├── .gitignore ├── src ├── bin │ ├── main.rs │ └── ethkey.rs ├── keccak.rs ├── random.rs ├── lib.rs ├── prefix.rs ├── brain.rs ├── error.rs ├── keypair.rs ├── primitive.rs └── signature.rs ├── Cargo.toml ├── .travis.yml ├── Cargo.lock ├── README.md └── LICENSE /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | target 2 | *.swp 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/bin/main.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #[cfg(feature = "cli")] 2 | include!("ethkey.rs"); 3 | 4 | #[cfg(not(feature = "cli"))] 5 | fn main() {} 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/keccak.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use tiny_keccak::Keccak; 2 | 3 | pub trait Keccak256 { 4 | fn keccak256(&self) -> T where T: Sized; 5 | } 6 | 7 | impl Keccak256<[u8; 32]> for [u8] { 8 | fn keccak256(&self) -> [u8; 32] { 9 | let mut keccak = Keccak::new_keccak256(); 10 | let mut result = [0u8; 32]; 11 | keccak.update(self); 12 | keccak.finalize(&mut result); 13 | result 14 | } 15 | } 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/random.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use rand::os::OsRng; 2 | use super::{Generator, KeyPair, Error, SECP256K1}; 3 | 4 | /// Randomly generates new keypair. 5 | pub struct Random; 6 | 7 | impl Generator for Random { 8 | fn generate(self) -> Result { 9 | let context = &SECP256K1; 10 | let mut rng = try!(OsRng::new()); 11 | let (sec, publ) = try!(context.generate_keypair(&mut rng)); 12 | 13 | Ok(KeyPair::from_keypair(sec, publ)) 14 | } 15 | } 16 | 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cargo.toml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [package] 2 | name = "ethkey" 3 | version = "0.2.0" 4 | authors = ["debris "] 5 | 6 | [dependencies] 7 | rand = "0.3.14" 8 | lazy_static = "0.2.1" 9 | tiny-keccak = "1.0" 10 | eth-secp256k1 = { git = "https://github.com/ethcore/rust-secp256k1" } 11 | rustc-serialize = "0.3" 12 | docopt = { version = "0.6", optional = true } 13 | 14 | [features] 15 | default = ["cli"] 16 | cli = ["docopt"] 17 | 18 | [[bin]] 19 | name = "ethkey" 20 | path = "src/bin/main.rs" 21 | doc = false 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/lib.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | extern crate rand; 2 | #[macro_use] 3 | extern crate lazy_static; 4 | extern crate tiny_keccak; 5 | extern crate secp256k1; 6 | extern crate rustc_serialize; 7 | 8 | mod brain; 9 | mod error; 10 | mod keypair; 11 | mod keccak; 12 | mod prefix; 13 | mod primitive; 14 | mod random; 15 | mod signature; 16 | 17 | lazy_static! { 18 | static ref SECP256K1: secp256k1::Secp256k1 = secp256k1::Secp256k1::new(); 19 | } 20 | 21 | /// Generates new keypair. 22 | pub trait Generator { 23 | /// Should be called to generate new keypair. 24 | fn generate(self) -> Result; 25 | } 26 | 27 | pub use self::brain::Brain; 28 | pub use self::error::Error; 29 | pub use self::keypair::{KeyPair, public_to_address}; 30 | pub use self::primitive::{Secret, Public, Address, Message}; 31 | pub use self::prefix::Prefix; 32 | pub use self::random::Random; 33 | pub use self::signature::{sign, verify_public, verify_address, recover, Signature}; 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/prefix.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use super::{Random, Generator, KeyPair, Error}; 2 | 3 | /// Tries to find keypair with address starting with given prefix. 4 | pub struct Prefix { 5 | prefix: Vec, 6 | iterations: usize, 7 | } 8 | 9 | impl Prefix { 10 | pub fn new(prefix: Vec, iterations: usize) -> Self { 11 | Prefix { 12 | prefix: prefix, 13 | iterations: iterations, 14 | } 15 | } 16 | } 17 | 18 | impl Generator for Prefix { 19 | fn generate(self) -> Result { 20 | for _ in 0..self.iterations { 21 | let keypair = try!(Random.generate()); 22 | if keypair.address().starts_with(&self.prefix) { 23 | return Ok(keypair) 24 | } 25 | } 26 | 27 | Err(Error::Custom("Could not find keypair".into())) 28 | } 29 | } 30 | 31 | #[cfg(test)] 32 | mod tests { 33 | use {Generator, Prefix}; 34 | 35 | #[test] 36 | fn prefix_generator() { 37 | let prefix = vec![0xffu8]; 38 | let keypair = Prefix::new(prefix.clone(), usize::max_value()).generate().unwrap(); 39 | assert!(keypair.address().starts_with(&prefix)); 40 | } 41 | } 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/brain.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use keccak::Keccak256; 2 | use super::{KeyPair, Error, Generator, Secret}; 3 | 4 | /// Simple brainwallet. 