├── .gitignore
├── .travis.yml
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── dev-node-setup.md
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── rust-toolchain
├── step-0
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── step-1
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── step-2
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── step-3
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── step-4
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── step-5
├── .cargo
│ └── config
├── .gitignore
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── README.md
├── build.sh
├── rust-toolchain
└── src
│ └── lib.rs
├── wasm-dev-chain.json
└── wasm-install.sh
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | node_modules
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.travis.yml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | language: rust
2 | cargo: cache
3 | rust:
4 | - nightly
5 | before_install:
6 | - rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
7 | - command -v wasm-build || cargo install pwasm-utils-cli --bin wasm-build
8 | - ./wasm-install.sh
9 | env:
10 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-0
11 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-1
12 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-2
13 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-3
14 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-4
15 | - TUTOR_DIR=step-5
16 | script:
17 | - cd $TUTOR_DIR
18 | - ./build.sh
19 | - ../wasm-install/bin/wasm-validate target/pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Tutorial Prerequisites
2 | There is a list of all tools and dependencies required for this tutorial.
3 |
4 | ### Rust
5 | [rustup](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustup.rs#installation) is the easiest way to install Rust toolchains. Rust nightly toolchain is required since our contracts require some unstable features:
6 |
7 | ```bash
8 | rustup install nightly-2018-11-12
9 | ```
10 |
11 | Also, we need to install `wasm32-unknown-unknown` to compile contracts to Wasm:
12 | ```bash
13 | rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
14 | ```
15 |
16 | ### Parity wasm-build
17 | [wasm-build](https://github.com/paritytech/wasm-utils#build-tools-for-cargo) takes the raw `.wasm` file produced by Rust compiler and packs it to the form of valid contract.
18 | ```
19 | cargo install pwasm-utils-cli --bin wasm-build
20 | ```
21 |
22 | ### Parity
23 | Follow the [parity setup guide](https://wiki.parity.io/Setup). You'll need Parity version **1.9.5** or later.
24 |
25 | ### Web3.js
26 | We'll be using `Web3.js` to connect to the Parity node. Change dir to the root `pwasm-tutorial` and run [yarn](https://yarnpkg.com) or [npm](https://nodejs.org) to install `Web3.js`:
27 | ```
28 | yarn install
29 | ```
30 |
31 | ### Tutorial source code
32 | We provide a full source code for each step in this tutorial under `step-*` directories.
33 |
34 | ## General structure
35 | Source code: https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-0
36 |
37 | ```rust
38 | // Contract doesn't use Rust's standard library
39 | #![no_std]
40 |
41 | // `pwasm-ethereum` implements bindings to the runtime
42 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
43 |
44 | /// Will be described in the next step
45 | #[no_mangle]
46 | pub fn deploy() {
47 | }
48 |
49 | /// The call function is the main function of the *deployed* contract
50 | #[no_mangle]
51 | pub fn call() {
52 | // Send a result pointer to the runtime
53 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&b"result"[..]);
54 | }
55 | ```
56 | ### pwasm-ethereum
57 | [pwasm-ethereum](https://github.com/NikVolf/pwasm-ethereum) is a collection of bindings to interact with ethereum-like network.
58 |
59 | ## Building
60 | To make sure that everything is set up go to the `step-0` directory and run `./build.sh`
61 |
62 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created in the `target` directory.
63 |
64 | Take a look on the contents of the `./build.sh` executable:
65 |
66 | ```
67 | #!/bin/bash
68 |
69 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
70 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
71 | ```
72 |
73 | First, we run `cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown` which yields a "raw" Wasm binary and put it into the "target" directory: `target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm`. Then we run the `wasm-build` tool. It takes `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` raw file generated by `cargo build`, trims, optimises it and produces the so-called contract "constructor". It packs the actual contract code into that constructor. So on deploy, executor will put the raw contract code into the blockchain as a result of the successful transaction.
74 |
75 | For your convenience, every step in our tutorial features a `build.sh` shell script, which incorporates the proper `wasm-build` call (unfortunately, cargo's build pipeline is not yet extensible enough to feature such steps automatically). Alternatively, one can trivially call the same wasm packing manually after every build.
76 |
77 | ## The constructor
78 | Source code: https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-1
79 |
80 | When deploying a contract we often want to set its initial storage values (e.g. `totalSupply` if it's a token contact). To address this problem we are exporting another function "deploy" which executes only once on contract deployment.
81 |
82 | ```rust
83 | // This contract will return the address from which it was deployed
84 | #![no_std]
85 |
86 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
87 | extern crate parity_hash;
88 |
89 | use parity_hash::H256;
90 |
91 | // The "deploy" will be executed only once on deployment but will not be stored on the blockchain
92 | #[no_mangle]
93 | pub fn deploy() {
94 | // Lets set the sender address to the contract storage at address "0"
95 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&H256::zero().into(), &H256::from(pwasm_ethereum::sender()).into());
96 | // Note we shouldn't write any result into the call descriptor in deploy.
97 | }
98 |
99 | // The following code will be stored on the blockchain.
100 | #[no_mangle]
101 | pub fn call() {
102 | // Will read the address of the deployer which we wrote to the storage on the deploy stage
103 | let owner = pwasm_ethereum::read(&H256::zero().into());
104 | // Send a result pointer to the runtime
105 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(owner.as_ref());
106 | }
107 | ```
108 |
109 | ## Contract ABI declaration
110 | Source code: https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-2
111 |
112 | Let's implement a simple [ERC-20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERC20) token contract.
