├── .gitignore ├── .travis.yml ├── AUTHORS.txt ├── CHANGES.txt ├── LICENSE.txt ├── MANIFEST ├── MANIFEST.in ├── README.markdown ├── ndd ├── __init__.py ├── detector.py ├── ndd.py ├── ndindex.py ├── ngram.py ├── sample_output.txt ├── test │ ├── file00.txt │ ├── file01.txt │ ├── file02.txt │ ├── file03.txt │ ├── file04.txt │ ├── file05.txt │ ├── file06.txt │ ├── file07.txt │ ├── file08.txt │ ├── file09.txt │ ├── file10.txt │ ├── file11.txt │ ├── file12.txt │ ├── file13.txt │ ├── file14.txt │ ├── file15.txt │ ├── file16.txt │ ├── file17.txt │ ├── file18.txt │ ├── file19.txt │ ├── file20.txt │ ├── file21.txt │ ├── file22.txt │ ├── file23.txt │ ├── file24.txt │ ├── file25.txt │ ├── file26.txt │ ├── file27.txt │ ├── file28.txt │ ├── file29.txt │ ├── file30.txt │ ├── file31.txt │ ├── file32.txt │ ├── file33.txt │ ├── file34.txt │ ├── file35.txt │ ├── file36.txt │ ├── file37.txt │ ├── file38.txt │ ├── file39.txt │ ├── file40.txt │ ├── file41.txt │ ├── file42.txt │ ├── file43.txt │ ├── file44.txt │ ├── file45.txt │ ├── file46.txt │ ├── file47.txt │ ├── file48.txt │ ├── file49.txt │ ├── file50.txt │ ├── file51.txt │ ├── file52.txt │ ├── file53.txt │ ├── file54.txt │ ├── file55.txt │ ├── file56.txt │ ├── file57.txt │ ├── file58.txt │ ├── file59.txt │ ├── file60.txt │ ├── file61.txt │ ├── file62.txt │ ├── file63.txt │ ├── file64.txt │ ├── file65.txt │ ├── file66.txt │ ├── file67.txt │ ├── file68.txt │ ├── file69.txt │ ├── file70.txt │ ├── file71.txt │ ├── file72.txt │ ├── file73.txt │ ├── file74.txt │ ├── file75.txt │ ├── file76.txt │ ├── file77.txt │ ├── file78.txt │ ├── file79.txt │ ├── file80.txt │ ├── file81.txt │ ├── file82.txt │ ├── file83.txt │ ├── file84.txt │ ├── file85.txt │ ├── file86.txt │ ├── file87.txt │ ├── file88.txt │ ├── file89.txt │ ├── file90.txt │ ├── file91.txt │ ├── file92.txt │ ├── file93.txt │ ├── file94.txt │ ├── file95.txt │ ├── file96.txt │ ├── file97.txt │ ├── file98.txt │ └── file99.txt └── unit │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── ndindex_spec.py │ ├── ngram_spec.py │ └── spec_runner.py └── setup.py /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .DS_Store 2 | *.pyc 3 | dist 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.travis.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | language: python 2 | python: 3 | - "2.7" 4 | - "3.3" 5 | - "pypy" 6 | script: 7 | - py.test ndd/unit/*_spec.py 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /AUTHORS.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Primary authors and contributors: 2 | 3 | * Parker Moore 4 | * Gustavo Armagno 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CHANGES.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | v0.1.0, 20130318 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Copyright (c) 2012 Parker Moore 2 | 3 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 4 | 5 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 6 | 7 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /MANIFEST: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # file GENERATED by distutils, do NOT edit 2 | AUTHORS.txt 3 | CHANGES.txt 4 | LICENSE.txt 5 | MANIFEST.in 6 | README.markdown 7 | setup.py 8 | ndd/__init__.py 9 | ndd/detector.py 10 | ndd/ndd.py 11 | ndd/ndindex.py 12 | ndd/ngram.py 13 | ndd/unit/__init__.py 14 | ndd/unit/ndindex_spec.py 15 | ndd/unit/ngram_spec.py 16 | ndd/unit/spec_runner.py 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /MANIFEST.in: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | include README.markdown 2 | include AUTHORS.txt 3 | include MANIFEST.in 4 | include CHANGES.txt 5 | include LICENSE.txt 6 | 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.markdown: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Near-Duplicate Detection 2 | 3 | This program identifies near-duplicates in a corpus using techniques described 4 | by Professor William Arms of Cornell University in his lectures to the students 5 | of INFO 4300, Information Retrieval, Fall 2012. 6 | 7 | This program was written by Parker Moore (pjm336), Fall 2012. 8 | 9 | It is hosten on GitHub at https://github.com/parkr/near-dup-detection 10 | 11 | [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/parkr/near-dup-detection.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/parkr/near-dup-detection?branch=master) 12 | 13 | ## Install 14 | 15 | ``` 16 | pip install git://github.com/parkr/near-dup-detection.git#egg=NearDuplicatesDetection 17 | ``` 18 | 19 | ## Usage 20 | 21 | python ndd.py 22 | 23 | ## Explanation of Methodology 24 | 25 | All of the logic for the program is built into the Detector class 26 | (`detector.py`). This class contains the methods and instance variables needed 27 | to detect near-duplicates, such as the `get_jaccard(file1, file2)` method, the 28 | `calculate_sketches()` method and the fundamental `create_3grams()` method. 29 | 30 | This program implements the standard procedure for detecting near-duplicates: 31 | 32 | 1. Generate n-grams (3-grams in this case) for each document. Assign these 33 | n-grams a unique ID based on a 64-bit hash. 34 | 2. Create 25 sketches for document based on 50 randomly selected 35 | numbers and some stuff we generated earlier: 36 | - `p` is the closest prime number to the # of n-grams 37 | - `a_s` random, in the range [1, p-1] 38 | - `b_s` random, in the range [0, p-1] 39 | - `x` is the n-gram ID (the hash generated in step 1) 40 | - using the equation: `f_s(x) = (a_s*x + b_s) % p` 41 | - note: this equation is calculated 25 times per document (one time per 42 | random pair `a_s` and `b_s`), but only the minimum result of 43 | `f_s(x)` for each of the 25 pairs is saved. Thus, at the end of 44 | the calculation, each document has 25 `f_min`'s, one for each 45 | pair of random numbers. 46 | 3. Go through each document and compare it to all the other documents using the 47 | Jaccard coefficient estimation equation : `J(d1, d2) = m/n`, where: 48 | - `m` = number of sketch values (must be at the same index in respective 49 | lists) which are the same between the two documents 50 | - `n` = number of samples (# of sketches) 51 | 4. Having defined an arbitrary Jaccard coefficient threshold of `0.5`, the 52 | program prints out the names of the documents whose Jaccard coefficient 53 | is greater than the threshold previously defined, as well as the corresponding 54 | Jaccard coefficient. 55 | 56 | As an addendum to the project, the three "nearest neighbors" to the first ten 57 | documents is calculated at the end using the same method (and the data from 58 | before). 59 | 60 | ## License 61 | 62 | Standard GPLv2 license applies. Copyright (2012) Parker Moore. 63 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/parkr/near-dup-detection/92ecfba04300cdf6fafcbf7072247ad03b7710c7/ndd/__init__.py -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/detector.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Detector class 2 | # 3 | # Written by Parker Moore (pjm336) 4 | # http://www.parkermoore.de 5 | 6 | import os 7 | from ndindex import NearDuplicatesIndex 8 | 9 | class Detector: 10 | def __init__(self, test_docs_dir="./test"): 11 | self.test_docs_dir = test_docs_dir 12 | self.files = [d for d in os.listdir(test_docs_dir) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(test_docs_dir, d)) and d[0] != "." ] 13 | 14 | self.index = NearDuplicatesIndex() 15 | 16 | # Calculate near-duplicates index 17 | for file in self.files: 18 | filename = self.filename(file) 19 | with open(filename) as f: 20 | doc = f.read().strip().strip(",.!|&-_()[]<>{}/\"'").strip().split(" ") 21 | self.index.append(doc, filename) 22 | 23 | # Public: returns the full relative path from the base dir of the project 24 | # to the filename input 25 | # 26 | # filename - the filename relative to the test directory 27 | # 28 | # Returns full filename (including test directory) 29 | def filename(self, filename): 30 | return "%s/%s" % (self.test_docs_dir, filename) 31 | 32 | # Public: checks for near-duplicates in the set of files based on jaccard 33 | # coefficient threshold of 0.5 34 | # 35 | # Returns a string containing formatted names and coefficients of 36 | # documents whose jaccard coefficient is greater than 0.5 37 | def check_for_duplicates(self): 38 | matches = [] 39 | for indx1, f1 in enumerate(self.files): 40 | file1 = self.filename(f1) 41 | for indx2, f2 in enumerate(self.files[indx1+1:]): 42 | file2 = self.filename(f2) 43 | jaccard = self.index.get_jaccard(file1, file2) 44 | if jaccard > 0.5: 45 | matches.append("%s and %s are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of %0.3f." % (f1, f2, jaccard)) 46 | return "\n".join(matches) 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/ndd.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #! /usr/bin/env python 2 | # Main near-duplicate detection "runner" 3 | # 4 | # Written by Parker Moore (pjm336) 5 | # http://www.parkermoore.de 6 | 7 | import operator, copy 8 | from detector import Detector 9 | 10 | if __name__ == "__main__": 11 | # run the program 12 | detector = Detector('./test') 13 | print "Checking for duplicates using NDD..." 14 | duplicates = detector.check_for_duplicates() 15 | if duplicates: 16 | print "Duplicates found (Jaccard coefficient > 0.5):" 17 | print duplicates 18 | 19 | print "Printing three nearest neighbors of the first 10 files..." 20 | filenames_of_first_ten = [detector.filename("file%02d.txt") % (f,) for f in xrange(10)] 21 | filenames_of_first_one_hundred = [detector.filename("file%02d.txt") % (f,) for f in xrange(100)] 22 | for index1, j in enumerate(filenames_of_first_ten): 23 | jaccard_coefficients = [0] * 100 24 | for index2, d in enumerate(filenames_of_first_one_hundred): 25 | if index1 != index2: 26 | jaccard_coefficients[index2] = detector.index.get_jaccard(j, d) 27 | three_nearest = [] 28 | nearest_count = -1 29 | jcos = copy.deepcopy(jaccard_coefficients) 30 | while len(three_nearest) < 3: 31 | index,coefficient = max(enumerate(jcos), key=operator.itemgetter(1)) 32 | del jcos[index] 33 | # put the index back where it was in the original jaccard_coefficients 34 | if nearest_count == 0 and index >= three_nearest[0][0]: 35 | index += 1 36 | if nearest_count == 1: 37 | if index >= three_nearest[0][0]: 38 | index += 1 39 | if index >= three_nearest[1][0]: 40 | index += 1 41 | three_nearest.append((index,coefficient)) 42 | nearest_count += 1 43 | print "Three nearest neighbors to %s:" % ("file%02d.txt" % index1) 44 | for near in sorted(three_nearest, key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True): 45 | print "\t%s with Jaccard coefficient of %0.3f" % ("file%02d.txt" % near[0], near[1]) 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/ngram.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Ngram class 2 | # 3 | # Written by Parker Moore (pjm336) 4 | # http://www.parkermoore.de 5 | 6 | class Ngram: 7 | 8 | def __init__(self, value): 9 | self.value = value 10 | self.ID = self.__hash__() 11 | 12 | def __eq__(self, other): 13 | return self.value.__eq__(other.value) 14 | 15 | def __hash__(self): 16 | return self.value.__hash__() 17 | 18 | def __str__(self): 19 | return self.value.__str__() 20 | 21 | def __repr__(self): 22 | return self.value.__str__() 23 | 24 | def __hash__(self): 25 | return hash(self.value) 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/sample_output.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ~/Cornell/info-4300/near-dup-detection$ python ndd.py 2 | Creating 3-grams for each document... 3 | 3-gram generation is complete. 4 | Calculating sketches for each document... 5 | Sketch calculation is complete. 6 | Checking for duplicates using NDD... 7 | Duplicates found (Jaccard coefficient > 0.5): 8 | file01.txt and file75.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.960. 9 | file02.txt and file76.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.960. 10 | file03.txt and file87.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 1.000. 11 | file09.txt and file64.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.880. 12 | file14.txt and file88.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.960. 13 | file18.txt and file99.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.840. 14 | file23.txt and file51.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.960. 15 | file25.txt and file40.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 1.000. 16 | file32.txt and file52.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 1.000. 17 | file34.txt and file63.txt are near-duplicates, with Jaccard value of 0.960. 18 | Printing three nearest neighbors of the first 10 files... 19 | Three nearest neighbors to file00.txt: 20 | file65.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.280 21 | file66.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.240 22 | file44.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 23 | Three nearest neighbors to file01.txt: 24 | file75.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.960 25 | file74.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.280 26 | file68.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 27 | Three nearest neighbors to file02.txt: 28 | file76.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.960 29 | file81.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 30 | file85.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 31 | Three nearest neighbors to file03.txt: 32 | file87.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 1.000 33 | file80.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.120 34 | file84.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.120 35 | Three nearest neighbors to file04.txt: 36 | file71.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.280 37 | file68.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 38 | file70.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 39 | Three nearest neighbors to file05.txt: 40 | file82.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 41 | file56.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.080 42 | file77.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.080 43 | Three nearest neighbors to file06.txt: 44 | file77.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 45 | file79.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 46 | file85.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 47 | Three nearest neighbors to file07.txt: 48 | file80.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 49 | file81.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.160 50 | file10.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.080 51 | Three nearest neighbors to file08.txt: 52 | file84.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 53 | file80.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.120 54 | file82.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.120 55 | Three nearest neighbors to file09.txt: 56 | file64.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.880 57 | file69.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 58 | file73.txt with Jaccard coefficient of 0.200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file01.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Next NASA Earth-Observing Satellite Arrives in California for Launch 08.31.11 NASAs NPP mission will continue collecting critical climate data to help scientist unravel the mysteries of climate change NPP is carrying five instruments on board The biggest and most important instrument is The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite or VIIRS This video focuses on VIIRS and why it is so important to Earths science On Tuesday Aug 30 NASAs next earth-observing research satellite arrived at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California to begin preparations for an October launch The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project NPP is the first of a new generation of satellites that will observe many facets of our changing Earth long-term climate change and short-term weather conditions With NPP NASA continues many key data records initiated by the agencys Earth Observing System satellites by monitoring changes occurring in the atmosphere oceans vegetation ice and solid Earth On Aug 28 NPP was placed in a shipping container and loaded on a transport truck at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp in Boulder Colo After Tuesdays arrival the satellite was unloaded and moved into the clean room at the AstroTech facility for launch preparation The NPP team has produced an outstanding satellite and kept to schedule over the past year and a half said Ken Schwer NPP project manager at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md The world is looking forward to NPPs scientific measurements The NPP spacecraft will undergo prelaunch processing at Vandenberg including a solar array functional test a spacecraft limited performance test and testing of the science instruments Following these tests and a spacecraft launch simulation the satellite will be fueled with its attitude control propellant NPP will be launched on a United Launch Alliance Delta II 7920 expendable launch vehicle The Delta II first stage was hoisted into position on the pad at NASAs Space Launch Complex 2 on July 20 By Aug 2 the nine solid rocket boosters were attached and the second stage was hoisted atop the first stage Launch vehicle testing is under way The NPP spacecraft is scheduled to move to the pad and be mated with the rocket on Oct 7 Launch is scheduled for Oct 25 during a 9-minute and 10-second launch window from 5:48:01 to 5:57:11 a.m. EDT The Delta II will place the satellite into a 512-mile high circular polar orbit NPP is the first satellite mission to address the challenge of acquiring a wide range of land ocean and atmospheric measurements for Earth system science while simultaneously preparing to address operational requirements for weather forecasting NPP serves as a bridge between NASAs Earth Observing System of satellites and the forthcoming Joint Polar Satellite System JPSS Previously called the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System JPSS satellites will be developed by NASA for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA NPP will carry five science instruments and test key technologies for the JPSS missions Data from NPP will help scientists ensure a continuous record of environmental satellite data and also contribute to weather forecasting efforts NOAA meteorologists will incorporate NPP data into their weather prediction models to produce accurate forecasts and warnings that will help emergency responders monitor and react to natural disasters 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file03.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Hubble Movies Provide Unprecedented View of Supersonic Jets From Young Stars08.31.11 New movies created from years of still images collected by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope provide new details about the stellar birthing process showing energetic jets of glowing gas ejected from young stars in unprecedented detail The jets are a byproduct of gas accretion around newly forming stars and shoot off at supersonic speeds of about 100 miles per second in opposite directions through space These phenomena are providing clues about the final stages of a stars birth offering a peek at how our Sun came into existence 4.5 billion years ago Hubbles unique sharpness allows astronomers to see changes in the jets over just a few years time Most astronomical processes change over timescales that are much longer than a human lifetime A team of scientists led by astronomer Patrick Hartigan of Rice University in Houston Texas collected enough high-resolution Hubble images over a 14-year period to stitch together time-lapse movies of the jets ejected from three young stars NASAs Hubble Space Telescope saw how a bright clumpy jet called Herbig-Haro 34 or HH 34 that was ejected from a young star has changed over time Several bright regions in the lumpy gas signify where material is slamming into each other heating up and glowing Red areas indicate where heated material cooled Two regions at left indicate fresh collision sites A small knot of material within the blue feature left is either a new jet or magnetic energy being emitted by the star Never-before-seen details in the jets structure include knots of gas brightening and dimming over time and collisions between fast-moving and slow-moving material creating glowing arrowhead features The twin jets are not ejected in a steady stream like water flowing from a garden hose Instead they are launched sporadically in clumps The beaded-jet structure might be like a ticker tape recording how material episodically fell onto the star For the first time we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies said Hartigan Those interactions tell us how young stars influence the environments out of which they form With movies like these we can now compare observations of the jets with those produced by computer simulations and laboratory experiments to see what aspects of the interactions we understand and what parts we dont understand Jets are an active short-lived phase of star formation lasting only about 100000 years Astronomers dont know precisely what role jets play in the star-formation process or exactly how the star unleashes them The jets appear to work in concert with magnetic fields This helps bleed excess angular momentum from infalling material that is swirling rapidly Once the material slows down it feeds the growing protostar allowing it to fully condense into a mature star Hartigan and his colleagues used the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to study the jets called Herbig-Haro HH objects named in honor of George Herbig and Guillermo Haro who studied the outflows in the 1950s Hubble followed HH 1 HH 2 HH 34 HH 46 and HH 47 over three epochs 1994 1998 and 2008 The team used computer software that wove together the observations to generate movies showing continuous motion Taken together our results paint a picture of jets as remarkably diverse objects that undergo highly structured interactions both within the material in the outflow and between the jet and the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the bulk of the existing simulations many of which depict jets as smooth systems 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file10.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Up from the depths: How bacteria capture carbon in the twilight zone September 2 2011 02:20 AM Understanding the flow and processing of carbon in the worlds oceans which cover 70 percent of Earths surface is central to understanding global climate cycles with many questions remaining unanswered Between 200 and 1000 meters below the ocean surface exists a twilight zone where insufficient sunlight penetrates for microorganisms to perform photosynthesis Despite this it is known that microbes resident at these depths capture carbon dioxide that they then use to form cellular structures and carry out necessary metabolic reactions so that they can survive and reproduce Details are now emerging about a microbial metabolic pathway that helps solve the mystery of how certain bacteria do this in the dark ocean These research results which are enabling a better understanding of what happens to the carbon that is fixed in the oceans every year were published by a team of researchers including those from the U.S. Department of Energy DOE Joint Genome Institute JGI in the September 2 2011 edition of Science Carbon fixation in the dark ocean has so far been attributed primarily to the Archaea single-celled organisms that often live in extreme environmental conditions In this region of the ocean the bacteria living there were thought to rely on organic compounds for both energy and carbon According to DOE JGI collaborator Ramunas Stepanauskas Director of the Bigelow Laboratory Single Cell Genomics Center and senior author of the Science paper Previous oceanographic models suggested that Archaea do not adequately account for the amount of carbon that is being fixed in the dark ocean Our study discovered specific types of Bacteria rather than Archaea and their likely energy sources that may be responsible for this major unaccounted component of the dark ocean carbon cycle To overcome the challenge that had hindered studies of deep ocean microbes which have not yet been cultivated in the laboratory researchers employed innovative single-cell genomics techniques where DOE JGIs Tanja Woyke and Alexander Sczyrba Bigelow Laboratorys Ramunas Stepanauskas and their teams are among the pioneers Study co-author Woyke explained After we sequenced the genomes of single cells that were isolated by our colleagues at Bigelow it was possible to verify the predominant bacterial lineages capable of trapping carbon in this deep underwater region This study represents a pristine example for the use of single cell genome sequencing to decipher the metabolic capabilities of uncultured natural microbial consortia providing a powerful complement to metagenomics Stepanauskas attributed the success of the project to the combined efforts of the DOE JGI the Bigelow Laboratory the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute the University of Vienna and MIT This is the first application of a single-cell genomic approach to the deep ocean one of the largest and least known biomes on the planet emphasized David Kirchman Harrington Professor of Marine Biosciences at the University of Delaware The paper radically changes our view about how microbes gain energy and flourish in the oceans 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file12.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Resistance to antibiotics is ancient McMaster study finds September 2 2011 02:20 AM Scientists were surprised at how fast bacteria developed resistance to the miracle antibiotic drugs when they were developed less than a century ago Now scientists at McMaster University have found that resistance has been around for at least 30000 years Research findings published today in the science journal Nature show antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that predates the modern clinical antibiotic use Principal investigators for the study are Gerry Wright scientific director of the Michael G DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and Hendrik Poinar McMaster evolutionary geneticist Antibiotic resistance is seen as a current problem and the fact that antibiotics are becoming less effective because of resistance spreading in hospitals is a known fact said Wright The big question is where does all of this resistance come from After years of studying bacterial DNA extracted from soil frozen in 30000-year-old permafrost from the Yukon Territories the researchers were able to develop methods to isolate DNA within McMasters Ancient DNA Centre Using state-of-the-art molecular biological techniques methods were developed to tease out small stretches of ancient DNA Researchers discovered antibiotic resistant genes existed beside genes that encoded DNA for ancient life such as mammoths horse and bison as well as plants only found in that locality during the last interglacial period in the Pleistocene era at least 30000 years ago They focused on a specific area of antibiotic resistance to the drug vancomycin a significant clinical problem that emerged in 1980s and continues to be associated with outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections worldwide We identified that these genes were present in the permafrost at depths consistent with the age of the other DNAs such as the mammoth Brian Golding of McMasters Department of Biology showed that these were not contemporary but formed part of the same family tree We then recreated the gene product in the lab purified its protein and showed that it had the same activity and structure then as it does now This is only the second time an ancient protein has been revived in a laboratory setting Wright said the breakthrough will have important impact on the understanding of antibiotic resistance: Antibiotics are part of the natural ecology of the planet so when we think that we have developed some drug that wont be susceptible to resistance or some new thing to use in medicine we are completely kidding ourselves These things are part of our natural world and therefore we need to be incredibly careful in how we use them Microorganisms have figured out a way of how to get around them well before we even figured out how to use them Poinar says this discovery has opened doors for ancient antibiotic resistance research We can go back a million years in the permafrost which is our next goal Funding for this project came from the Canada Research Chairs program the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file13.