├── Listening Part └── 听力场景词汇.pdf ├── Precautions Before Exam ├── Precautions.md └── Precautions.pdf ├── README.md ├── Reading Part └── Matching.md ├── Speaking Part ├── 2025年3月17日-3月23日雅思口语小范围预测完整版 .pdf ├── Part 1.md ├── Part 2.md ├── Part 3.md ├── Part1 Topics.md ├── Part1_Predict.assets │ ├── image-20250306213643698.png │ └── image-20250306213809341.png ├── Part1_Predict.md ├── Part2 Topics.md ├── Part2_Predict.md ├── Part2_各个类型示例.md ├── Part2_意义表达.md ├── Part2_积累人物品格.md ├── Part2_积累感受表达.md ├── Part2_积累细节描写.md └── Part3_部分类型示例.md ├── Vocabulary ├── C10_Stuff Materials.md ├── C11_Fashion Trends.md ├── C12_Eating Healthy.md ├── C13_Architecture Venue.md ├── C14_Transportation Tourism.md ├── C15_Country Government.md ├── C16_Society Economy.md ├── C17_Laws Regulations.md ├── C18_BattleField Contention.md ├── C19_Society Role.md ├── C1_Natural Geography.md ├── C20_Movement Behaviour.md ├── C21_Body Health.md ├── C22_Time Date.md ├── C2_Plant Research.md ├── C3_Animal Protection.md ├── C4_Space Exploration.md ├── C5_School Education.md ├── C6_Technology Invention.md ├── C7_Culture History.md ├── C8_Language Culture.md └── C9_Entertainment Activites.md ├── Writing Part ├── Express_Substitution.md ├── Grammar_Summary_Bar&Pie.md ├── Grammar_Summary_Map&Flowchart.md ├── Grammar_Summary_Part2.md ├── Part1 Bar&Pie_Chart.assets │ ├── image-20240415195623403.png │ ├── image-20240415195706463.png │ ├── image-20240415195817763.png │ ├── image-20240418161714677.png │ ├── image-20240418163800169.png │ ├── image-20240418202853122.png │ ├── image-20240418203312822.png │ ├── image-20240418203417275.png │ ├── image-20240418203456272.png │ ├── image-20240418211502765.png │ ├── image-20240418211628530.png │ ├── image-20240418212057207.png │ ├── image-20240418212559820.png │ ├── image-20240418213326980.png │ ├── image-20250227141944734.png │ ├── image-20250227143440334.png │ ├── image-20250227144020359.png │ ├── image-20250227161055785.png │ ├── image-20250227161124122.png │ ├── image-20250227161136975.png │ └── image-20250227161207724.png ├── Part1 Bar&Pie_Chart.md ├── Part2 Map&FlowChart.assets │ ├── image-20240826150407480.png │ ├── image-20240826151527486.png │ ├── image-20240826151549258.png │ ├── image-20240826153450397.png │ ├── image-20240925182727362.png │ ├── image-20240925190917229.png │ ├── image-20240925192226453.png │ ├── image-20241014190219875.png │ ├── image-20241014192224422.png │ ├── image-20241014193727646.png │ ├── image-20241014194122716.png │ ├── image-20241015160101308.png │ └── image-20241015160115963.png ├── Part2 Map&FlowChart.md ├── Part3 Discuss.md ├── Part3.assets │ ├── image-20240512223329889.png │ ├── image-20240512225635502.png │ ├── image-20240519150104193.png │ ├── image-20240519150208502.png │ ├── image-20240519150739423.png │ ├── image-20240519151204327.png │ ├── image-20240528213044558.png │ ├── image-20240528215501203.png │ ├── image-20240528220724466.png │ └── image-20240528221652599.png ├── Part3.md └── Writing_Materials │ ├── Criminal.md │ ├── Culture.assets │ └── image-20250303172313260.png │ ├── Culture.md │ ├── Education.assets │ └── image-20250228225134539.png │ ├── Education.md │ ├── Environment.md │ ├── Government.md │ ├── Media.assets │ └── image-20250304204654952.png │ ├── Media.md │ ├── Society.assets │ └── image-20250228225134539.png │ ├── Society.md │ ├── Technology.assets │ └── image-20250302160231578.png │ └── Technology.md └── fig └── grade.jpg /Listening Part/听力场景词汇.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Listening Part/听力场景词汇.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Precautions Before Exam/Precautions.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## 策略&细节 2 | 3 | 1. 雅思听力part4关注每一条（即使不是答案的分点），避免错位 4 | 5 | 2. 听力part3 part4到时间再看题，不用过于提前去看 6 | 7 | 3. 听力part 1不要多写数字等，如果填空前面有路标号就不要加 8 | 4. 听力part 1或者阅读翻篇前检查一下拼写 9 | 10 | 5. 阅读填空的时候涉及多种物体，一定要看清楚你想填的在不在隔壁的信息中，如果有就说明重复了要重新找 11 | 12 | 6. 