├── bin ├── kernel └── boot │ └── grub │ ├── menu.lst │ └── stage2_eltorito ├── .gitignore ├── boot.sh ├── arch └── x86 │ ├── asm │ ├── tables.nasm │ ├── isr.nasm │ ├── boot.nasm │ └── monitor.nasm │ └── InitSetup.cpp ├── doc ├── links.txt └── gpl.txt ├── kernel ├── Kernel.cpp ├── CPPRTSupport.c └── Video.cpp ├── bochs.cfg ├── include └── phos │ ├── Video.hpp │ ├── Kernel.hpp │ ├── InitSetup.hpp │ └── multiboot.h ├── link.ld ├── Makefile ├── CMakeLists.txt └── README /bin/kernel: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/phaser/phOS/HEAD/bin/kernel -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *.o 2 | *.log 3 | *.iso 4 | *.img 5 | *.swp 6 | phOS.tags 7 | .vim_local 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bin/boot/grub/menu.lst: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | default 0 2 | timeout 30 3 | title My_Kernel 4 | kernel /kernel 5 | boot 6 | 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bin/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/phaser/phOS/HEAD/bin/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /boot.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | #MYKERN=newkern/kImage 4 | MYKERN=phOS.img 5 | 6 | rm -f grub.iso 7 | if [ -e "$MYKERN" ]; then 8 | echo "Copying kernel..." 9 | cp -v $MYKERN bin/kernel 10 | fi 11 | 12 | echo "Making image..." 13 | mkisofs -R -b boot/grub/stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o grub.iso bin 14 | 15 | echo $1 16 | if [ "$1" = "qemu" ]; then 17 | echo "Booting... in QEMU" 18 | qemu -s -cdrom grub.iso -boot d 19 | else 20 | echo "Booting... in Bochs" 21 | bochs -f bochs.cfg 22 | fi 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /arch/x86/asm/tables.nasm: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ; The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | ; 3 | ; phOS Operating System 4 | ; Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | 6 | [GLOBAL asm_init_gdt] 7 | [GLOBAL asm_init_idt] 8 | 9 | asm_init_gdt: 10 | mov eax, [esp+4] 11 | lgdt [eax] 12 | 13 | mov ax, 0x10 ; offset into gdt 16 14 | mov ds, ax 15 | mov es, ax 16 | mov fs, ax 17 | mov gs, ax 18 | mov ss, ax 19 | jmp 0x08:.flush ; make a far jump into the code segment to initialize cs 20 | .flush: 21 | ret 22 | 23 | asm_init_idt: 24 | mov eax, [esp+4] 25 | lidt [eax] 26 | ret 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /doc/links.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Boot related 2 | ------------ 3 | 4 | 1. Multiboot specification - http://www.uruk.org/orig-grub/boot-proposal.html 5 | 2. GRUB Tutorial - http://osdev.berlios.de/grub.html 6 | 7 | OS Theory 8 | --------- 9 | 10 | x86 specific 11 | ------------ 12 | 13 | 1. Intel Manuals - http://www.intel.com/support/processors/pentium4/sb/CS-029967.htm?wapkw=intel%20manuals 14 | 2. AMD Manuals - http://developer.amd.com 15 | 16 | Standards 17 | --------- 18 | 19 | 1. Itanium C++ ABI (Revision: 1.83) - http://refspecs.freestandards.org/cxxabi-1.83.html 20 | 2. Linux Foundation Referenced Specifications - http://refspecs.freestandards.org/ 21 | 22 | Other 23 | ----- 24 | 25 | 1. Google C++ Style Guide - http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kernel/Kernel.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | 11 | Video vid; 12 | KernelInit kinit; 13 | 14 | int main(void) 15 | { 16 | vid.printk("Hello, world! %d", 10); 17 | kinit.init_tables(); 18 | kinit.init_timer(100); 19 | while(1){} 20 | return 0xABCD0123; 21 | } 22 | 23 | extern "C" { 24 | void isr_handler(registers_t regs) 25 | { 26 | Video vid; 27 | vid.printk("received interrupt: %d\n", regs.int_no); 28 | if (regs.int_no >= 40) { 29 | outb(0xA0, 0x20); 30 | } 31 | 32 | outb(0x20, 0x20); 33 | 34 | kinit.CallIRQHandler(regs); 35 | } 36 | } 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bochs.cfg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | display_library: sdl 2 | romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest 3 | gdbstub: enabled=1, port=1234, text_base=0, data_base=0, bss_base=0 4 | megs: 32 5 | vgaromimage: file=/usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin 6 | ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14 7 | ata1: enabled=0, ioaddr1=0x170, ioaddr2=0x370, irq=15 8 | ata2: enabled=0, ioaddr1=0x1e8, ioaddr2=0x3e0, irq=11 