├── .gitmodules ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── models └── README.md ├── outputs ├── nist │ ├── nist02.rerank.output │ ├── nist03.rerank.output │ ├── nist04.rerank.output │ ├── nist05.rerank.output │ ├── nist06.rerank.output │ └── nist08-complete.rerank.output └── unpc │ └── test.rerank.output ├── scripts ├── bpedict.en.json ├── bpedict.zh.json ├── detokenizer.perl ├── lowercase.perl ├── normalize-zh.sed ├── recase-stdin.perl ├── recase.sh ├── sample-train-dstack-gru.sh ├── sample-train-dstack-lstm.sh ├── sample-train-dtrans-gru.sh ├── sample-train-dtrans-lstm.sh ├── segment.sh ├── subword.sh ├── translate-norerank.sh ├── translate-rerank.sh └── vars └── tools └── segmenter ├── README.md ├── ctbModel ├── lex.GB.txt └── segment.py /.gitmodules: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [submodule "tools/nematus"] 2 | path = tools/nematus 3 | url = https://github.com/EdinburghNLP/nematus.git 4 | [submodule "tools/subword-nmt"] 5 | path = tools/subword-nmt 6 | url = https://github.com/rsennrich/subword-nmt.git 7 | [submodule "tools/mosesdecoder"] 8 | path = tools/mosesdecoder 9 | url = https://github.com/moses-smt/mosesdecoder.git 10 | [submodule "tools/nbest-reranker"] 11 | path = tools/nbest-reranker 12 | url = https://github.com/nusnlp/nbest-reranker.git 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | BSD 3-Clause License 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2018, NUS Natural Language Processing Group 4 | All rights reserved. 5 | 6 | Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7 | modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 8 | 9 | * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this 10 | list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11 | 12 | * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 13 | this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 14 | and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 | 16 | * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its 17 | contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from 18 | this software without specific prior written permission. 19 | 20 | THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 21 | AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22 | IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 23 | DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24 | FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25 | DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 26 | SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER 27 | CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, 28 | OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 29 | OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Chinese-to-English Machine Translation Benchmark 2 | ================================================ 3 | 4 | Codes and pre-trained models for the Chinese-to-English machine translation benchmark. 5 | 6 | 7 | Setup 8 | ----- 9 | 10 | Fistly, clone this repository and the related submodules: 11 | 12 | ``` 13 | git clone https://github.com/nusnlp/c2e-mt-benchmark.git 14 | cd c2e-mt-benchmark 15 | git submodule update --init --recursive 16 | ``` 17 | 18 | Secondly, go to each subdirectories under `tools/*` and follow the setup/installation instructions accordingly. 19 | 20 | Finally, download and unpack the pre-trained models to the `models/` subdirectory: 21 | 22 | ``` 23 | cd models/ 24 | wget http://sterling8.d2.comp.nus.edu.sg/~christian/c2e-mt-benchmark/pretrained.tar.gz 25 | tar -xvzf pretrained.tar.gz 26 | cd .. 27 | ``` 28 | 29 | Translating Text 30 | ---------------- 31 | 32 | The input is a plain text file containing Chinese sentences, one sentence per line. The input file is passed through the following pipeline: 33 | 34 | 1. Chinese word segmentation, by running `scripts/segment.sh < input > input.seg` 35 | 2. Translation (ensure that Theano flags are set as environment variables, replace `nist` with `unpc` for models trained on UN Parallel Corpus) 36 | * without re-ranking: `scripts/translate-norerank.sh nist input.seg output [device(s)]`, where the device(s) include "gpu0", "gpu0 gpu1", or the default "cpu" 37 | * with re-ranking: `scripts/translate-rerank.sh nist input.seg output [device(s)]` 38 | 3. Recasing, by running `scripts/recase.sh < output > output.rc` 39 | 4. Detokenization, by running `perl scripts/detokenizer.perl -l en < output.rc > output.detok` 40 | 41 | 42 | Test Set Translation Outputs 43 | ---------------------------- 44 | 45 | The `outputs/` subdirectory contains the translation outputs produced by our models. 46 | 47 | Scoreboard 48 | ---------- 49 | 50 | The comparisons between the NIST test set results in BLEU achieved by our model and those achieved by prior published work are available [__here__](https://1drv.ms/x/s!AtgLdmtlqxqugTomChq7GidBY3cS). 51 | 52 | 53 | Publication 54 | ----------- 55 | 56 | If you use the pre-trained models and settings from this repository, please cite the following paper: 57 | 58 | Hadiwinoto, Christian and Ng, Hwee Tou (2018). [Upping the ante: Towards a better benchmark for Chinese-to-English machine translation](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/678.pdf). In *Proceedings of the 11th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference*. (pp. 16--23). Miyazaki, Japan. 59 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /models/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Pre-Trained Model 2 | ----------------- 3 | 4 | The pre-treined model is to be downloaded to this sub-directory, from the following URL: 5 | 6 | http://sterling8.d2.comp.nus.edu.sg/~christian/c2e-mt-benchmark/pretrained.tar.gz 7 | 8 | After successfully downloading it, un-gzip and un-tar it: 9 | 10 | ``` 11 | tar -xvzf pretrained.tar.gz 12 | ``` 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /outputs/nist/nist02.rerank.output: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | In the first two months of this year, the export of new and high-tech products in Guangdong was 3.06 billion US dollars. 2 | GUANGZHOU, March 16 (Xinhua) The latest statistics show that from January to February this year, the exports of new and high-tech products in Guangdong Province amounted to 3.36 billion U S dollars, up 34 percent over the same period last year, accounting for 25.5 percent of the province's total exports. 3 | The highlight of exports of new and high-tech products has made important contributions to the growth of Guangdong's foreign trade. 4 | Last year, the exports of high and new technology products in Guangdong Province increased by 31 percent over the same period last year, increasing by 27 percent over the same period last year. 5 | In the export of new high-tech products in Guangdong, the computer and communications technology products, with a total export of 1,9140 million US dollars last year, accounted for 85.9 percent of the total exports of new and high-tech products in the province. 6 | The major markets for the export of high-tech products in Guangdong Province are Hong Kong, the United States, the European Union and Japan. 7 | Last year, the total exports of new and high-tech industries in the Pearl River Delta amounted to US $219.90 billion, accounting for 98.7 percent of the total exports of high-tech products in the province. 8 | This is still a very prominent role this year. 9 | At present, more than 95 percent of the computers in the Pearl River Delta region can provide all computer spare parts other than CPU. 10 | FIFA will severely punish deception in soccer field 11 | BEIJING, March 17 (Xinhua) The Executive Committee of the International Football Association (FIFA), which was held in Switzerland on 16 March, will use more stringent measures to deal with soccer players in the World Cup finals. 12 | According to foreign reports, the FIFA executive committee said in a press release that they would fully support the decision to strictly enforce the law, especially against those who deceive the audience. 13 | The FIFA executive committee also announced a number of reform measures. 14 | In view of the fact that it is not possible to influence the normal conduct of the game, the International Football Federation (FIFA) stipulates that, starting from 1 July this year, the soccer players will not be able to write any language, but it must be in front of the athletes. 15 | Suicide bombing in Jerusalem 16 | JERUSALEM, March 17 (Xinhua) A man detonated a bomb on the side of a public bus in a residential area in northern Jerusalem on the afternoon of 17 March. The perpetrators were killed on the spot and nine others were slightly injured and sent to hospital for treatment. 17 | At present, the police have sealed off the blast site. 18 | Less than two hours ago, Palestinians were shot by Palestinians in the northern Israeli town of Kabul. 19 | According to the latest report, a 16-year-old Israeli girl was killed and at least 12 others were injured. 20 | The gunmen were killed by police. 21 | At present, no organization has claimed responsibility for the attack. 22 | The Israeli prime minister's office condemned the shooting incident. 23 | Prime Minister Sharon said on the same day that although Israel and Palestine are currently working on a ceasefire, Israel will react to any attack. 24 | Celebration of Hong Kong's 5th Anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China 25 | HANGZHOU, March 18 (Xinhua) this year marks the fifth anniversary of Hong Kong's reunification with China. 26 | The event is organised by the Hong Kong Wen Wei Po, the Association of Mayors of China and the Hong Kong Cultural and Cultural Services Department. 27 | In order to enhance the cultural and professional standards of the civil service, civil servants will be able to promote the integrity of the civil service and the quality of their work. 28 | The contest will highlight the festive atmosphere of the 5th anniversary of the reunification of Hong Kong and fully display the artistic charm of Chinese paintings and paintings. 29 | According to reports, the collection of works for this calligraphy and painting contest will be released on April 20, 2002. 30 | The winning entries will be published and distributed on the 5th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland. 31 | ANC opposes sanctions against Zimbabwe 32 | JOHANNESBURG, March 18 (Xinhua) The South African National Congress (ANC), the South African National Congress (ANC), today criticized the United States, Britain, and other Western countries in an attempt to force Zimbabwe to act according to the will of the Western countries. 33 | In response to threats from western countries threatening the imposition of sanctions against Zimbabwe, he said to the press: "who should be the leader of Zimbabwe, the people of Zimbabwe themselves, and cannot be decided by western countries." 34 | He pointed out that mutual respect for national sovereignty is an international norm that every country must abide by, and the ANC resolutely opposes the imposition of sanctions by western countries against a sovereign state. 35 | He said that if western countries were to impose further sanctions on Zimbabwe, it would not only be helpful but would aggravate the social unrest in Zimbabwe. 36 | He called on the government of Zimbabwe and the opposition parties to cooperate in overcoming the problems of food shortages and the land crisis. 37 | He stressed that only by strengthening unity can any attempt to split Zimbabwe be defeated. 38 | In the past, the ANC issued a statement calling on the international community to respect the choice of the Zimbabwean people and help them tide over their difficulties. 39 | Zimbabwean President Mugabe was re-elected in the presidential election from 9 to 11 March. However, Western countries accused the election of serious cheating, lack of impartiality and liberty, and therefore refused to recognize the election results and threatened to impose further sanctions on Zimbabwe. 40 | At present, some Western countries have announced the termination of economic aid to Zimbabwe. 41 | Prior to the election, the EU countries had implemented "targeted" sanctions against Zimbabwe under the pretext of the Zimbabwean government's restriction of freedom of the press and obstruction of supervision. 42 | French athletes to return to Paris 43 | PARIS, March 18 (Xinhua) French athletes who took part in the Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City in the United States today returned to Paris today. 44 | At dgaulle airport, the athletes were warmly welcomed by the Minister of Youth, Minister of Youth of France, the minister responsible for the family, children and the disabled, and the people concerned. 45 | The French team, which took part in the eighth Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City in the United States, won 19 medals at the Games. Among them, female athletes won nine medals, including a gold medal, and the male athletes won 10 medals, including a gold medal. 46 | This was the best achievement of the French delegation at the Winter Olympic Games. 47 | The French athletes, in a welcoming ceremony, said that the French athletes, with their special performance, have changed society's views on them, and the French people are grateful for their outstanding contributions in the struggle to change people's views on people with disabilities. 48 | In his speech, the minister said that the French government will, as always, continue to support sports for the disabled. 49 | Jordan's first Sunday injured on Sunday 50 | WASHINGTON, March 19 (Xinhua) Jordan, the first of its kind in the world, is expected to return on Sunday. 51 | Although he still does not want to appear in the city of Denver and Salt Lake on Wednesday and Thursday, he is likely to go to Toronto to challenge the Raptors. 52 | He said: "He may make an appearance at any time, and all this depends on his feelings. 53 | At present, the focus of his training is on defense, while at the same time practicing the basket. 54 | He plans to increase the strength slightly in order to check whether his body is able to adapt. 55 | As far as the knee was concerned, he said he was at least 100 percent better than before the surgery. " 56 | Jordan scored an average of 24.3 points in the season, and he underwent an operation three weeks ago. During this period, the team won 4: 8. 57 | At present, only 15 performances are left in the regular season. 58 | Coach Collins naturally hopes that Jordan's return will enable the team to make a qualitative leap, at least in a short period of time, in order to revive the hope of the season. 59 | Collins said, "if Jordan did not suffer from his injuries, we could win at least three more matches earlier. 60 | As far as the current situation is concerned, he is fully capable of activated the team in time. " 61 | South Korea to convey message of hope to resume talks with DPRK 62 | SEOUL, March 19 (Xinhua) The South Korean government has submitted a request to the president of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (ROK). 63 | A source from the South Korean government said that the content of the information included that both Korea and the United States hoped to resolve the issue with the DPRK through dialogue, and hoped that the DPRK would adopt a positive attitude. 64 | It is reported that Indonesian President Megawati will visit the DPRK from 28 to 30 March and visit the ROK from 30 March to 1 April. 65 | The Korean government has already conveyed this message to the Indonesian side through diplomatic channels. 66 | In regard to the report by Japan's Asahi Shimbun that Megawati would hand over his letter to Kim Chong-il, the Korean government denied it. 67 | European Central Bank official says euro zone economy to accelerate recovery within year 68 | BRUSSELS, March 20 (Xinhua) The economy of the euro zone will start to pick up again this year, the chief economist of the European Central Bank said here today. 69 | He made the remarks at a hearing held by the European Parliament in Brussels. 70 | He said, according to the latest data, the euro zone's economy has picked up slowly at the beginning of this year and is expected to accelerate in the year of economic recovery. 71 | It is estimated that the euro zone will grow at a rate of 2 to 2.5 percent this year. 72 | He said that the economic recovery in the euro zone has benefited mainly from the growth in consumer spending and the fact that the stock of commodities in the euro zone is close to a very low level. 73 | With regard to inflation, he said that the overall inflation rate in the euro zone is on the decline. At present, there is no sign that the risk of price instability will occur in the interim period of economic development. 74 | Speaking about the current world energy situation, Yi Xin said that the recent rise in world oil market prices has caused concern among economic decision makers in various countries. The impact of oil price increases on the long-term economic trend should not be underestimated. 75 | For the first time, the Hong Kong police discovered that some people were trafficking in drugs on the Internet. 76 | Hong Kong, March 21 (Xinhua) Hong Kong police recently discovered that some people use the Internet to carry out drug trafficking on the Internet. 77 | According to the Narcotics Division of the Hong Kong police force, this is the first time the Hong Kong police have discovered that it should be taken seriously. 78 | The Hong Kong police claimed that over the past year, a number of people in Hong Kong have made use of the Internet to use credit card payment to buy drugs such as ecstasy. 79 | Drug traffickers buy drugs in Thailand and then send them to drug addicts in Hong Kong. 80 | The chief superintendent of the Narcotics Bureau of the Hong Kong Police Force, Mr Stephen Ip, pointed out that a number of cases detected last year mainly used credit cards on the Internet. 81 | The Hong Kong police are working with the relevant disciplined services to crack down on this new offence. 82 | At a recent seminar on transnational organized crime held in Hong Kong, the head of the United Nations International Drug Commission pointed out that drug trafficking on the Internet would be a new challenge for law enforcement agencies in the future. 83 | The Security Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has completed the relevant consultancy work on computer crime last year and will amend the law to combat any use of computers to commit crimes. 84 | African university students urged not to allow Africa to become a marginal area in new technology 85 | ABIDJAN, March 21 (Xinhua) African young people today called on African youth to take advantage of the high technology in the field of information and communication to cope with the challenges of economic globalization. 86 | In his statement, the president of the conference said that new and high technologies have promoted the development of Asia and Europe and the United States. 87 | The advent of the new century has brought many opportunities and challenges to the African continent, and young people in Africa should strive to master new and high technologies and make their contribution to a better tomorrow for Africa. 88 | The theme of this year's forum of African institutions of higher learning is: "New technologies, information and exchanges will create more opportunities for the training of talents in Africa." 89 | During the three-day conference, experts from more than a dozen African universities and enterprises will discuss "the future of Africa and new technology", "cultural diversity and economic development", and "e-commerce will bring opportunities and prospects for Africa". 90 | A large-scale campus culture exhibition will also be held during the conference. 91 | Indonesia reiterates opposition to foreign military presence 92 | JAKARTA, March 22 (Xinhua) The Indonesian Foreign Ministry today reiterated its opposition to the presence of foreign troops in the island. 93 | The Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs reiterated this position in response to a report by "today's America" on 20 March that the United States intends to send troops to Indonesia to help combat the flight from Afghanistan. 94 | The communique says that the US government has never formally made such a request to the Indonesian government, and this can also be confirmed by the US White House and the Defense Department. 95 | Indonesia and the United States have already carried out close and useful cooperation in opposing terrorism, and the Indonesian government is willing to continue to strengthen cooperation in this regard. 96 | Ukraine Condemns US Interference in Its Internal Affairs 97 | KIEV, March 22 (Xinhua) Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma said today that there is no precedent in the U S House of Representatives to interfere in the internal affairs of the United States. 98 | On the 20th, the US House of Representatives passed a resolution on the upcoming Ukrainian parliamentary election, calling on Ukraine to guarantee the holding of transparent, free and fair elections on the 31st of this month. 99 | The resolution also pointed out that the Ukrainian government should effectively implement the new parliamentary election law, and that the results of the election should indicate whether Ukraine would continue to carry out democratic reforms. 100 | Kuchma said: "the Ukrainian nation is not a football in which people are at liberty, and the Ukrainian people should have their own dignity." 101 | During the meeting, Kuchma expressed his thanks to the president of the world Ukrainian congress, lozski, for sending a letter to the US Congress. 102 | Lozinsky said in his letter, "look at what you do. 103 | I would first study at home and then teach others. " 104 | The leader of the Ukrainian Communist Party, Simon Ip, said on the same day that the act of the United States was a gross interference in the internal affairs of Ukraine and a threat to Ukraine's national independence. 105 | He said that the unilateral evaluation of Ukraine's election campaign by the U S House of Representatives will lead to the polarization of Ukraine's political forces. 106 | The Ukrainian Foreign Ministry spokesman said on the 22nd that the election of representatives of the highest legislative organs of the state and the local legislature is purely a matter for the Ukrainian people themselves. 107 | In the final phase of the Ukrainian parliamentary election campaign, it was to be hoped that all countries would show a cautious attitude and abide by the norms of international law such as non-interference in internal affairs. 108 | Arab countries unanimously oppose US attacks on Iraq 109 | BEIJING, March 23 (Xinhua) Lebanese President Lahoud said in an interview with the newspaper today that although the Arab summit has not yet opened, they have taken a unanimous stand on the Iraq issue and opposed the US attack on Iraq. 110 | Lahoud pointed out that none of the Arab countries agreed that the United States or its allies would attack any Arab country without justification, and that the United States must understand the consequences of such attacks, regardless of the pretext or the cover of the attack. 111 | Lahoud argued that the fight against terrorism or the "axis of evil" is an attractive pretext to influence Western public opinion, but it should not engage in criminal activities under such pretexts. 112 | He also urged the United States not to engage in double standards, that is, to combat terrorism in one region, while ignoring Israel's acts of state terrorism in another region. 113 | (news) South Korean senior officials to visit North Korea in April 114 | BEIJING, March 25 (Xinhua) South Korean President Kim Dae-jung will visit the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). 