5 | pub struct Brain(String); 6 | 7 | impl Brain { 8 | pub fn new(s: String) -> Self { 9 | Brain(s) 10 | } 11 | } 12 | 13 | impl Generator for Brain { 14 | fn generate(self) -> Result { 15 | let seed = self.0; 16 | let mut secret = seed.bytes().collect::>().keccak256(); 17 | 18 | let mut i = 0; 19 | loop { 20 | secret = secret.keccak256(); 21 | 22 | match i > 16384 { 23 | false => i += 1, 24 | true => { 25 | let result = KeyPair::from_secret(Secret::from(secret.clone())); 26 | if result.is_ok() { 27 | return result 28 | } 29 | }, 30 | } 31 | } 32 | } 33 | } 34 | 35 | #[cfg(test)] 36 | mod tests { 37 | use {Brain, Generator}; 38 | 39 | #[test] 40 | fn test_brain() { 41 | let words = "this is sparta!".to_owned(); 42 | let first_keypair = Brain(words.clone()).generate().unwrap(); 43 | let second_keypair = Brain(words.clone()).generate().unwrap(); 44 | assert_eq!(first_keypair.secret(), second_keypair.secret()); 45 | } 46 | } 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.travis.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | sudo: false 2 | language: rust 3 | branches: 4 | only: 5 | - master 6 | matrix: 7 | fast_finish: false 8 | include: 9 | - rust: stable 10 | - rust: beta 11 | - rust: nightly 12 | after_success: | 13 | [ $TRAVIS_BRANCH = master ] && 14 | [ $TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST = false ] && 15 | [ $TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION = stable ] && 16 | cargo doc --no-deps --verbose && 17 | echo '' > target/doc/index.html && 18 | pip install --user ghp-import && 19 | /home/travis/.local/bin/ghp-import -n target/doc && 20 | git push -fq https://${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG}.git gh-pages 21 | env: 22 | global: 23 | - secure: 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 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/error.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use std::fmt; 2 | 3 | #[derive(Debug)] 4 | /// Crypto error 5 | pub enum Error { 6 | /// Invalid secret key 7 | InvalidSecret, 8 | /// Invalid public key 9 | InvalidPublic, 10 | /// Invalid address 11 | InvalidAddress, 12 | /// Invalid EC signature 13 | InvalidSignature, 14 | /// Invalid AES message 15 | InvalidMessage, 16 | /// IO Error 17 | Io(::std::io::Error), 18 | /// Custom 19 | Custom(String), 20 | } 21 | 22 | impl fmt::Display for Error { 23 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { 24 | let msg = match *self { 25 | Error::InvalidSecret => "Invalid secret key".into(), 26 | Error::InvalidPublic => "Invalid public key".into(), 27 | Error::InvalidAddress => "Invalid address".into(), 28 | Error::InvalidSignature => "Invalid EC signature".into(), 29 | Error::InvalidMessage => "Invalid AES message".into(), 30 | Error::Io(ref err) => format!("I/O error: {}", err), 31 | Error::Custom(ref s) => s.clone(), 32 | }; 33 | 34 | f.write_fmt(format_args!("Crypto error ({})", msg)) 35 | } 36 | } 37 | 38 | impl From<::secp256k1::Error> for Error { 39 | fn from(e: ::secp256k1::Error) -> Error { 40 | match e { 41 | ::secp256k1::Error::InvalidMessage => Error::InvalidMessage, 42 | ::secp256k1::Error::InvalidPublicKey => Error::InvalidPublic, 43 | ::secp256k1::Error::InvalidSecretKey => Error::InvalidSecret, 44 | _ => Error::InvalidSignature, 45 | } 46 | } 47 | } 48 | 49 | impl From<::std::io::Error> for Error { 50 | fn from(err: ::std::io::Error) -> Error { 51 | Error::Io(err) 52 | } 53 | } 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/keypair.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use std::fmt; 2 | use secp256k1::key; 3 | use rustc_serialize::hex::ToHex; 4 | use keccak::Keccak256; 5 | use super::{Secret, Public, Address, SECP256K1, Error}; 6 | 7 | pub fn public_to_address(public: &Public) -> Address { 8 | let hash = public.keccak256(); 9 | let mut result = Address::default(); 10 | result.copy_from_slice(&hash[12..]); 11 | result 12 | } 13 | 14 | /// secp256k1 key pair 15 | pub struct KeyPair { 16 | secret: Secret, 17 | public: Public, 18 | } 19 | 20 | impl fmt::Display for KeyPair { 21 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 22 | try!(writeln!(f, "secret: {}", self.secret.to_hex())); 23 | try!(writeln!(f, "public: {}", self.public.to_hex())); 24 | write!(f, "address: {}", self.address().to_hex()) 25 | } 26 | } 27 | 28 | impl KeyPair { 29 | /// Create a pair from secret key 30 | pub fn from_secret(secret: Secret) -> Result { 31 | let context = &SECP256K1; 32 | let s: key::SecretKey = try!(key::SecretKey::from_slice(context, &secret[..])); 33 | let pub_key = try!