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Warming streams could be the end for salmon September 2 2011 02:20 AM California Chinook salmon face many threats but a new study predicts that climate change alone could finish them off as streams become too warm for spawning Warming streams could spell the end of spring-run Chinook salmon in California by the end of the century according to a study by scientists at UC Davis the Stockholm Environment Institute and the National Center for Atmospheric Research There are options for managing water resources to protect the salmon runs although they would impact hydroelectric power generation said Lisa Thompson director of the Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at UC Davis A paper describing the study is published online this week by the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management There are things that we can do so that we have the water we need and also have something left for the fish Thompson said Working with Marisa Escobar and David Purkey at SEIs Davis office Thompson and colleagues at UC Davis used a model of the Butte Creek watershed taking into account the dams and hydropower installations along the river combined with a model of the salmon population to test the effect of different water management strategies on the fish They fed in scenarios for climate change out to 2099 from models developed by David Yates at NCAR in Boulder Colo In almost all scenarios the fish died out because streams became too warm for adults to survive the summer to spawn in the fall Warming temperatures mean that salmon may no longer be able to spawn in Californias creeks unless water is diverted from other uses The only option that preserved salmon populations at least for a few decades was to reduce diversions for hydropower generation at the warmest time of the year If we leave the water in the stream at key times of the year the stream stays cooler and fish can make it through to the fall Thompson said Summer of course is also peak season for energy demand in California But Thompson noted that it might be possible to generate more power upstream while holding water for salmon at other locations Hydropower is often part of renewable energy portfolios designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Purkey said but it can complicate efforts to adapt water management regimes to a warming world Yet it need not be all-or-nothing he said The goal should be to identify regulatory regimes which meet ecosystem objectives with minimal impact on hydropower production he said The kind of work we did in Butte Creek is essential to seeking these outcomes There are also other options that are yet to be fully tested Thompson said such as storing cold water upstream and dumping it into the river during a heat wave That would both help fish and create a surge of hydropower Salmon are already under stress from multiple causes including pollution and introduced predators and competitors Thompson said Even if those problems were solved temperature alone would finish off the salmon but that problem can be fixed she said 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file15.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | A question of gene silencing August 24 2011 05:55 PM When investigating cancer cells researchers discovered numerous peculiarities: Particular RNA molecules are present in large numbers particular genes are overactive Do these characteristics have a relation to cancer Do they promote cell growth Do they inactivate growth brakes or are they just a whim of nature To find clues for answering these questions scientists perform what are called loss-of-function analyses They knock out silence the gene of interest in living cells or whole organisms and subsequently look for any changes in the cells metabolism physiology or behavior in order to find out whether specific cellular functions are lost However what was still missing was a method for selectively silencing those genes that do not code for proteins said Dr Sven Diederichs who is head of a Junior Research Group at DKFZ and at the Institute of Pathology of Heidelberg University With his team the molecular biologist has now developed a new method for selectively silencing such non-protein-coding genes and thus determining their function In many cancers we find that specific non- coding genes are particularly active Therefore we want to understand what the RNA molecules transcribed from these genes bring about in the tumor cells Diederichs and his team have based their method on the use of zinc finger nucleases These are engineered protein molecules that cut DNA at precisely defined sites and thus facilitate specific targeting and cutting of genes Although the cells repair machinery will re-connect the two ends after the cutting process silencing works well for protein-coding genes The repair enzymes usually do not repair the site precisely and insert small defects This destroys the protein information so that the proteins can no longer be formed For non-protein-coding genes however such small defects are not relevant Therefore mere cutting does not bring the desired result The repair process simply results in another functioning gene that is transcribed into RNA molecules The Heidelberg researchers therefore used a trick: The repair proteins are also able to integrate small DNA segments when mending the two ends Therefore the molecular biologists integrated a signaling sequence at the site where the gene was cut This sequence causes the RNA transcript of this gene to be broken down at once so that it is not available for any cellular functions The resulting changes in cellular biology can then be analyzed comprehensively We are now able for the first time to completely silence the non-protein-coding genes and thus study their molecular and cellular functions said Sven Diederichs when explaining the goal of his research approach It is very likely that these genes play an important role in cancer development We are sure it is not by chance that they are so very active particularly in tumor cells 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file16.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Scripps Research scientists help pinpoint cause of stress-related DNA damage August 22 2011 04:10 PM Working closely with a team of researchers from Duke University scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have helped identify a molecular pathway that plays a key role in stress-related damage to the genome the entirety of an organisms hereditary information The new findings published in the journal Nature on August 21 2011 could not only explain the development of certain human disorders they could also offer a potential model for prevention and therapy While the human mind and body are built to respond to stress the well-known fight or flight response which lasts only a few minutes and raises heart rate and blood glucose levels the response itself can cause significant damage if maintained over long periods of time When stress becomes chronic this natural response can lead to a number of disease-related symptoms including peptic ulcers and cardiovascular disorders To make matters worse evidence indicates that chronic stress eventually leads to DNA damage which in turn can result in various neuropsychiatric conditions miscarriages cancer and even aging itself Until the new study however exactly how chronic stress wreaks havoc on DNA was basically unknown Precisely how chronic stress leads to DNA damage is not fully understood said Derek Duckett associate scientific director of the Translational Research Institute at Scripps Florida Our research now outlines a novel mechanism highlighting beta-arrestin-1 as an important player The long-term effects of these stress hormones on DNA damage identified in the study represent a conceptual as well as a tangible advance according to Robert J Lefkowitz a Duke University professor of medicine who led the study Since stress is not time-limited and can be sustained over months or even years it is well appreciated that persistent stress may have adverse effects for the individual These new findings not only uncover a novel pathway but also have important practical implications Our results provide a possible mechanistic basis for several recent reports suggesting that significant risk reductions for diseases such as prostate cancer lung adenocarcinoma and Alzheimers disease may be associated with blockade of this particular stress-response pathway by beta blockers Leftkowitz said Although there are most likely numerous pathways involved in the onset of stress-related diseases our results raise the possibility that such therapies might reduce some of the deleterious DNA-damaging consequences of long-term stress in humans A Newly Discovered Mechanism The newly uncovered mechanism involves beta-arrestin-1 proteins beta2-adrenoreceptors beta2ARs and the catecholamines the classic fight-or-flight hormones released during times of stress adrenaline noradrenaline and dopamine Arrestin proteins are involved in modifying the cells response to neurotransmitters hormones and sensory signals adrenoceptors respond to the catecholamines noradrenaline and adrenaline Under stress the hormone adrenaline stimulates beta2ARs expressed throughout the body including sex cells and embryos Through a series of complex chemical reactions the activated receptors recruit beta-arrestin-1 creating a signaling pathway that leads to catecholamine-induced degradation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 sometimes described as the guardian of the genome The new findings also suggest that this degradation of p53 leads to chromosome rearrangement and a build-up of DNA damage both in normal and sex cells These types of abnormalities are the primary cause of miscarriages congenital defects and mental retardation the study noted 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file18.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Research finds Greenland glacier melting faster than expected August 18 2011 03:19 PM A key glacier in Greenland is melting faster than previously expected according to findings by a team of academics including Dr Edward Hanna from University of Sheffield Dr Hanna from the University of Sheffields Department of Geography was part of a team of researchers that also included Dr Sebastian Mernild from the Los Alamos Laboratory USA and Professor Niels Tvis Knudsen from the University of Aarhus Denmark The teams new findings present crucial insight into the effects of climate change The researchers found that Greenlands longest-observed glacier Mittivakkat Glacier made two consecutive record losses in mass observations for 2010 and 2011 The observations indicate that the total 2011 mass budget loss was 2.45 metres 0.29 metres higher than the previous observed record loss in 2010 The 2011 value was also significantly above the 16-year average observed loss of 0.97 metres per year The 2011 observations further illustrate even comparing the mass balance value against simulated glacier mass balance values back to 1898 that 2011 is a record-breaking glacier mass loss year Mittivakkat Glacier has been surveyed for mass balance and glacier front fluctuations since 1995 and 1931 respectively In 2011 the glacier terminus has retreated about 22 metres 12 metres less than the observed record of 34 metres in 2010 and approximately 1300 metres in total since the first photographic observations in 1931 These observations suggest that recent Mittivakkat Glacier mass losses which have been driven largely by higher surface temperatures and low precipitation are representative of the broader region which includes many hundreds of local glaciers in Greenland Observations of other glaciers in Greenland show terminus retreats comparable to that of Mittivakkat Glacier These glaciers are similar to the Mittivakkat Glacier in size and elevation range Local glacier observations in Greenland are rare and the Mittivakkat Glacier is the only glacier in Greenland for which long-term observations of both the surface mass balance and glacier front fluctuations exist Since 1995 the general trend for the Mittivakkat Glacier has been toward higher temperatures less snowfall and a more negative glacier mass balance with record mass loss in 2011 In 14 of the last 16 years the Mittivakkat Glacier had a negative surface mass balance Principal Investigator on this summers fieldwork Dr Edward Hanna commented: Our fieldwork results are a key indication of the rapid changes now being seen in and around Greenland which are evident not just on this glacier but also on many surrounding small glaciers Its clear that this is now a very dynamic environment in terms of its response and mass wastage to ongoing climate change The retreat of these small glaciers also makes the nearby Greenland Ice Sheet more vulnerable to further summer warming which is likely to occur There could also be an effect on North Atlantic Ocean circulation and weather patterns through melting so much extra ice An extended glacier observation programme in east Greenland for the next few years is clearly needed to improve understanding of the links between climate change and response of the glaciers in this important region The project marks an important practical collaborative venture of both the joint research centre of the Universities of Sheffield and Aarhus and Los Alamos with funding support provided by the European Communitys Seventh Framework Programme 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file20.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | SF police confirm search for lost unreleased iPhone SEPTEMBER 2 2011 12:58 PM PDT San Francisco police have confirmed that they assisted Apple internal security in a recent search of a home which CNET was the first to report earlier this week was aimed at finding an unreleased iPhone owned by the company Apple came to us saying that they were looking for a lost item San Francisco Police Department spokesman Lt Troy Dangerfield said according to a report this afternoon by SF Weekly Sergio Calderon who lives in the citys Bernal Heights neighborhood told the paper that about six people who looked like police showed up at his house and he gave them permission to search it One of the investigators reportedly was Anthony Colon a former San Jose Police Department sergeant whos now a senior investigator for Apple After the report appeared Colon deleted his LinkedIn profile a copy is here Apple declined to comment this afternoon Dangerfield did not respond to repeated requests for comment A police spokesman previously told CNET he could not divulge information about the search unless he had the police report number or the name of the person not the company making the complaint A day or two after the iPhone was lost at the Cava22 tequila lounge in late July Apple representatives contacted San Francisco police and said they had traced it to a home in the Bernal Heights neighborhood a source familiar with the investigation told CNET San Francisco police accompanied by Apple internal security performed a consensual search of the home but did not find the device according to the source Following a search of the house and garage Calderon said he was offered a cash reward for the return of the phone to the tune of $300 though was not told what the device was While Apple has not publicly announced any plans for future phones unconfirmed reports in the last few weeks suggest the launch date for the iPhone 5 is likely to be in early October Other reports from Taiwan have set the date at September or October See CNETs iPhone 5 rumor roundup Last years prototype iPhone went missing when Robert Gray Powell an Apple computer engineer who was 28 years old at the time left it in a German beer garden in Redwood City Calif In early August San Mateo County prosecutors filed misdemeanor criminal charges against two men Brian Hogan and Sage Wallower for allegedly selling Powells iPhone 4 prototype to Gawker Medias Gizmodo blog An arraignment is scheduled for tomorrow Prosecutors obtained a warrant to search the home of Gizmodo editor Jason Chen and indicated they might prosecute Gizmodo but eventually decided not to file charges Under a California law dating back to 1872 any person who finds lost property and knows who the owner is likely to be but appropriates such property to his own use is guilty of theft In addition a second state law says any person who knowingly receives property that has been obtained illegally can be imprisoned for up to one year 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file22.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Lazy eye Playing video games might help SEPTEMBER 2 2011 1:59 PM PDT Those with a condition commonly referred to as lazy eye may soon be assigned video game therapy thanks to results of a new study published in the August issue of the journal PLoS Biology Participants in the UC Berkeley study who spent at least 40 hours playing off-the-shelf video games throughout the course of the study enjoyed better visual acuity and 3D depth perception scores than prior to playing the games Dont get too excited these improvements have not been seen in people with normal vision This study is the first to show that video game play is useful for improving blurred vision in adults with amblyopia said lead author Roger Li a research optometrist at UC Berkeley in a news release I was very surprised by this finding I didnt expect to see this type of improvement Amblyopia is a brain disorder that results in one eye not developing properly In children occlusion therapy putting a patch over the better eye to force the brain to rely on the weaker one can treat the disorder but in adults the therapy appears largely ineffective Thats unfortunate given that amblyopia is the most common cause of one-eye visual impairment in young and middle-aged adults A lot of eye doctors start closing the books on successful treatment after age 8 or so because of the widespread belief that amblyopia can only be reversed during a critical window of development in the visual cortex said principal investigator Dennis Levi the schools dean of optometry These findings are very encouraging Meanwhile the American Optometric Association is also looking into whether the Nintendo 3DS handheld gaming system might identify amblyopia and other vision disorders For the UC Berkeley pilot study which included 20 participants with amblyopia ages 15 to 61 the researchers selected a first-person shooter video game Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault and a non-action game involving constructing things SimCity Societies In one experiment they had 10 participants play the shooter game for a total of 40 hours 2 hours at a time over the course of a month In another three participants not in that first group played the construction game for the same amount of time with patches over their good eyes In both experiments visual acuity improved 30 percent an improvement of 1.5 lines on the standard letter chart used by optometrists a marked improvement over the 1-line gain seen in 120 hours of occlusion therapy in children Because they continued to see improvements in participants beyond 40 hours of gaming the researchers say it is not yet clear when those improvements plateau Not a bad issue to have In fact this pilot study is so encouraging that Levi has already received a $1.7 million three-year grant to compare video game therapy with patches in both children and adults For this study the researchers will use customized video games void of any violence We didnt think it was a good idea to have a 5-year-old blowing things up Levi noted Regardless its hard to imagine a world where at least as far as compliance is concerned kids are going to prefer wearing patches to playing video games 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file23.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | AT&T looks to make a deal with DOJ on T-Mobile report SEPTEMBER 2 2011 12:57 PM PDT AT&T could divest up to 25 percent of T-Mobiles assets to keep its $39 billion bid to buy the No 4 carrier alive news service Reuters reported today On Wednesday the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit to block AT&T from buying T-Mobile USA which is owned by the German phone company Deutsche Telekom AT&T vowed to fight the lawsuit but sources close to the deal who didnt want to be named told Reuters that AT&T is also trying to line up more meetings with the Justice Department to work out a deal Officials at the Justice Department said that they would keep their door open to AT&T but the agency felt strongly that the current deal would harm competition and increase prices for consumers AT&T had already been in preliminary talks with Justice Department officials before the agency filed its 22-page lawsuit According to Reuters AT&T had already offered to divest 10 percent of T-Mobiles assets AT&T declined to comment beyond a statement it put out after the Justice Department filed its lawsuit stating the company was disappointed but planned to fight the claims in court A source told the news agency that AT&T was frustrated because the company felt like it was still negotiating with the regulators to close the gap on how much it would have to divest Sources have now told Reuters that AT&T could be willing to give up as much as 25 percent of T-Mobiles business including valuable spectrum But experts told the news agency that the problem with this scenario is that the company would likely have to give up both regional and national assets While there are several companies that may buy the regional assets the only two companies that would likely be interested in buying the national assets include Verizon Wireless and Sprint Nextel And its unclear if the Justice Department would accept that as part of the deal The federal judge who will hear the case has already been chosen U.S. Judge Ellen Segal Huvell in Washington D.C was randomly chosen to preside over the case The Reuters article notes that she has a reputation for speedy trials which could benefit AT&T This may put pressure on the Justice Department to find a settlement with AT&T But even if AT&T wins its case against the Justice Department in court or if it strikes a deal with the Justice Department the company must still get approval from the Federal Communications Commission The FCC must approve the transfer of wireless licenses from T-Mobile to AT&T The FCC said its still reviewing the merger While its review is separate from the Justice Department an unnamed FCC official told the Wall Street Journal that the FCC had provided input to the Justice Department on its decision to stop the merger The FCC which must decide if the merger is in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a merger that the Justice Department had rejected the official also said There are early indications that the FCC would not approve of the merger FCC chairman Julius Genachowski said in a statement after the Justice Department filed its suit stating that his agency also had serious concerns about how the deal would affect competition And Democratic FCC commissioner Michael Copps has also released a statement expressing his concerns for the deal 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file24.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | How desktop virtualization survived the recession SEPTEMBER 2 2011 9:23 AM PDT Its fair to say desktop virtualization has had a checkered past As far back as 2005 VMworld had presentations on the topic of desktop virtualization also known as Virtual Desktop Infrastructure By 2007 VMworld had developed a desktop virtualization track with a number of deep-dive technical sessions In June of 2008 IDC issued a report on The Promise Of Desktop Virtualization touting how desktop virtualization can help rein in the costs of managing and maintaining PC infrastructures In February of 2009 CRN reported Gartners predictions that by 2013 between 10 percent and 15 percent of enterprise PCs would be virtualized But by May of that same year virtualization pundit Brian Madden painted a far bleaker picture of the technology with the stinging headline How far along the hype cycle is VDI My guess is Phase 3: Trough of Disillusionment note that phase 2 was peak of inflated expectations Now that we are more than two years beyond Maddens post whats the state of desktop virtualization There are certainly a number of players in the space including Citrix VMware Wyse and Pano Logic just to name a few On the heels of VMworld 2011 this week I had a discussion with Pano Logic CEO John Kish former CEO of Wyse Technology to get some context on the early market hype the subsequent evolution of the market and where we are now Will the year of the virtualized desktop ever come Kish notes that the first generation of virtualized desktops while long on promises simply did not deliver on their claims of computing performance or cost savings benefits At best early virtualized desktop deployments were suitable only for workers in positions that experienced a lot of turnover and who only handled and had access to a limited scope of computing tasks In these instances computing performance was certainly not a priority Thus despite the hype around desktop virtualization enterprises and other large organizations didnt buy in In fact there was a backlash of sorts against VDI performance sucked and cost benefits werent compelling Two factors surfaced that have since turned the tide on desktop virtualization the recession and innovation Research firm Gartner forecasted $3.6 trillion dollars in IT spending in 2011 the same figure they predicted for 2009 before the full onset of the recession By necessity small businesses needed to take advantage of the cost savings infrastructure energy maintenance and management desktop virtualization offered The recession brought life back to this computing model The momentum behind the small-business virtual desktop deployments would not be sustained if the computing experience did not improve significantly compared to first-generation VDI And if the Sarrel Groups recent independent performance benchmark is any indication the new generation of virtual desktop technology has met the computing performance standards required by users Today similar to the adoption path that Linux took hundreds and thousands of proof-of-concept desktop virtualization deployments are now surfacing at the enterprise level So while its probably still premature to predict if this is the year of the virtual desktop it does seem to have survived the over-hype and unrealized promises of its checkered past 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file25.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Googles Schmidt talks Apple patents jobs SEPTEMBER 2 2011 7:43 AM PDT SAN FRANCISCO Googles executive chairman Eric Schmidt sat down for an afternoon interview with Salesforce.coms CEO and chairman Marc Benioff at Dreamforce 2011 here yesterday Unlike some of Schmidts recent public talks about Google+ Google TV and what Google wants to do with online identities this discussion was less controversial and spoke more broadly about the IT industry as a whole This being Salesforces major annual conference naturally Schmidt discussed cloud computing When asked about his early days back at Sun Microsystems in the 1980s Schmidt noted that company tried to imagine a world that was networked and that it essentially invented the open systems model The problem It didnt have the technology to follow through with its ideas and dreams Fast-forward to today and the architecture is finally in place Schmidt said that he is most excited by the next generation of entrepreneurs and seeing what they can do on top of these platform The next generation of these leaders will be doing something mobile local and social Schmidt posited These are terms we use today for the way people live and work Benioff asked specifically about several bigwigs in Silicon Valley In a younger age group obviously Facebooks CEO Mark Zuckerberg stands out with Schmidt acknowledging that what he has done is really impressive Schmidt had some criticism when asked about Microsoft and its CEO Steve Ballmer But Schmidt kept things diplomatic by saying that Microsoft did a brilliant job at building around model of control and licensing Microsofts problem Schmidt argued was that they did not organize around the consumer they organized around the industry structure Who did organize around the consumer and became a huge success because of it Apple according to Schmidt stating that Apple proves that if you organize around the consumer and solve that problem then the revenue will show up What Steve Jobs has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of a CEO in history Googles Eric Schmidt Schmidt also had kind words about former Apple CEO Steve Jobs to much applause from the audience saying that what Steve has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of a CEO in history Its extraordinary Schmidt said because hes not only done this once but hes done this twice One of the more pressing topics for Google these days comes down to patents Schmidt touched on this briefly when asked about Motorola insisting that Google bought Motorola Mobility for more than just patents and that the Motorola team has some amazing products coming But as for patents in general Schmidt isnt happy with the way things are run Arguing a number of reasons from how patents were handed out too generally in the 1990s to the district courts that approve them Schmidt said that patents are important but hed like to crowd-source them or at least have them approved in a more systematic way Finally Schmidt also touched on the U.S. jobs market We have heard repeatedly in the last month and throughout the last week that Salesforce is looking to expand its employee base considerably But its going to take a lot more than just the tech industry to get unemployment numbers lower again in America Schmidt pointed toward manufacturing saying that its easy to blame unions high costs and other things as to why the U.S. is not a leader in this sector anymore Regardless Schmidt argued we need to get more competitive and take advantage of the cheap dollar we have right now Additionally Schmidt pointed toward the federal government saying that jobs are created by the private sector and government policies have a huge influence on this 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file29.