├── .idea
├── .gitignore
├── SurfingTutorial.iml
├── inspectionProfiles
│ └── profiles_settings.xml
├── misc.xml
├── modules.xml
└── vcs.xml
├── .imgbotconfig
├── LICENSE
├── _config.yml
├── chap1
└── ram_disk.md
├── chap2
├── To_be_BT_master.md
├── antivirus.md
├── browser_choose.md
├── browser_plugins_recommend.md
└── search_engine.md
├── chap3
├── file_attributes.md
├── screenshot_ways.md
├── unzip.md
└── windows_disk.md
├── chap4
└── XMP.md
├── img
├── chap1_disk_img2.png
├── chap1_ram_img1.png
├── chap2_add_plugins.png
├── chap2_default_search.png
├── chap2_domain.png
├── chap2_edge.png
├── chap2_edge_location.png
├── chap2_new_home.png
├── chap2_new_tab.png
├── chap2_search_fastcopy1.png
├── chap2_search_fastcopy2.png
├── chap2_search_qq1.png
├── chap2_search_qq2.png
├── chap2_search_torlook.png
├── chap2_search_with_search_engine.png
├── chap2_search_with_url.png
├── chap2_tampermonkey_add_new_plugins.png
├── chap2_tampermonkey_find_new_plugins.png
├── chap2_tampermonkey_find_new_plugins_from_GF.png
├── chap2_tampermonkey_install_new_plugins.png
├── chap3-disk1.png
├── chap3-disk2.png
├── chap3_file_attribute_extension.png
├── chap3_screenhot_windows.png
└── chap3_snipaste_screenshot.png
└── readme.md
/.idea/.gitignore:
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1 | # 默认忽略的文件
2 | /shelf/
3 | /workspace.xml
4 | # 基于编辑器的 HTTP 客户端请求
5 | /httpRequests/
6 | # Datasource local storage ignored files
7 | /dataSources/
8 | /dataSources.local.xml
9 |
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/.idea/SurfingTutorial.iml:
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/.idea/vcs.xml:
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/.imgbotconfig:
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1 | {
2 | "aggressiveCompression": true
3 | }
4 |
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1 | theme: jekyll-theme-cayman
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/chap1/ram_disk.md:
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1 | # 内存和硬盘的区别
2 |
3 | 有很多人分不清内存(Random Access Memory - 简写为RAM)和硬盘(ROM-Read-Only Memory - 简写为 ROM)的区别。
4 | 所以有的人会说"我的电脑有512G的内存"(~~不过也有可能富婆真的有~~)这种情况
5 |
6 | ## 内存
7 |
8 | 
9 |
10 | > 内存(Memory)是计算机的重要部件,也称内存储器和主存储器,它用于暂时存放CPU中的运算数据,以及与硬盘等外部存储器交换的数据。它是外存与CPU进行沟通的桥梁,计算机中所有程序的运行都在内存中进行,内存性能的强弱影响计算机整体发挥的水平。只要计算机开始运行,操作系统就会把需要运算的数据从内存调到CPU中进行运算,当运算完成,CPU将结果传送出来。
11 |
12 | **对于电脑小白来说不需要了解上面那段话的意思,你只需要知道下面的内容:**
13 |
14 | * 内存的大小和你能存多少游戏,视频,音乐通常没有关系(因为这些都是存在硬盘上的)
15 | * 内存与你能同时运行多少应用,或者是运行多大的应用有关系(程序运行在内存中)
16 | * 内存中的数据断电会丢失,而硬盘断电不会丢失原有数据(而在读写中的数据会丢失)
17 |
18 | ## 硬盘
19 |
20 | 
21 |
22 | > 硬盘(hard disk)是计算机中最重要的存储器之一。计算机需要正常运行所需的大部分软件都存储在硬盘上。因为硬盘存储的容量较大,
23 |
24 | **注意,上图看到的只是硬盘的一个 `分区`,一个硬盘上可能存在多个分区**
25 |
26 | 你需要知道的有下面的内容:
27 |
28 | * 硬盘中的数据断电不会丢失(废话)
29 | * 硬盘通常比内存慢很多(真的很多)
30 |
31 | 硬盘分为固态硬盘(SSD)和机械硬盘(HDD)
32 |
33 | > * SSD速度快,价格高,寿命较低(其实寿命完全够)
34 | > * SSD不能数据恢复,即数据删除之后不能被找回(这里的删除指的是实际上从硬盘中覆写掉或删除掉,而不是移动到回收站)
35 |
36 | > * HDD速度慢,价格低,寿命通常比SSD高(请不要把HDD放在环境不稳定的地方,有可能会造成硬盘的损坏或寿命降低)
37 | > * HHD能在一定程度上恢复数据,即数据没有在硬盘中完全删除时还可以用特殊的工具找回(不过有可能数据会损坏一部分)
38 |
39 |
40 | # 参考
41 |
42 | https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98/103614
43 |
44 | https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98/8686272
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/chap2/To_be_BT_master.md:
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1 | # 使用 BT 获取资源
2 | 相较于另外两种下载方式(http/ftp),BT具有学习资源丰富,用户间下载的特点
3 | 本文目标:
4 | 1. 认识与了解bt
5 | 2. 学会使用bt下载
6 | 3. 了解一些规则
7 | ...