写作无论如何都要最后抽出时间来检查语法（写完＞语法＞内容＞表达≈词汇）无论如何得写完，覆盖整个格式，检查先检查单复数（非常重要），其次检查时态，最后检查介词 13 | 14 | 7. 听力part2&part3出现连续双选题可能是一段音频播放，需注意辨别 15 | 16 | 8. 听力注意单复数 17 | 18 | 9. 阅读填空注意上下语法，不要填错词性或者找错原句答案个体 19 | 20 | 10. 听力注意单复数形式，原音频说的是复数大概率答案也是，如果音频内单数复数都念过则跟据题目语法判断 21 | 22 | 11. 口语的代词如果不确定用she还是he的话就用they 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | ## 单词拼写or词义 27 | 28 | appointment预约 29 | temporary临时的 30 | poverty贫穷 31 | boots靴子 32 | meditation冥想 33 | suburbs郊区 34 | religious conviction宗教信念 35 | spacious宽敞的 36 | scepticism 37 | versatile多才多艺的 38 | smartphones连起来的 39 | perception感知 40 | September 41 | atlas地图册 42 | expense费用 43 | be guaranteed 44 | elaborate精心制作的 45 | evaporators蒸发器 46 | diameter直径 47 | litre/liter 升 48 | philosophy philosophies 哲学 49 | **capitalism资本主义** 50 | opportunity 51 | defiance蔑视 52 | priorities指优先事项而非早期经历 53 | infrastructure基础设施 54 | recipient被援助的国家 55 | Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 56 | 当表示每个星期几的时候，需要在后面加s 57 | January, February, March, April, May, June, July, **August**, September, October, November, December注意January, February, August, October，**其中二月的Feb后面有r**，August不要拼成Augest，October不要加m 58 | 59 | eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen,..., twenty 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | reliance依赖 64 | deter阻止 65 | 66 | deteriorate恶化 67 | intuition直觉 68 | fasting禁食期 69 | therapy疗法注意没有o 70 | obsession迷住 71 | contextual上下文的 72 | temperatures注意加s当听力读的是有s时 73 | seaweed海藻 74 | enroll等于register 75 | reindeer驯鹿 76 | necessary的c只有一个 77 | **agriculture不是al而是a** 78 | countryside不能加s 79 | competition中间是i，compete动词形式是e 80 | ventilation通风 81 | garage读音可能ge会与sh相似 82 | monument没有多余的u在o后面 83 | refrigerator 84 | reversed 是反转的意思 85 | tedious==boring 86 | stimulating刺激地也可以等于使...有活力 87 | appropriate 88 | inappropriate 89 | socializing 90 | revise 修改 91 | irrigation灌溉系统 92 | 93 | maintenance注意拼写不是maintain 94 | 95 | retrieval重获、取回注意拼写中间有e 96 | consolidation整合 97 | 98 | democratic民主的 autocratic 专制的 99 | 100 | ecology 生态学 biology 生物学 101 | 102 | deteriorate使...恶化 103 | poultry家禽的 herbivorous食草的 carnivorous食肉的 omnivorous 杂食性的 vertebrate 脊椎动物的 104 | 105 | reptile爬行动物 amphibian两栖类的 106 | 107 | crocodile鳄鱼 calf小牛 cockroach蟑螂 108 | 109 | latitude纬度 longitude经度不要多加t 110 | 111 | contentious有争议的，注意都是t不是sious 112 | resilience弹性、恢复力 113 | recruit招募 114 | 115 | assistance而不是ence 116 | 117 | cultivate培养 118 | 119 | sophisticated复杂的 120 | guarantee保证，注意是an而不是en在中间 121 | 122 | substance 物质，主旨 123 | 124 | morale士气 125 | 126 | moral道德 127 | 128 | dwell居住 129 | 130 | conserve 节约 替换save 131 | 132 | exotic珍奇的 133 | 134 | prestige声望、威信 135 | 136 | pathogen病原体 137 | 138 | communal公共的 139 | 140 | 141 | ### 作文写法 142 | 143 | It is widely recognized that 144 | B across different A替换 different A's B 145 | 不要出现两个以上的which，可以用分词..., doing ... 替换 146 | 国家前不加The 147 | slight轻微的不要写成slice 148 | in 后面加时间点，不要出现in ... years ago的写法 149 | rely后面不接to，接on，也可以用based on 150 | **“sorely single range of subjects”** → *“solely on a single range of subjects”*（“sorely” 应为“solely”） 151 | **“crossed over hundred of subjects”** → *“spans across hundreds of disciplines”*（“hundred” 应该用复数） 152 | **“just skim on basic knowledge”** → *“just skim through the basics”*（"skim on" 不是正确搭配） 153 | 用evident替代obvious 154 | plummet本身有急剧下降的意思，不用加dramatic修饰 155 | 三分之一直接用one-third不要用33% 156 | stabilized注意中间两个i 157 | 158 | standing at可以用reaching更精准，如果是不变的就用remained stable at 159 | 160 | level off适用于先上升后平稳的情况，并非一直平稳，一直平稳用stabilize 161 | 162 | continuous中间的u不要漏了 163 | change可以被fluctuate替代 164 | 165 | to some extent 不是in 166 | 167 | **注意正常要加the的情况，除了国家都要加** 168 | 169 | spent from而不是of 170 | 171 | 占比优先用contribute 172 | contribute to 而不是for 173 | spend的名词是spending，或者写expenditure，expense 174 | 175 | **half的动词是halve** 176 | 到多少年翻倍用doubled by 时间；而不是in 177 | 178 | arguments in favor of 不是 in front of 179 | 180 | **amount