9 | ata3: enabled=0, ioaddr1=0x168, ioaddr2=0x360, irq=9 10 | #ata0-master: type=disk, path="", mode=flat, cylinders=1024, heads=16, spt=63 11 | ata0-slave: type=cdrom, path="grub.iso", status=inserted 12 | 13 | boot: cdrom 14 | 15 | #ips: 1000000 16 | floppy_bootsig_check: disabled=0 17 | log: ./bochs.log 18 | panic: action=ask 19 | error: action=report 20 | info: action=report 21 | debug: action=ignore 22 | debugger_log: ./debug.log 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/phos/Video.hpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | #ifndef VIDEO_HPP_ 8 | #define VIDEO_HPP_ 9 | 10 | #include 11 | 12 | extern "C" { 13 | 14 | /* Extern functions implemented in monitor.s */ 15 | extern void putc (s8 c); 16 | extern void move (); 17 | extern void scroll (); 18 | extern void clrscr (); 19 | } 20 | 21 | class Video 22 | { 23 | public: 24 | Video (); 25 | ~Video (); 26 | void printk (s8* format, ...); 27 | 28 | private: 29 | unsigned short *videomem; 30 | unsigned int off; 31 | unsigned int pos; 32 | 33 | void write_dec (s32 c); 34 | void write (const s8* str); 35 | void write_hex (s32 c); 36 | }; 37 | 38 | #endif // VIDEO_HPP_ 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kernel/CPPRTSupport.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | void _main() 8 | { 9 | extern void (*__CTOR_LIST__)(); 10 | void (**constructor)() = &__CTOR_LIST__; 11 | int total = *(int *)constructor; 12 | 13 | constructor++; 14 | 15 | while (total) 16 | { 17 | (*constructor)(); 18 | total--; 19 | constructor++; 20 | } 21 | } 22 | 23 | void _atexit() 24 | { 25 | extern void (*__DTOR_LIST__)(); 26 | void (**deconstructor)() = &__DTOR_LIST__; 27 | int total = *(int *)deconstructor; 28 | deconstructor++; 29 | 30 | while (total) 31 | { 32 | (*deconstructor)(); 33 | total--; 34 | deconstructor++; 35 | } 36 | } 37 | 38 | int __cxa_atexit ( void (*f)(void *), void *p, void *d ) 39 | { 40 | (*f)((void*)0); 41 | } 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /link.ld: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Link.ld -- Linker script for the kernel - ensure everything goes in the */ 2 | /* Correct place. */ 3 | /* Original file taken from Bran's Kernel Development */ 4 | /* tutorials: http://www.osdever.net/bkerndev/index.php. */ 5 | 6 | ENTRY(start) 7 | SECTIONS 8 | { 9 | .text 0x100000 : 10 | { 11 | code = .; _code = .; __code = .; 12 | *(.text) 13 | . = ALIGN(4096); 14 | } 15 | 16 | .data : 17 | { 18 | __CTOR_LIST__ = .; LONG((__CTOR_END__ - __CTOR_LIST__) / 4 - 2) *(.ctors) LONG(0) __CTOR_END__ = .; 19 | __DTOR_LIST__ = .; LONG((__DTOR_END__ - __DTOR_LIST__) / 4 - 2) *(.dtors) LONG(0) __DTOR_END__ = .; 20 | data = .; _data = .; __data = .; 21 | *(.data) 22 | *(.rodata) 23 | . = ALIGN(4096); 24 | } 25 | 26 | .bss : 27 | { 28 | bss = .; _bss = .; __bss = .; 29 | *(.bss) 30 | . = ALIGN(4096); 31 | } 32 | 33 | end = .; _end = .; __end = .; 34 | } 35 | 36 | 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ASM_SOURCES=$(patsubst %.s, %.o, $(wildcard arch/x86/asm/*.s)) 2 | ARCH_CPP_SOURCES=$(patsubst %.cpp, %.o, $(wildcard arch/x86/*.cpp)) 3 | ARCH_C_SOURCES=$(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(wildcard arch/x86/*.c)) 4 | ARCH_SOURCES=$(ARCH_CPP_SOURCES) $(ARCH_C_SOURCES) 5 | 6 | KERNEL_SOURCES=$(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(wildcard kernel/*.c)) $(patsubst %.cpp, %.o, $(wildcard kernel/*.cpp)) 7 | 8 | SOURCES=$(ASM_SOURCES) $(ARCH_SOURCES) $(KERNEL_SOURCES) 9 | 10 | CXXFLAGS=-I./include -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-stack-protector 11 | CFLAGS=-I./include -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-exceptions -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-stack-protector 12 | 13 | LDFLAGS=-m elf_i386 -Tlink.ld 14 | NASM_FLAGS=-felf -g 15 | 16 | all: $(SOURCES) link 17 | 18 | link: 19 | ld $(LDFLAGS) -o phOS.img $(SOURCES) 20 | 21 | clean: 22 | rm -rvf $(SOURCES) 23 | 24 | .s.o: 25 | nasm $(NASM_FLAGS) $< 26 | 27 | qemu-start: 28 | @echo "Starting qemu" 29 | @./boot.sh qemu 30 | 31 | bochs-start: 32 | @echo "Starting bochs" 33 | @./boot.sh 34 | 35 | tags: 36 | @ctags -R -f phOS.tags . 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CMakeLists.