113 |
114 | ```rust
115 | // ...
116 |
117 | pub mod token {
118 | use pwasm_ethereum;
119 | use pwasm_abi::types::*;
120 |
121 | // eth_abi is a procedural macros https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html
122 | use pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi;
123 |
124 | lazy_static! {
125 | static ref TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY: H256 =
126 | H256::from([2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]);
127 | }
128 |
129 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint)]
130 | pub trait TokenInterface {
131 | /// The constructor
132 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
133 | /// Total amount of tokens
134 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
135 | }
136 |
137 | pub struct TokenContract;
138 |
139 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
140 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
141 | // Set up the total supply for the token
142 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY, &total_supply.into());
143 | }
144 |
145 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
146 | pwasm_ethereum::read(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY).into()
147 | }
148 | }
149 | }
150 | // Declares the dispatch and dispatch_ctor methods
151 | use pwasm_abi::eth::EndpointInterface;
152 |
153 | #[no_mangle]
154 | pub fn call() {
155 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
156 | // Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding for details
157 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&endpoint.dispatch(&pwasm_ethereum::input()));
158 | }
159 |
160 | #[no_mangle]
161 | pub fn deploy() {
162 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
163 | //
164 | endpoint.dispatch_ctor(&pwasm_ethereum::input());
165 | }
166 |
167 | ```
168 | `token::TokenInterface` is an interface definition of the contract.
169 | `pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi` is a [procedural macros](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html) uses a trait `token::TokenInterface` to generate decoder (`TokenEndpoint`) for payload in Solidity ABI format. `TokenEndpoint` implements an `EndpointInterface` trait:
170 |
171 | ```rust
172 | /// Endpoint interface for contracts
173 | pub trait EndpointInterface {
174 | /// Dispatch payload for regular method
175 | fn dispatch(&mut self, payload: &[u8]) -> Vec;
176 |
177 | /// Dispatch constructor payload
178 | fn dispatch_ctor(&mut self, payload: &[u8]);
179 | }
180 | ```
181 |
182 | The `dispatch` expects `payload` and returns a result in the format defined in [Solidity ABI spec](http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding). It maps payload to the corresponding method of the `token::TokenInterface` implementation. The `dispatch_ctor` maps payload only to the `TokenInterface::constructor` and returns no result.
183 |
184 | A complete implementation of ERC20 can be found here https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-token-example.
185 |
186 | ### pwasm-std
187 | [pwasm-std](https://paritytech.github.io/pwasm-std/pwasm_std/) is a lightweight standard library. It implements common data structures, conversion utils and provides bindings to the runtime.
188 |
189 | ## Make calls to other contracts
190 | Source code: https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-3
191 |
192 | In order to make calls to our `TokenInterface` we need to generate the payload `TokenEndpoint::dispatch()` expects. So `pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi` can generate an implementation of `TokenInterface` which will prepare payload for each method.
193 |
194 | ```rust
195 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
196 | pub trait TokenInterface {
197 | /// The constructor
198 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
199 | /// Total amount of tokens
200 | #[constant] // #[constant] hint affect the resulting JSON abi. It sets "constant": true prore
201 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
202 | }
203 | ```
204 |
205 | We've added a second argument `TokenClient` to the `eth_abi` macro as a second argument (it is optional) -- this way we ask to generate a _client_ implementation for `TokenInterface` trait and name it as `TokenClient`.
206 |
207 | As mentioned [above](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#contract-abi-declaration), a first argument to the `eth_abi` macro requests the name for to be generated Endpoint implementation, which turns Ethereum ABI-encoded payloads into calls to the corresponding `TokenContract` methods with deserialized params.
208 |
209 | *Client* (`TokenClient`), created via the second argument, is doing the opposite to *endpoint*, providing an implementation which generates Ethereum ABI-compatible calls (consumable by `TokenEndpoint`) for every `TokenInterface` call.
210 |
211 | Let's suppose we've deployed a token contract on `0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62` address. That's how we can make calls to it.
212 |
213 | ```rust
214 | extern pwasm_ethereum;
215 | extern pwasm_std;
216 |
217 | use token::TokenClient;
218 | use pwasm_std::hash::Address;
219 |
220 | let token = TokenClient::new(Address::from("0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62"));
221 | let tokenSupply = token.totalSupply();
222 | ```
223 |
224 | `token.totalSupply()` will execute `pwasm_ethereum::call(Address::from("0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62"), payload)` with `address` and `payload` generated according to `totalSupply()` signature. Optionally it's possible to set a `value` (in Wei) to transfer with the call and set a `gas` limit.
