├── ksw.conf ├── kswd.service ├── install.sh ├── README.md ├── ksw └── LICENSE /ksw.conf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # KSW CONFIG 2 | # Firewall implementation (firewalld or iptables) 3 | FIREWALL=firewalld 4 | # The physical interface you use to connect to the internet. 5 | PHYSICAL_INT=wlp4s0 6 | # The port and protocol used to connect to your VPN. 7 | # These are for PIA. 8 | VPN_PORT=1198 9 | VPN_PROTO=udp 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kswd.service: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [Unit] 2 | Description=daemon for ksw network killswitch 3 | After=network-online.target 4 | Requires=firewalld.service 5 | Requires=NetworkManager.service 6 | Wants=network-online.target 7 | 8 | [Service] 9 | Type=simple 10 | ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/ksw daemon 11 | Restart=always 12 | RestartSec=1 13 | 14 | [Install] 15 | WantedBy=multi-user.target 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /install.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then 3 | echo "This script must be run as root." 4 | exit 1 5 | fi 6 | 7 | cp ./ksw /usr/local/sbin/ksw 8 | chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/ksw 9 | 10 | if ! [[ -d /etc/ksw ]] ; then 11 | mkdir /etc/ksw 12 | chmod 644 /etc/ksw 13 | fi 14 | 15 | if [[ -f /etc/ksw/ksw.conf ]] ; then 16 | mv /etc/ksw/ksw.conf /etc/ksw/ksw.conf.old 17 | fi 18 | 19 | cp ./ksw.conf /etc/ksw/ksw.conf 20 | chmod 644 /etc/ksw/ksw.conf 21 | 22 | cp ./kswd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/kswd.service 23 | chmod 644 /usr/lib/systemd/system/kswd.service 24 | 25 | systemctl daemon-reload 26 | 27 | exit 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # README.md 2 | 3 | ## ksw 0.1.1 4 | 5 | ### Daemonizable VPN killswitch for NetworkManager with DNS and IPv6 leak protection written in Bash 6 | 7 | ### Features: 8 | 9 | - Works with NetworkManager VPN plugins. (Tested with OpenVPN) 10 | 11 | - Works with both iptables and firewalld. (Tested with firewalld) 12 | 13 | - Relies on NetworkManager Dbus API to determine if user disconnected from VPN, allowing for complete automation (no passwords) until user input makes sense. 14 | 15 | - Ensures all external IPv4 traffic passes through the VPN tunnel. 16 | 17 | - Allows access to local network. 18 | 19 | - Temporarily disables IPv6 and drops all outgoing IPv6 traffic. 20 | 21 | - Firewall ruleset is based off of [this ruleset on the Arch wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Private_Internet_Access#Internet_%22kill_switch%22). 22 | 23 | - Provides simple fix for DNS leaks. 24 | 25 | - Automatically detects VPN nameservers. 26 | 27 | - Requires minimal configuration. `ksw` just needs you to provide 4 configuration variables: 28 | - What firewall are you using? 29 | - What physical interface do you use to connect to the internet? 30 | - What port does your VPN use to establish a connection? 31 | - What protocol does your VPN transmit over? 32 | 33 | ### Dependencies: 34 | 35 | - NetworkManager (`ksw dns-leak-fix` requires `nmcli`) 36 | 37 | - iptables or firewalld 38 | 39 | ### Installation & Setup: 40 | 41 | Please follow your VPN provider's instructions on how to connect 42 | via NetworkManager and the various NetworkManager VPN plugins. 43 | The following installation instructions are meant for Linux 44 | operating systems running systemd (the script itself is init 45 | agnostic). 46 | 47 | #### Installation: 48 | 49 | 1. Download this repository or clone it using git. 50 | 51 | `git clone https://github.com/tinfoil-hacks/ksw.git` 52 | 53 | 2. Edit the kswd.service unit file (if you use iptables). 54 | 55 | ``` 56 | Requires=iptables.service ip6tables.service 57 | ``` 58 | 59 | 3. Edit ksw.conf, providing the correct variables. 60 | 61 | 4. `sudo ./install.sh`. 