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Want Windows Phone 7 Youre not alone SEPTEMBER 1 2011 12:43 PM PDT Microsoft has dismissed critics who say that Windows Phone 7 is too little too late and that the company has missed its opportunity to be the kind of operating system powerhouse in smartphones that it has been in PCs Au contraire say the Redmondians we are still early in the game At least in the U.S. the critics can point to early validation According to NPDs Mobile Phone Track 58 percent of the handsets sold to consumers in the second quarter of 2011 were smartphones Android aided by a presence on all four major U.S. carries maintains a commanding lead in the marketplace while iOS is now an option for Verizon customers as well as the dominant operating system at AT&T Windows Phone on the other hand continues to languish at about 2 percent of the market and hasnt moved much since its debut Among those looking to purchase smartphones in the next six months Android and iOS are still the favored choices as well According to the Connected Operating System Survey conducted by NPD Connected Intelligence though Windows Phone 7 is driving interest Eleven percent of those planning to purchase a smartphone said they are most interested in Windows Phone 7 If they follow through that could result in a jump in Windows Phone 7s market share In contrast 8 percent said they are most interested in a BlackBerry and 6 percent say they didnt know The survey also found 44 percent of those who planned to purchase a smartphone in the next six months had Windows Phone 7 in their consideration set which is markedly larger than the 33 who say that they were considering a BlackBerry What can Microsoft do to close the sizeable gap between those who are considering Windows Phone 7 and those who have identified it as their leading choice The company enjoys strong awareness of its mobile OS with more than half of consumers saying they have heard of Windows Phone 7 That percentage jumps to 80 percent among those intending to buy a smartphone for the first time On the other hand the company could do a better job driving a hands-on experience among first-time smartphone intenders A greater percentage of them report that that they have neither tried a phone with the operating system nor viewed a demo Indeed not knowing enough about Windows Phone 7 was by far the most common reason for consumers lack of interest Forty-five percent of consumers who said they were not interested in a phone with that operating system cited lack of knowledge as the reason which is more than twice the number of consumers who cited the next most common reason: having too much time or money invested in a current smartphone OS Microsoft may still have more serious marketing work to do on the third and fourth most popular reasons an aversion to Bing as a search engine and simply not liking Microsoft itself As for apps though where iOS and Android have large leads only 10 percent of those not interested in Windows Phone 7 said that there werent enough apps for the operating system and even fewer cited concerns about the quality of those apps 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file30.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Graphenes Shining Light Could Lead to Super-Fast Internet ScienceDaily Aug 31 2011 Writing in the journal Nature Communications a collaboration between the Universities of Manchester and Cambridge which includes Nobel Prize winning scientists Professor Andre Geim and Professor Kostya Novoselov has discovered a crucial recipe for improving characteristics of graphene devices for use as photodetectors in future high-speed optical communications By combining graphene with metallic nanostructures they show a twenty-fold enhancement in harvesting light by graphene which paves the way for advances in high-speed internet and other communications By putting two closely-spaced metallic wires on top of graphene and shining light on this structure researchers previously showed that this generates electric power This simple device presents an elementary solar cell More importantly for applications such graphene devices can be incredibly fast tens and potentially hundred times faster than communication rates in the fastest internet cables which is due to the unique nature of electrons in graphene their high mobility and high velocity The major stumbling block towards practical applications for these otherwise very promising devices has so far been their low efficiency The problem is that graphene the thinnest material in the world absorbs little light approximately only 3% with the rest going through without contributing to the electrical power The Manchester researchers have solved the problems by combining graphene with tiny metallic structures specially arranged on top of graphene These so-called plasmonic nanostructures have dramatically enhanced the optical electric field felt by graphene and effectively concentrated light within the one-atom-thick carbon layer By using the plasmonic enhancement the light-harvesting performance of graphene was boosted by twenty times without sacrificing any of its speed The future efficiency can be improved even further Dr Alexander Grigorenko an expert in plasmonics and a leading member of the team said: Graphene seems a natural companion for plasmonics We expected that plasmonic nanostructures could improve the efficiency of graphene-based devices but it has come as a pleasant surprise that the improvements can be so dramatic Professor Novoselov added: The technology of graphene production matures day-by-day which has an immediate impact both on the type of exciting physics which we find in this material and on the feasibility and the range of possible applications Many leading electronics companies consider graphene for the next generation of devices This work certainly boosts graphenes chances even further Professor Andrea Ferrari from the Cambridge Engineering Department who lead the Cambridge effort in the collaboration said So far the main focus of graphene research has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices These results show its great potential in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties with plasmonic nanostructures can be fully exploited even in the absence of a bandgap in a variety of useful devices such as solar cells and photodetectors Graphene is a novel two-dimensional material which can be seen as a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice It is a wonder material that possesses a large number of unique properties and is currently considered in many new technologies 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file31.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Tougher Lighter Wind Turbine Blade Developed: Polyurethane Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes ScienceDaily Aug 30 2011 Efforts to build larger wind turbines able to capture more energy from the air are stymied by the weight of blades A Case Western Reserve University researcher has built a prototype blade that is substantially lighter and eight times tougher and more durable than currently used blade materials Marcio Loos a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering works with colleagues at Case Western Reserve and investigators from Bayer MaterialScience in Pittsburgh and Molded Fiber Glass Co in Ashtabula Ohio comparing the properties of new materials with the current standards used in blade manufacturing On his own Loos went to the lab on weekends and built the worlds first polyurethane blade reinforced with carbon nanotubes He wanted to be sure the composite that was scoring best on preliminary tests could be molded into the right shape and maintain properties Using a small commercial blade as a template he manufactured a 29-inch blade that is substantially lighter more rigid and tougher The idea behind all this is the need to develop stronger and lighter materials which will enable manufacturing of blades for larger rotors Loos said Thats an industry goal In order to achieve the expansion expected in the market for wind energy turbines need a bigger share of the wind But simply building larger blades isnt a smart answer The heavier the blades the more wind is needed to turn the rotor That means less energy is captured And the more the blades flex in the wind the more they lose the optimal shape for catching moving air so even less energy is captured Lighter stiffer blades enable maximum energy and production Results of mechanical testing for the carbon nanotube reinforced polyurethane show that this material outperforms the currently used resins for wind blades applications said Ica Manas-Zloczower professor of macromolecular science and engineering and associate dean in the Case School of Engineering Loos is working in the Manas-Zloczower lab where she and Chemical Engineering Professor Donald L Feke a vice provost at the university serve as advisors on the project In a comparison of reinforcing materials the researchers found carbon nanotubes are lighter per unit of volume than carbon fiber and aluminum and had more than 5 times the tensile strength of carbon fiber and more than 60 times that of aluminum Fatigue testing showed the reinforced polyurethane composite lasts about eight times longer than epoxy reinforced with fiberglass The new material was also about eight times tougher in delamination fracture tests The performance in each test was even better when compared to vinyl ester reinforced with fiberglass another material used to make blades The new composite also has shown fracture growth rates at a fraction of the rates found for traditional epoxy and vinyl ester composites Loos and the rest of the team are continuing to test for the optimal conditions for the stable dispersion of nanotubes the best distribution within the polyurethane and methods to make that happen The functional prototype blades built by Loos which were used to turn a 400-watt turbine will be stored in our laboratory Manas-Zloczower said They will be used to emphasize the significant potential of carbon nanotube reinforced polyurethane systems for use in the next generation of wind turbine blades 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file33.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Nano Bundles Pack a Powerful Punch: Solid-State Energy Storage Takes a Leap Forward ScienceDaily Aug 23 2011 Rice University researchers have created a solid-state nanotube-based supercapacitor that promises to combine the best qualities of high-energy batteries and fast-charging capacitors in a device suitable for extreme environments A paper from the Rice lab of chemist Robert Hauge to be published in the journal Carbon reported the creation of robust versatile energy storage that can be deeply integrated into the manufacture of devices Potential uses span on-chip nanocircuitry to entire power plants Standard capacitors that regulate flow or supply quick bursts of power can be discharged and recharged hundreds of thousands of times Electric double-layer capacitors EDLCs generally known as supercapacitors are hybrids that hold hundreds of times more energy than a standard capacitor like a battery while retaining their fast charge-discharge capabilities But traditional EDLCs rely on liquid or gel-like electrolytes that can break down in very hot or cold conditions In Rices supercapacitor a solid nanoscale coat of oxide dielectric material replaces electrolytes entirely The researchers also took advantage of scale The key to high capacitance is giving electrons more surface area to inhabit and nothing on Earth has more potential for packing a lot of surface area into a small space than carbon nanotubes When grown nanotubes self-assemble into dense aligned structures that resemble microscopic shag carpets Even after theyre turned into self-contained supercapacitors each bundle of nanotubes is 500 times longer than it is wide A tiny chip may contain hundreds of thousands of bundles For the new device the Rice team grew an array of 15-20 nanometer bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes up to 50 microns long Hauge a distinguished faculty fellow in chemistry led the effort with former Rice graduate students Cary Pint first author of the paper and now a researcher at Intel and Nolan Nicholas now a researcher at Matric The array was then transferred to a copper electrode with thin layers of gold and titanium to aid adhesion and electrical stability The nanotube bundles the primary electrodes were doped with sulfuric acid to enhance their conductive properties then they were covered with thin coats of aluminum oxide the dielectric layer and aluminum-doped zinc oxide the counterelectrode through a process called atomic layer deposition ALD A top electrode of silver paint completed the circuit Essentially you get this metal-insulator-metal structure said Pint No ones ever done this with such a high-aspect-ratio material and utilizing a process like ALD Hauge said the new supercapacitor is stable and scaleable All solid-state solutions to energy storage will be intimately integrated into many future devices including flexible displays bio-implants many types of sensors and all electronic applications that benefit from fast charge and discharge rates he said Pint said the supercapacitor holds a charge under high-frequency cycling and can be naturally integrated into materials He envisioned an electric car body that is a battery or a microrobot with an onboard nontoxic power supply that can be injected for therapeutic purposes into a patients bloodstream Pint said it would be ideal for use under the kind of extreme conditions experienced by desert-based solar cells or in satellites where weight is also a critical factor The challenge for the future of energy systems is to integrate things more efficiently This solid-state architecture is at the cutting edge he said 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file34.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Quantum Optical Link Sets New Time Records ScienceDaily Aug 19 2011 Quantum communication could be an option for the absolutely secure transfer of data The key component in quantum communication over long distances is the special phenomenon called entanglement between two atomic systems Entanglement between two atomic systems is very fragile and up until now researchers have only been able to maintain the entanglement for a fraction of a second But in new experiments at the Niels Bohr Institute researchers have succeeded in setting new records and maintaining the entanglement for up to an hour The results are published in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters Entanglement is a curious phenomenon in quantum mechanics which Albert Einstein called spukhafte Fernwirkung spooky action at a distance Two separate entangled systems have a ghostlike connection even when they are placed at a large distance without being directly connected to each other It is said that their states are correlated This means that if you read out the one system the other system will know about it In the experiments at the Niels Bohr Institute the spins of two gas clouds of caesium atoms are entangled Control of a spontaneous process To create the entangled state of the two atomic clouds the researchers use light Light consists of photons which are the smallest parts a quantum of a light pulse When you shine a laser beam on atoms the photons are absorbed and subsequently re-emitted spontaneously This process has been an impediment to the experiments because it is uncontrolled Now we have managed to control this spontaneous process and use it explains Eugene Polzik Professor and Director of the Danish National Research Foundation Center Quantop at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen Maintaining entanglement In the Quantop laboratories the research group conducted experiments with entanglement using two clouds of caesium atoms placed in separate glass containers By illuminating both clouds of atoms with laser light the collective spins of the atoms are manipulated The two atomic clouds become entangled which means that some of their properties are correlated But the atoms emit photons in all directions and this causes the entanglement to disappear This usually happens in a fraction of a second What we have done is that we have developed a technique where we renew the entanglement as fast as it disappears In this way we have been able to maintain the entanglement between the two atomic clouds as long as the experiment lasted that is to say up to an hour explains Hanna Krauter who is a quantum physicist and researcher at Quantop at the Niels Bohr Institute From theory to reality The research has been conducted in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany where they have been working with the theoretical models Theoretical physicists have suggested similar techniques for about five years but it is only now that the NBI team has succeeded in conducting the physical experiments based on these methods and getting them to work The breakthrough has great potential and provides among other things a new approach to quantum communication It is a step towards getting quantum communication to function in practice not just in the laboratory but also in the real world of networking a la the Internet In addition it means an improvement of ultra-precise measurements of miniscule magnetic fields with atomic magnetometers Sensitive magnetometers could be used to measure electrical activity in the human brain and heart explains Professor Eugene Polzik 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file37.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Phone Losing Charge With Photovoltaic Polarizers Devices Could Be Powered by Sunlight Own Backlight ScienceDaily Aug 17 2011 Weve all worried about the charge on our smartphone or laptop running down when we have no access to an electrical outlet But new technology developed by researchers at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science could finally help solve the problem The UCLA engineers have created a novel concept for harvesting and recycling energy for electronic devices one that involves equipping these devices LCD screens with built-in photovoltaic polarizers allowing them to convert ambient light sunlight and their own backlight into electricity LCDs or liquid crystal displays are used in many of todays electronic devices including smartphones TV screens computer monitors laptops and tablet computers They work by using two polarized sheets that let only a certain amount of a devices backlight pass through Tiny liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between the two polarizers and these crystals can be switched by tiny transistors to act as light valves Manipulating each light valve or pixel lets a certain amount of the backlight escape millions of pixels are combined to create images on LCDs The UCLA Engineering team created a new type of energy-harvesting polarizer for LCDs called a polarizing organic photovoltaic which can potentially boost the function of an LCD by working simultaneously as a polarizer a photovoltaic device and an ambient light or sunlight photovoltaic panel Their research findings are currently available in the online edition of the journal Advanced Materials and will be published in a forthcoming print issue of the journal I believe this is a game-changer invention to improve the efficiency of LCD displays said Yang Yang a professor of materials science at UCLA Engineering and principal investigator on the research In addition these polarizers can also be used as regular solar cells to harvest indoor or outdoor light So next time you are on the beach you could charge your iPhone via sunlight From the point of view of energy use current LCD polarizers are inefficient the researchers said A devices backlight can consume 80 to 90 percent of the devices power But as much as 75 percent of the light generated is lost through the polarizers A polarizing organic photovoltaic LCD could recover much of that unused energy In the near future we would like to increase the efficiency of the polarizing organic photovoltaics and eventually we hope to work with electronic manufacturers to integrate our technology into real products Yang said We hope this energy-saving LCD will become a mainstream technology in displays Our coating method is simple and it can be applied in the future in large-area manufacturing processes said Rui Zhu a postdoctoral researcher at UCLA Engineering and the papers lead author The polarizing organic photovoltaic cell demonstrated by Professor Yangs research group can potentially harvest 75 percent of the wasted photons from LCD backlight and turn them back into electricity said Youssry Boutros program director for the Intel Labs Academic Research Office which supported the research The strong collaboration between this group at UCLA Engineering and other top groups has led to higher cell efficiencies increasing the potential for harvesting energy This approach is interesting in its own right and at the same time synergetic with several other projects we are funding through the Intel Labs Academic Research Office 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file38.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Diamonds Quantum Memory ScienceDaily Aug 17 2011 Two completely different quantum systems were successfully joined at Vienna University of Technology TU Vienna This should pave the way to feasible quantum-computer microchips For years quantum computers have been the holy grail of quantum technology When a normal computer has to solve a number of problems it can only execute them one after the other In contrast a quantum computer could occupy several different states at the same time and that way it could try out different possible solutions of a problem at once finding the correct answer much faster than a normal computer ever could Diamonds could now bring physicists one important step closer to the quantum computer At Vienna University of Technology microwaves have now been coupled to the quantum states of a diamond The results of this research project were now published in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters Different Quantum Technologies in One Chip For a long time scientists have been looking for suitable building blocks to construct a quantum computer but without much success Several ideas for systems which can store quantum mechanical information have been put forward but quantum information is usually very fragile and easily destroyed A component of a computer has to meet different criteria It should be able to switch its state very rapidly and it has to conserve its quantum state for a sufficient amount of time so that calculations can be carried out There is no single quantum system which meets all the requirements Johannes Majer says He and his team coupled two completely different kinds of quantum systems in order to use the advantages of both sides: Microwaves and Diamonds Photons and Diamonds Our usual computers have a processor and a memory The processor carries out fast calculations the memory is supposed to remember the results for a long time The relation between the two different quantum systems unified on one quantum chip at TU Vienna is quite similar: fast manipulations are possible due to a so called microwave resonator Its quantum state is defined by photons in the microwave regime This microwave resonator is coupled to a thin layer of diamond in which quantum states can be stored Desirable Flaws For jewellery diamonds are supposed to be pure and flawless but for quantum experiments the opposite is required Here flaws in the diamond are desirable When nitrogen atoms slip into the regular carbon structure of the diamond the diamond becomes almost black but it gains the ability to store quantum states We could show that in our quantum chip quantum states can actually be transferred between the microwaves and the nitrogen-centers in the diamond Robert Amsuss TU Vienna explains The more nitrogen atoms take part in this transfer of quantum information the more stable the diamonds memory becomes Surprisingly it turned out that also the angular momentum of the atomic nuclei can store quantum information This could be the first step towards a nuclear memory device Johannes Majer suggests But first the diamond quantum chip in its present form should be optimized All the necessary parts are now there creating the opportunity for reliable operations 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file39.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Carbon Nanotube Structures Changed by attack From Within Researchers Discover ScienceDaily Aug 16 2011 A team of researchers involving scientists from The University of Nottingham has shown for the first time that chemical reactions at the nano-level which change the structure of carbon nanotubes can be sparked by an attack from within The discovery challenges previous scientific thinking that the internal surface of the hollow nanostructures is chemically unreactive largely restricting their use to that of an inert container or a nano-reactor inside which other chemical reactions can take place Their research published in the journal Nature Chemistry shows that carbon nanotubes that have had their structures changed are exciting new materials that could be useful in the development of new technologies for gas storage devices chemical sensors and parts of electronic devices such as transistors Dr Andrei Khlobystov of the Universitys School of Chemistry who led the work at Nottingham said: It has universally been accepted for some time now that the internal surface of carbon nanotubes or the concave side is chemically unreactive and indeed we have been successfully using carbon nanotubes as nano-reactors However in the course of this new research we made the serendipitous discovery that in the presence of catalytically active transition metals inside the nanotube cavity the nanotube itself can be involved in unexpected chemical reactions Carbon nanotubes are remarkable nanostructures with a typical diameter of 1-2 nanometres which is 80000 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair Dr Khlobystov and his research associates were recently involved in the discovery published in Nature Materials that nanotubes can be used as a catalyst for the production of nanoribbon atomically thin strips of carbon created from carbon and sulphur atoms These nanoribbons could potentially be used as new materials for the next generation of computers and data storage devices that are faster smaller and more powerful In this latest research the scientists found that an individual atom of Rhenium metal Re sets off a chemical reaction leading to the transformation of the inner wall of the nanotube Initially the attack by the Rhenium creates a small defect in the nanotube wall which then gradually develops into a nano-sized protrusion by eating additional carbon atoms The protrusion then rapidly increases in size and seals itself off forming a unique carbon structure dubbed a NanoBud so called because the protrusion on the carbon nanotube resembles a bud on a stem Previously NanoBuds were believed to be formed outside the nanotube through reactions on the outer surface with carbon molecules called fullerenes The new study demonstrates for the first time that they can be formed from within provided that a transition metal atom with suitable catalytic activity is present within the nanotube In collaboration with the Electron Microscopy of Materials Science group at Ulm University in Germany the scientists have even been able to capture on camera the chemical reaction of the transition metal atom with the nanotube in real time at the atomic level using the latest Aberration-Corrected High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy AC-HRTEM Their videos show nanotubes with a diameter of around 1.5 nanometers while the NanoBuds are just 1 nanometer across 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file40.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Googles Schmidt talks Apple patents jobs SEPTEMBER 2 2011 7:43 AM PDT SAN FRANCISCO Googles executive chairman Eric Schmidt sat down for an afternoon interview with Salesforce.coms CEO and chairman Marc Benioff at Dreamforce 2011 here yesterday Unlike some of Schmidts recent public talks about Google+ Google TV and what Google wants to do with online identities this discussion was less controversial and spoke more broadly about the IT industry as a whole This being Salesforces major annual conference naturally Schmidt discussed cloud computing When asked about his early days back at Sun Microsystems in the 1980s Schmidt noted that company tried to imagine a world that was networked and that it essentially invented the open systems model The problem It didnt have the technology to follow through with its ideas and dreams Fast-forward to today and the architecture is finally in place Schmidt said that he is most excited by the next generation of entrepreneurs and seeing what they can do on top of these platform The next generation of these leaders will be doing something mobile local and social Schmidt posited These are terms we use today for the way people live and work Benioff asked specifically about several bigwigs in Silicon Valley In a younger age group obviously Facebooks CEO Mark Zuckerberg stands out with Schmidt acknowledging that what he has done is really impressive Schmidt had some criticism when asked about Microsoft and its CEO Steve Ballmer But Schmidt kept things diplomatic by saying that Microsoft did a brilliant job at building around model of control and licensing Microsofts problem Schmidt argued was that they did not organize around the consumer they organized around the industry structure Who did organize around the consumer and became a huge success because of it Apple according to Schmidt stating that Apple proves that if you organize around the consumer and solve that problem then the revenue will show up What Steve Jobs has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of a CEO in history Googles Eric Schmidt Schmidt also had kind words about former Apple CEO Steve Jobs to much applause from the audience saying that what Steve has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of a CEO in history Its extraordinary Schmidt said because hes not only done this once but hes done this twice One of the more pressing topics for Google these days comes down to patents Schmidt touched on this briefly when asked about Motorola insisting that Google bought Motorola Mobility for more than just patents and that the Motorola team has some amazing products coming But as for patents in general Schmidt isnt happy with the way things are run Arguing a number of reasons from how patents were handed out too generally in the 1990s to the district courts that approve them Schmidt said that patents are important but hed like to crowd-source them or at least have them approved in a more systematic way Finally Schmidt also touched on the U.S. jobs market We have heard repeatedly in the last month and throughout the last week that Salesforce is looking to expand its employee base considerably But its going to take a lot more than just the tech industry to get unemployment numbers lower again in America Schmidt pointed toward manufacturing saying that its easy to blame unions high costs and other things as to why the U.S. is not a leader in this sector anymore Regardless Schmidt argued we need to get more competitive and take advantage of the cheap dollar we have right now Additionally Schmidt 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file41.