225 |
226 | ```rust
227 | let token = TokenClient::new(Address::from("0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62"))
228 | .value(10000000.into()) // send a value with the call
229 | .gas(21000); // set a gas limit
230 | let tokenSupply = token.totalSupply();
231 | ```
232 |
233 | If you move to `step-3` directory and run `cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown` you will find a `TokenInterface.json` in the `target/json` generated from `TokenInterface` trait with the following content:
234 |
235 | ```json
236 | [
237 | {
238 | "type": "function",
239 | "name": "totalSupply",
240 | "inputs": [],
241 | "outputs": [
242 | {
243 | "name": "returnValue",
244 | "type": "uint256"
245 | }
246 | ],
247 | "constant": true
248 | },
249 | {
250 | "type": "constructor",
251 | "inputs": [
252 | {
253 | "name": "_total_supply",
254 | "type": "uint256"
255 | }
256 | ]
257 | }
258 | ]
259 | ```
260 |
261 | JSON above is an ABI definition which can be used along with Web.js to run transactions and calls to contract:
262 |
263 | ```javascript
264 | var Web3 = require("web3");
265 | var fs = require("fs");
266 | var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:8545"));
267 | var abi = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./target/TokenInterface.json"));
268 | var TokenContract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, "0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62", { from: web3.eth.defaultAccount });
269 | var totalSupply = TokenContract.methods.totalSupply().call().then(console.log);
270 | ```
271 |
272 | ### Events
273 | Source code: https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-4
274 |
275 | Events allow the convenient usage of the EVM logging facilities, which in turn can be used to “call” JavaScript callbacks in the user interface of a dapp, which listen for these events.
276 |
277 | Let's implement the `transfer` method for our ERC-20 contract. `step-4` directory contains the complete implementation.
278 |
279 | ```rust
280 | pub mod token {
281 |
282 | use pwasm_ethereum;
283 | use pwasm_std::types::*;
284 |
285 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
286 | pub trait TokenInterface {
287 | /// The constructor
288 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
289 | /// Total amount of tokens
290 | #[constant]
291 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
292 | /// What is the balance of a particular account?
293 | #[constant]
294 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, _owner: Address) -> U256;
295 | /// Transfer the balance from owner's account to another account
296 | fn transfer(&mut self, _to: Address, _amount: U256) -> bool;
297 | /// Event declaration
298 | #[event]
299 | fn Transfer(&mut self, indexed_from: Address, indexed_to: Address, _value: U256);
300 | }
301 |
302 | pub struct TokenContract;
303 |
304 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
305 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
306 | // ...
307 | }
308 |
309 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
310 | // ...
311 | }
312 |
313 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
314 | read_balance_of(&owner)
315 | }
316 |
317 | fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, amount: U256) -> bool {
318 | let sender = pwasm_ethereum::sender();
319 | let senderBalance = read_balance_of(&sender);
320 | let recipientBalance = read_balance_of(&to);
321 | if amount == 0.into() || senderBalance < amount || to == sender {
322 | false
323 | } else {
324 | let new_sender_balance = senderBalance - amount;
325 | let new_recipient_balance = recipientBalance + amount;
326 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&sender), &new_sender_balance.into());
327 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&to), &new_recipient_balance.into());
328 | self.Transfer(sender, to, amount);
329 | true
330 | }
331 | }
332 | }
333 |
334 | // Reads balance by address
335 | fn read_balance_of(owner: &Address) -> U256 {
336 | pwasm_ethereum::read(&balance_key(owner)).into()
337 | }
338 |
339 | // Generates a balance key for some address.
340 | // Used to map balances with their owners.
341 | fn balance_key(address: &Address) -> H256 {
342 | let mut key = H256::from(*address);
343 | key.as_bytes_mut()[0] = 1; // just a naive "namespace";
344 | key
345 | }
346 | }
347 | ```
348 |
349 | Events are declared as part of a contract trait definition. Arguments which start with the "indexed_" prefix are considered as "topics", other arguments are data associated with an event.
350 |
351 | ```rust
352 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
353 | pub trait TokenInterface {
354 | fn transfer(&mut self, _to: Address, _amount: U256) -> bool;
355 | #[event]
356 | fn Transfer(&mut self, indexed_from: Address, indexed_to: Address, _value: U256);
357 | }
358 |
359 | fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, amount: U256) -> bool {
360 | let sender = pwasm_ethereum::sender();
361 | let senderBalance = read_balance_of(&sender);
362 | let recipientBalance = read_balance_of(&to);
363 | if amount == 0.into() || senderBalance < amount || to == sender {
364 | false
365 | } else {
366 | let new_sender_balance = senderBalance - amount;
367 | let new_recipient_balance = recipientBalance + amount;
368 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&sender), &new_sender_balance.into());
369 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&to), &new_recipient_balance.into());
370 | self.Transfer(sender, to, amount);
371 | true
372 | }
373 | }
374 | ```
375 |
376 | Topics are useful to filter events produced by contract. In following example we use Web3.js to subscribe to the `Transfer` events of deployed `TokenContract`.
377 | ```javascript
378 | var Web3 = require("web3");
379 | var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:8545"));
380 | var abi = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./target/TokenInterface.json"));
381 | var TokenContract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, "0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62", { from: web3.eth.defaultAccount });
382 |
383 | // Subscribe to the Transfer event
384 | TokenContract.events.Transfer({
385 | from: "0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62" // Filter transactions by sender
386 | }, function (err, event) {
387 | console.log(event);
388 | });
389 | ```
390 |
391 | ## Run node and deploy contract
392 | Now it's time to deploy our Wasm contract on the blockchain. We can either test in own local development chain or publish it on the public Kovan network.
393 |
394 | ### Option 1: Setup and run development node
395 | Parity **1.9.5** includes support for running Wasm contracts.
396 | See [instructions](dev-node-setup.md) on how to setup a Wasm-enabled dev node.