115 | The spokesman said that the DPRK side hopes that the talks will "lay the foundation for the restoration of relations between the north and the south", but she did not talk about the details of the talks. 116 | She said that the situation of the talks will be announced after Lin Dongyuan came back from North Korea. 117 | At the same time, the DPRK Central News Agency also issued a brief statement on the same day, saying that the special envoy of President Kim Dae-jung will visit the DPRK. 118 | The statement said that the two sides will hold talks on the "serious situation" on the Korean Peninsula and on issues of common concern. 119 | Indonesian parliament speaker to appear in court 120 | Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 25 - according to information received here, the speaker of the Indonesian parliament, Akbar Tanjung, was tried in court on 25 May at a court in Jakarta on charges of corruption and redemption. 121 | Tanjung was accused of being responsible for the illegal diversion of $3.8 million of the Indonesian National WFP relief fund. 122 | The funds were reported to have subsequently been used to finance the 1999 election campaign of the professional group led by Danjung. 123 | The relief was originally intended for some of the poor families hit by the financial crisis, but the investigators in the case found that the funds had not been reached in the hands of the families. 124 | However, Tanjung has denied the allegations. 125 | Analysts believe that no matter what the outcome of the trial may be, this incident may weaken the hope of Tanjung's election as president of Indonesia. 126 | "forge ahead" postponed to launch due to mechanical problems 127 | WASHINGTON, March 25 (Xinhua) The launching of the space shuttle was postponed from May 6 to May 31, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said today. 128 | It is reported that the "advance" will carry seven astronauts to the international space station for 11 days of space flight. 129 | The seven people included astronauts from France and Russia. 130 | A spokesman for NASA said that the staff of the space station could use this sufficient time to remove the failure, but the postponement also meant that they would have to spend more than three weeks waiting for the United States to replace them. 131 | Philip Perry, who is from France, is the first European astronaut to fly to the space station. He will carry out two space walk at the beginning of his mission. 132 | Shell Group to invest 5 billion US dollars in China after three years of investment in China 133 | BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) The Shell group will invest a total of 5 billion U S dollars in China by 2005. 134 | At the China Development Forum held here, he said that the current investment of Shell in China has reached $1.6 billion, plus some projects that are being planned. The total investment in 2005 will reach 5 billion US dollars. 135 | It is reported that Shell is currently in talks with the Chinese side on a number of cooperative projects. 136 | Among them, the establishment of 500 gas station joint ventures in Jiangsu, in cooperation with the China Petrochemical Corporation, is expected to be launched this year. 137 | Mr Ng said that Shell's business with China has been going on for more than 100 years. 138 | As far as Shell is concerned, the great potential of the Chinese market is an important part of its global strategy. 139 | With the development of the economy, China's energy demand is expected to double by the year 2020. At that time, China's energy consumption will account for 16 percent of the world's energy consumption. 140 | China is facing a severe energy challenge, and the diversification of energy sources is very important to energy security and environmental protection. Shell will play an important role in this process. 141 | United Nations, March 26 (Xinhua) The U N Security Council delegation will visit the Democratic Republic of the Congo on April 27 as well as other African countries involved in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 142 | The spokesman said that the permanent representative of France to the United Nations, David Levitte, will be the head of the delegation and the members of the delegation will be composed of representatives from 15 members of the Council. 143 | The main purpose of the trip was to engage in a dialogue with the leaders of the parties to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to facilitate the implementation of the peace agreement signed by the parties to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, in 1999. 144 | This is the third time since May 2000 that the council has sent a delegation to the Great Lakes region of Africa. 145 | Sri Lankan government to hold peace talks with LTTE 146 | COLOMBO, March 27 (Xinhua) The Sri Lankan government announced today that it plans to hold peace talks with the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in early May, with a view to putting an end to the bloody ethnic conflict that has lasted for nearly 20 years. 147 | The Sri Lankan government and the LTTE have agreed to hold peace talks as soon as possible. The government hopes that the talks will be held in the first week of May. 148 | He said that the initial talks would mainly be prepared for entering into substantive talks. 149 | The Slovak government has not yet officially announced the venue of the talks, but there are reports that the peace talks between the two sides will be held in Thailand. 150 | He said that the government intends to hold talks with the LTTE in a country in Asia and has made relevant preparations for this. 151 | It was also reported that balingham, chief negotiator of the LTTE, who had been in exile in London for three years and returned on 25 June, and the leader of the organization, Pu Rabbani, held talks in the northern part of the country with Norway's special envoy Solheim and Norway's ambassador to Slovakia. 152 | After the talks, the LTTE agreed to resume peace talks with the government when the situation in the area under their control resumed, but still insisted that the government should lift the ban on them before the peace talks. 153 | In February this year, the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE signed a permanent ceasefire agreement, which laid the foundation for the start of talks between the two sides. 154 | China Unicom's net profit increased by nearly 38% last year 155 | Xinhua News Agency, Hong Kong, March 27 (Reporter Li Kai). China Unicom, which is listed on the Hong Kong stock market, announced here today that China Unicom has achieved good results in 2001, with a total turnover of 293.93 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 38 percent over the previous year. 156 | As one of China's integrated telecommunications operators, China Unicom will provide a wide range of telecommunications services including mobile communications, international long distance, data, Internet, and pager. 157 | China Unicom announced that last year the company's circuits for long-distance telephone and VoIP services reached 64.1 billion minutes, an increase of 5.9 percent over the previous year, and the market share increased to 7.7 percent from 1.3 percent in 2000. 158 | Yang Xianzheng, chief executive officer of China Unicom, said that this year the company will continue to accelerate the development of mobile communications business and use differentiated strategies to ensure the coordinated development of CDMA and GSM mobile communications services, thus allowing the company's mobile phone users to continue to grow significantly. 159 | China and Japan's central banks sign currency swap agreement 160 | TOKYO, March 28 (Xinhua) Dai Xianglong, governor of the People's Bank of China and president of the Bank of Japan, signed here today a bilateral currency swap agreement between the two countries. 161 | According to the agreement, the People's Bank of China and the Bank of Japan may, if necessary, provide the other side with a currency swap arrangement equivalent to US $3 billion to help maintain the stability of the financial market. 162 | The signing of the currency swap agreement between China and Japan indicates that the cooperation between the central banks of China and Japan has been further strengthened. 163 | The agreement, signed by China and Japan, is the second bilateral currency swap agreement signed by the People's Bank of China and the Bank of Thailand in December 2001. 164 | In the future, China will also sign currency swap agreements with some countries such as South Korea. 165 | Dai Xianglong said: China will actively participate in Asian financial cooperation and is willing to work with other Asian countries and regions to make contributions to regional economic, financial stability and risk prevention. 166 | Chinese Ambassador to Japan Wu Dawei attended the signing ceremony of the currency swap agreement between the People's Bank of China and the Bank of Japan. 167 | Afghan earthquake victims start rebuilding their homes 168 | KABUL, March 28 (Xinhua) earthquake victims in Baghlan province of northern Afghanistan have begun to rebuild their homes in the northern part of the country. 169 | A central team composed of the Afghan interim government, United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations found that the victims were already in the process of rebuilding their homes. Some of them also used relief supplies provided by relief agencies to the victims. 170 | She said, on the basis of this situation, the United Nations relief agencies have begun to consider the issue of helping the victims to rebuild their homes. 171 | At present, rescue organizations already have a large amount of relief supplies in the earthquake disaster areas and are being released to disaster victims through both the ground and the air. 172 | A strong earthquake occurred on 25 April in the Nailin and Balga areas of Baghlan province in Afghanistan, causing heavy casualties and tens of thousands of people homeless. 173 | Japan temporarily freezing humanitarian aid to Russia 174 | TOKYO, March 29 (Xinhua) Japan will temporarily freeze the provision of humanitarian aid to Russia, the Japanese foreign minister said today. 175 | In addition to maintaining the commission's manpower expenditure and Japan's current technical cooperation project with Russia, the Japanese government will control the financial assistance provided to Russia through the Commission until it is rectified. 176 | The move was made in response to a recent remark made by Japan's Minister of Finance, salt Sichuan. 177 | He told the cabinet members recently that in view of the continued deterioration of Japan's domestic finances, cabinet members should ensure that every sum of government funds can be put into practice. 178 | It has been learned that the commission was criticized by outsiders for failing to put pressure on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs due to improper pressure on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and that the committee was accused of dereliction of duty as well as the lack of transparency on the issue of the whereabouts of the funds. 179 | EU to hold consultations with China on interim safeguard measures for iron and steel imports 180 | BEIJING, March 29 (Xinhua) Chinese Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Shi Guangsheng said here today that the EU has decided to hold consultations with the Chinese side as soon as possible. 181 | Shi Guangsheng answered reporters' questions when attending the national conference on legal work on foreign trade and economic cooperation. 182 | He said: At present, the iron and steel trade has become increasingly intense, and its roots come from the United States. 183 | At present, all parties concerned have made accusations and requests for bilateral consultations on the "201 steel case" in the United States, and some even proposed to resolve the dispute through the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. 184 | On 27 March, after the EU decided to implement interim measures against 15 types of imported steel from various countries, the Chinese side responded in a timely manner. Shi Guangsheng immediately wrote to EU Trade Commissioner Lamy to express his deep concern and offered to hold bilateral consultations with the EU. 185 | Seven killed in train collision in Liaoning 186 | SHENYANG, March 30 (Xinhua) seven people were killed and three others were seriously injured when a train collided with a car in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, on March 29. 187 | According to a briefing given by the safety inspection office of the Shenyang Railway Office, a four-wheel agricultural vehicle collided with a train from Jinzhou to Chengde on a railway crossing between Li Jiali and Zhou jiatun in Jinzhou City. 188 | At that time, in addition to 50 bags of fertilizer and seeds, the car also carried 14 people. 189 | At the time of the collision, four people escaped from the car and were not injured. The remaining 10 were injured as a result of the collision. The railway stop was damaged and the train rolling stock was damaged to a certain extent. 190 | After the accident, the Ministry of Railways, the Shenyang Railway Office, and Jinzhou City, as well as local government leaders, have rushed to the scene to deal with the aftermath of the accident. 191 | The Council of the League of Arab States held an emergency meeting at the Arab League headquarters on the same day to discuss the Palestinian situation. 192 | The meeting was attended by representatives of 22 Arab states in the Arab League. 193 | At a press conference after the meeting, Moussa said that the escalation of Israeli military operations clearly shows that Israel rejects peace. 194 | What is happening is the continuation of the Israeli military occupation of Palestine, which will continue to resist Israeli aggression. 195 | He said: "As long as the Israeli military occupation of the Palestinian territories exists, the resistance of the Palestinian people will continue for one day as long as Israeli tanks and soldiers exist in the Palestinian territories." 196 | JERUSALEM, March 31 (Xinhua) The Israeli security cabinet today decided to step up military strikes against the Palestinian-controlled territories. 197 | On the afternoon of the same day, Prime Minister Sharon convened the core minister to discuss the current situation between Israel and Palestine and how to deal with the increasingly frequent bombing attacks on the Palestinian side. The meeting decided to step up military strikes against Pakistan. 198 | Politicians here have revealed that the security cabinet is of the view that increased crackdown on the Palestinian side can weaken the momentum of Palestinian terrorist activities, but it is impossible to put an end to such attacks. 199 | Sharon will deliver a televised address to the public on the evening of the 31st at 8: 30 local time (1: 30 April Beijing time) to explain to the public the government's position on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 200 | Cambodia, Vietnam to jointly hold trade fair 201 | PHNOM PENH, April 1 (Xinhua) A trade fair held by Cambodia and Vietnam opened here today. 202 | The exhibition was attended by 50 businessmen from Cambodia and Vietnam, and a total of 55 display booths were set up. 203 | The exhibits include motorcycles, electric appliances, agricultural tools, medicines, beverages, food, clothing, and so on. 204 | Vietnamese Ambassador to Cambodia Nguyen Tuong Van said at the opening ceremony that Vietnam and Cambodia have great potential for economic and trade development, and that trade and economic cooperation between the two countries can be further promoted through the holding of trade fairs. 205 | He said that the volume of trade between the two countries has made encouraging progress in recent years, from $169 million in 2000 to $180 million in 2001. 206 | The joint development of the two countries will help promote economic and trade relations between the two countries and promote the economic development of the ASEAN countries. 207 | Indonesia's badminton expert believes that Tao Fike's ranking is very favorable. 208 | JAKARTA, April 1 (Xinhua) The world ranking of the men's singles in the world is beneficial to the Indonesian team. 209 | He said that pottery is now in the thirty-third position, so that it can become the second or third singles, which is less than the burden of the first singles. 210 | In group competitions, the victory of the first singles can affect the subsequent competitions, at least in a psychological way, to influence their teammates and urge them to strive for victory. 211 | However, if the first singles of the Indonesian team fail, it is hoped that the second or third singles will be divided, and the final victory will be decided by the two doubles events. 212 | He believes that the possibility for the Indonesian team to defend the Thomas Cup has increased after the return to the team, because this young team is a very powerful player in the world. 213 | He believes that Clay's return has made it possible for Indonesia to defeat its opponents, including the host China. 214 | According to reports, 45 percent of the people on the badminton web site believed that the Indonesian team was able to defend the Cup. 21 percent of the people believed that the Chinese team had the hope of winning the championship while 17 percent of the people were optimistic about Malaysia. 215 | Georgia to withdraw from the Kodori Valley 216 | MOSCOW, April 2 (Xinhua) The special representative of the United Nations, Georgia, Abkhazia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) today signed a protocol on the withdrawal of Georgian troops from the Kodori Valley. 217 | According to the report, the protocol provides for the withdrawal of Georgian troops from the Kodori Valley by 10 April, while peacekeeping troops and United Nations observers resume their patrols in the area, and all parties should ensure the safety of the inhabitants of the area. 218 | The special representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations in Georgia, Bertin, believes that the protocol is a "good signal" and indicates that Georgia and Abkhazia are willing to resolve the conflict on the basis of mutual compromise. 219 | He said that the document should open the way for further dialogue. 220 | In 1992, the local Abkhaz authorities in Georgia engaged in an armed conflict with the government of Georgia as a result of their demands for independence. 221 | In October last year, there was another clash between the two sides in the Kodori Valley, where Georgia sent troops there. 222 | ANKARA, April 2 (Xinhua) The Madrid process, which formed the basis of the Middle East peace process, called for the convening of a new international conference on the Middle East. 223 | JEM said that the United States should take immediate action to put an end to the enormous suffering of the Palestinian and Israeli peoples and the killing of both sides. 224 | He also stressed that the United States must treat both Palestine and Israel equally and carry out their responsibilities. 225 | Referring to Turkey's position on the Middle East issue, he said that the Middle East was of great strategic importance to Turkey, and Turkey therefore hoped for peace and stability in the region. 226 | He also reiterated Turkey's support for the resolution recently adopted by the UN Security Council on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. 227 | The resolution urged the Palestinian and Israeli sides to cease fire and to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Ramallah and other Palestinian territories. 228 | It was also reported that Turkey had discussed the convening of an international conference on the Middle East and the views of the two countries, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan, and held consultations with the United States, Russia and the European Union. 229 | The international peace conference on the Middle East, held in the Spanish capital of Madrid in 1990, established the principle of "land for peace". 230 | Guided by this principle, the Palestinian and Israeli sides signed a declaration of principles on Palestinian Interim Self-Government in Washington in 1993. 231 | NTT Communications company blood transfusion for an Internet company 232 | TOKYO, April 3 (Xinhua) The company will continue to support the business development of an Internet company based in the United States. 233 | The spokesman said that according to their estimates, Verio would need to pay at least US $305 million this year to make up for the losses, while the NTT Communications company is willing to pay the money and plans to support Verio until it becomes a victory. 234 | According to reports, Verio, located in Colorado, is an enterprise oriented Internet service provider. Its scope of business includes high-speed Internet access, electronic commerce, private networks, and web site maintenance. 235 | The telecommunications company of Japan made a purchase of US $5.5 billion in 2000. 236 | In the past few years, Verio failed to make a profit, and the NTT Communications company has invested a total of US $21.6 billion in investment. 237 | Liberian rebel forces arrive in the capital 238 | LAGOS, April 3 (Xinhua) The Liberian military announced today that the fighting between the rebel forces and government forces in Liberia has become more and more intense. 239 | This distance was the same as that of the rebel forces in February of this year, which once hit the town in the suburbs of the capital. 240 | The town of Dodi, where the military camp is located, is the main road leading from the capital Monrovia to the neighbouring countries of c魌e d'Ivoire and Guinea. 241 | The fighting that broke out in the early hours of the 28th of last month took place in the context of a United Nations fact-finding mission to investigate the Liberian government's use of diamonds for weapons and the imposition of sanctions on Liberia. 242 | LURD has attempted to further strengthen the offensive against the Taylor government and to force President Taylor to step down. 243 | A senior military officer of the government army said that the main reason why the armed forces were engaged in military offensives was to occupy the origin of diamonds because they needed money to buy more weapons and needed money to support the current difficult economic situation. 244 | This is a war against President Taylor of Liberia, which began in 2000. 245 | United Nations, April 4 (Xinhua) The World Food Programme (WFP) is the largest humanitarian aid agency in the world, the World Food Programme (WFP) said here today. 246 | While reporting to the UN Security Council on the activities and role of this body on the same day, Bertini pointed out that the World Food Programme has provided assistance to disaster and conflict areas around the globe, saved many lives and contributed to the reconstruction of some countries, thus contributing to the stability of the situation in the conflict zone. 247 | She said that the World Food Programme (WFP) had provided US $240 million in food aid to Afghanistan last year, benefiting millions of Afghans. 248 | Bertini called on donor countries to contribute generously to enable the World Food Programme to complete its new mission of assistance to Afghanistan in 2002. 249 | He also said that the plan, which totalled $285 million, had only been raised to $70 million. 250 | Bertini also called on the United Nations system and member states to pay attention to the safety of United Nations personnel carrying out humanitarian missions and to bring to justice those who committed crimes against United Nations personnel. 