8 | n. 使用BT获取你需要的资源(~~让你像gc一样bt~~
9 |
10 |
11 | ## 认识与了解bt
12 | > BT是一个文件分发协议,是一种多点共享协议。它对比HTTP/FTP协议,MMS/RTSP流媒体协议等下载方式的优势在于,一个文件的下载者们下载的同时也在不断互相上传数据,使文件源(可以是服务器源也可以是个人源,一般特指第一个做种者或种子的第一发布者)可以在增加很有限的负载之情况下支持大量下载者同时下载,这种传输方式也有“下载的人越多,下载的速度越快”这种说法。
13 | 总而言之,bt是一种下载方式,需要[特定方式](#下载方式)进行使用
14 | ### 一些概念
15 | 种子,tracker,做种,DHT 等
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 | ## 学会使用bt下载
21 | 认识种子,下载方式,资源获取等
22 | ### 认识种子
23 | 种子文件后缀:.torrent
24 | 种子链接常以以下形式开头(注:分享者可能会省略这部分,请自己补全后使用)
25 | `magnet:?xt=urn:btih:`
26 | `ed2k://`
27 | 特别地:迅雷链接、快车链接等不是种子链接
28 | 可以转换为其他形式链接进行使用
29 | 在线转换工具 :[https://tool.lu/urlconvert/](https://tool.lu/urlconvert/)
30 | 示例:
31 | 
32 | 
33 |
34 | ### 下载方式
35 |
36 | - 使用下载器:常见有IDM,uTorrent,qBittorrent,比特彗星等,见[参考链接](#参考)
37 |
38 | - 在线方式:
39 | 各大网盘的离线下载(违规资源不建议使用)
40 | 微云,百度盘,夸克盘等
41 |
42 | ### 资源获取
43 | 1. 使用适合的关键词进行常规搜索。bing,百度,谷歌等
44 | 2. 种子搜索引擎。如[Torrent-finder](https://www.aiosearch.com)|[torrentkitty](https://www.torrentkitty.tv/search/)等,见[参考链接](#参考)
45 | 3. 其他论坛或社区。这里不做推荐
46 | 4. pt下载站(进阶选择,基本是会员制,有考核要求)
47 | 5. 待补充
48 |
49 | ## 了解一些规则
50 | bt下载网络是由人驱动的,人人为我,我为人人
51 |
52 | 希望屏幕前的你能在bt的路上越走越远
53 |
54 | 如果发现下载的TB没有任何速度`0 KM/s`那么该TB已经生效了
55 |
56 | ## 参考
57 | - [百度百科](https://baike.baidu.com/item/bt/8274326)
58 | - [BT 下载、磁力链接、电驴 ?—— 老司机需要了解的常用下载方式_简书](https://www.jianshu.com/p/72b7a64e5be1)
59 | - [种子下载器推荐_知乎](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/263662087)
60 | - [种子搜索引擎推荐_微博](https://card.weibo.com/article/m/show/id/2309404378747447939659)
61 |
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/chap2/antivirus.md:
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1 | # 我需要杀毒软件吗
2 |
3 | 对于本文的大部分读者来说,答案是显而易见的:**需要**
4 |
5 | 尽管在2023年计算机病毒已经很少见到,但是一款杀毒软件依然是必须的。因为它不仅仅能够帮助你防护病毒软件,也能够帮助你防护流氓软件(广告弹窗,恶意推广)等。
6 |
7 | ## 我应该选择哪一款杀毒软件
8 |
9 | 不推荐系统自带的 `Windows 安全中心`,因为它容易误报文件,并且有些功能非常鸡肋且耗费资源
10 |
11 | 杀毒软件最多只需要安装一款即可,不需要安装多款。以下是我用过的安全软件和大致介绍
12 |
13 | 1. 火绒安全
14 |
15 | 火绒安全的最大特点是十分纯净,甚至默认情况也不会有开机速度提示,在大部分情况下你都可以忘记他的存在。它还具有可高度自定义的主动防御以及一些专业工具,适合对计算机熟悉的用户使用。但是火绒在病毒查杀等方面弱于360,腾讯电脑管家等软件。
16 |
17 | 2. 360安全卫士
18 |
19 | 无论360在网络上有多少争议,不可否认的是360在国内杀毒软件中属于第一梯队;他的病毒查杀能力十分优秀,但是弹窗提示和诱导安装其他软件的现象也是比较多的。使用360时可以在设置内关闭不需要的弹窗和功能,同时也需要注意在主菜单内使用功能时可能会安装上的各种软件。
20 |
21 | 3. 腾讯电脑管家
22 |
23 | 同以上360
24 |
25 | ## 我需要如何配置杀毒软件
26 |
27 | 无论你使用上面的哪一个杀毒软件,强烈建议你将`捆绑安装拦截`,`弹窗拦截`等功能打开。(不同软件叫法可能也都不一样,请自行配置)
28 |
29 | 同时可以在设置内关闭不需要的弹窗和功能。一般来说保留上面的两个功能和`主动防御`打开就可以,别的功能几乎不需要。
30 |
31 | 对于垃圾清理,可以每隔一段时间清理一次,想起来的时候清理即可。
32 |
33 | 对于`全盘扫描`和`电脑体检`,其实很多时候是不需要使用这两个功能的,因为主动防御已经能够在病毒运行前进行拦截。
34 |