397 |
398 | ### Option 2: Run Kovan node
399 | Kovan network supports Wasm contracts. This will run Parity node on Kovan:
400 | ```bash
401 | parity --chain kovan
402 | ```
403 | When it syncs up follow https://github.com/kovan-testnet/faucet to set up an account with some Kovan ETH to be able to pay gas for transactions.
404 |
405 | ### Deploy
406 | Let Parity run in a separate terminal window.
407 |
408 | Now cd to `step-5` and build the contract:
409 | ```bash
410 | ./build.sh
411 | ```
412 | It should produce 2 files we need:
413 | - a compiled Wasm binary `./target/pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm`
414 | - an ABI file: `./target/json/TokenInterface.json`
415 |
416 | At this point we can use Web.js to connect to the Parity node and deploy Wasm `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm`. Run the following code in `node` console:
417 |
418 | ```javascript
419 | var Web3 = require("web3");
420 | var fs = require("fs");
421 | // Connect to our local node
422 | var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:8545"));
423 | // NOTE: if you run Kovan node there should be an address you've got in the "Option 2: Run Kovan node" step
424 | web3.eth.defaultAccount = "0x004ec07d2329997267ec62b4166639513386f32e";
425 | // read JSON ABI
426 | var abi = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./target/json/TokenInterface.json"));
427 | // convert Wasm binary to hex format
428 | var codeHex = '0x' + fs.readFileSync("./target/pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm").toString('hex');
429 |
430 | var TokenContract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, { data: codeHex, from: web3.eth.defaultAccount });
431 |
432 | var TokenDeployTransaction = TokenContract.deploy({data: codeHex, arguments: [10000000]});
433 |
434 | // Will create TokenContract with `totalSupply` = 10000000 and print a result
435 | web3.eth.personal.unlockAccount(web3.eth.defaultAccount, "user").then(() => TokenDeployTransaction.estimateGas()).then(gas => TokenDeployTransaction.send({gasLimit: gas, from: web3.eth.defaultAccount})).then(contract => { console.log("Address of new contract: " + contract.options.address); TokenContract = contract; }).catch(err => console.log(err));
436 | ```
437 | Now we're able transfer some tokens:
438 | ```javascript
439 | web3.eth.personal.unlockAccount(web3.eth.defaultAccount, "user").then(() => TokenContract.methods.transfer("0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62", 200).send()).then(console.log).catch(console.log);
440 | ```
441 |
442 | And check balances:
443 | ```javascript
444 | // Check balance of recipient. Should print 200
445 | TokenContract.methods.balanceOf("0x7BA4324585CB5597adC283024819254345CD7C62").call().then(console.log).catch(console.log);
446 |
447 | // Check balance of sender (owner of the contract). Should print 10000000 - 200 = 9999800
448 | TokenContract.methods.balanceOf(web3.eth.defaultAccount).call().then(console.log).catch(console.log);
449 | ```
450 |
451 | ## Testing
452 | [pwasm-test](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test) makes it easy to test a contract's logic. It allows to emulate the blockchain state and mock any [pwasm-ethereum](#pwasm-ethereum) call.
453 |
454 | By default our contracts built with `#![no_std]`, but `rust test` needs the Rust stdlib for threading and I/O. Thus, in order to run tests we've added a following feature gate in [Cargo.toml](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/step-5):
455 |
456 | ```
457 | [features]
458 | std = ["pwasm-std/std", "pwasm-ethereum/std"]
459 | ```
460 | Now you can `cd step-5` and `cargo test --features std` should pass.
461 |
462 | Take a look https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/step-5/src/lib.rs#L116-L161 to see an example how to test a `transfer` method of our token contract.
463 |
464 | ```rust
465 | #[cfg(test)]
466 | #[allow(non_snake_case)]
467 | mod tests {
468 | extern crate pwasm_test;
469 | extern crate std;
470 | use super::*;
471 | use self::pwasm_test::{ext_reset, ext_get};
472 | use parity_hash::Address;
473 | use token::TokenInterface;
474 |
475 | #[test]
476 | fn should_succeed_transfering_1000_from_owner_to_another_address() {
477 | let mut contract = token::TokenContract{};
478 | let owner_address = Address::from("0xea674fdde714fd979de3edf0f56aa9716b898ec8");
479 | let sam_address = Address::from("0xdb6fd484cfa46eeeb73c71edee823e4812f9e2e1");
480 | // Here we're creating an External context using ExternalBuilder and set the `sender` to the `owner_address`
481 | // so `pwasm_ethereum::sender()` in TokenContract::constructor() will return that `owner_address`
482 | ext_reset(|e| e.sender(owner_address.clone()));
483 | let total_supply = 10000.into();
484 | contract.constructor(total_supply);
485 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), total_supply);
486 | assert_eq!(contract.transfer(sam_address, 1000.into()), true);
487 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), 9000.into());
488 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(sam_address), 1000.into());
489 | // 1 log entry should be created
490 | assert_eq!(ext_get().logs().len(), 1);
491 | }
492 | }
493 | ```
494 |
495 | [Here](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test/tree/master/tests) you can find more examples on how to:
496 | - [mock calls](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test/blob/master/tests/calls.rs) to other contracts
497 | - [read event logs created by contract](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test/blob/master/tests/log.rs)
498 | - [init contract with storage](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test/blob/master/tests/storage_read.rs).