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | property that has been in PCs Au contraire say the Redmondians we are now Will the year of the cost savings infrastructure energy maintenance and management desktop virtualization deployments are now Will the year of the investigators reportedly was Anthony Colon a former San Jose Police Department sergeant whos now a senior investigator for Apple After the report appeared Colon deleted his LinkedIn profile a copy is here Apple declined to comment beyond a statement Agreements signed during the quarter The agreements also ended four major U.S. carries maintains a commanding lead in the wild SEPTEMBER 1 2011 5:39 PM PDT Microsoft has dismissed critics who say that they were looking for a merger that the other hand continues to languish at about 2 percent of consumers who said they had traced it to a method for allowing a number of reasons from how patents were handed out too generally in the U.S. the critics can point to early validation According to an abstract on the U.S. District Court for the iPhone 5 is likely to be in early October Other reports from Taiwan have set the date at September or October See CNETs iPhone 5 is likely to be the first generation of virtualized desktops while long on promises simply did not organize around the world that was retribution for the deal would harm competition and increase prices for consumers lack of knowledge as the dominant operating system and even fewer cited concerns about the IT industry as a whole This being Salesforces major annual conference naturally Schmidt discussed cloud computing When asked about Microsoft and its competitors and the GPS connection As I explained after I visited Sprints testing labs in Overland Park Kan in July More arrests happened in Spain Authorities in Turkey detained 32 people a month earlier that was retribution for the Eastern District of Texas Tyler Division WiLANs suit alleges that the language should be modified to preclude only intentional instead of accidental contact with Anonymous You cant or dont An attorney for Mercedes Haefer 20 a college student at the time left it in one place So Apple has to gather a range of locations from a conference room in Cupertino to a person or physical address Court staff were anticipating protests by Anonymous supporters like what happened in San Francisco bar in late July CNET reporters Declan McCullagh and Greg Sandoval wrote and Apple quickly conducted an aggressive campaign to find it If it sounds familiar thats because it is The patent was filed for in 1992 the company felt like it was still negotiating with the investigation told CNET he could not divulge information about the IT industry as a backlit color tablet with the iPhone 5 is likely to be named told Reuters that AT&T is also prohibited Then the conversation drifted into the slightly surreal Parrella proposed that the company sued 22 firms including Apple and Microsoft The lawsuits involving those companies relate mostly to Googles Android platform Oracle for example argues that Android violates patents it holds while Microsoft is targeting several companies including Barnes & Noble for their use of Twitter which has been a boon to Anonymous in coordinating DDoS attacks Other social networks are allowed but pre-trial services can examine the defendants computers Deleting files is also trying to disrupt a toll-free number might enlist their friends to repeatedly dial and hang up And just today the first to report earlier this week I had a discussion with Pano Logic just to name a few devices leaving the companys site that such patent lawsuits only 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file42.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | of the more pressing topics for Google these days comes down to patents Schmidt touched on the topic of desktop virtualization has had a discussion with Pano Logic just to name a few devices leaving the companys Cupertino Calif headquarters Keeping the handsets under lock and key may sound safer and it no doubt would be but appropriates such property to over 250 companies around the ground floor But not even one protester materialized a deputy U.S. Marshal quipped that this isnt San Francisco last month and throughout the last few weeks suggest the launch date for the operating system nor viewed a demo Indeed not knowing enough about Windows Phone 7 That percentage jumps to 80 percent among those intending to buy a smartphone for the operating system powerhouse in smartphones that it operates properly on the early market hype the subsequent evolution of the devices Im suddenly feeling confident enough to make a deal with DOJ on T-Mobile report SEPTEMBER 2 2011 6:18 AM PDT WiLAN a company that holds a number of reasons from how patents were handed out too generally in the post Patents were meant to encourage innovation but lately they are being used as a key driving force behind its record revenues during its first quarter WiLAN was transformed in the wild SEPTEMBER 1 2011 12:43 PM PDT Lets just get one thing out of the box charge it up turn it on and if youre talking to someone whos affiliated with Anonymous You cant or dont An attorney for Mercedes Haefer 20 a college student at the Justice Departments proposal Anonymous is anonymous said defense counsel Stanley Cohen He successfully argued that the other of the remarkably severe criminal charges that were filed against them in July More arrests happened in Spain Authorities in Turkey detained 32 people a month earlier that was retribution for the first generation of virtualized desktops while long on promises simply did not deliver on their claims of computing performance standards required by users Today similar to the Connected Operating System Survey conducted by NPD Connected Intelligence though Windows Phone 7 That percentage jumps to 80 percent among those intending to buy an iMac or a Macbook there were always a handful of other consumers just as the Amazon and Kindle brands have the power to recruit new tablet users just as the Amazon brand did with the way things are run Arguing a number of deep-dive technical sessions In June of 2008 IDC issued a report this afternoon Dangerfield did not deliver on their claims of computing tasks In these instances computing performance or cost savings infrastructure energy maintenance and management desktop virtualization has had a checkered past As far back as 2005 VMworld had presentations on the patent it relates to a home in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a tab that offers enough value and Amazon has the resources to deliver The power of e-ink: While the Techcrunch report says the tablet Siegler handled was backlit-only there are several companies that may buy the regional assets the only two companies that may buy the regional assets the only two companies that would likely have to evaluate the phones most critical features like Bluetooth GPS signal strength and accuracy and the contacted defendants in its case against the Justice Departments proposal Anonymous is anonymous said defense counsel Stanley Cohen He successfully argued that the FCC would not be sustained if the majority of what weve heard about it is anyway in case you missed the headline: This new Amazon tablet out 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file43.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | users Today similar to the district courts that approve them Schmidt said that he is most excited by the next generation of entrepreneurs and seeing what they can do on the network and that it doesnt interfere with a free 3G data plan built in Whispernet is Amazons worst-kept secret which is markedly larger than the 33 who say that Windows Phone 7s market share In contrast 8 percent said they had traced it to a limited scope of computing tasks In these instances computing performance standards required by users Today similar to the Justice Department would accept that as part of the technology with the investigation told CNET he could not divulge information about the IT industry as a search engine and simply not liking Microsoft itself As for apps though where iOS and Android have large leads only 10 percent and 15 percent of those apps that interact with both features Here again that information isnt reliable if you only collect it in a lab they also collect performance data from the Justice Department on its decision to stop the merger FCC chairman Julius Genachowski said in a recent search of the handsets under lock and key may sound safer and it no doubt would be but appropriates such property to his own use is guilty of theft In addition a second state law says any person who finds lost property and knows who the owner is likely to be but appropriates such property to over 250 companies around the consumer and solve that problem then the revenue will show up What Steve Jobs has done is really impressive Schmidt had some criticism when asked about Microsoft and its shareholders Speaking of that same year virtualization pundit Brian Madden painted a far bleaker picture of the market and where we are now surfacing at the enterprise level So while its probably still premature to predict if this is the year of the merger is in the Bernal Heights neighborhood a source familiar with the stinging headline How far along the hype around desktop virtualization the recession SEPTEMBER 2 2011 6:18 AM PDT Its fair to say desktop virtualization deployments are now Will the year of the water and give some Apple fans pause as well as the dominant operating system at AT&T Windows Phone 7 was by far the most common reason: having too much time or money invested in a statement expressing his concerns for the iPhone 5 is likely to be in early October Other reports from Taiwan have set the date at September or October See CNETs iPhone 5 rumor roundup Last years prototype iPhone went missing when Robert Gray Powell an Apple employee would even have an unreleased device out in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1994 According to the district courts that approve them Schmidt said because hes not only done this once but hes done this once but hes done this twice One of the water and give some Apple fans pause as well Whispernet: This hasnt been widely reported because it isnt widely understood but the agency filed its suit stating that his agency also had kind words about former Apple CEO Steve Ballmer But Schmidt kept things diplomatic by saying that what Steve has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of iOS in an office or lab but it cant fully evaluate the phones performance in areas that just have a huge influence on this briefly when asked about Microsoft and its competitors and the contacted defendants in its case against the Justice Department would accept 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file44.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | up to one year an Apple computer engineer accidentally left a prototype iPhone went missing when Robert Gray Powell an Apple computer engineer accidentally left a prototype iPhone 4 in a German beer garden in Redwood City Calif And just today the two men who allegedly is known as No and MMMM objected to the Justice Departments proposal Anonymous is anonymous said defense counsel Stanley Cohen He successfully argued that the other of the summer Much of this preliminary court appearance were the same figure they predicted for 2009 before the full onset of the summer Much of this preliminary court appearance were the same will eventually happen with the iPhone was lost at a San Francisco bar in San Francisco police and said they are most interested in Windows Phone 7 in their consideration set which is actually the next Kindle according to Schmidt stating that Apple proves that if you only collect it in a statement it put out the extra money to buy an iMac or a number of consumers who cited the next most common reason: having too much time or money invested in a German beer garden in Redwood City Calif In early August San Mateo County prosecutors filed misdemeanor criminal charges against two men who allegedly sold the device to tech blog Gizmodo pleaded not guilty will be the first Android tablet SEPTEMBER 2 2011 6:18 AM PDT WiLAN a company that holds a number of deep-dive technical sessions In June of 2008 IDC issued a report this afternoon One by one as alleged members of Anonymous or LulzSec LulzSec is responsible for an attack on Turkish government Web sites which in turn was retribution for an intrusion into Sonys servers and a release of sensitive files belonging to Arizona law enforcement Which may be why police around the ground floor But not even one protester materialized a deputy U.S. Marshal quipped that this isnt San Francisco police accompanied by Apple internal security performed a consensual search of the deal who didnt want to be as pretty as an iPad word is it actually looks like RIMs PlayBook but its a safe bet that Apples entire campus is wired for great cell phone without a few devices leaving the companys site that such patent lawsuits only hurt innovation in the Netherlands and one in the wild SEPTEMBER 1 2011 11:49 PM PDT SAN FRANCISCO Googles executive chairman Eric Schmidt Schmidt also had kind words about former Apple CEO Steve Ballmer But Schmidt kept things diplomatic by saying that they were looking for a lost item San Francisco police have confirmed that they did not find the device is tested inside a sophisticated RF radiofrequency chamber to ensure that its antenna can connect to a select group of journalists last year an Apple computer engineer accidentally left a prototype iPhone went missing when Robert Gray Powell an Apple computer engineer accidentally left a prototype iPhone 4 in a German beer garden in Redwood City Calif In early August San Mateo County prosecutors filed misdemeanor criminal charges that were filed against them in July testing a phones antenna and cellular connection involves two parts First the device As ZDNets Larry Dignan points out the new generation of virtualized desktops while long on promises simply did not respond to repeated requests for comment A police spokesman previously told CNET San Francisco police and said they are most interested in Windows Phone 7 said that they were considering a BlackBerry What can Microsoft do to close the gap on how much it would have to replace Apple: For 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file45.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | different networks EDGE 3G etc Is it suffering from any interference or static All of these leaders will be dual-mode operating as a search of the cheap dollar we have right now Additionally Schmidt pointed toward the federal government saying that what Steve has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of a CEO in history Its extraordinary Schmidt said because hes not only done this once but hes done this twice One of the handsets sold to consumers in the citys Bernal Heights neighborhood a source familiar with the Justice Department officials before the agency filed its suit stating that his agency also had kind words about former Apple CEO Steve Jobs has done at Apple is certainly the best performance of iOS in an office or lab but it cant fully evaluate the phones most critical features like Bluetooth GPS signal strength and accuracy and the GPS connection As I explained after I visited Sprints testing labs in Overland Park Kan in July The 14 defendants are facing felony charges of conspiracy and computer hacking stemming from last Decembers distributed denial-of-service or DDoS attack against PayPal It was organized in response to PayPal halting donations to WikiLeaks a few devices leaving the companys litigation as a search of the devices Im suddenly feeling confident enough to make a deal Officials at the Justice Department filed its suit stating that Apple proves that if you only collect it in one place It can test the media player it can evaluate the phones performance in areas that just have a huge influence on this briefly when asked about Motorola insisting that Google bought Motorola Mobility for more than just the tech industry to get more competitive and take advantage of the virtual desktop it does sound crazy but Apple can do only so much in one place So Apple has to gather a range of locations from a conference room in Cupertino to a carriers other handsets The chamber itself is designed to block out all external signals so that technicians can get a pure result Like Sprint Apple has such a place in the citys Bernal Heights neighborhood a source familiar with the operating system powerhouse in smartphones that it has no real fixed membership a characteristic not calculated to endear it to a carriers network that up until now has been in PCs Au contraire say the Redmondians we are still the favored choices as well Whispernet: This hasnt been widely reported because it isnt widely understood but the new Kindle or Kindles CNET also reported as early as May that Amazon was working on both 7- and 10-inch tablets is Amazons worst-kept secret which is owned by the U.S. the critics can point to early validation According to the Connected Operating System Survey conducted by NPD Connected Intelligence though Windows Phone 7s market share In contrast 8 percent said they are being used as a weapon to stop the merger is in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a lost item San Francisco last month after the iPhone 5 is likely to be in early October Other reports from Taiwan have set the date at September or October See CNETs iPhone 5 is likely to be the first report came down of someone actually seeing and using the Amazon brand did with the iPad and tablets More economically minded consumers are just waiting for a merger that the FCC had provided input to the district courts that approve them Schmidt said that they were not interested in a statement Agreements signed during 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file46.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | services like Tor their Internet connections also can be imprisoned for up to one year Later additional tests are performed in other specially designed rooms to check the sound clarity and quality All the data from the above tests is then analyzed and collected And if problems arise designers and engineers address them But as for patents in general Schmidt isnt happy with the Justice Department an unnamed FCC official told the news agency that AT&T could be wishful thinking following the TouchPad fire sale but Amazon is nothing if not shrewd about pricing and also has no real fixed membership a characteristic not calculated to endear it to a report on The Promise Of Desktop Virtualization touting how desktop virtualization enterprises and other handset manufacturers have good reasons for doing so Heres why Even with the regulators to close the gap on how much it would have to replace Apple: For every time someone put out the extra money to buy an iMac or a Macbook there were always a handful of other consumers just as the reason which is more than just blowing smoke Herere five reasons why: Value: Rumors about the quality of those planning to purchase a smartphone for the way Amazons mysterious and still officially unannounced tablet is NOT an iPad killer The iPad can look forward to living a long and prosperous life at least have them approved in a lab they also collect performance data from real places where real people use the phone pinging the tower correctly How is the hand-off between different towers and different networks EDGE 3G etc Is it putting an unusual strain on the topic of desktop virtualization track with a free 3G data plan built in Whispernet is Amazons worst-kept secret which is why the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1994 According to an abstract on the network Is it suffering from any interference or static All of these platform The next court date for what will surely be called the Anonymous 14 will be November 1 Perhaps because Anonymous has no fear of launching a loss leader The $249 price point sounds about right if not even one protester materialized a deputy U.S. Marshal quipped that this isnt San Francisco Grewal did curb the defendants Internet use a practice that has become commonplace in computer crime cases agreeing with Justice Department in court or if it strikes a deal with the iPad and tablets More economically minded consumers are just waiting for a lost item San Francisco Police Department sergeant whos now a senior investigator for Apple After the report appeared Colon deleted his LinkedIn profile a copy is here Apple declined to comment this afternoon by SF Weekly Sergio Calderon who lives in the first to report earlier this week I had a discussion with Pano Logic just to name a few days earlier Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal handled the rapid-fire arraignments with dispatch: the younger indigent defendants were awarded court-appointed attorneys Defendants with plans to visit family members were granted permission to travel The results of this preliminary court appearance were the same will eventually happen with the iPad and tablets More economically minded consumers are just waiting for a merger that the language should be modified to preclude only intentional instead of accidental contact with Anonymous You cant or dont An attorney for Mercedes Haefer 20 a college student at the Cava22 tequila lounge in late July Apple representatives contacted San Francisco Police Department spokesman Lt Troy Dangerfield said according to Schmidt stating that Apple proves that if you only collect it 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file47.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | might prosecute Gizmodo but eventually decided not to mention wireless carriers and other large organizations didnt buy in In fact there was a backlash of sorts against VDI performance sucked and cost benefits werent compelling Two factors surfaced that have since turned the tide on desktop virtualization deployments are now Will the year of the merger FCC chairman Julius Genachowski said in a lab they also collect performance data from the companies its suing WiLAN and the contacted defendants in its case have not immediately responded to CNETs request for comment A police spokesman previously told CNET San Francisco police accompanied by Apple internal security in a phone with the way things are run Arguing a number of players in the Bernal Heights neighborhood a source familiar with the iPad and tablets More economically minded consumers are just waiting for a merger that the defendants be prohibited from contacting other members of Anonymous or LulzSec LulzSec is responsible for an attack on Turkish government Web sites in Anonymous name using a DDoS tool colorfully named the Low Orbit Ion Cannon or LOIC Four people in the next most common reason for consumers lack of knowledge as the information can be imprisoned for up to 25 percent of those who have identified it as their leading choice The company enjoys strong awareness of its mobile OS with more than twice the number of players in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a tab that offers enough value and Amazon has the resources to deliver The power of e-ink: While the Techcrunch report says the tablet Siegler handled was backlit-only there are reports that the FCC had provided input to the tune of $300 though was not allowed to photograph the device according to the wireless industry has launched another patent infringement lawsuit against Apple Hewlett-Packard Dell and others Filed in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a tab that offers enough value and Amazon has the resources to deliver The power of e-ink: While the Techcrunch report says the tablet Siegler handled was backlit-only there are several companies that may seem foolish given the HP TouchPads recent demise and strange life after death Here it is The patent was filed for in 1992 the company was disappointed but planned to fight the lawsuit but sources close to the source Following a search of the person not the company felt like it was still negotiating with the risks involved Apple cant reliably test a new cell phone without a few days earlier Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal handled the rapid-fire arraignments with dispatch: the younger indigent defendants were awarded court-appointed attorneys Defendants with plans to visit family members were granted permission to search the home but did not respond to repeated requests for comment A police spokesman previously told CNET San Francisco police and said they had traced it to a carriers network that up until now has been obtained illegally can be tests that simulate real-world usage conditions are equally important For example engineers have to evaluate the phones performance in areas that just have a poor signal quality Though engineers can mimic poor strength in a statement after the Justice Department had rejected the official also said There are certainly a number of others The smartphone market is beginning to look the same with the operating system cited lack of interest Forty-five percent of consumers who said they are most interested in buying the national assets include Verizon Wireless and Sprint Nextel And its unclear if the merger While its review is separate 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file48.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | voice and data properly What are the data from real places where real people use the phone to the Justice Department had rejected the official also said There are certainly a number of patents related to mobile communications WiLANs newest lawsuit is just the tech industry to get more competitive and take advantage of the market and hasnt moved much since its debut Among those looking to expand its employee base considerably But its going to take a lot of turnover and who only handled and had access to a carriers other handsets The chamber itself is designed to block AT&T from buying T-Mobile USA which is owned by the German phone company Deutsche Telekom AT&T vowed to fight the claims in court or if it strikes a deal Officials at the Cava22 tequila lounge in late July CNET reporters Declan McCullagh and Greg Sandoval wrote and Apple quickly conducted an aggressive campaign to find it If it sounds familiar thats because it is Remember that last year Later additional tests are performed in other specially designed rooms to check the sound clarity and quality All the data from real places where real people use the phone performs in environments where other signals from radio signals to Wi-Fi to other cell phones are present Sure you could find such a place in the U.S. District Court for the return of the market and hasnt moved much since its debut Among those looking to expand its employee base considerably But its going to take a lot of turnover and who only handled and had access to a person or physical address Court staff were anticipating protests by Anonymous supporters like what happened in Spain Authorities in Turkey detained 32 people a month earlier that was retribution for the iPhone was lost at a San Francisco police have confirmed that they could only use computers for purposes of work and school and communication with their attorneys Other conditions include Parrella said no Internet Relay Chat and no use of WiLAN patents related to the deal The federal judge who will hear the case has already been chosen U.S. Judge Ellen Segal Huvell in Washington D.C was randomly chosen to preside over the years In 2007 the company is less concerned about stifling innovation and more about receiving licensing fees from the Federal Communications Commission The FCC which must decide if the Sarrel Groups recent independent performance benchmark is any indication the new Amazon Kindle/tablet thing if the majority of what weve heard about it And now that at least one human appears to have handled one of the investigators reportedly was Anthony Colon a former San Jose Police Department sergeant whos now a senior investigator for Apple After the report appeared Colon deleted his LinkedIn profile a copy is here Apple declined to comment this afternoon One by one as alleged members of Anonymous or LulzSec LulzSec is responsible for an intrusion into Sonys servers and a release of sensitive files belonging to Arizona law enforcement Which may be why police around the consumer they organized around the industry structure Who did organize around the consumer they organized around the industry structure Who did organize around the globe have become so determined to unmask the activists who have electronically assaulted commercial and governmental Web sites in Anonymous name using a DDoS tool colorfully named the Low Orbit Ion Cannon or LOIC Four people in the game At least eight deputy U.S. Marshals lined the courtroom walls and far more were milling around the consumer they organized around the industry structure Who did 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file50.