35 | 如果你正在使用360和腾讯电脑管家,这两个软件可能会接管系统自动升级,如果你需要自动升级可以在设置内将系统自动升级控制权交回设置页面。
36 |
37 |
38 | ps:以上个人免费软件是通过广告进行盈利,但是可能会影响个人用户正常使用,用户可以在 **设置** 降低广告频率
39 | ***
40 | ## 那么Windows防火墙呢
41 |
42 | 也许大部分读者根本不清楚防火墙究竟对什么起作用;Windows防火墙的一个典型应用是:控制网络上的其他人是否可以访问你的计算机。
43 |
44 | 但在国内大部分家庭宽带并不具有公网IP地址,也就是说网络上的其他人根本就无法通过常规方式访问你的计算机。然而随着IPV6的普及,很多家庭宽带都会为每一台连入家庭网络的设备分配IPV6地址。这时候防火墙就是非常重要的安全保障了。
45 |
46 | 但是请注意,上面的访问并不是说你关闭了防火墙就等于别人可以完全控制你的电脑。
47 |
48 | 综上,我建议保持防火墙开启,更多内容在第三节。
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/chap2/browser_choose.md:
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1 | # 浏览器的选择
2 |
3 | 把这一节内容放在最前面是因为一个好用的浏览器确实对于经常使用网络的用户非常重要。
4 |
5 | 个人认为一个好用的浏览器至少应该是下面的样子:
6 |
7 | * 界面简洁,加载速度快
8 | * 与现代Web技术兼容,不会遇到有网站显示错误的问题
9 | * 拥有强大的扩展系统
10 | * 不会主动干扰用户的浏览体验
11 |
12 | 如果你还在使用`xx安全浏览器`,`xx极速浏览器`或者`双核浏览器`等浏览器,我建议你卸载他们。
13 | 虽然这些浏览器并不会对你的上网有任何实质上的影响(~~不过有可能会造成广告增多等情况~~),但是我更推荐下面几个浏览器。
14 |
15 | ## 下载浏览器
16 |
17 | *以下推荐的浏览器的排序顺序均不代表作者推荐程度*
18 |
19 | ### Microsoft Edge
20 |
21 | 
22 |
23 | 如果你的电脑系统是较新的 win10 或者新笔记本预装的 win11 系统,则这个浏览器应该会直接内置在桌面上,没有找到可以去开始菜单查找(点击windows图标打开)
24 |
25 | [Microsoft Edge 下载地址](https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/edge)
26 |
27 | ### Chrome(谷歌浏览器)
28 |
29 | 如果你知道如何科学上网并且需求高质量的搜索结果非常推荐你使用 chrome。
30 |
31 | 因为如果不会科学上网的话有很多功能不能使用,造成体验不佳(例如同步数据不能使用)
32 |
33 | [Chrome 下载地址](https://www.google.com/chrome/)
34 |
35 | ### 百分浏览器
36 |
37 | 如果你无法下载上面的 Edge 可以试试这个。它是 Chromium 内核的一个分支版本,类似 Chrome 但是有一些额外的小功能。
38 |
39 | 适合国人的使用习惯,集成了一些常用的功能(例如鼠标手势、小号新标签、滚动标签栏等)
40 |
41 | [百分浏览器 下载地址](https://www.centbrowser.cn/)
42 |
43 | ### Firefox(火狐浏览器)
44 |
45 | Firefox 是由 mozilla 推出的一款注重用户隐私与安全的浏览器,它完全开源,同时被集成在了很多 Linux 发行版中作为默认浏览器,你可以在下面的地址下载它:
46 |
47 | [Firefox 下载地址](https://www.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/)
48 |
49 | > 警告\
50 | > 请不要在此网站下载国内定制版火狐浏览器 ~~`https://www.firefox.com.cn/`~~ 它集成了非常多的广告,请在搜索时注意网页域名是否属于 **mozilla**。\
51 | > 如果你不确定自己已经下载的 Firefox 是否是国内定制的火狐浏览器,请卸载并在 Firefox 官方网站重新下载安装。~~一般地,看看有没有广告就很容易发现了。~~
52 |
53 | 另外如果你对网页开发感兴趣,**Firefox 开发者版**有一些额外的功能可以帮助你开发。
54 |
55 | [Firefox 开发者版 下载地址](https://www.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/developer/)
56 |
57 | ### min browser
58 |
59 | 一款非常小巧的浏览器,功能简单且纯粹,没有任何乱七八糟的内容,如果你有电子洁癖的话非常推荐。顺带一提,这是一款开源的浏览器。
60 |
61 | [min browser 下载地址](https://minbrowser.org/)
62 |
63 | # 配置浏览器
64 |
65 | 大部分设置都在`右上角菜单 > 设置`里,你也可以在设置页面搜索你想要调整的内容。下面是几个常用的设置,不同浏览器的对于设置项目描述可能不同,请自行调整
66 |
67 | ## 地址栏搜索引擎
68 |
69 | 
70 |
71 | 推荐`必应(Bing)`或者是`百度`
72 |
73 | *如果你会使用科学上网,那么首选`google(谷歌)`*
74 |
75 | ## 下载
76 |
77 | 如果你的`C盘`很小,那你可能希望把文件下载到别的位置(因为默认位置有可能是`下载`文件夹)。你可以在`设置 > 下载内容 > 位置`里选择你想保存文件的路径