62 | 63 | - `ksw` --> `/usr/local/sbin/ksw` 64 | 65 | - `ksw.conf` --> `/etc/ksw/ksw.conf` 66 | 67 | - `kswd.service` --> `/usr/lib/systemd/system/kswd.service` 68 | 69 | 5. `sudo systemctl enable --now kswd.service` 70 | 71 | #### DNS Leak Fix 72 | 73 | NetworkManager leaks DNS requests like a seive by default. To fix 74 | this, each VPN profile needs to be modified so that 75 | `ipv4.dns-priority=-1`. This can be automated by running 76 | `sudo ksw dns-leak-fix`. This takes care of all currently 77 | configured VPN connections, but needs to be done each time you 78 | upload a new VPN configuration to NetworkManager. 79 | 80 | ### Use 81 | 82 | - `ksw on` - Turns on killswitch. (Not needed if ran as a service.) 83 | 84 | - `ksw off` - Turns off killswitch. 85 | 86 | - `ksw daemon` - Runs ksw as a daemon (automatic mode). This is mainly for debugging. Enable `kswd` as a service instead. 87 | 88 | - `ksw dns-leak-fix` - Prevents DNS leaks by modifying VPN connection settings. 89 | 90 | - `ksw version` - Display version number. 91 | 92 | - `ksw help` - Prints these options to screen. 93 | 94 | Running as a daemon, `ksw` only requires user input if your VPN 95 | connection is disconnected by something other than yourself. In the 96 | case of a failed VPN connection, you can reconnect to the VPN using 97 | NetworkManager. `kswd.service` will continue as if nothing happened. 98 | In the case that you cannot reconnect, or choose not to, discontinue 99 | all sensitive internet activity (quit out of your browser and/or 100 | torrent client), then run `sudo ksw off` to regain access to the 101 | network. 102 | 103 | ### TODO: 104 | 105 | - Auto-reconnection. 106 | 107 | - Explore the use of network namespaces to strengthen security. 108 | 109 | ### Issues: 110 | 111 | #### Trouble accessing local network services while connected to VPN 112 | 113 | Running `ksw dns-leak-fix` disables your local DNS settings when a 114 | VPN is active. This means that any scripts or programs that depend 115 | upon local DNS information will not function as expected while you 116 | are connected to a VPN. Most of the time, fixing this is as simple 117 | as configuring your router to lease DHCP addresses indefinitely and 118 | using IP addresses instead of domain names for your scripts when 119 | necessary. 120 | 121 | ##### Printing 122 | 123 | By default, CUPS uses your local DNS to find printers. This can be 124 | mitigated by [manually configuring your printer using its IP 125 | address](https://www.cups.org/doc/network.html). 126 | 127 | #### User defined outbound firewall rules are not supported 128 | 129 | Currently, `ksw` does not support user-defined outbound firewall 130 | rules. Inbound rules, however, are never touched. 131 | 132 | #### Other 133 | 134 | Please don't be afraid to submit issues or pull requests regarding 135 | fixes for other commonly used software. 136 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ksw: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | # ksw - Universal, daemonizable VPN killswitch for NetworkManager. 3 | VERSION=0.1.1 4 | 5 | # INIT 6 | 7 | # Ran as root? 8 | if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then 9 | echo "This script must be run as root." 10 | exit 1 11 | fi 12 | 13 | # Config location. 14 | CONFIG=/etc/ksw/ksw.conf 15 | 16 | # Make sure config exists & source 17 | if ! [[ -r $CONFIG ]] ; then 18 | echo "Cannot read config file." 19 | exit 1 20 | fi 21 | 22 | source $CONFIG 23 | 24 | # Make sure necessary variables are set 25 | for var in FIREWALL PHYSICAL_INT VPN_PORT VPN_PROTO; do 26 | if ! [[ -v $var ]] ; then 27 | echo "CONFIG ERROR: ${var} not set." 28 | confVars="bad" 29 | fi 30 | done 31 | 32 | if [[ -v ConfVars ]] ; then 33 | exit 1 34 | fi 35 | 36 | # Wait for connection & Find $LOCAL_NET from $PHYSICAL_INT 37 | echo "Waiting for connection... " 38 | while [ -z "$(ip route show to exact 0.0.0.0/0)" ]; do sleep 1; done 39 | echo "Done." 40 | 41 | LOCAL_NET=$(ip route show dev "$PHYSICAL_INT" | awk '/0\/24 / { print $1 }') 42 | 43 | if [[ -z "$LOCAL_NET" ]] ; then 44 | echo "PHYSICAL_INT set incorrectly." 45 | exit 1 46 | fi 47 | 48 | # Set firewall commands 49 | 50 | # iptables 51 | if [[ "$FIREWALL" == "iptables" ]] ; then 52 | FW4="/usr/sbin/iptables" 53 | FW6="/usr/sbin/ip6tables" 54 | if ! [[ -x $FW4 && -x $FW6 ]] ; then 55 | echo "iptables not installed." 