(key::PublicKey::from_secret_key(context, &s)); 34 | let serialized = pub_key.serialize_vec(context, false); 35 | 36 | let mut public = Public::default(); 37 | public.copy_from_slice(&serialized[1..65]); 38 | 39 | let keypair = KeyPair { 40 | secret: secret, 41 | public: public, 42 | }; 43 | 44 | Ok(keypair) 45 | } 46 | 47 | pub fn from_keypair(sec: key::SecretKey, publ: key::PublicKey) -> Self { 48 | let context = &SECP256K1; 49 | let serialized = publ.serialize_vec(context, false); 50 | let mut secret = Secret::default(); 51 | secret.copy_from_slice(&sec[0..32]); 52 | let mut public = Public::default(); 53 | public.copy_from_slice(&serialized[1..65]); 54 | 55 | KeyPair { 56 | secret: secret, 57 | public: public, 58 | } 59 | } 60 | 61 | pub fn secret(&self) -> &Secret { 62 | &self.secret 63 | } 64 | 65 | pub fn public(&self) -> &Public { 66 | &self.public 67 | } 68 | 69 | pub fn address(&self) -> Address { 70 | public_to_address(&self.public) 71 | } 72 | } 73 | 74 | #[cfg(test)] 75 | mod tests { 76 | use std::str::FromStr; 77 | use {KeyPair, Secret}; 78 | 79 | #[test] 80 | fn from_secret() { 81 | let secret = Secret::from_str("a100df7a048e50ed308ea696dc600215098141cb391e9527329df289f9383f65").unwrap(); 82 | let _ = KeyPair::from_secret(secret).unwrap(); 83 | } 84 | 85 | #[test] 86 | fn keypair_display() { 87 | let expected = 88 | "secret: a100df7a048e50ed308ea696dc600215098141cb391e9527329df289f9383f65 89 | public: 8ce0db0b0359ffc5866ba61903cc2518c3675ef2cf380a7e54bde7ea20e6fa1ab45b7617346cd11b7610001ee6ae5b0155c41cad9527cbcdff44ec67848943a4 90 | address: 5b073e9233944b5e729e46d618f0d8edf3d9c34a".to_owned(); 91 | let secret = Secret::from_str("a100df7a048e50ed308ea696dc600215098141cb391e9527329df289f9383f65").unwrap(); 92 | let kp = KeyPair::from_secret(secret).unwrap(); 93 | assert_eq!(format!("{}", kp), expected); 94 | } 95 | } 96 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/primitive.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut}; 2 | use std::{fmt, cmp, hash}; 3 | use std::str::FromStr; 4 | use rustc_serialize::hex::{ToHex, FromHex}; 5 | use Error; 6 | 7 | macro_rules! impl_primitive { 8 | ($name: ident, $size: expr, $err: expr) => { 9 | 10 | #[repr(C)] 11 | #[derive(Eq)] 12 | pub struct $name([u8; $size]); 13 | 14 | impl fmt::Debug for $name { 15 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 16 | write!(f, "{}", self.to_hex()) 17 | } 18 | } 19 | 20 | impl fmt::Display for $name { 21 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 22 | write!(f, "{}", self.to_hex()) 23 | } 24 | } 25 | 26 | impl FromStr for $name { 27 | type Err = Error; 28 | 29 | fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result { 30 | match s.from_hex() { 31 | Ok(ref hex) if hex.len() == $size => { 32 | let mut res = $name::default(); 33 | res.copy_from_slice(hex); 34 | Ok(res) 35 | }, 36 | _ => Err($err) 37 | } 38 | } 39 | } 40 | 41 | impl PartialEq for $name { 42 | fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { 43 | let self_ref: &[u8] = &self.0; 44 | let other_ref: &[u8] = &other.0; 45 | self_ref == other_ref 46 | } 47 | } 48 | 49 | impl PartialOrd for $name { 50 | fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option { 51 | let self_ref: &[u8] = &self.0; 52 | let other_ref: &[u8] = &other.0; 53 | self_ref.partial_cmp(other_ref) 54 | } 55 | } 56 | 57 | impl Ord for $name { 58 | fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering { 59 | let self_ref: &[u8] = &self.0; 60 | let other_ref: &[u8] = &other.0; 61 | self_ref.cmp(other_ref) 62 | } 63 | } 64 | 65 | impl Clone for $name { 66 | fn clone(&self) -> Self { 67 | let mut res = Self::default(); 68 | res.copy_from_slice(&self.0); 69 | res 70 | } 71 | } 72 | 73 | impl Default for $name { 74 | fn default() -> Self { 75 | $name([0u8; $size]) 76 | } 77 | } 78 | 79 | impl From<[u8; $size]> for $name { 80 | fn from(s: [u8; $size]) -> Self { 81 | $name(s) 82 | } 83 | } 84 | 85 | impl Into<[u8; $size]> for $name { 86 | fn into(self) -> [u8; $size] { 87 | self.0 88 | } 89 | } 90 | 91 | impl hash::Hash for $name { 92 | fn hash(&self, state: &mut H) where H: hash::Hasher { 93 | let self_ref: &[u8] = &self.0; 94 | self_ref.hash(state) 95 | } 96 | } 97 | 98 | impl Deref for $name { 99 | type Target = [u8; $size]; 100 | 101 | fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { 102 | &self.0 103 | } 104 | } 105 | 106 | impl DerefMut for $name { 107 | fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { 108 | &mut self.0 109 | } 110 | } 111 | } 112 | } 113 | 114 | impl_primitive!