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8) 2 | PROJECT (kernel) 3 | 4 | INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES (include) 5 | 6 | SET (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-m32 -ffreestanding -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-stack-protector") 7 | SET (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-m32 -ffreestanding -fno-exceptions -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-stack-protector") 8 | SET (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-m elf_i386 -T${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/link.ld") 9 | SET (CMAKE_ASM_NASM_OBJECT_FORMAT "elf") 10 | 11 | ENABLE_LANGUAGE (ASM_NASM) 12 | 13 | FILE (GLOB_RECURSE kernel_C_SOURCES "kernel/*.c") 14 | FILE (GLOB_RECURSE kernel_CPP_SOURCES "kernel/*.cpp") 15 | FILE (GLOB_RECURSE kernel_ASM_SOURCES "arch/x86/asm/*.nasm") 16 | FILE (GLOB_RECURSE kernel_ARCH_C_SOURCES "arch/x86/*.c") 17 | FILE (GLOB_RECURSE kernel_ARCH_CPP_SOURCES "arch/x86/*cpp") 18 | 19 | ADD_LIBRARY (kernel.img STATIC 20 | ${kernel_C_SOURCES} 21 | ${kernel_CPP_SOURCES} 22 | ${kernel_ARCH_C_SOURCES} 23 | ${kernel_ARCH_CPP_SOURCES} 24 | ${kernel_ASM_SOURCES}) 25 | 26 | ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND (TARGET kernel.img 27 | POST_BUILD 28 | COMMAND "/usr/bin/ld -m elf_i386 -T${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/link.ld -o phOS.img ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libkernel.img.a") 29 | 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/phos/Kernel.hpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | #ifndef _KERNEL_HPP_ 8 | #define _KERNEL_HPP_ 9 | 10 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 | // Defines 12 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 | #define va_list __builtin_va_list 14 | #define va_start(a, b) __builtin_va_start ((a), (b)) 15 | #define va_arg(a, b) __builtin_va_arg ((a), b) 16 | #define va_end(a) __builtin_va_end ((a)) 17 | #define strcpy(a, b) __builtin_strcpy ((a), (b)) 18 | //#define memset(a, b, c) __builtin_memset((a), (b), (c)) 19 | 20 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 | // Type definitions 22 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 | typedef unsigned long u64; 24 | typedef long s64; 25 | typedef unsigned int u32; 26 | typedef int s32; 27 | typedef unsigned short u16; 28 | typedef short s16; 29 | typedef unsigned char u8; 30 | typedef char s8; 31 | 32 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 | // Functions declaration 34 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 | extern "C" { 36 | extern void outb(u32 port, u32 value); 37 | } 38 | 39 | void printk (s8* str, ...); 40 | 41 | #endif // _KERNEL_HPP_ 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /arch/x86/asm/isr.nasm: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ; The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | ; 3 | ; phOS Operating System 4 | ; Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | 6 | [EXTERN isr_handler] 7 | 8 | %macro ISR_NOERRCODE 1 9 | [GLOBAL isr%1] 10 | isr%1 11 | cli 12 | push byte 0 13 | push byte %1 14 | jmp isr_common_stub 15 | %endmacro 16 | 17 | %macro ISR_ERRCODE 1 18 | [GLOBAL isr%1] 19 | isr%1 20 | cli 21 | push byte %1 22 | jmp isr_common_stub 23 | %endmacro 24 | 25 | isr_common_stub: 26 | pusha 27 | 28 | mov ax, ds 29 | push eax 30 | 31 | mov ax, 0x10 32 | mov ds, ax 33 | mov es, ax 34 | mov fs, ax 35 | mov gs, ax 36 | 37 | call isr_handler 38 | 39 | pop eax 40 | mov ds, ax 41 | mov es, ax 42 | mov fs, ax 43 | mov gs, ax 44 | 45 | popa 46 | add esp, 8 47 | sti 48 | iret 49 | 50 | 51 | ISR_NOERRCODE 0 52 | ISR_NOERRCODE 1 53 | ISR_NOERRCODE 2 54 | ISR_NOERRCODE 3 55 | ISR_NOERRCODE 4 56 | ISR_NOERRCODE 5 57 | ISR_NOERRCODE 6 58 | ISR_NOERRCODE 7 59 | ISR_ERRCODE 8 60 | ISR_NOERRCODE 9 61 | ISR_ERRCODE 10 62 | ISR_ERRCODE 11 63 | ISR_ERRCODE 12 64 | ISR_ERRCODE 13 65 | ISR_ERRCODE 14 66 | ISR_NOERRCODE 15 67 | ISR_NOERRCODE 16 68 | ISR_NOERRCODE 17 69 | ISR_NOERRCODE 18 70 | ISR_NOERRCODE 19 71 | ISR_NOERRCODE 20 72 | ISR_NOERRCODE 21 73 | ISR_NOERRCODE 22 74 | ISR_NOERRCODE 23 75 | ISR_NOERRCODE 24 76 | ISR_NOERRCODE 25 77 | ISR_NOERRCODE 26 78 | ISR_NOERRCODE 27 79 | ISR_NOERRCODE 28 80 | ISR_NOERRCODE 29 81 | ISR_NOERRCODE 30 82 | ISR_NOERRCODE 31 83 | 84 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | == Description == 2 | 3 | phOS is a little toy OS that I'm developing in order to learn about 4 | operating systems. 