78 |
79 | >**养成使用英语名称新建文件夹的习惯**
80 | >- 有可能文件运行因为路径包含中文报错
81 |
82 | ## 新标签页
83 | 
84 | 在设置中有可能叫`新标签页`,你可以在其中自定义网址,这样每次打开新的标签页就会默认访问自定义网址
85 |
86 | ## 主页
87 | 
88 | 如果你还是习惯于有一个主页来开始上网,那你可以在设置里手动指定主页。一般叫做`启动时打开页面`
89 |
90 | 请不要学笔者把主页设置成这种网址,~~除非你想享受广告干扰~~
91 |
92 | # 参考资料
93 |
94 | [Edge技巧](https://microsoftedgetips.microsoft.com/zh-cn/)
95 |
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/chap2/browser_plugins_recommend.md:
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1 | # 浏览器插件推荐
2 | 由于越纯净的浏览器携带的功能越精简,你可能需要一些浏览器本不携带的功能,请考虑安装浏览器插件(或者叫`浏览器扩展`)
3 |
4 | ## 浏览器插件
5 |
6 | 谷歌有官方的插件[商店](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/extensions),你可以从中安装你想使用的插件(但是要科学上网才可以访问)
7 |
8 | 推荐列表给出的链接是 google 官方插件网站,你也可以直接 google 某些插件的官方网站来安装插件
9 |
10 | ## 离线安装方法
11 |
12 | 如果你能直接从 google 插件商店安装插件请跳过此节
13 |
14 | 一般情况下,你会有插件的两种存在方式之一即可安装到浏览器中
15 |
16 | 以 google 系浏览器为例,访问网址`chrome://extensions/`你就可以打开扩展管理页面,依照图片方法拖拽`ctx`后缀的文件至空白处就会提示你是否安装插件,点击添加扩展程序即可安装
17 |
18 | 
19 |
20 | ### 浏览器插件推荐
21 | * [Adblock Plus](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/adblock-plus-free-ad-bloc/cfhdojbkjhnklbpkdaibdccddilifddb) : 用于广告拦截
22 | * [uBlock Origin](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-origin/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm) : 用于广告拦截(建议配合)
23 | * [Infinity 新标签页 (Pro)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/infinity-new-tab-pro/nnnkddnnlpamobajfibfdgfnbcnkgngh) : 用于更改原版浏览器标签页的样式,自定义标签页和主页
24 | * [Tampermonkey(油猴)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/tampermonkey/dhdgffkkebhmkfjojejmpbldmpobfkfo) : 加载脚本的插件,稍后会详细介绍
25 | * [划词翻译](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/%E5%88%92%E8%AF%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/ikhdkkncnoglghljlkmcimlnlhkeamad) : 如其名
26 |
27 | ## 油猴插件
28 |
29 | 什么是油猴插件?
30 |
31 | Tampermonkey(中文俗称油猴,官方译名窜改猴),是一款浏览器上的扩展
32 |
33 | 用户可以通过Tampermonkey添加和使用脚本,而脚本是一种可以修改网页JavaScript的程序
34 |
35 | 简而言之就是你可以在油猴插件中添加一些由用户编写的脚本,以实现对某些网站的特点功能的实现
36 |
37 | ## 安装方法
38 |
39 | 首先点击油猴插件的图标,会打开下图界面,点击`获取新脚本`
40 |
41 | 
42 |
43 | 油猴推荐了一些使用人数较多的脚本提供网站,当然你也可以自己找国内的,这里使用 Greasy Fork 进行演示
44 |
45 | 
46 |
47 | 搜索你想要添加的脚本功能,检索脚本
48 |
49 | 
50 | 
51 |
52 | 点击安装后 Tampermonkey 会弹出页面询问是否添加脚本,点击是即可添加插件到 Tampermonkey 中
53 |
54 | ### 插件推荐