499 |
500 | More testing examples:
501 | https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-token-example/blob/master/contract/src/lib.rs#L194
502 |
503 | In order to test the interaction between contracts, we're able to mock callee contract client. See comprehensive here:
504 | https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-repo-contract/blob/master/contract/src/lib.rs#L453
505 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev-node-setup.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Development node setup
2 |
3 | Wasm support isn't enabled by default and needs to be specified in a "chainspec" file. `wasmActivationTransition` param sets a block number Wasm support should be activated. This is a sample "development chain" spec with Wasm enabled (based on https://paritytech.github.io/wiki/Private-development-chain):
4 |
5 | [Source](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/tree/master/wasm-dev-chain.json)
6 | ```json
7 | {
8 | "name": "DevelopmentChain",
9 | "engine": {
10 | "instantSeal": null
11 | },
12 | "params": {
13 | "wasmActivationTransition": "0x01",
14 | "eip658Transition": "0x01",
15 | "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
16 | "accountStartNonce": "0x0",
17 | "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
18 | "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
19 | "networkID" : "0x11",
20 | "maxCodeSize": 1000000,
21 | "maxCodeSizeTransition": 1
22 | },
23 | "genesis": {
24 | "seal": {
25 | "generic": "0x0"
26 | },
27 | "difficulty": "0x20000",
28 | "author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
29 | "timestamp": "0x00",
30 | "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
31 | "extraData": "0x",
32 | "gasLimit": "0x5B8D8000"
33 | },
34 | "accounts": {
35 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
36 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
37 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
38 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
39 | "0x004ec07d2329997267ec62b4166639513386f32e": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376" }
40 | }
41 | }
42 | ```
43 | Run node:
44 | ```bash
45 | parity --chain ./wasm-dev-chain.json --jsonrpc-apis=all
46 | ```
47 |
48 | Among with other things we've set balance for `0x004ec07d2329997267ec62b4166639513386f32e` account on which behalf we'll run transactions (such as deploy). This should add an above account to the keychain:
49 |
50 | ```bash
51 | curl --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"parity_newAccountFromPhrase","params":["user", "user"],"id":0}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST localhost:8545
52 | ```
53 | Should output something like:
54 | ```json
55 | {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"0x004ec07d2329997267ec62b4166639513386f32e","id":0}
56 | ```
57 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/package.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | "name": "pwasm-tutorial",
3 | "version": "1.0.0",
4 | "description": "There is a list of all tools and dependencies required for this tutorial.",
5 | "main": "",
6 | "scripts": {
7 | "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
8 | },
9 | "repository": {
10 | "type": "git",
11 | "url": "git+https://github.com/fckt/pwasm-tutorial.git"
12 | },
13 | "author": "Alexey Frolov ",
14 | "license": "ISC",
15 | "bugs": {
16 | "url": "https://github.com/fckt/pwasm-tutorial/issues"
17 | },
18 | "homepage": "https://github.com/fckt/pwasm-tutorial#readme",
19 | "dependencies": {
20 | "web3": "^1.0.0-beta.33"
21 | }
22 | }
23 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
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/step-0/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-0/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
5 |
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/step-0/Cargo.lock:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-0/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 |
10 | [lib]
11 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
12 |
13 | [profile.release]
14 | panic = "abort"
15 | lto = true
16 | opt-level = "z"
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-0/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-0/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-0/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
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/step-0/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
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/step-0/src/lib.rs:
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1 | // Contract doesn't use Rust's standard library
2 | #![no_std]
3 |
4 | // `pwasm-ethereum` implements bindings to the runtime
5 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
6 |
7 | /// Will be described in the next step
8 | #[no_mangle]
9 | pub fn deploy() {
10 | }
11 |
12 | /// The call function is the main function of the *deployed* contract
13 | #[no_mangle]
14 | pub fn call() {
15 | // Send a result pointer to the runtime
16 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&b"result"[..]);
17 | }
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/Cargo.lock:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 |
10 | [lib]
11 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
12 |
13 | [profile.release]
14 | panic = "abort"
15 | lto = true
16 | opt-level = "z"
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-1/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-1/src/lib.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // This contract will return the address from which it was deployed
2 | #![no_std]
3 |
4 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
5 | extern crate pwasm_std;
6 |
7 | use pwasm_std::types::H256;
8 |
9 | // The "deploy" will be executed only once on deployment but will not be stored on the blockchain
10 | #[no_mangle]
11 | pub fn deploy() {
12 | // Lets set the sender address to the contract storage at address "0"
13 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&H256::zero().into(), &H256::from(pwasm_ethereum::sender()).into());
14 | // Note we should't write any result into the call descriptor in deploy.
15 | }
16 |
17 | // The following code will be stored on the blockchain.