5 | 6 | == Prerequisites == 7 | 8 | The following tools are needed to compile and test the project. 9 | 10 | Compile 11 | - gcc 4.5.2 12 | - g++ 4.5.2 13 | - nasm 2.09.04 14 | - gnu make 3.81 15 | - gnu ld 2.21.0.20110327 16 | 17 | Test 18 | - genisoimage 2.01 (mkisofs) 19 | - qemu 0.14.0 20 | - bochs 2.3.7 21 | 22 | == Compiling == 23 | 24 | If you have all the tools in PATH a simple make should compile the project. 25 | 26 | == Testing == 27 | 28 | To run the kernel in qemu just type 'make qemu-start' or 'make bochs-start' 29 | for bochs. 30 | 31 | == Licensing == 32 | 33 | The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 34 | 35 | phOS Operating System 36 | Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 37 | 38 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 39 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 40 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 41 | (at your option) any later version. 42 | 43 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 44 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 45 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 46 | GNU General Public License for more details. 47 | 48 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 49 | along with this program. If not, see . 50 | 51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /arch/x86/asm/boot.nasm: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ; phOS kernel 2 | ; Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea (cbidea at acm dot org) 3 | ; 4 | ; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 5 | ; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 6 | ; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 7 | ; (at your option) any later version. 8 | ; 9 | ; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 10 | ; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 11 | ; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 12 | ; GNU General Public License for more details. 13 | ; 14 | ; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 15 | ; along with this program. If not, see . 16 | ; 17 | 18 | ; Definitions 19 | 20 | MAGIC equ 0x1BADB002 21 | FLAG_MEMINFO equ 1<<0 22 | FLAG_BOOT_DEV equ 1<<1 23 | 24 | MBOOT_FLAGS equ FLAG_MEMINFO | FLAG_BOOT_DEV 25 | MBOOT_CHECKSUM equ -(MAGIC + MBOOT_FLAGS) ; checksum + values must be 0 26 | 27 | [BITS 32] 28 | 29 | [EXTERN code] 30 | [EXTERN bss] 31 | [EXTERN end] 32 | [EXTERN main] 33 | [EXTERN _main] 34 | [EXTERN _atexit] 35 | 36 | multiboot: 37 | dd MAGIC 38 | dd MBOOT_FLAGS 39 | dd MBOOT_CHECKSUM 40 | dd multiboot 41 | dd code 42 | dd bss 43 | dd end 44 | dd start 45 | 46 | [GLOBAL start] 47 | [EXTERN main] 48 | 49 | start: 50 | push ebx ; pass the address of the multiboot structure 51 | 52 | cli ; disable interrupts 53 | call _main 54 | call main 55 | call _atexit 56 | jmp $ 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/phos/InitSetup.hpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | #ifndef _INIT_SETUP_HPP_ 8 | #define _INIT_SETUP_HPP_ 9 | 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | 13 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 | // Defines 15 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 | 17 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 | // Structs and type definitions 19 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 | struct segment_descriptor_struct 21 | { 22 | u16 limit; 23 | u16 basel; 24 | u8 basem; 25 | u8 type; 26 | u8 flags; 27 | u8 baseh; 28 | } __attribute__ ((packed)); 29 | 30 | struct gdt_ptr_struct 31 | { 32 | u16 limit; 33 | u32 base; 34 | } __attribute__ ((packed)); 35 | 36 | struct idt_descriptor_struct 37 | { 38 | u16 base_lo; 39 | u16 sel; 40 | u8 always0; 41 | u8 flags; 42 | u16 base_hi; 43 | } __attribute__ ((packed)); 44 | 45 | struct idt_ptr_struct 46 | { 47 | u16 limit; 48 | u32 base; 49 | } __attribute__ ((packed)); 50 | 51 | typedef struct registers { 52 | u32 ds; 53 | u32 edi, esi, ebp, esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax; 54 | u32 int_no, err_code; 55 | u32 eip, cs, eflags, useresp, ss; 56 | } registers_t; 57 | 58 | typedef struct segment_descriptor_struct segment_descriptor; 59 | typedef struct gdt_ptr_struct gdt_ptr; 60 | typedef struct idt_descriptor_struct idt_descriptor; 61 | typedef struct idt_ptr_struct idt_ptr; 62 | typedef void (*ISRHandlerCallback)(registers_t); 63 | 64 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 | // Class definitions 66 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 | class KernelInit 68 | { 69 | public: 70 | void init_tables(); 71 | void init_timer(u32 freq); 72 | void CallIRQHandler(registers_t regs); 73 | private: 74 | u32 tick; 75 | ISRHandlerCallback irqHandlers[256]; 76 | 77 | void init_gdt(); 78 | void init_idt(); 79 | void RegisterInterruptHandler(u8 n, ISRHandlerCallback handler); 80 | }; 81 | 82 | #endif // _INIT_SETUP_HPP_ 83 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kernel/Video.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | 3 | void* __dso_handle; 4 | 5 | /** 6 | * Constructor. 7 | */ 8 | Video::Video() 9 | { 10 | pos = 0; 11 | off = 0; 12 | videomem = (unsigned short*) 0xb8000; 13 | } 14 | 15 | /** 16 | * Destructor. 17 | */ 18 | Video::~Video() 19 | { 20 | } 21 | 22 | /** 23 | * printk is a function similar to printf. 24 | * 25 | * @param format - the format of the text being printed and also you can use 26 | * multiple switches: 27 | *
    28 | *
  • %d - output an int value 29 | *
  • %h - output an int value into hex format 30 | *
31 | */ 32 | void Video::printk (s8* format, ...) 33 | { 34 | va_list args; 35 | va_start (args, format); 36 | s8 *c = format; 37 | while (*c) { 38 | if (*c == '%') { 39 | *c = '\0'; ++c; 40 | write (format); 41 | switch (*c) { 42 | case ('d'): 43 | write_dec (va_arg(args, s32)); 44 | break; 45 | case ('h'): 46 | write_hex (va_arg(args, s32)); 47 | break; 48 | } 49 | 50 | format = ++c; 51 | } else 52 | ++c; 53 | } 54 | 55 | write (format); 56 | 57 | va_end (args); 58 | move(); 59 | } 60 | 61 | /** 62 | * Used to write an array of characters on the screen. 63 | * The scrolling of the screen is handled in the putc 64 | * assembly routine. 65 | */ 66 | void Video::write (const s8* str) 67 | { 68 | while (*str != '\0') 69 | { 70 | putc (*str); 71 | str++; 72 | } 73 | } 74 | 75 | /** 76 | * Write an integer on the screen. 77 | * TODO: Handle the sign. 78 | */ 79 | void Video::write_dec (s32 c) 80 | { 81 | u8 result[11]; 82 | s16 i = -1; 83 | 84 | while (c > 0) { 85 | result[++i] = c % 10; 86 | result[i] += 0x30; /* Make it an ascii character */ 87 | c /= 10; 88 | } 89 | 90 | /* writing the result on the screen in the correct order */ 91 | while (i >= 0) { 92 | putc (result[i--]); 93 | } 94 | } 95 | 96 | /** 97 | * Write an integer in hex format. 98 | */ 99 | void Video::write_hex (s32 c) 100 | { 101 | /* convert from base 10 to 16 */ 102 | if (c == 0) { 103 | write ("0x"); 104 | putc (0x30); 105 | return; 106 | } 107 | 108 | s8 result[11]; 109 | s16 i = -1; 110 | while (c > 0) { 111 | result [++i] = c % 16; 112 | result [i] += (result[i] < 10 ? 0x30 : 0x37); 113 | c /= 16; 114 | } 115 | 116 | write ("0x"); 117 | while (i >= 0) 118 | putc (result[i--]); 119 | } 120 | 121 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /arch/x86/asm/monitor.nasm: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ; The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | ; 3 | ; phOS Operating System 4 | ; Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | 6 | ; This file contains functions used for monitor output in text mode 7 | 8 | _cx dd 0 9 | _cy dd 0 10 | 11 | [BITS 32] ; 32 bits instructions 12 | 13 | [GLOBAL putc] 14 | [GLOBAL outb] 15 | [GLOBAL move] 16 | [GLOBAL scroll] 17 | [GLOBAL clrscr] 18 | 19 | ; void putc (int char) 20 | ; puts a character on the screen 21 | putc: 22 | push ebp 23 | mov ebp, esp 24 | xor ecx, ecx 25 | mov cl, [ebp+8] 26 | 27 | cmp cl, 0x8 ; if backspace 28 | jne .tab 29 | dec word [_cx] 30 | jmp .exit 31 | .tab: cmp cl, 0x9 ; if tab 32 | jne .cr 33 | mov eax, [_cx] 34 | add eax, 0x8 35 | and eax, eax 36 | mov [_cx], eax 37 | jmp .exit 38 | .cr: cmp cl, 0xD ; if carriage return 39 | jne .newline 40 | mov word [_cx], 0x0 41 | jmp .exit 42 | .newline: 43 | cmp cl, 0xA ; if new line 44 | jne .write 45 | mov word [_cx], 0x0 46 | inc word [_cy] 47 | jmp .exit 48 | 49 | .write: 50 | mov eax, [_cy] 51 | mov