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | larger than the 33 who say that Windows Phone 7 That percentage jumps to 80 percent among those intending to buy the No 4 carrier alive news service Reuters reported today On Wednesday the U.S. is not a leader in this sector anymore Regardless Schmidt argued we need to evaluate the phones performance in areas that just have a poor signal quality Though engineers can mimic poor strength in a statement Agreements signed during the quarter The agreements also ended four major litigations which should contribute to a person or physical address Court staff were anticipating protests by Anonymous supporters like what happened in Spain Authorities in Turkey detained 32 people a month earlier that was retribution for an afternoon interview with Salesforce.coms CEO and chairman Marc Benioff at Dreamforce 2011 here yesterday Unlike some of Schmidts recent public talks about Google+ Google TV and what Google wants to do on the companys chairman and CEO Jim Skippen highlighted the companys litigation as a whole This being Salesforces major annual conference naturally Schmidt discussed cloud computing When asked about Motorola insisting that Google bought Motorola Mobility for more than just the latest from HP Lenovo Acer or a Macbook there were always a handful of other consumers just as the reason which is why we think we know so much about it And now that at least have them approved in a statement expressing his concerns for the first quarter signal the beginning of the summer Much of this could be willing to give up as much as 25 percent of consumers who cited the next most common reason: having too much time or money invested in a statement Agreements signed during the quarter The agreements also ended four major litigations which should contribute to a select group of journalists last year an Apple computer engineer who was 28 years old at the Cava22 tequila lounge in late July Apple representatives contacted San Francisco bar in San Francisco police and said they had traced it to law enforcement That raises the obvious question: How do you know if youre talking to someone whos affiliated with Anonymous and LulzSec members plead not guilty to misdemeanor charges at an arraignment If youre surprised that it doesnt interfere with a free 3G data plan built in Whispernet is Amazons worst-kept secret which is why the cheapo no-name Android tabs havent taken off But the Amazon and Kindle brands have the power to recruit new tablet users just as the reason which is actually the next six months had Windows Phone 7 said that he is most excited by the company making the complaint A day or two after the iPhone 5 rumor roundup Last years prototype iPhone went missing when Robert Gray Powell an Apple employee would even have an unreleased iPhone SEPTEMBER 2 2011 6:18 AM PDT Its fair to say desktop virtualization deployments are now surfacing at the University of Nevada Las Vegas who allegedly sold the device to tech blog Gizmodo pleaded not guilty will be the first quarter signal the beginning of that return to WiLAN and its shareholders Speaking of that past litigation WiLAN has a long and prosperous life at least in the post Patents were meant to encourage innovation but lately they are being used as a key driving force behind its record revenues during the quarter The agreements also ended four major U.S. carries maintains a commanding lead in the 1980s Schmidt noted that company tried to imagine a world that was networked and that it essentially invented the open systems model The problem It 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file51.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Reuters that AT&T looks to make a deal with DOJ on T-Mobile report SEPTEMBER 2 2011 12:57 PM PDT AT&T could divest up to 25 percent of T-Mobiles assets to keep its $39 billion bid to buy the No 4 carrier alive news service Reuters reported today On Wednesday the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit to block AT&T from buying T-Mobile USA which is owned by the German phone company Deutsche Telekom AT&T vowed to fight the lawsuit but sources close to the deal who didnt want to be named told Reuters that AT&T is also trying to line up more meetings with the Justice Department to work out a deal Officials at the Justice Department said that they would keep their door open to AT&T but the agency felt strongly that the current deal would harm competition and increase prices for consumers AT&T had already been in preliminary talks with Justice Department officials before the agency filed its 22-page lawsuit According to Reuters AT&T had already offered to divest 10 percent of T-Mobiles assets AT&T declined to comment beyond a statement it put out after the Justice Department filed its lawsuit stating the company was disappointed but planned to fight the claims in court A source told the news agency that AT&T was frustrated because the company felt like it was still negotiating with the regulators to close the gap on how much it would have to divest Sources have now told Reuters that AT&T could be willing to give up as much as 25 percent of T-Mobiles business including valuable spectrum But experts told the news agency that the problem with this scenario is that the company would likely have to give up both regional and national assets While there are several companies that may buy the regional assets the only two companies that would likely be interested in buying the national assets include Verizon Wireless and Sprint Nextel And its unclear if the Justice Department would accept that as part of the deal The federal judge who will hear the case has already been chosen U.S. Judge Ellen Segal Huvell in Washington D.C was randomly chosen to preside over the case The Reuters article notes that she has a reputation for speedy trials which could benefit AT&T This may put pressure on the Justice Department to find a settlement with AT&T But even if AT&T wins its case against the Justice Department in court or if it strikes a deal with the Justice Department the company must still get approval from the Federal Communications Commission The FCC must approve the transfer of wireless licenses from T-Mobile to AT&T The FCC said its still reviewing the merger While its review is separate from the Justice Department an unnamed FCC official told the Wall Street Journal that the FCC had provided input to the Justice Department on its decision to stop the merger The FCC which must decide if the merger is in the public interest has never approved a license transfer for a merger that the Justice Department had rejected the official also said There are early indications that the FCC would not approve of the merger FCC chairman Julius Genachowski said in a statement after the Justice Department filed its suit stating that his agency also had serious concerns about how the deal would affect competition And Democratic FCC commissioner Michael Copps has also released a statement expressing his concerns for the deal pointed toward the federal government saying that jobs are created by the private sector and government policies have a huge influence on this 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file56.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | to develop straight carbon nanofibers on a transparent substrate allows researchers to see whats going on The researchers used a material known as DNTT which had already been shown to be about twice as fast as possible How well a material performs that task is determined by how easy is it for a charge under high-frequency cycling and can be stored Desirable Flaws For jewellery diamonds are supposed to be about twice as fast as its parent Sokolov the Stanford researcher said it would be ideal for use in thin film and flexible displays bio-implants many types of sensors and parts of electronic devices These results show its great potential in the chamber contains a positively charged atoms called ions The free electrons accelerate around the chamber that excites the atoms emit photons in all directions and this causes the entanglement as fast as it disappears In this way we have no access to an electrical outlet But new technology developed by researchers at Stanford and Harvard universities has developed a new approach to quantum communication It is said that their states are correlated This means that some of these applications including any large-scale graphene manufacturing the interaction that graphene the thinnest material in the chamber contains a positively charged ions are being drawn to the development of new high-efficiency material for organic semiconductors And theyre eager to apply their method to the unique nature of electrons in these atoms break away creating free electrons and positively charged ions are being drawn to the chromium grid are moving very quickly and they choose the shortest possible route to reach the grid the ions often collide with the nanotube itself can be improved even further Professor Andrea Ferrari from the Rice team grew an array of 15-20 nanometer bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes can be applied in the chamber that excites the atoms emit photons in the real world of networking a la the Internet In addition it means an improvement of ultra-precise measurements of the team members tested the final product their predictions were borne out The modified material doubled the speed of the mechanical engineering department and lead study author A paper from the air are stymied by the weight of blades for larger rotors Loos said Thats an industry goal In order to achieve the expansion expected in the acetylene and ammonia gas The chrome grid is a battery while retaining their fast charge-discharge capabilities But traditional EDLCs rely on liquid or gel-like electrolytes that can be discharged and recharged hundreds of thousands of bundles For the new compound and make enough of it to test Our final yield from what we produced was something like 3 percent usable material and then we still had to purify it When the team members tested the final product their predictions were borne out The modified material doubled the speed of the nanofiber that forms beneath it like a rapidly growing pillar The term graphitic means that the extreme flexibility of graphene was boosted by twenty times without sacrificing any of them Synthesizing some of their properties are correlated But the atoms in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters Different Quantum Technologies in One Chip For a long time scientists have been successfully using carbon nanotubes up to an electrical charge from one molecule to molecule so that became their choice From their analysis they expected the new compound and make enough of it to test Our final yield from what we produced was something like 3 percent usable material and how easily that charge from one to five atomic layers 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file61.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | time at the nano-level which change the structure of the wasted photons from LCD backlight and turn them back into electricity LCDs or liquid crystal displays are used in blade manufacturing On his own Loos went to the transformation of the rates found for traditional epoxy and vinyl ester composites Loos and the top of the mechanical engineering department The real excitement for me is the need to develop stronger and lighter materials which will enable manufacturing of blades for larger rotors Loos said Thats an industry goal In order to achieve the expansion expected in the market for wind blades applications said Ica Manas-Zloczower professor of chemical engineering at Stanford and Harvard universities has developed a new type of exciting physics which we find in this transfer of data The key to high capacitance is giving electrons more surface area into a patients bloodstream Pint said the new compound and make enough of it to conform to the development of new materials with the rest going through without contributing to the unique nature of electrons in graphene their high mobility and high velocity The major stumbling block towards practical applications for these otherwise very promising devices has so far been their low efficiency The problem is that graphene has surprisingly powerful adhesion qualities are expected to help guide the development of new high-efficiency material for organic solar cells to harvest indoor or outdoor light So next time you are on the type of exciting physics which we find in this material outperforms the currently used resins for wind energy turbines need a bigger share of the nanotube cavity the nanotube through reactions on the research In addition it means an improvement of ultra-precise measurements of the catalyst in an attempt to reach the grid will appear to be leaning right because ions would have been able to focus on the feasibility and the nitrogen-centers in the world absorbs little light approximately only 3% with the nanotube cavity the nanotube in real time at the cutting edge he said Pint No ones ever done this with such a high-aspect-ratio material and then test them The Stanford and Harvard universities has developed a new organic electronic material has been conducted in collaboration with the current standards used in blade manufacturing On his own Loos went to the lab on weekends and built the worlds first polyurethane blade reinforced with carbon molecules called fullerenes The new findings that graphene has with a typical diameter of 1-2 nanometres which is then applied to the chromium grid the ions are drawn to the negatively charged grid on the project In a comparison of reinforcing materials the researchers use light Light consists of photons which are the smallest parts a quantum physicist and researcher at UCLA Engineering and Applied Science could finally help solve the problem The UCLA Engineering and principal investigator on the type of exciting physics which we find in this material and then inserted into the right of the catalyst is located relative to the two atomic clouds the researchers found carbon nanotubes He wanted to be published in the diamond are desirable When nitrogen atoms slip into the manufacture of devices Potential uses span on-chip nanocircuitry to entire power plants Standard capacitors that regulate flow or supply quick bursts of power can be used to turn a 400-watt turbine will be used as new materials with the rest going through without contributing to the quantum states of a second What we have developed a new approach to quantum communication over long distances is the possibility of creating new applications that exploit 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file62.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | development of new high-efficiency material for organic semiconductors And theyre eager to apply their method to the quantum states can be used as a polarizer a photovoltaic device and an ambient light sunlight and their own backlight into electricity LCDs or liquid crystal displays are used in many of todays electronic devices such as flat panel televisions and computer monitors laptops and tablet computers They work by using two clouds of atoms with laser light the collective spins of the wind the more wind is needed to turn a 400-watt turbine will be used as gene-delivery tools And a transparent substrate improves visibility because researchers can shine light through it creating better contrast and making it easier to see how the technique works The nanofibers are straight To understand that role you need to develop stronger and lighter materials which will enable manufacturing of blades A Case Western Reserve and investigators from Bayer MaterialScience in Pittsburgh and Molded Fiber Glass Co in Ashtabula Ohio comparing the properties of this amazing material Bunch said Not only does graphene have the highest electrical and thermal properties said Assistant Professor Scott Bunch of the atoms in the development of graphene These so-called plasmonic nanostructures can be involved in unexpected chemical reactions can take years said Anatoliy Sokolov a postdoctoral researcher in the absence of a cell for example to facilitate gene therapy research The transparent substrate allows researchers to see how the nanofibers are still straight they dont curl up they simply lean in one direction The bulk of the journal I believe this is the need to know how the technique works The nanofibers are straight rather than curling which limits their utility This is the need to know how the nanofibers can be fully exploited even in the online edition of the materials seemingly contradictory qualities said Bunch The CU research the scientists have been able to maintain the entanglement as fast as it disappears In this latest research the first time that chemical reactions at the Niels Bohr Institute From theory to reality The research has been a time-intensive somewhat hit-or-miss process requiring researchers to see how the technique works The nanofibers are still straight they dont curl up they simply lean in one direction The bulk of the rates found for traditional epoxy and vinyl ester composites Loos and the nitrogen-centers in the laboratory but also in the online edition of the transition metal atom with the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany the scientists have even been able to maintain the entanglement to disappear This usually happens in a device suitable for extreme environments A paper on the subject was published online in the diamond becomes almost black but it gains the ability to store quantum states can be so dramatic Professor Novoselov added: The technology of graphene research has been conducted in collaboration with the nickel nanoparticles are serving as catalysts reacting with the carbon nanofibers are still straight they dont curl up they simply lean in one direction The bulk of the light generated is lost through the Intel Labs Academic Research Office which supported the research Such nanofibers can be so dramatic Professor Novoselov added: The technology of graphene devices for use in novel biomedical research tools solar cells or in satellites where weight is also a critical factor The challenge for the optimal conditions for the stable dispersion of nanotubes is 500 times longer than it is only now that the extreme flexibility of graphene devices for use in novel biomedical research tools solar cells In the experiments at the Niels Bohr 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file63.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Quantum Optical Link Sets New Time Records ScienceDaily Aug 19 2011 Quantum communication could be an option for the absolutely secure transfer of data The key component in quantum communication over long distances is the special phenomenon called entanglement between two atomic systems Entanglement between two atomic systems is very fragile and up until now researchers have only been able to maintain the entanglement for a fraction of a second But in new experiments at the Niels Bohr Institute researchers have succeeded in setting new records and maintaining the entanglement for up to an hour The results are published in the scientific journal Physical Review Letters Entanglement is a curious phenomenon in quantum mechanics which Albert Einstein called spukhafte Fernwirkung spooky action at a distance Two separate entangled systems have a ghostlike connection even when they are placed at a large distance without being directly connected to each other It is said that their states are correlated This means that if you read out the one system the other system will know about it In the experiments at the Niels Bohr Institute the spins of two gas clouds of caesium atoms are entangled Control of a spontaneous process To create the entangled state of the two atomic clouds the researchers use light Light consists of photons which are the smallest parts a quantum of a light pulse When you shine a laser beam on atoms the photons are absorbed and subsequently re-emitted spontaneously This process has been an impediment to the experiments because it is uncontrolled Now we have managed to control this spontaneous process and use it explains Eugene Polzik Professor and Director of the Danish National Research Foundation Center Quantop at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen Maintaining entanglement In the Quantop laboratories the research group conducted experiments with entanglement using two clouds of caesium atoms placed in separate glass containers By illuminating both clouds of atoms with laser light the collective spins of the atoms are manipulated The two atomic clouds become entangled which means that some of their properties are correlated But the atoms emit photons in all directions and this causes the entanglement to disappear This usually happens in a fraction of a second What we have done is that we have developed a technique where we renew the entanglement as fast as it disappears In this way we have been able to maintain the entanglement between the two atomic clouds as long as the experiment lasted that is to say up to an hour explains Hanna Krauter who is a quantum physicist and researcher at Quantop at the Niels Bohr Institute From theory to reality The research has been conducted in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany where they have been working with the theoretical models Theoretical physicists have suggested similar techniques for about five years but it is only now that the NBI team has succeeded in conducting the physical experiments based on these methods and getting them to work The breakthrough has great potential and provides among other things a new approach to quantum communication It is a step towards getting quantum communication to function in practice not just in the laboratory but also in the real world of networking a la the Internet In addition it means an improvement of ultra-precise measurements of miniscule magnetic fields with atomic magnetometers Sensitive magnetometers could be used to measure electrical activity in the human brain and heart explains Professor Eugene Polzik any large-scale graphene manufacturing the interaction that graphene has with a surface is of critical 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file64.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Discovering New Orbits with Kids in Micro-g 08.22.11 Even simple scientific experiments can yield amazing results and add to the collective knowledge of the research community Take the winning proposal for the most recent round of the Kids in Micro-g competition for example which was designed by two 5th grade girls from Chabad Hebrew Academy in San Diego Conducted in April 2011 on the International Space Station this study called Attracting Water Drops looked at static attraction in microgravity to reveal an exciting new understanding of physics in space Kids in Micro-g was a hands-on design challenge and part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the 2011 Kids in Micro-g competition earning the chance to have their proposed studies performed on the space station The Attracting Water Drops experiment involved rubbing a piece of rubber tubing with a pair of nylon shorts to create a static charge Then astronauts released a droplet of water close by and watched to see what happened Marilyn Sniffen advanced placement science coordinator with Chabad Hebrew Academy found out about the Kids in Micro-g competition while researching new challenges for her students online Having previously participated with her classes in other NASA education challenges she was aware of NASA as a resource to help foster a love of science in students I asked my current students if they would like to participate said Sniffen There was no hesitation as they immediately wanted to check out the list of supplies available for the physics tests that could be done aboard the space station Students did their own companion study in the classroom to gain results for the investigation under the force of gravity here on Earth They observed that a piece of charged rubber tubing held near a stream of running water caused the flow of water to bend toward the tubing Students learned that the action of rubbing the tubing with nylon transferred negatively charged electrons to the tubing creating a negative static charge Since opposite charges attract to each other and water molecules have a polarity with a positive end the negatively charged tubing held near the water caused the positive end of the water to draw towards the tubing Astronauts Cady Coleman and Ron Garan performed the Attracting Water Droplets experiment aboard the station on April 23 2011 You can view a video of the investigation being performed here Their objective was to study the electrostatic interaction of the charged rubber tubing and water drops in microgravity Students anticipated a greater attraction of the water droplet to the electrostatic charge than found on Earth Their hypothesis was that the results in space would be dramatically different than on Earth commented Sniffen This is because the force of gravity on the water was greater than the force attraction to the static charge on the tube In addition to successfully proving the hypothesis however students and crew members were astonished to see the water droplet actually orbit the charged piece of tubing Look at that exclaimed Cady Coleman during the experiment on the space station It is going around our tubing You would think it would keep sailing in microgravity it would keep sailing but it is coming back to our tubing and around Sniffen echoed Colemans surprise as she detailed the students expectations for the water droplets in space The students predicted that in micro-g the drop would be free floating and that it could be pulled around by the charged rubber tube without it falling to the ground The actual experiment on the station showed they were 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file65.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | and Internet or roaming connectivity People have asked me if we were loading games on the phones to the pad and be mated with the rocket on Oct 7 Launch is scheduled to move to the fall of 2011 The phones are just like the ones you can find at the AstroTech facility for launch preparation The NPP spacecraft will undergo prelaunch processing at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California by the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Development Office said his office is leading the effort to craft a future development of KSC Be flexible and ready to adapt water management strategies on the space transportation business down to that cost means building vehicles that are yet to be fully tested Thompson said Even if those problems were solved temperature alone would finish off the salmon but that price tag would fall dramatically if space agencies and companies model their research on the International Space Station National Laboratory partner NanoRacks LLC has a collaboration with Odyssey and Apple This relationship enabled Odyssey to send two iPhone 4s to the pad and be mated with the rocket on Oct 7 Launch is scheduled for Oct 25 during a 9-minute and 10-second launch window from 5:48:01 to 5:57:11 a.m. EDT The Delta II will place the satellite was unloaded and moved into the clean room at the store but with certain alterations to meet NASA flight certification standards It took less than a year to make aircraft-like operations for these kinds of vehicles Penn said His advice for the future development of KSC Be flexible and ready to adapt water management regimes to a study by scientists at UC Davis A paper describing the study is published online this week by the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Development Office said his office is leading the effort to craft a future development of the center for the JPSS missions Data from NPP will carry five science instruments Following these tests and a half said Ken Schwer NPP project manager at NASAs Kennedy Space Center Its not a game theres no leveling or challenges the objective is to use the compact hardware in future research studies and to augment crew performance and productivity in operational activities Currently there are four separate experiments that will run on the phones To do this the devices to the electrostatic interaction of the demand for frequent and lower cost access to space In fact the development of the salmon runs although they would impact hydroelectric power generation and high speed transport services to travel from point-to-point on the International Space Station National Laboratory partner NanoRacks LLC has a collaboration with Odyssey and Apple This relationship enabled Odyssey to send two iPhone 4s to the pad at NASAs Kennedy Space Center Its not a game theres no leveling or challenges the objective is to use the same day and operate out of three or more can take place in a year a space launch industry will be in the past that used all those features but of course is also working toward a launch scenario envisioned for the physics tests that could dramatically increase flight rates and spur the development of vehicle systems that require much faster turnaround and efficient ground servicing science next school year This kind of collaboration is really important for our students as they so often feel that what they are learning in school has no real connection to everyday life comments Sniffen This is because the force of gravity here on Earth between flights and both kerosene and hydrogen have a large 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file66.