56 | exit 1 57 | fi 58 | 59 | FW4ADD="$FW4 -t filter -A OUTPUT" 60 | # Does not use priority 61 | FW4ADD0="$FW4ADD" 62 | FW4ADD1="$FW4ADD" 63 | FW4ADD9="$FW4ADD" 64 | FW6ADD="$FW6 -t filter -A OUTPUT" 65 | 66 | FW4FLUSH="$FW4 -t filter -F OUTPUT" 67 | FW6FLUSH="$FW6 -t filter -F OUTPUT" 68 | 69 | # firewalld 70 | elif [[ "$FIREWALL" == "firewalld" ]] ; then 71 | FWC="/usr/bin/firewall-cmd" 72 | if ! [ -x $FWC ] ; then 73 | echo "firewall-cmd not installed." 74 | exit 1 75 | fi 76 | FW4ADD="$FWC --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT" 77 | # uses priority 78 | FW4ADD0="$FW4ADD 0" 79 | FW4ADD1="$FW4ADD 1" 80 | FW4ADD9="$FW4ADD 9" 81 | FW6ADD="$FWC --direct --add-rule ipv6 filter OUTPUT 9" 82 | 83 | FW4FLUSH="$FWC --direct --remove-rules ipv4 filter OUTPUT" 84 | FW6FLUSH="$FWC --direct --remove-rules ipv6 filter OUTPUT" 85 | 86 | else 87 | echo "$FIREWALL is not supported." 88 | exit 1 89 | fi 90 | 91 | # FUNCTIONS 92 | 93 | #Usage function 94 | 95 | usage(){ 96 | printf "%s\n" 'ksw - Automatic networking killswitch for VPNs' \ 97 | 'Usage: ksw [on|off|daemon|dns-leak-fix|version|help]; or' \ 98 | 'systemctl enable --now kswd.service' 99 | } 100 | 101 | # Switch functions. 102 | # Firewall rules adapted from Arch Wiki 103 | 104 | kswOff(){ 105 | $FW4FLUSH 106 | $FW6FLUSH 107 | sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0 108 | sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0 109 | } 110 | 111 | kswOn(){ 112 | # Too much work to figure out if rules are correct. 113 | # Wipe all rules in runtime. 114 | kswOff 115 | 116 | # ipv4 rules 117 | $FW4ADD0 -o lo -j ACCEPT 118 | $FW4ADD0 -o tun+ -j ACCEPT 119 | $FW4ADD1 -p "$VPN_PROTO" -m "$VPN_PROTO" --dport "$VPN_PORT" -j ACCEPT 120 | $FW4ADD1 -d "$LOCAL_NET" -j ACCEPT 121 | # Automate nameservers 122 | awk '/^#/ { next } /nameserver/ { print $2 }' /etc/resolv.conf | 123 | while read -r DNS; do 124 | $FW4ADD1 -d "$DNS" -j ACCEPT 125 | done 126 | $FW4ADD9 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-net-unreachable 127 | 128 | # disable ipv6 129 | sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 130 | sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1 131 | $FW6ADD -j DROP 132 | } 133 | 134 | # Daemon function 135 | 136 | kswDaemon(){ 137 | # When daemon starts, check if VPN is active. If so, kswOn. 138 | # The daemon should not turn kswOff when restarting. 139 | primaryConType=$(dbus-send --system --print-reply \ 140 | --dest=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager \ 141 | /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager \ 142 | org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get \ 143 | string:"org.freedesktop.NetworkManager" \ 144 | string:"PrimaryConnectionType" | \ 145 | grep variant | cut -d'"' -f2) 146 | if [[ "$primaryConType" == "vpn" ]] ; then 147 | kswOn > /dev/null 148 | fi 149 | 150 | # dbus-monitor returns two values for VpnStateChanged: "state" and "reason". 151 | # Each is on seperate line, with "state" first. They are 32bit int that 152 | # correspond to "NMVpnConnectionState" and "NMActiveConnectionStateReason" 153 | # in the NetworkManager Dbus API documentation. 154 | 155 | # Example Output: 156 | # signal time=1550500981.708238 sender=:1.18 -> destination=(null 157 | # destination) serial=55578 path=/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ 158 | # ActiveConnection/128; interface=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager. 159 | # VPN.Connection; member=VpnStateChanged 160 | # uint32 5 # This is "state" 161 | # uint32 1 # This is "reason" 162 | 163 | signalPart="state" 164 | 165 | dbus-monitor --system \ 166 | "type='signal',\ 167 | interface='org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.VPN.Connection',\ 168 | member='VpnStateChanged'" | 169 | while read -r line; do 170 | 171 | # We only need $line if it is uint32 value 172 | signalValue=$(echo "$line" | awk '/uint32/ { print $2 }') 173 | if [[ -n "$signalValue" ]] ; then 174 | 175 | # Determine if "state" or "reason" 176 | if [[ "$signalPart" == "state" ]] ; then 177 | stateValue="$signalValue" 178 | 179 | # The state case. 7 is disconnected. 