of形容不可数名词， number of 形容可数名词** 181 | 182 | noticeable不要漏掉e 183 | 184 | life复数lives不是直接加s 185 | 186 | depict changes in 187 | 188 | over the past x years 189 | 190 | **seek后面没有介词** 191 | 192 | excessive sugar absorption **excessive不要漏c**，absorption要把b改成p 193 | 194 | enthusiastic 195 | 196 | **作文地图题注意开头如果是两个图的话得是two maps，不要漏了s** 197 | 198 | rather than后面接ing 199 | 200 | ### 阅读理解 201 | 202 | They include the Malagasy mouse-eared bat, Major’s long-fingered bat, the Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat and Peters’ wrinkle-lipped bat. 203 | 这里的major's并不是指占据主要或者多于的意思，是名字的意思 204 | 205 | 在判断正误的部分，关于false与not mentioned之间的选择，可以用信息的唯一性来解决，若题目的结构与原句十分相似，**即使二者都有可能是正确但题目中的描述没有在文章中发生，这里大概率是false**，如果结构不一致，且 原文中没有相关的元素，这时候才选not mentioned 206 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Precautions Before Exam/Precautions.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Precautions Before Exam/Precautions.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # IELTS-Learning-Notes 2 | 雅思学习资料，包括词汇真经疑难词汇（分话题整理），作文句式短语积累，口语表达积累等 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | This note is typically suitable for English learners with a certain foundation(Band 6 550+). 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 首考： 11 | 12 | 973efc34f334bd51dec29efbca841c5 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Reading Part/Matching.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Matching features 2 | 3 | 1. 先看题目中有无NB，有的话则代表可以重复选 4 | 2. 之后回到原文定位 5 | 3. 然后找关键词 6 | 4. 找到并精读关键句 7 | 5. 最后对比选项并选择答案 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ## Matching Information 12 | 13 | 1. 审题有无NB 14 | 2. 划关键词 15 | 3. 逐段阅读 16 | 4. 同下义词 17 | 5. 是否完全相符 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/2025年3月17日-3月23日雅思口语小范围预测完整版 .pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Speaking Part/2025年3月17日-3月23日雅思口语小范围预测完整版 .pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part 1.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Basic Formula 2 | 3 | $A \to R \to E$ 4 | 5 | 首先回答基本的问题，之后解释原因，最后是拓展 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | e.g. What is your favourite sport? 10 | 11 | A: My favourite sport is badminton. 12 | 13 | R: I enjoy this sport because it can relax myself and keep me in a good mood. On top of that it can also boost the metabolism of my body. 14 | 15 | E: I go to the badminton court every how and then with my friend and would play about 2 hours each time. 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | Do you like music?/Do you like playing video games? 20 | 21 | A: yes/sure/definitely/absolutely 22 | 23 | R: ease my mind/cheer me up/loosen up 24 | 25 | E: when/where/who /what/how 26 | 27 | immerse myself in the music/ in the days when I have some free time. 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## Mark down phrases to state 'when' 32 | 33 | 几乎每天：pretty much every day, all the time 34 | 35 | 经常地/有规律地：on a regular basis 36 | 37 | 偶尔：once in a while, every how and then 38 | 39 | 有空的时候：In a days when I have free time 40 | 41 | 特别是在……的时候：Especially when... 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## 关于Did you...?/ Have you...?提问 46 | 47 | Useful Phrases(I have done that): 48 | 49 | I still remember there was one time when... 50 | 51 | Back when I was in high school... 52 | 53 | A while back, I... 54 | 55 | I can still vividly recall... 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | Useful Phrases(I haven't done that): 60 | 61 | I don't think I have done it. 62 | 63 | No, not that I can recall. 64 | 65 | I don't recall any related experience. 66 | 67 | I can't think of any off the top of my head. 68 | 69 | I haven't got any opportunities to do that. 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## 关于What...?/What kinds of...?/Where...?