55 | * [CSDN 优化](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/378351-%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0-csdn%E5%B9%BF%E5%91%8A%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4-%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96-%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%86%8D%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E4%BA%86-%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E4%BB%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%83%8A%E5%96%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%AD%E6%96%B0csdn) : 清理csdn的广告、破解登录才能复制的功能
56 | * [Bilibili-Evolved](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/the1812/Bilibili-Evolved/master/dist/bilibili-evolved.user.js) : 一款优化 bilibili 网页版的脚本
57 | * [搜索引擎优化](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/14178-ac-baidu-%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%97%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BF%85%E5%BA%94%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2-favicon-%E5%8F%8C%E5%88%97) : 用于优化搜索引擎搜索结果
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/chap2/search_engine.md:
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1 | # 引入
2 |
3 | 前一页介绍的浏览器界面都非常简洁,大部分上网操作都是从`地址栏`开始的。
4 | 
5 | * 最左边是`后退`按钮。有的人只知道按标签页的 `X` 来后退页面(其实是关闭了当前的标签页)
6 | * 第二个`->`或` 前进`按钮是当你点击几次后退之后,发现后退太多之后想返回的按钮
7 | * 中间是地址栏(用于输入网址-URL),你只需输入目标网址的url(由协议、域名、路径等组成)就可以访问到该网站。
8 | * 其中地址栏中高亮的白色内容是该网站的域名,前面对应的https指的是该网站的协议,后面指的是当前页面在该网站的路径
9 |
10 | ## 域名
11 | 
12 |
13 | 域名的作用是用于区分是否是你想搜索的网站和仿制网站
14 |
15 | 如上图你可以看到只有**最后一个网站**才是我们想找的**真正**网站而不是广告或者诈骗网站
16 |
17 | 但是这种判别方式的前提是你知道网站的官网是什么
18 |
19 | 如果你的搜索引擎(如某度)找不到域名或难以辨别,那请更换搜索引擎 ~~,这种搜索引擎能搜出来什么优质内容~~
20 |
21 | ### 如何直接使用网址访问网页
22 |
23 | 假设路由器的地址为`http://192.168.2.1/` ,而你想登录路由器后台,你进行了以下的操作
24 |
25 | 
26 |
27 | 
28 |
29 | 请注意以上两张图的细微区别,其中图一使用的是网址直接访问,而图二使用的是搜索引擎查找网页
30 |
31 | 他们两的不同在于:图二实际上并没有访问`192.168.2.1`的网址而是在互联网上搜索这个文字,不可能跳转到你想访问的网址。所以正确的操作是图一
32 |
33 | # 为什么需要搜索引擎?搜索引擎如何使用?
34 |
35 | 由于在浏览器中直接输入目标网址不太现实 ~~除非你能记住每个网站的网址~~ ,所以我们需要一个东西来帮助我们抵达目标网站 ,这个东西就是搜索引擎
36 |
37 | 如何使用搜索引擎?这个问题看似十分简单,但是对于很多拿起手机就只使用微博,BiliBili或抖音的人来说并没有那样简单。
38 |
39 | 本章节将会教你在搜索引擎上找到你真正需要的东西;包括软件,信息,教程和娱乐相关的内容
40 |
41 | ## 我该使用什么搜索引擎
42 |
43 | 一般情况下,我个人建议使用Bing或Google。使用Bing国际版搜索英文内容,国内版搜索中文内容。
44 |
45 | *请不要使用例如360搜索、搜狗搜索等搜索引擎,不仅大概率搜不到正确的信息而且充斥着很多广告等*
46 |
47 | ## 软件的搜索和下载
48 |
49 | 将软件放在最前是因为我们在使用搜索引擎时多半都是需要下载软件。
50 |
51 | 可以简单按照下面的方式来搜索:
52 |
53 | * 对于常规的软件,直接搜索官网下载即可;如果无法访问官网或者是无法下载可以使用下载站,但是一定要找到真实的下载链接(可以通过上面介绍的域名来判断是否为官网)
54 | * 对于需要破解的软件,通常下载站都会提供破解版下载链接,或者在某些论坛都会提供。
55 | * 对于从上面都找不到的软件,或者是被国内版权保护商代理的软件。如果你能使用学校邮箱可以使用学校邮箱尝试申请学生授权。
56 |
57 | 细心的用户可能会发现Win10系统内自带一个应用商店,但是我在一般情况下不推荐从里面下载软件。~~虽然里面也有一些值得使用的优秀软件~~
58 |
59 | 下面为大家演示
60 |
61 | ## 常规软件的搜索和下载
62 |
63 | 如果你要下载QQ,在搜索引擎搜索`QQ`会得到下面的结果
64 |
65 | 
66 |
67 | 请问,你应该选择哪一个?