(Address, 20, Error::InvalidAddress); 115 | impl_primitive!(Secret, 32, Error::InvalidSecret); 116 | impl_primitive!(Message, 32, Error::InvalidMessage); 117 | impl_primitive!(Public, 64, Error::InvalidPublic); 118 | 119 | #[cfg(test)] 120 | mod tests { 121 | 122 | } 123 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cargo.lock: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [root] 2 | name = "ethkey" 3 | version = "0.2.0" 4 | dependencies = [ 5 | "docopt 0.6.80 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)", 6 | "eth-secp256k1 0.5.4 (git+https://github.com/ethcore/rust-secp256k1)", 7 | "lazy_static 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)", 8 | "rand 0.3.14 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dependencies = [ 146 | "thread-id 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)", 147 | ] 148 | 149 | [[package]] 150 | name = "tiny-keccak" 151 | version = "1.0.5" 152 | source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" 153 | 154 | [[package]] 155 | name = "utf8-ranges" 156 | version = "0.1.3" 157 | source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" 158 | 159 | [[package]] 160 | name = "winapi" 161 | version = "0.2.7" 162 | source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" 163 | 164 | [[package]] 165 | name = "winapi-build" 166 | version = "0.1.1" 167 | source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" 168 | 169 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # *DEPRECATED* 2 | 3 | Please use https://github.com/ethcore/parity/tree/master/ethkey 4 | 5 | 6 | # ethkey 7 | 8 | [![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-url] 9 | 10 | [travis-image]: https://travis-ci.org/ethcore/ethkey.svg?branch=master 11 | [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/ethcore/ethkey 12 | 13 | Ethereum keys generator. 14 | 15 | [Documentation](http://ethcore.github.io/ethkey/ethkey/index.html) 16 | 17 | ### Usage 18 | 19 | ``` 20 | Ethereum keys generator. 21 | Copyright 2016 Ethcore (UK) Limited 22 | 23 | Usage: 24 | ethkey info [options] 25 | ethkey generate random [options] 26 | ethkey generate prefix [options] 27 | ethkey generate brain [options] 28 | ethkey sign 29 | ethkey verify public 30 | ethkey verify address
31 | ethkey [-h | --help] 32 | 33 | Options: 34 | -h, --help Display this message and exit. 35 | -s, --secret Display only the secret. 36 | -p, --public Display only the public. 37 | -a, --address Display only the address. 38 | 39 | Commands: 40 | info Display public and address of the secret. 41 | generate Generates new ethereum key. 42 | random Random generation. 43 | prefix Random generation, but address must start with a prefix 44 | brain Generate new key from string seed. 45 | sign Sign message using secret. 46 | verify Verify signer of the signature. 47 | ``` 48 | 49 | ### Examples 50 | 51 | #### `info ` 52 | *Display info about private key.* 53 | 54 | - `` - ethereum secret, 32 bytes long 55 | 56 | ``` 57 | ethkey info 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 58 | ``` 59 | 60 | ``` 61 | secret: 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 62 | public: 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 63 | address: 26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5 64 | ``` 65 | 66 | -- 67 | 68 | #### `generate brain ` 69 | *Generate new brain-wallet keypair using 16384 iterations.* 70 | 71 | - `` - brain-wallet seed, any string 72 | 73 | 74 | ``` 75 | ethkey generate brain "this is sparta" 76 | ``` 77 | 78 | ``` 79 | secret: 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 80 | public: 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 81 | address: 26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5 82 | ``` 83 | 84 | -- 85 | 86 | #### `generate random` 87 | *Generate new keypair randomly.* 88 | 89 | ``` 90 | ethkey generate random 91 | ``` 92 | 93 | ``` 94 | secret: 7d29fab185a33e2cd955812397354c472d2b84615b645aa135ff539f6b0d70d5 95 | public: 35f222d88b80151857a2877826d940104887376a94c1cbd2c8c7c192eb701df88a18a4ecb8b05b1466c5b3706042027b5e079fe3a3683e66d822b0e047aa3418 96 | address: a8fa5dd30a87bb9e3288d604eb74949c515ab66e 97 | ``` 98 | 99 | -- 100 | 101 | #### `generate prefix ` 102 | *Generate new keypair randomly with address starting with prefix.* 103 | 104 | - `` - desired address prefix, 0 - 32 bytes long. 105 | - `` - maximum number of tries before generation is assumed to be a failure. 