的提问 74 | 75 | ANSWER REASONS Elaboration 76 | 77 | Elaboration可以分为WH和Listing两个方面 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | e.g. What do you do to help you concentrate? 82 | 83 | 总起：Well, there're certain things that I always do to help me stay focused. 84 | 85 | Listing: First thing, I'll grab a cup of coffee to help me stay awake. Then, I'll make sure I turn off all notifications and mute my phone, so that I won't get distracted. Finally, I'll play some light music to help me get me into the zone. 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## 对于无法绝对观点回答的问题： 90 | 91 | 分类讨论： 92 | 93 | It depends. 94 | 95 | It's hard to say. 96 | 97 | It depends on what ... we're talking about. 98 | 99 | It depends on different occasions/situations. 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | If we're talking about..., then...... If we're talking about..., then... 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | e.g. Can you fix things? 108 | 109 | A: I guess that depends. 110 | 111 | 分类: If we're talking about actual objects, like changing lightbulbs, fixing a leaky tap, or repairing small home appliances, I'm definitely not good at it, I am not a handy person by any measure. 112 | 113 | But if we're talking about fixing problems that we encounter in life, then I guess I have a knack for it, if they count as things. 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | ## 关于表达的一些用词： 118 | 119 | **Giving Opinion**: I think/reckon/assume/guess/believe 120 | 121 | I would say/the way I see it/ from my point of view/from my perspective 122 | 123 | As far as I am concerned/ Personally speaking 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | **Giving Reason**: because/since/as 128 | 129 | And its probably because... 130 | 131 | I would say it is probably because of the fact that... 132 | 133 | There are several factors contributing to this, such as... 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | **Stating Results**: and/Therefore/hence 138 | 139 | As a result of that 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | **Adding information**: 144 | 145 | On top of that/Apart from that/What's more/Another thing that comes to my mind is that. 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | **Contrasting**: 150 | 151 | By contrast/Comparing to... 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | ## Fillers & Stalling Phrases 156 | 157 | 1. Well, you know, I mean, like, Let me see... 158 | 2. Actually/ Basically/generally speaking... 159 | 3. I don't really know, I guess... 160 | 4. I'm not an expert on this, probably... 161 | 5. That's quite a tricky quesion. 162 | 6. ==It has never crossed my mind before== 163 | 7. I've never thought about this before. 164 | 8. Sorry, Ive just lost my train of thoughts. 165 | 9. It's on the tip of my togue. 166 | 10. What's the word I'm looking for? 167 | 11. it's a bit hard to put it into words... 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part 2.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Part 2 2 | 3 | ### 事件类（描述一件你的经历） 4 | 5 | 新：小学活动；他人制造噪音；投诉；街市购物；忙碌经历；年少学艺；捡到失物；延期旅行；帮助他人；户外活动；匆忙做事；使用地图；和老人的有趣对话 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## Start up 10 | 11 | I‘m going to talk about a time when... 12 | 13 | Speaking of +[题目], I would like to mention a time when... 14 | 15 | When it comes to +[题目], I would like to mention a time when... 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## When/where/who 20 | 21 | 1. When: 22 | 23 | It was about+几年+ago if my memory serves me right. At that time... 24 | 25 | 加原因和细节，那个时候具体在干什么，怎么能和题目中要做的事产生联系？ 26 | 27 | e.g. 28 | 29 | 1. had a tough week+need to refresh myself 30 | 2. just finished exams+had been cramming for exam 31 | 3. on the summer vacation+had plenty of time at hand. 32 | 33 | 分为绝对时间和相对时间，具体日期（多久之前）和那段时间是自己人生阶段的什么时期？ 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 2. Where: 38 | 39 | We started from...