251 | According to statistics, a total of 204 United Nations personnel have been killed since 1992, but only 15 have been arrested. 252 | Germany presents the wall of the Berlin Wall to the United Nations 253 | BEIJING, April 5 (Xinhua) The German government today presented the three Wall walls of the East-West Cold War to the United Nations. 254 | According to foreign reports, the height of the three walls is about 3.6 metres, with a weight of 2.8 tons and the image of a man and a woman passing through the tall wall to embrace the wall. 255 | The three walls were transported to New York in October last year to commemorate the unification of the two countries in 1990. 256 | As the United Nations garden located on the Bank of the east coast of New York has been closed since the events of 11 September, the public has not been able to visit them. 257 | UN Secretary General Kofi Annan took the opportunity to say that the end of the East-West divide shows that "peace is always possible, even in the Middle East." 258 | Thierse, president of the German Federal Assembly, told Annan that many people already had such a wall before the Berlin Wall was completed. 259 | The Berlin Wall finally became history, and it was not only Germans who benefited from it. 260 | The Spring Festival of the Bill Gates 261 | BEIJING, April 5 (Xinhua) President Bill Gates of Microsoft, who is on top of the top, was "fooled" by a Canadian radio station a few days ago. 262 | On 1 April, the staff of the cmrf-fm radio station of Quebec, Canada, made a telephone link to Bill Gates on 1 April, claiming that he was Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien, and he had an intimate conversation with him for up to 10 minutes. 263 | The topic covered the shortcomings of the world economy and the "Windows" operating system. At the same time, Bill Gates was invited to visit Quebec at an appropriate time. 264 | The radio station broadcast the sound of the interview on the evening of 2 April and repeat it at the request of a wide audience the next day. 265 | After the incident, he said that he never thought that it would be so easy to contact Bill Gates, and his assistant did not find out that it was just a "joke" of a foolish man. 266 | After learning the truth of the matter, a spokesman for Microsoft said that the station had forged part of the documents before the company was "convinced" that they were Canadian government officials, and warned that this "joke" is a bit big. 267 | It has been learned that, in the past, the radio station had also made a joke with some other celebrities, such as Mr. Charles Dickens. 268 | ANKARA, April 5 (Xinhua) Afghan interim government President Karzai today urged the multinational peacekeeping forces in Afghanistan to extend their activities to areas outside the capital city of Kabul. 269 | After concluding his two-day visit to Turkey, Karzai said to reporters at the airport that Afghans outside the capital city of Kabul regard the expansion of the activities of the peacekeeping forces as a guarantee of continued security in Afghanistan. 270 | Earlier this year, Karzai asked the UN Security Council to expand the size of the peacekeeping force and to deploy peacekeeping forces outside the capital city of Kabul. 271 | He said that to do so would be to send a signal that the international community was committed to a country ravaged by 23 years of war. 272 | Turkey has agreed in principle to take over the command of the Afghan peacekeeping force from the British. 273 | However, owing to concerns about the security situation in areas outside Kabul, Turkey was not in favour of expanding the area of activities of the peacekeeping force. 274 | The United States has indicated its support for Turkey's position. 275 | Karzai said on 5 May that Turkey's concern that its troops would be involved in the renewed turmoil in Afghanistan is redundant. 276 | He also indicated, however, that the Afghan government would accept any decision taken by the countries participating in the peacekeeping force. 277 | Another sandstorm hit north China and other places 278 | BEIJING, April 6 (Xinhua) The Central Meteorological Observatory announced here today that there will be sand and dust storms in the eastern part of the northwest region, the most part of north China and the central and southern plains of northeast China. 279 | It is forecast that some areas in the central and southern parts of Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shanxi, and the western part of Hebei Province will have sandstorms. Some parts of the region will have dust or dust storms. The temperature will drop by 6 to 12 degrees Celsius, and in some areas the temperature will drop by more than 14 degrees Celsius. 280 | On the morning of this morning, the city of Beijing was full of winds and winds, but in the afternoon the winds began to blow up, and people from outdoor activities were forced to return home one after another. 281 | Although the central meteorological station announced yesterday evening that there will be strong winds in north China and other places, it is because there has just been a spring rain and a clear and pleasant weather has attracted many residents to take advantage of the weather early in the morning. 282 | Today, Huhhot, the capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, also encountered a strong wind and a temperature drop. 283 | The sky is clear, but the sky is still very clear. 284 | Experts said that yesterday, spring rain fell all over the Inner Mongolia region. The rainfall in Hohhot city reached 33 mm, which not only greatly eased the drought situation, but also effectively curbed the storm. 285 | The total volume of China's telecommunications market will exceed 1 trillion yuan by 2005. 286 | SHANGHAI, April 6 (Xinhua) China's telecommunications market will reach 10 50 billion yuan in 2005, an increase of 2.5 times over the year 2000, according to an official from the Ministry of Information Industry. 287 | It is predicted that during the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005), the number of telephone users in China will grow at an average annual rate of about 26 percent, of which 24 percent are in the eastern region, 26 percent in the central region and 30 percent in the western region. 288 | By 2005, the number of telephone users in the country will reach 500 million, with a prevalence rate of about 40 percent. 289 | China's mobile phone users will expand to ordinary consumers and expand from simple news operations to data exchange, high-speed multimedia, and high-speed interactive multimedia businesses. 290 | The Internet business will continue to be the fastest growing business in China's telecommunications industry. The demand content will be extended from narrow to broadband business, with a wide range of mobile services developing toward high-speed interaction. Users are expanding from large and medium cities to central towns. 291 | During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth rate of China's data and multimedia Internet users will exceed 70 percent. 292 | By 2005, the number of Internet users in the country will reach 200 million. 293 | Annan will hold talks with the United States, Russia, and the EU to discuss the Middle East situation. 294 | MADRID, April 7 (Xinhua) U N Secretary General Kofi Annan will hold talks today with US Secretary of State Colin Powell, the European Union's senior representative in charge of foreign affairs and security, and Russian Foreign Minister Ivanov in the Spanish capital of Madrid. 295 | This news was disclosed by Annan during an interview with reporters at UN headquarters in New York. 296 | ABC published this special interview on the same day. 297 | Speaking on the role played by the United Nations in mediating the current Palestinian-Israeli military conflict, Annan said that the United Nations has played an active mediating role in this conflict, and the UN Security Council has successively adopted two important resolutions on resolving the conflict between Israel and Palestine. 298 | He said that on the 10th of this month, he will take the opportunity of attending the meeting in Madrid to meet with senior leaders of the United States, the European Union and Russia to discuss the grave situation in the Middle East region. 299 | It is reported that Annan will meet with Spanish Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar at the opening ceremony of the Second World Assembly on Ageing in Madrid. Powell will pay an official visit to Spain next week to renew the agreement on military cooperation between the United States and Spain. Ivanov will make a special trip to Spain to discuss bilateral relations. 300 | Computer crime caused the US to lose billions of US dollars last year. 301 | WASHINGTON, April 7 (Xinhua) The "Computer Crime and Security Survey 2001" released by the United States on 7 April has caused US companies and government departments to suffer a loss of billions of dollars last year, a significant increase from the year 2000. 302 | Computer systems in various parts of the United States have been exposed to computer virus attacks, denial of service attacks and the existence of various safety loopholes. 303 | 538 computer safety experts from enterprises, government departments and universities indicated that US companies and other organizations have to pay a high price each year for computer crimes. 304 | Although the exact amount of the loss has not yet been finalized, 35 per cent of the sectors surveyed admitted that they had suffered losses totalling more than $3.78 billion, a substantial increase from nearly $26.56 billion in 2000. 305 | The report, prepared jointly by the United States Computer Safety Association and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, did not provide an assessment of the losses suffered by individual users throughout the country. 306 | Berber is defined as the official language of Algeria. 307 | ALGIERS, April 8 (Xinhua) The Algerian parliament, at a joint meeting held here today, discussed and approved a draft constitutional amendment proposed by President Bouteflika. 308 | In his speech at the meeting, Albanian Prime Minister Ben Fris pointed out that the adoption of the draft means that the cultural diversity of the country will be determined by legal means, which will help strengthen the unity of the Albanian people. 309 | Berber is an indigenous resident of the North African region, and the number of Berber, currently residing in Algeria, accounts for about one sixth of the total population of the country. 310 | The post-independence constitution provides that the Arabic language is the only official language, but is opposed by Berber. 311 | In April of last year, a serious riot took place in the eastern part of the eastern part of the province of Berber. 312 | Over a period of more than three months, more than 60 people have died and more than 2,000 people have been injured. 313 | The local population requested that the constitution be established as an official language. 314 | On 12 March this year, in a televised address to the nation, President Bouteflika promised to meet the requirements of Berber by amending the constitution. 315 | The White House claimed that Israel's withdrawal from the two towns in the West Bank is only the beginning. 316 | WASHINGTON, April 8 (Xinhua) A U S White House spokesman said here today that the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the West Bank is only a beginning, and that all parties concerned in the Middle East should discharge their responsibilities. 317 | In this short written statement, Fleischer said, "this is a beginning. 318 | As President Bush said on 4 April, all the parties in the Middle East should fulfil their responsibilities, and the president hopes that the parties will intensify their efforts. " 319 | The Israeli army began to withdraw from Tulkarem and Qalqilya from the early morning of the 9th local time. At present, Israel has not disclosed when it will withdraw all its troops from other cities in the West Bank. 320 | In his speech to reporters on the same day, Bush reiterated that Israel must immediately withdraw its troops from the Palestinian territory, and stressed that he was "speaking". 321 | Bush said that he had told Israeli Prime Minister Sharon about the US request, and he is now waiting for Israel to withdraw immediately. 322 | Bush claims NATO must establish new relationship with Russia 323 | BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua) U S President George W. Bush said here today that NATO must establish a "more constructive new relationship" with Russia. 324 | Bush said that by establishing this kind of relationship, "we will eventually and forever eliminate the differences left over from the last era." 325 | During the meeting, Bush and Robertson discussed a series of issues, including the Iraq issue and the eastward expansion of NATO. 326 | Bush said: "NATO must develop new and flexible capabilities to meet the challenges of the 21st century. 327 | We must also absorb new members. " 328 | When interviewed by reporters after the meeting, Bush did not directly talk about Iraq. 329 | However, he said, "when we act in the fight against terrorism, we will consult closely with our allies." 330 | Robertson said that he and Bush discussed "the common threat we face in Europe and North America, including weapons of mass destruction." 331 | He said that all NATO member states will join forces to overcome these threats and will "achieve success". 332 | Mexican president and his entourage have been rejected by the Senate. 333 | Mexico City, April 9 (Xinhua) Mexican President Fox is expected to visit the United States and Canada in the middle of this month, a spokesman for the Mexican Senate said today. 334 | This is the first time in the history of this country that the Senate has rejected the president's visit plan. 335 | The spokesman said that the Senate rejected the president's visit plan with 71 votes in favour and 41 votes against it. 336 | The opposing senators were of the view that the president should devote more attention to domestic affairs and should not be enthusiastic about leaving the country. 337 | Last year, a total of 15 visits were made by President Fox. 338 | One senator said that they voted against it because one of the main purposes of President Fox's visit was to hold talks with Mexican immigrants. 339 | According to reports, after being rejected by the Senate, President Fox's visit plan will also be submitted to the House of Representatives for voting. 340 | If it is still rejected, his plan to visit Hong Kong will soon come to an end. 341 | But if it is passed, the Senate will reconsider it. 342 | President Fox was scheduled to travel to Seattle in the United States on the 15th of this month, where he met with Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and members of the Mexican immigrant community. 343 | He will then fly to Vancouver and Calgary, Canada, to hold talks with local business and academic circles for a total of three days. 344 | The track and field competition of the western Asia Games starts in full swing 345 | KUWAIT CITY, April 10 (Xinhua) more than half of the events of the western Asia Games have been held since the opening of the Asian Games. 346 | Athletes from 12 countries participating in the Games will compete for seven gold medals in the first day of the tournament. 347 | In the ball games held on the 9th, the Kuwaiti Basketball team won the championship in the Asian Games basketball competition with a slight advantage of 97: 93. 348 | The Syrian team defeated the Iranian team by 110: 92 and won third place. 349 | In a football match, if the Kuwait team wants to win the championship, it will have to win the competition with the "dark horse" Palestinian team today. 350 | The competition was described by the Kuwaiti media as a "bottleneck". 351 | The Syrian team defeated Iran with a close score of 33: 32, and will compete with the Kuwait team for a gold medal today. 352 | As of 9 March, the Kuwait team still had 19 gold medals, 18 silver medals, 12 bronze medals and 49 medals, followed by Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Jordan, followed by Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Jordan. 353 | Powell says it is very important to hold talks with Arafat. 354 | MADRID, April 10 (Xinhua) U S Secretary of State Colin Powell said here today that his meeting with Palestinian leader Arafat was "very important" during his visit to the Middle East, and he hoped that he would not encounter any difficulties in arranging talks with Arafat. 355 | Powell made the above statement after meeting with EU, Russian and UN officials. 356 | He said: "Arafat is the leader of the Palestinian people. I believe that the Palestinian people and the leaders of the Arab countries believe that he is the target of Israel's dealings." 357 | According to reports, White House spokesman Fleischer said in Washington on the same day that the Israeli side had assured the United States that Powell would be able to meet with Arafat during his visit to the Middle East. 358 | Israeli Defense Minister beneladze also told reporters on the same day in the West Bank city of Jenin that Israel would not stop Powell from holding talks with Arafat later this week. 359 | At first, Powell's visit to the Middle East did not meet with Arafat's plan. 360 | Palestinian officials have said that if Powell refuses to meet with Arafat, there will not be any Palestinian representative meeting with him. 361 | When Powell visited Morocco and Egypt, the leaders of the Arab countries also repeatedly stressed that if he did not meet Arafat, he would not be able to achieve results. 362 | Former Serbian Interior Minister attempts to commit suicide 363 | BELGRADE, April 11 (Xinhua) The former Yugoslav president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) members of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) opened fire in front of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) house on the evening of 11 April. 364 | He was rushed to the hospital and is still not out of danger. 365 | He said in his testament: "As a member of the federal parliament, I use this action to express my protest against the puppet regime. 366 | I condemn their wanton violation of the Constitution and laws of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the violation of the dignity of the state and the destruction of that country. " 367 | President Kostunica of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia issued a statement on the incident in the evening, saying that the suicide incident was a warning to the Western countries that constantly put conditions and pressure on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 368 | The Federal Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the civil society of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's cooperation with the Hague tribunal on 10 and 11 July, respectively. 369 | The act provides that those suspected of war criminals wanted by the Hague tribunal before the adoption of the law will be extradited to the tribunal in The Hague, as long as they are found on the territory of Yugoslavia. 370 | According to the act, Stoltenberg will also be extradited to The Hague. 371 | Saudi Arabia to raise funds in support of Palestine 372 | RIYADH, April 12 (Xinhua) Saudi Arabia has carried out a nationwide fund-raising campaign in support of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, from 4: 00 p.m. to 3: 00 a.m. local time on the 11th. 373 | Saudi national television has set up 30 hotlines and 15 computers to receive donations. 374 | A group of 25 people was also set up in the television station to receive people who came to raise funds. 375 | A total of 210 million rials ($56 million), as well as a substantial amount of material in kind, were collected. 376 | The King of Saudi Arabia was the first to contribute 10 million rials (US $2.87 million), Crown Prince Abdullah donated 5 million rials (US $1.74 million), and Prince al-Walid, a well-known Saudi entrepreneur, also donated 100 million rials ($26.7 million). 377 | Although it was Saudi's rest day on the 11th and 12th, with thunderstorms and rain, there was still a long queue of cars waiting to be donated on the streets in front of the television station. 378 | Employees of many companies and enterprises also donated their own day's wages. 379 | East Timor Presidential Campaign Ends 380 | JAKARTA, April 12 (Xinhua) The three week presidential election in East Timor ended here today. 381 | On the 14th, the voters will elect the first president of the country, which will be formally independent on 20 May. 382 | The candidates who took part in the presidential election were Xanana Gusmo and Shaville do Amaral. 383 | Xanana gusm\ x {7dcc} was the leader of the East Timorese independence movement, while do Amaral, who had been established in November 1975, had only a very short time, the president of the Democratic Republic of East Timor. 384 | The two candidates held an open debate in Dili on the 11th and responded to questions raised by voters. 385 | Gusmao said that after his election, he will first work to solve the country's economic problems, and do Amaral say that he will ensure the democracy of the country. 386 | Public opinion is generally of the view that there is a great possibility that Xanana Gusmo will win, because he is considered to be a hero of independence for East Timor. 387 | Under the auspices of the United Nations, a referendum was held in East Timor on 30 August 1999, and the vast majority of voters opted for independence. 388 | On 30 August last year, East Timor formally elected a Constituent Assembly, and the first constitution of the country was adopted in March this year. 389 | The new constitution will enter into force upon the formal independence of East Timor on 20 May this year, and the Constituent Assembly will soon become the first National Assembly. 390 | Foreign Ministry spokesman confirms Chinese workers killed in bombing in Jerusalem 391 | Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue confirmed here today that a Chinese worker was killed in an explosion at a public bus station in Jerusalem on the afternoon of 12 April. Two Chinese workers were injured and one Chinese worker was missing. 392 | Zhang Qiyue said: At about 4 pm on April 12, a suicide bombing occurred at a bus station in downtown Jerusalem. Six people died at the scene, injuring more than 70 people. 393 | During the explosion, one Chinese worker was killed, two Chinese workers were injured, and another Chinese worker was missing. 394 | She said that after the incident, the Chinese embassy in Israel attached great importance to the incident and immediately sent people to go to Jerusalem on the same day to identify the victims, visit the injured people, and contact the relevant parties to deal with the aftermath of the accident. 395 | The embassy has notified Chinese citizens and Chinese companies in Israel through the night that they should pay attention to safety and be cautious. 396 | She said that the Chinese government expresses its condolences over the death of Chinese citizens in the bombing and expresses its condolences to their families. 397 | The Chinese side condemns the violence against innocent civilians and strongly urges the Israeli and Palestinian sides to take concrete actions to stop the violent confrontation and to calm the situation as soon as possible, so as not to cause more innocent civilian casualties. 398 | Zhang Qiyue said: The Chinese government once again reminds Chinese citizens and people who intend to travel to the mainland to pay attention to the safety and security of their personnel. If there is an emergency, they should immediately contact the Chinese embassy in Israel. 