106 | 107 | ``` 108 | ethkey generate prefix ff 1000 109 | ``` 110 | 111 | ``` 112 | secret: 2075b1d9c124ea673de7273758ed6de14802a9da8a73ceb74533d7c312ff6acd 113 | public: 48dbce4508566a05509980a5dd1335599fcdac6f9858ba67018cecb9f09b8c4066dc4c18ae2722112fd4d9ac36d626793fffffb26071dfeb0c2300df994bd173 114 | address: fff7e25dff2aa60f61f9d98130c8646a01f31649 115 | ``` 116 | 117 | -- 118 | 119 | #### `sign ` 120 | *Sign a message with a secret.* 121 | 122 | - `` - ethereum secret, 32 bytes long 123 | - `` - message to sign, 32 bytes long 124 | 125 | ``` 126 | ethkey sign 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987 127 | ``` 128 | 129 | ``` 130 | c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200 131 | ``` 132 | 133 | -- 134 | 135 | #### `verify public ` 136 | *Verify the signature.* 137 | 138 | - `` - ethereum public, 64 bytes long 139 | - `` - message signature, 65 bytes long 140 | - `` - message, 32 bytes long 141 | 142 | ``` 143 | ethkey verify public 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200 bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987 144 | ``` 145 | 146 | ``` 147 | true 148 | ``` 149 | 150 | -- 151 | 152 | #### `verify address
` 153 | *Verify the signature.* 154 | 155 | - `
` - ethereum address, 20 bytes long 156 | - `` - message signature, 65 bytes long 157 | - `` - message, 32 bytes long 158 | 159 | ``` 160 | ethkey verify address 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200 bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987 161 | ``` 162 | 163 | ``` 164 | true 165 | ``` 166 | 167 | 168 | # Ethcore toolchain 169 | *this project is a part of the ethcore toolchain* 170 | 171 | - [**ethkey**](https://github.com/ethcore/ethkey) - Ethereum keys generator and signer. 172 | - [**ethstore**](https://github.com/ethcore/ethstore) - Ethereum key management. 173 | - [**ethabi**](https://github.com/ethcore/ethabi) - Ethereum function calls encoding. 174 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/signature.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut}; 2 | use std::{mem, fmt}; 3 | use std::str::FromStr; 4 | use secp256k1::{Message as SecpMessage, RecoverableSignature, RecoveryId, Error as SecpError}; 5 | use secp256k1::key::{SecretKey, PublicKey}; 6 | use rustc_serialize::hex::{ToHex, FromHex}; 7 | use {Secret, Public, SECP256K1, Error, Message, public_to_address, Address}; 8 | 9 | #[repr(C)] 10 | #[derive(Eq)] 11 | pub struct Signature([u8; 65]); 12 | 13 | impl Signature { 14 | /// Get a slice into the 'r' portion of the data. 15 | pub fn r(&self) -> &[u8] { 16 | &self.0[0..32] 17 | } 18 | 19 | /// Get a slice into the 's' portion of the data. 20 | pub fn s(&self) -> &[u8] { 21 | &self.0[32..64] 22 | } 23 | 24 | /// Get the recovery byte. 25 | pub fn v(&self) -> u8 { 26 | self.0[64] 27 | } 28 | } 29 | 30 | // manual implementation large arrays don't have trait impls by default. 31 | // remove when integer generics exist 32 | impl ::std::cmp::PartialEq for Signature { 33 | fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { 34 | &self.0[..] == &other.0[..] 35 | } 36 | } 37 | 38 | // also manual for the same reason, but the pretty printing might be useful. 39 | impl fmt::Debug for Signature { 40 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 41 | f.debug_struct("Signature") 42 | .field("r", &self.0[0..32].to_hex()) 43 | .field("s", &self.0[32..64].to_hex()) 44 | .field("v", &self.0[64..65].to_hex()) 45 | .finish() 46 | } 47 | } 48 | 49 | impl fmt::Display for Signature { 50 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 51 | write!(f, "{}", self.to_hex()) 52 | } 53 | } 54 | 55 | impl FromStr for Signature { 56 | type Err = Error; 57 | 58 | fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result { 59 | match s.from_hex() { 60 | Ok(ref hex) if hex.len() == 65 => { 61 | let mut data = [0; 65]; 62 | data.copy_from_slice(&hex[0..65]); 63 | Ok(Signature(data)) 64 | }, 65 | _ => Err(Error::InvalidSignature) 66 | } 67 | } 68 | } 69 | 70 | impl Default for Signature { 71 | fn default() -> Self { 72 | Signature([0; 65]) 73 | } 74 | } 75 | 76 | impl From<[u8; 65]> for Signature { 77 | fn from(s: [u8; 65]) -> Self { 78 | Signature(s) 79 | } 80 | } 81 | 82 | impl Into<[u8; 65]> for Signature { 83 | fn into(self) -> [u8; 65] { 84 | self.0 85 | } 86 | } 87 | 88 | impl Deref for Signature { 89 | type Target = [u8; 65]; 90 | 91 | fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { 92 | &self.0 93 | } 94 | } 95 | 96 | impl DerefMut for Signature { 97 | fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { 98 | &mut self.0 99 | } 100 | } 101 | 102 | pub fn sign(secret: &Secret, message: &Message) -> Result { 103 | let context = &SECP256K1; 104 | // no way to create from raw byte array. 