├── .gitignore ├── .nojekyll ├── 30-iot.md ├── LICENSE ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── build ├── author.html ├── head.html ├── metadata.xml ├── share.html ├── stats.html └── title.txt ├── chapters ├── 00-prelude.md ├── 01-basic.md ├── 1-0-arduino-basic.md ├── 1-1-arduino-hello-world.md ├── 1-2-arduino-sensor.md ├── 1-3-arduino-5110.md ├── 1-4-arduino-processing.md ├── 1-5-arduino-ble.md ├── 1-6-arduino-shield.md ├── 1-7-arduino-network.md ├── 2-0-esp8266-baisc.md ├── 2-1-esp8266-basic.md ├── 2-2-esp8266-arduino-ide.md ├── 2-3-esp8266-arduino-uno.md ├── 2-4-esp8266-sensor-to-server.md ├── 2-5-esp8266-mqtt.md ├── 2-6-esp8266-http-server.md ├── 2-7-beyond-esp8266.md ├── 3-0-rpi.md ├── 3-1-rpi-hello-world.md ├── 3-2-rpi-node-server-basic.md ├── 3-3-rpi-camera-server.md ├── 3-4-esp8266-server-connect.md ├── 3-5-arduino-ota.md ├── 3-6-rpi-mqtt-server.md ├── 3-7-rpi-iot-docker.md ├── 4-0-basic.md ├── 4-1-ha-setup.md ├── 4-2-ha-esp8266.md ├── 4-3-homekit-setup.md ├── 4-4-homekit-esp8266.md ├── 4-5-rpi-avs.md ├── 4-6-rpi-respeaker.md └── 4-7-rpi-ai-blockchain.md ├── css └── vendor.css ├── epub.css ├── images └── arduino │ ├── add-zip-library.png │ ├── arduino-5110-connection.png │ ├── arduino-button.jpg │ ├── arduino-ethernet.png │ ├── arduino-hs-sr04.png │ ├── arduino-install-package.png │ ├── arduino-nokia-5110.png │ ├── arduinos.jpg │ ├── download-zip.png │ ├── fritzing-button.png │ ├── fritzing-example.jpg │ ├── manage-library.png │ ├── serial-output-example.png │ └── shields.jpg ├── img ├── cover.jpg └── favicon.ico ├── index.html ├── init.sh ├── listings-setup.tex ├── style.css └── template └── template.tex /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *.rtf 2 | *.mobi 3 | *.pdf 4 | *.epub 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.nojekyll: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /30-iot.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 前言 3 | === 4 | 5 | 最近这些日子里，当我和女朋友搬到了新的合租屋里，有了更大的空间——可以再次折腾硬件。便开始去玩一些硬件家居相关的内容，也顺便接上了 Amazon Echo、小米传感器、Broadlink、ESP8266 等等的硬件。 6 | 7 | 再加上正在编写的『玩点什么』网站，便也想整理一下硬件相关的资料。想着想着，便有了这一系列的电子书。 8 | 9 | 这是一本写给软件工程师看的硬件指南。 10 | 11 | 关于作者 12 | --- 13 | 14 | 黄峰达（Phodal Huang）是一个创客、工程师、咨询师和作家。他毕业于西安文理学院电子信息工程专业，现作为一个咨询师就职于 ThoughtWorks 深圳。长期活跃于开源软件社区 GitHub，目前专注于物联网和前端领域。 15 | 16 | 作为一个开源软件作者，著有 Growth、Stepping、Lan、Echoesworks 等软件。其中开源学习应用 Growth，广受读者和用户好评，可在 APP Store 及各大 Android 应用商店下载。 17 | 18 | 作为一个技术作者，著有《自己动手设计物联网》（电子工业出版社）、《全栈应用开发：精益实践》（电子工业出版社，正在出版）。并在 GitHub 上开源有《Growth: 全栈增长工程师指南》、《GitHub 漫游指南》等七本电子书。 19 | 20 | 作为技术专家，他为英国 Packt 出版社审阅有物联网书籍《Learning IoT》、《Smart IoT》，前端书籍《Angular 2 Serices》、《Getting started with Angular》等技术书籍。 21 | 22 | 他热爱编程、写作、设计、旅行、hacking，你可以从他的个人网站：[https://www.phodal.com/](https://www.phodal.com/) 了解到更多的内容。 23 | 24 | 其它相关信息： 25 | 26 | - 微博：[http://weibo.com/phodal](http://weibo.com/phodal) 27 | - GitHub： [https://github.com/phodal](https://github.com/phodal) 28 | - 知乎：[https://www.zhihu.com/people/phodal](https://www.zhihu.com/people/phodal) 29 | - SegmentFault：[https://segmentfault.com/u/phodal](https://segmentfault.com/u/phodal) 30 | 31 | 当前为预览版，在使用的过程中遇到任何问题请及时与我联系。阅读过程中的问题，不妨在GitHub上提出来： [Issues](https://github.com/phodal/fe/issues) 32 | 33 | 阅读过程中遇到语法错误、拼写错误、技术错误等等，不妨来个Pull Request，这样可以帮助到其他阅读这本电子书的童鞋。 34 | 35 | 其他电子书： 36 | 37 | * 《[Phodal's Idea实战指南](https://github.com/phodal/ideabook)》 38 | * 《[一步步搭建物联网系统](https://github.com/phodal/designiot)》 39 | * 《[GitHub 漫游指南](https://github.com/phodal/github-roam)》 40 | * 《[RePractise](https://github.com/phodal/repractise)》 41 | * 《[Growth: 全栈增长工程师指南](https://github.com/phodal/growth-ebook)》 42 | * 《[Growth: 全栈增长工程师实战](https://github.com/phodal/growth-in-action)》 43 | * 《[我的职业是前端工程师](http://github.com/phodal/fe)》 44 | 45 | 基础篇 46 | === 47 | 48 | Arduino vs ESP8266 vs Raspberry Pi 49 | --- 50 | 51 | 在这一系列的文章里，我们使用三个主要的开发板： 52 | 53 | - Arduino。 54 | - ESP8266。 55 | - Raspberry Pi。 56 | 57 | 这三个硬件分别代表着，三种不同类型的硬件爱好者的开发板。 58 | 59 | ### Arduino 60 | 61 | > Arduino，是一个开放源代码的单片机微控制器，它使用了Atmel AVR单片机，采用了开放源代码的软硬件平台，建构于简易输出/输入（simple I/O）接口板，并且具有使用类似Java、C语言的Processing/Wiring开发环境。[^wiki_arduino] 62 | 63 | [^wiki_arduino]: 源自维基百科，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino 64 | 65 | 其包含了以下的特性[^wiki_arduino]: 66 | 67 | - 基于知识共享开放源代码的电路图设计。 68 | - 免费下载，也可依需求自己修改，但需遵照姓名标示。您必须按照作者或授权人所指定的方式，表彰其姓名。 69 | - 依相同方式分享，若您改变或转变著作，当散布该派生著作时，您需采用与本著作相同或类似的授权条款。 70 | - Arduino 可使用 ICSP 在线烧入器，将 Bootloader 烧入新的 IC 芯片。 71 | - 可依据 Arduino 官方网站，获取硬件的设计档，加以调整电路板及组件，以匹配自己实际设计的需求 72 | - 可简单地与感测器，各式各样的电子组件连接，如红外线、超音波、热敏电阻、光敏电阻、伺服马达…等。 73 | - 支持多样的交互程序，如Adobe Flash, Max/MSP, VVVV, Pure Data, C, Processing…等。 74 | - 使用低价格的微处理控制器（Atmel AVR）（ATMEGA 8,168,328等）。 75 | - USB接口，不需外接电源。另外有提供直流（DC）电源输入。 76 | 77 | 当然，其最大的特色是，**完善的社区及生态系统**。几乎我们能想到的 Arduino 78 | 相关的创意，都可以在网上找到。如果没有的话，那么可能是你的创意不适合用于 79 | Arduino。 80 | 81 | Arduino 82 | 已然有一系列的相关硬件，就目前而言，最广泛的开发板，或者说是标准开发板是 83 | Arduino UNO。 84 | 85 | TODO: 相关 Arduino 硬件介绍 86 | 87 | Arduino 88 | 最吸引人的是开创性的引入电子积木的概念，即开发板的扩展板可以直接叠加在开发板上使用，而无需额外的硬件。 89 | 90 | TODO: 扩展板介绍。 91 | 92 | Arduion IDE 基于 Processing 开发环境而开发的。 93 | 94 | 概念 95 | --- 96 | 97 | 引脚 98 | 99 | 模电 100 | 101 | 数电 102 | 103 | 电流、电阻、电压 104 | 105 | etc.. 106 | 107 | PCB 108 | --- 109 | 110 | 为了更好的向读者展示硬件连线，我们将使用 Fritzing 汇制硬件电路图。 111 | 112 | ### Fritzing 113 | 114 | > Fritzing 是一个开源的硬件计划（initiative），它可以使电子元件变成任何人的创意素材。Fritzing 提供一个软件工具、一个社区网站，以及本着 Processing 和 Arduino 精神的服务，培养创造性的生态系统，允许用户记录他们的原型，与他人分享、用于课堂上的电子相关教学，以及布局和制造专业的pcb。 115 | 116 | Fritzing 的官网是：[http://fritzing.org/](http://fritzing.org/)。 117 | 118 | 因此，在开始之前我们需要在 Fritzing 的官网下载 119 | Fritzing。当前它可以支持主流的操作系统：Windows、Linux、macOS，当然如果你想自己从源码编译一个 120 | Fritzing，那也是可以的。除了中文和英语外，它还支持其它 17 种语言。 121 | 122 | 在其官网，除了能下载到该软件，还可以看到其它用户上传、汇制的 123 | Fritzing 电路图等，它们可以免费下载，并引用到你的项目中。 124 | 125 | LCEDA 126 | 127 | 128 | 硬件 129 | --- 130 | 131 | Nokia 5110 132 | 133 | 温度、红外、距离、土壤 134 | 135 | 136 | MCU vs CPU 137 | --- 138 | 139 | Input -> MCU -> Output 140 | 141 | 142 | 通讯 143 | --- 144 | 145 | 蓝牙、有线、 146 | 147 | 专用协议，blabla 148 | 149 | 第一部分 Arduino 篇 150 | === 151 | 152 | - Arduino + LED + 按钮控制 153 | - Arduino 读取传感器 154 | - Arduion + LCD 5100 显示传感器 155 | - Arduino 蓝牙通讯 156 | - Arduino Processing 可视化数据 157 | - Arduino 上传数据 158 | - Arduino 的可能性：+ Fritzing / Arduino + Johnny-Five 159 | 160 | Arduino Hello, World 161 | === 162 | 163 | 幸运的是，今天对硬件编程已经有了更多的方式，可以使用更高级的语言。除了在 Arduion 上使用 Processing 语言（可以视为 C）进行编程，还可以使用 JavaScript 等语言。我们会在后面的介绍：如何使用这些高级的语言来编程。 164 | 165 | 开发板选择 166 | --- 167 | 168 | ![Arduino 开发板示例](./images/arduino/arduinos.jpg) 169 | 170 | ![扩展板](./images/arduino/shields.jpg) 171 | 172 | Arduino IDE 默认会安装相应环境的包，如果你的开发板不在这些环境里，如你使用的是 Arduino M0 开发板。那么，系统可能会检测出来，并自动为你安装相应的环境，如下图所示。 173 | 174 | ![Arduino IDE 安装 Arduino M0 环境](./images/arduino/arduino-install-package.png) 175 | 176 | ``注意``：安装过程中会下载一系列的工具，在这个过程里，可能会遇到一些“网络问题”。请尝试更换网络，或直到到“墙”的那外一边。 177 | 178 | 对于非官方的开发板来说，则需要开发者自己手动通过『开发板管理器』来安装，如 ESP8266 开发板。 179 | 180 | hello, world 181 | --- 182 | 183 | 与桌面端使用 print、puts、console.log 来输出 Hello, world 不同的是，点亮一个 LED 是 电子世界的 Hello, world。 184 | 185 | 在硬件世界里，没有 stdlib.h 这样的库，对于多数嵌入式系统来说，也没有屏幕。在这个时候，想要知道设备的状态，最简单的方式就是 LED。常见的，如路由器、电视等家电电器上的灯，都是嵌入式设备的状态。 186 | 187 | 188 | 官方的 Blink 示例如下： 189 | 190 | ```c 191 | void setup() { 192 | // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. 193 | pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); 194 | } 195 | 196 | // the loop function runs over and over again forever 197 | void loop() { 198 | digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) 199 | delay(1000); // wait for a second 200 | digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW 201 | delay(1000); // wait for a second 202 | } 203 | ``` 204 | 205 | 接下来，要做的事情就比较简单了。从工具（ Tools ）中选择对应的开发板和端口，如下图所示： 206 | 207 | ![Arduino 选择设备](./images/arduino/arduino-devices.png) 208 | 209 | 我这里使用设置是 ``Arduino M0 Pro``，对应的端口是：``/dev/tty.usbmodem1412``。 210 | 211 | 对于 Windows 用户来说，则是 COM 口——从设备管理器中找到对应的端口。 212 | 213 | 然后点击菜单中的 -> 号，即上传（Upload，又可以称为烧录）。 214 | 215 | ![Arduino 菜单](./images/arduino/arduino-menu.png) 216 | 217 | 再看看你的 Arduion，就发现上面的 LED 正在闪烁——一秒开一秒关。 218 | 219 | ### setup() 220 | 221 | 源码中的： 222 | 223 | ```c 224 | int main(void) 225 | { 226 | init(); 227 | setup(); 228 | for(;;) 229 | loop(); 230 | 231 | return 0; 232 | } 233 | ``` 234 | 235 | ### loop() 236 | 237 | 输入控制输出 238 | --- 239 | 240 | GOAL 241 | 242 | SMART 原则 243 | 244 | 仍然采用的是官方的示例： 245 | 246 | ![Arduino 控制 LED 示例](./images/arduino/fritzing-button.png) 247 | 248 | 官方示例（[Digital Read Serial](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial)）代码： 249 | 250 | ```c 251 | // digital pin 2 has a pushbutton attached to it. Give it a name: 252 | int pushButton = 2; 253 | 254 | // the setup routine runs once when you press reset: 255 | void setup() { 256 | // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second: 257 | Serial.begin(9600); 258 | // make the pushbutton's pin an input: 259 | pinMode(pushButton, INPUT); 260 | } 261 | 262 | // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: 263 | void loop() { 264 | // read the input pin: 265 | int buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton); 266 | // print out the state of the button: 267 | Serial.println(buttonState); 268 | delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability 269 | } 270 | ``` 271 | 272 | ### 电路图 273 | 274 | 使用 Fritzing 画板时 275 | 276 | ![](./images/arduino/fritzing-example.jpg) 277 | 278 | 我们所需要的连线图 279 | 280 | ![](./images/arduino/arduino-button.jpg) 281 | 282 | Arduino 传感器控制 283 | === 284 | 285 | 传感器入门 286 | --- 287 | 288 | > 传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物理条件（如光、热、湿度）或化学组成（如烟雾），并将探知的信息传递给其他装置或器官。“传感器”在新韦式大词典中定义为：“从一个系统接受功率，通常以另一种形式将功率送到第二个系统中的器件”。根据这个定义，传感器的作用是将一种能量转换成另一种能量形式，所以不少学者也用“换能器－Transducer”来称谓“传感器－Sensor”。[^wiki_sensor] 289 | 290 | [^wiki_sensor] : https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8 291 | 292 | ### 模拟元件与数字元件 293 | 294 | 超声波传感器 295 | --- 296 | 297 | 298 | ![Arduion 超声波传感器连线图](./images/arduino/arduino-hs-sr04.png) 299 | 300 | 使用到库：[NewPing]，GitHub 地址：[https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/NewPing](https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/NewPing) 301 | 302 | ![下载 Zip 格式](./images/arduino/download-zip.png) 303 | 304 | 添加库 305 | 306 | ![添加 NewPing 库](./images/arduinoadd-zip-library.png) 307 | 308 | 309 | ```c 310 | #include 311 | 312 | #define TRIGGER_PIN 12 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor. 313 | #define ECHO_PIN 11 // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor. 314 | #define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm. 315 | 316 | NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance. 317 | 318 | void setup() { 319 | Serial.begin(115200); // Open serial monitor at 115200 baud to see ping results. 320 | } 321 | 322 | void loop() { 323 | delay(50); // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings. 324 | Serial.print("Ping: "); 325 | Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range) 326 | Serial.println("cm"); 327 | } 328 | ``` 329 | 330 | ![输出示例](serial-output-example.png) 331 | 332 | 控制继电器 333 | --- 334 | 335 | Arduino 5110 显示 336 | === 337 | 338 | LCD 339 | --- 340 | 341 | 安装库 342 | --- 343 | 344 | 项目地址：[Adafruit PCD8544](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-PCD8544-Nokia-5110-LCD-library) 345 | 346 | ![添加库](./images/arduino/manage-library.png) 347 | 348 | ![Arduino IDE 安装 5110](./images/arduino/arduino-nokia-5110.png) 349 | 350 | 一般来说，在安装完库后，都会有对应的示例。