399 | According to a report by the Egyptian Middle East News Agency, the foreign ministers of the two countries agreed in the telephone conversation that Israel should respond positively to the quadripartite joint statement issued by the United Nations, the United States, Russia, and the European Union in Spain, and immediately withdraw troops from the Palestinian territories. 400 | Maher told pike that he had a meeting with Arafat this Friday in the Pakistan-controlled city of Ramallah in the west bank of the Jordan River. 401 | Maher said that the Palestinian side is ready to work with the international community to seek ways to put an end to Israel's invasion of the Palestinian territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations. 402 | Maher and Pique agreed to continue contacts with the parties concerned with a view to finding a definitive solution to the conflict in the Middle East. 403 | Powell, who is accompanying Powell on a visit to the Middle East, said earlier on the same day that Powell had cancelled his plan to hold a meeting with Arafat on the 13th because of the explosion in the center of Jerusalem on the 12th. 404 | However, an official of the US State Department who wished to remain anonymous revealed that the meeting between Powell and Arafat might be postponed to the 14th. 405 | According to other reports, Maher also had a telephone contact with Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri on the same day. The two sides exchanged views on the latest developments in the Palestinian situation. 406 | United Arab Emirates announces responsibility for reconstruction of Jenin refugee camp in Palestine 407 | ABU DHABI, April 13 (Xinhua) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates (United Arab Emirates) announced here today that the reconstruction of the Jenin refugee camp in Palestine, which was destroyed by the Israeli army, will soon begin in order to enable the homeless families to have their own homes at an early date. 408 | Hamdam said that the UAE Red Crescent Society, in coordination with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, has developed specific plans for the rehabilitation of damaged buildings and utilities in the Jenin refugee camp. 409 | The minister also said that since Israel launched a large-scale military operation against Palestinian towns in the West Bank on 29 March, the United Arab Emirates has organized fund-raising activities for Palestine on a number of occasions. 410 | (details) Chavez Retakes office as Venezuelan President 411 | CARACAS, April 14 (Xinhua) Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez returned to the presidential palace here today. 412 | Chavez thanked the Venezuelan people for their trust and support, and thanked the Organization of American States (OAS), the Rio Group, the Group of 77, and other international organizations for their efforts to safeguard democracy and condemn the coup. 413 | Chavez stressed that Venezuela needs peace, stability and reason. To this end, all parties should make joint efforts to stop the conflict. 414 | He said: Through this incident, "We have learned a lot of things, and we will work hard to correct the mistakes and mistakes of the past and build our country." 415 | On the 11th, a military coup took place in Venezuela. More than 10 senior military officers declared that they did not support the Chavez government and detained Chavez. 416 | The former president of the Venezuelan entrepreneurs' Federation, kamoana, assumed the post of interim president of the transitional government on the 12th. 417 | On the same day, supporters of Chavez held a peaceful demonstration in the capital, demanding Chavez to return to power. 418 | On the afternoon of the 13th, a group of pro-Chavez military protection Vice President Kagame secretly returned to the presidential palace and was sworn in as interim president in the evening. 419 | The forces supporting Chavez then issued an ultimatum to the military coup personnel to release Chavez, and occupied an important strategic position at the military camp at tiumna. 420 | In the early morning of the 14th, Chavez returned to the presidential palace by helicopter from the Caribbean island where he was being detained. 421 | Damascus, April 15 (Xinhua) Syrian President Bashar al-Assad held talks here today with visiting US Secretary of State Colin Powell. The two sides discussed the latest developments in the Middle East situation, especially the grave situation in Palestine and the tension in the border areas between Lebanon and Israel. 422 | According to a report by the Syrian News Agency, President Bashar said: "The events in Palestine have brought the peace process in the Middle East into a dead end. If this cannot be realized, we can only wait for another generation." 423 | He pointed out that the question of the peace process could be discussed only after the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the occupied Palestinian territory and the cessation of the killing of Palestinians. 424 | He said: "Peace can only be achieved if both sides are willing to achieve peace." 425 | He called on the United States to have a clear view of peace in the Middle East and to play a role in ensuring the effective implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations. 426 | With regard to the suicide operation carried out by the Palestinians, Bashar said that these actions were not at the root of the events currently taking place in the occupied Palestinian territories, but as a consequence of the attacks against Israeli practices. 427 | He pointed out that the best solution would be to eliminate the sources of tension in the Palestinian situation. 428 | According to diplomatic sources, Powell and Bashar also discussed the situation of the border between Lebanon and Israel during their talks. 429 | Powell arrived in Damascus from Beirut at noon on the same day for a short visit to Syria. 430 | New York stock market falls 431 | New York, April 15 (Xinhua) because of the poor performance of the Citibank Group and the mainland airlines, investors are still worried about the profit prospects of listed companies, and the Dow Jones index fell to its lowest level in eight weeks. 432 | The Standard & Poor's 500 index was down by 8.46 points to 175.78, and the Standard & Poor's 500 index was down by 8.46 points. The Standard & Poor's 500 index was down by 8.46 points. The Standard & Poor's 500 index was down by 8.46 points, down by 8.46 points, and the Standard & Poor's 500 index was down by 8.46 points. 433 | On the other hand, the Russell 2000 index of the New York Stock Exchange and the Russell 2000 index of smaller companies also showed a downward trend, with only a slight increase in the American Stock Exchange index. 434 | Declining issues outnumbered advancers by a 5 to 4 margin. 435 | On the same day, Citibank group announced that due to losses in its business in Argentina, the first quarter profits of the bank did not achieve the expected target; mainland airlines also announced a loss in the first quarter of this year. 436 | The news has caused investors to worry about the performance of listed companies that will soon be announced this week, thus maintaining a wait-and-see attitude. 437 | Following a slight fluctuation in the Wall Street stock market, the trading volume of the whole day was also at a low level. 438 | Banks such as Citibank, mainland airlines, General Electric, and other scientific and technological categories such as Microsoft, Intel, Cisco, Oracle, Dell, and solar Microelectronics have all dropped. 439 | Powell to hold talks with Palestinian and Israeli leaders again 440 | JERUSALEM, April 16 (Xinhua) U S Secretary of State Colin Powell will hold talks here today with Israeli Prime Minister Sharon and Palestinian National Authority President Yasser Arafat. 441 | It is reported that Powell will leave the Middle East region for at least 24 hours to continue his good offices between Israel and Palestine. 442 | Powell expressed the hope that Israel and Palestine would issue a joint statement condemning the terrorist attacks against Israelis and Palestinians and calling for the establishment of a Palestinian state through negotiations and the continuation of the fight against terrorism. 443 | Powell concluded his one-day visit to Lebanon and Syria on the evening of 15 April and announced the cancellation of his plan to hold talks with Arafat on the 16th of the day. 444 | Powell told the press that the United States supported Sharon's proposal to convene a regional peace conference and said that he could hold a ministerial meeting and that Arafat could send a high-level delegation to attend the meeting. 445 | In response to this, Arafat has indicated that Israel will only accept the proposal of holding a regional peace conference if Israel immediately withdraws from the west bank of the Jordan River. 446 | Powell held talks with Sharon on 12 July. 447 | On the 14th, he went to the West Bank city of Ramallah and held talks with Arafat, who was besieged by the Israeli army. 448 | In the evening, he briefed Sharon on the talks with Arafat. 449 | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to Visit Afghanistan 450 | KABUL, April 16 (Xinhua) The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), who is visiting Afghanistan today, met with President Karzai of the interim government and held talks on the return and reintegration of refugees. 451 | According to a press release issued by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on 16 July, Mr. Lubbers stressed the importance of the reintegration of refugees to the stability of the country. 452 | He stressed that security for the return of refugees must be guaranteed, and that the security of rural areas was essential to avoid excessive flows of refugees to cities. 453 | Karzai expressed his gratitude for the work done by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Afghanistan for a long time. 454 | He said that the reintegration of refugees was one of the priorities of the interim government. 455 | He stressed that the return of internally displaced persons to their places of origin was a matter of urgency. 456 | He said: At present, the situation in most parts of the country is stable and there is plenty of rainfall. When these people return to their places of origin, they will be able to resume farming immediately and achieve food self-sufficiency. 457 | On 1 March, the United Nations Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Afghan interim government officially started to help refugees return to their home countries. More than 24,000 Afghans have returned from Pakistan. The number of refugees returning from Iran has reached 5,000, and a further 4,000 have returned from Tajikistan. 458 | Of these, 40 per cent went to the cities. 459 | Lubbers arrived in Afghanistan after concluding his visit to Iran. 460 | He will pay a visit to Pakistan on the 17th. 461 | Seed athletes Eliminated in second round of European Badminton Championships 462 | STOCKHOLM, April 17 (Xinhua) the European badminton championships held a second round of competition in the southern Swedish city of Malm today. 463 | In addition to the mixed doubles, seeds have begun to be eliminated in other individual competitions. 464 | In the men's singles competition, the seed competitor, co.hoton of England, was eliminated by Peter Rasmussen of Denmark. 465 | The seeds who were eliminated from the women's singles were Tiu Rasmussen of Denmark, and she was defeated by Germany's Judy bid. 466 | In the men's doubles in the men's doubles, the seeds were defeated by a pair of Russian athletes. 467 | The seeds that had been eliminated in the women's doubles court were the Prince of Wales, Gallup / Qiao margri, who had been sent to a rival of the Polish and Belarusian partners. 468 | According to the schedule, there will be one eighth and one quarter final in each of the five individual competitions tomorrow. 469 | The finals and the finals will be held on the 19th and 20th respectively. 470 | Palestine condemns the Israeli army's continued aggression against the Palestinian people 471 | GAZA, April 18 (Xinhua) The Palestinian National Authority today condemned the continued aggression by the Israeli army against the Palestinian people in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 472 | The statement said that the failure of US Secretary of State Powell's mediation efforts in the Middle East was mainly due to "the refusal of the government and its Prime Minister Sharon to withdraw troops from Palestinian cities and put an end to the military operation there." 473 | On the same day, the Israeli army continued to control most Pakistan-controlled cities on the west bank of the Jordan River. 474 | According to eyewitnesses, the Israeli military armored forces withdrew from Jenin on the same day, but quickly returned and reoccupied the downtown area. 475 | According to a report by Israeli Radio, the Israeli army shot and killed a Palestinian near the Israeli settlement in southern Gaza that night. 476 | Palestinian security officials said that the Palestinian was killed when he was in a settlement. 477 | The military said that he was shot dead by Israeli soldiers while trying to attack the settlements with several other Palestinian militants. 478 | Putin's state of the nation address 479 | MOSCOW, April 18 (Xinhua) Russian President Vladimir Putin said today that Russia should become a strong and competitive country. 480 | Putin said that Russia's national construction goal is still to develop democracy, establish a civilized market economy, and the most important thing is to raise the people's standard of living. 481 | Summing up last year's work, he pointed out that the state has achieved some success in carrying out its major tasks. The economy has maintained sustained growth, the number of unemployed people has been reduced, the people's lives have improved, and Russians are full of confidence in the future. 482 | Putin expressed satisfaction with the good implementation of the budget and improving the business environment for two consecutive years. 483 | He stressed that Russia's oil production is the second highest in the world, and the trade volume in the world is the highest in the world. 484 | In his State of the Union address, Putin also expounded on the national development plan and the domestic and foreign policies of this year. 485 | This is the third time that Putin has issued a state of the Union address to the two houses of parliament since he became president. 486 | Nearly 1,000 people, including more than 600 members of parliament, 89 federal leaders, the office of the president and heads of government departments, attended the joint meeting. 487 | Foreign Ministry spokesman on the report adopted by the European Parliament 488 | In response to a reporter's question today, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue made a comment on a report passed by the European Parliament. 489 | A reporter asked: On 11 April, the plenary session of the European Parliament considered and adopted the "Report of the European Parliament on the European Commission's China strategy paper." 490 | What is China's comment on this? 491 | Zhang Qiyue answered: The Chinese side has taken note of the recent adoption of the report by the European Parliament. 492 | The report says that there is a wide range of common interests between China and the EU, advocating the development of the China-EU partnership, strengthening bilateral contacts, exchanges and dialogue, and expanding bilateral cooperation in economic, trade, scientific, technological, educational, and cultural fields. 493 | We welcome these positive ideas. 494 | However, the report has made many erroneous conclusions on the human rights situation in China, as well as Taiwan and Tibet, and has seriously interfered in China's internal affairs. This is unacceptable to the Chinese side. 495 | It is hoped that the European Parliament will strictly abide by the one-China principle and do more things beneficial to the development of bilateral relations, so as not to have a negative impact on the relations between China and the EU. 496 | Release of the kidnapped Indian Office of the High Commissioner in Pakistan 497 | NEW DELHI, April 19 (Xinhua) Indian foreign ministry spokesman Rao announced today that the Indian Office of the High Commissioner in Pakistan had been released in the afternoon. 498 | Rao said that the Pakistani police informed the Indian Office of the High Commissioner in Pakistan that the Qana had been handed over to the Indian side at a local police station. 499 | At Qana, he was beaten and injured and is now in hospital. 500 | She said that the Palestinian police refused to use the incident as a case of kidnapping. This makes people suspect that the Pakistani intelligence department was involved in this incident. 501 | Qana was kidnapped when he was working at a bus on the morning of 19 July. 502 | On the morning of the same day, the Indian Foreign Ministry issued a statement strongly protesting against Pakistan's kidnapping of the Indian Office of the High Commissioner in Pakistan in broad daylight. 503 | Various types of enterprises in Hebei Province actively declare foreign trade rights 504 | Shijiazhuang, April 20 (Xinhua) The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation) said here today that nearly 200 percent of all enterprises in the province have registered with the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC) or have been approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC). 505 | According to the briefing, the number of registered enterprises this time includes 39 foreign trade companies, of which 17 are private foreign trade companies. 506 | There are also dozens of business, material, marketing and state-owned enterprises, as well as state-owned enterprises. 507 | A total of 77 companies in the private sector have also declared their foreign trade rights. 508 | The participation of more and more private enterprises is now a new atmosphere for reporting on the operating rights of foreign trade. 509 | In July last year, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and economic cooperation further relaxed the conditions and standards for the operating rights of various types of enterprises. 510 | Israel says it will cooperate with the United Nations fact-finding team 511 | JERUSALEM, April 20 (Xinhua) Israeli government officials said on Thursday that they would cooperate with the United Nations in carrying out a fact-finding mission to the Palestinian refugee camp in the west bank of the Jordan River. 512 | Israel Radio quoted a government official as saying that Israel would present to the United Nations mission a videotape of the military operations carried out by the Israeli army in the Jenin refugee camp and allow members of the delegation to interview soldiers and commanders involved in military operations, and hoped that the delegation would remain objective and impartial in the course of the investigation. 513 | On the 19th, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution proposed by the United States to welcome the investigation of the Jenin refugee camp by the UN investigation team. 514 | Just a few hours before the voting, Foreign Minister Peres made a phone call to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, saying that Israel would welcome the United Nations representative to "clarify" the truth of the Jenin refugee camp. 515 | Annan also expressed his agreement with the United Nations delegation to carry out an investigation on the same day. 516 | According to sources, Ben elazawa and Peres claimed that the Israeli army had engaged in a fierce exchange of fire with Palestinian militants while carrying out military operations in the Jenin refugee camp. Twenty-three Israeli soldiers were killed, and 50 people were killed, most of them Palestinian militants. 517 | In recent days, the international community has called for an upsurge of calls for an investigation into the recent conflict in the Jenin refugee camp, which has been the most intense in the Palestinian conflict. 518 | The Palestinian side accused the Israeli army of killing Palestinians there, killing hundreds of people, but Israel denied it. 519 | China expresses strong dissatisfaction with Koizumi's visit to Yasukuni Shrine 520 | BEIJING, April 21 (Xinhua) Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said here today that China is firmly opposed to the Japanese leaders paying homage at the Yasukuni Shrine, which houses the memorial tablets of Class-A war criminals in any form and at any time. 521 | The Chinese side expressed strong dissatisfaction with the Japanese leader's action. 522 | Zhang Qiyue said in a speech on Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine this morning that Japan's approach will only damage Japan's own image and make it more difficult for Japan to win the trust of the peoples of Asian countries on historical issues. 523 | This is the second time that Koizumi has visited Yasukuni Shrine since he took office. 524 | The Yasukuni Shrine is a place where Japanese pay their respects to war (mostly wars of aggression) since the Meiji Restoration. Class-A war criminals such as Hideki Tojo and other Class-A war criminals in World War II were also held here. 525 | First round of voting in French presidential election 526 | PARIS, April 21 (Xinhua) The first round of the French presidential election started here today. 527 | A total of 40 million voters in the country will elect the seventh President of the French Republic of France among the 16 candidates. 528 | The result of the poll will be announced on the evening of the day. 529 | According to a communique issued by the French Ministry of the Interior, as of 12: 00 noon on the 21st, the voter turnout rate was 21.41 percent, down from 22.52 percent in the first round of voting in the presidential election in 1995. 530 | According to local media forecasts, the voter turnout rate this year may set a historical record. 531 | The French Constitution stipulates that if no candidate obtains more than 51 per cent of the votes in the first ballot, the two candidates with the highest number of votes will enter the second round of competition on 5 May. 532 | The results of the final public opinion poll released last Friday showed that current President Chirac and current Prime Minister Lionel Jospin may win in the first round with very close votes. 533 | As the number of candidates in this presidential election is as high as 16, setting a record high in French history, voters may be very dispersed in the first round of voting. 534 | In the first round, the presidential candidate of the French far right National Front, Lepang, may be in third place, and may even be exposed to the "surprises" of the first two. 535 | The US will help Georgia to rebuild its army. 536 | MOSCOW, April 22 (Xinhua) Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze today denied reports that the United States has refused to assist Georgia in reforming its armed forces. 537 | According to a report by the Russian news agency, Shevardnadze made the above remarks at a press conference held in Tbilisi. 538 | He said that the United States and Georgia have not changed the previous agreement reached by US military experts to assist Georgia in reforming the army. It is only that at present there is no specific date for US military experts to arrive in Georgia. 539 | He said that US military experts are currently preparing for Georgia, and that they will come to Georgia sooner or later. 540 | He pointed out that the strengthening of cooperation between Georgia and the United States in the military field is not aimed at Russia. 