105 | let sec: &SecretKey = unsafe { mem::transmute(secret) }; 106 | let s = try!(context.sign_recoverable(&try!(SecpMessage::from_slice(&message[..])), sec)); 107 | let (rec_id, data) = s.serialize_compact(context); 108 | let mut data_arr = [0; 65]; 109 | 110 | // no need to check if s is low, it always is 111 | data_arr[0..64].copy_from_slice(&data[0..64]); 112 | data_arr[64] = rec_id.to_i32() as u8; 113 | Ok(Signature(data_arr)) 114 | } 115 | 116 | pub fn verify_public(public: &Public, signature: &Signature, message: &Message) -> Result { 117 | let context = &SECP256K1; 118 | let rsig = try!(RecoverableSignature::from_compact(context, &signature[0..64], try!(RecoveryId::from_i32(signature[64] as i32)))); 119 | let sig = rsig.to_standard(context); 120 | 121 | let pdata: [u8; 65] = { 122 | let mut temp = [4u8; 65]; 123 | temp[1..65].copy_from_slice(public.deref()); 124 | temp 125 | }; 126 | 127 | let publ = try!(PublicKey::from_slice(context, &pdata)); 128 | match context.verify(&try!(SecpMessage::from_slice(&message[..])), &sig, &publ) { 129 | Ok(_) => Ok(true), 130 | Err(SecpError::IncorrectSignature) => Ok(false), 131 | Err(x) => Err(Error::from(x)) 132 | } 133 | } 134 | 135 | pub fn verify_address(address: &Address, signature: &Signature, message: &Message) -> Result { 136 | let public = try!(recover(signature, message)); 137 | let recovered_address = public_to_address(&public); 138 | Ok(address == &recovered_address) 139 | } 140 | 141 | pub fn recover(signature: &Signature, message: &Message) -> Result { 142 | let context = &SECP256K1; 143 | let rsig = try!(RecoverableSignature::from_compact(context, &signature[0..64], try!(RecoveryId::from_i32(signature[64] as i32)))); 144 | let pubkey = try!(context.recover(&try!(SecpMessage::from_slice(&message[..])), &rsig)); 145 | let serialized = pubkey.serialize_vec(context, false); 146 | 147 | let mut public = Public::default(); 148 | public.copy_from_slice(&serialized[1..65]); 149 | Ok(public) 150 | } 151 | 152 | #[cfg(test)] 153 | mod tests { 154 | use std::str::FromStr; 155 | use {Generator, Random, Message}; 156 | use super::{sign, verify_public, verify_address, recover, Signature}; 157 | 158 | #[test] 159 | fn signature_to_and_from_str() { 160 | let keypair = Random.generate().unwrap(); 161 | let message = Message::default(); 162 | let signature = sign(keypair.secret(), &message).unwrap(); 163 | let string = format!("{}", signature); 164 | let deserialized = Signature::from_str(&string).unwrap(); 165 | assert_eq!(signature, deserialized); 166 | } 167 | 168 | #[test] 169 | fn sign_and_recover_public() { 170 | let keypair = Random.generate().unwrap(); 171 | let message = Message::default(); 172 | let signature = sign(keypair.secret(), &message).unwrap(); 173 | assert_eq!(keypair.public(), &recover(&signature, &message).unwrap()); 174 | } 175 | 176 | #[test] 177 | fn sign_and_verify_public() { 178 | let keypair = Random.generate().unwrap(); 179 | let message = Message::default(); 180 | let signature = sign(keypair.secret(), &message).unwrap(); 181 | assert!(verify_public(keypair.public(), &signature, &message).unwrap()); 182 | } 183 | 184 | #[test] 185 | fn sign_and_verify_address() { 186 | let keypair = Random.generate().unwrap(); 187 | let message = Message::default(); 188 | let signature = sign(keypair.secret(), &message).unwrap(); 189 | assert!(verify_address(&keypair.address(), &signature, &message).unwrap()); 190 | } 191 | } 192 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/bin/ethkey.rs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | extern crate docopt; 2 | extern crate rustc_serialize; 3 | extern crate ethkey; 4 | 5 | use std::str::FromStr; 6 | use std::{env, fmt, process}; 7 | use std::num::ParseIntError; 8 | use docopt::Docopt; 9 | use rustc_serialize::hex::{FromHex, FromHexError}; 10 | use ethkey::{KeyPair, Random, Brain, Prefix, Error as EthkeyError, Generator, Secret, Message, Public, Signature, Address, sign, verify_public, verify_address}; 11 | 12 | pub const USAGE: &'static str = r#" 13 | Ethereum keys generator. 14 | Copyright 2016 Ethcore (UK) Limited 15 | 16 | Usage: 17 | ethkey info [options] 18 | ethkey generate random [options] 19 | ethkey generate prefix [options] 20 | ethkey generate brain [options] 21 | ethkey sign 22 | ethkey verify public 23 | ethkey verify address