但是，这里的示例，稍微有一些复杂。 351 | 352 | ```c 353 | #include 354 | 355 | #include 356 | #include 357 | #include 358 | 359 | // Pins 360 | const int8_t RST_PIN = D2; 361 | const int8_t CE_PIN = D1; 362 | const int8_t DC_PIN = D6; 363 | //const int8_t DIN_PIN = D7; // Uncomment for Software SPI 364 | //const int8_t CLK_PIN = D5; // Uncomment for Software SPI 365 | const int8_t BL_PIN = D0; 366 | 367 | 368 | // Software SPI with explicit CE pin. 369 | // Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(CLK_PIN, DIN_PIN, DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN); 370 | 371 | // Software SPI with CE tied to ground. Saves a pin but other pins can't be shared with other hardware. 372 | // Adafruit_PCD8544(int8_t CLK_PIN, int8_t DIN_PIN, int8_t DC_PIN, int8_t RST_PIN); 373 | 374 | // Hardware SPI based on hardware controlled SCK (SCLK) and MOSI (DIN) pins. CE is still controlled by any IO pin. 375 | // NOTE: MISO and SS will be set as an input and output respectively, so be careful sharing those pins! 376 | Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN); 377 | 378 | void setup() { 379 | Serial.begin(9600); 380 | Serial.println("\n\nWeMos D1 Mini + Nokia 5110 PCD8544 84x48 Monochrome LCD\nUsing Adafruit_PCD8544 and Adafruit_GFX libraries\n"); 381 | 382 | // Turn LCD backlight on 383 | pinMode(BL_PIN, OUTPUT); 384 | digitalWrite(BL_PIN, HIGH); 385 | 386 | display.begin(); 387 | display.setContrast(60); // Adjust for your display 388 | Serial.println("Show Adafruit logo bitmap"); 389 | 390 | // Show the Adafruit logo, which is preloaded into the buffer by their library 391 | // display.clearDisplay(); 392 | delay(2000); 393 | 394 | display.clearDisplay(); 395 | display.setTextSize(1); 396 | display.setTextColor(BLACK); 397 | display.setCursor(0,0); 398 | display.println("Hello, world!"); 399 | display.display(); 400 | } 401 | 402 | void loop() { 403 | } 404 | ``` 405 | 406 | 输出 hello, world 407 | --- 408 | 409 | Arduino Processing 410 | === 411 | 412 | 串口输出 413 | --- 414 | 415 | 416 | 复杂的例子：MPU 6050 417 | --- 418 | 419 | 420 | 421 | 422 | Arduino BLE 控制 423 | === 424 | 425 | 蓝牙串口 426 | --- 427 | 428 | Bluno 等自带蓝牙的开发板 429 | 430 | 431 | 与手机通讯 432 | --- 433 | 434 | React Native / Cordova ??? 435 | 436 | 437 | Arduino 扩展板使用 438 | === 439 | 440 | I don't know 441 | 442 | 继电器 443 | --- 444 | 445 | 网络 446 | --- 447 | 448 | ![Arduion 以太网扩展板](./images/arduino/arduino-ethernet.png) 449 | 450 | 451 | Arduino ESP8266 WiFi 452 | === 453 | 454 | ESP8266 设置 455 | --- 456 | 457 | 458 | Arduino WiFi 459 | --- 460 | 461 | 第二部分 ESP8266 462 | === 463 | 464 | - ESP8266 基础 + 连接 WiFi / NodeMCU 465 | - ESP8266 Arduino IDE ?? 466 | - ESP8266 上传 Arduino 数据 467 | - ？ ESP8266 读取传感器（ADC？）），并上传数据 468 | - ESP8266 MQTT 示例 469 | - ESP8266 作为 HTTP 服务器示例 470 | - 更多的可能性探索：Mongoose OS、Johnny-Five、智能家居 471 | 472 | ESP8266 基础 473 | === 474 | 475 | 设置与 AT 指令 476 | --- 477 | 478 | 479 | NodeMCU 480 | --- 481 | 482 | 483 | ESP8266 Arduino IDE 展示 484 | === 485 | 486 | ESP8266 连接 Arduino UNO 487 | === 488 | 489 | 490 | ESP8266 上传传感器数据 491 | === 492 | 493 | ### ADC 数据 494 | 495 | ### 发送请求 496 | 497 | ```c 498 | /** 499 | * BasicHTTPClient.ino 500 | * 501 | * Created on: 24.05.2015 502 | * 503 | */ 504 | 505 | #include 506 | 507 | #include 508 | #include 509 | 510 | #include 511 | 512 | #define USE_SERIAL Serial 513 | 514 | ESP8266WiFiMulti WiFiMulti; 515 | 516 | void setup() { 517 | 518 | USE_SERIAL.begin(115200); 519 | // USE_SERIAL.setDebugOutput(true); 520 | 521 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 522 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 523 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 524 | 525 | for(uint8_t t = 4; t > 0; t--) { 526 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[SETUP] WAIT %d...\n", t); 527 | USE_SERIAL.flush(); 528 | delay(1000); 529 | } 530 | 531 | WiFiMulti.addAP("SSID", "PASSWORD"); 532 | 533 | } 534 | 535 | void loop() { 536 | // wait for WiFi connection 537 | if((WiFiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED)) { 538 | 539 | HTTPClient http; 540 | 541 | USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] begin...\n"); 542 | // configure traged server and url 543 | //http.begin("https://192.168.1.12/test.html", "7a 9c f4 db 40 d3 62 5a 6e 21 bc 5c cc 66 c8 3e a1 45 59 38"); //HTTPS 544 | http.begin("http://192.168.1.12/test.html"); //HTTP 545 | 546 | USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] GET...\n"); 547 | // start connection and send HTTP header 548 | int httpCode = http.GET(); 549 | 550 | // httpCode will be negative on error 551 | if(httpCode > 0) { 552 | // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled 553 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode); 554 | 555 | // file found at server 556 | if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) { 557 | String payload = http.getString(); 558 | USE_SERIAL.println(payload); 559 | } 560 | } else { 561 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... failed, error: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str()); 562 | } 563 | 564 | http.end(); 565 | } 566 | 567 | delay(10000); 568 | } 569 | ``` 570 | 571 | ### 上传 572 | 573 | ESP8266 MQTT 控制 574 | === 575 | 576 | ### MQTT 577 | 578 | ### moquitto 579 | 580 | ### 581 | 582 | [https://github.com/tuanpmt/esp_mqtt](https://github.com/tuanpmt/esp_mqtt) 583 | 584 | 585 | ESP8266 HTTP 服务器 586 | === 587 | 588 | 589 | ### Simple HTTP Server 590 | 591 | 592 | ```c 593 | #include 594 | #include 595 | 596 | ESP8266WebServer server(80); 597 | 598 | void setup() { 599 | 600 | Serial.begin(115200); 601 | WiFi.begin("Network name", "Password"); //Connect to the WiFi network 602 | 603 | while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //Wait for connection 604 | delay(500); 605 | Serial.println("Waiting to connect…"); 606 | } 607 | 608 | Serial.print("IP address: "); 609 | Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //Print the local IP 610 | 611 | server.on(" / other", []() { //Define the handling function for the path 612 | 613 | server.send(200, "text / plain", "Other URL"); 614 | 615 | }); 616 | 617 | server.on(" / ", handleRootPath); //Associate the handler function to the path 618 | server.begin(); //Start the server 619 | Serial.println("Server listening"); 620 | } 621 | 622 | void loop() { 623 | server.handleClient(); 624 | } 625 | 626 | void handleRootPath() { 627 | server.send(200, "text/plain", "Hello world"); 628 | } 629 | ``` 630 | 631 | 632 | 超越 ESP8266 633 | === 634 | 635 | 第三部分 Raspberry Pi 636 | === 637 | 638 | - Hello, world! 639 | - Node.js 服务 - 开机启动，blabla 640 | - 连接 Arduino、自动编程？ OTA ？ 641 | - Raspberry Pi as PC Camera + Sensors ??? 642 | - Raspberry Pi <-> ESP8266 / Node.js Example 643 | - MQTT Server 644 | - IoT Server + Database? 645 | 646 | Raspberry Pi Hello, world! 647 | === 648 | 649 | ### 镜像烧录 650 | 651 | ### SSH 连接 652 | 653 | ### Python 控制 GPIO 654 | 655 | Node.js 服务基础 656 | === 657 | 658 | ### 安装 Node.js 659 | 660 | ### Express Hello, world 661 | 662 | ### 开机启动 663 | 664 | 摄像头 + 传感器 = 智能家居？ 665 | === 666 | 667 | 668 | ### 红外传感器 669 | 670 | ### 视频流 671 | 672 | ### 拍照，blabla 673 | 674 | 与 ESP8266 无线通讯 675 | === 676 | 677 | ### 建立服务 678 | 679 | ### 广播？ 680 | 681 | Arduino OTA 更新 682 | === 683 | 684 | ### 服务端读取代码 685 | 686 | ### arduino-cli 更新硬件 687 | 688 | 689 | 使用 MQTT 服务器 690 | === 691 | 692 | ### MQTT 客户端 693 | 694 | ### 使用 mosquittto 695 | 696 | 跟上潮流：Docker、硬件微服务 697 | === 698 | 699 | ### 使用 Docker 700 | 701 | ### 硬件微服务 702 | 703 | 704 | 705 | Home Assistant 搭建 706 | === 707 | 708 | Home Assistant 整合 709 | === 710 | 711 | Homekit 搭建 712 | === 713 | 714 | Homekit 整合 715 | === 716 | 717 | Raspberry Pi 与智能音箱 718 | === 719 | 720 | Raspberry Pi 自制智能音箱 721 | === 722 | 723 | 超越 Raspberry Pi 724 | === 725 | 726 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | License 2 | 3 | THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). 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For the avoidance of doubt, this trademark restriction does not form part of this License. 54 | 55 | Creative Commons may be contacted at https://creativecommons.org/. 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | include_dir=build 2 | source=chapters/*.md 3 | title='硬件开发指南' 4 | filename='30-iot' 5 | 6 | 7 | all: html epub rtf pdf mobi 8 | 9 | markdown: 10 | awk 'FNR==1{print ""}{print}' $(source) > $(filename).md 11 | 12 | html: markdown 13 | pandoc -s $(filename).md -t html5 -o index.html -c style.css \ 14 | --include-in-header $(include_dir)/head.html \ 15 | --include-before-body $(include_dir)/author.html \ 16 | --include-before-body $(include_dir)/share.html \ 17 | --include-after-body $(include_dir)/stats.html \ 18 | --title-prefix $(title) \ 19 | --normalize \ 20 | --smart \ 21 | --toc 22 | 23 | epub: markdown 24 | pandoc -s $(filename).md --normalize --smart -t epub -o $(filename).epub \ 25 | --epub-metadata $(include_dir)/metadata.xml \ 26 | --epub-stylesheet epub.css \ 27 | --epub-cover-image img/cover.jpg \ 28 | --title-prefix $(title) \ 29 | --normalize \ 30 | --smart \ 31 | --toc 32 | 33 | rtf: markdown 34 | pandoc -s $(filename).md -o $(filename).rtf \ 35 | --title-prefix $(title) \ 36 | --normalize \ 37 | --smart 38 | 39 | pdf: markdown 40 | # OS X: http://www.tug.org/mactex/ 41 | # Then find its path: find /usr/ -name "pdflatex" 42 | # Then symlink it: ln -s /path/to/pdflatex /usr/local/bin 43 | pandoc -s $(filename).md -o $(filename).pdf \ 44 | --title-prefix $(title) \ 45 | --listings -H listings-setup.tex \ 46 | --template=template/template.tex \ 47 | --normalize \ 48 | --smart \ 49 | --toc \ 50 | --latex-engine=`which xelatex` 51 | 52 | mobi: epub 53 | # Symlink bin: ln -s /path/to/kindlegen /usr/local/bin 54 | kindlegen $(filename).epub 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 写给软件工程师的硬件编程指南 2 | 3 | TODO 4 | 5 | - [ ] Node.js 微服务架构 6 | - [ ] 基于 React 的 Dashboard 设计：GPS 与地图应用？ 7 | - [ ] 基于 React Native 的 APP 8 | - [ ] 基于 JavaScript 的硬件 9 | 10 | Arduino 11 | --- 12 | 13 | - [ ] LED <-> Button 14 | - [ ] LCD 1602 <-> 温度 Sensor 15 | - [ ] NOKIA 5110 <-> 面包板 16 | - [ ] 电路设计 <-> Pritzing 17 | - [ ] Bluetooth 蓝牙 BLE 18 | - [ ] USB Host/键盘 19 | - [ ] Advanced: create library 20 | 21 | ESP8266 22 | --- 23 | 24 | - [ ] Lua Example 25 | - [ ] Arduino IDE 26 | - [ ] HTTP Example / Upload Sensor 27 | - [ ] HTTP Server 28 | - [ ] CoAP / MQTT 29 | - [ ] Arduion / ESP8266 30 | - [ ] ESP8266 Homekit Compile 31 | 32 | Raspberry Pi 33 | --- 34 | 35 | - [ ] RetroPie/Kodi 36 | - [ ] RPi GPIO 37 | - [ ] RPi <-> Camera / OpenWRT 38 | - [ ] RPi with Arduino 39 | - [ ] Node.js Server / ESP8266 <-> Express example 40 | - [ ] MQTT Server 41 | - [ ] IoT Server 42 | - [ ] AWS Server 43 | 44 | Advanced 45 | --- 46 | 47 | - [ ] Home Assistant <-> Boradlink Example 48 | - [ ] Home Assistant <-> ESP8266 Example 49 | - [ ] HomeKit <-> Miio Example 50 | - [ ] HomeKit <-> ESP8266 Emulator 51 | - [ ] RPi + ReSpeaker 52 | - [ ] RPi + AVS 53 | 54 | 55 | LICENSE 56 | --- 57 | 58 | [![Phodal's Book](http://brand.phodal.com/shields/book-small.svg)](https://www.phodal.com/) 59 | 60 | 61 | © 2017 [Phodal Huang](https://www.phodal.com). This code is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. See `LICENSE` in this directory. 62 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/author.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |

写给软件工程师看的硬件编程指南

2 |

By Phodal (Follow Me: 微博、知乎、SegmentFault) 3 |

4 | 5 |

我的其他电子书：

6 | 15 | 16 |

微信公众号

17 |

18 |

19 | 当前为预览版，在使用的过程中遇到任何遇到请及时与我联系。阅读过程中问题，不烦在GitHub上提出来： 20 | Issues 21 |

22 |

23 | 阅读过程中遇到语法错误、拼写错误、技术错误等等，不烦来个Pull Request，这样可以帮助到其他阅读这本电子书的童鞋。 24 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/head.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/metadata.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 30 物联网项目 2 | Phodal 3 | Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike 3.0 4 | zh-CN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/share.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |
2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/stats.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/phodal/make/6cddf97876acd73f9371e2b409d0f8b8c76e9036/build/stats.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /build/title.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | % 30 物联网项目 2 | % Phodal -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/00-prelude.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 前言 2 | === 3 | 4 | 最近这些日子里，当我和女朋友搬到了新的合租屋里，有了更大的空间——可以再次折腾硬件。便开始去玩一些硬件家居相关的内容，也顺便接上了 Amazon Echo、小米传感器、Broadlink、ESP8266 等等的硬件。 5 | 6 | 再加上正在编写的『玩点什么』网站，便也想整理一下硬件相关的资料。想着想着，便有了这一系列的电子书。 7 | 8 | 这是一本写给软件工程师看的硬件指南。 9 | 10 | 关于作者 11 | --- 12 | 13 | 黄峰达（Phodal Huang）是一个创客、工程师、咨询师和作家。他毕业于西安文理学院电子信息工程专业，现作为一个咨询师就职于 ThoughtWorks 深圳。长期活跃于开源软件社区 GitHub，目前专注于物联网和前端领域。 14 | 15 | 作为一个开源软件作者，著有 Growth、Stepping、Lan、Echoesworks 等软件。其中开源学习应用 Growth，广受读者和用户好评，可在 APP Store 及各大 Android 应用商店下载。 16 | 17 | 作为一个技术作者，著有《自己动手设计物联网》（电子工业出版社）、《全栈应用开发：精益实践》（电子工业出版社，正在出版）。并在 GitHub 上开源有《Growth: 全栈增长工程师指南》、《GitHub 漫游指南》等七本电子书。 18 | 19 | 作为技术专家，他为英国 Packt 出版社审阅有物联网书籍《Learning IoT》、《Smart IoT》，前端书籍《Angular 2 Serices》、《Getting started with Angular》等技术书籍。 20 | 21 | 他热爱编程、写作、设计、旅行、hacking，你可以从他的个人网站：[https://www.phodal.com/](https://www.phodal.com/) 了解到更多的内容。 22 | 23 | 其它相关信息： 24 | 25 | - 微博：[http://weibo.com/phodal](http://weibo.com/phodal) 26 | - GitHub： [https://github.com/phodal](https://github.com/phodal) 27 | - 知乎：[https://www.zhihu.com/people/phodal](https://www.zhihu.com/people/phodal) 28 | - SegmentFault：[https://segmentfault.com/u/phodal](https://segmentfault.com/u/phodal) 29 | 30 | 当前为预览版，在使用的过程中遇到任何问题请及时与我联系。阅读过程中的问题，不妨在GitHub上提出来： [Issues](https://github.com/phodal/fe/issues) 31 | 32 | 阅读过程中遇到语法错误、拼写错误、技术错误等等，不妨来个Pull Request，这样可以帮助到其他阅读这本电子书的童鞋。 33 | 34 | 其他电子书： 35 | 36 | * 《[Phodal's Idea实战指南](https://github.com/phodal/ideabook)》 37 | * 《[一步步搭建物联网系统](https://github.com/phodal/designiot)》 38 | * 《[GitHub 漫游指南](https://github.com/phodal/github-roam)》 39 | * 《[RePractise](https://github.com/phodal/repractise)》 40 | * 《[Growth: 全栈增长工程师指南](https://github.com/phodal/growth-ebook)》 41 | * 《[Growth: 全栈增长工程师实战](https://github.com/phodal/growth-in-action)》 42 | * 《[我的职业是前端工程师](http://github.com/phodal/fe)》 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/01-basic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 基础篇 2 | === 3 | 4 | Arduino vs ESP8266 vs Raspberry Pi 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 在这一系列的文章里，我们使用三个主要的开发板： 8 | 9 | - Arduino。 10 | - ESP8266。 11 | - Raspberry Pi。 12 | 13 | 这三个硬件分别代表着，三种不同类型的硬件爱好者的开发板。 14 | 15 | ### Arduino 16 | 17 | > Arduino，是一个开放源代码的单片机微控制器，它使用了Atmel AVR单片机，采用了开放源代码的软硬件平台，建构于简易输出/输入（simple I/O）接口板，并且具有使用类似Java、C语言的Processing/Wiring开发环境。[^wiki_arduino] 18 | 19 | [^wiki_arduino]: 源自维基百科，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino 20 | 21 | 其包含了以下的特性[^wiki_arduino]: 22 | 23 | - 基于知识共享开放源代码的电路图设计。 24 | - 免费下载，也可依需求自己修改，但需遵照姓名标示。您必须按照作者或授权人所指定的方式，表彰其姓名。 25 | - 依相同方式分享，若您改变或转变著作，当散布该派生著作时，您需采用与本著作相同或类似的授权条款。 26 | - Arduino 可使用 ICSP 在线烧入器，将 Bootloader 烧入新的 IC 芯片。 27 | - 可依据 Arduino 官方网站，获取硬件的设计档，加以调整电路板及组件，以匹配自己实际设计的需求 28 | - 可简单地与感测器，各式各样的电子组件连接，如红外线、超音波、热敏电阻、光敏电阻、伺服马达…等。 29 | - 支持多样的交互程序，如Adobe Flash, Max/MSP, VVVV, Pure Data, C, Processing…等。 30 | - 使用低价格的微处理控制器（Atmel AVR）（ATMEGA 8,168,328等）。 31 | - USB接口，不需外接电源。另外有提供直流（DC）电源输入。 32 | 33 | 当然，其最大的特色是，**完善的社区及生态系统**。几乎我们能想到的 Arduino 34 | 相关的创意，都可以在网上找到。如果没有的话，那么可能是你的创意不适合用于 35 | Arduino。 36 | 37 | Arduino 38 | 已然有一系列的相关硬件，就目前而言，最广泛的开发板，或者说是标准开发板是 39 | Arduino UNO。 40 | 41 | TODO: 相关 Arduino 硬件介绍 42 | 43 | Arduino 44 | 最吸引人的是开创性的引入电子积木的概念，即开发板的扩展板可以直接叠加在开发板上使用，而无需额外的硬件。 45 | 46 | TODO: 扩展板介绍。 47 | 48 | Arduion IDE 基于 Processing 开发环境而开发的。 49 | 50 | 概念 51 | --- 52 | 53 | 引脚 54 | 55 | 模电 56 | 57 | 数电 58 | 59 | 电流、电阻、电压 60 | 61 | etc.. 62 | 63 | PCB 64 | --- 65 | 66 | 为了更好的向读者展示硬件连线，我们将使用 Fritzing 汇制硬件电路图。 67 | 68 | ### Fritzing 69 | 70 | > Fritzing 是一个开源的硬件计划（initiative），它可以使电子元件变成任何人的创意素材。Fritzing 提供一个软件工具、一个社区网站，以及本着 Processing 和 Arduino 精神的服务，培养创造性的生态系统，允许用户记录他们的原型，与他人分享、用于课堂上的电子相关教学，以及布局和制造专业的pcb。 71 | 72 | Fritzing 的官网是：[http://fritzing.org/](http://fritzing.org/)。 73 | 74 | 因此，在开始之前我们需要在 Fritzing 的官网下载 75 | Fritzing。当前它可以支持主流的操作系统：Windows、Linux、macOS，当然如果你想自己从源码编译一个 76 | Fritzing，那也是可以的。除了中文和英语外，它还支持其它 17 种语言。 77 | 78 | 在其官网，除了能下载到该软件，还可以看到其它用户上传、汇制的 79 | Fritzing 电路图等，它们可以免费下载，并引用到你的项目中。 80 | 81 | LCEDA 82 | 83 | 84 | 硬件 85 | --- 86 | 87 | Nokia 5110 88 | 89 | 温度、红外、距离、土壤 90 | 91 | 92 | MCU vs CPU 93 | --- 94 | 95 | Input -> MCU -> Output 96 | 97 | 98 | 通讯 99 | --- 100 | 101 | 蓝牙、有线、 102 | 103 | 专用协议，blabla 104 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-0-arduino-basic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 第一部分 Arduino 篇 2 | === 3 | 4 | - Arduino + LED + 按钮控制 5 | - Arduino 读取传感器 6 | - Arduion + LCD 5100 显示传感器 7 | - Arduino 蓝牙通讯 8 | - Arduino Processing 可视化数据 9 | - Arduino 上传数据 10 | - Arduino 的可能性：+ Fritzing / Arduino + Johnny-Five 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-1-arduino-hello-world.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino Hello, World 2 | === 3 | 4 | 幸运的是，今天对硬件编程已经有了更多的方式，可以使用更高级的语言。除了在 Arduion 上使用 Processing 语言（可以视为 C）进行编程，还可以使用 JavaScript 等语言。我们会在后面的介绍：如何使用这些高级的语言来编程。 5 | 6 | 开发板选择 7 | --- 8 | 9 | ![Arduino 开发板示例](./images/arduino/arduinos.jpg) 10 | 11 | ![扩展板](./images/arduino/shields.jpg) 12 | 13 | Arduino IDE 默认会安装相应环境的包，如果你的开发板不在这些环境里，如你使用的是 Arduino M0 开发板。那么，系统可能会检测出来，并自动为你安装相应的环境，如下图所示。 14 | 15 | ![Arduino IDE 安装 Arduino M0 环境](./images/arduino/arduino-install-package.png) 16 | 17 | ``注意``：安装过程中会下载一系列的工具，在这个过程里，可能会遇到一些“网络问题”。请尝试更换网络，或直到到“墙”的那外一边。 18 | 19 | 对于非官方的开发板来说，则需要开发者自己手动通过『开发板管理器』来安装，如 ESP8266 开发板。 20 | 21 | hello, world 22 | --- 23 | 24 | 与桌面端使用 print、puts、console.log 来输出 Hello, world 不同的是，点亮一个 LED 是 电子世界的 Hello, world。 25 | 26 | 在硬件世界里，没有 stdlib.h 这样的库，对于多数嵌入式系统来说，也没有屏幕。在这个时候，想要知道设备的状态，最简单的方式就是 LED。常见的，如路由器、电视等家电电器上的灯，都是嵌入式设备的状态。 27 | 28 | 29 | 官方的 Blink 示例如下： 30 | 31 | ```c 32 | void setup() { 33 | // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. 34 | pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); 35 | } 36 | 37 | // the loop function runs over and over again forever 38 | void loop() { 39 | digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) 40 | delay(1000); // wait for a second 41 | digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW 42 | delay(1000); // wait for a second 43 | } 44 | ``` 45 | 46 | 接下来，要做的事情就比较简单了。从工具（ Tools ）中选择对应的开发板和端口，如下图所示： 47 | 48 | ![Arduino 选择设备](./images/arduino/arduino-devices.png) 49 | 50 | 我这里使用设置是 ``Arduino M0 Pro``，对应的端口是：``/dev/tty.usbmodem1412``。 51 | 52 | 对于 Windows 用户来说，则是 COM 口——从设备管理器中找到对应的端口。 53 | 54 | 然后点击菜单中的 -> 号，即上传（Upload，又可以称为烧录）。 55 | 56 | ![Arduino 菜单](./images/arduino/arduino-menu.png) 57 | 58 | 再看看你的 Arduion，就发现上面的 LED 正在闪烁——一秒开一秒关。 59 | 60 | ### setup() 61 | 62 | 源码中的： 63 | 64 | ```c 65 | int main(void) 66 | { 67 | init(); 68 | setup(); 69 | for(;;) 70 | loop(); 71 | 72 | return 0; 73 | } 74 | ``` 75 | 76 | ### loop() 77 | 78 | 输入控制输出 79 | --- 80 | 81 | GOAL 82 | 83 | SMART 原则 84 | 85 | 仍然采用的是官方的示例： 86 | 87 | ![Arduino 控制 LED 示例](./images/arduino/fritzing-button.png) 88 | 89 | 官方示例（[Digital Read Serial](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial)）代码： 90 | 91 | ```c 92 | // digital pin 2 has a pushbutton attached to it. Give it a name: 93 | int pushButton = 2; 94 | 95 | // the setup routine runs once when you press reset: 96 | void setup() { 97 | // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second: 98 | Serial.begin(9600); 99 | // make the pushbutton's pin an input: 100 | pinMode(pushButton, INPUT); 101 | } 102 | 103 | // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: 104 | void loop() { 105 | // read the input pin: 106 | int buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton); 107 | // print out the state of the button: 108 | Serial.println(buttonState); 109 | delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability 110 | } 111 | ``` 112 | 113 | ### 电路图 114 | 115 | 使用 Fritzing 画板时 116 | 117 | ![](./images/arduino/fritzing-example.jpg) 118 | 119 | 我们所需要的连线图 120 | 121 | ![](./images/arduino/arduino-button.jpg) 122 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-2-arduino-sensor.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino 传感器控制 2 | === 3 | 4 | 传感器入门 5 | --- 6 | 7 | > 传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物理条件（如光、热、湿度）或化学组成（如烟雾），并将探知的信息传递给其他装置或器官。“传感器”在新韦式大词典中定义为：“从一个系统接受功率，通常以另一种形式将功率送到第二个系统中的器件”。根据这个定义，传感器的作用是将一种能量转换成另一种能量形式，所以不少学者也用“换能器－Transducer”来称谓“传感器－Sensor”。[^wiki_sensor] 8 | 9 | [^wiki_sensor] : https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8 10 | 11 | ### 模拟元件与数字元件 12 | 13 | 超声波传感器 14 | --- 15 | 16 | 17 | ![Arduion 超声波传感器连线图](./images/arduino/arduino-hs-sr04.png) 18 | 19 | 使用到库：[NewPing]，GitHub 地址：[https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/NewPing](https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/NewPing) 20 | 21 | ![下载 Zip 格式](./images/arduino/download-zip.png) 22 | 23 | 添加库 24 | 25 | ![添加 NewPing 库](./images/arduinoadd-zip-library.png) 26 | 27 | 28 | ```c 29 | #include 30 | 31 | #define TRIGGER_PIN 12 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor. 32 | #define ECHO_PIN 11 // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor. 33 | #define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm. 34 | 35 | NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance. 36 | 37 | void setup() { 38 | Serial.begin(115200); // Open serial monitor at 115200 baud to see ping results. 39 | } 40 | 41 | void loop() { 42 | delay(50); // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings. 43 | Serial.print("Ping: "); 44 | Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range) 45 | Serial.println("cm"); 46 | } 47 | ``` 48 | 49 | ![输出示例](serial-output-example.png) 50 | 51 | 控制继电器 52 | --- 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-3-arduino-5110.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino 5110 显示 2 | === 3 | 4 | LCD 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 安装库 8 | --- 9 | 10 | 项目地址：[Adafruit PCD8544](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-PCD8544-Nokia-5110-LCD-library) 11 | 12 | ![添加库](./images/arduino/manage-library.png) 13 | 14 | ![Arduino IDE 安装 5110](./images/arduino/arduino-nokia-5110.png) 15 | 16 | 一般来说，在安装完库后，都会有对应的示例。但是，这里的示例，稍微有一些复杂。 17 | 18 | ```c 19 | #include 20 | 21 | #include 22 | #include 23 | #include 24 | 25 | // Pins 26 | const int8_t RST_PIN = D2; 27 | const int8_t CE_PIN = D1; 28 | const int8_t DC_PIN = D6; 29 | //const int8_t DIN_PIN = D7; // Uncomment for Software SPI 30 | //const int8_t CLK_PIN = D5; // Uncomment for Software SPI 31 | const int8_t BL_PIN = D0; 32 | 33 | 34 | // Software SPI with explicit CE pin. 35 | // Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(CLK_PIN, DIN_PIN, DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN); 36 | 37 | // Software SPI with CE tied to ground. Saves a pin but other pins can't be shared with other hardware. 