18 | #[no_mangle]
19 | pub fn call() {
20 | // Will read the address of the deployer which we wrote to the storage on the deploy stage
21 | let owner = pwasm_ethereum::read(&H256::zero().into());
22 | // Send a result pointer to the runtime
23 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(owner.as_ref());
24 | }
25 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/Cargo.lock:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/step-2/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 | pwasm-abi = "0.2"
10 | pwasm-abi-derive = "0.2"
11 | lazy_static = { version = "1.2.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
12 |
13 | [lib]
14 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
15 |
16 | [profile.release]
17 | panic = "abort"
18 | lto = true
19 | opt-level = "z"
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-2/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-2/src/lib.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #![no_std]
2 | #![allow(non_snake_case)]
3 | #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
4 |
5 | extern crate pwasm_std;
6 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
7 | extern crate pwasm_abi;
8 | extern crate pwasm_abi_derive;
9 |
10 | #[macro_use]
11 | extern crate lazy_static;
12 |
13 | pub mod token {
14 | use pwasm_ethereum;
15 | use pwasm_std::types::*;
16 |
17 | // eth_abi is a procedural macros https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html
18 | use pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi;
19 |
20 | lazy_static! {
21 | static ref TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY: H256 = { H256::from([2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0])};
22 | }
23 |
24 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint)]
25 | pub trait TokenInterface {
26 | /// The constructor
27 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
28 | /// Total amount of tokens
29 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
30 | }
31 |
32 | pub struct TokenContract;
33 |
34 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
35 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
36 | // Set up the total supply for the token
37 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY, &total_supply.into());
38 | }
39 |
40 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
41 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY))
42 | }
43 | }
44 | }
45 | // Declares the dispatch and dispatch_ctor methods
46 | use pwasm_abi::eth::EndpointInterface;
47 |
48 | #[no_mangle]
49 | pub fn call() {
50 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
51 | // Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding for details
52 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&endpoint.dispatch(&pwasm_ethereum::input()));
53 | }
54 |
55 | #[no_mangle]
56 | pub fn deploy() {
57 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
58 | //
59 | endpoint.dispatch_ctor(&pwasm_ethereum::input());
60 | }
61 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/Cargo.lock:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/step-3/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 | pwasm-abi = "0.2"
10 | pwasm-abi-derive = "0.2"
11 | lazy_static = { version = "1.2.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
12 |
13 | [lib]
14 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
15 |
16 | [profile.release]
17 | panic = "abort"
18 | lto = true
19 | opt-level = "z"
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-3/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-3/src/lib.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #![no_std]
2 | #![allow(non_snake_case)]
3 | #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
4 |
5 | extern crate pwasm_std;
6 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
7 | extern crate pwasm_abi;
8 | extern crate pwasm_abi_derive;
9 |
10 | #[macro_use]
11 | extern crate lazy_static;
12 |
13 | pub mod token {
14 | use pwasm_ethereum;
15 | use pwasm_abi::types::*;
16 |
17 | // eth_abi is a procedural macros https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html
18 | use pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi;
19 |
20 | lazy_static! {
21 | static ref TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY: H256 =
22 | H256::from(
23 | [2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
24 | );
25 | }
26 |
27 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
28 | pub trait TokenInterface {
29 | /// The constructor
30 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
31 | /// Total amount of tokens
32 | #[constant]
33 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
34 | }
35 |
36 | pub struct TokenContract;
37 |
38 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
39 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
40 | // Set up the total supply for the token
41 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY, &total_supply.into());
42 | }
43 |
44 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
45 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY))
46 | }
47 | }
48 | }
49 | // Declares the dispatch and dispatch_ctor methods
50 | use pwasm_abi::eth::EndpointInterface;
51 |
52 | #[no_mangle]
53 | pub fn call() {
54 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
55 | // Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding for details
56 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&endpoint.dispatch(&pwasm_ethereum::input()));
57 | }
58 |
59 | #[no_mangle]
60 | pub fn deploy() {
61 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
62 | endpoint.dispatch_ctor(&pwasm_ethereum::input());
63 | }
64 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/Cargo.lock:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/step-4/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 | pwasm-abi = "0.2"
10 | pwasm-abi-derive = "0.2"
11 | lazy_static = { version = "1.2.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
12 |
13 | [lib]
14 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
15 |
16 | [profile.release]
17 | panic = "abort"
18 | lto = true
19 | opt-level = "z"
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-4/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
11 | ## Deploy
12 | See https://github.com/fckt/pwasm-tutorial#deploy
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-4/src/lib.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #![no_std]
2 | #![allow(non_snake_case)]
3 | #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
4 |
5 | extern crate pwasm_std;
6 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
7 | extern crate pwasm_abi;
8 | extern crate pwasm_abi_derive;
9 |
10 | #[macro_use]
11 | extern crate lazy_static;
12 |
13 | pub mod token {
14 | use pwasm_ethereum;
15 | use pwasm_abi::types::*;
16 |
17 | // eth_abi is a procedural macros https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html
18 | use pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi;
19 |
20 | lazy_static! {
21 | static ref TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY: H256 =
22 | H256::from(
23 | [2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
24 | );
25 | }
26 |
27 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
28 | pub trait TokenInterface {
29 | /// The constructor
30 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
31 | /// Total amount of tokens
32 | #[constant]
33 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
34 | /// What is the balance of a particular account?
35 | #[constant]
36 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, _owner: Address) -> U256;
37 | /// Transfer the balance from owner's account to another account
38 | fn transfer(&mut self, _to: Address, _amount: U256) -> bool;
39 | /// Event declaration
40 | #[event]
41 | fn Transfer(&mut self, indexed_from: Address, indexed_to: Address, _value: U256);
42 | }
43 |
44 | pub struct TokenContract;
45 |
46 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
47 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
48 | // Set up the total supply for the token
49 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY, &total_supply.into());
50 | }
51 |
52 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
53 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY))
54 | }
55 |
56 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
57 | read_balance_of(&owner)
58 | }
59 |
60 | fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, amount: U256) -> bool {
61 | let sender = pwasm_ethereum::sender();
62 | let senderBalance = read_balance_of(&sender);
63 | let recipientBalance = read_balance_of(&to);
64 | if amount == 0.into() || senderBalance < amount || to == sender {
65 | false
66 | } else {
67 | let new_sender_balance = senderBalance - amount;
68 | let new_recipient_balance = recipientBalance + amount;
69 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&sender), &new_sender_balance.into());
70 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&to), &new_recipient_balance.into());
71 | self.Transfer(sender, to, amount);
72 | true
73 | }
74 | }
75 | }
76 |
77 | // Reads balance by address
78 | fn read_balance_of(owner: &Address) -> U256 {
79 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&balance_key(owner)))
80 | }
81 |
82 | // Generates a balance key for some address.