24 | ethkey [-h | --help] 25 | 26 | Options: 27 | -h, --help Display this message and exit. 28 | -s, --secret Display only the secret. 29 | -p, --public Display only the public. 30 | -a, --address Display only the address. 31 | 32 | Commands: 33 | info Display public and address of the secret. 34 | generate Generates new ethereum key. 35 | random Random generation. 36 | prefix Random generation, but address must start with a prefix 37 | brain Generate new key from string seed. 38 | sign Sign message using secret. 39 | verify Verify signer of the signature. 40 | "#; 41 | 42 | #[derive(Debug, RustcDecodable)] 43 | struct Args { 44 | cmd_info: bool, 45 | cmd_generate: bool, 46 | cmd_random: bool, 47 | cmd_prefix: bool, 48 | cmd_brain: bool, 49 | cmd_sign: bool, 50 | cmd_verify: bool, 51 | cmd_public: bool, 52 | cmd_address: bool, 53 | arg_prefix: String, 54 | arg_iterations: String, 55 | arg_seed: String, 56 | arg_secret: String, 57 | arg_message: String, 58 | arg_public: String, 59 | arg_address: String, 60 | arg_signature: String, 61 | flag_secret: bool, 62 | flag_public: bool, 63 | flag_address: bool, 64 | } 65 | 66 | #[derive(Debug)] 67 | enum Error { 68 | Ethkey(EthkeyError), 69 | FromHex(FromHexError), 70 | ParseInt(ParseIntError), 71 | } 72 | 73 | impl From for Error { 74 | fn from(err: EthkeyError) -> Self { 75 | Error::Ethkey(err) 76 | } 77 | } 78 | 79 | impl From for Error { 80 | fn from(err: FromHexError) -> Self { 81 | Error::FromHex(err) 82 | } 83 | } 84 | 85 | impl From for Error { 86 | fn from(err: ParseIntError) -> Self { 87 | Error::ParseInt(err) 88 | } 89 | } 90 | 91 | impl fmt::Display for Error { 92 | fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { 93 | match *self { 94 | Error::Ethkey(ref e) => write!(f, "{}", e), 95 | Error::FromHex(ref e) => write!(f, "{}", e), 96 | Error::ParseInt(ref e) => write!(f, "{}", e), 97 | } 98 | } 99 | } 100 | 101 | enum DisplayMode { 102 | KeyPair, 103 | Secret, 104 | Public, 105 | Address, 106 | } 107 | 108 | impl DisplayMode { 109 | fn new(args: &Args) -> Self { 110 | if args.flag_secret { 111 | DisplayMode::Secret 112 | } else if args.flag_public { 113 | DisplayMode::Public 114 | } else if args.flag_address { 115 | DisplayMode::Address 116 | } else { 117 | DisplayMode::KeyPair 118 | } 119 | } 120 | } 121 | 122 | fn main() { 123 | match execute(env::args()) { 124 | Ok(ok) => println!("{}", ok), 125 | Err(err) => { 126 | println!("{}", err); 127 | process::exit(1); 128 | }, 129 | } 130 | } 131 | 132 | fn display(keypair: KeyPair, mode: DisplayMode) -> String { 133 | match mode { 134 | DisplayMode::KeyPair => format!("{}", keypair), 135 | DisplayMode::Secret => format!("{}", keypair.secret()), 136 | DisplayMode::Public => format!("{}", keypair.public()), 137 | DisplayMode::Address => format!("{}", keypair.address()), 138 | } 139 | } 140 | 141 | fn execute(command: I) -> Result where I: IntoIterator, S: AsRef { 142 | let args: Args = Docopt::new(USAGE) 143 | .and_then(|d| d.argv(command).decode()) 144 | .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit()); 145 | 146 | return if args.cmd_info { 147 | let display_mode = DisplayMode::new(&args); 148 | let secret = try!(Secret::from_str(&args.arg_secret)); 149 | let keypair = try!(KeyPair::from_secret(secret)); 150 | Ok(display(keypair, display_mode)) 151 | } else if args.cmd_generate { 152 | let display_mode = DisplayMode::new(&args); 153 | let keypair = if args.cmd_random { 154 | Random.generate() 155 | } else if args.cmd_prefix { 156 | let prefix = try!(args.arg_prefix.from_hex()); 157 | let iterations = try!(usize::from_str_radix(&args.arg_iterations, 10)); 158 | Prefix::new(prefix, iterations).generate() 159 | } else if args.cmd_brain { 160 | Brain::new(args.arg_seed).generate() 161 | } else { 162 | unreachable!(); 163 | }; 164 | Ok(display(try!(keypair), display_mode)) 165 | } else if args.cmd_sign { 166 | let secret = try!(Secret::from_str(&args.arg_secret)); 167 | let message = try!(Message::from_str(&args.arg_message)); 168 | let signature = try!(sign(&secret, &message)); 169 | Ok(format!("{}", signature)) 170 | } else if args.cmd_verify { 171 | let signature = try!(Signature::from_str(&args.arg_signature)); 172 | let message = try!(Message::from_str(&args.arg_message)); 173 | let ok = if args.cmd_public { 174 | let public = try!(Public::from_str(&args.arg_public)); 175 | try!(verify_public(&public, &signature, &message)) 176 | } else if args.cmd_address { 177 | let address = try!(Address::from_str(&args.arg_address)); 178 | try!