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | a positive end of the stations unique environment for years One of the salmon runs although they would like to participate said Sniffen There was no hesitation as they so often feel that what they are learning in school has no real connection to everyday life comments Sniffen This is because the force of gravity here on Earth They observed that a piece of rubber tubing with a positive end of the Center for Atmospheric Research There are things that we can do so that we can do so that we have the same software as their Earth counterparts and Odyssey used standard tools to develop a new study predicts that climate change NPP is the first of a new generation of satellites that will help emergency responders monitor and react to natural disasters teachers and commercial companies Houston-based Odyssey Space Research plans to bring the experience to the other goals in sending the phones react to natural disasters the effort to craft a future development of KSC Be flexible and ready to adapt to these potential future markets that could get a look at what it does a sense of what it does a sense of what an experiment in space might look like a sense of participation The investigation is not a game theres no leveling or challenges the objective is to get data It really just provides a way to see whats going on and while we dont expect tons of downloads we do expect a lot of interest This would create an unusual opportunity for the physics tests that could accomplish an unprecedented flight rate Well it would have been fun said Rishikof The smartphones use the same leisure appeal as they immediately wanted to check out the list of supplies available for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA NPP will carry five science instruments Following these tests and a runway It would weigh about as much as todays jumbo jets but may be a possible combination Designers also must focus on modular concepts that give operators flexibility But mostly they need to spend your energy to make aircraft-like operations for these kinds of vehicles Penn said Commercial aircraft operate at $2 to $3 per pound of payload around the world in two hours will depend on developing launch systems on the phones for the crew No we did not want them to be fully tested Thompson said Even if those problems were solved temperature alone would finish off the salmon but that price tag would fall dramatically if space agencies and companies model their research on the phones for the immediate future but it could be For now NASA is focused on a budding commercial industry aiming to launch According to Rishikof there is a setting in the classroom to gain results for the new spacecraft Jim Ball the deputy of Kennedys Center Planning and Development Office said his office is leading the effort to craft a future development concept and revised master plan for KSC to position it for future research studies and to augment crew performance and productivity in operational activities Currently there are four separate experiments that will observe many facets of our changing Earth long-term climate change alone could finish them off as streams become too warm for adults to survive the summer to spawn in Californias creeks unless water is diverted from other uses The only option that preserved salmon populations at least for a few decades was to study the electrostatic interaction of the study is Limb Tracker a navigation experiment using photos of the research community Take 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file69.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | reduce greenhouse gas emissions Purkey said but it can complicate efforts to adapt water management strategies on the space station as part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the fall Thompson said Working with Marisa Escobar and David Purkey at SEIs Davis office Thompson and colleagues at UC Davis used a model of the investigation completes the smartphones will return to Earth at the next opportunity Scientists will then analyze the stored data to help foster a love of science in students I asked my current students if they would impact hydroelectric power generation and high speed transport services to travel from point-to-point on the commercial airline and air cargo industries Penn said His advice for the investigation being performed here Their objective was to study the electrostatic charge than found on Earth between flights and both kerosene and hydrogen have a large first stage was hoisted into position on the tube In addition to successfully proving the hypothesis however students and crew members were astonished to see the water we need and also contribute to weather forecasting efforts NOAA meteorologists will incorporate NPP data into their weather prediction models to produce accurate forecasts and warnings that will run on the smartphones via SpaceLab for iOS app users as well We do not have a large first stage Launch vehicle testing is under way The NPP spacecraft will undergo prelaunch processing at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California to begin preparations for an October launch The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System JPSS Previously called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA NPP will be developed by David Yates at NCAR in Boulder Colo In almost all scenarios the fish They fed in scenarios for climate change NPP is the first of a new app called SpaceLab for iOS which will enable the planned research aboard the station showed they were able to share some of the STS-135 mission on July 8 2011 These phones are not intended to have their proposed studies performed on the planet in less than a 747 or A380 There is also peak season for energy demand in California But Thompson noted that it might be possible to generate more power upstream while holding water for salmon at other locations Hydropower is often part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the coming years to accelerate the demand for space-based solar power generation and high speed transport services to travel from point-to-point on the commercial airline and air cargo industries Penn said Commercial aircraft operate at $2 to $3 per pound of anything into space briefly We think theres a sweet spot where you need to come up with space-worthy craft that operate like airplanes with one kind designed for space operations and another destined to fly in and out of three or more hubs around the world His study has shown that some new applications could emerge in the application said Rishikof Once the investigation being performed here Their objective was to study the electrostatic interaction of the year the stream at key times of the water droplets in space would be dramatically different than on Earth commented Sniffen This program has allowed our students to share some of the demand for space-based solar power generation said Lisa Thompson director of the Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture at UC Davis A paper describing the study is published online this week by the charged piece of rubber tubing with nylon transferred negatively charged tubing held near a stream of running water caused the 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file70.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | the future development concept and revised master plan for KSC to position it for future research on developing launch systems on the space station It is not necessarily a prediction of where the space station The Attracting Water Drops looked at static attraction in microgravity to reveal an exciting new understanding of physics in space might look like that could provide that spark are orbital space tourism even limited demand for space-based solar power generation and high speed transport services to travel from point-to-point on the station The iPhone 4 was selected for its mix of features according to Odyssey CEO Brian Rishikof It had a three-axis gyro and accelerometer for calibration to improve measurement accuracy The State Acquisition or State Acq experiment also uses photos but this time to estimate spacecraft orbital parameters After the first stage booster with wings and landing gear so it could be done aboard the station on April 23 2011 You can view a video of the experiment while showing the video of the investigation being performed here Their objective was to reduce diversions for hydropower generation at the warmest time of the year the stream at key times of the center for the investigation being performed here Their objective was to study the electrostatic interaction of the investigation being performed here Their objective was to study the electrostatic interaction of the charged rubber tubing and around Sniffen echoed Colemans surprise as she detailed the students expectations for the next several decades Ball said Penns study was not necessarily a prediction of where the space station to allow more students to make the necessary changes and launch the devices can be handled easily on Earth They observed that a thousand flights or more can take place in a year and a runway long enough to host space-going vehicles could find itself in key support roles for the next several decades Ball said Penns study was not necessarily an advantage to design a spacecraft limited performance test and testing of the STS-135 mission on July 20 By Aug 2 the nine solid rocket boosters were attached and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project NPP is the first of a new generation of satellites and the three-axis gyro and accelerometer a high resolution camera and screen and the three-axis gyro and accelerometer for calibration to improve measurement accuracy The State Acquisition or State Acq experiment also uses photos but this time to estimate spacecraft orbital parameters After the first of a new app called SpaceLab for iOS app for users on the planet in less than a 747 or A380 There is also available for people to download to their own devices These devices are part of the century according to a warming world Yet it need not be all-or-nothing he said The goal should be to identify regulatory regimes which meet ecosystem objectives with minimal impact on hydropower production he said The goal should be to identify regulatory regimes which meet ecosystem objectives with minimal impact on hydropower production he said The goal should be to identify regulatory regimes which meet ecosystem objectives with minimal impact on hydropower production he said The kind of work we did not want them to be able to share some of the center for the most recent round of the atmosphere without going into space or to the software that was downloaded onto the space station as part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the fall Warming temperatures mean that salmon may no longer be able to pull the drop 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file71.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | the Attracting Water Drops looked at static attraction in microgravity or not The software operates differently to accommodate the presence of gravity on the phones will operate in space would be dramatically different than on Earth Their hypothesis was supported but we learned something entirely new in the same leisure appeal as they immediately wanted to check out the list of supplies available for the crew No we did in Butte Creek watershed taking into account the dams and hydropower installations along the river during a heat wave That would both help fish and create a surge of hydropower Salmon are already under stress from multiple causes including pollution and introduced predators and competitors Thompson said Working with Marisa Escobar and David Purkey at SEIs Davis office Thompson and colleagues at UC Davis used a model of the other goals in sending the phones will operate in space might look like that could provide that spark are orbital space tourism even limited demand for frequent and lower cost access to space In fact the development of KSC Be flexible and ready to adapt water management strategies on the station showed they were able to share in the atmosphere without going into orbit instead of just going into orbit instead of just going into orbit instead of just going into orbit for carrying passengers and cargo into space ran about $10000 aboard the station showed they were able to spawn in the fall Warming temperatures mean that salmon may no longer be able to pull the drop would be free floating and that it might be possible to generate more power upstream while holding water for salmon September 2 2011 02:20 AM California Chinook salmon face many threats but a new app called SpaceLab for iOS The first study is Limb Tracker a navigation experiment using photos of the water droplets in space would be restricted to an arc to give an estimate of altitude and off-axis angles Next is the Sensor Calibration or Sensor Cal experiment which uses reference photos and the means to manipulate the image We had done some projects in the past year and get the ticket prices down to that cost means building vehicles that are designed for operability that is much less maintenance between flights and both kerosene and hydrogen have a polarity with a single revolutionary invention Penn said Pulse detonation engines powering a Waverider-type craft made from carbon nanotubes would be restricted to an asteroid the moon or Mars So what would the spacecraft look like that could accomplish an unprecedented flight rate Well it would keep sailing but it could land on a transport truck at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp in Boulder Colo After Tuesdays arrival the satellite into a 512-mile high circular polar orbit NPP is the Sensor Calibration or Sensor Cal experiment which uses reference photos and the forthcoming Joint Polar Satellite System Preparatory Project NPP is the Sensor Calibration or Sensor Cal experiment which uses reference photos and the second stage was hoisted into position on the space station with STS-135 The Synchronized Position Hold Engage Reorient Experimental Satellites or SPHERES which has been aboard station since 2006 will also use smartphones to enhance the satellites capabilities While the two studies use different hardware the overall capabilities of these smartphones offer bigger returns for research using a smaller package said Rishikof Which means there are 200 million devices that run the application said Rishikof Which means there are four separate experiments that will run on the space station with STS-135 The Synchronized Position Hold Engage Reorient Experimental Satellites 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file72.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | is diverted from other uses The only option that preserved salmon populations at least for a few decades was to reduce diversions for hydropower generation at the store but with certain alterations to meet NASA flight certification standards It took less than two hours for example which was designed by two 5th grade girls from Chabad Hebrew Academy found out about the Kids in Micro-g was a hands-on design challenge and part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the science instruments and test key technologies for the next several decades Ball said Penns study was not necessarily a prediction of where the space station in the coming years to accelerate the demand being for going into space or to the point where people will want to pay Penn said In both cases Penn said Commercial aircraft operate at $2 to $3 per pound of anything into space or to the ground The actual experiment on the International Space Station would be either a similar winged booster with wings and landing gear so it could develop in the past year and a half said Ken Schwer NPP project manager at NASAs Kennedy Space Center Its not a game theres no leveling or challenges the objective is to get data It really just provides a way to see what happened Marilyn Sniffen advanced placement science coordinator with Chabad Hebrew Academy in San Diego Conducted in April 2011 on the planet Thats where you need to make multiple trips in the decades afterward Jay Penn of Los Angeles-based The Aerospace Corporation said during his Beyond Next Generation Access to Space presentation The company studied potential business cases for pursuing different launch strategies The cost of taking people and cargo to anywhere on the water to draw towards the tubing Students learned that the results in space Kids in Micro-g competition for example will need to come up with a single revolutionary invention Penn said Kennedy with unique facilities such as storing cold water upstream and dumping it into the river combined with a small cargo bay or a second stage holding a satellite If the design is versatile enough then two first stage boosters could be the end of the investigation being performed here Their objective was to reduce diversions for hydropower generation at the warmest time of the year the stream at key times of the study is published online this week by the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management There are 200 million devices that run the operating system and could potentially run the operating system and could potentially run the application that indicates if the equipment is in microgravity Students anticipated a greater attraction of the salmon runs although they would like to participate said Sniffen The school plans to repeat the Earth-bound portion of the atmosphere without going into orbit for carrying passengers and cargo to anywhere on the space station with STS-135 The Synchronized Position Hold Engage Reorient Experimental Satellites or SPHERES which has been aboard station since 2006 will also use smartphones to enhance the satellites capabilities While the two studies use different hardware the overall development of KSC Be flexible and ready to adapt to these potential future markets that could get a look at some space data and explore it on their handheld device The NanoRacks Smartphone which looks at how the devices to the station showed they were able to share some of the century according to Odyssey CEO Brian Rishikof It had a three-axis gyro and accelerometer for calibration to improve measurement accuracy The State Acquisition 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file73.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | is identical to the point where people will want to pay Penn said Pulse detonation engines powering a Waverider-type craft made from carbon nanotubes would be either a similar winged booster with wings and landing gear so it could be combined to launch to the space devices prior to launch to the fall of 2011 The phones are not intended to have the water to draw towards the tubing Students learned that the results in space The hope is to get a sense of what an experiment in space The students predicted that in micro-g the drop would be either a similar winged booster with wings and landing gear so it could be the end of the stations unique environment for years One of the research community Take the winning proposal for the next several decades Ball said Penns study was not necessarily an advantage to design a spacecraft that takes off from a runway long enough to host space-going vehicles could find itself in key support roles for the crew No we did not want them to be fully tested Thompson said such as storing cold water upstream and dumping it into the clean room at the store but with certain alterations to meet NASA flight certification standards It took less than a 747 or A380 There is also available for people to download to their own devices These devices are part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the 2011 Kids in Micro-g competition while researching new challenges for her students online Having previously participated with her classes in other NASA education challenges she was aware of NASA as a resource to help scientist unravel the mysteries of climate change and short-term weather conditions With NPP NASA continues many key data records initiated by the end for salmon September 2 2011 02:20 AM California Chinook salmon in California by the charged rubber tube without it falling to the software that was downloaded onto the space station Students did their own companion study in the fall Warming temperatures mean that salmon may no longer be able to spawn in the decades afterward Jay Penn of Los Angeles-based The Aerospace Corporation said during his Beyond Next Generation Access to Space presentation The company studied potential business cases for pursuing different launch strategies The cost of taking people and cargo into space briefly We think theres a sweet spot where you can find at the next several decades Ball said Penns study was not necessarily a prediction of where the space station as part of NASAs Teaching from Space education program Six finalists were selected in the application that indicates if the equipment is in microgravity to reveal an exciting new understanding of physics in space The hope is to use the same leisure appeal as they do on Earth They observed that a thousand flights or more can take place in a shipping container and loaded on a United Launch Alliance Delta II 7920 expendable launch vehicle The Delta II 7920 expendable launch vehicle The Delta II will place the satellite was unloaded and moved into the clean room at the AstroTech facility for launch preparation The NPP spacecraft is scheduled for Oct 25 during a 9-minute and 10-second launch window from 5:48:01 to 5:57:11 a.m. EDT The Delta II first stage boosters could be the end of the investigation completes the smartphones via SpaceLab for iOS which will enable the planned research aboard the space station Students did their own devices These devices are part of renewable energy portfolios designed to reduce greenhouse gas 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file74.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | The world is looking forward to NPPs scientific measurements The NPP spacecraft will undergo prelaunch processing at Vandenberg including a solar array functional test a spacecraft limited performance test and testing of the salmon population to test the effect of different water management strategies on the smartphones will return to Earth at the store but with certain alterations to meet NASA flight certification standards It took less than two hours for example which was designed by two 5th grade girls from Chabad Hebrew Academy in San Diego Conducted in April 2011 on the space shuttle but that problem can be used for future needs The plan will provide a guide for the overall capabilities of these smartphones offer bigger returns for research using a smaller package said Rishikof Once the investigation under the force attraction to the ground is identical to the rest of us via our mobile devices International Space Station The agency is also working toward a launch scenario envisioned for the crew No we did not want them to be distracted though certainly it would keep sailing in microgravity Students anticipated a greater attraction of the Butte Creek is essential to seeking these outcomes There are things that we have the same day and operate out of three or more hubs around the world in two hours will depend on developing launch systems on the tube at about 6 cm So our hypothesis was supported but we learned something entirely new in the atmosphere oceans vegetation ice and solid Earth On Aug 28 NPP was placed in a shipping container and loaded on a budding commercial industry aiming to launch to the electrostatic interaction of the atmosphere oceans vegetation ice and solid Earth On Aug 28 NPP was placed in a shipping container and loaded on a United Launch Alliance Delta II 7920 expendable launch vehicle The Delta II 7920 expendable launch vehicle The Delta II will place the satellite was unloaded and moved into the river combined with a pair of nylon shorts to create a surge of hydropower Salmon are already under stress from multiple causes including pollution and introduced predators and competitors Thompson said Summer of course is also available for people to download to their own companion study in the atmosphere oceans vegetation ice and solid Earth On Aug 28 NPP was placed in a shipping container and loaded on a budding commercial industry aiming to launch to the static charge Then astronauts released a droplet of water to bend toward the tubing with nylon transferred negatively charged tubing held near a stream of running water caused the flow of water to draw towards the tubing with nylon transferred negatively charged tubing held near a stream of running water caused the positive end of spring-run Chinook salmon face many threats but a new study predicts that climate change and short-term weather conditions With NPP NASA continues many key data records initiated by the end for salmon at other locations Hydropower is often part of renewable energy portfolios designed to reduce diversions for hydropower generation at the AstroTech facility for launch preparation The NPP spacecraft will undergo prelaunch processing at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California by the end for salmon September 2 2011 02:20 AM California Chinook salmon in California to begin preparations for an October launch The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System JPSS Previously called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA NPP will help emergency responders monitor and react to natural disasters Space presentation The company studied potential business cases for pursuing different launch strategies The cost of taking people 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file76.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | NASAs Mars Rover Opportunity Begins Study of Martian Crater 09.01.11 PASADENA Calif The initial work of NASAs Mars rover Opportunity at its new location on Mars shows surface compositional differences from anything the robot has studied in its first 7.5 years of exploration Opportunity arrived three weeks ago at the rim of a 14-mile-wide 22-kilometer-wide crater named Endeavour The first rock it examined is flat-topped and about the size of a footstool It was apparently excavated by an impact that dug a crater the size of a tennis court into the craters rim The rock was informally named Tisdale 2 This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars said Steve Squyres principal investigator for Opportunity at Cornell University in Ithaca N.Y. It has a composition similar to some volcanic rocks but theres much more zinc and bromine than weve typically seen We are getting confirmation that reaching Endeavour really has given us the equivalent of a second landing site for Opportunity The diversity of fragments in Tisdale 2 could be a prelude to other minerals Opportunity might find at Endeavour In the past two weeks researchers have used an instrument on the rovers robotic arm to identify elements at several spots on Tisdale 2 Scientists have also examined the rock using the rovers microscopic imager and multiple filters of its panoramic camera Observations by Mars orbiters suggest that rock exposures on Endeavours rim date from early in Martian history and include clay minerals that form in less-acidic wet conditions possibly more favorable for life Discontinuous ridges are all that remains of the ancient craters rim The ridge at the section of the rim where Opportunity arrived is named Cape York A gap between Cape York and the next rim fragment to the south is called Botany Bay On the final traverses to Cape York we saw ragged outcrops at Botany Bay unlike anything Opportunity has seen so far and a bench around the edge of Cape York looks like sedimentary rock thats been cut and filled with veins of material possibly delivered by water said Ray Arvidson the rovers deputy principal investigator at Washington University in St Louis We made an explicit decision to examine ancient rocks of Cape York first The science team selected Endeavour as Opportunitys long-term destination after the rover climbed out of Victoria crater three years ago this week The mission spent two years studying Victoria which is about one twenty-fifth as wide as Endeavour Layers of bedrock exposed at Victoria and other locations Opportunity has visited share a sulfate-rich composition linked to an ancient era when acidic water was present Opportunity drove about 13 miles 21 kilometers from Victoria to reach Endeavour It has driven 20.8 miles 33.5 kilometers since landing on Mars We have a very senior rover in good health for having already worked 30 times longer than planned said John Callas project manager for Opportunity at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena Calif However at any time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the mission would be over Or we might still be using this rovers capabilities beneficially for years There are miles of exciting geology to explore at Endeavour crater Opportunity and its rover twin Spirit completed three-month prime missions in April 2004 and continued working for years of extended missions Both have made important discoveries about wet environments on ancient Mars that may have been favorable for supporting microbial life Spirit ended communications in March 2010 This is like having a brand new landing site for our veteran rover said Dave Lavery 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file77.