5 is connected. 180 | case "$stateValue" in 181 | 0 ) echo "The state of the VPN connection is unknown." 182 | ;; 183 | 1 ) # "The VPN connection is preparing to connect." 184 | ;; 185 | 2 ) echo "The VPN connection needs authorization credentials." 186 | ;; 187 | 3 ) # "The VPN connection is being established." 188 | ;; 189 | 4 ) # "The VPN connection is getting an IP address." 190 | ;; 191 | 5 ) echo "The VPN connection is active." 192 | ;; 193 | 6 ) echo "The VPN connection failed." 194 | ;; 195 | 7 ) echo "The VPN connection is disconnected." 196 | ;; 197 | esac 198 | signalPart="reason" 199 | continue 200 | 201 | elif [[ "$signalPart" == "reason" ]] ; then 202 | reasonValue="$signalValue" 203 | 204 | # The reason case. 2 is user disconnected. 205 | case "$reasonValue" in 206 | 0 ) # "The reason for the active connection state change is unknown." 207 | ;; 208 | 1 ) # "No reason was given for the active connection state change." 209 | ;; 210 | 2 ) echo "The active connection changed state because the user disconnected it." 211 | ;; 212 | 3 ) echo "The active connection changed state because the device it was using was disconnected." 213 | ;; 214 | 4 ) echo "The service providing the VPN connection was stopped." 215 | ;; 216 | 5 ) echo "The IP config of the active connection was invalid." 217 | ;; 218 | 6 ) echo "The connection attempt to the VPN service timed out." 219 | ;; 220 | 7 ) echo "A timeout occurred while starting the service providing the VPN connection." 221 | ;; 222 | 8 ) echo "Starting the service providing the VPN connection failed." 223 | ;; 224 | 9 ) echo "Necessary secrets for the connection were not provided." 225 | ;; 226 | 10) echo "Authentication to the server failed." 227 | ;; 228 | 11) echo "The connection was deleted from settings." 229 | ;; 230 | 12) echo "Master connection of this connection failed to activate." 231 | ;; 232 | 13) echo "Could not create the software device link." 233 | ;; 234 | 14) echo "The device this connection depended on disappeared." 235 | ;; 236 | esac 237 | 238 | # Now we have a whole signal statement 239 | signalPart="whole" 240 | fi 241 | 242 | # The Switch. 243 | if [[ "$signalPart" == "whole" ]] ; then 244 | 245 | # Pull the "on switch" 246 | if [[ "$stateValue" == "5" ]] ; then 247 | kswOn > /dev/null 248 | echo "VPN killswitch has been activated." 249 | 250 | # Pull the "off" switch 251 | elif [[ "$stateValue" == "7" ]] && [[ "$reasonValue" == "2" ]] ; then 252 | kswOff > /dev/null 253 | echo "VPN killswitch has been deactivated." 254 | 255 | # VPN disconnected by itself. Do nothing. (user has to run ksw off.) 256 | elif [[ "$stateValue" == "7" ]] && [[ "$reasonValue" != "2" ]] ; then 257 | echo "VPN Disconnected, but conditions were not met to deactivate killswitch. \ 258 | Reason: $reasonValue" 259 | 260 | fi 261 | echo 262 | fi 263 | signalPart="state" 264 | 265 | fi 266 | done 267 | } 268 | 269 | # DNS Leak prevention, the easy way 270 | # change DNS priority to -1 for all vpns 271 | dnsLeakFix(){ 272 | # find all vpn connections by UUID 273 | vpnuuids=$(mktemp /tmp/vpnuuid.XXX) 274 | 275 | cleanUp(){ 276 | rm -f "$vpnuuids" 277 | exit 278 | } 279 | 280 | trap cleanUp 1 2 3 6 15 281 | 282 | nmcli -t -f UUID,TYPE con show | \ 283 | awk 'BEGIN { FS = ":" } /vpn/ { print $1 }' > "$vpnuuids" 284 | # use while read loop 285 | while read -r UUID; do 286 | nmcli con modify "$UUID" ipv4.dns-priority -1 287 | done < "$vpnuuids" 288 | } 289 | 290 | # Take Args 291 | if [[ $# -eq 1 ]]; then 292 | case $1 in 293 | on ) kswOn > /dev/null 294 | exit 295 | ;; 296 | off ) kswOff > /dev/null 297 | exit 298 | ;; 299 | daemon ) kswDaemon 300 | exit 1 301 | ;; 302 | dns-leak-fix ) dnsLeakFix 303 | exit 304 | ;; 305 | version ) echo $VERSION 306 | exit 307 | ;; 308 | help ) usage 309 | exit 310 | ;; 311 | * ) usage 312 | exit 1 313 | ;; 314 | esac 315 | else 316 | usage 317 | exit 1 318 | fi 319 | 320 | exit 321 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------