├── .gitignore ├── .readthedocs.yml ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── build ├── doctrees │ ├── ch01.doctree │ ├── ch02.doctree │ ├── ch03.doctree │ ├── ch04.doctree │ ├── ch05.doctree │ ├── ch06.doctree │ ├── ch07.doctree │ ├── ch08.doctree │ ├── ch09.doctree │ ├── ch10.doctree │ ├── ch11.doctree │ ├── ch12.doctree │ ├── environment.pickle │ └── index.doctree └── html │ ├── .buildinfo │ ├── _images │ ├── osg_3d_glass.png │ ├── osg_3dtext.png │ ├── osg_animating_switch.png │ ├── osg_animation_boy.png │ ├── osg_animation_manager_output.png │ ├── osg_animation_path.png │ ├── osg_banner.png │ ├── osg_banner2.png │ ├── osg_billboard.png │ ├── osg_callback_diagram.png │ ├── osg_callback_table1.png │ ├── osg_callback_table2.png │ ├── osg_camera.png │ ├── osg_channel.png │ ├── osg_composite_view.png │ ├── osg_cubic_line.png │ ├── osg_earth.png │ ├── osg_ease_motion.png │ ├── osg_fade_in_out.png │ ├── osg_fix_func_1.png │ ├── osg_fix_func_2.png │ ├── osg_fix_func_3.png │ ├── osg_fix_func_4.png │ ├── osg_fog.png │ ├── osg_functor_quad.png │ ├── osg_functor_quad_output.png │ ├── osg_functor_vertex.png │ ├── osg_geometry_shader.png │ ├── osg_glider.png │ ├── osg_group_node.png │ ├── osg_image.png │ ├── osg_index_array.png │ ├── osg_index_octahedron.png │ ├── osg_integrate_with_window.png │ ├── osg_intersection.png │ ├── osg_keyboard_cessna.png │ ├── osg_keyboard_event.png │ ├── osg_keyboard_event2.png │ ├── osg_libcurl.png │ ├── osg_libcurl_cmake.png │ ├── osg_light.png │ ├── osg_lod.png │ ├── osg_manipulators.png │ ├── osg_matrix.png │ ├── osg_multi_parent.png │ ├── osg_multi_sample.png │ ├── osg_multi_sample2.png │ ├── osg_multithread_camera.png │ ├── osg_multithread_context.png │ ├── osg_multithread_single.png │ ├── osg_new_file_format.png │ ├── osg_node_mask.png │ ├── osg_nodekits1.png │ ├── osg_nodekits2.png │ ├── osg_octahedron.png │ ├── osg_outline.png │ ├── osg_own_plugins1.png │ ├── osg_own_plugins2.png │ ├── osg_parentalnodepath.png │ ├── osg_particle.png │ ├── osg_particle_system.png │ ├── osg_proxy.png │ ├── osg_pyramid.png │ ├── osg_quad.png │ ├── osg_quad_animate.png │ ├── osg_ref_ptr.png │ ├── osg_reference_cycle.png │ ├── osg_render_in_window.png │ ├── osg_render_order.png │ ├── osg_render_order_glider.png │ ├── osg_render_order_glider2.png │ ├── osg_render_state.png │ ├── osg_render_to_texture.png │ ├── osg_render_to_texture_origin.png │ ├── osg_sampler.png │ ├── osg_selection_box.png │ ├── osg_serializer.png │ ├── osg_shader.png │ ├── osg_shadow.png │ ├── osg_shape.png │ ├── osg_spotlight.png │ ├── osg_stateset.png │ ├── osg_stereo.png │ ├── osg_support_file_formats1.png │ ├── osg_support_file_formats2.png │ ├── osg_support_file_formats3.png │ ├── osg_support_file_formats4.png │ ├── osg_support_file_formats5.png │ ├── osg_switch.png │ ├── osg_teapot.png │ ├── osg_teapot_cmake.png │ ├── osg_tessellator.png │ ├── osg_tessellator_right.png │ ├── osg_tessellator_wrong.png │ ├── osg_text.png │ ├── osg_texture.png │ ├── osg_threads_camera.png │ ├── osg_threads_console.png │ ├── osg_threads_context.png │ ├── osg_threads_frame.png │ ├── osg_threads_window.png │ ├── osg_timer_event.png │ ├── osg_traits_table1.png │ ├── osg_traits_table2.png │ ├── osg_vertex_array.png │ ├── osg_vertex_attributes.png │ ├── osg_viewer.png │ └── osg_visitor.png │ ├── _static │ ├── basic.css │ ├── css │ │ ├── badge_only.css │ │ └── theme.css │ ├── doctools.js │ ├── file.png │ ├── fonts │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.eot │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.svg │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.ttf │ │ └── fontawesome-webfont.woff │ ├── jquery.js │ ├── js │ │ └── theme.js │ ├── minus.png │ ├── plus.png │ ├── pygments.css │ ├── searchtools.js │ └── underscore.js │ ├── ch01.html │ ├── ch02.html │ ├── ch03.html │ ├── ch04.html │ ├── ch05.html │ ├── ch06.html │ ├── ch07.html │ ├── ch08.html │ ├── ch09.html │ ├── ch10.html │ ├── ch11.html │ ├── ch12.html │ ├── genindex.html │ ├── index.html │ ├── objects.inv │ ├── search.html │ └── searchindex.js ├── make.bat └── source ├── _images ├── osg_3d_glass.png ├── osg_3dtext.png ├── osg_animating_switch.png ├── osg_animation_boy.png ├── osg_animation_manager_output.png ├── osg_animation_path.png ├── osg_banner.png ├── osg_banner2.png ├── osg_billboard.png ├── osg_callback_diagram.png ├── osg_callback_table1.png ├── osg_callback_table2.png ├── osg_camera.png ├── osg_channel.png ├── osg_composite_view.png ├── osg_cubic_line.png ├── osg_earth.png ├── osg_ease_motion.png ├── osg_fade_in_out.png ├── osg_fix_func_1.png ├── osg_fix_func_2.png ├── osg_fix_func_3.png ├── osg_fix_func_4.png ├── osg_fog.png ├── osg_functor_quad.png ├── osg_functor_quad_output.png ├── osg_functor_vertex.png ├── osg_geometry_shader.png ├── osg_glider.png ├── osg_group_node.png ├── osg_image.png ├── osg_index_array.png ├── osg_index_octahedron.png ├── osg_integrate_with_window.png ├── osg_intersection.png ├── osg_keyboard_cessna.png ├── osg_keyboard_event.png ├── osg_keyboard_event2.png ├── osg_libcurl.png ├── osg_libcurl_cmake.png ├── osg_light.png ├── osg_lod.png ├── osg_manipulators.png ├── osg_matrix.png ├── osg_multi_parent.png ├── osg_multi_sample.png ├── osg_multi_sample2.png ├── osg_multithread_camera.png ├── osg_multithread_context.png ├── osg_multithread_single.png ├── osg_new_file_format.png ├── osg_node_mask.png ├── osg_nodekits1.png ├── osg_nodekits2.png ├── osg_octahedron.png ├── osg_outline.png ├── osg_own_plugins1.png ├── osg_own_plugins2.png ├── osg_parentalnodepath.png ├── osg_particle.png ├── osg_particle_system.png ├── osg_proxy.png ├── osg_pyramid.png ├── osg_quad.png ├── osg_quad_animate.png ├── osg_ref_ptr.png ├── osg_reference_cycle.png ├── osg_render_in_window.png ├── osg_render_order.png ├── osg_render_order_glider.png ├── osg_render_order_glider2.png ├── osg_render_state.png ├── osg_render_to_texture.png ├── osg_render_to_texture_origin.png ├── osg_sampler.png ├── osg_selection_box.png ├── osg_serializer.png ├── osg_shader.png ├── osg_shadow.png ├── osg_shape.png ├── osg_spotlight.png ├── osg_stateset.png ├── osg_stereo.png ├── osg_support_file_formats1.png ├── osg_support_file_formats2.png ├── osg_support_file_formats3.png ├── osg_support_file_formats4.png ├── osg_support_file_formats5.png ├── osg_switch.png ├── osg_teapot.png ├── osg_teapot_cmake.png ├── osg_tessellator.png ├── osg_tessellator_right.png ├── osg_tessellator_wrong.png ├── osg_text.png ├── osg_texture.png ├── osg_threads_camera.png ├── osg_threads_console.png ├── osg_threads_context.png ├── osg_threads_frame.png ├── osg_threads_window.png ├── osg_timer_event.png ├── osg_traits_table1.png ├── osg_traits_table2.png ├── osg_vertex_array.png ├── osg_vertex_attributes.png ├── osg_viewer.png └── osg_visitor.png ├── ch01.rst ├── ch02.rst ├── ch03.rst ├── ch04.rst ├── ch05.rst ├── ch06.rst ├── ch07.rst ├── ch08.rst ├── ch09.rst ├── ch10.rst ├── ch11.rst ├── ch12.rst ├── conf.py ├── index.rst └── requirements.txt /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | build/* 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.readthedocs.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # .readthedocs.yml 2 | # Read the Docs configuration file 3 | # See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details 4 | 5 | # Required 6 | version: 2 7 | 8 | # Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx 9 | sphinx: 10 | configuration: source/conf.py 11 | 12 | # Build documentation with MkDocs 13 | #mkdocs: 14 | # configuration: mkdocs.yml 15 | 16 | # Optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF and ePub 17 | formats: ['htmlzip'] 18 | 19 | # Optionally set the version of Python and requirements required to build your docs 20 | python: 21 | version: 3.7 22 | install: 23 | - requirements: source/requirements.txt 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation 2 | # 3 | 4 | # You can set these variables from the command line, and also 5 | # from the environment for the first two. 6 | SPHINXOPTS ?= 7 | SPHINXBUILD ?= sphinx-build 8 | SOURCEDIR = source 9 | BUILDDIR = build 10 | 11 | # Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help". 12 | help: 13 | @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) 14 | 15 | .PHONY: help Makefile 16 | 17 | # Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new 18 | # "make mode" option. $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS). 19 | %: Makefile 20 | @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: 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width: 100%; 22 | font-size: 90%; 23 | } 24 | 25 | div.related h3 { 26 | display: none; 27 | } 28 | 29 | div.related ul { 30 | margin: 0; 31 | padding: 0 0 0 10px; 32 | list-style: none; 33 | } 34 | 35 | div.related li { 36 | display: inline; 37 | } 38 | 39 | div.related li.right { 40 | float: right; 41 | margin-right: 5px; 42 | } 43 | 44 | /* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ 45 | 46 | div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { 47 | padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; 48 | } 49 | 50 | div.sphinxsidebar { 51 | float: left; 52 | width: 230px; 53 | margin-left: -100%; 54 | font-size: 90%; 55 | word-wrap: break-word; 56 | overflow-wrap : break-word; 57 | } 58 | 59 | div.sphinxsidebar ul { 60 | list-style: none; 61 | } 62 | 63 | div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, 64 | div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { 65 | margin-left: 20px; 66 | list-style: square; 67 | } 68 | 69 | div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { 70 | margin-top: 0; 71 | margin-bottom: 0; 72 | } 73 | 74 | div.sphinxsidebar form { 75 | margin-top: 10px; 76 | } 77 | 78 | div.sphinxsidebar input { 79 | border: 1px solid #98dbcc; 80 | font-family: sans-serif; 81 | font-size: 1em; 82 | } 83 | 84 | div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { 85 | overflow: hidden; 86 | } 87 | 88 | div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { 89 | float: left; 90 | width: 80%; 91 | padding: 0.25em; 92 | box-sizing: border-box; 93 | } 94 | 95 | div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { 96 | float: left; 97 | width: 20%; 98 | border-left: none; 99 | padding: 0.25em; 100 | box-sizing: border-box; 101 | } 102 | 103 | 104 | img { 105 | border: 0; 106 | max-width: 100%; 107 | } 108 | 109 | /* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ 110 | 111 | ul.search { 112 | margin: 10px 0 0 20px; 113 | padding: 0; 114 | } 115 | 116 | ul.search li { 117 | padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; 118 | background-image: url(file.png); 119 | background-repeat: no-repeat; 120 | background-position: 0 7px; 121 | } 122 | 123 | ul.search li a { 124 | font-weight: bold; 125 | } 126 | 127 | ul.search li div.context { 128 | color: #888; 129 | margin: 2px 0 0 30px; 130 | text-align: left; 131 | } 132 | 133 | ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { 134 | font-weight: bold; 135 | } 136 | 137 | /* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ 138 | 139 | table.contentstable { 140 | width: 90%; 141 | margin-left: auto; 142 | margin-right: auto; 143 | } 144 | 145 | table.contentstable p.biglink { 146 | line-height: 150%; 147 | } 148 | 149 | a.biglink { 150 | font-size: 1.3em; 151 | } 152 | 153 | span.linkdescr { 154 | font-style: italic; 155 | padding-top: 5px; 156 | font-size: 90%; 157 | } 158 | 159 | /* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ 160 | 161 | table.indextable { 162 | width: 100%; 163 | } 164 | 165 | table.indextable td { 166 | text-align: left; 167 | vertical-align: top; 168 | } 169 | 170 | table.indextable ul { 171 | margin-top: 0; 172 | margin-bottom: 0; 173 | list-style-type: none; 174 | } 175 | 176 | table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { 177 | padding-left: 0em; 178 | } 179 | 180 | table.indextable tr.pcap { 181 | height: 10px; 182 | } 183 | 184 | table.indextable tr.cap { 185 | margin-top: 10px; 186 | background-color: #f2f2f2; 187 | } 188 | 189 | img.toggler { 190 | margin-right: 3px; 191 | margin-top: 3px; 192 | cursor: pointer; 193 | } 194 | 195 | div.modindex-jumpbox { 196 | border-top: 1px solid #ddd; 197 | border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; 198 | margin: 1em 0 1em 0; 199 | padding: 0.4em; 200 | } 201 | 202 | div.genindex-jumpbox { 203 | border-top: 1px solid #ddd; 204 | border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; 205 | margin: 1em 0 1em 0; 206 | padding: 0.4em; 207 | } 208 | 209 | /* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ 210 | 211 | table.modindextable td { 212 | padding: 2px; 213 | border-collapse: collapse; 214 | } 215 | 216 | /* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ 217 | 218 | div.body { 219 | min-width: 450px; 220 | max-width: 800px; 221 | } 222 | 223 | div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { 224 | -moz-hyphens: auto; 225 | -ms-hyphens: auto; 226 | -webkit-hyphens: auto; 227 | hyphens: auto; 228 | } 229 | 230 | a.headerlink { 231 | visibility: hidden; 232 | } 233 | 234 | a.brackets:before, 235 | span.brackets > a:before{ 236 | content: "["; 237 | } 238 | 239 | a.brackets:after, 240 | span.brackets > a:after { 241 | content: "]"; 242 | } 243 | 244 | h1:hover > a.headerlink, 245 | h2:hover > a.headerlink, 246 | h3:hover > a.headerlink, 247 | h4:hover > a.headerlink, 248 | h5:hover > a.headerlink, 249 | h6:hover > a.headerlink, 250 | dt:hover > a.headerlink, 251 | caption:hover > a.headerlink, 252 | p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, 253 | div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { 254 | visibility: visible; 255 | } 256 | 257 | div.body p.caption { 258 | text-align: inherit; 259 | } 260 | 261 | div.body td { 262 | text-align: left; 263 | } 264 | 265 | .first { 266 | margin-top: 0 !important; 267 | } 268 | 269 | p.rubric { 270 | margin-top: 30px; 271 | font-weight: bold; 272 | } 273 | 274 | img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { 275 | clear: left; 276 | float: left; 277 | margin-right: 1em; 278 | } 279 | 280 | img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { 281 | clear: right; 282 | float: right; 283 | margin-left: 1em; 284 | } 285 | 286 | img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { 287 | display: block; 288 | margin-left: auto; 289 | margin-right: auto; 290 | } 291 | 292 | img.align-default, .figure.align-default { 293 | display: block; 294 | margin-left: auto; 295 | margin-right: auto; 296 | } 297 | 298 | .align-left { 299 | text-align: left; 300 | } 301 | 302 | .align-center { 303 | text-align: center; 304 | } 305 | 306 | .align-default { 307 | text-align: center; 308 | } 309 | 310 | .align-right { 311 | text-align: right; 312 | } 313 | 314 | /* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ 315 | 316 | div.sidebar { 317 | margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; 318 | border: 1px solid #ddb; 319 | padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; 320 | background-color: #ffe; 321 | width: 40%; 322 | float: right; 323 | } 324 | 325 | p.sidebar-title { 326 | font-weight: bold; 327 | } 328 | 329 | /* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ 330 | 331 | div.topic { 332 | border: 1px solid #ccc; 333 | padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; 334 | margin: 10px 0 10px 0; 335 | } 336 | 337 | p.topic-title { 338 | font-size: 1.1em; 339 | font-weight: bold; 340 | margin-top: 10px; 341 | } 342 | 343 | /* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ 344 | 345 | div.admonition { 346 | margin-top: 10px; 347 | margin-bottom: 10px; 348 | padding: 7px; 349 | } 350 | 351 | div.admonition dt { 352 | font-weight: bold; 353 | } 354 | 355 | div.admonition dl { 356 | margin-bottom: 0; 357 | } 358 | 359 | p.admonition-title { 360 | margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; 361 | font-weight: bold; 362 | } 363 | 364 | div.body p.centered { 365 | text-align: center; 366 | margin-top: 25px; 367 | } 368 | 369 | /* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ 370 | 371 | table.docutils { 372 | border: 0; 373 | border-collapse: collapse; 374 | } 375 | 376 | table.align-center { 377 | margin-left: auto; 378 | margin-right: auto; 379 | } 380 | 381 | table.align-default { 382 | margin-left: auto; 383 | margin-right: auto; 384 | } 385 | 386 | table caption span.caption-number { 387 | font-style: italic; 388 | } 389 | 390 | table caption span.caption-text { 391 | } 392 | 393 | table.docutils td, table.docutils th { 394 | padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; 395 | border-top: 0; 396 | border-left: 0; 397 | border-right: 0; 398 | border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; 399 | } 400 | 401 | table.footnote td, table.footnote th { 402 | border: 0 !important; 403 | } 404 | 405 | th { 406 | text-align: left; 407 | padding-right: 5px; 408 | } 409 | 410 | table.citation { 411 | border-left: solid 1px gray; 412 | margin-left: 1px; 413 | } 414 | 415 | table.citation td { 416 | border-bottom: none; 417 | } 418 | 419 | th > p:first-child, 420 | td > p:first-child { 421 | margin-top: 0px; 422 | } 423 | 424 | th > p:last-child, 425 | td > p:last-child { 426 | margin-bottom: 0px; 427 | } 428 | 429 | /* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ 430 | 431 | div.figure { 432 | margin: 0.5em; 433 | padding: 0.5em; 434 | } 435 | 436 | div.figure p.caption { 437 | padding: 0.3em; 438 | } 439 | 440 | div.figure p.caption span.caption-number { 441 | font-style: italic; 442 | } 443 | 444 | div.figure p.caption span.caption-text { 445 | } 446 | 447 | /* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ 448 | 449 | table.field-list td, table.field-list th { 450 | border: 0 !important; 451 | } 452 | 453 | .field-list ul { 454 | margin: 0; 455 | padding-left: 1em; 456 | } 457 | 458 | .field-list p { 459 | margin: 0; 460 | } 461 | 462 | .field-name { 463 | -moz-hyphens: manual; 464 | -ms-hyphens: manual; 465 | -webkit-hyphens: manual; 466 | hyphens: manual; 467 | } 468 | 469 | /* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ 470 | 471 | table.hlist td { 472 | vertical-align: top; 473 | } 474 | 475 | 476 | /* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ 477 | 478 | ol.arabic { 479 | list-style: decimal; 480 | } 481 | 482 | ol.loweralpha { 483 | list-style: lower-alpha; 484 | } 485 | 486 | ol.upperalpha { 487 | list-style: upper-alpha; 488 | } 489 | 490 | ol.lowerroman { 491 | list-style: lower-roman; 492 | } 493 | 494 | ol.upperroman { 495 | list-style: upper-roman; 496 | } 497 | 498 | li > p:first-child { 499 | margin-top: 0px; 500 | } 501 | 502 | li > p:last-child { 503 | margin-bottom: 0px; 504 | } 505 | 506 | dl.footnote > dt, 507 | dl.citation > dt { 508 | float: left; 509 | } 510 | 511 | dl.footnote > dd, 512 | dl.citation > dd { 513 | margin-bottom: 0em; 514 | } 515 | 516 | dl.footnote > dd:after, 517 | dl.citation > dd:after { 518 | content: ""; 519 | clear: both; 520 | } 521 | 522 | dl.field-list { 523 | display: grid; 524 | grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; 525 | } 526 | 527 | dl.field-list > dt { 528 | font-weight: bold; 529 | word-break: break-word; 530 | padding-left: 0.5em; 531 | padding-right: 5px; 532 | } 533 | 534 | dl.field-list > dt:after { 535 | content: ":"; 536 | } 537 | 538 | dl.field-list > dd { 539 | padding-left: 0.5em; 540 | margin-top: 0em; 541 | margin-left: 0em; 542 | margin-bottom: 0em; 543 | } 544 | 545 | dl { 546 | margin-bottom: 15px; 547 | } 548 | 549 | dd > p:first-child { 550 | margin-top: 0px; 551 | } 552 | 553 | dd ul, dd table { 554 | margin-bottom: 10px; 555 | } 556 | 557 | dd { 558 | margin-top: 3px; 559 | margin-bottom: 10px; 560 | margin-left: 30px; 561 | } 562 | 563 | dt:target, span.highlighted { 564 | background-color: #fbe54e; 565 | } 566 | 567 | rect.highlighted { 568 | fill: #fbe54e; 569 | } 570 | 571 | dl.glossary dt { 572 | font-weight: bold; 573 | font-size: 1.1em; 574 | } 575 | 576 | .optional { 577 | font-size: 1.3em; 578 | } 579 | 580 | .sig-paren { 581 | font-size: larger; 582 | } 583 | 584 | .versionmodified { 585 | font-style: italic; 586 | } 587 | 588 | .system-message { 589 | background-color: #fda; 590 | padding: 5px; 591 | border: 3px solid red; 592 | } 593 | 594 | .footnote:target { 595 | background-color: #ffa; 596 | } 597 | 598 | .line-block { 599 | display: block; 600 | margin-top: 1em; 601 | margin-bottom: 1em; 602 | } 603 | 604 | .line-block .line-block { 605 | margin-top: 0; 606 | margin-bottom: 0; 607 | margin-left: 1.5em; 608 | } 609 | 610 | .guilabel, .menuselection { 611 | font-family: sans-serif; 612 | } 613 | 614 | .accelerator { 615 | text-decoration: underline; 616 | } 617 | 618 | .classifier { 619 | font-style: oblique; 620 | } 621 | 622 | .classifier:before { 623 | font-style: normal; 624 | margin: 0.5em; 625 | content: ":"; 626 | } 627 | 628 | abbr, acronym { 629 | border-bottom: dotted 1px; 630 | cursor: help; 631 | } 632 | 633 | /* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ 634 | 635 | pre { 636 | overflow: auto; 637 | overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ 638 | } 639 | 640 | span.pre { 641 | -moz-hyphens: none; 642 | -ms-hyphens: none; 643 | -webkit-hyphens: none; 644 | hyphens: none; 645 | } 646 | 647 | td.linenos pre { 648 | padding: 5px 0px; 649 | border: 0; 650 | background-color: transparent; 651 | color: #aaa; 652 | } 653 | 654 | table.highlighttable { 655 | margin-left: 0.5em; 656 | } 657 | 658 | table.highlighttable td { 659 | padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; 660 | } 661 | 662 | div.code-block-caption { 663 | padding: 2px 5px; 664 | font-size: small; 665 | } 666 | 667 | div.code-block-caption code { 668 | background-color: transparent; 669 | } 670 | 671 | div.code-block-caption + div > div.highlight > pre { 672 | margin-top: 0; 673 | } 674 | 675 | div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { 676 | padding: 0.1em 0.3em; 677 | font-style: italic; 678 | } 679 | 680 | div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { 681 | } 682 | 683 | div.literal-block-wrapper { 684 | padding: 1em 1em 0; 685 | } 686 | 687 | div.literal-block-wrapper div.highlight { 688 | margin: 0; 689 | } 690 | 691 | code.descname { 692 | background-color: transparent; 693 | font-weight: bold; 694 | font-size: 1.2em; 695 | } 696 | 697 | code.descclassname { 698 | background-color: transparent; 699 | } 700 | 701 | code.xref, a code { 702 | background-color: transparent; 703 | font-weight: bold; 704 | } 705 | 706 | h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { 707 | background-color: transparent; 708 | } 709 | 710 | .viewcode-link { 711 | float: right; 712 | } 713 | 714 | .viewcode-back { 715 | float: right; 716 | 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all documentation. 6 | * 7 | * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2019 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. 8 | * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. 9 | * 10 | */ 11 | 12 | /** 13 | * select a different prefix for underscore 14 | */ 15 | $u = _.noConflict(); 16 | 17 | /** 18 | * make the code below compatible with browsers without 19 | * an installed firebug like debugger 20 | if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { 21 | var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", 22 | "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", 23 | "profile", "profileEnd"]; 24 | window.console = {}; 25 | for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) 26 | window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; 27 | } 28 | */ 29 | 30 | /** 31 | * small helper function to urldecode strings 32 | */ 33 | jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { 34 | return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' '); 35 | }; 36 | 37 | /** 38 | * small helper function to urlencode strings 39 | */ 40 | jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; 41 | 42 | /** 43 | * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the 44 | * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, 45 | * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. 46 | */ 47 | jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { 48 | if (typeof s === 'undefined') 49 | s = document.location.search; 50 | var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); 51 | var result = {}; 52 | for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { 53 | var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); 54 | var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); 55 | var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); 56 | if (key in result) 57 | result[key].push(value); 58 | else 59 | result[key] = [value]; 60 | } 61 | return result; 62 | }; 63 | 64 | /** 65 | * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in 66 | * span elements with the given class name. 67 | */ 68 | jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { 69 | function highlight(node, addItems) { 70 | if (node.nodeType === 3) { 71 | var val = node.nodeValue; 72 | var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); 73 | if (pos >= 0 && 74 | !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && 75 | !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { 76 | var span; 77 | var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); 78 | if (isInSVG) { 79 | span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); 80 | } else { 81 | span = document.createElement("span"); 82 | span.className = className; 83 | } 84 | span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); 85 | node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( 86 | document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), 87 | node.nextSibling)); 88 | node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); 89 | if (isInSVG) { 90 | var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); 91 | var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); 92 | rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; 93 | rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; 94 | rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; 95 | rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; 96 | rect.setAttribute('class', className); 97 | addItems.push({ 98 | "parent": node.parentNode, 99 | "target": rect}); 100 | } 101 | } 102 | } 103 | else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { 104 | jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { 105 | highlight(this, addItems); 106 | }); 107 | } 108 | } 109 | var addItems = []; 110 | var result = this.each(function() { 111 | highlight(this, addItems); 112 | }); 113 | for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { 114 | jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); 115 | } 116 | return result; 117 | }; 118 | 119 | /* 120 | * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser 121 | * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. 122 | */ 123 | if (!jQuery.browser) { 124 | jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { 125 | ua = ua.toLowerCase(); 126 | 127 | var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || 128 | /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || 129 | /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || 130 | /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || 131 | ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || 132 | []; 133 | 134 | return { 135 | browser: match[ 1 ] || "", 136 | version: match[ 2 ] || "0" 137 | }; 138 | }; 139 | jQuery.browser = {}; 140 | jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; 141 | } 142 | 143 | /** 144 | * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. 145 | */ 146 | var Documentation = { 147 | 148 | init : function() { 149 | this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); 150 | this.highlightSearchWords(); 151 | this.initIndexTable(); 152 | if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) { 153 | this.initOnKeyListeners(); 154 | } 155 | }, 156 | 157 | /** 158 | * i18n support 159 | */ 160 | TRANSLATIONS : {}, 161 | PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, 162 | LOCALE : 'unknown', 163 | 164 | // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions 165 | // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) 166 | gettext : function(string) { 167 | var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; 168 | if (typeof translated === 'undefined') 169 | return string; 170 | return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; 171 | }, 172 | 173 | ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { 174 | var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; 175 | if (typeof translated === 'undefined') 176 | return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; 177 | return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; 178 | }, 179 | 180 | addTranslations : function(catalog) { 181 | for (var key in catalog.messages) 182 | this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; 183 | this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); 184 | this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; 185 | }, 186 | 187 | /** 188 | * add context elements like header anchor links 189 | */ 190 | addContextElements : function() { 191 | $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { 192 | $('\u00B6'). 193 | attr('href', '#' + this.id). 194 | attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). 195 | appendTo(this); 196 | }); 197 | $('dt[id]').each(function() { 198 | $('\u00B6'). 199 | attr('href', '#' + this.id). 200 | attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). 201 | appendTo(this); 202 | }); 203 | }, 204 | 205 | /** 206 | * workaround a firefox stupidity 207 | * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 208 | */ 209 | fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { 210 | if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) 211 | window.setTimeout(function() { 212 | document.location.href += ''; 213 | }, 10); 214 | }, 215 | 216 | /** 217 | * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text 218 | */ 219 | highlightSearchWords : function() { 220 | var params = $.getQueryParameters(); 221 | var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; 222 | if (terms.length) { 223 | var body = $('div.body'); 224 | if (!body.length) { 225 | body = $('body'); 226 | } 227 | window.setTimeout(function() { 228 | $.each(terms, function() { 229 | body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); 230 | }); 231 | }, 10); 232 | $('

' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '

') 234 | .appendTo($('#searchbox')); 235 | } 236 | }, 237 | 238 | /** 239 | * init the domain index toggle buttons 240 | */ 241 | initIndexTable : function() { 242 | var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { 243 | var src = $(this).attr('src'); 244 | var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); 245 | $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); 246 | if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') 247 | $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); 248 | else 249 | $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); 250 | }).css('display', ''); 251 | if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { 252 | togglers.click(); 253 | } 254 | }, 255 | 256 | /** 257 | * helper function to hide the search marks again 258 | */ 259 | hideSearchWords : function() { 260 | $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); 261 | $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); 262 | }, 263 | 264 | /** 265 | * make the url absolute 266 | */ 267 | makeURL : function(relativeURL) { 268 | return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; 269 | }, 270 | 271 | /** 272 | * get the current relative url 273 | */ 274 | getCurrentURL : function() { 275 | var path = document.location.pathname; 276 | var parts = path.split(/\//); 277 | $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { 278 | if (this === '..') 279 | parts.pop(); 280 | }); 281 | var url = parts.join('/'); 282 | return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); 283 | }, 284 | 285 | initOnKeyListeners: function() { 286 | $(document).keyup(function(event) { 287 | var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; 288 | // don't navigate when in search box or textarea 289 | if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT') { 290 | switch (event.keyCode) { 291 | case 37: // left 292 | var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); 293 | if (prevHref) { 294 | window.location.href = prevHref; 295 | return false; 296 | } 297 | case 39: // right 298 | var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); 299 | if (nextHref) { 300 | window.location.href = nextHref; 301 | return false; 302 | } 303 | } 304 | } 305 | }); 306 | } 307 | }; 308 | 309 | // quick alias for translations 310 | _ = Documentation.gettext; 311 | 312 | $(document).ready(function() { 313 | Documentation.init(); 314 | }); 315 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/file.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mylxiaoyi/osg3/3f81cf69c1e013a0384d51249c62de1b3e349c7c/build/html/_static/file.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mylxiaoyi/osg3/3f81cf69c1e013a0384d51249c62de1b3e349c7c/build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mylxiaoyi/osg3/3f81cf69c1e013a0384d51249c62de1b3e349c7c/build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mylxiaoyi/osg3/3f81cf69c1e013a0384d51249c62de1b3e349c7c/build/html/_static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/js/theme.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* sphinx_rtd_theme version 0.4.3 | MIT license */ 2 | /* Built 20190212 16:02 */ 3 | require=function r(s,a,l){function c(e,n){if(!a[e]){if(!s[e]){var i="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!n&&i)return i(e,!0);if(u)return u(e,!0);var t=new Error("Cannot find module '"+e+"'");throw t.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",t}var o=a[e]={exports:{}};s[e][0].call(o.exports,function(n){return c(s[e][1][n]||n)},o,o.exports,r,s,a,l)}return a[e].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,n=0;n"),i("table.docutils.footnote").wrap("
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' + _('Searching') + '

').appendTo(this.out); 132 | this.dots = $('').appendTo(this.title); 133 | this.status = $('

 