83 | // Used to map balances with their owners.
84 | fn balance_key(address: &Address) -> H256 {
85 | let mut key = H256::from(*address);
86 | key.as_bytes_mut()[0] = 1; // just a naive "namespace";
87 | key
88 | }
89 | }
90 | // Declares the dispatch and dispatch_ctor methods
91 | use pwasm_abi::eth::EndpointInterface;
92 |
93 | #[no_mangle]
94 | pub fn call() {
95 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
96 | // Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding for details
97 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&endpoint.dispatch(&pwasm_ethereum::input()));
98 | }
99 |
100 | #[no_mangle]
101 | pub fn deploy() {
102 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
103 | endpoint.dispatch_ctor(&pwasm_ethereum::input());
104 | }
105 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/.cargo/config:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [target.wasm32-unknown-unknown]
2 | rustflags = [
3 | "-C", "link-args=-z stack-size=65536",
4 | ]
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | /target/
3 | **/*.rs.bk
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/Cargo.lock:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [package]
2 | name = "pwasm-tutorial-contract"
3 | version = "0.1.0"
4 | authors = ["Alexey Frolov "]
5 |
6 | [dependencies]
7 | pwasm-std = "0.13"
8 | pwasm-ethereum = "0.8"
9 | pwasm-abi = "0.2"
10 | pwasm-abi-derive = "0.2"
11 | lazy_static = { version = "1.2.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
12 |
13 | [dev-dependencies.pwasm-test]
14 | git = "https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-test"
15 | default-features = false
16 |
17 | [lib]
18 | crate-type = ["cdylib"]
19 |
20 | [features]
21 | std = ["pwasm-std/std", "pwasm-ethereum/std", "pwasm-test/std"]
22 |
23 | [profile.release]
24 | panic = "abort"
25 | lto = true
26 | opt-level = "z"
27 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ## Description
2 | The step-by-step project describes how to write a contract in Rust and compile in to Webassembly.
3 |
4 | ## Build
5 | Make sure you've installed [required tools](https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-tutorial/blob/master/README.md#tutorial-prerequisites)
6 | ```
7 | ./build.sh
8 | ```
9 | As a result the `pwasm_tutorial_contract.wasm` should be created under the `step-5/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/` directory.
10 |
11 | ## Deploy
12 | See https://github.com/fckt/pwasm-tutorial#deploy
13 |
14 | ## Test
15 | ```
16 | cargo test --features std
17 | ```
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/build.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | cargo build --release --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
4 | wasm-build --target=wasm32-unknown-unknown ./target pwasm_tutorial_contract
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/rust-toolchain:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | nightly-2018-11-12
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/step-5/src/lib.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #![no_std]
2 | #![allow(non_snake_case)]
3 | #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]
4 |
5 | extern crate pwasm_std;
6 | extern crate pwasm_ethereum;
7 | extern crate pwasm_abi;
8 | extern crate pwasm_abi_derive;
9 |
10 | pub mod token {
11 | use pwasm_ethereum;
12 | use pwasm_abi::types::*;
13 |
14 | // eth_abi is a procedural macros https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/procedural-macros.html
15 | use pwasm_abi_derive::eth_abi;
16 |
17 | lazy_static::lazy_static! {
18 | static ref TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY: H256 =
19 | H256::from(
20 | [2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
21 | );
22 | static ref OWNER_KEY: H256 =
23 | H256::from(
24 | [3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
25 | );
26 | }
27 |
28 | #[eth_abi(TokenEndpoint, TokenClient)]
29 | pub trait TokenInterface {
30 | /// The constructor
31 | fn constructor(&mut self, _total_supply: U256);
32 | /// Total amount of tokens
33 | #[constant]
34 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256;
35 | /// What is the balance of a particular account?