38 | // Adafruit_PCD8544(int8_t CLK_PIN, int8_t DIN_PIN, int8_t DC_PIN, int8_t RST_PIN); 39 | 40 | // Hardware SPI based on hardware controlled SCK (SCLK) and MOSI (DIN) pins. CE is still controlled by any IO pin. 41 | // NOTE: MISO and SS will be set as an input and output respectively, so be careful sharing those pins! 42 | Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN); 43 | 44 | void setup() { 45 | Serial.begin(9600); 46 | Serial.println("\n\nWeMos D1 Mini + Nokia 5110 PCD8544 84x48 Monochrome LCD\nUsing Adafruit_PCD8544 and Adafruit_GFX libraries\n"); 47 | 48 | // Turn LCD backlight on 49 | pinMode(BL_PIN, OUTPUT); 50 | digitalWrite(BL_PIN, HIGH); 51 | 52 | display.begin(); 53 | display.setContrast(60); // Adjust for your display 54 | Serial.println("Show Adafruit logo bitmap"); 55 | 56 | // Show the Adafruit logo, which is preloaded into the buffer by their library 57 | // display.clearDisplay(); 58 | delay(2000); 59 | 60 | display.clearDisplay(); 61 | display.setTextSize(1); 62 | display.setTextColor(BLACK); 63 | display.setCursor(0,0); 64 | display.println("Hello, world!"); 65 | display.display(); 66 | } 67 | 68 | void loop() { 69 | } 70 | ``` 71 | 72 | 输出 hello, world 73 | --- 74 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-4-arduino-processing.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino Processing 2 | === 3 | 4 | 串口输出 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 8 | 复杂的例子：MPU 6050 9 | --- 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-5-arduino-ble.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino BLE 控制 2 | === 3 | 4 | 蓝牙串口 5 | --- 6 | 7 | Bluno 等自带蓝牙的开发板 8 | 9 | 10 | 与手机通讯 11 | --- 12 | 13 | React Native / Cordova ??? 14 | 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-6-arduino-shield.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino 扩展板使用 2 | === 3 | 4 | I don't know 5 | 6 | 继电器 7 | --- 8 | 9 | 网络 10 | --- 11 | 12 | ![Arduion 以太网扩展板](./images/arduino/arduino-ethernet.png) 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/1-7-arduino-network.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino ESP8266 WiFi 2 | === 3 | 4 | ESP8266 设置 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 8 | Arduino WiFi 9 | --- 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-0-esp8266-baisc.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 第二部分 ESP8266 2 | === 3 | 4 | - ESP8266 基础 + 连接 WiFi / NodeMCU 5 | - ESP8266 Arduino IDE ?? 6 | - ESP8266 上传 Arduino 数据 7 | - ？ ESP8266 读取传感器（ADC？）），并上传数据 8 | - ESP8266 MQTT 示例 9 | - ESP8266 作为 HTTP 服务器示例 10 | - 更多的可能性探索：Mongoose OS、Johnny-Five、智能家居 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-1-esp8266-basic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 基础 2 | === 3 | 4 | 设置与 AT 指令 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 8 | NodeMCU 9 | --- 10 | 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-2-esp8266-arduino-ide.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 Arduino IDE 展示 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-3-esp8266-arduino-uno.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 连接 Arduino UNO 2 | === 3 | 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-4-esp8266-sensor-to-server.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 上传传感器数据 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### ADC 数据 5 | 6 | ### 发送请求 7 | 8 | ```c 9 | /** 10 | * BasicHTTPClient.ino 11 | * 12 | * Created on: 24.05.2015 13 | * 14 | */ 15 | 16 | #include 17 | 18 | #include 19 | #include 20 | 21 | #include 22 | 23 | #define USE_SERIAL Serial 24 | 25 | ESP8266WiFiMulti WiFiMulti; 26 | 27 | void setup() { 28 | 29 | USE_SERIAL.begin(115200); 30 | // USE_SERIAL.setDebugOutput(true); 31 | 32 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 33 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 34 | USE_SERIAL.println(); 35 | 36 | for(uint8_t t = 4; t > 0; t--) { 37 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[SETUP] WAIT %d...\n", t); 38 | USE_SERIAL.flush(); 39 | delay(1000); 40 | } 41 | 42 | WiFiMulti.addAP("SSID", "PASSWORD"); 43 | 44 | } 45 | 46 | void loop() { 47 | // wait for WiFi connection 48 | if((WiFiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED)) { 49 | 50 | HTTPClient http; 51 | 52 | USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] begin...\n"); 53 | // configure traged server and url 54 | //http.begin("https://192.168.1.12/test.html", "7a 9c f4 db 40 d3 62 5a 6e 21 bc 5c cc 66 c8 3e a1 45 59 38"); //HTTPS 55 | http.begin("http://192.168.1.12/test.html"); //HTTP 56 | 57 | USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] GET...\n"); 58 | // start connection and send HTTP header 59 | int httpCode = http.GET(); 60 | 61 | // httpCode will be negative on error 62 | if(httpCode > 0) { 63 | // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled 64 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode); 65 | 66 | // file found at server 67 | if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) { 68 | String payload = http.getString(); 69 | USE_SERIAL.println(payload); 70 | } 71 | } else { 72 | USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... failed, error: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str()); 73 | } 74 | 75 | http.end(); 76 | } 77 | 78 | delay(10000); 79 | } 80 | ``` 81 | 82 | ### 上传 83 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-5-esp8266-mqtt.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 MQTT 控制 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### MQTT 5 | 6 | ### moquitto 7 | 8 | ### 9 | 10 | [https://github.com/tuanpmt/esp_mqtt](https://github.com/tuanpmt/esp_mqtt) 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-6-esp8266-http-server.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ESP8266 HTTP 服务器 2 | === 3 | 4 | 5 | ### Simple HTTP Server 6 | 7 | 8 | ```c 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | 12 | ESP8266WebServer server(80); 13 | 14 | void setup() { 15 | 16 | Serial.begin(115200); 17 | WiFi.begin("Network name", "Password"); //Connect to the WiFi network 18 | 19 | while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //Wait for connection 20 | delay(500); 21 | Serial.println("Waiting to connect…"); 22 | } 23 | 24 | Serial.print("IP address: "); 25 | Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //Print the local IP 26 | 27 | server.on(" / other", []() { //Define the handling function for the path 28 | 29 | server.send(200, "text / plain", "Other URL"); 30 | 31 | }); 32 | 33 | server.on(" / ", handleRootPath); //Associate the handler function to the path 34 | server.begin(); //Start the server 35 | Serial.println("Server listening"); 36 | } 37 | 38 | void loop() { 39 | server.handleClient(); 40 | } 41 | 42 | void handleRootPath() { 43 | server.send(200, "text/plain", "Hello world"); 44 | } 45 | ``` 46 | 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/2-7-beyond-esp8266.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 超越 ESP8266 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-0-rpi.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 第三部分 Raspberry Pi 2 | === 3 | 4 | - Hello, world! 5 | - Node.js 服务 - 开机启动，blabla 6 | - 连接 Arduino、自动编程？ OTA ？ 7 | - Raspberry Pi as PC Camera + Sensors ??? 8 | - Raspberry Pi <-> ESP8266 / Node.js Example 9 | - MQTT Server 10 | - IoT Server + Database? 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-1-rpi-hello-world.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Raspberry Pi Hello, world! 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### 镜像烧录 5 | 6 | ### SSH 连接 7 | 8 | ### Python 控制 GPIO -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-2-rpi-node-server-basic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Node.js 服务基础 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### 安装 Node.js 5 | 6 | ### Express Hello, world 7 | 8 | ### 开机启动 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-3-rpi-camera-server.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 摄像头 + 传感器 = 智能家居？ 2 | === 3 | 4 | 5 | ### 红外传感器 6 | 7 | ### 视频流 8 | 9 | ### 拍照，blabla -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-4-esp8266-server-connect.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 与 ESP8266 无线通讯 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### 建立服务 5 | 6 | ### 广播？ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-5-arduino-ota.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Arduino OTA 更新 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### 服务端读取代码 5 | 6 | ### arduino-cli 更新硬件 7 | 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-6-rpi-mqtt-server.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 使用 MQTT 服务器 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### MQTT 客户端 5 | 6 | ### 使用 mosquittto 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/3-7-rpi-iot-docker.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 跟上潮流：Docker、硬件微服务 2 | === 3 | 4 | ### 使用 Docker 5 | 6 | ### 硬件微服务 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-0-basic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/phodal/make/6cddf97876acd73f9371e2b409d0f8b8c76e9036/chapters/4-0-basic.md -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-1-ha-setup.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Home Assistant 搭建 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-2-ha-esp8266.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Home Assistant 整合 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-3-homekit-setup.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Homekit 搭建 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-4-homekit-esp8266.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Homekit 整合 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-5-rpi-avs.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Raspberry Pi 与智能音箱 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-6-rpi-respeaker.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Raspberry Pi 自制智能音箱 2 | === 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /chapters/4-7-rpi-ai-blockchain.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 超越 Raspberry Pi 2 | === 3 | 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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display: block 498 | } 499 | body { 500 | line-height: 1.5 501 | } 502 | table { 503 | border-collapse: separate; 504 | border-spacing: 0 505 | } 506 | caption, td, th { 507 | text-align: left; 508 | font-weight: 400 509 | } 510 | table, td, th { 511 | vertical-align: middle 512 | } 513 | blockquote:after, blockquote:before, q:after, q:before { 514 | content: "" 515 | } 516 | blockquote, q { 517 | quotes: "" "" 518 | } 519 | a img { 520 | border: 0 521 | } 522 | .search, body, input[type=submit], input[type=text] { 523 | font-family: Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif 524 | } 525 | html { 526 | font-size: 100.01% 527 | } 528 | h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { 529 | font-weight: 400; 530 | color: #000 531 | } 532 | h1 { 533 | font-size: 3em; 534 | line-height: 1; 535 | margin-bottom: .5em 536 | } 537 | h2 { 538 | font-size: 2em; 539 | margin-bottom: .75em 540 | } 541 | h3 { 542 | font-size: 1.5em; 543 | line-height: 1 544 | } 545 | h4 { 546 | font-size: 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/img/favicon.ico: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/phodal/make/6cddf97876acd73f9371e2b409d0f8b8c76e9036/img/favicon.ico -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /index.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 硬件开发指南 – 8 | 9 | 46 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 |