').appendTo(this.out); 134 | this.output = $('
    ').appendTo(this.out); 135 | 136 | $('#search-progress').text(_('Preparing search...')); 137 | this.startPulse(); 138 | 139 | // index already loaded, the browser was quick! 140 | if (this.hasIndex()) 141 | this.query(query); 142 | else 143 | this.deferQuery(query); 144 | }, 145 | 146 | /** 147 | * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) 148 | */ 149 | query : function(query) { 150 | var i; 151 | 152 | // stem the searchterms and add them to the correct list 153 | var stemmer = new Stemmer(); 154 | var searchterms = []; 155 | var excluded = []; 156 | var hlterms = []; 157 | var tmp = splitQuery(query); 158 | var objectterms = []; 159 | for (i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) { 160 | if (tmp[i] !== "") { 161 | objectterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); 162 | } 163 | 164 | if ($u.indexOf(stopwords, tmp[i].toLowerCase()) != -1 || tmp[i].match(/^\d+$/) || 165 | tmp[i] === "") { 166 | // skip this "word" 167 | continue; 168 | } 169 | // stem the word 170 | var word = stemmer.stemWord(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); 171 | // prevent stemmer from cutting word smaller than two chars 172 | if(word.length < 3 && tmp[i].length >= 3) { 173 | word = tmp[i]; 174 | } 175 | var toAppend; 176 | // select the correct list 177 | if (word[0] == '-') { 178 | toAppend = excluded; 179 | word = word.substr(1); 180 | } 181 | else { 182 | toAppend = searchterms; 183 | hlterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase()); 184 | } 185 | // only add if not already in the list 186 | if (!$u.contains(toAppend, word)) 187 | toAppend.push(word); 188 | } 189 | var highlightstring = '?highlight=' + $.urlencode(hlterms.join(" ")); 190 | 191 | // console.debug('SEARCH: searching for:'); 192 | // console.info('required: ', searchterms); 193 | // console.info('excluded: ', excluded); 194 | 195 | // prepare search 196 | var terms = this._index.terms; 197 | var titleterms = this._index.titleterms; 198 | 199 | // array of [filename, title, anchor, descr, score] 200 | var results = []; 201 | $('#search-progress').empty(); 202 | 203 | // lookup as object 204 | for (i = 0; i < objectterms.length; i++) { 205 | var others = [].concat(objectterms.slice(0, i), 206 | objectterms.slice(i+1, objectterms.length)); 207 | results = results.concat(this.performObjectSearch(objectterms[i], others)); 208 | } 209 | 210 | // lookup as search terms in fulltext 211 | results = results.concat(this.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)); 212 | 213 | // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function 214 | if (Scorer.score) { 215 | for (i = 0; i < results.length; i++) 216 | results[i][4] = Scorer.score(results[i]); 217 | } 218 | 219 | // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the 220 | // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then 221 | // alphabetically 222 | results.sort(function(a, b) { 223 | var left = a[4]; 224 | var right = b[4]; 225 | if (left > right) { 226 | return 1; 227 | } else if (left < right) { 228 | return -1; 229 | } else { 230 | // same score: sort alphabetically 231 | left = a[1].toLowerCase(); 232 | right = b[1].toLowerCase(); 233 | return (left > right) ? -1 : ((left < right) ? 1 : 0); 234 | } 235 | }); 236 | 237 | // for debugging 238 | //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy 239 | //console.info('search results:', Search.lastresults); 240 | 241 | // print the results 242 | var resultCount = results.length; 243 | function displayNextItem() { 244 | // results left, load the summary and display it 245 | if (results.length) { 246 | var item = results.pop(); 247 | var listItem = $('
  • '); 248 | if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX === '') { 249 | // dirhtml builder 250 | var dirname = item[0] + '/'; 251 | if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) { 252 | dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length-6); 253 | } else if (dirname == 'index/') { 254 | dirname = ''; 255 | } 256 | listItem.append($('').attr('href', 257 | DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + dirname + 258 | highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1])); 259 | } else { 260 | // normal html builders 261 | listItem.append($('').attr('href', 262 | item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX + 263 | highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1])); 264 | } 265 | if (item[3]) { 266 | listItem.append($(' (' + item[3] + ')')); 267 | Search.output.append(listItem); 268 | listItem.slideDown(5, function() { 269 | displayNextItem(); 270 | }); 271 | } else if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.HAS_SOURCE) { 272 | $.ajax({url: DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX, 273 | dataType: "text", 274 | complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) { 275 | var data = jqxhr.responseText; 276 | if (data !== '' && data !== undefined) { 277 | listItem.append(Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchterms, hlterms)); 278 | } 279 | Search.output.append(listItem); 280 | listItem.slideDown(5, function() { 281 | displayNextItem(); 282 | }); 283 | }}); 284 | } else { 285 | // no source available, just display title 286 | Search.output.append(listItem); 287 | listItem.slideDown(5, function() { 288 | displayNextItem(); 289 | }); 290 | } 291 | } 292 | // search finished, update title and status message 293 | else { 294 | Search.stopPulse(); 295 | Search.title.text(_('Search Results')); 296 | if (!resultCount) 297 | Search.status.text(_('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.')); 298 | else 299 | Search.status.text(_('Search finished, found %s page(s) matching the search query.').replace('%s', resultCount)); 300 | Search.status.fadeIn(500); 301 | } 302 | } 303 | displayNextItem(); 304 | }, 305 | 306 | /** 307 | * search for object names 308 | */ 309 | performObjectSearch : function(object, otherterms) { 310 | var filenames = this._index.filenames; 311 | var docnames = this._index.docnames; 312 | var objects = this._index.objects; 313 | var objnames = this._index.objnames; 314 | var titles = this._index.titles; 315 | 316 | var i; 317 | var results = []; 318 | 319 | for (var prefix in objects) { 320 | for (var name in objects[prefix]) { 321 | var fullname = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + name; 322 | var fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase() 323 | if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) > -1) { 324 | var score = 0; 325 | var parts = fullnameLower.split('.'); 326 | // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or 327 | // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) 328 | if (fullnameLower == object || parts[parts.length - 1] == object) { 329 | score += Scorer.objNameMatch; 330 | // matches in last name 331 | } else if (parts[parts.length - 1].indexOf(object) > -1) { 332 | score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; 333 | } 334 | var match = objects[prefix][name]; 335 | var objname = objnames[match[1]][2]; 336 | var title = titles[match[0]]; 337 | // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be 338 | // found in the name/title/description 339 | if (otherterms.length > 0) { 340 | var haystack = (prefix + ' ' + name + ' ' + 341 | objname + ' ' + title).toLowerCase(); 342 | var allfound = true; 343 | for (i = 0; i < otherterms.length; i++) { 344 | if (haystack.indexOf(otherterms[i]) == -1) { 345 | allfound = false; 346 | break; 347 | } 348 | } 349 | if (!allfound) { 350 | continue; 351 | } 352 | } 353 | var descr = objname + _(', in ') + title; 354 | 355 | var anchor = match[3]; 356 | if (anchor === '') 357 | anchor = fullname; 358 | else if (anchor == '-') 359 | anchor = objnames[match[1]][1] + '-' + fullname; 360 | // add custom score for some objects according to scorer 361 | if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) { 362 | score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; 363 | } else { 364 | score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; 365 | } 366 | results.push([docnames[match[0]], fullname, '#'+anchor, descr, score, filenames[match[0]]]); 367 | } 368 | } 369 | } 370 | 371 | return results; 372 | }, 373 | 374 | /** 375 | * search for full-text terms in the index 376 | */ 377 | performTermsSearch : function(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms) { 378 | var docnames = this._index.docnames; 379 | var filenames = this._index.filenames; 380 | var titles = this._index.titles; 381 | 382 | var i, j, file; 383 | var fileMap = {}; 384 | var scoreMap = {}; 385 | var results = []; 386 | 387 | // perform the search on the required terms 388 | for (i = 0; i < searchterms.length; i++) { 389 | var word = searchterms[i]; 390 | var files = []; 391 | var _o = [ 392 | {files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term}, 393 | {files: titleterms[word], score: Scorer.title} 394 | ]; 395 | // add support for partial matches 396 | if (word.length > 2) { 397 | for (var w in terms) { 398 | if (w.match(word) && !terms[word]) { 399 | _o.push({files: terms[w], score: Scorer.partialTerm}) 400 | } 401 | } 402 | for (var w in titleterms) { 403 | if (w.match(word) && !titleterms[word]) { 404 | _o.push({files: titleterms[w], score: Scorer.partialTitle}) 405 | } 406 | } 407 | } 408 | 409 | // no match but word was a required one 410 | if ($u.every(_o, function(o){return o.files === undefined;})) { 411 | break; 412 | } 413 | // found search word in contents 414 | $u.each(_o, function(o) { 415 | var _files = o.files; 416 | if (_files === undefined) 417 | return 418 | 419 | if (_files.length === undefined) 420 | _files = [_files]; 421 | files = files.concat(_files); 422 | 423 | // set score for the word in each file to Scorer.term 424 | for (j = 0; j < _files.length; j++) { 425 | file = _files[j]; 426 | if (!(file in scoreMap)) 427 | scoreMap[file] = {} 428 | scoreMap[file][word] = o.score; 429 | } 430 | }); 431 | 432 | // create the mapping 433 | for (j = 0; j < files.length; j++) { 434 | file = files[j]; 435 | if (file in fileMap) 436 | fileMap[file].push(word); 437 | else 438 | fileMap[file] = [word]; 439 | } 440 | } 441 | 442 | // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms 443 | for (file in fileMap) { 444 | var valid = true; 445 | 446 | // check if all requirements are matched 447 | var filteredTermCount = // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded: ignore 448 | searchterms.filter(function(term){return term.length > 2}).length 449 | if ( 450 | fileMap[file].length != searchterms.length && 451 | fileMap[file].length != filteredTermCount 452 | ) continue; 453 | 454 | // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result 455 | for (i = 0; i < excluded.length; i++) { 456 | if (terms[excluded[i]] == file || 457 | titleterms[excluded[i]] == file || 458 | $u.contains(terms[excluded[i]] || [], file) || 459 | $u.contains(titleterms[excluded[i]] || [], file)) { 460 | valid = false; 461 | break; 462 | } 463 | } 464 | 465 | // if we have still a valid result we can add it to the result list 466 | if (valid) { 467 | // select one (max) score for the file. 468 | // for better ranking, we should calculate ranking by using words statistics like basic tf-idf... 469 | var score = $u.max($u.map(fileMap[file], function(w){return scoreMap[file][w]})); 470 | results.push([docnames[file], titles[file], '', null, score, filenames[file]]); 471 | } 472 | } 473 | return results; 474 | }, 475 | 476 | /** 477 | * helper function to return a node containing the 478 | * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list 479 | * of stemmed words, hlwords is the list of normal, unstemmed 480 | * words. the first one is used to find the occurrence, the 481 | * latter for highlighting it. 482 | */ 483 | makeSearchSummary : function(htmlText, keywords, hlwords) { 484 | var text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); 485 | var textLower = text.toLowerCase(); 486 | var start = 0; 487 | $.each(keywords, function() { 488 | var i = textLower.indexOf(this.toLowerCase()); 489 | if (i > -1) 490 | start = i; 491 | }); 492 | start = Math.max(start - 120, 0); 493 | var excerpt = ((start > 0) ? '...' : '') + 494 | $.trim(text.substr(start, 240)) + 495 | ((start + 240 - text.length) ? '...' : ''); 496 | var rv = $('
    ').text(excerpt); 497 | $.each(hlwords, function() { 498 | rv = rv.highlightText(this, 'highlighted'); 499 | }); 500 | return rv; 501 | } 502 | }; 503 | 504 | $(document).ready(function() { 505 | Search.init(); 506 | }); 507 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/html/_static/underscore.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Underscore.js 1.3.1 2 | // (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. 3 | // Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license. 4 | // Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype, 5 | // Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating. 6 | // For all details and documentation: 7 | // http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore 8 | (function(){function q(a,c,d){if(a===c)return a!==0||1/a==1/c;if(a==null||c==null)return 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    Chapter 3: Creating Your First OSG Program

    175 |
    176 |

    Constructing your own projects

    177 |
    178 |
    179 |

    Using a root node

    180 |
    181 |
    182 |

    Understanding memory management

    183 |

    在一个典型的编程场景中，开发者应该创建一个指向根节点的指针，根节点会直接或间接的管理场景图的所有其他子节点。在这种情况下，当他们不再需要进行渲染时，程序会遍历场景图并且小心的删除每一个节点及其内部数据。这个过程非常繁琐且极易出错，因为开发者不会知道有多少其他的对象依然指向正在被删除的节点。然而如果不编写管理代码，所有场景节点所占用的数据段就不会被删除，从而会导致不可预期的内存泄露。

    184 |

    这就是OSG编程中内存管理如此重要的原因。一个基本的内存管理概念通常涉及两个主题：

    185 |

    # 分配：通过分配所请求的内存块为对象提供需要的内存。 186 | # 回收：当其数据不再被需要时回收所分配的内存以供重用。

    187 |

    一些现代的编程语言，例如C#，Java与Visual Basic，使用垃圾回收器来释放任意的程序变量不再引用的内存块。这意味着存储引用内存块的对象数目，并且当数目减少到零时回收内存。

    188 |

    标准的C++方法并没有以这种方式进行工作，但是我们可以通过智能指针（smart pointer）的方法来模拟，智能指针被定义为一个类似于指针的对象，但是在内存管理中更为智能。例如，boost库提供了boost::shared_ptr<>类模板来存储指针以实现动态分配相关的对象。

