendations": [
7 | "lego-education.ev3-micropython"
8 | ],
9 | // List of extensions recommended by VS Code that should not be recommended for users of this workspace.
10 | "unwantedRecommendations": [
11 | "ms-python.python"
12 | ]
13 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/hellorobot/.vscode/launch.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
3 | // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
4 | // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
5 | "version": "0.2.0",
6 | "configurations": [
7 | {
8 | "name": "Download and Run",
9 | "type": "ev3devBrowser",
10 | "request": "launch",
11 | "program": "/home/robot/${workspaceRootFolderName}/main.py"
12 | }
13 | ]
14 | }
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/hellorobot/.vscode/settings.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Place your settings in this file to overwrite default and user settings.
2 | {
3 | "files.eol": "\n",
4 | "debug.openDebug": "neverOpen",
5 | "python.linting.enabled": false
6 | }
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/hellorobot/main.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env pybricks-micropython
2 |
3 | from pybricks import ev3brick as brick
4 | from pybricks.ev3devices import (Motor, TouchSensor, ColorSensor, InfraredSensor, UltrasonicSensor, GyroSensor)
5 | from pybricks.parameters import (Port, Stop, Direction, Button, Color, SoundFile, ImageFile, Align)
6 | from pybricks.tools import print, wait, StopWatch
7 | from pybricks.robotics import DriveBase
8 |
9 | # Write your program here
10 | brick.sound.beep()
11 | # 输出到控制台:
12 | print('Hello, robot!')
13 | # 输出到EV3屏幕:
14 | brick.display.text('Hello, robot!')
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/rccar/.vscode/extensions.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | // See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846 to learn about workspace recommendations.
3 | // Extension identifier format: ${publisher}.${name}. Example: vscode.csharp
4 |
5 | // List of extensions which should be recommended for users of this workspace.
6 | "recommendations": [
7 | "lego-education.ev3-micropython"
8 | ],
9 | // List of extensions recommended by VS Code that should not be recommended for users of this workspace.
10 | "unwantedRecommendations": [
11 | "ms-python.python"
12 | ]
13 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/rccar/.vscode/launch.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
3 | // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
4 | // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
5 | "version": "0.2.0",
6 | "configurations": [
7 | {
8 | "name": "Download and Run",
9 | "type": "ev3devBrowser",
10 | "request": "launch",
11 | "program": "/home/robot/${workspaceRootFolderName}/main.py"
12 | }
13 | ]
14 | }
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/rccar/.vscode/settings.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Place your settings in this file to overwrite default and user settings.
2 | {
3 | "files.eol": "\n",
4 | "debug.openDebug": "neverOpen",
5 | "python.linting.enabled": false
6 | }
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/micropython/rccar/devices.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # list input devices
2 |
3 | class InputDevice():
4 | def __init__(self):
5 | self.name = ''
6 | self.handler = ''
7 |
8 | def __str__(self):
9 | return 'Home '
12 |
13 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['GET'])
14 | def signin_form():
15 | return ''''''
20 |
21 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['POST'])
22 | def signin():
23 | # 需要从request对象读取表单内容：
24 | if request.form['username']=='admin' and request.form['password']=='password':
25 | return 'Hello, admin! '
26 | return 'Bad username or password. '
27 |
28 | if __name__ == '__main__':
29 | app.run()
30 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/do_wsgi.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
5 |
6 | from hello import application
7 |
8 | httpd = make_server('', 8000, application)
9 | print('Serving HTTP on port 8000...')
10 |
11 | httpd.serve_forever()
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/hello.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | def application(environ, start_response):
5 | start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
6 | body = 'Hello, %s! ' % (environ['PATH_INFO'][1:] or 'web')
7 | return [body.encode('utf-8')]
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/mvc/app.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 |
4 | from flask import Flask, request, render_template
5 |
6 | app = Flask(__name__)
7 |
8 | @app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
9 | def home():
10 | return render_template('home.html')
11 |
12 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['GET'])
13 | def signin_form():
14 | return render_template('form.html')
15 |
16 | @app.route('/signin', methods=['POST'])
17 | def signin():
18 | username = request.form['username']
19 | password = request.form['password']
20 | if username=='admin' and password=='password':
21 | return render_template('signin-ok.html', username=username)
22 | return render_template('form.html', message='Bad username or password', username=username)
23 |
24 | if __name__ == '__main__':
25 | app.run()
26 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/mvc/templates/form.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
3 | Please Sign In
4 |
5 |
6 | {% if message %}
7 | {{ message }}
8 | {% endif %}
9 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/mvc/templates/home.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
3 | Home
4 |
5 |
6 | Home
7 |
8 |
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/samples/web/mvc/templates/signin-ok.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
3 | Welcome, {{ username }}
4 |
5 |
6 | Welcome, {{ username }}!
7 |
8 |
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------