541 | According to reports, according to an agreement reached between the two countries, US military experts will help Georgia train four battalions and one company. 542 | Correspondents stationed in foreign countries urged the Israeli army to return confiscated press cards 543 | JERUSALEM, April 22 (Xinhua) The Israeli Foreign Journalists Association today issued a statement calling on the Israeli military to return the press cards of at least 17 foreign journalists in the West Bank city of Bethlehem. 544 | The statement said that on the same day, an Israeli military officer confiscated the documents of a number of Palestinians and foreign journalists working for the international news agencies about 400 meters away from the great Church of Jesus, on the ground that it was a military restricted area, but no documents were produced. 545 | The statement pointed out that the Israeli army's confiscation of press cards was in fact an attempt to restrict media coverage of the confrontation between the Israeli army and Palestinian militants in the great Church of the birth of Jesus, and not out of consideration for the safety of journalists. This was in violation of the Israeli army's commitment to foreign associations last week. 546 | On 2 April, the Israeli army in Bethlehem occupied more than 200 Palestinian militants in the Cathedral of Jesus. The confrontation between the two sides continued to this day. 547 | In the face of pressure, soft Indians Hold Peace Prayer 548 | A few hundred Hindus, dressed in white gowns, yesterday, under the supervision of the riot police, held a prayer ceremony for peace in the holy city of abatya yesterday. 549 | The initiative for the construction of a Hindu temple, the Hindu leader of the Indian temple, on the ground floor of the razed Church, was handed over to a government official in addition to the place where the Supreme Court banned the holding of any religious ceremony. 550 | The day before yesterday, he said that he was going to hold a prayer session in Accra. 551 | However, yesterday, he suddenly took a soft attitude, saying that the prayer session would be held at another location in Accra. 552 | According to local media reports, 93 years old, under pressure from the ruling Indian People's Party, changed his mind. 553 | Prior to this, Indian authorities held a prayer meeting near the back of the church because of concerns about Hindu radicals, and increased military and police personnel stationed in the northern town. 554 | One quarter voted against or abstained on the work report 555 | NPC deputies still dissatisfied with achievements in judicial system reform 556 | More than one quarter of China's NPC deputies voted against or abstained on the work report of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate yesterday, indicating that they are still dissatisfied with the reform of the judicial system and the progress of the construction of the rule of law. 557 | However, of the 2,813 deputies attending the closing session of the fifth session of the Ninth National People's Congress in the Great Hall of the people, 2,742 people voted in favour of Premier Zhu's government work report, which is still as high as 97.5 percent, which is similar to last year's. 558 | The various parties expect that Zhu Rongji, who has publicly indicated that he will resign, will withdraw from the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the highest decision-making level, which will be held this autumn. 559 | However, the results of the voting show that Zhu Rongji has not been neglected by the People's Congress because he is about to lose his power. 560 | The General Assembly, which lasted 10 and a half days, also approved the 2002 budget with a deficit of 80.8 billion yuan (about $68.8 billion), with a deficit of 80.5 percent. 561 | Li Peng, chairman of the National People's Congress [NPC] Chairman of the National People's Congress [NPC] [NPC] Standing Committee, has received slightly more votes and abstained from voting on the work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC). 562 | The report of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress was received by 2587 votes in favour, 112 against and 114 abstentions. 563 | Last year's report was rejected by a recorded vote of 85 to 85, with 122 abstentions. 564 | Although the response of the NPC deputies yesterday was slightly better than last year, as many as 28 per cent and 27 per cent of the deputies of the National People's Congress voted against or abstained on the work reports of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. 565 | The work report of Xiao Yang, president of the Supreme People's Court, yesterday received 2,026 votes in favour, 528 against and 259 abstentions. 566 | Last year, his report received 1,953 votes in favour, 530 against and 306 abstentions. 567 | The report of Han Zhubin, procurator general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, yesterday received 2,044 votes in favour, 516 against, and 253 abstentions. 568 | Last year, his report received 1,873 votes in favour, 584 against and 332 abstentions. 569 | As this is the last session of the National People's Congress this year, the National People's Congress will make a general election next year. Therefore, yesterday's closing session also voted to adopt the decision on the election of deputies to the 10th National People's Congress and the election of the 10th National People's Congress (NPC) before the end of January next year. 570 | China speeds up local Party and government leaders. 571 | News from Beijing "two sessions" revealed to the Ming Pao that at the end of the national and National People's Congress [NPC] session of the National People's Congress [NPC], the change of the local Party and government leaders will be accelerated. 572 | The central authorities have called on all localities to complete their general work by the end of June this year. The 17 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions that have not yet completed the adjustment will form a new leadership group. 573 | According to the report, according to the standard of appointment of the CPC Central Committee, members of the provincial Party and government leading bodies should normally have a degree above university degree and above. 574 | The central government also stipulates that the new secretary of the provincial party committee is under the age of 59 and the governor is under the age of 56. 575 | In addition, in order to strengthen the CPC's leadership over the people's congresses at all levels, all levels of people's congresses at all levels will be the same as the secretaries of party committees at the same level. 576 | The source pointed out that since March of last year, 62 party and government leaders of the 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities throughout China have made corresponding adjustments and changes. 577 | Of these, 14 provinces have completed local party committee adjustments last year, including those of the provincial party committee of the six provinces of Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hainan, Yunnan and Qinghai. 578 | Among the governments of the provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, including the mayor of the governor of Shanghai, Jiangxi, Shandong, Hunan and Yunnan, a total of 11 provincial and ministerial officials have been mobilized. 579 | US embassy in Yemen attacked a young man who was arrested and no one was injured. 580 | (Sana'a) officials from Yemen and the United States said that a Yemeni youth had thrown a grenade into the United States embassy in Yemen the night before, but the young man was immediately arrested and no one was injured in the attack. 581 | US embassy in Italy receives white powder bag 582 | In Rome, the US embassy in Italy received a mail bag containing white powder the day before yesterday. Embassy personnel were worried that the bag might contain anthrax. 583 | A spokesman for the embassy said the pouch has been handed over to the local fire brigade's biochemical expert group for testing. The results will be announced next week. 584 | An official of the Yemeni Ministry of the Interior told the state television that the 25-year-old young man, a 25-year-old young man, had thrown a grenade into the wall of the United States embassy in the north of the city of Sana'a in the capital city of Sana'a. 585 | He said that awayah came from the province of Miami, 60 kilometres north-west of Sana'a, and that he had another hand grenade at the time of his arrest. 586 | The official said that the grenade explosion did not cause any casualties, nor did it cause any loss. 587 | Witnesses said that after the grenade explosion, police immediately surrounded the area around the embassy. 588 | In Washington, State Department spokesman Boucher said that preliminary investigation results showed that the embassy did not suffer any loss and no one was injured in the library. 589 | The perpetrators are currently detained by the Yemeni authorities. 590 | The authorities said that the grenade had not been thrown into the wall of the embassy. 591 | New York stock market continues to rise 592 | The increase in consumer confidence and industrial production in the United States has led to renewed confidence in the Wall Street market. The three major indexes have risen steadily, while the Dow Jones industrial and commercial index rose to the fifth week. 593 | Investors believe that with the recovery of the US economy, business profits are expected to pick up, and business profits are expected to pick up. 594 | On Friday, the Dow Jones industrial and commercial index closed at 10607.23 points, 0.09 points or 0.9%. 595 | The United States automated price index was at 186.30 points, 14.16 points or 0.8 per cent, while the broader Standard & Poor's 500 index was 116.16 points, 13.12 points or 1.1%. 596 | Throughout the week, the Dow Jones index rose slightly by 0.3%, expanding to 5.8 percent this year. 597 | The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose by 0.2%, while the US automated price index fell by 3.2%, the first drop in three weeks. 598 | The U.S. consumer confidence index, released on Friday by the University of Michigan, rose for the fifth time in six months, reaching the highest level in 15 months. This shows that the economic recovery is not small. 599 | On the other hand, the United States officially announced that the index of industrial production in February this year rose by 0.4%, which was better than the market's forecast. It was also the second increase in the past 17 months. 600 | Economists believe that these two data provide a clearer picture of the economic recovery. 601 | Therefore, the trend of the future market may also be pushed forward in a more optimistic direction. 602 | In the New York Stock Exchange, the rate of increase is 4 to 3, with a turnover of 1.4 billion shares. 603 | On the other hand, the rate of increase in the US automatically quoted stock market was 6 to 5. 604 | With regard to the British market, it is possible for record companies to lay off employees and the Biotechnology Enterprise celtech may stop selling shares, thus creating an atmosphere of optimism in the market and pushing up the stock market by 0.6%. 605 | However, the second selling medicine of GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical manufacturer, may face competition from Indian competitors and the expectation that Deutsche Bank lowered the stock price of the largest mobile phone company in Europe. However, the increase in the index was limited. 606 | The London Financial Times index closed at 5292.70 points on Friday, with 31.30 points. 607 | North Korean patrol boat charged into South Korea's territorial waters 608 | A Korean official said that a Korean patrol boat broke into South Korea's territorial waters yesterday. 609 | The South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff said that the patrol boat crossed 1.5 km from the Yellow Sea border and stayed for 42 minutes before being driven away by the South Korean warship. 610 | It stated that the Korean patrol boat had accidentally entered the territorial waters of South Korea while inspecting a Cambodian cargo ship. 611 | The maritime boundary between Korea and the DPRK is not clear, and yesterday's violation was the second of its kind in this year. 612 | South Korea accused North Korea of violating the western waters 12 times last year, but each time it was not serious. 613 | In 1999, a series of violations by the Korean vessels caused the first maritime clash since the Korean War, resulting in the sinking of a Korean warship. It was believed that 30 Korean sailors were killed. 614 | On the other hand, according to intelligence sources, 25 Koreans were staying at an army base in the Philippines yesterday before flying to South Korea for asylum. 615 | The refugees arrived at the Manila airport from Beijing on Friday evening. 616 | "The documents they went to Korea are being processed," the spokesman said. 617 | The South Korean Foreign Ministry said that this group of Koreans will fly to Seoul on Monday by South Korean Airlines passenger plane. 618 | US official: Al Qaeda to strengthen capital flow 619 | (Washington, D.C.) according to US media reports, an official of the United States, who is unwilling to disclose his name, said in the past few weeks that al Qaeda, the world's number one terrorist organization, has increased its activities in the financial field. This shows that some leaders of al Qaeda are resuming control over the organization and may seek to finance more attacks against US targets. 620 | The official said that while there had been an increase in the flow of funds to al-Qa'idah, communication links between the surviving al Qaeda members were also on the increase. 621 | Information intercepted by the intelligence services of the United States indicates that members of the small al Qaeda group and the Taliban are in the process of being contacted. 622 | Most of the communications activities are concentrated in the north-western part of Pakistan, close to the Afghan border. 623 | According to the official, these activities show that some well-known al-Qaida leaders are resuming control over the remnants of this terrorist organization, but the United States official does not wish to list the names of these people. 624 | Kannistro, former head of the anti-terrorism department of the US Central Intelligence Agency, said that there are numerous signs that Al Qaeda is being reorganized and that the large volume of communications between them is carried out via the Internet, and there are frequent financial exchanges. 625 | Kandahar also said that some evidence suggests that the leadership of the Al Qaeda organization has also begun to be active. 626 | Chen Jinde, legislative councilor of Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party, and fishery groups to visit Beijing 627 | Chen Jinde, legislative councilor of Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party, arrived in Beijing yesterday for a visit to Beijing. 628 | Chen Jinde was the first member of the Democratic Progressive Party to visit the mainland following a speech by Chinese Vice Premier Qian Qichen in commemoration of the seventh anniversary of Jiang Zemin's visit to mainland China. 629 | Chen Jinde arrived in Hong Kong on Saturday to obtain a visa, and arrived in Beijing yesterday for 10 days. 630 | Chen Jinde stressed that the purpose of his trip was purely to help him solve the problem of shortage of fishermen in the Ilan constituency. He went to the mainland in his personal capacity. However, he disclosed that he would meet with officials of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and relevant mainland organizations. He hoped that the Beijing authorities would agree to resume the opening up of the fishing industry. 631 | In the wake of the ban on fishing industry in mainland China, there is a serious shortage of fish in the Ilan area. 632 | The delegation, headed by the director general of the Taiwan fishing association, was led by the director general of the Taiwan fishing association. 633 | Another serious sandstorm in Beijing 634 | China's state media said that there was another serious sandstorm yesterday in Beijing. 635 | Although the government has invested heavily in improving the environment in Beijing to prevent the desert from approaching Beijing, it is still the major difficulty faced by Beijing, which plans to hold the Olympic Games in 2008. 636 | The National Weather Bureau of China predicted that this year's first sandstorm hit Beijing last Friday. The summit of cold air from Mongolia is expected to cause Beijing to be covered with grey and yellow dust. 637 | Yang Weixi, chief engineer of the desert control center of the Chinese Forestry Department, told the "Beijing weekly": "I dare not say that there will not be a sandstorm in 2008. 638 | What we can do is to control the human factor that produces sandstorms and to prevent desertification in the environment. " 639 | He said, however, the natural factors, such as the wind, the drought and the great desert, which go beyond people's control, make it impossible for China to avoid sandstorms in the short term. 640 | The Chinese government has pledged to invest $56.8 billion (approximately $123.76 million) from 2002 to 2008 to prevent desertification and reduce the production of sandstorms. 641 | Beijing alone will cost about 1 billion yuan (approximately NT $220 million) this year. 642 | An expert from the Chinese Academy of Forestry said: "The increase in funding will greatly improve the situation. However, it may take several decades before we can see the effects of governance." 643 | After conducting an investigation at the beginning of this year, Chinese environmental experts warned that about one third of China's territory is now desert, which is mainly caused by human economic activities, such as overgrazing. 644 | The survey reported that in the first six months of last year, there were 18 sandstorms in Beijing, which all came from Inner Mongolia, and 60 percent of the land in Inner Mongolia was desert. 645 | At the closing session of the National People's Congress this month, people's congress deputies from Shanghai, Beijing and Inner Mongolia urged the government to "set up a green Great Wall, made up of forests," to block the attack of the sandstorm. 646 | According to a report by the Shanghai Star, Xu Shiyuan, vice president of the China Geographical Society, warned that if the government does not take urgent measures, the sandstorm may even attack Shanghai. 647 | Many in-service cadres found to be infected with fake certificates in Chinese fake certificates 648 | The fake diploma in Hong Kong is rampant in mainland China. The guidance center for employment of university graduates in Guangdong Province recently identified a certificate of academic qualifications for 15 officials from a city in the Chaoshan region. Seven of the certificates were confirmed by the naked eye. 649 | According to press reports in Hong Kong, the centre has been certified for work since May last year. So far, more than 3,500 certificates have been certified and more than 800 certificates of all kinds have been certified. The number of false certificates is as high as 23 percent. 650 | According to reports, most of these fake certificates are for adult education and self-study examinations, two thirds of which are forged by the street and one third by regular educational institutions. 651 | The head of the center also disclosed that because of the institutional reforms at the time of the establishment of the Identification Department, most of those submitted for censorship were organs and enterprises, and some of them had a very high proportion of fake certificates, and many of them were serving cadres. 652 | With the approval of the relevant department of the Ministry of National Education, the Center for job placement of university graduates in Guangdong Province is the only institution in China that is authorized to carry out a nationwide certificate of academic qualifications for higher education. 653 | The person in charge also disclosed that out of consideration for the selection of officials, a state-owned bank in a local level city sent out a diploma of 36 middle-ranking officials and key business leaders, but only six of them were genuine. 654 | It is understood that with the identification process, quite a number of private enterprises have also asked for evaluation, and the main items they identified are the candidates and the newly introduced university students. 655 | The Identification Department found that many of the certificates issued by university students were fake. 656 | Last year, a large company set up a branch in a certain area of the Pearl River Delta, recruiting a group of university students. 657 | The boss brought to an appraisal the academic qualifications of more than 30 staff members, and found that 10 were false. 658 | In recent years, a number of tertiary institutions have set up teaching points in Guangdong Province. They have not issued any certificate of academic qualifications. However, in order to attract trainees, they have made a fraud at the time of admission, claiming that they can issue a certificate of recognition to the students and produce a batch of false certificates to students when they graduate. 659 | 25 asylum seekers arrive in Seoul 660 | (Seoul, Seoul) 25 Koreans seeking asylum arrived at Seoul International Airport yesterday to start a new life in South Korea. 661 | After passing the border, they waved to the Korean television camera with a smile. 662 | At a temporary press conference held at the airport, the 43 year-old factory worker, Lee Sung, said: "We want to settle here and live in a world where freedom is full of hope." 663 | Another man said, "because Korea is a free country, I will not hesitate to die." 664 | This group of Koreans stormed into the Spanish Embassy in Beijing on Thursday and firmly declared that they would go to South Korea. 665 | On Friday, China allowed them to go to Seoul via the Philippines. 666 | They came from six families, two of whom had no parents. 667 | They are the largest group of people who have fled since the end of the Korean War. 668 | According to the Seoul National Intelligence Agency, the group will join the 2,000 Korean people who have settled in Korea. Of these, 138 will be in the Republic of Korea only this year. 669 | Last year, 583 people joined the Republic of Korea, breaking the record. 670 | The 25 new arrivals will adapt to a government shelter near the capital city of Seoul. 671 | The primary objective of the course is to help those who change themselves to overcome the tension in flight and then receive counselling to adapt to Korean culture, including knowledge of capitalism. 672 | The final step would be to receive new job training. 673 | New Yorker weekly: Iraqi intelligence agency has been in close contact with al Qaeda for many years 674 | (Washington, D.C.) the latest issue of the New Yorker weekly reported that the intelligence agencies in Iraq have maintained close contacts over the years with Al Qaeda, the leader of the September 11 attacks. 675 | It was reported that the two organizations jointly directed a terrorist organization in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq. 676 | The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States has always been skeptical about the allegations made by Iraqi President Hu Hin and Al Qaeda. 677 | The "Hawk" officials who supported the military action against Iraq in the Bush administration have been trying in the past to find evidence of the links between huhin and Al Qaeda. 