    189 |
    190 |
    191 |

    ref_ptr<> and Referenced classes

    192 |

    幸运的是，OSG也提供了一个原生的智能指针，osg::ref_ptr<>，用于自动垃圾收集与释放。为了使其正确工作，OSG同时提供了osg::Referenced类来管理引用计数的内存块，该类被用作扮演模板参数角色的所有类的基类。

    193 |

    osg::ref_ptr<>类模板重新实现了大量的C++操作符以及成员函数，从而为开发者提供了方便的方法。其主要组成部分如下：

    194 |
      195 |

    • get()：该公共方法返回被管理的指针，例如，如果我们使用osg::Node作为模板参数则会返回osg::Node* 指针。

      • 196 |

    • operator*()：这实际上是一个解引用操作符，该操作符会返回指针地址处的左值，例如，osg::Node&引用变量。

      • 197 |

    • operator->()与operator=()：这两个操作符允许用户程序将osg::ref_ptr<>用作普通指针。前者调用被管理对象的成员函数，而后者使用一个新指针来替换当前被管理的指针。

      • 198 |

    • operator==()，operator!=()与operator!()：这几个操作符用于比较智能指针，或是检测特定的指针是否正确。被赋值为NULL值或是没有任何赋值的osg::ref_ptr<>对象被认为是不正确的。

      • 199 |

    • valid()：如果被管理的指针不为NULL，该公共方法会返回真。如果some_ptr被定义为智能指针，则表达式some_ptr.valid()等同于some_ptr!=NULL。

      • 200 |

    • release()：当由函数中返回被管理的地址时，这个公共方法会非常有用。我们会在稍后进行讨论。

      • 201 |
    202 |

    osg::Referenced类是所有场景图中所有元素的纯基类，例如节点，几何体，渲染状态以及所有其他可分配的场景对象。osg::Node类实际上间接派生自osg::Refereced。这也正是我们可以编写如下语句的原因：

    203 | 
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> root;
204 |
    205 |
    206 |

    osg::Referenced类包含一个整数用来处理所分配的内存块。在类的构造函数中引用计数被初始化为0，如果osg::Referenced对象被一个osg::ref_ptr<>智能指针引用时，引用计数会增加1。相对的，如果对象被由特定的智能指针移除时，引用计数会减1。当不再为任何智能指针引用时，对象本身将会被自动销毁。

    207 |

    osg::Referenced类提供了三个主要成员方法：

    208 |
      209 |

    • 公共方法ref()将引用计数值增加1

      • 210 |

    • 公共方法unref()将引用计数值减少1

      • 211 |

    • 公共方法referenceCount()返回当前的引用计数值，这对于代码调试非常有用

      • 212 |
    213 |

    这些方法同样可以作用于由osg::Referenced派生的类。注意，在用户程序中无需直接调用ref()与unref()方法，这意味着引用计数是由手动进行管理的，且也许会与osg::ref_ptr<>的操作产生冲突。否则，OSG的内部垃圾回收系统将会获得错误的正在使用中的智能指针数目，甚至在以不正确的方式管理内存块会导致程序崩溃。

    214 |
    215 |
    216 |

    Collecting garbage: why and how

    217 |

    下面是一些在程序中使用智能指针与垃圾回收系统的原因：

    218 |
      219 |

    • 更少的错误：使用智能指针意味着指针的自动初始化与清除。不会产生野指针，因为他们总是引用计数的。

      • 220 |

    • 高效管理：当对象不再被引用时他们会被立即回收，从而在有限的资源下为程序提供更多可用的内存。

      • 221 |

    • 调试容易：我们可以很容易获取对象的引用计数以及其他信息，然后应用其他的优化与实验。

      • 222 |
    223 |

    例如，场景图是由一个根节点与多层子节点构成的。假定所有的子节点都是由osg::ref_ptr<>进行管理的，用户程序只需要保存指向根节点的指针。如下图所示，删除根节点指针的操作将会导致销毁整个节点层次结构的级联效果：

    224 | _images/osg_ref_ptr.png 225 |

    示例中的每一个节点都是由其父节点进行管理的，并会在父节点的删除过程中自动解引用。该节点如果不再由其他的节点进行引用，会被立即销毁，而且其所有的子节点会被释放。整个场景图会在最后一个组合节点或是叶子节点被删除之后被最终清理。

    226 |

    这一过程非常方便与高效，不是吗？请确信OSG智能指针正适合我们，并且使用由osg::Referenced派生的类作为osg::ref_ptr<>的模板参数，并且正确的向智能指针赋值新分配的对象。

    227 |

    智能指针可以被用作局部变量，全局变量或是类变量，并且会在重新赋值给其他对象或是超出智能指针声明的范围时自动减少引用计数。

    228 |

    强烈推荐用户程序总是使用智能指针来管理其场景，但是仍然有一些需要特别注意的问题：

    229 |
      230 |

    • osg::Referenced及其派生类只能由堆上生成。他们不能被用作局部变量，因为出于安全考虑类析构函数在内部被声明为proteced。例如：

      • 231 |
    232 | 
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> node = new osg::Node; // this is legal
233 | osg::Node node; // this is illegal!
234 |
    235 |
    236 |
      237 |

    • 普通的C++指针可以临时起作用。但是用户程序应记得将其赋值给osg::ref_ptr<>，或是在最后将其添加到场景图元素（几乎所有的OSG场景类都使用智能指外域来管理子对象），因为他总是最安全的方法。

      • 238 |
    239 | 
    osg::Node* tmpNode = new osg::Node; // this is OK
240 | …
241 | osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> node = tmpNode; // Good finish!
242 |
    243 |
    244 |
      245 |

    • 不要使用循环引用，因为垃圾回收机制不能处理。循环引用意味着一个对象直接或是间接引用其自身，从而会导致错误的引用计数的计算。

      • 246 |
    247 |

    下图中所示的场景图包含两种类型的循环引用，这两种类型都是错误的。节点Child 1.1添加其自身作为子节点，从而会导致遍历子节点时的死循环，因为他也是其自身的子节点。节点Child 2.2是一个间接循环引用，当运行时会导致相同的问题：

    248 | _images/osg_reference_cycle.png 249 |

    下面让我们通过一个非常简单的示例来更好的理解内存管理的基本概念。

    250 |
    251 |
    252 |

    Tracing the managed entities

    253 |

    我们所感兴趣的是osg::ref_ptr<>如何绑定与处理osg::Referenced对象，以及何时销毁被管理的对象。我们已经了解的是：当对象不再为任何智能指针所引用，或是其引用者已经超出其声明范围时，所管理的对象会被自动销毁。让我们看一下实际这是如何操作的。

    254 |
    255 |
    256 |

    Parsing command-line arguments

    257 |

    主函数的命令行参数为用户程序定义了不同的参数。主函数的声明总是如下面的样子：

    258 | 
    int main( int argc, char** argv );
259 |
    260 |
    261 |

    argc与argv参数构成了一个包含程序名与其他必须参数的字符串数组。OSG提供了一个快速与安全的osg::ArgumentParser来读取并使用这些参数。

    262 |
    263 |
    264 |

    Tracing with the notifier

    265 |

    OSG通知器机制为由OSG渲染后端或是由用户级别输出可视的调试信息提供了理想方法。对于跟踪与调试程序这确实是一个重要而省时的方法。另外，通知器也被用在OSG核心功能与插件中来显示错误，警告信息或是过程信息。开发者也许仅是简单的在源代码中插入调试输出函数，输出函数，osg::notify()，被设计来接受不同的信息级别并将其发送到控制台划用户定义的控制器。

    266 |

    osg::nofiy()函数可以被用作标准输出流std::cout。他需要一个NotifyServerity参数来指示消息级别，该参数可以为ALWAYS，FATAL，WARN，NOTICE，INFO，DEBUG_INFO与DEBUG_FP，依次由最严重级别到最轻级别。例如：

    267 | 
    osg::notify(osg::WARN) << "Some warn message." << std::endl;
268 |
    269 |
    270 |

    默认情况下这会输出一条警告信息。这里osg::WARN被用于向OSG通知系统指示通知级别。

    271 |

    一系列的宏，例如OSG_FATAL，OSG_WARN与OSG_NOTICE与使用不同级别的osg::notify()函数具有相同的作用。

    272 |
    273 |
    274 |

    Redirecting the notifier

    275 |

    OSG输出信息总是包含关于运行状态，图形系统扩展以及OSG后端与用户程序中可能问题的相关信息。这对于作为调试基于OSG的程序的引用资源同样非常重要。

    276 |

    在某些情况下，在程序中并没有控制台输出，从而会阻碍我们读取通知信息与查找可能的错误。然而，osg::NotifyHandler派生类可以用于将通知器重定向到其他的输出流，例如文件或是GUI部件。

    277 |
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    279 |

    Summary

    280 |

    本章提供了一个简单的指南来使用CMake工具创建我们自己的简单OSG程序，并且介绍了一些实用程序。OSG使用智能指针用于在运行时分配给场景节点的操作系统资源的高效管理，这对于这些要求安全的程序的性能非常重要。为了有助于理解智能指针的工作原则，我们花费了大量的章节来解释osg::ref_ptr<>的使用以及如何计算引用计数，并且探讨了当管理OSG场景元素时可能会出现的各种情况。

    281 |

    在本章中，我们特别讨论了：

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    • 如何编写简单的CMake脚本文件并且使其与我们自己的源码和OSG依赖配合工作

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    • OSG智能指针与垃圾回收机制的原则

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    • 在场景图对象上使用智能指针的优点与注意事项

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    • 用于解析命令行参数以及跟踪与调试我们源代码的其他有用类与函数