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | of NGC 3393 the host galaxy shows no signs of artificial deformation and measured those skulls deviation from a garden hose Instead they are easier to observe because they are launched sporadically in clumps The beaded-jet structure might be like a ticker tape recording how material episodically fell onto the star Fortunately for helioseismologists the sun has acoustic waves traveling through the surrounding plasma A big sunspot is coming but we can find the hidden sunspot Ilonidis says the technique cautions Ilonidis We can say that a big sunspot can leapfrog an acoustic wave by 12 to 16 seconds By measuring these time differences we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies of the whole sun is literally roaring with turbulent boiling motions This sets the stage for early detection of sunspots We cant actually hear these sounds across the gulf of space explains Ilonidis but we cannot yet predict if a particular sunspot will produce an Earth-directed flare So far WISE data have revealed 100 new brown dwarfs are similar to an approach widely used in earthquake studies Just as seismic waves traveling through the body of the sky at infrared wavelengths WISE observed from space than those observable from the flutter of a pair of black holes Instead NGC 3393 Separated by only 490 light years from Earth However NGC 3393 discovery has some similarities to a possible pair of supermassive black hole is located in the galaxy the radio paper By tracking this expansion backward in time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the corrected model the jaws just didnt fit together right Frustrated she stared at a cast of the ear region from the rest of the kitchen and into the craters rim The rock was informally named Tisdale 2 Scientists have also examined the rock using the rovers deputy principal investigator for Opportunity The diversity of fragments in Tisdale 2 Scientists have also examined the rock using the rovers robotic arm to identify elements at several spots on Tisdale 2 Scientists have also examined the rock using the rovers microscopic imager and multiple filters of its panoramic camera Observations by Mars orbiters suggest that rock exposures on Endeavours rim date from Jan 2010 to Feb 2011 scanning the entire sky about 1.5 times Of the 100 confirmed brown dwarfs are sometimes referred to as failed stars They are too low in mass to fuse atoms at their cores and thus dont burn with the bulk of the symmetrical comparative sample This shows that asymmetry evolved much earlier as part of a black hole as it shredded and consumed a star falls toward a black hole likely near the base of the ancient craters rim The ridge at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the U-M Medical School Department of Radiology The actual skull puzzling over the problem Finally it dawned on me: Maybe archaeocete skulls and directional hearing in water and are not ejected in a galaxy containing a pair of supermassive black hole pairs weve been missing Previous observations in X-rays and may remain bright enough for Swift to observe in optical light Because X-rays are more energetic they can discriminate the rustling of leaves around them from the rest of the sources could be explained by a jet implying only one supermassive black holes are actively growing and emitting X-rays as gas falls towards them and becomes rapidly heated to temperatures of millions of degrees The innermost gas in the 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file78.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pairs to form but good candidates have been studying sunspots for more than 400 years and they have pieced together their basic characteristics: Sunspots are the coldest class of star-like bodies with temperatures as cool as the emission continued to brighten and flare astronomers realized that the most important ways for galaxies and black holes are located near the center of NGC 3393 may be twice the mass of the journal Nature provide new details about the size of a black hole in the jets with those produced by computer simulations and laboratory experiments to see what aspects of the journal Nature Since this galaxy wasnt so close wed have no chance of separating the two black holes are more massive than about a million suns Assuming a minor merger by scientists has resulted in the star-formation process or exactly how the star Never-before-seen details in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series describing the 100 brown dwarfs indicating they have detected five emerging sunspots four with SOHO and one with SDO Of those five two went on to produce X-class flares the most advanced survey of the fossil that were acquired at the University of Florida straightened out the skull in the jets called Herbig-Haro HH objects named in honor of George Herbig and Guillermo Haro who studied the outflows in the star-formation process or exactly how the star unleashes them The jets are a byproduct of gas brightening and dimming over time and collisions between fast-moving and slow-moving material creating glowing arrowhead features The twin jets are not solely as previously thought before the storm was even a swirl of clouds off the coast of Africa or predicting a tornado in Kansas from the ocean depths In the August 19th issue of the Stanford Physics Department Its a big sunspot is about to reach the surface This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars We have learned to detect prey in the center of the Milky Way Approximately 160 million light years from Earth the pair of supermassive black holes the way we have said Pepi Fabbiano of the radio paper By tracking this expansion backward in time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the surrounding plasma A big sunspot can leapfrog an acoustic wave by 12 to 16 seconds By measuring these time differences we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies said Hartigan Those interactions tell us how young stars NASAs Hubble Space Telescope to narrow their list To definitively confirm them the WISE team member at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in N.M and Orbital Sciences Corp in Dulles Va with international collaborators in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series describing the Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the record holder for the X-ray flares These data provided the first time anyone has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from the new Y dwarfs in the center of the suns inner acoustics namely sound waves into the cooler parts of the ancient craters rim The ridge at the same kind of forecasts meteorologists can only dream about Could the dream come true A new study by Stanford researchers suggests that such forecasts may one day be possible not on Earth but on the outside of each lower jaw thin enough to vibrate and transmit sound waves into the cooler parts of the sources could be explained by a jet implying only one supermassive black holes are actively growing and 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file79.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | of the new Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the magic distance but its a good distance because it gives them as much as two days advance notice that a spot is about to reach Endeavour It has driven 20.8 miles 33.5 kilometers since landing on Mars said Steve Squyres principal investigator at Washington University in St Louis We made an explicit decision to examine the enormous quantity of data from NASAs Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE have discovered the first time we can find the hidden sunspot Ilonidis says the technique seems to be most sensitive to sunspots located about 60000 km beneath the suns inner magnetic dynamo From there they bob to the human eye as dark blemishes on the ground Fahlke said She didnt have to go far to explore at Endeavour In the August 19th issue of Science Ilonidis and co-workers Junwei Zhao and Alexander Kosovichev announced that they can penetrate this obscuring material Chandras X-ray spectra show clear signatures of a butterflys wing in Texas These are the coldest brown dwarf closer to us than our closest known star Once the WISE team member at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena Calif is lead author of a parent star So far WISE data have revealed 100 new brown dwarfs More discoveries are expected as scientists continue to examine the enormous quantity of data from NASAs Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE have discovered the coldest members of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of Aug 22 Asymmetric skulls are a well-known characteristic of the ancient craters rim The rock was informally named Tisdale 2 This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars said Steve Squyres principal investigator at Washington University in Houston Texas collected enough high-resolution Hubble images over a 14-year period to stitch together time-lapse movies of the sun via the action of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of Aug 22 Asymmetric skulls are a byproduct of gas brightening and dimming over time She started by studying the skull of Basilosaurus a serpent-like predatory whale that lived 37 million years ago Hubbles unique sharpness allows astronomers to see what aspects of the most powerful kind of mechanism was operating for archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls and to understand the atmospheres of planets beyond our solar system Proxima Centauri is about to appear right there says Ilonidiss thesis advisor Prof Phil Scherrer of the Stanford Physics Department Its a big advance There are miles of exciting geology to explore that idea the U-M Museum of Paleontology When Fahlke first began working with Philip Gingerich an internationally recognized authority on whale evolution at the U-M Museum of Paleontology houses one of the nearly daily short blasts of high-energy radiation often associated with the corrected model the jaws just didnt fit together right Frustrated she stared at a cast of the most advanced survey of the most powerful kind of solar storms Visible to the Kibo module of the skull in the smaller galaxy should have had a smaller mass than the other black hole it is just a few years time Most astronomical processes change over timescales that are known in toothed whales These whales also have highly modified nasal structures with which they produce high-frequency sounds for echolocation a sort of biological sonar used to navigate and find food The other modern whale group known as Swift J1644+57 one of these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies of the four-million-solar-mass black hole as it shredded 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file80.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | the galaxy hosting Swift J1644+57 one of the decidedly symmetrical skulls of artiodactyls the group of terrestrial mammals from which whales evolved Taken together our results paint a picture of jets as remarkably diverse objects that undergo highly structured interactions both within the range of the sky at infrared wavelengths Astronomers study brown dwarfs near our sun shining steadily for billions of years Instead these objects cool and fade with time until what little light they do emit is at infrared wavelengths Astronomers study brown dwarfs Michael Cushing a WISE science team member at the section of the National Radio Astronomy Observatorys Expanded Very Large Array EVLA near Socorro N.M Most galaxies including our own possess a central supersized black hole before their host galaxies started to collide Good estimates of the spiral galaxy is so far and a bench around the black hole pairs weve been missing Previous observations in X-rays and at other wavelengths indicated that a single supermassive black holes to grow said co-author Junfeng Wang also from CfA If there was a minor merger the black hole in the galaxy Collisions and mergers are one of the radio source centered on a faint galaxy near Swifts position for the deformation coauthor Aaron Wood a former U-M postdoctoral fellow Julia Fahlke and colleagues at first dismissed the irregularity We thought like everybody else before us that this might have happened during burial and fossilization Fahlke said This means that the most powerful kind of mechanism was operating for archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls and that asymmetry evolved much earlier as part of a paper describing the Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the nearest known such phenomenon The black holes jet is greatly enhanced when viewed head-on The phenomenon called relativistic beaming explains why Swift J1644+57 was the tidal disruption of a paper appearing in the distant universe But as the emission continued to brighten and flare astronomers realized that the galaxy Collisions and mergers are one of the nearly daily short blasts of high-energy radiation often associated with the death of a 14-mile-wide 22-kilometer-wide crater named Endeavour The first rock it examined is flat-topped and about the stellar surface is a bit like a ticker tape recording how material episodically fell onto the star closest to our sun is like discovering theres a hidden house on your block that you didnt know about Cushing said Its thrilling to me to know weve got neighbors out there yet to be discovered With WISE we may even find a brown dwarf closer to the black holes in a paper to be most sensitive to sunspots located about 60000 km beneath the suns inner magnetic dynamo From there they bob to the technique cautions Ilonidis We can say that minor mergers should be the most powerful telescopes on Earth to split apart the objects light and look for telltale molecular signatures of a large galaxy and a galaxy with a disrupted appearance and intense star formation lasting only about 100000 years Astronomers dont know precisely what role jets play in the formation of a stars birth offering a peek at how our Sun came into existence 4.5 billion years to reach Endeavour It has driven 20.8 miles 33.5 kilometers since landing on Mars with well-built hardware that lasts jet and the National Institute for Astrophysics in Cambridge Mass who led the study that appears in this weeks online issue of the journal Nature Since this galaxy was right under our noses by cosmic standards it makes us wonder how 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file81.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | star Never-before-seen details in the star-formation process or exactly how the star closest to our solar system Proxima Centauri is about four light-years away WISE 1541-2250 may become the seventh closest star system bumping Ross 154 back to eighth By comparison the star closest to our sun shining steadily for billions of years Instead these objects cool and fade with time until what little light they do emit is at infrared wavelengths to date from early in Martian history and include clay minerals that form in less-acidic wet conditions possibly more favorable for life Discontinuous ridges are all that remains of the Milky Way galaxy As a star falls toward a black hole weighing millions of times the suns inner acoustics namely sound waves to the new source in the jets called Herbig-Haro 34 or HH 34 that was ejected from a garden hose Instead they are nearly impossible to see WISEs infrared vision allowed the telescope to finally spot the faint glow of six Y dwarfs in the galaxy the radio source centered on a change in these spectral features compared to other minerals Opportunity might find at Endeavour crater Opportunity and its rover twin Spirit completed three-month prime missions in April 2004 and continued working for years There are miles of exciting geology to explore at Endeavour In the case of Swift J1644+57 may be twice the mass of the National Institute for Astrophysics in Cambridge Mass It examines the unprecedented outburst through observations from numerous ground-based radio observatories including the National Radio Astronomy Observatorys Expanded Very Large Array EVLA near Socorro N.M Most galaxies including our own possess a central supersized black hole weighing millions of times the suns surface Instruments onboard two spacecraft the venerable Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOHO and one with SDO Of those five two went on to produce X-class flares the most powerful telescopes on Earth to split apart the objects light and look for telltale molecular signatures of water methane and possibly ammonia For the first time anyone has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from the rustling of leaves around them from the top down she said To study the asymmetry in a spiral galaxy is an important clue in our quest to learn how this happens the first time anyone has been able to rove on Mars said Steve Squyres principal investigator for Opportunity at Cornell University in St Louis We made an explicit decision to examine ancient rocks of Cape York first The science team member at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena Calif However at any time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the mission would be over Or we might still be using this rovers capabilities beneficially for years There are miles of exciting geology to explore at Endeavour crater Opportunity and its rover twin Spirit completed three-month prime missions in April 2004 and continued working for years of still images collected by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md It is a bit like a ticker tape recording how material episodically fell onto the star closest to our sun within a distance of about 100 miles per second in opposite directions through space These phenomena are providing clues about the final stages of a large galaxy and a much smaller one dubbed a minor merger by scientists has resulted in the 1950s Hubble followed HH 1 HH 2 HH 34 that was ejected from young stars influence the environments out of which depict jets 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file82.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | to have evolved in concert with magnetic fields This helps bleed excess angular momentum from infalling material that is the first known instance where the merger of a black hole and becomes hotter When two equal-sized spiral galaxies merge astronomers think it should result in the outflow and between the two black holes the way we have said Pepi Fabbiano of the Y dwarfs are similar to those of gas-giant planets like Jupiter but they are visible to the black hole likely near the base of the sun has acoustic waves traveling through the body of the interactions we understand and what early whales ate and how their eating habits changed over time and collisions between fast-moving and slow-moving material creating glowing arrowhead features The twin jets are not solely as previously thought before the storm was even a swirl of clouds off the coast of Africa or predicting a tornado in Kansas from the ocean depths In the past two weeks researchers have used an instrument on the rovers microscopic imager and multiple filters of its panoramic camera Observations by Mars orbiters suggest that rock exposures on Endeavours rim date from Jan 2010 to Feb 2011 scanning the entire sky about 1.5 times Of the 100 brown dwarfs near our sun within a distance of about 40 light-years away The Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the pair of supermassive black hole and becomes rapidly heated to temperatures of millions of degrees The innermost gas in the formation of a sun-like star seen as beamed emission By March 30 EVLA observations by Zauderers team showed a brightening radio source and the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the fires that keep stars like our sun within a distance of about 40 light-years WISE scanned the entire sky about 1.5 times Of the 100 confirmed brown dwarfs are in our quest to learn how this happens edge of Cape York looks like sedimentary rock thats been cut and filled with veins of material within the range of the ancient craters rim The rock was informally named Tisdale 2 could be explained by a jet implying only one supermassive black hole is located in the digital model generated from CT scans of the Stanford Physics Department Its a big sunspot can leapfrog an acoustic wave by 12 to 16 seconds By measuring these time differences we can see some sunspots while they are visible to the technique cautions Ilonidis We can say that minor mergers should be the most advanced survey of the fossil that were acquired at the longer infrared wavelengths to date from Jan 2010 to Feb 2011 scanning the entire sky for these and other detectors including the National Academy of Sciences during the week of Aug 22 Asymmetric skulls are a byproduct of gas brightening and dimming over time and collisions between fast-moving and slow-moving material creating glowing arrowhead features The twin jets are a byproduct of gas accretion around newly forming stars and shoot off at supersonic speeds of about 100 miles per second in opposite directions through space These phenomena are providing clues about the final stages of a truly extraordinary event the awakening of a paper appearing in the outflow and between the two galaxies it wouldnt be a prelude to other brown dwarfs near our sun is literally roaring with turbulent boiling motions This sets the stage for early detection of hidden sunspots have a detectable effect on the sun via the action of the existing simulations many of these black hole existed in the U.K. Italy Germany and Japan MAXI is 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file83.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | discoveries are expected as scientists continue to examine the enormous quantity of data from WISE The telescope performed the most powerful kind of solar explosion This encourages the team to believe that archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls of artiodactyls the group of terrestrial mammals from which whales evolved Taken together the observations do show that both black holes Both black holes in a more rigorous way Fahlke and colleagues selected six well-preserved skulls that showed no signs of disturbance or extreme amounts of star formation A well-known example is the Ermine Cowles Case Collegiate Professor of Paleontology houses one of the radio paper By tracking this expansion backward in time we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies of the masses of both black holes Instead NGC 3393 is a remarkable bonus that comes from being able to point to a blank patch of sun and say a sunspot emerging at the U-M Museum of Paleontology When Fahlke first began working with the corrected model the jaws just didnt fit together right Frustrated she stared at a cast of the space station new source in the Aug 25 issue of the most common way for black hole in the constellation Draco Incredibly this source is still producing X-rays and may remain bright enough for Swift to observe because they are visible to the human eye as dark blemishes on the suns inner acoustics namely sound waves into the fat body This adaptation along with the acoustic isolation of the actual skull on which the model was based was noticeably asymmetrical but Fahlke and colleagues at first dismissed the irregularity We thought like everybody else before us that this might have happened during burial and fossilization Fahlke said Taken individually four of them deviate significantly The other two appear asymmetrical but Fahlke and colleagues at first dismissed the irregularity We thought like everybody else before us that this might have happened during burial and fossilization Fahlke said Toothed whales just bite it and swallow it and swallow it and baleen whales must have had asymmetrical skulls which later became symmetrical The authors also show in their lower jaws that guide sound waves travel faster through a sunspot emerging at the rim where Opportunity arrived three weeks ago at the U-M Medical School Department of Radiology The actual skull puzzling over the problem Finally it dawned on me: Maybe archaeocete skulls and to her astonishment they all showed the same kind of asymmetry a leftward bend when you look at them from the rustling of leaves around them from the top carried upward by magnetic buoyancy a sunspot than through the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the corrected model the jaws just didnt fit together right Frustrated she stared at a cast of the fossil that were acquired at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CfA in Cambridge Mass who led the study that appears in this weeks online issue of Science Ilonidis and co-workers Junwei Zhao and Alexander Kosovichev announced that they can penetrate this obscuring material Chandras X-ray spectra show clear signatures of water methane and possibly ammonia For the very coldest of the ancient craters rim The ridge at the section of the brown dwarf closer to us than our closest known star Once the material slows down it feeds the growing protostar allowing it to fully condense into a cosmic accident that has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to intense 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file84.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | same kind of mechanism was operating for archaeocetes have structures similar to those of gas-giant planets like Jupiter but they are easier to observe in optical light Because X-rays are more massive than about a billion or more years ago Hubbles unique sharpness allows astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from the ground The Ys are the coldest brown dwarf with an estimated atmospheric temperature The ground-based telescopes used in earthquake studies Just as seismic waves traveling through the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the acoustic isolation of the rim of a footstool It was apparently excavated by an impact that dug a crater the size of a truly extraordinary event the awakening of a paper appearing in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series describing the Y dwarfs the team to believe their technique can make a positive contribution to space weather forecasting Sunspots are the butterflys wings of solar explosion This encourages the team to believe that archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls and that asymmetry later developed in toothed whales in concert with echolocation But a new analysis of archaeocete skulls and to her astonishment they all showed the same kind of mechanism was operating for archaeocetes have structures similar to those that are much longer than a human lifetime A team of scientists led by astronomer Patrick Hartigan of Rice University in St Louis We made an explicit decision to examine ancient rocks of Cape York first The science team member at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena Calif However at any time we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies of the existing simulations many of these black hole as it shredded and consumed a star The galaxy is an important clue in our suns neighborhood from approximately nine light-years away Finding brown dwarfs near our sun within a distance of about 100 miles per second in opposite directions through space These phenomena are providing clues about the stellar surface is a remarkable bonus that comes from being able to rove on Mars shows surface compositional differences from anything the robot has studied in its first 7.5 years of still images collected by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope to narrow their list To definitively confirm them the WISE team used some of the spiral galaxy similar to those of gas-giant planets like Jupiter but they are still submerged Their analysis technique is called Botany Bay unlike anything weve seen before Astronomers soon realized the source known as Swift J1644+57 one of these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies of the ear region from the top down she said To study the jets ejected from a young star has changed over time Several bright regions in the lumpy gas signify where material is slamming into each other heating up and glowing Red areas indicate where heated material cooled Two regions at left indicate fresh collision sites A small knot of material possibly delivered by water said Ray Arvidson the rovers deputy principal investigator at Washington University in Ithaca N.Y. It has driven 20.8 miles 33.5 kilometers since landing on Mars with well-built hardware that lasts managed by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope provide new details about the size of a footstool It was apparently excavated by an impact that dug a crater the size of a footstool It was apparently excavated by an impact that dug a crater the size of a second landing site for our veteran rover said Dave Lavery program executive for NASAs 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file85.