写给软件工程师看的硬件编程指南

54 |

By Phodal (Follow Me: 微博、知乎、SegmentFault) 55 |

56 | 57 |

我的其他电子书：

58 | 67 | 68 |

微信公众号

69 |

70 |

71 | 当前为预览版，在使用的过程中遇到任何遇到请及时与我联系。阅读过程中问题，不烦在GitHub上提出来： 72 | Issues 73 |

74 |

75 | 阅读过程中遇到语法错误、拼写错误、技术错误等等，不烦来个Pull Request，这样可以帮助到其他阅读这本电子书的童鞋。 76 |

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78 | 196 |

前言

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最近这些日子里，当我和女朋友搬到了新的合租屋里，有了更大的空间——可以再次折腾硬件。便开始去玩一些硬件家居相关的内容，也顺便接上了 Amazon Echo、小米传感器、Broadlink、ESP8266 等等的硬件。

198 |

再加上正在编写的『玩点什么』网站，便也想整理一下硬件相关的资料。想着想着，便有了这一系列的电子书。

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这是一本写给软件工程师看的硬件指南。

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关于作者

201 |

黄峰达（Phodal Huang）是一个创客、工程师、咨询师和作家。他毕业于西安文理学院电子信息工程专业，现作为一个咨询师就职于 ThoughtWorks 深圳。长期活跃于开源软件社区 GitHub，目前专注于物联网和前端领域。

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作为一个开源软件作者，著有 Growth、Stepping、Lan、Echoesworks 等软件。其中开源学习应用 Growth，广受读者和用户好评，可在 APP Store 及各大 Android 应用商店下载。

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作为一个技术作者，著有《自己动手设计物联网》（电子工业出版社）、《全栈应用开发：精益实践》（电子工业出版社，正在出版）。并在 GitHub 上开源有《Growth: 全栈增长工程师指南》、《GitHub 漫游指南》等七本电子书。

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作为技术专家，他为英国 Packt 出版社审阅有物联网书籍《Learning IoT》、《Smart IoT》，前端书籍《Angular 2 Serices》、《Getting started with Angular》等技术书籍。

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他热爱编程、写作、设计、旅行、hacking，你可以从他的个人网站：https://www.phodal.com/ 了解到更多的内容。

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其它相关信息：

207 | 213 |

当前为预览版，在使用的过程中遇到任何问题请及时与我联系。阅读过程中的问题，不妨在GitHub上提出来： Issues

214 |

阅读过程中遇到语法错误、拼写错误、技术错误等等，不妨来个Pull Request，这样可以帮助到其他阅读这本电子书的童鞋。

215 |

其他电子书：

216 | 225 |

基础篇

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Arduino vs ESP8266 vs Raspberry Pi

227 |

在这一系列的文章里，我们使用三个主要的开发板：

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    229 |
  • Arduino。
    • 230 |
  • ESP8266。
    • 231 |
  • Raspberry Pi。
    • 232 |
233 |

这三个硬件分别代表着，三种不同类型的硬件爱好者的开发板。

234 |

Arduino

235 |
236 |

Arduino，是一个开放源代码的单片机微控制器，它使用了Atmel AVR单片机，采用了开放源代码的软硬件平台，建构于简易输出/输入（simple I/O）接口板，并且具有使用类似Java、C语言的Processing/Wiring开发环境。1

237 |
238 |

其包含了以下的特性2:

239 |
    240 |
  • 基于知识共享开放源代码的电路图设计。
    • 241 |
  • 免费下载，也可依需求自己修改，但需遵照姓名标示。您必须按照作者或授权人所指定的方式，表彰其姓名。
    • 242 |
  • 依相同方式分享，若您改变或转变著作，当散布该派生著作时，您需采用与本著作相同或类似的授权条款。
    • 243 |
  • Arduino 可使用 ICSP 在线烧入器，将 Bootloader 烧入新的 IC 芯片。
    • 244 |
  • 可依据 Arduino 官方网站，获取硬件的设计档，加以调整电路板及组件，以匹配自己实际设计的需求
    • 245 |
  • 可简单地与感测器，各式各样的电子组件连接，如红外线、超音波、热敏电阻、光敏电阻、伺服马达…等。
    • 246 |
  • 支持多样的交互程序，如Adobe Flash, Max/MSP, VVVV, Pure Data, C, Processing…等。
    • 247 |
  • 使用低价格的微处理控制器（Atmel AVR）（ATMEGA 8,168,328等）。
    • 248 |
  • USB接口，不需外接电源。另外有提供直流（DC）电源输入。
    • 249 |
250 |

当然，其最大的特色是，完善的社区及生态系统。几乎我们能想到的 Arduino 相关的创意，都可以在网上找到。如果没有的话，那么可能是你的创意不适合用于 Arduino。

251 |

Arduino 已然有一系列的相关硬件，就目前而言，最广泛的开发板，或者说是标准开发板是 Arduino UNO。

252 |

TODO: 相关 Arduino 硬件介绍

253 |

Arduino 最吸引人的是开创性的引入电子积木的概念，即开发板的扩展板可以直接叠加在开发板上使用，而无需额外的硬件。

254 |

TODO: 扩展板介绍。

255 |

Arduion IDE 基于 Processing 开发环境而开发的。

256 |

概念

257 |

引脚

258 |

模电

259 |

数电

260 |

电流、电阻、电压

261 |

etc..

262 |

PCB

263 |

为了更好的向读者展示硬件连线，我们将使用 Fritzing 汇制硬件电路图。

264 |

Fritzing

265 |
266 |

Fritzing 是一个开源的硬件计划（initiative），它可以使电子元件变成任何人的创意素材。Fritzing 提供一个软件工具、一个社区网站，以及本着 Processing 和 Arduino 精神的服务，培养创造性的生态系统，允许用户记录他们的原型，与他人分享、用于课堂上的电子相关教学，以及布局和制造专业的pcb。

267 |
268 |

Fritzing 的官网是：http://fritzing.org/。

269 |

因此，在开始之前我们需要在 Fritzing 的官网下载 Fritzing。当前它可以支持主流的操作系统：Windows、Linux、macOS，当然如果你想自己从源码编译一个 Fritzing，那也是可以的。除了中文和英语外，它还支持其它 17 种语言。

270 |

在其官网，除了能下载到该软件，还可以看到其它用户上传、汇制的 Fritzing 电路图等，它们可以免费下载，并引用到你的项目中。

271 |

LCEDA

272 |

硬件

273 |

Nokia 5110

274 |

温度、红外、距离、土壤

275 |

MCU vs CPU

276 |

Input -> MCU -> Output

277 |

通讯

278 |

蓝牙、有线、

279 |

专用协议，blabla

280 |

第一部分 Arduino 篇

281 |
    282 |
  • Arduino + LED + 按钮控制
    • 283 |
  • Arduino 读取传感器
    • 284 |
  • Arduion + LCD 5100 显示传感器
    • 285 |
  • Arduino 蓝牙通讯
    • 286 |
  • Arduino Processing 可视化数据
    • 287 |
  • Arduino 上传数据
    • 288 |
  • Arduino 的可能性：+ Fritzing / Arduino + Johnny-Five
    • 289 |
290 |

Arduino Hello, World

291 |

幸运的是，今天对硬件编程已经有了更多的方式，可以使用更高级的语言。除了在 Arduion 上使用 Processing 语言（可以视为 C）进行编程，还可以使用 JavaScript 等语言。我们会在后面的介绍：如何使用这些高级的语言来编程。