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Chapter 1: The Journey into OpenSceneGraph 2 | ============================================ 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/ch02.rst: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Chapter 2: Compilation and Installation of OpenSceneGraph 2 | =========================================================== 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/ch03.rst: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Chapter 3: Creating Your First OSG Program 2 | ============================================== 3 | 4 | Constructing your own projects 5 | -------------------------------- 6 | 7 | Using a root node 8 | -------------------- 9 | 10 | Understanding memory management 11 | --------------------------------- 12 | 13 | 在一个典型的编程场景中，开发者应该创建一个指向根节点的指针，根节点会直接或间接的管理场景图的所有其他子节点。在这种情况下，当他们不再需要进行渲染时，程序会遍历场景图并且小心的删除每一个节点及其内部数据。这个过程非常繁琐且极易出错，因为开发者不会知道有多少其他的对象依然指向正在被删除的节点。然而如果不编写管理代码，所有场景节点所占用的数据段就不会被删除，从而会导致不可预期的内存泄露。 14 | 15 | 这就是OSG编程中内存管理如此重要的原因。一个基本的内存管理概念通常涉及两个主题： 16 | 17 | # 分配：通过分配所请求的内存块为对象提供需要的内存。 18 | # 回收：当其数据不再被需要时回收所分配的内存以供重用。 19 | 20 | 一些现代的编程语言，例如C#，Java与Visual Basic，使用垃圾回收器来释放任意的程序变量不再引用的内存块。这意味着存储引用内存块的对象数目，并且当数目减少到零时回收内存。 21 | 22 | 标准的C++方法并没有以这种方式进行工作，但是我们可以通过智能指针（smart pointer）的方法来模拟，智能指针被定义为一个类似于指针的对象，但是在内存管理中更为智能。例如，boost库提供了boost::shared_ptr<>类模板来存储指针以实现动态分配相关的对象。 23 | 24 | ref_ptr<> and Referenced classes 25 | ---------------------------------- 26 | 27 | 幸运的是，OSG也提供了一个原生的智能指针，osg::ref_ptr<>，用于自动垃圾收集与释放。为了使其正确工作，OSG同时提供了osg::Referenced类来管理引用计数的内存块，该类被用作扮演模板参数角色的所有类的基类。 28 | 29 | 30 | osg::ref_ptr<>类模板重新实现了大量的C++操作符以及成员函数，从而为开发者提供了方便的方法。其主要组成部分如下： 31 | 32 | * get()：该公共方法返回被管理的指针，例如，如果我们使用osg::Node作为模板参数则会返回osg::Node* 指针。 33 | * operator*()：这实际上是一个解引用操作符，该操作符会返回指针地址处的左值，例如，osg::Node&引用变量。 34 | * operator->()与operator=()：这两个操作符允许用户程序将osg::ref_ptr<>用作普通指针。前者调用被管理对象的成员函数，而后者使用一个新指针来替换当前被管理的指针。 35 | * operator==()，operator!=()与operator!()：这几个操作符用于比较智能指针，或是检测特定的指针是否正确。被赋值为NULL值或是没有任何赋值的osg::ref_ptr<>对象被认为是不正确的。 36 | * valid()：如果被管理的指针不为NULL，该公共方法会返回真。如果some_ptr被定义为智能指针，则表达式some_ptr.valid()等同于some_ptr!=NULL。 37 | * release()：当由函数中返回被管理的地址时，这个公共方法会非常有用。我们会在稍后进行讨论。 38 | 39 | osg::Referenced类是所有场景图中所有元素的纯基类，例如节点，几何体，渲染状态以及所有其他可分配的场景对象。osg::Node类实际上间接派生自osg::Refereced。这也正是我们可以编写如下语句的原因： 40 | 41 | :: 42 | 43 | osg::ref_ptr root; 44 | 45 | osg::Referenced类包含一个整数用来处理所分配的内存块。在类的构造函数中引用计数被初始化为0，如果osg::Referenced对象被一个osg::ref_ptr<>智能指针引用时，引用计数会增加1。相对的，如果对象被由特定的智能指针移除时，引用计数会减1。当不再为任何智能指针引用时，对象本身将会被自动销毁。 46 | 47 | osg::Referenced类提供了三个主要成员方法： 48 | 49 | * 公共方法ref()将引用计数值增加1 50 | * 公共方法unref()将引用计数值减少1 51 | * 公共方法referenceCount()返回当前的引用计数值，这对于代码调试非常有用 52 | 53 | 这些方法同样可以作用于由osg::Referenced派生的类。注意，在用户程序中无需直接调用ref()与unref()方法，这意味着引用计数是由手动进行管理的，且也许会与osg::ref_ptr<>的操作产生冲突。否则，OSG的内部垃圾回收系统将会获得错误的正在使用中的智能指针数目，甚至在以不正确的方式管理内存块会导致程序崩溃。 54 | 55 | Collecting garbage: why and how 56 | --------------------------------- 57 | 58 | 下面是一些在程序中使用智能指针与垃圾回收系统的原因： 59 | 60 | * 更少的错误：使用智能指针意味着指针的自动初始化与清除。不会产生野指针，因为他们总是引用计数的。 61 | * 高效管理：当对象不再被引用时他们会被立即回收，从而在有限的资源下为程序提供更多可用的内存。 62 | * 调试容易：我们可以很容易获取对象的引用计数以及其他信息，然后应用其他的优化与实验。 63 | 64 | 例如，场景图是由一个根节点与多层子节点构成的。假定所有的子节点都是由osg::ref_ptr<>进行管理的，用户程序只需要保存指向根节点的指针。如下图所示，删除根节点指针的操作将会导致销毁整个节点层次结构的级联效果： 65 | 66 | .. image:: _images/osg_ref_ptr.png 67 | 68 | 示例中的每一个节点都是由其父节点进行管理的，并会在父节点的删除过程中自动解引用。该节点如果不再由其他的节点进行引用，会被立即销毁，而且其所有的子节点会被释放。整个场景图会在最后一个组合节点或是叶子节点被删除之后被最终清理。 69 | 70 | 这一过程非常方便与高效，不是吗？请确信OSG智能指针正适合我们，并且使用由osg::Referenced派生的类作为osg::ref_ptr<>的模板参数，并且正确的向智能指针赋值新分配的对象。 71 | 72 | 智能指针可以被用作局部变量，全局变量或是类变量，并且会在重新赋值给其他对象或是超出智能指针声明的范围时自动减少引用计数。 73 | 74 | 强烈推荐用户程序总是使用智能指针来管理其场景，但是仍然有一些需要特别注意的问题： 75 | 76 | * osg::Referenced及其派生类只能由堆上生成。他们不能被用作局部变量，因为出于安全考虑类析构函数在内部被声明为proteced。例如： 77 | 78 | :: 79 | 80 | osg::ref_ptr node = new osg::Node; // this is legal 81 | osg::Node node; // this is illegal! 82 | 83 | * 普通的C++指针可以临时起作用。但是用户程序应记得将其赋值给osg::ref_ptr<>，或是在最后将其添加到场景图元素（几乎所有的OSG场景类都使用智能指外域来管理子对象），因为他总是最安全的方法。 84 | 85 | :: 86 | 87 | osg::Node* tmpNode = new osg::Node; // this is OK 88 | … 89 | osg::ref_ptr node = tmpNode; // Good finish! 90 | 91 | * 不要使用循环引用，因为垃圾回收机制不能处理。循环引用意味着一个对象直接或是间接引用其自身，从而会导致错误的引用计数的计算。 92 | 93 | 下图中所示的场景图包含两种类型的循环引用，这两种类型都是错误的。节点Child 1.1添加其自身作为子节点，从而会导致遍历子节点时的死循环，因为他也是其自身的子节点。节点Child 2.2是一个间接循环引用，当运行时会导致相同的问题： 94 | 95 | .. image:: _images/osg_reference_cycle.png 96 | 97 | 下面让我们通过一个非常简单的示例来更好的理解内存管理的基本概念。 98 | 99 | Tracing the managed entities 100 | -------------------------------- 101 | 102 | 我们所感兴趣的是osg::ref_ptr<>如何绑定与处理osg::Referenced对象，以及何时销毁被管理的对象。我们已经了解的是：当对象不再为任何智能指针所引用，或是其引用者已经超出其声明范围时，所管理的对象会被自动销毁。让我们看一下实际这是如何操作的。 103 | 104 | Parsing command-line arguments 105 | -------------------------------- 106 | 107 | 主函数的命令行参数为用户程序定义了不同的参数。主函数的声明总是如下面的样子： 108 | 109 | :: 110 | 111 | int main( int argc, char** argv ); 112 | 113 | argc与argv参数构成了一个包含程序名与其他必须参数的字符串数组。OSG提供了一个快速与安全的osg::ArgumentParser来读取并使用这些参数。 114 | 115 | Tracing with the notifier 116 | --------------------------- 117 | 118 | OSG通知器机制为由OSG渲染后端或是由用户级别输出可视的调试信息提供了理想方法。对于跟踪与调试程序这确实是一个重要而省时的方法。另外，通知器也被用在OSG核心功能与插件中来显示错误，警告信息或是过程信息。开发者也许仅是简单的在源代码中插入调试输出函数，输出函数，osg::notify()，被设计来接受不同的信息级别并将其发送到控制台划用户定义的控制器。 119 | 120 | osg::nofiy()函数可以被用作标准输出流std::cout。他需要一个NotifyServerity参数来指示消息级别，该参数可以为ALWAYS，FATAL，WARN，NOTICE，INFO，DEBUG_INFO与DEBUG_FP，依次由最严重级别到最轻级别。例如： 121 | 122 | :: 123 | 124 | osg::notify(osg::WARN) << "Some warn message." << std::endl; 125 | 126 | 默认情况下这会输出一条警告信息。这里osg::WARN被用于向OSG通知系统指示通知级别。 127 | 128 | 一系列的宏，例如OSG_FATAL，OSG_WARN与OSG_NOTICE与使用不同级别的osg::notify()函数具有相同的作用。 129 | 130 | Redirecting the notifier 131 | -------------------------- 132 | 133 | OSG输出信息总是包含关于运行状态，图形系统扩展以及OSG后端与用户程序中可能问题的相关信息。这对于作为调试基于OSG的程序的引用资源同样非常重要。 134 | 135 | 在某些情况下，在程序中并没有控制台输出，从而会阻碍我们读取通知信息与查找可能的错误。然而，osg::NotifyHandler派生类可以用于将通知器重定向到其他的输出流，例如文件或是GUI部件。 136 | 137 | Summary 138 | ---------- 139 | 140 | 本章提供了一个简单的指南来使用CMake工具创建我们自己的简单OSG程序，并且介绍了一些实用程序。OSG使用智能指针用于在运行时分配给场景节点的操作系统资源的高效管理，这对于这些要求安全的程序的性能非常重要。为了有助于理解智能指针的工作原则，我们花费了大量的章节来解释osg::ref_ptr<>的使用以及如何计算引用计数，并且探讨了当管理OSG场景元素时可能会出现的各种情况。 141 | 142 | 在本章中，我们特别讨论了： 143 | 144 | * 如何编写简单的CMake脚本文件并且使其与我们自己的源码和OSG依赖配合工作 145 | * OSG智能指针与垃圾回收机制的原则 146 | * 在场景图对象上使用智能指针的优点与注意事项 147 | * 用于解析命令行参数以及跟踪与调试我们源代码的其他有用类与函数 148 | 149 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/ch12.rst: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Chapter 12: Improving Rendering Efficiency 2 | ============================================ 3 | 4 | 在本书的最后一章，我们将介绍用于构建快速，实时渲染系统所需要的技术，从而以一种高效的方式帮助用户载入，组织与渲染大规模数据集。理解一个较大API调用集合的所有类，方法与全局变量相对较为容易，但是将我们所学的内容应用实际应用，正确且高效的方式，则是另一回事。这里改善渲染效率的方法也许有助于解决我们时不时会遇到的某些引擎问题。 5 | 6 | 在本章中，我们将会了解： 7 | 8 | * 在OSG中实现多线程操作与渲染的基本原则 9 | * 场景裁剪与闭塞裁剪的概念 10 | * 通过修改与共享几何体与纹理改善渲染性的不同方法 11 | * 在处理大数据集时的动态分页机制及其应用 12 | 13 | Open Threads basics 14 | ---------------------- 15 | 16 | OpenThreads是一个用于OSG类与应用的一个轻量级，跨平台的API。他支持一个多线程程序所需要的基本元素，也就是，线程对象（OpenThreads::Thread），用于锁住不同线程共享数据的信号量（OpenThreads::Mutex），边界（OpenThreads::Barrier），以及条件（OpenThreads::Condition）。后两者经常用于线程同步。 17 | 18 | 为某一目的创建新线程，我们需要派生OpenThreads::Thread基类并重新实现其虚方法。还有一些方便处理线程与线程属性的全局函数，例如： 19 | 20 | * GetNumberOfProcessors()函数获取可用的处理器数量 21 | * SetProcessorAffinityOfCurrentThread()函数设置处理与当前线程的关系（也就是，哪一个处理器用来执行当前线程）。他应在线程当前运行时调用。 22 | * OpenThreads::Thread的CurrentThread()静态函数返回指向当前运行线程实例的指针。 23 | * OpenThreads::Thread的YieldCurrentThread()静态函数获取当前线程并且让其他线程接管处理器的控制。 24 | * OpenThreads::Thread的microSleep()静态方法使得当前线程睡眠指定的毫秒数。他也可以用在单线程程序中。 25 | 26 | Time for action - using a separate data receiver thread 27 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 28 | 29 | 在该示例中，我们将使用OpenThreads库设计一个新线程，并用来由标准输入读取字符。同时，主进程，也就是，OSG查看器与渲染后端将会接收输入字符并使用osgText库在屏幕上进行显示。只有当数据线程与主进程同时完成时，整个程序才会正常退出。 30 | 31 | 1. 包含必须的头文件： 32 | 33 | :: 34 | 35 | #include 36 | #include 37 | #include 38 | #include 39 | #include 40 | 41 | 2. 