(places), and we went towards 目的地 40 | 41 | It happened in..., which is my.../,which is near ... 42 | 43 | 同样对于单时间以及地点的回答用第二句，如果是一个多地点长时间的就用第一句。 44 | 45 | 这里能多加一些细节就加一些，比如这个地方有什么特点之类的，又或者这条路线有什么特点之类的。 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 3. Who: 50 | 51 | I went on the trip, like I mentioned, with a bunch of my buddy/friends/family... 52 | 53 | 之后加上细节，假设是朋友的话，就加上认识的时间，since什么时候 54 | 55 | We've been close friend since.../We've known each other for.. 56 | 57 | We have an amazingly strong bond with each other and also enjoy each other's company. 58 | 59 | 也可以强调一下与朋友之间的关联之类的。 60 | 61 | 也可以强调在做这件事情之前，什么原因导致了你选择和这些朋友一起发生这件事。 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ### 起因经过结果(what happened) 66 | 67 | **开始：** 68 | 69 | In the beginning,... 70 | 71 | At first,... 72 | 73 | On the first day,... 74 | 75 | The first thing we did was... 76 | 77 | The first place we went to was... 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | **然后：** 82 | 83 | Afterwards,... 84 | 85 | After that,... 86 | 87 | Then,... 88 | 89 | And then later,... 90 | 91 | On the next day,... 92 | 93 | The next thing that we did was... 94 | 95 | After we had done something, we did... 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | **同时：** 100 | 101 | When/While I was ..., I... 102 | 103 | Meanwhile,... 104 | 105 | At the same time,... 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | **结束：** 110 | In the end,... 111 | 112 | At last,... 113 | 114 | Finally,... 115 | 116 | The last thing that we did was... 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 在描述事情的时候，一定要加入细节，可以多强调”第一次“来突出特别性。 121 | 122 | 加入对比：比如说可以先说自己在之前的生活或者习惯中或者文化中，这件事情应该是怎么样的，但是在这一件事情中，一切变得跟之前不同，然后强调一下新奇与特别性。 123 | 124 | 如果说是景色的话，可以多描述一些细节，比如说海景，雪景，山景，人景，事物的景之类的，总之为了凑字数可以多加一些，没有坏处，这也是为了Part3打好基础的。 125 | 126 | 也可以代入当时的情景，当时为什么要这么做？当时的感受是什么？多加一些心理描写。 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | ### 感受 131 | 132 | 特殊事件： 133 | 134 | What made this trip so ... was that... 135 | 136 | The highlight of this trip was the experience of... 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | #### Positive Feelings 141 | 142 | 形容事情非常好： 143 | 144 | Fantastic; Fascinating; enjoyable;Unforgettable;Memorable;Cherished 145 | 146 | 我很开心： 147 | 148 | Overjoyed;over the moon 149 | 150 | Delighted;Exhilarated 151 | 152 | 玩得开心： 153 | 154 | Have fun;have a great time 155 | 156 | Have a whale of a time/have a blast 157 | 158 | 心情变好了： 159 | 160 | Recharge my batteries 161 | 162 | Put me in a good mood 163 | 164 | Ease my mind;Cheer me up 165 | 166 | 逃离日常： 167 | 168 | Escape from boring daily routine 169 | 170 | Get away from fast-paced city life 171 | 172 | Get away from the hustle and bustle of daily life 173 | 174 | 社交： 175 | 176 | Spend quality time; Create memories 177 | 178 | A bonding opportunity 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 但是通常来说，可以加入一个mix也就是转折来让feeling更加丰富，通常来说可以以这样的思路：虽然过程很累，但是却很有收获。 183 | 184 | e.g. Overall, the car trip was fantastic. We had a whale of a time. It allowed me to experience a sense of freedom and exhilaration. Although it was a bit tiring, it is still one of the best experiences that I've ever had. 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 呈现让步的语言： 189 | 190 | Although it was a bit tiring, ... 191 | 192 | Despite/ In spite of the fact that... 193 | 194 | Despite it all, it's still worth it. 195 | 196 | Having said that,... 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 消极情绪（主要表达累就行了） 201 | 202 | Tiring;Exhausting 203 | 204 | Exhausted; Knacked; fatigued 205 | 206 | Wiped out; Worn out; spent 207 | 208 | cost me an arm and a leg 209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | e.g. This trip was expensive and cost me an arm and a leg, having said that, I still felt over the moon. 215 | 216 | Although I was wiped out after the trip, I still felt over the moon. 