68 |
69 | * 如果你选择`1`,恭喜你找到了正确的下载方式
70 | * 如果你选择`2`,说明你可能不太熟悉国内互联网
71 |
72 | **请注意:**
73 |
74 | * 大多数情况下搜索软件百度将会在第一页内显示`官网`字样,这样的结果通常是没有问题的
75 | * 通常情况下`安全下载`,`高速下载`等字样的链接会在你的电脑上安装捆绑软件
76 | * 如果你选择从官网下载软件,请不要被`最新版`,`官方版`等描述所迷惑,因为你在官网下载的软件通常是最新的官方版
77 | * 有时候排名第一的不一定的官网,需要仔细鉴别广告
78 |
79 | 下面是Bing的搜索结果,没有官网字样
80 |
81 | 
82 |
83 | ## 通过下载站下载软件
84 |
85 | 首先要学会识别什么是下载站
86 |
87 | 在百度搜索`FastCopy`
88 |
89 | 
90 |
91 | 红框内的内容通常是网站的标题,如果你看到标题类似图上那样的链接就是下载站。
92 |
93 | 当你打开下载站的时候,你需要从下载站主页找到真正的软件下载链接。~~近几年情况已有所好转~~
94 |
95 | 
96 |
97 | 上图的红框部分是你需要选择的地方。根据上面的规则,请**不要点击**安全下载。点击下载链接或本地下载会跳转到下载链接界面。
98 |
99 | 通常下载站会给出多个链接,但是其实都是一样的,依然是根据上面的规则选择`本地下载`。可能不同下载站的规则不同,但是带有`本地下载`,`xx电信/联通/移动下载`的链接有更大可能性不会下载到捆绑下载器。
100 |
101 | 下载完成后,你需要检查文件名称:
102 |
103 | * 一般情况下下载站给出的下载文件都是压缩文件`.zip .rar .7z`
104 | * 如果你看到有规律的中文文件名,并为`.exe`结尾,你需要小心这个文件可能是捆绑下载器
105 |
106 | 为什么要当心捆绑下载器: [破坏力堪比勒索病毒!P2P高速下载器才是世界上最恶心的电脑病毒!](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV15X4y1T73S)
107 |
108 | 如果你要下载的东西找不到破解版,你可以到[懒得勤快](https://masuit.com/)看看
109 |
110 | ## 通过论坛下载
111 |
112 | 很多破解版的软件需要通过论坛找到。因为不是每一个论坛都相同所以这里不给出详细的演示了。
113 |
114 | 我个人经常去下载软件的论坛是`52破解`,如果你要尝试在这个论坛找你想要的东西可以在搜索引擎搜索`52破解 你想要的东西`。通常软件都会被发布在`『精品软件区』`。但也有可能会在其他分区。
115 |
116 | 一般来说下载链接都是网盘,如果是百度网盘你可能需要自行想办法高速下载。
117 |
118 | ## 通过BT下载
119 |
120 | BT和上面的下载方式的最大区别是他是去中心化的,每个下载资源的人同时也将下载好的部分传给需要的人。
121 |
122 | BT下载必须要安装一个下载器,这里推荐`qBittorrent`。我个人不推荐迅雷,原因如下:
123 |
124 | * 在部分情况下迅雷确实能得到较快的下载速度,但是迅雷从不将自己下载好的部分传给别人,这对于整个网络的生态是不好的
125 | * 迅雷软件的界面有较多广告,资源占用也比上面的`qBittorrent`高
126 | * 大部分私有BT站只允许指定的客户端,迅雷不在允许范围内
127 |
128 | 这里仅仅介绍常用寻找BT资源的网站,关于BT的更多内容请看另一节。
129 |
130 | 我个人推荐[TorLook](https://gw1.torlook.info/),这是一个国外的BT网站聚合搜索引擎,涵盖软件,电影,音乐等各种内容,使用这个网站搜索资源时请尽可能使用英文搜索。
131 |
132 | 
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/chap3/file_attributes.md:
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1 | # 文件的组成
2 |
3 | 以`C:\Windows\notepad.exe` 为例
4 |
5 | 文件应具有自己的属性,常见属性可以包括:
6 | * 文件名 : notepad
7 | * 文件类型 : exe
8 | * 文件大小 : 196 KB
9 | * 文件的路径 : C:\Windows\notepad.exe
10 | * 建立时间 : 2020年1月1日 10:00:00
11 | * 修改日期 : 最近一次修改文件的日期
12 | * ...
13 |
14 | ## 文件类型
15 |
16 | 一个文件是什么类型的文件主要可以通过文件的扩展名来表示(但是不一定完全是)
17 |
18 | ### 扩展名
19 |
20 | 以 win10 为例我们可以勾选`查看 > 文件扩展名`来显示文件的扩展名
21 |
22 | 
23 |
24 | 值得注意是的扩展名的大小写并不影响表的的类型 所以`.TXT` 和 `.txt` 是等价的
25 |
26 | 常见的扩展名有:
27 |
28 | | 扩展名 | 说明 | 打开方式 |
29 | |--------------------------|-------------------|-------------------------------|
30 | | .txt | 无格式的文本文件 | 记事本 |
31 | | .html;.htm;.shtml;.xhtml | 带超文本格式的文本文件(网页) | 浏览器(显示),记事本等文本编辑工具可以编辑 |
32 | | .doc;.docx | Word文档 | Word、金山WPS Office |
33 | | .ppt;.pptx | PowerPoint演示文稿 | PowerPoint、金山WPS Office |
34 | | .pdf | 电子书格式 | Adobe Reader、Microsoft Edge |
35 | | .bmp | Windows位图文件 | 几乎所有图片查看器、画图 |
36 | | .jpg;.jpeg | 有损图像压缩格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 |
37 | | .png | 有损图像压缩格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 |
38 | | .gif | 动图格式 | 几乎所有图片查看器 |
39 | | .ico | Windows图标 | 几乎所有图片查看器 |
40 | | .psd | Adobe Photoshop格式 | Adobe Photoshop、ACDSee、XnView |
41 | | .exe | 可执行文件 | 双击 |
42 | | .rar | 压缩文档 | 几乎所有解压缩软件 |
43 | | .zip | 压缩文档 | 几乎所有解压缩软件 |