声明一个新的DataReceiverThread类作为OpenThread::Thread类的派生类。在该类中需要实现两个新方法以确保线程可以正常工作：cancel()方法定义了线程的关闭处理，而run()方法定义了由线程的开始到结束所发生的动作。我们同时定义了一个mutex变量用于线程间同步，并有为了方便使用单例模式： 42 | 43 | :: 44 | 45 | class DataReceiverThread : public OpenThreads::Thread 46 | { 47 | public: 48 | static DataReceiverThread* instance() 49 | { 50 | static DataReceiverThread s_thread; 51 | return &s_thread; 52 | } 53 | virtual int cancel(); 54 | virtual void run(); 55 | 56 | void addToContent( int ch ); 57 | bool getContent( std::string& str ); 58 | protected: 59 | OpenThreads::Mutex _mutex; 60 | std::string _content; 61 | bool _done; 62 | bool _dirty; 63 | }; 64 | 65 | 3. 关闭处理非常简单：设置变量_done（在run()实现中重复检测直到为true）并等待线程完成： 66 | 67 | :: 68 | 69 | int DataReceiverThread::cancel() 70 | { 71 | _done = true; 72 | while( isRunning() ) YieldCurrentThread(); 73 | return 0; 74 | } 75 | 76 | 4. run()方法是线程类的核心。他通常包含一个循环，在其中执行实际的处理动作。在我们的数据接收线程中，我们使用std::cin.get()来由键盘输入读取字符并且确定是否可以添加到成员字符串_content中。当_done被设置为true时，run()方法结束生命周期，而整个线程也同样如此： 77 | 78 | :: 79 | 80 | void DataReceiverThread::run() 81 | { 82 | _done = false; 83 | _dirty = true; 84 | do 85 | { 86 | YieldCurrentThread(); 87 | 88 | int ch = 0; 89 | std::cin.get(ch); 90 | switch (ch) 91 | { 92 | case 0: break; // We don't want '\0' to be added 93 | case 9: _done = true; break; // ASCII code of Tab = 9 94 | default: addToContent(ch); break; 95 | } 96 | } while( !_done ); 97 | } 98 | 99 | 5. 在这里要小心std::cin.get()函数：他首先由用户输入读取一个或多个字符，直到回车键被按下并接收到'\n'为止。然后，他由缓冲区中一次选取一个字符，并连续将其添加到成员字符串中。当缓冲区中的所有字符都遍历完成后，他会清空缓冲区并再次等待用户输入。 100 | 101 | 6. 自定义的addToContent()方法向_content添加新字符。该方法当然是在数据接收者线程中被调用的，所以当我们改变_content变量时，我们必须锁定mutex对象，来避免其他线程与主进程污染该变量： 102 | 103 | :: 104 | 105 | void DataReceiverThread::addToContent( int ch ) 106 | { 107 | OpenThreads::ScopedLock lock(_mutex); 108 | _content += ch; 109 | _dirty = true; 110 | } 111 | 112 | 7. 自定义的getContent()方法被用来获取_content变量并将其添加到输入字符串参数。该方法是前面addToContent()方法的逆操作，只能在后续的OSG回调实现中调用。互斥（mutex）对象的作用域锁定操作将会使得整个处理是线程安全的，就如是addToContent()中的处理一样： 113 | 114 | :: 115 | 116 | bool getContent( std::string& str ) 117 | { 118 | OpenThreads::ScopedLock lock(_mutex); 119 | if ( _dirty ) 120 | { 121 | str += _content; 122 | _dirty = false; 123 | return true; 124 | } 125 | return false; 126 | } 127 | 128 | 8. 线程实现完成了。现在让我们回到渲染。这里我们所希望的是一个可以依据由主进程中接收到的字符串而动态改变其内容的文本对象。文本对象的更新回调对于实现该功能是必须的。在自定义的更新回调的虚update()方法中（用于可绘制元素，所以这里不需要osg::NodeCallback），我们简单的接收osgText::Text对象以及接收器线程实例，然后重置所显示的文本： 129 | 130 | :: 131 | 132 | class UpdateTextCallback : public osg::Drawable::UpdateCallback 133 | { 134 | public: 135 | virtual void update( osg::NodeVisitor* nv, 136 | osg::Drawable* drawable ) 137 | { 138 | osgText::Text* text = 139 | static_cast(drawable); 140 | if ( text ) 141 | { 142 | std::string str("# "); 143 | if ( DataReceiverThread::instance()->getContent(str) ) 144 | text->setText( str ); 145 | } 146 | } 147 | }; 148 | 149 | 9. 在主体部分，我们首先创建osgText::Text可绘制元素，并且应我们文本更新回调的实例。这里setAxisAlignment()将文本定义为场景中的公告板，而setDataVariance()确保文本对象在更新与绘制过程中是动态更新的。同时还有一个setInitialBound()方法，该方法接受osg::BoundingBox变量作为参数。他会强制可绘制元素最小边界框的定义，并依此计算初始视图矩阵： 150 | 151 | :: 152 | 153 | osg::ref_ptr text = new osgText::Text; 154 | text->setFont( "fonts/arial.ttf" ); 155 | text->setAxisAlignment( osgText::TextBase::SCREEN ); 156 | text->setDataVariance( osg::Object::DYNAMIC ); 157 | text->setInitialBound( 158 | osg::BoundingBox(osg::Vec3(), osg::Vec3(400.0f, 20.0f, 20.0f)) 159 | ); 160 | text->setUpdateCallback( new UpdateTextCallback ); 161 | 162 | 10. 将文本对象添加到osg::Geode节点并关闭灯光。在启动查看器之前，我们同时需要确保场景被渲染到固定尺寸的窗口中。这是因为我们同时需要使用控制台窗口用于键盘输入： 163 | 164 | :: 165 | 166 | osg::ref_ptr geode = new osg::Geode; 167 | geode->addDrawable( text.get() ); 168 | geode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode( 169 | GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF ); 170 | osgViewer::Viewer viewer; 171 | viewer.setSceneData( geode.get() ); 172 | viewer.setUpViewInWindow( 50, 50, 640, 480 ); 173 | 174 | 11. 在查看器运行之前启动数据接收器，并在之后退出： 175 | 176 | :: 177 | 178 | DataReceiverThread::instance()->startThread(); 179 | viewer.run(); 180 | DataReceiverThread::instance()->cancel(); 181 | return 0; 182 | 183 | 12. 如果我们使用子系统控制台编译我们的工程，则会出现两个窗口。将焦点放在控制台窗口中并输入一些字符。当我们完成时输入回车，并在回车后按下Tab以退出接收者线程： 184 | 185 | .. image:: _images/osg_threads_console.png 186 | 187 | 13. 我们将会注意到相同的字符出现在OSG渲染窗口中。这可以被看作一个非常基本的文本编辑器，文本源位于一个单独的接收线程中，而绘制界面则是在OSG场景图中实现的： 188 | 189 | .. image:: _images/osg_threads_window.png 190 | 191 | What just happened? 192 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 193 | 194 | 介绍线程与多线程编程超出了本书的范围。然而，使用单独的线程来由磁盘或是局域网载入大文件已经非常常见。其他一些程序使用线程来持续接收来自网络服务或客户端计算机的数据，或是用户定义输入设备，包括GPS与雷达信号，这会极大的改善速度与效率。其余的数据处理线程甚至可以指定要其上进行处理的处理器，从而可以利用今天双核心与四核CPU。 195 | 196 | OpenThreads库为OSG开发者甚至是普通的C++线程程序员提供了一个最小但完整的面向对象线程接口。他被osgViewer库用来实现多线程场景更新、裁剪与绘制，这是OSG中高效渲染的秘密。在这里要注意，多线程渲染并不简单指在单独的线程中执行OpenGL调用，因为相关的渲染环境（在Win32下为HGLRC）是线程相关的。一个OpenGL环境只能位于一个线程中（使用wglMakeCurrent()函数）。所以，仅封装一个OpenGL环境的OSG渲染窗口在多线程中不会被激活和接受异步OpenGL调用。他要求对线程模型的精确控制来使得一切运行良好。 197 | 198 | Pop quiz - carefully blocking threads 199 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 200 | 201 | 存在一个同时用在DataReceiverThread类示例中的addToContent()与getContent()方法中的互斥对象。他可以阻止不同的线程同时访问相同的数据。我们是否可以指出两个方法同时处理冲突的_content变量的最可能时刻吗？如果这里我们没有使用互斥会发生什么情况呢？ 202 | 203 | 204 | Understanding multithreaded readering 205 | ---------------------------------------- 206 | 207 | 实时渲染的传统方法总是涉及到三个单独步骤：用户更新（UPDATE），场景裁剪（CULL）以及执行OpenGL调用（DRAW）。 208 | 209 | 用户更新包括各种类型的动态数据修改与操作，例如修改场景图层次结构，载入文件，骨骼顶点动画，以及更新相机位置与属性。然后他将场景图发送到裁剪阶段，在该阶段，出于改善最终渲染性的目的，场景会被重新构建。在查看截面不可见或是出于某种原因隐藏的对象将会被移除，而其余部分会由渲染状态进行排序并推送到绘制列表。该列表会在最后的绘制阶段进行遍历，而所有的OpenGL命令将会被执行来进行图像管线的处理。 210 | 211 | 一个单处理器系统需要串行处理所有三个阶段，从而导致一帧对于用户需求过长的情况。 212 | 213 | 在一个多处理器与多显示设备的系统中，我们可以有多个并行的裁剪与绘制任务来加快帧速率。特别是当管理多个渲染窗口时，为每个窗口生成一个处理裁剪与绘制阶段的新线程模型是必需的，并且同时执行。当然，这样会比仅使用一个线程要高效得多。 214 | 215 | Time for action - switching between different threading models 216 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 217 | 218 | OSG提供了非常方便的接口用于选择线程模型。不同的线程模型可以用于不同的环境，并有不同的效率。在此示例中，我们将会显示当运行一个具有大量四边形几何体的场景，在osgViewer::CompisteViewer的三个渲染窗口同时运行时，三个常用线程模型之间的区别。 219 | 220 | 1. 包含必须的头文件： 221 | 222 | :: 223 | 224 | #include 225 | #include 226 | #include 227 | #include 228 | 229 | 2. 四边形可以使用osg::createTexturedQuadGeometry()函数生成。其位置简单的通过一个随机数生成器确定。这样的一个四边形不会占用过多的系统资源。但是大量没有使用对象共享机制的四边形将会很快耗尽系统与视频卡内存（由于每一个几何体显示列表的构建），这对于测试系统负载容量非常有帮助： 230 | 231 | :: 232 | 233 | #define RAND(min, max) \ 234 | ((min) + (float)rand()/(RAND_MAX+1) * ((max)-(min))) 235 | osg::Geode* createMassiveQuads( unsigned int number ) 236 | { 237 | osg::ref_ptr geode = new osg::Geode; 238 | for ( unsigned int i=0; i quad = 246 | osg::createTexturedQuadGeometry( 247 | randomCenter, 248 | osg::Vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), 249 | osg::Vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) 250 | ); 251 | geode->addDrawable( quad.get() ); 252 | } 253 | return geode.release(); 254 | } 255 | 256 | 3. 组合查看器对于每个渲染窗口需要一个单独的osgViewer::View实例。窗口的位置与大小是由setUpViewInWindow()方法确定的： 257 | 258 | :: 259 | 260 | osgViewer::View* createView( int x, int y, int w, int h, 261 | osg::Node* scene ) 262 | { 263 | osg::ref_ptr view = new osgViewer::View; 264 | view->setSceneData( scene ); 265 | view->setUpViewInWindow( x, y, w, h ); 266 | return view.release(); 267 | } 268 | 269 | 4. 在主体部分，我们首先使用一个参数解析器来选择线程模型。默认情况下，OSG会依据处理器与程序的渲染窗口的数量自动选择最佳的线程策略，也就是AutomaticSelection。但是我们仍然由内建值中指定一种处理多线程渲染的方法，包括SingleThreaded，ThreadPerContext与ThreadPerCamera： 270 | 271 | :: 272 | 273 | osg::ArgumentParser arguments( &argc, argv ); 274 | osgViewer::ViewerBase::ThreadingModel th = 275 | osgViewer::ViewerBase::AutomaticSelection; 276 | if ( arguments.read("--single") ) th = 277 | osgViewer::ViewerBase::SingleThreaded; 278 | else if ( arguments.read("--useContext") ) th = 279 | osgViewer::ViewerBase::ThreadPerContext; 280 | else if ( arguments.read("--useCamera") ) th = 281 | osgViewer::ViewerBase::ThreadPerCamera; 282 | 283 | 5. 