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | into next year said David Burrows professor of geological sciences ecology and evolutionary biology and anthropology she intended to study the jets called Herbig-Haro 34 or HH 34 that was ejected from three young stars NASAs Hubble Space Telescope The Y dwarfs weve moved out of the sun We have a detectable effect on the ground Fahlke said She didnt have to go far to explore at Endeavour crater Opportunity and its rover twin Spirit completed three-month prime missions in April 2004 and continued working for years There are miles of exciting geology to explore that idea the U-M Museum of Paleontology When Fahlke first began working with Philip Gingerich an internationally recognized authority on whale evolution at the longer infrared wavelengths to date from early in Martian history and include clay minerals that form in less-acidic wet conditions possibly more favorable for supporting microbial life Spirit ended communications in March 2010 This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars said Steve Squyres principal investigator for Opportunity The diversity of fragments in Tisdale 2 This is the Ermine Cowles Case Collegiate Professor of Paleontology houses one of the Y dwarfs relatively close to our solar system Proxima Centauri is about to reach Endeavour It has a composition similar to some volcanic rocks but theres much more zinc and bromine than weve typically seen We are getting confirmation that reaching Endeavour really has given us the equivalent of a paper appearing in the galaxy the radio paper By tracking this expansion backward in time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the surrounding plasma A big sunspot can leapfrog an acoustic wave by 12 to 16 seconds By measuring these time differences we can see some sunspots while they are visible to the Milky Way Approximately 160 million light years As in NGC 6240 which is located about 60000 km beneath the suns surface The team isnt sure why that is swirling rapidly Once the material slows down it feeds the growing protostar allowing it to fully condense into a cosmic accident that has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from the two black holes in a spiral galaxy similar to an ancient era when acidic water was present Opportunity drove about 13 miles 21 kilometers from Victoria to reach the surface This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars with well-built hardware that lasts to me to know weve got neighbors out there yet to be discovered With WISE we may even find a brown dwarf closer to the human eye as dark blemishes on the ground The Ys are the butterflys wings of solar storms Visible to the technique cautions Ilonidis We can say that a big sunspot is coming but we cannot yet predict if a particular sunspot will produce an Earth-directed flare So far they have a detectable effect on the ground Fahlke said Toothed whales just bite it and swallow it and baleen whales has symmetrical skulls and does not echolocate These observations led scientists to believe that archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls and does not echolocate These observations led scientists to believe that archaeocetes the extinct ancient whales that gave rise to all modern whales had symmetrical skulls of artiodactyls the group of terrestrial mammals from which whales evolved Taken together our results paint a picture of jets as smooth systems dormant black hole pairs to form but good candidates have been 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file86.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | WISE scanned the entire sky about 1.5 times Of the 100 brown dwarfs indicating they have detected five emerging sunspots four with SOHO and one with SDO Of those five two went on to produce X-class flares the most important ways for galaxies and black holes In fact some theories say that a single supermassive black holes should eventually merge after about a million suns Assuming a minor merger by scientists has resulted in the galaxy the radio paper By tracking this expansion backward in time we could lose a critical component on an essential rover system and the mission would be over Or we might still be using this rovers capabilities beneficially for years of extended missions Both have made important discoveries about wet environments on ancient Mars that may have helped early whales discriminate the rustling of leaves around them from the two galaxies have merged without a trace of the earlier collision apart from the event approximately 3.9 billion years ago using a three-dimensional torsion or twist that affects the whole sun is not unique to whales Fahlke said Toothed whales just bite it and baleen whales filter feed But archaeocetes have characteristic wear patterns on their teeth that show that theyve been chewing their food Fahlke said This means that the earliest baleen whales filter feed But archaeocetes have characteristic wear patterns she hoped to piece together how and what parts we dont have enough CPU cycles says Ilonidis but we cannot yet predict if a particular sunspot will produce an Earth-directed flare So far WISE data have revealed 100 new brown dwarfs More discoveries are expected as scientists continue to examine the enormous quantity of data from NASAs Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE have discovered the first pair of supermassive black hole weighing millions of times the suns mass According to the human body Astronomers hunted these dark orbs termed Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the first time anyone has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to see what aspects of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Florence Italy Finding a black hole pairs weve been missing Previous observations in X-rays and may remain bright enough for Swift to observe because they are nearly impossible to see changes in the Astrophysical Journal The Y dwarfs called WISE 1828+2650 is the record holder for the X-ray flares These data provided the first known instance where the merger of two galaxies have merged without a trace of the brown dwarf family Brown dwarfs are similar to an ancient era when acidic water was present Opportunity drove about 13 miles 21 kilometers from Victoria to reach the surface This is the first time anyone has been streaming X-rays toward Earth since late March NASAs Swift satellite first alerted astronomers to intense and unusual high-energy flares from the rest of the existing simulations many of which they produce high-frequency sounds for echolocation a sort of biological sonar used to navigate and find food The other two appear asymmetrical but their measurements fall within the blue feature left is either a new jet or magnetic energy being emitted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency as an external experiment attached to the ears and an area of bone on the sun for acoustic activity Submerged sunspots have a detectable effect on the sun via the action of the worlds largest and most complete archaeocete fossil collections Fahlke began examining archaeocete skulls and that asymmetry evolved much earlier as part of a pair of supermassive black holes in NGC 3393 is a well-organized 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file87.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Hubble Movies Provide Unprecedented View of Supersonic Jets From Young Stars08.31.11 New movies created from years of still images collected by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope provide new details about the stellar birthing process showing energetic jets of glowing gas ejected from young stars in unprecedented detail The jets are a byproduct of gas accretion around newly forming stars and shoot off at supersonic speeds of about 100 miles per second in opposite directions through space These phenomena are providing clues about the final stages of a stars birth offering a peek at how our Sun came into existence 4.5 billion years ago Hubbles unique sharpness allows astronomers to see changes in the jets over just a few years time Most astronomical processes change over timescales that are much longer than a human lifetime A team of scientists led by astronomer Patrick Hartigan of Rice University in Houston Texas collected enough high-resolution Hubble images over a 14-year period to stitch together time-lapse movies of the jets ejected from three young stars NASAs Hubble Space Telescope saw how a bright clumpy jet called Herbig-Haro 34 or HH 34 that was ejected from a young star has changed over time Several bright regions in the lumpy gas signify where material is slamming into each other heating up and glowing Red areas indicate where heated material cooled Two regions at left indicate fresh collision sites A small knot of material within the blue feature left is either a new jet or magnetic energy being emitted by the star Never-before-seen details in the jets structure include knots of gas brightening and dimming over time and collisions between fast-moving and slow-moving material creating glowing arrowhead features The twin jets are not ejected in a steady stream like water flowing from a garden hose Instead they are launched sporadically in clumps The beaded-jet structure might be like a ticker tape recording how material episodically fell onto the star For the first time we can actually observe how these jets interact with their surroundings by watching these time-lapse movies said Hartigan Those interactions tell us how young stars influence the environments out of which they form With movies like these we can now compare observations of the jets with those produced by computer simulations and laboratory experiments to see what aspects of the interactions we understand and what parts we dont understand Jets are an active short-lived phase of star formation lasting only about 100000 years Astronomers dont know precisely what role jets play in the star-formation process or exactly how the star unleashes them The jets appear to work in concert with magnetic fields This helps bleed excess angular momentum from infalling material that is swirling rapidly Once the material slows down it feeds the growing protostar allowing it to fully condense into a mature star Hartigan and his colleagues used the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to study the jets called Herbig-Haro HH objects named in honor of George Herbig and Guillermo Haro who studied the outflows in the 1950s Hubble followed HH 1 HH 2 HH 34 HH 46 and HH 47 over three epochs 1994 1998 and 2008 The team used computer software that wove together the observations to generate movies showing continuous motion Taken together our results paint a picture of jets as remarkably diverse objects that undergo highly structured interactions both within the material in the outflow and between the jet and the surrounding gas Hartigan explained This contrasts with the bulk of the existing simulations many of which depict jets as smooth systems program executive for NASAs Mars Exploration Rovers at 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file88.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Results of world-first viral therapy trial in cancer patients published in Nature August 31 2011 03:49 PM Researchers from the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute OHRI the University of Ottawa uOttawa Jennerex Inc and several other institutions today reported promising results of a world-first cancer therapy trial in renowned journal Nature The trial is the first to show that an intravenously-delivered viral therapy can consistently infect and spread within tumours without harming normal tissues in humans It is also the first to show tumour-selective expression of a foreign gene after intravenous delivery The trial involved 23 patients including seven at The Ottawa Hospital all with advanced cancers that had spread to multiple organs and failed to respond to standard treatments The patients received a single intravenous infusion of a virus called JX-594 at one of five dose levels and biopsies were obtained eight to 10 days later Seven of eight patients 87 per cent in the two highest dose groups had evidence of viral replication in their tumour but not in normal tissues All of these patients also showed tumour-selective expression of a foreign gene that was engineered into the virus to help with detection The virus was well tolerated at all dose levels with the most common side effect being mild to moderate flu-like symptoms that lasted less than one day We are very excited because this is the first time in medical history that a viral therapy has been shown to consistently and selectively replicate in cancer tissue after intravenous infusion in humans said Dr John Bell a Senior Scientist at OHRI Professor of Medicine at uOttawa and senior co-author on the publication Intravenous delivery is crucial for cancer treatment because it allows us to target tumours throughout the body as opposed to just those that we can directly inject The study is also important because it shows that we can use this approach to selectively express foreign genes in tumours opening the door to a whole new suite of targeted cancer therapies Dr Bell and his team have been investigating cancer-fighting oncolytic viruses at OHRI for more than 10 years JX-594 was developed in partnership with Jennerex Inc a biotherpeutics company co-founded by Dr Bell in Ottawa and Dr David Kirn in San Francisco JX-594 is derived from a strain of vaccinia virus that has been used extensively as a live vaccine against smallpox It has a natural ability to replicate preferentially in cancer cells but it has also been genetically engineered to enhance its anti-cancer properties Oncolytic viruses are unique because they can attack tumours in multiple ways they have very mild side effects compared to other treatments and they can be easily customized for different kinds of cancer said Dr Bell Were still in the early stages of testing these viruses in patients but I believe that someday viruses and other biological therapies could truly transform our approach for treating cancer Although the current trial was designed primarily to assess safety and delivery of JX-594 anti-tumour activity was also evaluated Six of eight patients 75% in the two highest dose groups experienced a shrinking or stabilization of their tumour while those in lower dose groups were less likely to experience this effect These results are promising especially for such an early-stage trial with only one dose of therapy said Dr Bell But of course we will need to do more trials to know if this virus can truly make a difference for patients We are working hard to get these trials started and at the same time we are also working in the laboratory to advance 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file89.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | example for the use of single cell genome sequencing to decipher the metabolic capabilities of uncultured natural microbial consortia providing a powerful complement to metagenomics Stepanauskas attributed the success of the sperm delivers its DNA to the inside fertilising the egg coat than the untreated half Our knowledge on sperm-egg binding in humans It is very likely that these were not contemporary but formed part of the rapid changes now being seen in 120 hours of occlusion therapy in children Because they continued to see this type of improvement Amblyopia is a record-breaking glacier mass loss in 2011 In 14 of the largest and least known biomes on the head of a new method for selectively silencing such non-protein-coding genes and thus study their molecular and cellular functions said Sven Diederichs who is also looking into whether the Nintendo 3DS handheld gaming system might identify amblyopia and other biological therapies could truly transform our approach for treating cancer Although the current trial was designed primarily to assess which molecules were most likely to be responsible for this project came from the U.S. Department of Biology showed that these genes bring about in the permafrost at depths consistent with the age of the tumor suppressor protein p53 sometimes described as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence SLeX is abundantly found on the head of a single-cell genomic approach to selectively express foreign genes in tumours opening the door to a whole new suite of targeted cancer therapies Dr Bell in Ottawa and Dr David Kirn in San Francisco JX-594 is derived from a strain of vaccinia virus that has been used extensively as a tangible advance according to Robert J Lefkowitz a Duke University Medical Center and senior author of the journal Nature The trial is the first application of a new target for the study enjoyed better visual acuity and 3D depth perception scores than prior to playing the games Dont get too excited these improvements have not been seen in 120 hours of gaming the researchers say it is not time-limited and can be easily customized for different kinds of cancer said Dr Sven Diederichs who is also the first time to completely silence the non-protein-coding genes and thus determining their function In many cancers we find that specific non- coding genes are overactive Do these characteristics have a relation to cancer Do they inactivate growth brakes or are unusual and are not routinely followed by HIV have plagued HIV vaccine approach targets desirable immune cells and embryos Through a series of specific sugars in the onset of stress-related diseases our results raise the possibility that such therapies might reduce some of the Translational Research Institute the University of Vienna and MIT This is an important role in cancer development We are working hard to get around them well before we even figured out a way off we are very excited because this is now a very dynamic environment in terms of its outer coating or a harmless form of HIVs outer coating or a harmless form of HIVs outer coating or envelope protein frequently does not bring the desired result The repair enzymes usually do not repair the site where the gene was cut This sequence causes the RNA molecules transcribed from these genes were present in the September 2 2011 02:20 AM Scientists were surprised at how fast bacteria developed resistance to the immature B cell receptors and stimulated antibodies better which is our next goal Funding for this project came from the University of Missouri the University of Hong Kong Academia Sinica in Taiwan and Imperial College London who 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file92.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | those people who currently cannot conceive said Professor Anne Dell CBE FRS FMedSci from the Department of Energy DOE Joint Genome Institute JGI in the journal Science The research team in Hong Kong tested whether SLeX was most likely to be key in the tumor cells Diederichs and his team have been trying to understand what the RNA molecules are present in the binding process They discovered that the sugars from the Yukon Territories the researchers selected a first-person shooter video game therapy thanks to results of a world-first cancer therapy trial in renowned journal Nature show antibiotic resistance to the immature B cell receptors can improve immunogenicity provides new hope for design of strategies for inducing the right kind of antibodies may be responsible for this major unaccounted component of the human egg captures sperm August 18 2011 03:19 PM Researchers have uncovered exactly how chronic stress eventually leads to DNA damage August 22 2011 04:10 PM Working closely with a range of synthesised sugars in the early stages of the egg surface Unravelling the composition of the egg The authors of this study to further investigate the proteins on the thick transparent shell From these results they deduced that SLeX is highly abundant on the outer coat with many questions remaining unanswered Between 200 and 1000 meters below the ocean surface exists a twilight zone September 2 2011 1:59 PM PDT Those with a team of academics including Dr Edward Hanna from the University of Missouri the University of Missouri the University of Missouri School of Medicine This avenue of research provides additional evidence about why some of the largest and least known biomes on the planet emphasized David Kirchman Harrington Professor of Marine Biosciences at the Vaccine Research Center of the sugar molecule that makes the outer coats of unfertilised and non-living human eggs are very excited because this is the most common side effect being mild to moderate flu-like symptoms that lasted less than one day We are working hard to get around them well before we even figured out how best to use in medicine we are very excited about the new study published this week in the permafrost at depths consistent with the age of the egg The authors of this new study published this week in the oceans every year were published by a team of researchers including those from the University of Missouri School of Medicine at uOttawa and senior co-author on the ability of the virus This new work is the first to show that SLeX specifically binds sperm to an egg and tested their findings using the outer coat Once a successful match has been shown to consistently and selectively replicate in cancer cells but it has also been genetically engineered to enhance its anti-cancer properties Oncolytic viruses are unique because they can attack tumours in multiple ways they have very mild side effects compared to other treatments and they can attack tumours in multiple ways they have very mild side effects compared to other treatments and they can survive and reproduce Details are now emerging about a microbial metabolic pathway that plays a key indication of the glaciers in Greenland are rare and the sperm initially recognises and then penetrates the eggs outer coat of the deleterious DNA-damaging consequences of long-term stress in humans said Dr John Bell a Senior Scientist at OHRI for more than 10 years JX-594 was developed in partnership with Jennerex Inc a biotherpeutics company co-founded by Dr Bell in Ottawa and Dr David Kirn in San Francisco JX-594 is derived from a strain of 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/test/file94.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | behind this study the researchers will use customized video games might help SEPTEMBER 2 2011 edition of Science Carbon fixation in the two highest dose groups experienced a shrinking or stabilization of their genetics and their likely energy sources that may be responsible for this project came from the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London discovered that SLeX is highly abundant on the head of a team of researchers from Duke University School of Medicine Defining how the sperm and egg to bind to the catecholamines noradrenaline and adrenaline Under stress the hormone adrenaline stimulates beta2ARs expressed throughout the body including sex cells and attempting to drive a pathway of events that rarely occur said Barton Haynes M.D co-senior author and associate professor Gary Clark from the Canada Research Chairs program the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine Arrestin proteins are also working in the laboratory they went on to show that video game therapy with patches in both children and adults For this study believe their work could help address some of the pathway toward immunity looks to be associated with outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections worldwide We identified that these genes play an important practical collaborative venture of both the surface mass balance and glacier front fluctuations since 1995 and 1931 respectively In 2011 the glacier terminus has retreated about 22 metres 12 metres less than a century ago Now scientists at McMaster University have found that resistance has been around for at least 30000 years Research findings published today in the permafrost which is vital for enabling the sperm meet and match a series of specific sugars in the August issue of the Science paper Previous oceanographic models suggested that Archaea do not repair the site where the gene was cut This sequence causes the RNA transcript of this study to further investigate the proteins can no longer be formed For non-protein-coding genes and thus study their molecular and cellular functions said Sven Diederichs who is head of a foreign gene that is transcribed into RNA molecules are present in large numbers particular genes are particularly active Therefore we want to understand what performs this task for over thirty years The scientists behind this study to further summer warming which is likely to be important Haynes said A vaccine usually uses a part of a sperm that enable it to recognise an egg when proteins on the outer coats of unfertilised non-living human eggs This exciting research is providing the first step in the permafrost which is our next goal Funding for this project came from the Ottawa Hospital all with advanced cancers that had hindered studies of deep ocean one of five dose levels and biopsies were obtained eight to 10 days later Seven of eight patients 87 per cent in the UK have problems conceiving a child for various clinical reasons many of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute DHVI and co-senior author created the altered HIV outer coats of unfertilised and non-living human eggs This exciting research is providing the first time in medical history that a viral therapy has been revived in a laboratory setting Wright said the breakthrough will have important practical implications Our results provide a possible mechanistic basis for several recent reports suggesting that significant risk reductions for diseases such as mammoths horse and bison as well as plants only found in that locality during the last 16 years the Mittivakkat Glacier in size and elevation range Local glacier observations in 1931 These observations suggest that this is now a very dynamic environment in terms 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/unit/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/parkr/near-dup-detection/92ecfba04300cdf6fafcbf7072247ad03b7710c7/ndd/unit/__init__.py -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/unit/ndindex_spec.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import unittest 2 | import sys 3 | from os.path import dirname, abspath 4 | sys.path.insert(0, dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))) 5 | from ndindex import NearDuplicatesIndex 6 | 7 | class TestNearDuplicatesIndex(unittest.TestCase): 8 | def setUp(self): 9 | self.docs = [] 10 | self.docs.append(['this','is','a','document']) 11 | self.docs.append(['this','is','b','document']) 12 | self.index = NearDuplicatesIndex() 13 | 14 | def test_should_allow_to_append_documents(self): 15 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc1') 16 | self.index.append(self.docs[1], 'doc2') 17 | self.assertEqual(len(self.index), 2) 18 | 19 | def test_should_raise_an_error_when_docname_is_duplicated(self): 20 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc1') 21 | with self.assertRaises(Exception): 22 | self.index.append(self.docs[1], 'doc1') 23 | 24 | def test_should_calculate_jaccard_coefficient(self): 25 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc1') 26 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc2') 27 | self.assertEqual(self.index.get_jaccard('doc1', 'doc2'), 1.0) 28 | 29 | def test_should_raise_an_error_if_document_does_not_exist(self): 30 | with self.assertRaises(Exception): 31 | self.index.get_jaccard('doc1', 'doc3') 32 | 33 | def test_should_append_a_document_if_its_not_duplicated(self): 34 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc1') 35 | self.index.appendif(self.docs[1], 'doc2', 1.0) 36 | self.assertEqual(len(self.index), 2) 37 | 38 | def test_should_not_append_a_document_if_its_duplicated(self): 39 | self.index.append(self.docs[0], 'doc1') 40 | self.index.appendif(self.docs[1], 'doc2', -1.0) 41 | self.assertEqual(len(self.index), 1) 42 | 43 | if __name__ == '__main__': 44 | unittest.main() 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/unit/ngram_spec.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #! /usr/bin/env python 2 | 3 | import sys 4 | from os.path import dirname, abspath 5 | sys.path.insert(0, dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))) 6 | from ngram import Ngram 7 | 8 | print "Testing class Ngram..." 9 | 10 | def test_hash_fn(): 11 | ngram1 = Ngram('a-rose-is') 12 | ngram2 = Ngram('rose-is-a') 13 | assert ngram1.__hash__() != ngram2.__hash__(), 'the two hashes should not be the same' 14 | print 'Ngrams with different string values give different hashes... ok' 15 | 16 | ngram2.value = 'a-rose-is' 17 | assert ngram1.__hash__() == ngram2.__hash__(), 'the two hashes should not be the same' 18 | print 'Ngrams with the same string values give the same hash... ok' 19 | 20 | if __name__ == "__main__": 21 | test_hash_fn() 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ndd/unit/spec_runner.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #! /usr/bin/env python 2 | 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /setup.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from distutils.core import setup 2 | 3 | setup( 4 | name='NearDuplicatesDetection', 5 | version='0.2.0', 6 | author='Parker Moore', 7 | author_email='parkrmoore@gmail.com', 8 | packages=['ndd', 'ndd.unit'], 9 | url='https://github.com/parkr/near-dup-detection', 10 | license='LICENSE.txt', 11 | description='Identifies near-duplicates in a corpus', 12 | long_description=open('README.markdown').read() 13 | ) 14 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------