44 | | .mp4 | 视频文件 | 几乎所有视频播放器 |
45 |
46 | ### 扩展名与文件类型并不是100%对应的
47 |
48 | 你可以尝试把一个 `.txt` 后缀的文本文件重命名为 `.exe` 后缀,但是当你双击尝试打开时会发现并不能运行
49 |
50 | 但是文件本身还是一个**文本文件**,而不是一个可执行文件,所以后缀名(扩展名)并不能100%表示文件的类型
51 |
52 | # 参考
53 | 电脑文件 : https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6/21421152
54 |
55 | 文件格式列表 : https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8
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/chap3/screenshot_ways.md:
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1 | # 关于截图
2 |
3 | 比较常用的两种截图方式
4 |
5 | ## QQ截图
6 |
7 | 默认截图方法是 `ctrl + alt +a`
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 | ## 微信截图
12 |
13 | 按下键盘上的`Alt + A`就可以实现微信截图
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 | ## windows自带截图
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | ### 全屏截图
22 |
23 | windows的默认全屏截图是键盘上的`PrtSc`这个按键,按下这个键,然后再去QQ群或者聊天框里粘贴,就能看到全屏截图
24 |
25 | ### 可框选的活动截图
26 |
27 | `Win+Shift+S`
28 |
29 | 效果如下图
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 | 
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
39 | # 我推荐的
40 |
41 | > 上面的方法,qq和微信需要打开软件才能用,而windows的自带截屏,是有延迟的,如果你想抓拍某个界面,那是没办法用的
42 | >
43 | >
44 |
45 | 这时候我就要推荐一下**Snipaste**这个截图软件了
46 |
47 | 官网:[Snipaste 下载](https://zh.snipaste.com/download.html)
48 |
49 | 图:
50 |
51 | 
52 |
53 |
54 |
55 | 至于它有多好用,大家可以去看少数派的这篇文章
56 |
57 | [Windows 上最好的免费截图标注工具:Snipaste - 少数派 (sspai.com)](https://sspai.com/post/34962)
58 |
59 |
60 |
61 |
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/chap3/unzip.md:
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1 | # 压缩包是什么
2 |
3 | 常见的例子是ZIP、RAR文件格式,此格式不仅仅提供压缩功能,还可作为归档工具(Archiver),能够将许多文件存储到同一个文件中。
4 |
5 | 压缩包的作用是将文件(或者很多文件)进行打包并且通过压缩算法将文件内重复的部分进行压缩,使之占用空间减少
6 |
7 | 别的用途如:实现对文件的压缩保密保护
8 |
9 | ## 常见的压缩包格式
10 | * 无损压缩 : rar, zip, 7z, TAR, GZ, JAR, ISO 等
11 | * 有损压缩 : 平时常见的jpg,rmvb等格式的音视频文件也属于压缩文件
12 |
13 | ### 有损压缩与无损压缩
14 |
15 | 无损压缩后,信息可以被完美还原。比如rar,zip
16 |
17 | 有损压缩后,信息无法被完美还原。比如jpg,rm,mp3等,其基本原理就是去除一些人类不敏感的信息,再进行压缩。
18 |
19 | ## 常见的解压缩软件
20 | * bandizip
21 | * 7-zip
22 | * winrar
23 | * win10自带的压缩包解压(仅限zip格式)
24 | * 360压缩
25 |
26 | 由于`.rar`格式的压缩格式是有专利保护的,所以有很多解压缩软件只能解压rar格式而不能压缩为rar格式
27 |
28 | # 参考
29 | 压缩包 : https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E5%8C%85/5373066
30 |
31 | 无损压缩和有损压缩的区别? : https://www.zhihu.com/question/267956200
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/chap3/windows_disk.md:
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1 | # windows硬盘分区
2 |
3 | ## 开始:进入磁盘管理
4 |
5 | 在计算机右键->管理(图一)->磁盘管理(图二)
6 |
7 | win11 shift+鼠标右键可调出传统管理
8 |
9 | 
10 |
11 | 
12 |
13 | ## 压缩卷
14 |
15 | 一般用于C盘大小不足时,压缩D盘空间,把那部分空间和C盘合并
16 |
17 | [Windows如何对硬盘进行分区? - 知乎 (zhihu.com)](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/134176556)
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | ## 加硬盘后分区
22 |
23 | [新加装的硬盘如何分区?硬盘分区教程 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/73456495)
24 |
25 |
26 |
27 | ## 第三方分区工具
28 |
29 | diskgenius
30 |
31 | 使用详情见官方教程
32 |
33 | [软件帮助 - DiskGenius](https://www.diskgenius.cn/help/)
34 |
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/chap4/XMP.md:
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1 | # XMP