创建三个渲染视图并将大量的四边形几何体应用到其中的每一个。在该示例中总计分配了20000个四边形用于演示不同的线程模型： 284 | 285 | :: 286 | 287 | osgViewer::View* view1 = createView( 50, 50, 640, 480, 288 | createMassiveQuads(10000) ); 289 | osgViewer::View* view2 = createView( 50, 550, 320, 240, 290 | createMassiveQuads(5000) ); 291 | osgViewer::View* view3 = createView( 370, 550, 320, 240, 292 | createMassiveQuads(5000) ); 293 | view1->addEventHandler( new osgViewer::StatsHandler ); 294 | 295 | 6. 创建组合查看器并设置用户指定的线程模型。注意，这里的setThreadingModel()方法不仅能用于osgViewer::CompositeViewer，而且对于大多数普通的osgViewer::Viewer实例也是可用的： 296 | 297 | :: 298 | 299 | osgViewer::CompositeViewer viewer; 300 | viewer.setThreadingModel( th ); 301 | viewer.addView( view1 ); 302 | viewer.addView( view2 ); 303 | viewer.addView( view3 ); 304 | return viewer.run(); 305 | 306 | 7. 编译程序（假定其名字为MyProject.exe）并在控制台模式下输入下面命令： 307 | 308 | :: 309 | 310 | # MyProject.exe --single 311 | 312 | 8. 最终的结果如下图所示。注意对于单线程模型帧速率仅为20，其中，更新、裁剪与绘制阶段是在相同的线程中依次完成的： 313 | 314 | .. image:: _images/osg_multithread_single.png 315 | 316 | 9. 将参数由--single改变--useContext并再次启动测试程序。这次我们将会发现帧速率增加了。这是因为OSG除了用户更新阶段，对于裁剪与绘制阶段使用单独的线程，从而大大的改进了渲染性能： 317 | 318 | .. image:: _images/osg_multithread_context.png 319 | 320 | 10. 将命令行参数修改为--useCamera并再次启动测试程序。这际上是对于现令大多数多处理器计算机的默认策略。他甚至好于第二种线程模型，因为他对于相机与渲染窗口使用不同的线程，并在单独的CPU上运行线程以获得最大的效率： 321 | 322 | .. image:: _images/osg_multithread_camera.png 323 | 324 | What just happened? 325 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 326 | 327 | SingleThreaded线程模型可以表示为下图。每个渲染窗口中的CULL与DRAW阶段也许会有不同的聚合时间，在这里一帧被定义为由每一个视图的CULL开始直到最后一个视图的DRAW为止的总时间。在这里忽略了用户更新操作，因为在所有的线程模型中他们总是占用相同的聚合时间： 328 | 329 | .. image:: _images/osg_threads_frame.png 330 | 331 | 更新、裁剪与绘制操作总是在一个线程内执行。如果有多个子视图，也就是，多个裁剪与绘制任务要完成，那么他们就会被依次执行。这是OSG中渲染场景最高效的模型，但是对于测试新功能依然有用。同时他也简化了与GUI的集成，例如MFC与Qt。因为我们并不关心线程冲突，所以我们可以仅将osgViewer::Viewer或osgViewer::CompositeViewer的run()方法放在GUI计时器事件回调中，而不需要使用额外的线程，正如我们在第9章所做的那样。 332 | 333 | ThreadPerContext模型可以直接由下图进行表示： 334 | 335 | .. image:: _images/osg_threads_context.png 336 | 337 | 每个组合查看器的子视图有其自己的线程，在其中执行裁剪与绘制任务。由于线程的并行特性，每一个帧的执行时间将会短于最长CULL与DRAW对的总时间。在所有的DRAW任务完成之后，下一帧的用户更新将会立即启动。 338 | 339 | 这在渲染性能方面要好于单线程模型。他甚至可以利用多处理器，因为每个线程可以占用单独的处理器，以最大化硬件资源的使用。 340 | 341 | 然而，更好的解决方案是ThreadPerCamera模型。这会将每个视图的CULL阶段与DRAW阶段分开，同时在线程中实现。这意味着对于每个渲染窗口我们至少有一个CULL线程与一个DRAW线程，因而可以完全利用多处理器系统。因为裁剪操作一定与osg::Camera节点相关（他为视图截图裁剪管理视图与投影矩阵），我们将该线程模型称为“每个相机一个线程”模型，如下图所示： 342 | 343 | .. image:: _images/osg_threads_camera.png 344 | 345 | 在线程模型中，DRAW阶段被看作两个并行处理，在CPU端分民命令，而在GPU端执行渲染缓冲区交换并执行。交换缓冲区操作的时间消耗可以是统一的，并且在所有的DRAW分发操作完成之后执行。但是在这之前，线程模型会预告启动下一帧的用户UPDATE阶段。这种处理再一次极大的改善了渲染性能，但是如果用户更新改变正在被分发的场景数据，也许会导致未预期的结果。这也正是我们为也许会被修改的场景对象设置动态标记的原因： 346 | 347 | :: 348 | 349 | node->setDataVariance( osg::Object::DYNAMIC ); 350 | 351 | 默认情况，如果检测到多处理器系统，OSG将会支持ThreadPerCamera线程模型。 352 | 353 | Dynamic scene culling 354 | ----------------------- 355 | 356 | 裁剪技术可以进行简单的描述：不绘制我们看不见的东西。我们可以使用两种主要方法实现该目的：通过减少不需要进行细化的多边形面，以及忽略当前视口中不可见的对象。 357 | 358 | 前者通常是由LOD（level-of-detail）算法实现的，在OSG中是通过osg::LOD类实现的。后者实际上是场景裁剪的定义，目的是查找场景图中根本不需要渲染的对象。在OSG中有多种裁剪技术类型： 359 | 360 | * 背面裁剪（Back face culling）：这是由osg::CullFace类实现的，该类封装了OpenGL的glCullFace()函数。他会由渲染管线的相机中移除所有多边形面，从而减少内存占用。这种技术很有用，特别是对于复杂的对象，但是对于透明的物体或是有洞的物体也许会有错误。 361 | * 小特性裁剪（Smallfeature culling）：该技术会基于可见性测试允许过小而看不见的对象的移除，结果导致如果绘制对象则会影响对象的像素数。如果该数目小于用户定义的最小像素阈值，则该对象会由渲染列表中移除。 362 | * 视图截面裁剪（View-frustum culling）：其思想只是简单的不渲染超出由渲染窗口的视图与投影矩阵所定义的视图截面的部分。这是现代渲染程序中最高效的方法。 363 | * 闭合裁剪（Occlusion culling）：该技术会确定由于隐藏在其他对象之后，哪些对象会完全不可见。我们很快会在下一节进行讨论。 364 | 365 | 注意，小特性裁剪方法也许会导致实际的实际的几何体点不可渲染。要禁止该特性，我们可以使用相机节点的setCullingMode()方法： 366 | 367 | :: 368 | 369 | camera->setCullingMode( 370 | camera->getCullingMode() & ~osg::Camera::SMALL_FEATURE_CULLING ); 371 | 372 | Occluders and occludees 373 | ------------------------- 374 | 375 | 当渲染复杂的场景时，由查看者的视角来看，两个或多个对象彼此重叠是很常见的现象。这会导致重复绘制，这意味着当最终的图片仅显示最后一个对象时，相同位置的像素会被多次写入帧缓冲区。这会导致效率损失，因为多次绘制并没有必要（所谓的覆盖绘制）。 376 | 377 | 闭合裁剪技术简单的通过不绘制为距离相机更近的对象所隐藏的几何体来提高渲染性能。覆盖其他可绘制元素的对象被称之为遮光板，而场景的其余部分可以被看作非遮光区域（未没有必要使用这样不熟悉的单词）。 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | Improving your application 382 | ------------------------------ 383 | 384 | Paging huge scene data 385 | -------------------------- 386 | 387 | Making use of the quad-tree 388 | ----------------------------- 389 | 390 | Summary 391 | --------- 392 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/conf.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder. 2 | # 3 | # This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full 4 | # list see the documentation: 5 | # https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html 6 | 7 | # -- Path setup -------------------------------------------------------------- 8 | 9 | # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, 10 | # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the 11 | # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. 12 | # 13 | # import os 14 | # import sys 15 | # sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) 16 | 17 | 18 | # -- Project information ----------------------------------------------------- 19 | 20 | project = "OpenSceneGraph 3.0 Beginner's Guide" 21 | copyright = '2019, mylxiaoyi' 22 | author = 'mylxiaoyi' 23 | 24 | # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags 25 | release = '0.0.1' 26 | 27 | 28 | # -- General configuration --------------------------------------------------- 29 | 30 | # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be 31 | # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom 32 | # ones. 33 | extensions = [ 34 | ] 35 | 36 | # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. 37 | templates_path = ['_templates'] 38 | 39 | # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and 40 | # directories to ignore when looking for source files. 41 | # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path. 42 | exclude_patterns = [] 43 | 44 | master_doc = 'index' 45 | 46 | 47 | # -- Options for HTML output ------------------------------------------------- 48 | pygments_style = 'sphinx' 49 | 50 | highlight_language = 'cpp' 51 | # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for 52 | # a list of builtin themes. 53 | # 54 | #html_theme = 'alabaster' 55 | html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme' 56 | 57 | # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, 58 | # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, 59 | # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". 60 | html_static_path = ['_static', '_images'] 61 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/index.rst: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .. OpenSceneGraph 3.0 Beginner's Guide documentation master file, created by 2 | sphinx-quickstart on Tue Nov 19 21:15:04 2019. 3 | You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least 4 | contain the root `toctree` directive. 5 | 6 | Welcome to OpenSceneGraph 3.0 Beginner's Guide's documentation! 7 | =============================================================== 8 | 9 | .. toctree:: 10 | :maxdepth: 2 11 | :caption: Contents: 12 | 13 | ch01 14 | ch02 15 | ch03 16 | ch04 17 | ch05 18 | ch06 19 | ch07 20 | ch08 21 | ch09 22 | ch10 23 | ch11 24 | ch12 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | Indices and tables 29 | ================== 30 | 31 | * :ref:`genindex` 32 | * :ref:`modindex` 33 | * :ref:`search` 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /source/requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mylxiaoyi/osg3/3f81cf69c1e013a0384d51249c62de1b3e349c7c/source/requirements.txt --------------------------------------------------------------------------------