ebx, 0xA0 52 | mul ebx 53 | mov ebx, [_cx] 54 | shl ebx, 0x1 55 | add eax, ebx 56 | add eax, 0xB8000 57 | 58 | mov bl, cl 59 | mov bh, 0x0F 60 | mov [eax], bx 61 | 62 | inc word [_cx] 63 | 64 | .exit: 65 | cmp word [_cx], 0x50 66 | jl .rexit 67 | mov word [_cx], 0x0 68 | inc word [_cy] 69 | .rexit: 70 | call scroll ; if it's necessary scroll the screen 71 | mov esp, ebp 72 | pop ebp 73 | ret 74 | 75 | ; void scroll() 76 | ; scrolls the screen one line 77 | scroll: 78 | cmp word [_cy], 0x19 79 | jl .scrolle 80 | mov eax, 0xB8000 81 | .memcpy: 82 | mov ecx, 0x50 83 | lea esi, [eax+0xA0] ; source 84 | mov edi, eax ; destinaon 85 | rep movsw 86 | add eax, 0xA0 87 | cmp eax, 0xBB160 88 | jle .memcpy 89 | dec word [_cy] 90 | mov word [_cx], 0x0 91 | .scrolle: 92 | ret 93 | 94 | ; void move () 95 | ; it moves the cursor to _cx, _cy coordinates 96 | move: 97 | lea eax, [_cy] ; 98 | mov ebx, 0x50 ; _cy * 80 + _cx 99 | mul ebx ; 100 | add eax, [_cx] ; 101 | mov ebx, eax 102 | mov eax, 0x0F 103 | mov dx, 0x3D4 104 | out dx, al 105 | mov eax, ebx 106 | mov dx, 0x3D5 107 | out dx, al 108 | mov ebx, eax 109 | mov eax, 0x0E 110 | mov dx, 0x3D4 111 | out dx, al 112 | mov eax, ebx 113 | shr eax, 0x08 114 | mov dx, 0x3D5 115 | out dx, al 116 | ret 117 | 118 | ; void clrscr() 119 | ; clears the screen 120 | clrscr: 121 | mov ecx, 0x7D0 ; 80 * 25 122 | mov edi, 0xB8000 123 | mov ah, 0x0F 124 | mov al, 0x20 125 | rep stosw 126 | ret 127 | 128 | outb: 129 | push ebp 130 | mov ebp, esp 131 | mov ax, [ebp+8] 132 | mov dx, [ebp+12] 133 | out dx, ax 134 | mov esp, ebp 135 | pop ebp 136 | ret 137 | 138 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/phos/multiboot.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* multiboot.h - the header for Multiboot */ 2 | /* Copyright (C) 1999, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 3 | 4 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 5 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 6 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 7 | (at your option) any later version. 8 | 9 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 10 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 11 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 12 | GNU General Public License for more details. 13 | 14 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 15 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 16 | Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ 17 | 18 | /* Macros. */ 19 | 20 | /* The magic number for the Multiboot header. */ 21 | #define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC 0x1BADB002 22 | 23 | /* The flags for the Multiboot header. */ 24 | #ifdef __ELF__ 25 | # define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS 0x00000003 26 | #else 27 | # define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS 0x00010003 28 | #endif 29 | 30 | /* The magic number passed by a Multiboot-compliant boot loader. */ 31 | #define MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0x2BADB002 32 | 33 | /* The size of our stack (16KB). */ 34 | #define STACK_SIZE 0x4000 35 | 36 | /* C symbol format. HAVE_ASM_USCORE is defined by configure. */ 37 | #ifdef HAVE_ASM_USCORE 38 | # define EXT_C(sym) _ ## sym 39 | #else 40 | # define EXT_C(sym) sym 41 | #endif 42 | 43 | #ifndef ASM 44 | /* Do not include here in boot.S. */ 45 | 46 | /* Types. */ 47 | 48 | /* The Multiboot header. */ 49 | typedef struct multiboot_header { 50 | unsigned long magic; 51 | unsigned long flags; 52 | unsigned long checksum; 53 | unsigned long header_addr; 54 | unsigned long load_addr; 55 | unsigned long load_end_addr; 56 | unsigned long bss_end_addr; 57 | unsigned long entry_addr; 58 | } multiboot_header_t; 59 | 60 | /* The symbol table for a.out. */ 61 | typedef struct aout_symbol_table { 62 | unsigned long tabsize; 63 | unsigned long strsize; 64 | unsigned long addr; 65 | unsigned long reserved; 66 | } aout_symbol_table_t; 67 | 68 | /* The section header table for ELF. */ 69 | typedef struct elf_section_header_table { 70 | unsigned long num; 71 | unsigned long size; 72 | unsigned long addr; 73 | unsigned long shndx; 74 | } elf_section_header_table_t; 75 | 76 | /* The Multiboot information. */ 77 | typedef struct multiboot_info { 78 | unsigned long flags; 