(verify_address(&address, &signature, &message)) 179 | } else { 180 | unreachable!(); 181 | }; 182 | Ok(format!("{}", ok)) 183 | } else { 184 | unreachable!(); 185 | } 186 | } 187 | 188 | #[cfg(test)] 189 | mod tests { 190 | use super::execute; 191 | 192 | #[test] 193 | fn info() { 194 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "info", "17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55"] 195 | .into_iter() 196 | .map(Into::into) 197 | .collect::>(); 198 | 199 | let expected = 200 | "secret: 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 201 | public: 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 202 | address: 26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5".to_owned(); 203 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 204 | } 205 | 206 | #[test] 207 | fn brain() { 208 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "generate", "brain", "this is sparta"] 209 | .into_iter() 210 | .map(Into::into) 211 | .collect::>(); 212 | 213 | let expected = 214 | "secret: 17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55 215 | public: 689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124 216 | address: 26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5".to_owned(); 217 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 218 | } 219 | 220 | #[test] 221 | fn secret() { 222 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "generate", "brain", "this is sparta", "--secret"] 223 | .into_iter() 224 | .map(Into::into) 225 | .collect::>(); 226 | 227 | let expected = "17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55".to_owned(); 228 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 229 | } 230 | 231 | #[test] 232 | fn public() { 233 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "generate", "brain", "this is sparta", "--public"] 234 | .into_iter() 235 | .map(Into::into) 236 | .collect::>(); 237 | 238 | let expected = "689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124".to_owned(); 239 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 240 | } 241 | 242 | #[test] 243 | fn address() { 244 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "generate", "brain", "this is sparta", "--address"] 245 | .into_iter() 246 | .map(Into::into) 247 | .collect::>(); 248 | 249 | let expected = "26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5".to_owned(); 250 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 251 | } 252 | 253 | #[test] 254 | fn sign() { 255 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "sign", "17d08f5fe8c77af811caa0c9a187e668ce3b74a99acc3f6d976f075fa8e0be55", "bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987"] 256 | .into_iter() 257 | .map(Into::into) 258 | .collect::>(); 259 | 260 | let expected = "c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200".to_owned(); 261 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 262 | } 263 | 264 | #[test] 265 | fn verify_valid_public() { 266 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "verify", "public", "689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124", "c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200", "bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987"] 267 | .into_iter() 268 | .map(Into::into) 269 | .collect::>(); 270 | 271 | let expected = "true".to_owned(); 272 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 273 | } 274 | 275 | #[test] 276 | fn verify_valid_address() { 277 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "verify", "address", "26d1ec50b4e62c1d1a40d16e7cacc6a6580757d5", "c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200", "bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec987"] 278 | .into_iter() 279 | .map(Into::into) 280 | .collect::>(); 281 | 282 | let expected = "true".to_owned(); 283 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 284 | } 285 | 286 | #[test] 287 | fn verify_invalid() { 288 | let command = vec!["ethkey", "verify", "public", "689268c0ff57a20cd299fa60d3fb374862aff565b20b5f1767906a99e6e09f3ff04ca2b2a5cd22f62941db103c0356df1a8ed20ce322cab2483db67685afd124", "c1878cf60417151c766a712653d26ef350c8c75393458b7a9be715f053215af63dfd3b02c2ae65a8677917a8efa3172acb71cb90196e42106953ea0363c5aaf200", "bd50b7370c3f96733b31744c6c45079e7ae6c8d299613246d28ebcef507ec986"] 289 | .into_iter() 290 | .map(Into::into) 291 | .collect::>(); 292 | 293 | let expected = "false".to_owned(); 294 | assert_eq!(execute(command).unwrap(), expected); 295 | } 296 | } 297 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------