2 |
3 | ## 什么是XMP
4 |
5 | 说得通俗简单一些就是XMP就是官方超频,开启之后频率更高,内存读写更快。
6 |
7 | 也就是说,XMP她能提升你电脑的性能,让她运行的更快。
8 |
9 | ## 如何打开XMP
10 |
11 | 由于各个品牌对XMP的描述不一致,所以我们需要使用第一章学习到的知识,搜索如何开启XMP。
12 |
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/readme.md:
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1 | > ⚠️ 本项目目前已缺乏维护,内容可能不再更新。推荐大家参考 [AcWiKi](https://github.com/Ac-Wiki/AcWiKi) 项目,获取更全面和持续更新的计算机与互联网自学资料。
2 | # SurfingTutorial
3 |
4 | 本教程是给新大学生的网上冲浪和计算机使用教程。
5 |
6 | 主要面向的是在上大学之前接触计算机较少的计算机专业同学,目的是让他们能在网络上顺利自学之后的计算机编程语言和相关内容。
7 |
8 | 本文假设你已经会使用手机,并且已经会在常见的网站(BiliBili、百度)上搜索视频教程观看。
9 |
10 | ## 为什么要写这篇教程
11 |
12 | 现在网络上的教程有非常简单的(电脑下载软件,听音乐教程),有非常复杂的教程(纯文字的专业文章),但是这些教程并不能为之前很少接触计算机专业的新生提供非常好的帮助。本文致力于解决这个问题。
13 |
14 | 同时本文的目的也不是要成为完全手动编写的教程,只要能够帮助到需要帮助的用户,就算是合理引用别人的文章也是可以的。
15 |
16 | 本文也不是完全详细的教程文档,目的更多在于让新人知道一些计算机专业用户的常识性经验和概念,更详细的概念解释和知识网络上有很多,这部分内容可以让新人自行通过搜索引擎或下面的参考资料查看。
17 |
18 | *本教程仍在更新中,由于我的时间不是很多可能更新较慢*
19 |
20 | ## 目录
21 |
22 | 本教程每一篇文章都会附上引用链接,由于个人时间和篇幅关系本文只会用最简单的语言描述你需要知道的。如需知道更多请看参考链接的内容
23 |
24 | **参考链接的内容仅供参考,不代表个人意见,请自行判断准确性**
25 |
26 | **可能会按照知识的顺序来编写,有些内容可能在前置章节已经介绍**
27 |
28 | ---
29 |
30 | ### 电脑的选购 与 安装
31 |
32 | 关于这个问题在BiliBili上已经有很多作者制作了大量视频,请直接在B站搜索“电脑选购”
33 |
34 | * [内存和硬盘的区别](chap1/ram_disk.md)
35 | * [装机教程(视频教程)](https://www.bilibili.com/video/av818609247/)
36 |
37 | ### 网上冲浪
38 |
39 | 由于中国互联网上的信息质量参差不齐,因此需要学习从大量劣质信息中得到想要的信息
40 |
41 | * [浏览器的选择和基本设置](chap2/browser_choose.md)
42 | * [搜索引擎的使用和软件的下载](chap2/search_engine.md)
43 | * [浏览器的插件推荐](chap2/browser_plugins_recommend.md)
44 | * [我需要杀毒软件吗](chap2/antivirus.md)
45 | * [使用BT](chap2/To_be_BT_master.md)
46 | * 开发者工具的一些简单操作
47 |
48 | ### Windows操作系统的使用
49 |
50 | 由于面向的是计算机专业的学生,因此会添加Windows一些进阶功能的使用(例如控制面板的一些功能和Shell)
51 |
52 | * [截图的N种方式](chap3/screenshot_ways.md)
53 | * [文件的属性](chap3/file_attributes.md)
54 | * [压缩包](chap3/unzip.md)
55 | * Windows网络设置
56 | * 环境变量
57 | * CMD和PowerShell
58 | * 用户和锁屏密码
59 | * 文件搜索
60 | * 压缩软件
61 | * [硬盘的分区](chap3/windows_disk.md)
62 | * 管理硬盘空间
63 | * 软件卸载
64 | * 清理C盘
65 |
66 | ### 编程语言的学习
67 |
68 | 可以从Python或c语言开始学习,可以在BiliBili搜索视频教程开始学习
69 |
70 | 看完了上面的内容之后你应该能够独立通过搜索来解决学习中遇到的问题了!
71 |
72 | ### 提问的艺术
73 |
74 | 虽然大多数问题我们都可以通过搜索的手段解决,但有些问题我们需要别人的帮助才能完成。
75 |
76 | 有些人不会提问,就算对方想教你也会因为你的问题描述有问题而有心无力。
77 |
78 | 下面是由 `Eric S. Raymond, Rick Moen`编写的**How To Ask Questions The Smart Way**的中文版
79 |
80 | [How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way/README.md at master · aptx4869yuyang2017/How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way (github.com)](https://github.com/aptx4869yuyang2017/How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way/blob/master/README.md)
81 |
82 | [tvvocold/How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way: How To Ask Questions The Smart Way 《提问的智慧》中文版 (github.com)](https://github.com/tvvocold/How-To-Ask-Questions-The-Smart-Way)
83 |
84 |
85 | ### BIOS(UEFI)的基本配置
86 |
87 | 这里不会介绍超频设置,各种网站上的教程比我懂。同时也不会介绍不常用的配置,很少有情况需要更改这里的配置
88 |
89 | 1. 打开虚拟化
90 | 1. [打开XMP](chap4/XMP.md)
91 |
92 |
93 | ## 其他
94 |
95 | 如果你有意见或者是建议请直接打开 issue
96 |
97 | 如果你愿意帮助本教程变得更好,欢迎pr
98 |
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