678 | These officials spoke highly of the report of the "New Yorker" on the day before yesterday and said that the report was the latest basis for supporting their arguments. 679 | It was reported that in the Kurdish area of Iraq there was an ANSA Muslim guerrilla group made up of Kurds and Arabs. Members of the guerrilla group had been trained in the Obama camp. 680 | This report, the author of the report, said that he had interviewed a number of agents of the al-Faisal Islamic guerrillas who had been captured by the pro-American Kurdish organization "Kurdish Patriotic Alliance". These agents claimed that the ANSA Muslim guerrillas were under the joint command of huhin and Al Qaeda, and that some of the al Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan had fled to the Iraqi Kurdish areas under the control of the Muslim guerrillas. 681 | The agents also stated that Iraq had hosted a al Qaeda leader from Egypt in Baghdad in 1992. 682 | US officials warned that the Kurdish Patriotic Alliance may make a big contribution to the relevant reports in order to prove that the plan of the United States to overthrow the Saddam regime is justified. 683 | Gulf state newspaper: Cheney's Middle East trip fails 684 | The Gulf state newspaper reported on Monday that US Vice President Cheney's current trip to the Middle East was a failure. 685 | Cheney's visit is to persuade Middle East countries to support the US attack on Iraq. 686 | During his visit to all the Gulf countries, Cheney went to Kuwait on Monday, but even the most loyal US ally opposed the attack on Baghdad. 687 | Saudi Arabia's "homeland of the motherland" said, "the vice president heard that the United States must stop Israel's terrorist actions and prevent Israel from possessing weapons of mass destruction." 688 | The paper also pointed out that "if the United States continues to ignore the interests of the Middle East countries, it will also lose its interests in the Gulf region." 689 | The United Arab Emirates "Gulf Daily" also said, "This is the new failure of the United States in the Middle East after the defeat of Europe. 690 | Most of the European allies in the United States have openly opposed the attack on Iraq. " 691 | Cheney, in the capital of Bahrain yesterday, denied that his Middle East trip was aimed at organizing military strikes against Iraq. 692 | At a joint press conference with the Crown Prince of Bahrain, he said that some people believed that the only interest in his visit was to organize military strikes against Iraq, but he denied this. 693 | Cheney said that he and Crown Prince Salman mainly discussed the war on terrorism, the latest developments in the Middle East situation, and the situation in Afghanistan. 694 | Cheney arrived in Israel on Monday evening. He is expected to meet with Prime Minister Sabon to discuss the latest developments in the Israeli-Palestinian situation. 695 | On the other hand, the regional commander of the Israeli and Palestinian sides in the West Bank and the region of the West Bank yesterday unexpectedly held talks aimed at putting an end to the violence in the region. 696 | This meeting could be the first step taken by Israel to withdraw its troops from ICA. 697 | The Palestinian side said that if the Israeli army does not withdraw from these areas, the Palestinian side will not participate in the peace talks mediated by the United States. 698 | Increasing number of street crime cases in the United Kingdom 699 | The British government is committed to solving the growing problem of street crime and will deploy more police patrols. 700 | Interior Minister Blunkett said that in order to contain the rising number of street robberies and violent cases, it is very necessary to increase police patrols. 701 | He said: "It is true that we should rectify the order in the streets, because law-abiding citizens want to walk safely in the streets and live a safe life without fear of being attacked." 702 | While the overall crime rate in the United Kingdom declined, the number of street crimes increased by 13 per cent between 2000 and 2001. 703 | The situation in London was even more alarming. The number of robberies reported in September and November 2001 alone was 12,248, more than double that of 8614 in the same period of the previous year. 704 | The government also said that the increase in crime was mainly due to a large increase in looting of cell phones. Last year, more than 700,000 cell phone robberies occurred nationwide. 705 | This is the first time that the British police have focused their attention on street thugs and looting, and in the past concentrated on cracking down on illegal possession of firearms and the sale of drugs on the streets. 706 | The new scheme will first be implemented in the more concentrated neighbourhoods of 10 street crime cases. 707 | The police will step up patrols in these neighbourhoods and provide more protection to the victims. 708 | Group demonstrations by 10 state factory workers in Liaoning 709 | The workers of 10 state factories in Liaoning Province, northeast China's Liaoning Province, held a collective demonstration yesterday to protest against the arrears of wages and pensions, the low rate of reduction, and corruption. 710 | At the same time, demonstrations for the dismissal of oil workers in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, have lasted for three weeks. 711 | The information center for human rights in China, which is based in Hong Kong, said that the public security bureau of Liaoning Province arrested an organizer of the demonstration, 54 year-old Yao Fuxin, while looking for more than 10 other workers in the demonstration. 712 | According to a relative of Yao who refused to reveal his name, he said: "When he went out to buy things, he did not come back. Several people saw him taken away." 713 | In addition, in the Daqing Oilfield in nearby provinces, the police and the Daqing Oil Administration told the reporter that the sit-in demonstration of the dismissed oil workers has entered its third week. However, the number of workers participating in the sit-in has decreased from 50,000 to more than 1,000. 714 | According to sources, workers in these two cities have established independent trade unions and have decided to negotiate through election representatives. 715 | Such action is not permissible under the law. 716 | Han Dongfang, host of the China labour organization in Hong Kong, said that although both demonstrations started at the end of the National People's Congress, the problem has been in existence for a long time. 717 | South Korea also said that a demonstration was also held on Monday in a textile factory in Guangyuan City, Sichuan, where a few workers' leaders were arrested on the weekend. As a result, 1,000 workers staged a demonstration in protest. 718 | The new aviation difficult investigation report: The Taiwan Security Council has repeatedly delayed the prosecution's doubt that there is mysteries inside the investigation. 719 | It has been one and a half years since the new air traffic accident occurred. The investigation report of the Taiwan Aviation Safety Commission has been postponed again and again, leading to a stagnation in the investigation of the Taoyuan district prosecutor's office, and the prosecutor's challenge is that the investigation report will be delivered in April. 720 | On the evening of 31 October 2000, at 11: 18 p.m., a Singapore Airlines flight from Chung Cheng Airport to Los Angeles, in Los Angeles, took off for an explosion, causing the explosion of two dredgers on the runway. As a result, 83 passengers died and nearly one hundred passengers were injured. 721 | The "China Times" reported yesterday that the Taoyuan local prosecutor's office, which was responsible for investigating criminal charges after the air crash, had a number of disputes over the flying unit of the aviation accident investigation. 722 | Since the beginning of the air crash, the chief prosecutor of the Taoyuan local prosecutor's office, Wang Yu-sheng, has been promoted to the public prosecutor's office in Taichung. 723 | The mission said that the investigation report could be completed at the end of last year, then until the end of January, after which it was completed in February. It has still not been followed by the prosecutor, who promised to deliver in April. 724 | Some of the victims' families have brought a large amount of civil compensation to the US courts, including the Singapore Airlines, as well as the Taiwan civil aviation authority. 725 | The claim of the family members of the victims is tantamount to accusing the Taiwan tower of having a lack of responsibility. As a result, the investigation findings of the Taoyuan district prosecutor's office have attracted special attention. 726 | Allawi wants to hold bilateral talks if it complies with US ceasefire agreement 727 | (Jerusalem) Israeli Prime Minister Sabon said yesterday that if the Palestinian leader arlaw followed up on the ceasefire agreement proposed by the United States, Israel would allow it to leave the Palestinian territory. 728 | US Vice President Cheney also said yesterday that he would be prepared to hold talks with the other side on the Middle East peace process in the near future if it implements the truce agreement proposed by the United States. 729 | The Arab League Secretary General Moussa said yesterday that the Arab League will support a land exchange peace plan at a summit to be held next week to prevent the escalation of violent clashes in the Middle East. 730 | In an interview with the Italian newspaper The late post, Moussa said: "I believe there will be a clear and consistent position on the Arab summit to be held in Beirut, that is, the exchange of land for peace. 731 | At that time, Israel must make a decision. " 732 | Egyptian Foreign Minister Maher said on the day before yesterday that even if Israel does not allow Allawi to attend the Arab League summit, Saudi Arabia will still propose a peace proposal to resolve the violent conflict in the Middle East at the summit. 733 | Annan condemns military actions ignoring safety of civilian life 734 | On the other hand, UN Secretary General Annan sent a letter to Sabon the day before yesterday, condemning Israel's failure to take into account the safety of civilians in the gradual escalation of its military operations, and that the conflict "has evolved into a conventional war with no restraint." 735 | Annan said that Israel has dispatched F-16 fighters, helicopters, naval armed aircraft and missiles to carry out intensive bombing, "resulting in the wounding or killing of thousands of innocent civilians, including women and children, and the destruction or destruction of many buildings and houses." 736 | Annan called on Sharon to ensure that Israel's security forces "use weapons and methods of warfare that pose the lowest threat to the safety and property of the Palestinian civilians." 737 | Global warming to mark the complete collapse of the Antarctic ice frame 738 | An expert from the US National Snow Data Center said yesterday that an ice block in the Antarctic has completely broken down and split into thousands of iceberg. This is the largest of such incidents in 30 years, and this has once again sounded the alarm for global warming. 739 | It has been alleged that, over a period of 35 days, a total of 3,250 square kilometres of the ice shelf in the vicinity of the eastern coast of Antarctica has been completely dismantled. 740 | The center warned that with the advent of the hot summer, other ice frames were on the verge of collapse. 741 | This is an indication that the flow of ice in Antarctica will increase and the global sea level will rise to the detriment of lowland areas. 742 | The center, located at the University of Colorado, on its Web site (nsidc.org), said that it might have already started to split on January 31 this year with a total of 7 20 billion tons of ice, and the ice has formed thousands of floating iceberg. 743 | The centre also indicated that the reason for the division of the ice was the regional warming of the region. 744 | More than half of the British did not agree to the government's support of the US fight against Iraq. 745 | The results of a public opinion poll released yesterday showed that more than half of the British voters did not support the government's support for the US attack on Iraq. 746 | The results of a public opinion poll conducted by the Guardian and the public opinion polls showed that 51% of voters opposed Britain's support for the US attack on Iraq. 747 | In contrast to similar polls conducted last year and three years ago, most British voters supported the attack on Iraq. 748 | A similar opinion poll released by the US cable news network and Time magazine the day before yesterday showed that 70% of Americans support the government's attack on Iraq's overthrow of the Saddam regime. 749 | In Ottawa, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien said the day before yesterday that if the United States leads the coalition forces to attack Iraq, Canada will consider joining. 750 | Jean Chretien and other Canadian ministers have always expressed concern over Bush's taking a tough stand against the Iraqi regime in Iraq, and has consistently maintained that there is no evidence to show that huhin and al Qaeda are connected. 751 | However, after he arrived in Washington for talks with Bush last Thursday, he seems to have changed his original position. 752 | He said that he would seriously consider any request from the United States for military assistance outside Afghanistan. 753 | He said: "with regard to the participation of the force, if there are situations in other places like Afghanistan, we will look at the situation at that time, as we did in Afghanistan." 754 | The United States will reduce the number of fighter planes patrolling in the country's airspace. 755 | US Defense Department officials said on Monday that the Bush administration has decided to lower the level of patrol of the air force fighters that started after the September 11 attacks, but it will still maintain a smaller number of patrols and allow aircraft to await orders on the runway. 756 | According to the Ministry of Defense, the Air Force has cost US $500 million (about NZ $900 million), but its patrols over Washington will continue. As for the New York area, air patrols will cease in addition to the emergency in the New York area. 757 | The airport and airlines have tightened security measures in the wake of the September 11 incident before the authorities decided to reduce or stop air patrols. 758 | Defense Ministry spokesman Clark told the reporter, "We are studying a plan that combines different approaches, including patrols of fighter planes over specific areas and interim decisions, as well as various levels of runway standby measures," said a spokesman for the Ministry of Defense. 759 | The runway standby means that the plane is in a state of readiness and is ready to take off at any time. 760 | She also said that security would be adjusted at any time according to the level of threat. 761 | Seven people killed and 30 injured in bus explosion 762 | (Jerusalem composite) police said that a suicide bomber detonated a bus yesterday in the Arab town of Umm Qasr, near the northern part of Israel, killing seven people and injuring some 30 people. 763 | Most of the buses at the time were Israeli Arabs. 764 | The Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack. 765 | The Palestinian Authority has condemned the violence. 766 | This is the most serious attack since the US special envoy to the Middle East arrived in the Middle East on Thursday to urge Israel and Palestine to reach a ceasefire agreement. 767 | A spokesman for the bus company said: "A suicide bomber blew himself up in the rear of the bus. 768 | The car was full at the time, and it was heading from Tel Aviv to the northern Israeli city of nazarres. " 769 | The spokesman also said that most of the passengers were Israeli Arabs who had to go to work. 770 | The explosion occurred near the "green line" area, close to the separation of Israel and the West Bank. 771 | The attack brought the death toll of the Palestinians to 1,562 since the beginning of the intifada in September of the previous year. 772 | US Senator: terrorists who are infected with smallpox can spread the virus at the airport 773 | (Washington, USA) a US senator, doctors of the United States, warned at a hearing on biological and chemical weapons the day before yesterday that terrorists infected with smallpox could spread the virus throughout the country through the transmission of deadly viruses or bacteria at the airport, which could lead to the death of tens of thousands or even millions of people. 774 | At the hearing, the friary said that terrorists who are infected with smallpox walk into an airport. Through coughing, sneezing, or even breathing, the virus may pass the virus to ten innocent passengers, and it may lead to the spread of the virus throughout the country and may lead to the death of tens of thousands or even millions of people. 775 | This may be the possible form of weapons of mass destruction, he said. 776 | It does not need to be launched through missiles, nor does it need to be as attractive as anthrax. 777 | The victims of the disease and the defence personnel who have prevented such weapons from being attacked may never be aware of the origin of the virus (bacteria). 778 | The experts told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee: This is part of the reason why biological and chemical weapons are so dangerous. 779 | Biden, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said that the prevention of biological and chemical weapons is an extremely urgent problem that must be addressed. 780 | The United States still needs to set up a missile defense system in order to prevent enemy missiles from carrying any kind of warheads to attack the United States. 781 | Hundreds of thousands of US and South Korean soldiers carry out large-scale exercises 782 | (Seoul, France) hundreds of thousands of American and Korean soldiers will start military exercises of the largest scale on Thursday to simulate the conflict between the DPRK and the DPRK. This has caused Pyongyang to attack as a provocative act of war. 783 | On the eve of a week's military exercise, US military officers said that the exercise was purely defensive in nature. However, it happened after the Seoul authorities warned that the Korean issue could not be ignored. 784 | This is the largest military exercise since the Korean war of 1950-53. Since it has not concluded a formal treaty to put an end to the Korean peninsula conflict, it has become the world's last line of the Cold War, with nearly 2 million troops on the border. 785 | The headquarters of the US-British coalition forces in Seoul said that the exercise to be held from 21 to 27 March will be the first time that two different joint military exercises will be used to test their effects. 786 | This means that hundreds of thousands of soldiers will participate, but the military has not disclosed the details. 787 | A spokesman for the coalition forces said that the exercise will mobilize almost every US and Korean military units and foreign troops on the Korean Peninsula. 788 | Three thousand seven thousand US troops are stationed in South Korea, preventing the North Korea, which has an army of 1.1 million troops, to launch an attack. 789 | There are also 650,000 troops in the Republic of Korea. 790 | The headquarters of the coalition forces claimed that this exercise is rs0i / fe02, which is a combination of computerized military exercises and the annual "infant Eagle" exercise. 791 | In the past few years, the RSOI exercise alone mobilized half a million Korean troops and 30,000 US troops (including 20,000 foreign troops). 792 | The DPRK accused the United States of holding a joint military exercise in order to provoke a war. 793 | The official "Labor News" even claimed that the US-ROK military exercise was a "declaration of war." 794 | The Chinese media praised the strategic missile force 795 | China's official media yesterday praised its strategic missile force in the argument that the US "nuclear power assessment" has listed China as the target of nuclear attack. 796 | The PLA Daily, the People's Daily, and other official daily newspapers published the "forged Republic Peace Shield" on their front pages and highly praised China's second artillery corps, including strategic missiles and nuclear weapons troops. 797 | This article describes the force's use of the "strategic missile training simulation system" to simulated a nuclear attack by an enemy state and a counter-attack by the "red army" or China. 798 | The "red army" used modern procedures to quickly formulate a combat plan and deploy a new missile launch vehicle in the mountains of the mountains. 799 | This article, which is full of technical words, describes the use of innovative anti-interference and anti-reconnaissance technology by the Second Artillery Corps. 800 | The article went on to say that a missile, "from the deep mountains of the mountains, accurately hit the target," successfully carried out a counter-attack. 801 | The Second Artillery Corps, with an estimated 100,000 petty officers, is the core of China's efforts to improve the combat technology of the armed forces. 802 | The article describing the process of the growth of China's missiles and nuclear forces since the late 1950s has been published at a time when Sino-US relations are again tense. 803 | In order to prevent the Koreans from "making a career" again, China has stepped up security at the embassy area. 804 | The Chinese police recently launched an internal review of the incident in which 25 Korean people broke into the Spanish embassy last week. 805 | It is estimated that in Beijing alone, more than 150 Koreans have to go to Korea, and the authorities have stepped up security at the main embassies of South Korea, Japan and the Western countries to prevent the recurrence of the incident. 806 | The Sing Tao Daily reported yesterday that according to news from the public security department, following the sudden attack of 25 Koreans in the western class on 14 March, the Beijing police further deployed security to the embassies of sensitive countries after "September 11". At the same time, they have also stepped up liaison with the officials of the North Korean and South Korean embassies. 807 | According to sources, the Korean embassy officials told Chinese officials that the South Korean side did not support the Koreans to go to South Korea. South Korea did not want such incidents to happen again, so as not to affect the relations between China and the Korean Peninsula. 808 | According to reports, there are about 10,000 Korean people living in the eastern district of Beijing and the Chaoyang district of Chaoyang District. Among them are Korean people from the north and south of China. There are also people from North Korea and South Korea who are mainly engaged in such business as Korean restaurants and bars. 809 | In the past, because of the small number of Korean people in Beijing and the fact that there were many criminal cases involving Xinjiang people and Henan people, the authorities did not take them as the focus of surveillance. 810 | The report said that after the incident on 14 March, the public security department will first assist the 25 Koreans' German doctors to "talk" to the public security department and then send him to the airport to ask him to leave the country immediately. 811 | Subsequently, the public security and security departments conducted an internal review. 812 | The review is mainly based on two aspects. One is the security of the ambassadors, and the other is the management of the Korean people in Beijing. 