79 | unsigned long mem_lower; 80 | unsigned long mem_upper; 81 | unsigned long boot_device; 82 | unsigned long cmdline; 83 | unsigned long mods_count; 84 | unsigned long mods_addr; 85 | union { 86 | aout_symbol_table_t aout_sym; 87 | elf_section_header_table_t elf_sec; 88 | } u; 89 | unsigned long mmap_length; 90 | unsigned long mmap_addr; 91 | } multiboot_info_t; 92 | 93 | /* The module structure. */ 94 | typedef struct module { 95 | unsigned long mod_start; 96 | unsigned long mod_end; 97 | unsigned long string; 98 | unsigned long reserved; 99 | } module_t; 100 | 101 | /* The memory map. Be careful that the offset 0 is base_addr_low 102 | but no size. */ 103 | typedef struct memory_map { 104 | unsigned long size; 105 | unsigned long base_addr_low; 106 | unsigned long base_addr_high; 107 | unsigned long length_low; 108 | unsigned long length_high; 109 | unsigned long type; 110 | } memory_map_t; 111 | 112 | #endif /* ! ASM */ 113 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /arch/x86/InitSetup.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* The project is licensed under GNU GPL v3. See $(PROJECT_ROOT)/doc/gpl.txt for more details. 2 | * 3 | * phOS Operating System 4 | * Copyright (C) 2009 Cristian Bidea 5 | */ 6 | 7 | #include 8 | 9 | #define IRQ0 0 10 | #define IRQ1 1 11 | #define IRQ2 2 12 | #define IRQ3 3 13 | #define IRQ4 4 14 | #define IRQ5 5 15 | #define IRQ6 6 16 | #define IRQ7 7 17 | #define IRQ8 8 18 | #define IRQ9 9 19 | #define IRQ10 10 20 | #define IRQ11 11 21 | #define IRQ12 12 22 | #define IRQ13 13 23 | #define IRQ14 14 24 | #define IRQ15 15 25 | #define IRQ16 16 26 | #define IRQ17 17 27 | #define IRQ18 18 28 | #define IRQ19 19 29 | #define IRQ20 20 30 | #define IRQ21 21 31 | #define IRQ22 22 32 | #define IRQ23 23 33 | #define IRQ24 24 34 | #define IRQ25 25 35 | #define IRQ26 26 36 | #define IRQ27 27 37 | #define IRQ28 28 38 | #define IRQ29 29 39 | #define IRQ30 30 40 | #define IRQ31 31 41 | 42 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 | // Local vars 44 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 | 46 | segment_descriptor gdt[5]; 47 | gdt_ptr gdt_p; 48 | idt_descriptor idt[256]; 49 | idt_ptr idt_p; 50 | u32 tick; 51 | 52 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 | // Extern defines 54 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 | extern "C" { 56 | extern void asm_init_gdt (u32 ptr); 57 | extern void asm_init_idt (u32 ptr); 58 | extern void isr0 (); 59 | extern void isr1 (); 60 | extern void isr2 (); 61 | extern void isr3 (); 62 | extern void isr4 (); 63 | extern void isr5 (); 64 | extern void isr6 (); 65 | extern void isr7 (); 66 | extern void isr8 (); 67 | extern void isr9 (); 68 | extern void isr10 (); 69 | extern void isr11 (); 70 | extern void isr12 (); 71 | extern void isr13 (); 72 | extern void isr14 (); 73 | extern void isr15 (); 74 | extern void isr16 (); 75 | extern void isr17 (); 76 | extern void isr18 (); 77 | extern void isr19 (); 78 | extern void isr20 (); 79 | extern void isr21 (); 80 | extern void isr22 (); 81 | extern void isr23 (); 82 | extern void isr24 (); 83 | extern void isr25 (); 84 | extern void isr26 (); 85 | extern void isr27 (); 86 | extern void isr28 (); 87 | extern void isr29 (); 88 | extern void isr30 (); 89 | extern void isr31 (); 90 | } 91 | 92 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93 | // Forward function declarations 94 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 | static void idt_set_entry (s32 num, u32 base, u16 sel, u8 flags); 96 | static void gdt_set_entry (s32 num, u32 base, u32 limit, u8 access, u8 flags); 97 | 98 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 | // PUBLIC class functions implementation 100 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 | void KernelInit::init_tables() 102 | { 103 | init_gdt(); 104 | init_idt(); 105 | } 106 | 107 | void timer_callback(registers_t regs) 108 | { 109 | Video vout; 110 | tick++; 111 | vout.printk("Tick %d\n", tick); 112 | } 113 | 114 | void KernelInit::init_timer(u32 freq) 115 | { 116 | RegisterInterruptHandler(IRQ0, &timer_callback); 117 | 118 | u32 divisor = 1193180 / freq; 119 | 120 | outb(0x43, 0x36); 121 | 122 | u8 l = (u8) (divisor & 0xFF); 123 | u8 h = (u8) ((divisor >> 8) & 0xFF); 124 | 125 | outb(0x40, l); 126 | outb(0x40, h); 127 | } 128 | 129 | void KernelInit::CallIRQHandler(registers_t regs) 130 | { 131 | if (irqHandlers[regs.int_no] != 0) 132 | { 133 | ISRHandlerCallback handler = irqHandlers[regs.int_no]; 134 | handler(regs); 135 | } 136 | } 137 | 138 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 | // PRIVATE class functions implementation 140 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141 | void KernelInit::init_gdt() 142 | { 143 | gdt_set_entry(0, 0, 0, 0, 0); // Null segment 144 | gdt_set_entry(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF); // Code segment 145 | gdt_set_entry(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF); // Data segment 146 | gdt_set_entry(3, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xCF); // User mode code segment 147 | gdt_set_entry(4, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xCF); // User mode data segment 148 | 149 | // set the ptr 150 | gdt_p.limit = sizeof (segment_descriptor) * 5 - 1; 151 | gdt_p.base = (u32)&gdt; 152 | 153 | asm_init_gdt ((u32)&gdt_p); 154 | } 155 | 156 | void KernelInit::init_idt() 157 | { 158 | idt_p.limit = sizeof(idt_descriptor) * 256 - 1; 159 | idt_p.base = (u32)&idt; 160 | 161 | //__builtin_memset(&idt, 0, sizeof(idt_descriptor)*256); 162 | for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) 163 | { 164 | idt[i].always0 = 0; 165 | idt[i].base_lo = 0; 166 | idt[i].base_hi = 0; 167 | idt[i].sel = 0; 168 | idt[i].flags = 0; 169 | } 170 | 171 | idt_set_entry(IRQ0, (u32)isr0, 0x08, 0x8E); 172 | idt_set_entry(IRQ1, (u32)isr1, 0x08, 0x8E); 173 | idt_set_entry(IRQ2, (u32)isr2, 0x08, 0x8E); 174 | idt_set_entry(IRQ3, (u32)isr3, 0x08, 0x8E); 175 | idt_set_entry(IRQ4, (u32)isr4, 0x08, 0x8E); 176 | idt_set_entry(IRQ5, (u32)isr5, 0x08, 0x8E); 177 | idt_set_entry(IRQ6, (u32)isr6, 0x08, 0x8E); 178 | idt_set_entry(IRQ7, (u32)isr7, 0x08, 0x8E); 179 | idt_set_entry(IRQ8, (u32)isr8, 0x08, 0x8E); 180 | idt_set_entry(IRQ9, (u32)isr9, 0x08, 0x8E); 181 | idt_set_entry(IRQ10, (u32)isr10, 0x08, 0x8E); 182 | idt_set_entry(IRQ11, (u32)isr11, 0x08, 0x8E); 183 | idt_set_entry(IRQ12, (u32)isr12, 0x08, 0x8E); 184 | idt_set_entry(IRQ13, (u32)isr13, 0x08, 0x8E); 185 | idt_set_entry(IRQ14, (u32)isr14, 0x08, 0x8E); 186 | idt_set_entry(IRQ15, (u32)isr15, 0x08, 0x8E); 187 | idt_set_entry(IRQ16, (u32)isr16, 0x08, 0x8E); 188 | idt_set_entry(IRQ17, (u32)isr17, 0x08, 0x8E); 189 | idt_set_entry(IRQ18, (u32)isr18, 0x08, 0x8E); 190 | idt_set_entry(IRQ19, (u32)isr19, 0x08, 0x8E); 191 | idt_set_entry(IRQ20, (u32)isr20, 0x08, 0x8E); 192 | idt_set_entry(IRQ21, (u32)isr21, 0x08, 0x8E); 193 | idt_set_entry(IRQ22, (u32)isr22, 0x08, 0x8E); 194 | idt_set_entry(IRQ23, (u32)isr23, 0x08, 0x8E); 195 | idt_set_entry(IRQ24, (u32)isr24, 0x08, 0x8E); 196 | idt_set_entry(IRQ25, (u32)isr25, 0x08, 0x8E); 197 | idt_set_entry(IRQ26, (u32)isr26, 0x08, 0x8E); 198 | idt_set_entry(IRQ27, (u32)isr27, 0x08, 0x8E); 199 | idt_set_entry(IRQ28, (u32)isr28, 0x08, 0x8E); 200 | idt_set_entry(IRQ29, (u32)isr29, 0x08, 0x8E); 201 | idt_set_entry(IRQ30, (u32)isr30, 0x08, 0x8E); 202 | idt_set_entry(IRQ31, (u32)isr31, 0x08, 0x8E); 203 | 204 | asm_init_idt((u32)&idt_p); 205 | } 206 | 207 | void KernelInit::RegisterInterruptHandler(u8 n, ISRHandlerCallback handler) 208 | { 209 | irqHandlers[n] = handler; 210 | } 211 | 212 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213 | // Local functions implementation 214 | //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 215 | static void gdt_set_entry (s32 num, u32 base, u32 limit, u8 access, u8 flags) 216 | { 217 | gdt[num].limit = limit & 0xFFFF; 218 | gdt[num].basel = base & 0xFFFF; 219 | gdt[num].basem = (base >> 16) & 0xFF; 220 | gdt[num].baseh = (base >> 24) & 0xFF; 221 | 222 | gdt[num].type = access; 223 | gdt[num].flags = (limit >> 16) & 0xF; 224 | gdt[num].flags |= flags & 0xF0; 225 | } 226 | 227 | static void idt_set_entry (s32 num, u32 base, u16 sel, u8 flags) 228 | { 229 | idt[num].base_lo = base & 0xFFFF; 230 | idt[num].base_hi = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF; 231 | 232 | idt[num].sel = sel; 233 | idt[num].always0 = 0; 234 | idt[num].flags = flags; 235 | } 236 | 237 | 238 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /doc/gpl.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------