36 | #[constant]
37 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, _owner: Address) -> U256;
38 | /// Transfer the balance from owner's account to another account
39 | fn transfer(&mut self, _to: Address, _amount: U256) -> bool;
40 | /// Event declaration
41 | #[event]
42 | fn Transfer(&mut self, indexed_from: Address, indexed_to: Address, _value: U256);
43 | }
44 |
45 | pub struct TokenContract;
46 |
47 | impl TokenInterface for TokenContract {
48 | fn constructor(&mut self, total_supply: U256) {
49 | let sender = pwasm_ethereum::sender();
50 | // Set up the total supply for the token
51 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY, &total_supply.into());
52 | // Give all tokens to the contract owner
53 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&sender), &total_supply.into());
54 | // Set the contract owner
55 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&OWNER_KEY, &H256::from(sender).into());
56 | }
57 |
58 | fn totalSupply(&mut self) -> U256 {
59 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&TOTAL_SUPPLY_KEY))
60 | }
61 |
62 | fn balanceOf(&mut self, owner: Address) -> U256 {
63 | read_balance_of(&owner)
64 | }
65 |
66 | fn transfer(&mut self, to: Address, amount: U256) -> bool {
67 | let sender = pwasm_ethereum::sender();
68 | let senderBalance = read_balance_of(&sender);
69 | let recipientBalance = read_balance_of(&to);
70 | if amount == 0.into() || senderBalance < amount || to == sender {
71 | false
72 | } else {
73 | let new_sender_balance = senderBalance - amount;
74 | let new_recipient_balance = recipientBalance + amount;
75 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&sender), &new_sender_balance.into());
76 | pwasm_ethereum::write(&balance_key(&to), &new_recipient_balance.into());
77 | self.Transfer(sender, to, amount);
78 | true
79 | }
80 | }
81 | }
82 |
83 | // Reads balance by address
84 | fn read_balance_of(owner: &Address) -> U256 {
85 | U256::from_big_endian(&pwasm_ethereum::read(&balance_key(owner)))
86 | }
87 |
88 | // Generates a balance key for some address.
89 | // Used to map balances with their owners.
90 | fn balance_key(address: &Address) -> H256 {
91 | let mut key = H256::from(*address);
92 | key.as_bytes_mut()[0] = 1; // just a naive "namespace";
93 | key
94 | }
95 | }
96 | // Declares the dispatch and dispatch_ctor methods
97 | use pwasm_abi::eth::EndpointInterface;
98 |
99 | #[no_mangle]
100 | pub fn call() {
101 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
102 | // Read http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/abi-spec.html#formal-specification-of-the-encoding for details
103 | pwasm_ethereum::ret(&endpoint.dispatch(&pwasm_ethereum::input()));
104 | }
105 |
106 | #[no_mangle]
107 | pub fn deploy() {
108 | let mut endpoint = token::TokenEndpoint::new(token::TokenContract{});
109 | endpoint.dispatch_ctor(&pwasm_ethereum::input());
110 | }
111 |
112 | #[cfg(test)]
113 | #[allow(non_snake_case)]
114 | mod tests {
115 | extern crate pwasm_test;
116 | extern crate std;
117 | use super::*;
118 | use core::str::FromStr;
119 | use pwasm_abi::types::*;
120 | use self::pwasm_test::{ext_reset, ext_get};
121 | use token::TokenInterface;
122 |
123 | #[test]
124 | fn should_succeed_transfering_1000_from_owner_to_another_address() {
125 | let mut contract = token::TokenContract{};
126 | let owner_address = Address::from_str("ea674fdde714fd979de3edf0f56aa9716b898ec8").unwrap();
127 | let sam_address = Address::from_str("db6fd484cfa46eeeb73c71edee823e4812f9e2e1").unwrap();
128 | // Here we're creating an External context using ExternalBuilder and set the `sender` to the `owner_address`
129 | // so `pwasm_ethereum::sender()` in TokenInterface::constructor() will return that `owner_address`
130 | ext_reset(|e| e.sender(owner_address.clone()));
131 | let total_supply = 10000.into();
132 | contract.constructor(total_supply);
133 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), total_supply);
134 | assert_eq!(contract.transfer(sam_address, 1000.into()), true);
135 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), 9000.into());
136 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(sam_address), 1000.into());
137 | // 1 log entry should be created
138 | assert_eq!(ext_get().logs().len(), 1);
139 | }
140 |
141 | #[test]
142 | fn should_not_transfer_to_self() {
143 | let mut contract = token::TokenContract{};
144 | let owner_address = Address::from_str("ea674fdde714fd979de3edf0f56aa9716b898ec8").unwrap();
145 | ext_reset(|e| e.sender(owner_address.clone()));
146 | let total_supply = 10000.into();
147 | contract.constructor(total_supply);
148 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), total_supply);
149 | assert_eq!(contract.transfer(owner_address, 1000.into()), false);
150 | assert_eq!(contract.balanceOf(owner_address), 10000.into());
151 | assert_eq!(ext_get().logs().len(), 0);
152 | }
153 |
154 | }
155 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/wasm-dev-chain.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | "name": "DevelopmentChain",
3 | "engine": {
4 | "instantSeal": null
5 | },
6 | "params": {
7 | "wasmActivationTransition": "0x01",
8 | "eip658Transition": "0x01",
9 | "gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
10 | "accountStartNonce": "0x0",
11 | "maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
12 | "minGasLimit": "0x1388",
13 | "networkID" : "0x11",
14 | "maxCodeSize": 1000000,
15 | "maxCodeSizeTransition": 1
16 | },
17 | "genesis": {
18 | "seal": {
19 | "generic": "0x0"
20 | },
21 | "difficulty": "0x20000",
22 | "author": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
23 | "timestamp": "0x00",
24 | "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
25 | "extraData": "0x",
26 | "gasLimit": "0x5B8D8000"
27 | },
28 | "accounts": {
29 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
30 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
31 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
32 | "0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
33 | "0x004ec07d2329997267ec62b4166639513386f32e": { "balance": "1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376" }
34 | }
35 | }
36 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/wasm-install.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | # this script is intended to be used from .travis.yml
4 |
5 | curl -sL https://storage.googleapis.com/wasm-llvm/builds/linux/31834/wasm-binaries.tbz2 | tar xvkj
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------