813 | In addition, the authorities have also asked relevant departments in Jilin and other regions to take effective measures to prevent illegal entry of North Korean people into Beijing. 814 | Yellow sand on the Korean Peninsula 815 | (Pyongyang, Seoul) after a fierce attack on the Korean peninsula yesterday, most parts of the Korean Peninsula, including Pyongyang, the capital of Korea, and Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea, were covered with brown and yellow dust. 816 | According to a report by the Xinhua News Agency, a strong sandstorm hit Pyongyang early yesterday morning. 817 | From the early morning, the whole of Pyongyang was enveloped by a grey area of dust. 818 | This is the first sandstorm that the DPRK has experienced since spring this year. 819 | Six routes grounded 820 | In addition, according to a report by the Beijing People's Daily Online, a large area of "Sandstorm" appeared in South Korea yesterday. In addition to the Incheon International Airport, six routes inside the country were grounded. 821 | There is a "Sandstorm" across the country. 822 | According to tests conducted by the Ministry of the environment of the Republic of Korea, the small amount of dust in the skies of Seoul yesterday was 17 times greater than the usual level, reaching 1,000 grams per cubic metre. This is the highest record in history. 823 | Under the influence of the National dust weather, in addition to the normal operation of the Incheon International Airport, South Korea has been grounded in six routes including Tai Qiu, Wai Shan, and Posco. More than 30 passengers from more than 30 flights have switched to other means of transportation. 824 | In addition, according to an Associated Press report, due to the excessive amount of dust in the air, the South Korean government yesterday ordered that kindergartens and primary schools in the country be suspended for one day in order to prevent children from being polluted. 825 | Since the beginning of this year, there have been three yellow dust storms in Seoul, South Korea. 826 | The South Korea Meteorological agency forecast yesterday that the large amount of dust resulting from a strong surge in desert areas such as China and Mongolia spread over the northern part of China and via the northwest wind to South Korea. 827 | This is enough to destroy the medium-sized urban small planet from the face of the earth. 828 | In Melbourne, Florida, a small planet that was large enough to destroy a medium-sized city, flying over the Earth at a close distance of 463,000 km, was not discovered earlier, and astronomers only learned about it four days later. 829 | This small planet, with a diameter of about 50 metres, comes from the direction of the sun, so it is difficult for astronomers to find it. 830 | The planet flew over the Earth on 8 March, but by the time it was discovered on 12 March, the planet had gone away. 831 | Williams, located at the center of the International Astronomical Society, Cambridge, Massachusetts, has helped to determine the location of this small planet. 832 | From the point of view of astronomy, the planet is very close to the earth, because the moon is 402,000 km from the earth. 833 | On Wednesday, Williams said to Florida's "Today's Daily," "The key is that the stars should be detected before the sun is issued." 834 | In this way, astronomers will be able to determine the orbit of a small planet as soon as possible and predict whether it will hit the Earth. 835 | In 1908, when a star, big or small, crashed into the earth, it struck a 32 km wide pit in the forest of Siberia. 836 | The minister of the Interior confirmed that the senior government advisor had been shot dead by "a Brigade". 837 | (Rome, new electricity) Italian Minister of the Interior scjala confirmed the day before yesterday that the senior advisor to the Italian government, Biji, was shot dead by a branch of the extreme left-wing guerrillas. 838 | Skjala said that the two men who were shot to death were even using a pistol similar to a political assassination that was used three years ago. 839 | On the other hand, Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi has taken the initiative to invite trade union leaders to return to the negotiating table after his assassination in Biji, to discuss the employment reform plan he has proposed. 840 | The 52 year old adviser to the Ministry of Labour, Biji, is also an economist and a professor of law. 841 | He was shot and killed by gunmen who were riding on a bicycle on Tuesday night when he was riding a bicycle to live in the northern city of boloia. It shocked the Italian political arena. 842 | It has assisted in the drafting of an employment reform programme, which has been strongly opposed by trade unions and left-wing elements. 843 | They were of the view that the programme would make it easier for employers to dismiss workers. 844 | Witnesses said that he was lying in a pool of blood in a pool of blood and his briefcase was on the side. 845 | The home of Biji was also found to be marked with the five-star logo of the brigade, but it is not clear at this point when it was put up. 846 | The brigade was established in 1973 and was involved in numerous bombings and assassinations in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s, including the kidnapping and killing of former Prime Minister Moo in 1978. 847 | Five years in prison for illegal acquisition of Chinese state secrets and bribery of American Chinese engineers 848 | The Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court ruled yesterday that an American Chinese engineer was sentenced to five years' imprisonment on charges of illegal acquisition of state secrets and bribery of a company. 849 | The case has aroused a protest from the United States. 850 | A spokesman for the US Embassy in China said that the party will be deported after the expiry of his sentence. 851 | The term of imprisonment will be adjusted in accordance with the time he has been imprisoned. 852 | The United States embassy sent a diplomat to hear the case. 853 | His lawyer said that his client had been in jail for two years, but China said that it had not been for such a long time. 854 | The Xinhua News Agency confirmed the verdict. 855 | It said that from 1995 to 1999, there were 35 documents containing state secrets and bribery of Chinese civil servants with US $245,000 (now about $450,000) to assist foreign investors in bidding for China's electricity projects. 856 | This is the power engineering consultant for foreign companies in China and elsewhere in Asia. 857 | William Cohen, a representative of the reinstated Party, said that the Party has repeatedly denied bribery and said that he is a victim of a corrupt Chinese power official. 858 | He said that he was a Chinese power official in the past and became a US citizen in 1994. 859 | In the past two years, a group of American citizens and residents have been accused of violating China's national security law. 860 | China and the United States have been detained for a period of time, which has caused tension in Sino-US relations. 861 | The US government has repeatedly protested against the handling of the case by the Chinese authorities, pointing out that the authorities' detention for a few months without trial runs counter to international norms. 862 | His family said that he had been subjected to harsh treatment. 863 | His wife and two children were United States citizens. 864 | Cohen said that he was detained on 28 February 2000, but the detention period proposed by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs was 28 August 2000. 865 | China does not want to confirm whether Hu Jintao will visit the United States according to the original plan. 866 | The relations between China and the United States were rapidly cooling down as a result of US President Bush's visit to China. China yesterday confirmed the cancellation of this year's plan to visit the US ports, and refused to confirm whether Vice President Hu Jintao would visit the United States as scheduled. 867 | In response to a question raised by a routine reporter, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said: "As far as I know, the Chinese naval fleet is preparing to visit the country as planned, and their plans do not include the ports of the United States." 868 | When a reporter asked her twice whether the plan for Hu Jintao's visit to the United States had been affected, he asked for clarification as to whether the earlier reply could be understood as the scheduled time for Hu Jintao's visit to the United States in April. 869 | Zhang Qiyue only repeatedly accused the US side of "taking a series of violations of the three joint communiques between China and the United States" in the short period of one month after Bush's visit to China, and asked the US side to "stop using the Taiwan issue to interfere in China's internal affairs." 870 | On the other hand, in Washington, in response to China's warning that Sino-US relations are blowing a cold wind, the United States did not pay attention on Wednesday and insisted that the United States would allow Taiwan's defense minister to take part in the "US-Taiwan defense summit" in Florida. 871 | Beijing has repeatedly criticized the United States for issuing a visa to Taiwan's defense minister Tang Yao-ming to attend a meeting hosted by US arms dealers earlier this month. 872 | Tang Yao-ming also met with two senior U.S. officials at the time. 873 | State Department spokesman Boucher was asked by reporters at a press conference to question China's complaints about the incident. However, he made great efforts to avoid fighting with China. 874 | He said: "After the talks, our position is well known. 875 | You have to ask me every day. I am willing to explain every day that China has to ask this question every day, and we are willing to explain it every day. " 876 | "Our position has not changed. These are normal contacts between US and the people of Taiwan, and we will continue to do so," he said. 877 | Zhang Qiyue also confirmed yesterday that the Russian media reported that Chinese President Jiang Zemin had talked with him at the request of Russian President Putin. The two sides exchanged views on the issue of mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Russia. 878 | Both sides agreed that mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Russia conforms to the interests of the two countries and the two peoples. 879 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/detokenizer.perl: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/perl -w 2 | 3 | # Sample De-Tokenizer 4 | # written by Josh Schroeder, based on code by Philipp Koehn 5 | 6 | binmode(STDIN, ":utf8"); 7 | binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8"); 8 | use strict; 9 | 10 | my $language = "en"; 11 | my $QUIET = 0; 12 | my $HELP = 0; 13 | 14 | while (@ARGV) { 15 | $_ = shift; 16 | /^-l$/ && ($language = shift, next); 17 | /^-q$/ && ($QUIET = 1, next); 18 | /^-h$/ && ($HELP = 1, next); 19 | } 20 | 21 | if ($HELP) { 22 | print "Usage ./detokenizer.perl (-l [en|de|...]) < tokenizedfile > detokenizedfile\n"; 23 | exit; 24 | } 25 | if (!$QUIET) { 26 | print STDERR "Detokenizer Version 1.0\n"; 27 | print STDERR "Language: $language\n"; 28 | } 29 | 30 | while() { 31 | if (/^<.+>$/ || /^\s*$/) { 32 | #don't try to detokenize XML/HTML tag lines 33 | print $_; 34 | } 35 | else { 36 | print &detokenize($_); 37 | } 38 | } 39 | 40 | sub detokenize { 41 | my($text) = @_; 42 | chomp($text); 43 | $text = " $text "; 44 | 45 | my $word; 46 | my $i; 47 | my @words = split(/ /,$text); 48 | $text = ""; 49 | my %quoteCount = ("\'"=>0,"\""=>0); 50 | my $prependSpace = " "; 51 | for ($i=0;$i<(scalar(@words));$i++) { 52 | if ($words[$i] =~ /^[\p{IsSc}\(\[\{\¿\¡]+$/) { 53 | #perform right shift on currency and other random punctuation items 54 | $text = $text.$prependSpace.$words[$i]; 55 | $prependSpace = ""; 56 | } elsif ($words[$i] =~ /^[\,\.\?\!\:\;\\\%\}\]\)]+$/){ 57 | #perform left shift on punctuation items 58 | $text=$text.$words[$i]; 59 | $prependSpace = " "; 60 | } elsif (($language eq "en") && ($i>0) && ($words[$i] =~ /^[\'][\p{IsAlpha}]/) && ($words[$i-1] =~ /[\p{IsAlnum}]$/)) { 61 | #left-shift the contraction for English 62 | $text=$text.$words[$i]; 63 | $prependSpace = " "; 64 | } elsif (($language eq "fr") && ($i<(scalar(@words)-2)) && ($words[$i] =~ /[\p{IsAlpha}][\']$/) && ($words[$i+1] =~ /^[\p{IsAlpha}]/)) { 65 | #right-shift the contraction for French 66 | $text = $text.$prependSpace.$words[$i]; 67 | $prependSpace = ""; 68 | } elsif ($words[$i] =~ /^[\'\"]+$/) { 69 | #combine punctuation smartly 70 | if (($quoteCount{$words[$i]} % 2) eq 0) { 71 | if(($language eq "en") && ($words[$i] eq "'") && ($i > 0) && ($words[$i-1] =~ /[s]$/)) { 72 | #single quote for posesssives ending in s... "The Jones' house" 73 | #left shift 74 | $text=$text.$words[$i]; 75 | $prependSpace = " "; 76 | } else { 77 | #right shift 78 | $text = $text.$prependSpace.$words[$i]; 79 | $prependSpace = ""; 80 | $quoteCount{$words[$i]} = $quoteCount{$words[$i]} + 1; 81 | 82 | } 83 | } else { 84 | #left shift 85 | $text=$text.$words[$i]; 86 | $prependSpace = " "; 87 | $quoteCount{$words[$i]} = $quoteCount{$words[$i]} + 1; 88 | 89 | } 90 | 91 | } else { 92 | $text=$text.$prependSpace.$words[$i]; 93 | $prependSpace = " "; 94 | } 95 | } 96 | 97 | # clean up spaces at head and tail of each line as well as any double-spacing 98 | $text =~ s/ +/ /g; 99 | $text =~ s/\n /\n/g; 100 | $text =~ s/ \n/\n/g; 101 | $text =~ s/^ //g; 102 | $text =~ s/ $//g; 103 | 104 | #add trailing break 105 | $text .= "\n" unless $text =~ /\n$/; 106 | 107 | return $text; 108 | } 109 | 110 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/lowercase.perl: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/perl -w 2 | 3 | use strict; 4 | 5 | binmode(STDIN, ":utf8"); 6 | binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8"); 7 | 8 | while() { 9 | print lc($_); 10 | } 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/normalize-zh.sed: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sed -f 2 | s/&/\&/g 3 | s/<//g 5 | s/"/"/g 6 | s/'/'/g 7 | s/“/“/g 8 | s/”/”/g 9 | s/１/1/g 10 | s/２/2/g 11 | s/３/3/g 12 | s/４/4/g 13 | s/５/5/g 14 | s/６/6/g 15 | s/７/7/g 16 | s/８/8/g 17 | s/９/9/g 18 | s/０/0/g 19 | s/ａ/a/g 20 | s/ｂ/b/g 21 | s/ｃ/c/g 22 | s/ｄ/d/g 23 | s/ｅ/e/g 24 | s/ｆ/f/g 25 | s/ｇ/g/g 26 | s/ｈ/h/g 27 | s/ｉ/i/g 28 | s/ｊ/j/g 29 | s/ｋ/k/g 30 | s/ｌ/l/g 31 | s/ｍ/m/g 32 | s/ｎ/n/g 33 | s/ｏ/o/g 34 | s/ｐ/p/g 35 | s/ｑ/q/g 36 | s/ｒ/r/g 37 | s/ｓ/s/g 38 | s/ｔ/t/g 39 | s/ｕ/u/g 40 | s/ｖ/v/g 41 | s/ｗ/w/g 42 | s/ｘ/x/g 43 | s/ｙ/y/g 44 | s/ｚ/z/g 45 | s/Ａ/A/g 46 | s/Ｂ/B/g 47 | s/Ｃ/C/g 48 | s/Ｄ/D/g 49 | s/Ｅ/E/g 50 | s/Ｆ/F/g 51 | s/Ｇ/G/g 52 | s/Ｈ/H/g 53 | s/Ｉ/I/g 54 | s/Ｊ/J/g 55 | s/Ｋ/K/g 56 | s/Ｌ/L/g 57 | s/Ｍ/M/g 58 | s/Ｎ/N/g 59 | s/Ｏ/O/g 60 | s/Ｐ/P/g 61 | s/Ｑ/Q/g 62 | s/Ｒ/R/g 63 | s/Ｓ/S/g 64 | s/Ｔ/T/g 65 | s/Ｕ/U/g 66 | s/Ｖ/V/g 67 | s/Ｗ/W/g 68 | s/Ｘ/X/g 69 | s/Ｙ/Y/g 70 | s/Ｚ/Z/g 71 | s/．/./g 72 | s/·/./g 73 | s/•/./g 74 | s/·/./g 75 | s/・/./g 76 | s/％/%/g 77 | s/＠/@/g 78 | s/－/-/g 79 | s/—/-/g 80 | s/━/-/g 81 | s/（/(/g 82 | s/）/)/g 83 | s/〈/(/g 84 | s/〉/)/g 85 | s/?\(?\+\)/\1/g 86 | s/\(\)?/\1/g 87 | s/?/？/g 88 | s//?/g 89 | s/!/！/g 90 | s/‘/'/g 91 | s/’/'/g 92 | s/『/'/g 93 | s/』/'/g 94 | s/「/“/g 95 | s/」/”/g 96 | s/《/“/g 97 | s/》/”/g 98 | s/"\([^"]*\)"/“\1”/g 99 | s/■//g 100 | s/＿//g 101 | s/［/[/g 102 | s/］/]/g 103 | s/,\([^0-9]\| \|$\)/，\1/g 104 | s/--[ \-]*/--/g 105 | s/\*//g 106 | s/[（(]金字旁容[）)]/镕/g 107 | s///g 108 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/recase-stdin.perl: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/perl -w 2 | # Moses recaser script, calling Moses SMT decoder binary 3 | # Modified to accept input from standard input by Christian Hadiwinoto 4 | # $Id$ 5 | use strict; 6 | use Getopt::Long "GetOptions"; 7 | 8 | my ($SRC,$RECASE_MODEL); 9 | my $MOSES = "moses"; 10 | my $LANGUAGE = "en"; # English by default; 11 | die("recase-stdin.perl --model ini-file > out") 12 | unless &GetOptions('headline=s' => \$SRC, 13 | 'lang=s' => \$LANGUAGE, 14 | 'moses=s' => \$MOSES, 15 | 'model=s' => \$RECASE_MODEL) 16 | && defined($RECASE_MODEL); 17 | 18 | my %treated_languages = map { ($_,1) } qw/en cs/; 19 | die "I don't know any rules for $LANGUAGE. Use 'en' as the default." 20 | if ! defined $treated_languages{$LANGUAGE}; 21 | 22 | # lowercase even in headline 23 | my %ALWAYS_LOWER; 24 | if ($LANGUAGE eq "en" ) { 25 | foreach ("a","after","against","al-.+","and","any","as","at","be","because","between","by","during","el-.+","for","from","his","in","is","its","last","not","of","off","on","than","the","their","this","to","was","were","which","will","with") { $ALWAYS_LOWER{$_} = 1; } 26 | } 27 | 28 | # find out about the headlines 29 | my @HEADLINE; 30 | if (defined($SRC)) { 31 | open(SRC,$SRC); 32 | my $headline_flag = 0; 33 | while() { 34 | $headline_flag = 1 if //; 35 | $headline_flag = 0 if /<.hl>/; 36 | next unless /^) { 48 | chomp; 49 | s/\s+$//; 50 | my @WORD = split(/ /); 51 | 52 | # uppercase initial word 53 | &uppercase(\$WORD[0]); 54 | 55 | if ($LANGUAGE ne "cs") { 56 | # uppercase after period 57 | # unless in Czech where '.' is used after all ordinals 58 | for(my $i=1;$i ${INPUT}.subword 20 | python2 ${NEMATUS_DECODER} -m ${MODELS} -i ${INPUT}.subword -o ${OUTPUT}.subword \ 21 | -dl ${DEVICES} -k ${BEAM_SIZE} -n -p 4 22 | 23 | # Post-process N-best list for augmenting 24 | cat ${OUTPUT}.subword \ 25 | | sed "s:@@ ::g" > ${OUTPUT} 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/translate-rerank.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | TOPDIR=`dirname $0`/.. 3 | EXPSET=$1 # nist or unpc 4 | INPUT=$2 # name of input file, word-segmented but not subword-fragmented 5 | OUTPUT=$3 # name of output file 6 | if [[ ! -z $4 ]]; then 7 | DEVICES=$4 8 | else 9 | DEVICES=cpu 10 | fi 11 | 12 | TMPDIR=/tmp # feel free to change this 13 | 14 | NEMATUS_DIR=${TOPDIR}/tools/nematus 15 | NEMATUS_DECODER=${NEMATUS_DIR}/nematus/translate.py 16 | RERANKER_DIR=${TOPDIR}/tools/nbest-reranker 17 | RERANKER=${RERANKER_DIR}/rerank.py 18 | AUGMENTER=${RERANKER_DIR}/augmenter.py 19 | 20 | RERANKER_MODEL_DIR=${TOPDIR}/models/reranker/${EXPSET} 21 | 22 | LM_FILE=${RERANKER_MODEL_DIR}/binlm 23 | RERANKER_FEATSTR="LM('LM0','${LM_FILE}',normalize=True)" 24 | 25 | # Generate N-best list 26 | NBEST_SIZE=50 27 | MODELS=`ls ${TOPDIR}/models/translation/${EXPSET}/model-*.best.npz | xargs` 28 | NBEST_TXT=${OUTPUT}.nbest 29 | 30 | bash ${TOPDIR}/scripts/subword.sh ${EXPSET} < ${INPUT} > ${INPUT}.subword 31 | python2 ${NEMATUS_DECODER} -m ${MODELS} -i ${INPUT}.subword -o ${NBEST_TXT} \ 32 | -dl ${DEVICES} -k ${NBEST_SIZE} --n-best -n -p 4 33 | 34 | # Post-process N-best list for augmenting 35 | cat ${NBEST_TXT} \ 36 | | sed "s:@@ ::g" | sed "s:|||\s*\([0-9\.]\+\)\s*$:||| NMT0= \1:" \ 37 | > ${NBEST_TXT}.postproc 38 | 39 | # Rerank N-best 40 | BASE_IN=`basename ${NBEST_TXT}.augment` 41 | python2 ${AUGMENTER} -s ${INPUT} -f "${RERANKER_FEATSTR}" -i ${NBEST_TXT}.postproc -o ${NBEST_TXT}.augment 42 | python2 ${RERANKER} -i ${NBEST_TXT}.augment -w ${RERANKER_MODEL_DIR}/weights.txt -o /tmp/rerank.${NBEST_TXT} 43 | mv /tmp/rerank.${NBEST_TXT}/${BASE_IN}.reranked.1best ${OUTPUT} 44 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/vars: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | SRC="zh" 2 | TGT="en" 3 | VOCAB_SIZE_S=60959 4 | VOCAB_SIZE_T=52963 5 | nematus="../tools/nematus" 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tools/segmenter/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Instructions for using the Chinese word segementer 2 | -------------------------------------------------- 3 | 4 | Jin Kiat Low 5 | Hwee Tou Ng 6 | National University of Singapore 7 | 8 | 21 August 2006 9 | 10 | 11 | This Chinese word segmenter is provided for use in research or 12 | non-commerical purpose. If your publication uses this segmenter, 13 | please give a citation to the following paper which describes the 14 | details of the segmenter: 15 | 16 | Low, Jin Kiat, & Ng, Hwee Tou, & Guo, Wenyuan (2005). A Maximum 17 | Entropy Approach to Chinese Word Segmentation. Proceedings of the 18 | Fourth SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing. 19 | (pp. 161-164). Jeju Island, Korea. 20 | http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nght/pubs/sighan05.pdf 21 | 22 | 23 | Requirement 24 | ----------- 25 | 26 | * Python >= 2.6 27 | 28 | 29 | Running the Chinese word segmenter 30 | ---------------------------------- 31 | 32 | python2 segment.py -m ctbModel -l lex.GB.txt < infile > outfile 33 | 34 | The following model file is available: 35 | 36 | ctbModel 37 | 38 | They were trained on CTB training data of SIGHAN bakeoff 1. The 39 | encoding used is gb. 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tools/segmenter/ctbModel: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nusnlp/c2e-mt-benchmark/6f07dee2ade130809632a87708115e3b4f30b06c/tools/segmenter/ctbModel -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tools/segmenter/lex.GB.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nusnlp/c2e-mt-benchmark/6f07dee2ade130809632a87708115e3b4f30b06c/tools/segmenter/lex.GB.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tools/segmenter/segment.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | # coding=utf8 3 | # 4 | # Author: Wang Pidong 5 | # Date: 2012-02-08 6 | # Description: rewriting the lowjk-segmenter into Python 7 | # Now we only need three files to do Chinese word segmentation: 8 | # (1) this python script; (2) a Maximum Entropy model file (text format, GBK encoding); 9 | # (3) the Chinese lexicon (in GBK encoding). 10 | # The input is from the standard input (UTF-8 encoding Chinese sentences). 11 | # The output is printed to the standard output. 12 | 13 | import os 14 | import sys 15 | import re 16 | import math 17 | import types 18 | import time 19 | import threading 20 | from multiprocessing import Pool 21 | from optparse import OptionParser 22 | 23 | ### setup the arguments 24 | default_MODEL_FILE='tools/segmenter/ctbModel' 25 | default_LEX='tools/segmenter/lex.GB.txt' 26 | parser = OptionParser() 27 | parser.add_option("-m", "--model", action="store", dest="model", 28 | default=default_MODEL_FILE, help="set the Chinese segmentation model file (Zhang Le's maxent format)") 29 | parser.add_option("-l", "--lexicon", action="store", dest="lexicon", 30 | default=default_LEX, help="set the Chinese lexicon to assist the segmentation process") 31 | parser.add_option("-n", "--number-threads", action="store", type="int", dest="number_threads", 32 | default=1, help="set the number of threads") 33 | #parser.add_option("-c", "--Chinese", action="store_true", dest="is_chinese", 34 | # default=False, help="whether the language is Chinese") 35 | 36 | (options, args) = parser.parse_args() 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | ####################### Class of Maxent #################################################### 41 | exp = math.exp 42 | DBM_MAX = 1.0E+304 43 | verbose = 1 44 | class ItemMap: #{{{ 45 | """ 46 | doc test string {{{ 47 | >>> m = ItemMap() 48 | >>> len(m) 49 | 0 50 | >>> m.add('a') 51 | 0 52 | >>> m.add('a') 53 | 0 54 | >>> m.add('b') 55 | 1 56 | >>> len(m) 57 | 2 58 | >>> m[0] 59 | 'a' 60 | >>> m[1] 61 | 'b' 62 | >>> m[2] 63 | >>> 64 | }}} 65 | """ 66 | def __init__(self): 67 | self.index = [] # store item 68 | self.dict = {} # map item to index 69 | 70 | def __str__(self): 71 | # TODO: avoid using += for speed 72 | s = '[ItemMap]\n' 73 | for i in xrange(len(self.index)): 74 | s += '%d: %s\n' % (i,self.index[i]) 75 | return s 76 | 77 | def __len__(self): 78 | return len(self.index) 79 | 80 | def __getitem__(self, i): 81 | if i < 0 or i >= len(self.index): 82 | return None 83 | else: 84 | return self.index[i] 85 | 86 | def id(self, item): 87 | try: 88 | return self.dict[item] 89 | except KeyError: 90 | return None 91 | 92 | def add(self, item): 93 | if self.dict.has_key(item): 94 | return self.dict[item] 95 | else: 96 | i = len(self.index) 97 | self.dict[item] = i 98 | self.index.append(item) 99 | return i 100 | #}}} 101 | 102 | class Maxent: 103 | def __init__(self, model_file_name): 104 | # the row format of paramater array: 105 | # pred_id (outcome_id1, param1),..., (outcome_idn, paramn) 106 | # each pred_id may have multiply outcomes and corresponding params 107 | self.params = None 108 | self.pred_map = self.outcome_map = None 109 | self.model_file_name = model_file_name 110 | def __str__(self): 111 | if self.params is None: 112 | return 'Empty Model (Python Version)' 113 | n = 0 114 | for i in xrange(len(self.params)): 115 | n += len(self.params[i]) 116 | 117 | return"""Conditional Maximum Entropy Model (Python Version) 118 | Number of context predicates : %d 119 | Number of outcome : %d 120 | Number of paramaters(features): %d""" \ 121 | % (len(self.pred_map), len(self.outcome_map),n) 122 | def start(self): 123 | self.load(self.model_file_name) 124 | def predict_features(self, str_features): 125 | return self.predict(str_features.split(" ")) 126 | def check_modeltype(self, model): 127 | return 0 128 | def load(self, model, param = ''): 129 | """Load a ME model from model file previously saved by Maxent Trainer. 