292 |

开发板选择

293 |
294 | Arduino 开发板示例
Arduino 开发板示例
295 |
296 |
297 | 扩展板
扩展板
298 |
299 |

Arduino IDE 默认会安装相应环境的包，如果你的开发板不在这些环境里，如你使用的是 Arduino M0 开发板。那么，系统可能会检测出来，并自动为你安装相应的环境，如下图所示。

300 |
301 | Arduino IDE 安装 Arduino M0 环境
Arduino IDE 安装 Arduino M0 环境
302 |
303 |

注意：安装过程中会下载一系列的工具，在这个过程里，可能会遇到一些“网络问题”。请尝试更换网络，或直到到“墙”的那外一边。

304 |

对于非官方的开发板来说，则需要开发者自己手动通过『开发板管理器』来安装，如 ESP8266 开发板。

305 |

hello, world

306 |

与桌面端使用 print、puts、console.log 来输出 Hello, world 不同的是，点亮一个 LED 是 电子世界的 Hello, world。

307 |

在硬件世界里，没有 stdlib.h 这样的库，对于多数嵌入式系统来说，也没有屏幕。在这个时候，想要知道设备的状态，最简单的方式就是 LED。常见的，如路由器、电视等家电电器上的灯，都是嵌入式设备的状态。

308 |

官方的 Blink 示例如下：

309 | 
void setup() {
310 |   // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
311 |   pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
312 | }
313 | 
314 | // the loop function runs over and over again forever
315 | void loop() {
316 |   digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
317 |   delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
318 |   digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
319 |   delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
320 | }
321 |

接下来，要做的事情就比较简单了。从工具（ Tools ）中选择对应的开发板和端口，如下图所示：

322 |
323 | Arduino 选择设备
Arduino 选择设备
324 |
325 |

我这里使用设置是 Arduino M0 Pro，对应的端口是：/dev/tty.usbmodem1412。

326 |

对于 Windows 用户来说，则是 COM 口——从设备管理器中找到对应的端口。

327 |

然后点击菜单中的 -> 号，即上传（Upload，又可以称为烧录）。

328 |
329 | Arduino 菜单
Arduino 菜单
330 |
331 |

再看看你的 Arduion，就发现上面的 LED 正在闪烁——一秒开一秒关。

332 |

setup()

333 |

源码中的：

334 | 
int main(void)
335 | {
336 |     init();
337 |     setup();
338 |     for(;;)
339 |         loop();
340 | 
341 |     return 0;
342 | }
343 |

loop()

344 |

输入控制输出

345 |

GOAL

346 |

SMART 原则

347 |

仍然采用的是官方的示例：

348 |
349 | Arduino 控制 LED 示例
Arduino 控制 LED 示例
350 |
351 |

官方示例（Digital Read Serial）代码：

352 | 
// digital pin 2 has a pushbutton attached to it. Give it a name:
353 | int pushButton = 2;
354 | 
355 | // the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
356 | void setup() {
357 |   // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
358 |   Serial.begin(9600);
359 |   // make the pushbutton's pin an input:
360 |   pinMode(pushButton, INPUT);
361 | }
362 | 
363 | // the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
364 | void loop() {
365 |   // read the input pin:
366 |   int buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton);
367 |   // print out the state of the button:
368 |   Serial.println(buttonState);
369 |   delay(1);        // delay in between reads for stability
370 | }
371 |

电路图

372 |

使用 Fritzing 画板时

373 |
374 | 375 |
376 |

我们所需要的连线图

377 |
378 | 379 |
380 |

Arduino 传感器控制

381 |

传感器入门

382 |
383 |

传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物理条件（如光、热、湿度）或化学组成（如烟雾），并将探知的信息传递给其他装置或器官。“传感器”在新韦式大词典中定义为：“从一个系统接受功率，通常以另一种形式将功率送到第二个系统中的器件”。根据这个定义，传感器的作用是将一种能量转换成另一种能量形式，所以不少学者也用“换能器－Transducer”来称谓“传感器－Sensor”。[^wiki_sensor]

384 |
385 |

[^wiki_sensor] : https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8

386 |

模拟元件与数字元件

387 |

超声波传感器

388 |
389 | Arduion 超声波传感器连线图
Arduion 超声波传感器连线图
390 |
391 |

使用到库：[NewPing]，GitHub 地址：https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/NewPing

392 |
393 | 下载 Zip 格式
下载 Zip 格式
394 |
395 |

添加库

396 |
397 | 添加 NewPing 库
添加 NewPing 库
398 |
399 | 
#include <NewPing.h>
400 | 
401 | #define TRIGGER_PIN  12  // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
402 | #define ECHO_PIN     11  // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.
403 | #define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm.
404 | 
405 | NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.
406 | 
407 | void setup() {
408 |   Serial.begin(115200); // Open serial monitor at 115200 baud to see ping results.
409 | }
410 | 
411 | void loop() {
412 |   delay(50);                     // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings.
413 |   Serial.print("Ping: ");
414 |   Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm()); // Send ping, get distance in cm and print result (0 = outside set distance range)
415 |   Serial.println("cm");
416 | }
417 |
418 | 输出示例
输出示例
419 |
420 |

控制继电器

421 |

Arduino 5110 显示

422 |

LCD

423 |

安装库

424 |

项目地址：Adafruit PCD8544

425 |
426 | 添加库
添加库
427 |
428 |
429 | Arduino IDE 安装 5110
Arduino IDE 安装 5110
430 |
431 |

一般来说，在安装完库后，都会有对应的示例。但是，这里的示例，稍微有一些复杂。

432 | 
#include <Arduino.h>
433 | 
434 | #include <SPI.h>
435 | #include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
436 | #include <Adafruit_PCD8544.h>
437 | 
438 | // Pins
439 | const int8_t RST_PIN = D2;
440 | const int8_t CE_PIN = D1;
441 | const int8_t DC_PIN = D6;
442 | //const int8_t DIN_PIN = D7;  // Uncomment for Software SPI
443 | //const int8_t CLK_PIN = D5;  // Uncomment for Software SPI
444 | const int8_t BL_PIN = D0;
445 | 
446 | 
447 | // Software SPI with explicit CE pin.
448 | // Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(CLK_PIN, DIN_PIN, DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN);
449 | 
450 | // Software SPI with CE tied to ground. Saves a pin but other pins can't be shared with other hardware.
451 | // Adafruit_PCD8544(int8_t CLK_PIN, int8_t DIN_PIN, int8_t DC_PIN, int8_t RST_PIN);
452 | 
453 | // Hardware SPI based on hardware controlled SCK (SCLK) and MOSI (DIN) pins. CE is still controlled by any IO pin.
454 | // NOTE: MISO and SS will be set as an input and output respectively, so be careful sharing those pins!
455 | Adafruit_PCD8544 display = Adafruit_PCD8544(DC_PIN, CE_PIN, RST_PIN);
456 | 
457 | void setup() {
458 |   Serial.begin(9600);
459 |   Serial.println("\n\nWeMos D1 Mini + Nokia 5110 PCD8544 84x48 Monochrome LCD\nUsing Adafruit_PCD8544 and Adafruit_GFX libraries\n");
460 | 
461 |   // Turn LCD backlight on
462 |   pinMode(BL_PIN, OUTPUT);
463 |   digitalWrite(BL_PIN, HIGH);
464 | 
465 |   display.begin();
466 |   display.setContrast(60);  // Adjust for your display
467 |   Serial.println("Show Adafruit logo bitmap");
468 | 
469 |   // Show the Adafruit logo, which is preloaded into the buffer by their library
470 |   // display.clearDisplay();
471 |   delay(2000);
472 | 
473 |   display.clearDisplay();
474 |   display.setTextSize(1);
475 |   display.setTextColor(BLACK);
476 |   display.setCursor(0,0);
477 |   display.println("Hello, world!");
478 |   display.display();
479 | }
480 | 
481 | void loop() {
482 | }
483 |

输出 hello, world

484 |

Arduino Processing

485 |

串口输出

486 |

复杂的例子：MPU 6050

487 |

Arduino BLE 控制

488 |

蓝牙串口

489 |

Bluno 等自带蓝牙的开发板

490 |

与手机通讯

491 |

React Native / Cordova ???

492 |

Arduino 扩展板使用

493 |

I don’t know

494 |

继电器

495 |

网络

496 |
497 | Arduion 以太网扩展板
Arduion 以太网扩展板
498 |
499 |

Arduino ESP8266 WiFi

500 |

ESP8266 设置

501 |

Arduino WiFi

502 |

第二部分 ESP8266

503 |
    504 |
  • ESP8266 基础 + 连接 WiFi / NodeMCU
    • 505 |
  • ESP8266 Arduino IDE ??
    • 506 |
  • ESP8266 上传 Arduino 数据
    • 507 |
  • ？ ESP8266 读取传感器（ADC？）），并上传数据
    • 508 |
  • ESP8266 MQTT 示例
    • 509 |
  • ESP8266 作为 HTTP 服务器示例
    • 510 |
  • 更多的可能性探索：Mongoose OS、Johnny-Five、智能家居
    • 511 |
512 |

ESP8266 基础

513 |

设置与 AT 指令

514 |

NodeMCU

515 |

ESP8266 Arduino IDE 展示

516 |

ESP8266 连接 Arduino UNO

517 |

ESP8266 上传传感器数据

518 |

ADC 数据

519 |

发送请求

520 | 
/**
521 |  * BasicHTTPClient.ino
522 |  *
523 |  *  Created on: 24.05.2015
524 |  *
525 |  */
526 | 
527 | #include <Arduino.h>
528 | 
529 | #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
530 | #include <ESP8266WiFiMulti.h>
531 | 
532 | #include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
533 | 
534 | #define USE_SERIAL Serial
535 | 
536 | ESP8266WiFiMulti WiFiMulti;
537 | 
538 | void setup() {
539 | 
540 |     USE_SERIAL.begin(115200);
541 |    // USE_SERIAL.setDebugOutput(true);
542 | 
543 |     USE_SERIAL.println();
544 |     USE_SERIAL.println();
545 |     USE_SERIAL.println();
546 | 
547 |     for(uint8_t t = 4; t > 0; t--) {
548 |         USE_SERIAL.printf("[SETUP] WAIT %d...\n", t);
549 |         USE_SERIAL.flush();
550 |         delay(1000);
551 |     }
552 | 
553 |     WiFiMulti.addAP("SSID", "PASSWORD");
554 | 
555 | }
556 | 
557 | void loop() {
558 |     // wait for WiFi connection
559 |     if((WiFiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED)) {
560 | 
561 |         HTTPClient http;
562 | 
563 |         USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] begin...\n");
564 |         // configure traged server and url
565 |         //http.begin("https://192.168.1.12/test.html", "7a 9c f4 db 40 d3 62 5a 6e 21 bc 5c cc 66 c8 3e a1 45 59 38"); //HTTPS
566 |         http.begin("http://192.168.1.12/test.html"); //HTTP
567 | 
568 |         USE_SERIAL.print("[HTTP] GET...\n");
569 |         // start connection and send HTTP header
570 |         int httpCode = http.GET();
571 | 
572 |         // httpCode will be negative on error
573 |         if(httpCode > 0) {
574 |             // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled
575 |             USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);
576 | 
577 |             // file found at server
578 |             if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
579 |                 String payload = http.getString();
580 |                 USE_SERIAL.println(payload);
581 |             }
582 |         } else {
583 |             USE_SERIAL.printf("[HTTP] GET... failed, error: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());
584 |         }
585 | 
586 |         http.end();
587 |     }
588 | 
589 |     delay(10000);
590 | }
591 |

上传

592 |

ESP8266 MQTT 控制

593 |

MQTT

594 |

moquitto

595 |

596 |

https://github.com/tuanpmt/esp_mqtt

597 |

ESP8266 HTTP 服务器

598 |

Simple HTTP Server

599 | 
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
600 | #include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
601 |  
602 | ESP8266WebServer server(80);
603 |  
604 | void setup() {
605 |  
606 |   Serial.begin(115200);
607 |   WiFi.begin("Network name", "Password");  //Connect to the WiFi network
608 |  
609 |   while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {  //Wait for connection
610 |     delay(500);
611 |     Serial.println("Waiting to connect…");
612 |   }
613 |  
614 |   Serial.print("IP address: ");
615 |   Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  //Print the local IP
616 |  
617 |   server.on(" / other", []() {   //Define the handling function for the path
618 |  
619 |     server.send(200, "text / plain", "Other URL");
620 |  
621 |   });
622 |  
623 |   server.on(" / ", handleRootPath);    //Associate the handler function to the path
624 |   server.begin();                                       //Start the server
625 |   Serial.println("Server listening");
626 | }
627 |  
628 | void loop() {
629 |   server.handleClient();
630 | }
631 |  
632 | void handleRootPath() {
633 |   server.send(200, "text/plain", "Hello world"); 
634 | }
635 |

超越 ESP8266

636 |

第三部分 Raspberry Pi

637 |
    638 |
  • Hello, world!
    • 639 |
  • Node.js 服务 - 开机启动，blabla
    • 640 |
  • 连接 Arduino、自动编程？ OTA ？
    • 641 |
  • Raspberry Pi as PC Camera + Sensors ???
    • 642 |
  • Raspberry Pi <-> ESP8266 / Node.js Example
    • 643 |
  • MQTT Server
    • 644 |
  • IoT Server + Database?
    • 645 |
646 |

Raspberry Pi Hello, world!