130 | 131 | param is optional if the parameter file is not default .param 132 | """ 133 | binary = self.check_modeltype(model) 134 | if binary: 135 | raise "binary format not supported yet" 136 | # load_model_bin(model); 137 | else: 138 | self.load_model_txt(model) 139 | def load_model_txt(self, model, encoding='gbk'): 140 | #print 'loading txt model from %s' % (model) 141 | self.pred_map = ItemMap() 142 | self.outcome_map = ItemMap() 143 | self.params = [] 144 | f = open(model) 145 | # skip header comments 146 | line = f.readline()[:-1] 147 | if 'txt,maxent' not in line: 148 | raise """This is pure python version of maxent module, only txt maxent model can be accepted""" 149 | while line == '' or line[0] == '#': 150 | line = f.readline()[:-1] 151 | 152 | # read context predicates 153 | count_features = int(line) 154 | for i in range(count_features): 155 | line = f.readline() 156 | line = line.decode(encoding, 'ignore') 157 | line = line[:-1] 158 | #print i, line.encode('utf8') 159 | self.pred_map.add(line) 160 | 161 | # read outcomes 162 | line = f.readline()[:-1] 163 | count = int(line) 164 | for i in range(count): 165 | line = f.readline() 166 | line = line[:-1] 167 | self.outcome_map.add(line) 168 | # read parameters 169 | #count = len(self.pred_map) 170 | count = count_features 171 | assert count > 0 172 | fid = 0 173 | for i in range(count): 174 | line = f.readline() 175 | line = line.split() 176 | params = [] 177 | for i in range(1, len(line)): 178 | oid = int(line[i]) 179 | params.append((oid, fid)) 180 | fid += 1 181 | self.params.append(params) 182 | # load theta 183 | theta = [] 184 | n_theta = int(f.readline()) 185 | theta = [0] * n_theta 186 | for i in range(n_theta): 187 | theta[i] = float(f.readline()) 188 | # put theta into params 189 | # TODO: possible speed up? 190 | for param in self.params: 191 | for i in range(len(param)): 192 | param[i] = (param[i][0], theta[param[i][1]]) 193 | def eval(self, context): 194 | """Evaluates given context and return a outcome distribution. 195 | 196 | i.e. Pr(outcome | context) 197 | context is a list of string names of the contextual predicates 198 | contextual predicates which are not seen during training are 199 | simply dropped off. 200 | eval() return a list of all possible outcomes with their probabilities: 201 | [(outcome1, prob1), (outcome2, prob2),...] 202 | the return list is sorted on their probabilities in descendant order. 203 | """ 204 | assert type(context) == types.ListType or type(context) == types.TupleType 205 | n_outcome = len(self.outcome_map) 206 | probs = [0.0] * n_outcome 207 | #outcome_sum = zeros(len(self.outcome_map), float) 208 | for c in context: 209 | pid = self.pred_map.id(c) 210 | if pid is not None: 211 | param = self.params[pid] 212 | for j in range(len(param)): 213 | probs[param[j][0]] += param[j][1] 214 | sum = 0.0 215 | for i in range(n_outcome): 216 | try: 217 | probs[i] = exp(probs[i]) 218 | except OverflowError: 219 | probs[i] = DBL_MAX 220 | sum += probs[i] 221 | for i in range(n_outcome): 222 | probs[i] /= sum 223 | #TODO: optimize here exp(outcome_sum,outcome_sum) does not work 224 | outcomes = [] 225 | for i in range(n_outcome): 226 | outcomes.append((self.outcome_map[i], probs[i])) 227 | outcomes.sort(lambda x,y: -cmp(x[1], y[1])) 228 | return outcomes 229 | def predict(self, context): 230 | """Evaluates given context and return the most possible outcome y 231 | 232 | This function is a thin wrapper for eval(). 233 | """ 234 | return self.eval(context)[0][0] 235 | ####################### end of Class Maxent ################################################ 236 | ################################### time ################################################### 237 | class Time_it: 238 | def start(self): 239 | self.s = time.time() 240 | def stop_restart(self): 241 | self.e = time.time() 242 | r = "%.3f seconds" % (self.e-self.s) 243 | self.s = time.time() 244 | return r 245 | def stop(self): 246 | self.e = time.time() 247 | return "%.3f seconds" % (self.e-self.s) 248 | class CHINESE_WORD_SEGMENTER: 249 | segmenter = None 250 | timer = Time_it() 251 | def __init__(self, model_file_name='', lexFile=""): 252 | if len(model_file_name)==0: 253 | print >>sys.stderr, 'ERROR: the segmenter must need a model file name when it is constructed.' 254 | sys.exit(-1) 255 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: start to load the model file', model_file_name, '......' 256 | self.segmenter = Maxent(model_file_name) 257 | self.segmenter.start() 258 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: loading is completed!' 259 | if len(lexFile)>0: 260 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: start to load the Chinese lexicon:', lexFile 261 | self.m_dict = True; 262 | # set up dict list if dict present 263 | self.m_lex=set() 264 | for line in open(lexFile): 265 | line=line.decode('gbk') 266 | line=line.strip() 267 | self.m_lex.add(line) 268 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: loading is completed!' 269 | en_enum = \ 270 | (':=&\/?@0123456789' + \ 271 | 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' + \ 272 | 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' + \ 273 | 'ａｂｃｄｅｆｇｈｉｊｋｌｍｎｏｐｑｒｓｔｕｖｗｘｙｚ' + \ 274 | 'ＡＢＣＤＥＦＧＨＩＪＫＬＭＮＯＰＱＲＳＴＵＶＷＸＹＺ').decode('utf8') 275 | en_seq = '[%s][\\s%s]*[%s]' % (en_enum, en_enum, en_enum) 276 | self.m_pattern_en_seq=re.compile(en_seq, re.UNICODE) 277 | def segment(self, input): 278 | # precleaning 279 | input = self.m_preclean.sub(' ', input) 280 | ###################################################### 281 | # call segmenter to segment one Chinese sentence 282 | # generate features 283 | #self.timer.start() 284 | feature_list = self.FeatureGenerator(input) 285 | #for features in feature_list: 286 | # print >>sys.stderr, ' '.join(features).encode('utf8') 287 | # call maxent of segmenter 288 | predictor=[] 289 | for features in feature_list: 290 | r = self.segmenter.eval(features) 291 | #print r 292 | if len(r)!=4: 293 | print >>sys.stderr, "ERROR: the scores returned by the maxent are wrong" 294 | sys.exit(-1) 295 | ps=pe=pb=pm=-1.0 296 | tag2prob={} 297 | for l,p in r: 298 | tag2prob[l]=math.log(p) 299 | predictor.append(tag2prob) 300 | # decoding 301 | segmented_sentence=self.Segmenter(predictor, input) 302 | # correct English words 303 | corrected_segmented_sentence=self.correct_en_seg(input, segmented_sentence) 304 | #print >>sys.stderr, "SEGMENTER: it costs", self.timer.stop() 305 | return corrected_segmented_sentence 306 | def remove_whitespace(self, input): 307 | return self.m_pattern_whitespace.sub('', input) 308 | def correct_en_seg(self, right_lines, wrong_lines): 309 | r = "" 310 | for correct_line, wrong_line in zip(right_lines.split("\n"), wrong_lines.split("\n")): 311 | correct_line_nospace=self.remove_whitespace(correct_line) 312 | wrong_line_nospace=self.remove_whitespace(wrong_line) 313 | #print >>sys.stderr, 'DEBUG001:', correct_line_nospace.encode('utf8') 314 | #print >>sys.stderr, 'DEBUG002:', wrong_line_nospace.encode('utf8') 315 | if not (correct_line_nospace == wrong_line_nospace): 316 | print >>sys.stderr, "Warning: correct_en_seg: correct_line is different from wrong_line after whitespaces are removed, so we directly use the wrong_line instead" 317 | print >>sys.stderr, "correct_line:", correct_line.encode('utf8') 318 | print >>sys.stderr, "wrong_line :", wrong_line.encode('utf8') 319 | return wrong_line 320 | correct_segs = self.m_pattern_en_seq.findall(correct_line) 321 | wrong_segs = self.m_pattern_en_seq.findall(wrong_line) 322 | if not len(correct_segs) == len(wrong_segs): 323 | print >>sys.stderr, "Warning: correct_en_seg: the number of the English segments are different, so we directly use the wrong_line instead" 324 | print >>sys.stderr, "correct_line:", correct_line.encode('utf8') 325 | print >>sys.stderr, "wrong_line :", wrong_line.encode('utf8') 326 | return wrong_line 327 | for correct_seg, wrong_seg in zip(correct_segs, wrong_segs): 328 | correct_seg_nospace=self.remove_whitespace(correct_seg) 329 | wrong_seg_nospace=self.remove_whitespace(wrong_seg) 330 | if not correct_seg_nospace == wrong_seg_nospace: 331 | print >>sys.stderr, "Warning: correct_en_seg: correct_seg does not match wrong_seg" 332 | print >>sys.stderr, "correct_seg:", correct_seg.encode('utf8') 333 | print >>sys.stderr, "wrong_seg :", wrong_seg.encode('utf8') 334 | return wrong_line 335 | if correct_seg != wrong_seg: 336 | wrong_line = wrong_line.replace(wrong_seg, correct_seg) 337 | r += wrong_line 338 | return r 339 | def FeatureGenerator(self, input_sentence): 340 | output_feature_list=[] 341 | # produce features for training file 342 | input=input_sentence 343 | inputLen = len(input)+1 344 | tag = [None]*inputLen 345 | clChar = [None]*inputLen; 346 | words_list = input.split() 347 | wordNum = 0 348 | eventCount = 0 349 | for i in range(len(words_list)): 350 | word = words_list[i]; 351 | # generate clChar[], and some tags 352 | j=0 353 | while j='０'.decode('utf8') and currentChar<='９'.decode('utf8')) or (currentChar>='0' and currentChar<='9'): 368 | clChar[wordNum] = "0"; # all digits rep as 0 369 | j += 1 370 | 371 | # determinating the class tag 372 | if j == len(word): 373 | # right boundary 374 | if left: 375 | tag[wordNum] = "s"; 376 | else: 377 | tag[wordNum] = "e"; 378 | else: 379 | # not right boundary 380 | if left: 381 | tag[wordNum] = "b"; 382 | else: 383 | tag[wordNum] = "m"; 384 | if clChar[wordNum] in self.m_unicode2ascii: 385 | clChar[wordNum]=self.m_unicode2ascii[clChar[wordNum]] 386 | wordNum += 1 387 | 388 | c0=None; 389 | c1=None; 390 | c2=None; 391 | c_1=None; 392 | c_2=None; 393 | numberSymbol=None; 394 | 395 | for k in range(0, wordNum): # write each word and encoding info out 396 | c0 = clChar[k]; 397 | # find c_2 c_1 c0 c1 c2 398 | if k - 2 >= 0: 399 | c_2 = clChar[k - 2]; 400 | c_1 = clChar[k - 1]; 401 | elif k - 1 >=0: 402 | c_2 = "_"; 403 | c_1 = clChar[k - 1]; 404 | else: 405 | c_1 = "_"; 406 | c_2 = "_"; # denote empty 407 | if k + 2 < wordNum: 408 | c1 = clChar[k + 1]; 409 | c2 = clChar[k + 2]; 410 | elif k + 1 < wordNum: 411 | c1 = clChar[k + 1]; 412 | c2 = "_"; 413 | else: 414 | c1 = "_"; 415 | c2 = "_"; 416 | # number and punctuation related features 417 | numberSymbol_list=[] 418 | for c in [c_2, c_1, c0, c1, c2]: 419 | if c in self.m_number: 420 | numberSymbol = "1"; 421 | elif c in self.m_date: 422 | numberSymbol = "2"; 423 | elif c in self.m_alphabet: 424 | numberSymbol = "3"; 425 | else: 426 | numberSymbol = "4"; 427 | numberSymbol_list.append(numberSymbol) 428 | numberSymbol=''.join(numberSymbol_list) 429 | # obtain feature context 430 | feature_list=[tag[k], "a="+c0, "b="+c_2, "c="+c_1, "d="+c1, "e="+c2, "f="+c_1+c0, "g="+c0+c1, "h="+c_2+c_1, "i="+c1+c2, "j="+c_1+c1] 431 | if c0 in self.m_punctuation: 432 | feature_list.append("o=1") 433 | feature_list.append("p="+numberSymbol) 434 | # obtain dictionary feats if dict provided 435 | # Arabic digits ignored 436 | if c0!="0" and self.m_dict: 437 | seqLen = 0; 438 | scan = k; 439 | backBest = 0 440 | frontBest = 0; 441 | minLen = 0; 442 | repeat = ""; 443 | 444 | # back search 445 | while seqLen < 5 and scan > -1: 446 | repeat = clChar[scan]+repeat 447 | scan -= 1 448 | seqLen += 1 449 | if seqLen > minLen: 450 | if repeat in self.m_lex: 451 | backBest = seqLen; 452 | scan = k; 453 | seqLen = 0; 454 | repeat = ""; 455 | while seqLen < 5 and scan < wordNum: 456 | repeat=repeat+clChar[scan]; 457 | scan += 1 458 | seqLen += 1 459 | if seqLen > minLen: 460 | if repeat in self.m_lex: 461 | frontBest = seqLen; 462 | 463 | centerBest = 0; 464 | if (k != 0) and (k != wordNum - 1): 465 | centre = clChar[k - 1] + clChar[k] + clChar[k + 1]; 466 | if centre in self.m_lex: 467 | centerBest = 3; 468 | if k > 1: 469 | if (clChar[k - 2] + centre) in self.m_lex: 470 | centerBest = 4; 471 | if k < wordNum - 2: 472 | if (centre + clChar[k + 2]) in self.m_lex: 473 | centerBest = 4; 474 | # obtain relevant dict features 475 | if frontBest > 0 or backBest > 0 or centerBest > 0: 476 | if frontBest == 1 and backBest == 1 and centerBest == 0: 477 | feature_list.extend(["r="+c_1+"_s", "s="+c0+"_s", "t="+c1+"_s"]) 478 | elif frontBest > backBest and frontBest > centerBest: 479 | feature_list.extend(["r="+c_1+"_b", "s="+c0+"_b", "t="+c1+"_b"]) 480 | elif backBest >= centerBest: 481 | feature_list.extend(["r="+c_1+"_e", "s="+c0+"_e", "t="+c1+"_e"]) 482 | else: 483 | feature_list.extend(["r="+c_1+"_m", "s="+c0+"_m", "t="+c1+"_m"]) 484 | output_feature_list.append(feature_list); 485 | eventCount += 1 486 | return output_feature_list 487 | def Segmenter(self, predictor, input_sentence): 488 | if len(input_sentence.strip())!=0: 489 | input_sentence = self.remove_whitespace(input_sentence) 490 | else: 491 | return "" 492 | length=len(input_sentence); 493 | w=0; 494 | clChar = input_sentence 495 | words = [None]*(length + 1); 496 | best = [0.0]*(length + 1); 497 | bestLength = [0]*(length + 1); 498 | tag = [None]*length; 499 | best[0] = 0.0; 500 | bestLength[0] = 0; 501 | # apply segmentation testing algorithm 502 | for i in range(0, length+1): 503 | firstTime = True; 504 | for j in range(i-1, -1, -1): 505 | w = i - j; 506 | if w > 20: # word of length 20 is deemed not valid here 507 | break; 508 | text = "" 509 | for m in range(j, i): 510 | text = text + clChar[m]; 511 | left = False; 512 | right = False; 513 | # obtain tag of this word 514 | for n in range(j, i): 515 | if n == j:# left Boundary 516 | left = True; 517 | if n == i - 1: # last char, right boundary 518 | right = True; 519 | if right: 520 | if left: 521 | tag[n] = "s"; 522 | else: 523 | tag[n] = "e"; 524 | else: 525 | # not right 526 | if left: 527 | tag[n] = "b"; 528 | else: 529 | tag[n] = "m"; 530 | left = False; 531 | right = False; 532 | # evaluate log probability of this text string 533 | prob = best[i - w]; 534 | for k in range(j, i): # write each word and encoding info out 535 | # eval returns log prob 536 | #print >>sys.stderr, 'DEBUG6:',k,tag[k] 537 | stringProb = predictor[k][tag[k]]; 538 | prob = prob + stringProb; 539 | if (not firstTime) and (prob < best[i]): 540 | break 541 | if (prob >= best[i]) or firstTime: # firstTime=> no data in yet 542 | best[i] = prob; 543 | words[i] = text; 544 | bestLength[i] = w; 545 | firstTime = False; 546 | # write out correct segmentation 547 | word_list=[] 548 | i = length; 549 | while i > 0: 550 | word_list.insert(0, words[i]) 551 | i = i - bestLength[i]; 552 | return ' '.join(word_list) 553 | 554 | # set up punctuation list 555 | m_punctuation=set("， 、 。 ． · ； ： ？ ！ ： … ¨ ， 、 ． · ； ： ？ ！ │ ─ │ ─ │ ＿ │ ─ （ ） （ ） ｛ ｝ ｛ ｝ 〔 〕 〔 〕 【 】 【 】 《 》 《 》 〈 〉 ∧ ∨ 「 」 「 」 『 』 『 』 （ ） ％ ｛ ｝ 〔 〕 ‘ ’ “ ” ＂ ＂ ｀ ＇ ＃ ＆ ~ , : ; ! % > < / \" ' [ ] { } \\ - . ) (".decode('utf8').split()) 556 | m_number=set("１ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ○ 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 零 百 千 万 亿 两 廿 卅 ".decode('utf8').split()) 557 | # setup m_unicode2ascii, while extracting features we always convert some unicode characters to ascii characters, e.g., '，' to ',' 558 | m_unicode2ascii={ 559 | "\xa1\xb4".decode('gbk'):"<", 560 | "\xa3\xbc".decode('gbk'):"<", 561 | "\xa1\xb5".decode('gbk'):">", 562 | "\xa3\xbe".decode('gbk'):">", 563 | "\xa3\xa1".decode('gbk'):"!", 564 | "\xa3\xa3".decode('gbk'):"#", 565 | "\xa3\xa5".decode('gbk'):"%", 566 | "\xa3\xa6".decode('gbk'):"&", 567 | "\xa3\xa8".decode('gbk'):"(", 568 | "\xa3\xa9".decode('gbk'):")", 569 | "\xa3\xaa".decode('gbk'):"*", 570 | "\xa3\xab".decode('gbk'):"+", 571 | "\xa3\xac".decode('gbk'):",", 572 | "～".decode('utf8'):",", 573 | "~".decode('utf8'):",", 574 | "\xa3\xad".decode('gbk'):"-", 575 | "━".decode('utf8'):"-", 576 | "\xa3\xae".decode('gbk'):".", 577 | "·".decode('utf8'):".", 578 | "・".decode('utf8'):".", 579 | "•".decode('utf8'):".", 580 | "\xa3\xaf".decode('gbk'):"/", 581 | "\xa3\xb0".decode('gbk'):"0", 582 | "\xa3\xb1".decode('gbk'):"1", 583 | "\xa3\xb2".decode('gbk'):"2", 584 | "\xa3\xb3".decode('gbk'):"3", 585 | "\xa3\xb4".decode('gbk'):"4", 586 | "\xa3\xb5".decode('gbk'):"5", 587 | "\xa3\xb6".decode('gbk'):"6", 588 | "\xa3\xb7".decode('gbk'):"7", 589 | "\xa3\xb8".decode('gbk'):"8", 590 | "\xa3\xb9".decode('gbk'):"9", 591 | "\xa3\xba".decode('gbk'):":", 592 | "\xa3\xbb".decode('gbk'):";", 593 | "\xa3\xbd".decode('gbk'):"=", 594 | "\xa3\xbf".decode('gbk'):"?", 595 | "\xa3\xc0".decode('gbk'):"@", 596 | "\xa3\xc1".decode('gbk'):"A", 597 | "\xa3\xc2".decode('gbk'):"B", 598 | "\xa3\xc3".decode('gbk'):"C", 599 | "\xa3\xc4".decode('gbk'):"D", 600 | "\xa3\xc5".decode('gbk'):"E", 601 | "\xa3\xc6".decode('gbk'):"F", 602 | "\xa3\xc7".decode('gbk'):"G", 603 | "\xa3\xc8".decode('gbk'):"H", 604 | "\xa3\xc9".decode('gbk'):"I", 605 | "\xa3\xca".decode('gbk'):"J", 606 | "\xa3\xcb".decode('gbk'):"K", 607 | "\xa3\xcc".decode('gbk'):"L", 608 | "\xa3\xcd".decode('gbk'):"M", 609 | "\xa3\xce".decode('gbk'):"N", 610 | "\xa3\xcf".decode('gbk'):"O", 611 | "\xa3\xd0".decode('gbk'):"P", 612 | "\xa3\xd1".decode('gbk'):"Q", 613 | "\xa3\xd2".decode('gbk'):"R", 614 | "\xa3\xd3".decode('gbk'):"S", 615 | "\xa3\xd4".decode('gbk'):"T", 616 | "\xa3\xd5".decode('gbk'):"U", 617 | "\xa3\xd6".decode('gbk'):"V", 618 | "\xa3\xd7".decode('gbk'):"W", 619 | "\xa3\xd8".decode('gbk'):"X", 620 | "\xa3\xd9".decode('gbk'):"Y", 621 | "\xa3\xda".decode('gbk'):"Z", 622 | "\xa3\xdb".decode('gbk'):"[", 623 | "\xa3\xdc".decode('gbk'):"\\", 624 | "\xa3\xdd".decode('gbk'):"]", 625 | "\xa3\xde".decode('gbk'):"^", 626 | "\xa3\xdf".decode('gbk'):"_", 627 | "\xa3\xe1".decode('gbk'):"a", 628 | "\xa3\xe2".decode('gbk'):"b", 629 | "\xa3\xe3".decode('gbk'):"c", 630 | "\xa3\xe4".decode('gbk'):"d", 631 | "\xa3\xe5".decode('gbk'):"e", 632 | "\xa3\xe6".decode('gbk'):"f", 633 | "\xa3\xe7".decode('gbk'):"g", 634 | "\xa3\xe8".decode('gbk'):"h", 635 | "\xa3\xe9".decode('gbk'):"i", 636 | "\xa3\xea".decode('gbk'):"j", 637 | "\xa3\xeb".decode('gbk'):"k", 638 | "\xa3\xec".decode('gbk'):"l", 639 | "\xa3\xed".decode('gbk'):"m", 640 | "\xa3\xee".decode('gbk'):"n", 641 | "\xa3\xef".decode('gbk'):"o", 642 | "\xa3\xf0".decode('gbk'):"p", 643 | "\xa3\xf1".decode('gbk'):"q", 644 | "\xa3\xf2".decode('gbk'):"r", 645 | "\xa3\xf3".decode('gbk'):"s", 646 | "\xa3\xf4".decode('gbk'):"t", 647 | "\xa3\xf5".decode('gbk'):"u", 648 | "\xa3\xf6".decode('gbk'):"v", 649 | "\xa3\xf7".decode('gbk'):"w", 650 | "\xa3\xf8".decode('gbk'):"x", 651 | "\xa3\xf9".decode('gbk'):"y", 652 | "\xa3\xfa".decode('gbk'):"z", 653 | "\xa3\xfb".decode('gbk'):"{", 654 | "\xa3\xfc".decode('gbk'):"|", 655 | "\xa3\xfd".decode('gbk'):"}", 656 | } 657 | # set up date type word list 658 | m_date=set("年 月 日".decode('utf8').split()) 659 | # set up alphabet list 660 | m_alphabet=set("Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ Ｅ Ｆ Ｇ Ｈ Ｉ Ｊ Ｋ Ｌ Ｍ Ｎ Ｏ Ｐ Ｑ Ｒ Ｓ Ｔ Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ Ｘ Ｙ Ｚ ａ ｂ ｃ ｄ ｅ ｆ ｇ ｈ ｉ ｊ ｋ ｌ ｍ ｎ ｏ ｐ ｑ ｒ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｖ ｗ ｘ ｙ ｚ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z".decode('utf8').split()) 661 | m_lex=None 662 | m_dict=False 663 | m_pattern_en_seq=None 664 | m_pattern_whitespace=re.compile(r'\s', re.UNICODE) 665 | m_preclean=re.compile(r'\s+', re.UNICODE) 666 | 667 | # main 668 | if __name__ == '__main__': 669 | MODEL_FILE=options.model 670 | LEX=options.lexicon 671 | segmenter=CHINESE_WORD_SEGMENTER(MODEL_FILE, LEX) 672 | #print (segmenter.segment('什么时候提车啊，不是说星期四吗，怎么又改时间了啊?'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 673 | #print (segmenter.segment('中华人民共和国'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 674 | #print (segmenter.segment('之前就是订的2号，然后被虎航卑劣地推到明天了嘛'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 675 | #print (segmenter.segment('名:粱卫诠， 学manual, 星期六早上'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 676 | #print (segmenter.segment('Lenovo 即将推出高端 ThinkPad T61p'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 677 | #print (segmenter.segment('这个老板堪称女中豪杰，对我们手下的非常好，我们也心甘情愿为她工作，甚至是晚上和周末加班，这在美国人里还不多见，她也算是我工作过的最好的老板。'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 678 | #print (segmenter.segment('八点我就起来了类　然后听到喜气洋洋的消息,我家小苏同学悲痛欲绝耶 然后怀着幸灾乐祸的心情在看明朝破事　哇~~笑死'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 679 | #print (segmenter.segment('不在啊。outside now'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 680 | #print (segmenter.segment('··· ··· 不知道过了多久，浑浑噩噩的我终于欣喜的发现：地声正一点点的减弱，大地的抖动正一点点的变缓，而头上的烟花也不在闪烁。'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 681 | #print (segmenter.segment('国际汽联官方网在听证会后发表声明说：“沃达丰•迈凯轮•梅塞德斯车队拥有法拉利的'.decode('utf8'))).encode('utf8') 682 | number_threads=options.number_threads 683 | timer = Time_it() 684 | ## wangpd: in order to use the multiprocessing.Pool()'s map(function_name, arg_list) function, 685 | ## where function_name can not be a member function of a class 686 | def pickle_function(one): 687 | return segmenter.segment(one) 688 | if number_threads==1: 689 | timer.start() 690 | # start to wait for standard input 691 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: ready for input from standard input' 692 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: using 1 process' 693 | infile=sys.stdin 694 | line=infile.readline() 695 | while len(line)!=0: 696 | rline=line.decode('utf8') 697 | rline=rline.strip() 698 | if rline=="><": 699 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: exit.' 700 | sys.exit(0) 701 | rline=segmenter.segment(rline) 702 | print >>sys.stdout, rline.encode('utf8') 703 | sys.stdout.flush() 704 | line=infile.readline() 705 | print >>sys.stderr, "SEGMENTER: it costs", timer.stop() 706 | else: 707 | timer.start() 708 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: ready for input from standard input' 709 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: using', number_threads, 'processes' 710 | input_buffer_list=[] 711 | infile=sys.stdin 712 | line=infile.readline() 713 | while len(line)!=0: 714 | rline=line.decode('utf8') 715 | rline=rline.strip() 716 | input_buffer_list.append(rline) 717 | line=infile.readline() 718 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: get', len(input_buffer_list), 'sentences for segmenting' 719 | print >>sys.stderr, 'SEGMENTER: start to segment.....' 720 | process_pool=Pool(number_threads) 721 | output_list=process_pool.map(pickle_function, input_buffer_list) 722 | for line in output_list: 723 | print >>sys.stdout, line.encode('utf8') 724 | sys.stdout.flush() 725 | print >>sys.stderr, "SEGMENTER: it costs", timer.stop() 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------