647 |

镜像烧录

648 |

SSH 连接

649 |

Python 控制 GPIO

650 |

Node.js 服务基础

651 |

安装 Node.js

652 |

Express Hello, world

653 |

开机启动

654 |

摄像头 + 传感器 = 智能家居？

655 |

红外传感器

656 |

视频流

657 |

拍照，blabla

658 |

与 ESP8266 无线通讯

659 |

建立服务

660 |

广播？

661 |

Arduino OTA 更新

662 |

服务端读取代码

663 |

arduino-cli 更新硬件

664 |

使用 MQTT 服务器

665 |

MQTT 客户端

666 |

使用 mosquittto

667 |

跟上潮流：Docker、硬件微服务

668 |

使用 Docker

669 |

硬件微服务

670 |

Home Assistant 搭建

671 |

Home Assistant 整合

672 |

Homekit 搭建

673 |

Homekit 整合

674 |

Raspberry Pi 与智能音箱

675 |

Raspberry Pi 自制智能音箱

676 |

超越 Raspberry Pi

677 |
678 |
679 |
    680 |

  1. 源自维基百科，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino↩

    2. 681 |

  2. 源自维基百科，https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino↩

    3. 682 |
683 |
684 | 685 | 686 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /init.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | 3 | read -p "名书：" bookname 4 | read -p "作者：" author 5 | 6 | sed -i "s/Phodal Huang/$author/g" "build/author.html" "build/metadata.xml" "build/title.txt" "Makefile" 7 | sed -i "s/电子书模板/$bookname/g" "build/author.html" "build/metadata.xml" "build/title.txt" "Makefile" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /listings-setup.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | % Contents of listings-setup.tex 2 | \usepackage{xcolor} 3 | 4 | \lstset{ 5 | basicstyle=\ttfamily, 6 | numbers=left, 7 | keywordstyle=\color[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}\bfseries, 8 | stringstyle=\color[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}, 9 | commentstyle=\color[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}\itshape, 10 | numberstyle=\footnotesize, 11 | stepnumber=1, 12 | numbersep=5pt, 13 | backgroundcolor=\color[RGB]{248,248,248}, 14 | showspaces=false, 15 | showstringspaces=false, 16 | showtabs=false, 17 | tabsize=2, 18 | captionpos=b, 19 | breaklines=true, 20 | breakatwhitespace=true, 21 | breakautoindent=true, 22 | escapeinside={\%*}{*)}, 23 | linewidth=\textwidth, 24 | basewidth=0.5em, 25 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /style.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | h1, 2 | h2, 3 | h3, 4 | h4, 5 | h5, 6 | h6, 7 | p, 8 | blockquote { 9 | margin: 0; 10 | padding: 0; 11 | } 12 | 13 | body { 14 | font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", Arial, sans-serif; 15 | font-size: 18px; 16 | line-height: 1.4; 17 | color: #000000; 18 | margin: 10px 13px 10px 13px; 19 | } 20 | 21 | a { 22 | color: #0069d6; 23 | } 24 | 25 | a:hover { 26 | color: #0050a3; 27 | text-decoration: none; 28 | } 29 | 30 | a img { 31 | border: none; 32 | } 33 | 34 | p { 35 | text-indent: 2em; 36 | margin-bottom: 12px; 37 | } 38 | 39 | h1, 40 | h2, 41 | h3, 42 | h4, 43 | h5, 44 | h6 { 45 | color: #404040; 46 | line-height: 36px; 47 | } 48 | 49 | h1 { 50 | margin-bottom: 32px; 51 | margin-top: 32px; 52 | font-size: 30px; 53 | color: #0050a3; 54 | } 55 | 56 | h1 a { 57 | margin-top: 100px; 58 | display: block; 59 | } 60 | 61 | h2 { 62 | font-size: 24px; 63 | margin-bottom: 28px; 64 | margin-left: 12px; 65 | } 66 | 67 | h3 { 68 | font-size: 18px; 69 | margin-bottom: 24px; 70 | margin-left: 16px; 71 | } 72 | 73 | h4 { 74 | font-size: 16px; 75 | } 76 | 77 | h5 { 78 | font-size: 14px; 79 | } 80 | 81 | h6 { 82 | font-size: 13px; 83 | } 84 | 85 | hr { 86 | margin: 0 0 19px; 87 | border: 0; 88 | border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; 89 | } 90 | 91 | blockquote { 92 | padding: 2px 13px 21px 2px; 93 | margin-bottom: 12px; 94 | font-family: georgia,serif; 95 | font-style: italic; 96 | } 97 | 98 | blockquote:before { 99 | content: "\201C"; 100 | font-size: 40px; 101 | margin-left: -10px; 102 | font-family: georgia,serif; 103 | color: #eee; 104 | } 105 | 106 | blockquote p { 107 | font-size: 14px; 108 | font-weight: 300; 109 | line-height: 18px; 110 | margin-bottom: 0; 111 | font-style: italic; 112 | } 113 | 114 | code, pre { 115 | font-family: Monaco, Andale Mono, Courier New, monospace; 116 | } 117 | 118 | code { 119 | background-color: #fee9cc; 120 | color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); 121 | padding: 1px 3px; 122 | font-size: 12px; 123 | -webkit-border-radius: 3px; 124 | -moz-border-radius: 3px; 125 | border-radius: 3px; 126 | } 127 | 128 | pre { 129 | display: block; 130 | padding: 14px; 131 | margin: 0 0 18px; 132 | line-height: 16px; 133 | font-size: 11px; 134 | border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; 135 | white-space: pre-line; 136 | word-wrap: break-word; 137 | } 138 | 139 | pre code { 140 | background-color: transparent; 141 | color: #737373; 142 | font-size: 11px; 143 | padding: 0; 144 | white-space: pre-wrap; 145 | } 146 | 147 | 148 | figure img { 149 | display: block; 150 | margin: 0 auto; 151 | max-width: 100%; 152 | } 153 | 154 | figcaption { 155 | text-align: center; 156 | } 157 | 158 | ul li a { 159 | font-weight: bold; 160 | } 161 | 162 | ul li ul a { 163 | font-weight: normal; 164 | } 165 | 166 | @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { 167 | body { 168 | width: 748px; 169 | margin: 40px auto; 170 | } 171 | } 172 | 173 | 174 | table { 175 | margin: 10px auto; 176 | } 177 | 178 | thead { 179 | font-size: 120%; 180 | font-weight: 1000; 181 | cursor: pointer; 182 | background: #c9dff0 183 | } 184 | 185 | thead tr th { 186 | text-align: center; 187 | font-weight: bold; 188 | padding: 12px 30px; 189 | padding-left: 42px 190 | } 191 | 192 | thead tr th span { 193 | padding-right: 20px; 194 | background-repeat: no-repeat; 195 | background-position: 100% 100% 196 | } 197 | 198 | tbody tr td { 199 | padding: 15px 10px 200 | } 201 | 202 | tbody tr td.lalign { 203 | text-align: left 204 | } 205 | 206 | tbody tr:nth-child(even) { 207 | background: #fff 208 | } 209 | 210 | tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { 211 | background: #eee 212 | } 213 | 214 | td,th { 215 | border-left: 1px solid #cbcbcb; 216 | border-width: 0 0 0 1px; 217 | font-size: inherit; 218 | margin: 0; 219 | overflow: visible; 220 | padding: .5em 1em 221 | } 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | /* 如果你的项目仅支持 IE9+ | Chrome | Firefox 等，推荐在 中添加 .borderbox 这个 class */ 226 | html.borderbox *, html.borderbox *:before, html.borderbox *:after { 227 | -moz-box-sizing: border-box; 228 | -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; 229 | box-sizing: border-box; 230 | } 231 | 232 | /* 重设 HTML5 标签, IE 需要在 js 中 createElement(TAG) */ 233 | article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, menu, nav, section { 234 | display: block; 235 | } 236 | 237 | /* HTML5 媒体文件跟 img 保持一致 */ 238 | audio, canvas, video { 239 | display: inline-block; 240 | } 241 | 242 | /* 要注意表单元素并不继承父级 font 的问题 */ 243 | body, button, input, select, textarea { 244 | font: 300 1em/1.8 PingFang SC, Lantinghei SC, Microsoft Yahei, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft Sans Serif, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; 245 | } 246 | 247 | button::-moz-focus-inner, 248 | input::-moz-focus-inner { 249 | padding: 0; 250 | border: 0; 251 | } 252 | 253 | /* 去掉各Table cell 的边距并让其边重合 */ 254 | table { 255 | border-collapse: collapse; 256 | border-spacing: 0; 257 | } 258 | 259 | /* 去除默认边框 */ 260 | fieldset, img { 261 | border: 0; 262 | } 263 | 264 | /* 块/段落引用 */ 265 | blockquote { 266 | position: relative; 267 | color: #999; 268 | font-weight: 400; 269 | border-left: 1px solid #1abc9c; 270 | padding-left: 1em; 271 | margin: 1em 3em 1em 2em; 272 | } 273 | 274 | @media only screen and ( max-width: 640px ) { 275 | blockquote { 276 | margin: 1em 0; 277 | } 278 | } 279 | 280 | /* Firefox 以外，元素没有下划线，需添加 */ 281 | acronym, abbr { 282 | border-bottom: 1px dotted; 283 | font-variant: normal; 284 | } 285 | 286 | /* 添加鼠标问号，进一步确保应用的语义是正确的（要知道，交互他们也有洁癖，如果你不去掉，那得多花点口舌） */ 287 | abbr { 288 | cursor: help; 289 | } 290 | 291 | /* 一致的 del 样式 */ 292 | del { 293 | text-decoration: line-through; 294 | } 295 | 296 | address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, th, var { 297 | font-style: normal; 298 | font-weight: 400; 299 | } 300 | 301 | /* 去掉列表前的标识, li 会继承，大部分网站通常用列表来很多内容，所以应该当去 */ 302 | ul, ol { 303 | list-style: none; 304 | } 305 | 306 | /* 对齐是排版最重要的因素, 别让什么都居中 */ 307 | caption, th { 308 | text-align: left; 309 | } 310 | 311 | q:before, q:after { 312 | content: ''; 313 | } 314 | 315 | /* 统一上标和下标 */ 316 | sub, sup { 317 | font-size: 75%; 318 | line-height: 0; 319 | position: relative; 320 | } 321 | 322 | :root sub, :root sup { 323 | vertical-align: baseline; /* for ie9 and other modern browsers */ 324 | } 325 | 326 | sup { 327 | top: -0.5em; 328 | } 329 | 330 | sub { 331 | bottom: -0.25em; 332 | } 333 | 334 | /* 让链接在 hover 状态下显示下划线 */ 335 | a { 336 | color: #1abc9c; 337 | } 338 | 339 | a:hover { 340 | text-decoration: underline; 341 | } 342 | 343 | a { 344 | border-bottom: 1px solid #1abc9c; 345 | } 346 | 347 | a:hover { 348 | border-bottom-color: #555; 349 | color: #555; 350 | text-decoration: none; 351 | } 352 | 353 | /* 默认不显示下划线，保持页面简洁 */ 354 | ins, a { 355 | text-decoration: none; 356 | } 357 | 358 | /* 专名号：虽然 u 已经重回 html5 Draft，但在所有浏览器中都是可以使用的， 359 | * 要做到更好，向后兼容的话，添加 class="typo-u" 来显示专名号 360 | * 关于 标签：http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element 361 | * 被放弃的是 4，之前一直搞错 http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#idx-deprecated 362 | * 一篇关于 标签的很好文章：http://html5doctor.com/u-element/ 363 | */ 364 | u, .typo-u { 365 | text-decoration: underline; 366 | } 367 | 368 | /* 标记，类似于手写的荧光笔的作用 */ 369 | mark { 370 | background: #fffdd1; 371 | border-bottom: 1px solid #ffedce; 372 | padding: 2px; 373 | margin: 0 5px; 374 | } 375 | 376 | /* 代码片断 */ 377 | pre, code, pre tt { 378 | font-family: Courier, 'Courier New', monospace; 379 | } 380 | 381 | pre { 382 | background: #000; 383 | border: 1px solid #ddd; 384 | padding: 1em 1.5em; 385 | display: block; 386 | -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; 387 | } 388 | 389 | /* 一致化 horizontal rule */ 390 | hr { 391 | border: none; 392 | border-bottom: 1px solid #cfcfcf; 393 | margin-bottom: 0.8em; 394 | height: 10px; 395 | } 396 | 397 | /* 底部印刷体、版本等标记 */ 398 | small, .typo-small, 399 | /* 图片说明 */ 400 | figcaption { 401 | font-size: 0.9em; 402 | color: #888; 403 | } 404 | 405 | strong, b { 406 | font-weight: bold; 407 | color: #000; 408 | } 409 | 410 | /* 可拖动文件添加拖动手势 */ 411 | [draggable] { 412 | cursor: move; 413 | } 414 | 415 | .clearfix:before, .clearfix:after { 416 | content: ""; 417 | display: table; 418 | } 419 | 420 | .clearfix:after { 421 | clear: both; 422 | } 423 | 424 | .clearfix { 425 | zoom: 1; 426 | } 427 | 428 | /* 强制文本换行 */ 429 | .textwrap, .textwrap td, .textwrap th { 430 | word-wrap: break-word; 431 | word-break: break-all; 432 | } 433 | 434 | .textwrap-table { 435 | table-layout: fixed; 436 | } 437 | 438 | /* 提供 serif 版本的字体设置: iOS 下中文自动 fallback 到 sans-serif */ 439 | .serif { 440 | font-family: Palatino, Optima, Georgia, serif; 441 | } 442 | 443 | /* 保证块/段落之间的空白隔行 */ 444 | p, pre, ul, ol, dl, form, hr, table, 445 | .typo-p, .typo-pre, .typo-ul, .typo-ol, .typo-dl, .typo-form, .typo-hr, .typo-table, blockquote { 446 | margin-bottom: 1.2em 447 | } 448 | 449 | h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { 450 | font-family: PingFang SC, Verdana, Helvetica Neue, Microsoft Yahei, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft Sans Serif, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; 451 | font-weight: 100; 452 | color: #000; 453 | line-height: 1.35; 454 | } 455 | 456 | /* 标题应该更贴紧内容，并与其他块区分，margin 值要相应做优化 */ 457 | h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, 458 | .typo-h1, .typo-h2, .typo-h3, .typo-h4, .typo-h5, .typo-h6 { 459 | margin-top: 1.2em; 460 | margin-bottom: 0.6em; 461 | line-height: 1.35; 462 | } 463 | 464 | /* 在文章中，应该还原 ul 和 ol 的样式 */ 465 | ul, .typo-ul { 466 | margin-left: 1.3em; 467 | list-style: disc; 468 | } 469 | 470 | ol, .typo-ol { 471 | list-style: decimal; 472 | margin-left: 1.9em; 473 | } 474 | 475 | li ul, li ol, .typo-ul ul, .typo-ul ol, .typo-ol ul, .typo-ol ol { 476 | margin-bottom: 0.8em; 477 | margin-left: 0.6em; 478 | } 479 | 480 | li ul, .typo-ul ul, .typo-ol ul { 481 | list-style: circle; 482 | } 483 | 484 | /* 同 ul/ol，在文章中应用 table 基本格式 */ 485 | table th, table td, .typo-table th, .typo-table td, table caption { 486 | border: 1px solid #ddd; 487 | padding: 0.5em 1em; 488 | color: #666; 489 | } 490 | 491 | table th, .typo-table th { 492 | background: #fbfbfb; 493 | } 494 | 495 | table thead th, .typo-table thead th { 496 | background: #f1f1f1; 497 | } 498 | 499 | table caption { 500 | border-bottom: none; 501 | } 502 | 503 | /* 去除 webkit 中 input 和 textarea 的默认样式 */ 504 | .typo-input, .typo-textarea { 505 | -webkit-appearance: none; 506 | border-radius: 0; 507 | } 508 | 509 | .typo-em, em, legend, caption { 510 | color: #000; 511 | font-weight: inherit; 512 | } 513 | 514 | /* 着重号，只能在少量（少于100个字符）且全是全角字符的情况下使用 */ 515 | .typo-em { 516 | position: relative; 517 | } 518 | 519 | .typo-em:after { 520 | position: absolute; 521 | top: 0.65em; 522 | left: 0; 523 | width: 100%; 524 | overflow: hidden; 525 | white-space: nowrap; 526 | content: "・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・"; 527 | } 528 | 529 | /* Responsive images */ 530 | img { 531 | max-width: 100%; 532 | } 533 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /template/template.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article} 2 | \usepackage{geometry} % 設定邊界 3 | \geometry{ 4 | top=1in, 5 | inner=1in, 6 | outer=1in, 7 | bottom=1in, 8 | headheight=3ex, 9 | headsep=2ex 10 | } 11 | \usepackage{tabu} 12 | \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 13 | \usepackage{lmodern} 14 | \usepackage{booktabs} 15 | \usepackage{amssymb,amsmath} 16 | \usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex} 17 | \usepackage{fixltx2e} % provides \textsubscript 18 | % use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments 19 | \IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{} 20 | \ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex 21 | \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} 22 | $if(euro)$ 23 | \usepackage{eurosym} 24 | $endif$ 25 | \else % if luatex or xelatex 26 | \usepackage{fontspec} % 允許設定字體 27 | \usepackage{xeCJK} % 分開設置中英文字型 28 | \setCJKmainfont{STSong} % 設定中文字型 29 | \setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text]{Times New Roman}%\rmfamily 使用的字体,默认英文和数字的字体。 % 設定英文字型 30 | \setromanfont{Georgia} % 字型 31 | \setmonofont{Courier New} 32 | \linespread{1.2}\selectfont % 行距 33 | \XeTeXlinebreaklocale "zh" % 針對中文自動換行 34 | \XeTeXlinebreakskip = 0pt plus 1pt % 字與字之間加入0pt至1pt的間距，確保左右對整齊 35 | \parindent 0em % 段落縮進 36 | \setlength{\parskip}{20pt} % 段落之間的距離 37 | \ifxetex 38 | \usepackage{xltxtra,xunicode} 39 | \fi 40 | \defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text,Scale=MatchLowercase} 41 | \newcommand{\euro}{€} 42 | $if(mainfont)$ 43 | \setmainfont{$mainfont$} 44 | $endif$ 45 | $if(sansfont)$ 46 | \setsansfont{$sansfont$} 47 | $endif$ 48 | $if(monofont)$ 49 | \setmonofont{$monofont$} 50 | $endif$ 51 | $if(mathfont)$ 52 | \setmathfont{$mathfont$} 53 | $endif$ 54 | \fi 55 | % use microtype if available 56 | \IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{\usepackage{microtype}}{} 57 | $if(geometry)$ 58 | \usepackage[$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$]{geometry} 59 | $endif$ 60 | $if(natbib)$ 61 | \usepackage{natbib} 62 | \bibliographystyle{plainnat} 63 | $endif$ 64 | $if(biblatex)$ 65 | \usepackage{biblatex} 66 | $if(biblio-files)$ 67 | \bibliography{$biblio-files$} 68 | $endif$ 69 | $endif$ 70 | $if(listings)$ 71 | \usepackage{listings} 72 | $endif$ 73 | $if(lhs)$ 74 | \lstnewenvironment{code}{\lstset{language=Haskell,basicstyle=\small\ttfamily}}{} 75 | $endif$ 76 | $if(highlighting-macros)$ 77 | $highlighting-macros$ 78 | $endif$ 79 | $if(verbatim-in-note)$ 80 | \usepackage{fancyvrb} 81 | $endif$ 82 | $if(tables)$ 83 | \usepackage{longtable} 84 | $endif$ 85 | 86 | \usepackage{graphicx} 87 | \usepackage{caption} 88 | % We will generate all images so they have a width \maxwidth. This means 89 | % that they will get their normal width if they fit onto the page, but 90 | % are scaled down if they would overflow the margins. 91 | \makeatletter 92 | \def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth 93 | \else\Gin@nat@width\fi} 94 | \makeatother 95 | \let\Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics 96 | \renewcommand{\includegraphics}[1]{\Oldincludegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{#1}} 97 | \ifxetex 98 | \usepackage[setpagesize=false, % page size defined by xetex 99 | unicode=false, % unicode breaks when used with xetex 100 | xetex]{hyperref} 101 | \else 102 | \usepackage[unicode=true]{hyperref} 103 | \fi 104 | \hypersetup{breaklinks=true, 105 | bookmarks=true, 106 | pdfauthor={$author-meta$}, 107 | pdftitle={$title-meta$}, 108 | colorlinks=true, 109 | urlcolor=$if(urlcolor)$$urlcolor$$else$blue$endif$, 110 | linkcolor=$if(linkcolor)$$linkcolor$$else$magenta$endif$, 111 | pdfborder={0 0 0}} 112 | \urlstyle{same} % don't use monospace font for urls 113 | $if(links-as-notes)$ 114 | % Make links footnotes instead of hotlinks: 115 | \renewcommand{\href}[2]{#2\footnote{\url{#1}}} 116 | $endif$ 117 | $if(strikeout)$ 118 | \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} 119 | % avoid problems with \sout in headers with hyperref: 120 | \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\renewcommand{\sout}{}} 121 | $endif$ 122 | \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} 123 | %\setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt} 124 | \setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines 125 | \usepackage{titling} 126 | \setlength{\droptitle}{-8em} % 將標題移動至頁面的上面 127 | 128 | \usepackage{fancyhdr} 129 | \usepackage{lastpage} 130 | \pagestyle{fancyplain} 131 | 132 | $if(numbersections)$ 133 | \setcounter{secnumdepth}{5} 134 | $else$ 135 | \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0} 136 | $endif$ 137 | $if(verbatim-in-note)$ 138 | \VerbatimFootnotes % allows verbatim text in footnotes 139 | $endif$ 140 | $if(lang)$ 141 | \ifxetex 142 | \usepackage{polyglossia} 143 | \setmainlanguage{$mainlang$} 144 | \else 145 | \usepackage[$lang$]{babel} 146 | \fi 147 | $endif$ 148 | $for(header-includes)$ 149 | $header-includes$ 150 | $endfor$ 151 | 152 | $if(title)$ 153 | \title{$title$} 154 | $endif$ 155 | \author{$for(author)$$author$$sep$ \and $endfor$} 156 | \date{$date$} 157 | 158 | %%%% 段落首行缩进两个字 %%%% 159 | \makeatletter 160 | \let\@afterindentfalse\@afterindenttrue 161 | \@afterindenttrue 162 | \makeatother 163 | \setlength{\parindent}{2em} %中文缩进两个汉字位 164 | 165 | 166 | %%%% 下面的命令重定义页面边距，使其符合中文刊物习惯 %%%% 167 | \addtolength{\topmargin}{-2pt} 168 | \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.63cm} % 3.17cm - 1 inch 169 | \setlength{\evensidemargin}{\oddsidemargin} 170 | \setlength{\textwidth}{14.66cm} 171 | \setlength{\textheight}{24.00cm} % 24.62 172 | 173 | %%%% 下面的命令设置行间距与段落间距 %%%% 174 | \linespread{1.4} 175 | % \setlength{\parskip}{1ex} 176 | \setlength{\parskip}{0.5\baselineskip} 177 | 178 | 179 | \begin{document} 180 | %%%% 定理类环境的定义 %%%% 181 | \newtheorem{example}{例} % 整体编号 182 | \newtheorem{algorithm}{算法} 183 | \newtheorem{theorem}{定理}[section] % 按 section 编号 184 | \newtheorem{definition}{定义} 185 | \newtheorem{axiom}{公理} 186 | \newtheorem{property}{性质} 187 | \newtheorem{proposition}{命题} 188 | \newtheorem{lemma}{引理} 189 | \newtheorem{corollary}{推论} 190 | \newtheorem{remark}{注解} 191 | \newtheorem{condition}{条件} 192 | \newtheorem{conclusion}{结论} 193 | \newtheorem{assumption}{假设} 194 | 195 | \newcommand{\tightlist}{% 196 | \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}} 197 | 198 | %%%% 重定义 %%%% 199 | \renewcommand{\contentsname}{目录} % 将Contents改为目录 200 | \renewcommand{\abstractname}{摘要} % 将Abstract改为摘要 201 | \renewcommand{\refname}{参考文献} % 将References改为参考文献 202 | \renewcommand{\indexname}{索引} 203 | \renewcommand{\figurename}{图} 204 | \renewcommand{\tablename}{表} 205 | \renewcommand{\appendixname}{附录} 206 | 207 | $for(include-before)$ 208 | $include-before$ 209 | 210 | $endfor$ 211 | $if(toc)$ 212 | { 213 | \newpage 214 | \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} 215 | \setcounter{tocdepth}{$toc-depth$} 216 | \tableofcontents 217 | } 218 | \newpage 219 | $endif$ 220 | $body$ 221 | 222 | $if(natbib)$ 223 | $if(biblio-files)$ 224 | $if(biblio-title)$ 225 | $if(book-class)$ 226 | \renewcommand\bibname{$biblio-title$} 227 | $else$ 228 | \renewcommand\refname{$biblio-title$} 229 | $endif$ 230 | $endif$ 231 | \bibliography{$biblio-files$} 232 | 233 | $endif$ 234 | $endif$ 235 | $if(biblatex)$ 236 | \printbibliography$if(biblio-title)$[title=$biblio-title$]$endif$ 237 | 238 | $endif$ 239 | $for(include-after)$ 240 | $include-after$ 241 | 242 | $endfor$ 243 | \end{document} --------------------------------------------------------------------------------