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | ### 段落衔接 223 | 224 | 句首转接：As for/ to; In term of 225 | 226 | 自问自答：where did I...? 227 | 228 | 设问：If you ask me how I felt; If I have to say... 229 | 230 | 转移话题：Anyway... 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | ### 经验教训类 237 | 238 | 上述我们讨论的是关于一段旅行，或者说是开心，有收获的事；但是现在我们需要考虑另外一种情况，也就是不愉快的经历，但是得到了经验教训的。 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | ### Feelings经验教训 243 | 244 | It taught me the importance of... 245 | 246 | e.g. This experience taught me the importance of reaching out for help when I need it. 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | Looking back on that experience, I learning that... 251 | 252 | e.g. Looking back on the experience, I learned that it's important to double check the routes before heading out. 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | What I've learned from this experience is that... 257 | 258 | e.g. What I've learned from this experience that sometimes technology can fail us and we should not rely too much on our phones and navigation apps. 259 | 260 | 261 | 262 | All in all, I've learned that... 263 | 264 | e.g. All in all, I've learned that it's important to keep calm when an accident occurs and don't get panic. 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | ### Feelings(想法、状态的改变-过去、现在、将来) 269 | 270 | At that moment...; 271 | 272 | Come to think of it now,... 273 | 274 | In the future, 275 | 276 | 277 | 278 | e.g. At that moment, I was panic cos I was totally unfamiliar with that area. But come to think of it now, it was so lucky that I got help from the local people. In the future, I will definitely get well-prepared especially when taking a trip to somewhere remote. 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | 284 | ### empowering 285 | 286 | 得到的结果也可以是增强自己的能力： 287 | 自信，成就感： 288 | 289 | Boost my confidence 290 | 291 | Experience a profound sense of accomplishment 292 | 293 | 走出舒适圈： 294 | Step out of my comfort zone 295 | 296 | Push myself beyond my limits 297 | 298 | Unlock my full potential 299 | 300 | 克服困难： 301 | 302 | Overcome challenges/ obstacles 303 | 304 | Conquer my fear for... 305 | 306 | 307 | 308 | ## 人物类 309 | 310 | 新：给力的队友，好客的人，能说会道的人 311 | 312 | 旧：一起学习/工作的成功人士；钦佩的运动员，成功商人，想法有趣的人，想见的有趣的人；擅长说中文的外国人；喜欢烹饪的人 313 | 314 | 315 | 316 | 回答方法： 317 | 318 | 1. Who this person is 319 | 2. How do you knew this person 320 | 3. What this person does 321 | 4. Explain why/ how you feel 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | ### 开头（20~30s） 326 | 327 | 1. Intro句型+paraphrase 328 | 329 | I am going to talk about 330 | 331 | I'd like to tell you about... 332 | 333 | The...person I'm going to describe is... 334 | 335 | When it comes to this topic, I'd love to talk about... 336 | 337 | Speaking of a ... person, I'd like to introduce a little bit about... 338 | 339 | 340 | 341 | 2. 职业/身份的介绍 342 | 343 | He/She is a ________ who enjoys popularity both at home and abroad. 344 | 345 | He/ She has been in the industry for about... decades 346 | 347 | He/ She is a real deal in the world of... 348 | 349 | 350 | 351 | 3. How do you knew about this person? 352 | 353 | As far as I can recall, I first knew him/her when... 354 | 355 | If my memory serves me rights, I first got to know about him/her when... 356 | 357 | I've got to know him/her because once a friend of mine introduced him/her to me. 358 | 359 | I was fascinated/ impressed by him/her; 360 | 361 | He/ she left a deep impression on me 362 | 363 | I googled him/her online and learnt a bit more about this person, and gradually became a loyal fan of his/ hers. 364 | 365 | 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | ### What he/ she is like 370 | 371 | 主体（品质）20s~30s 372 | 373 | Adjective 简单词+具象词 374 | 375 | Paraphrase 转述-正面+反面转述 376 | 377 | Event 事件-描述具体事件5W1H 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | Practice: 382 | 383 | As for why I like her so much, it's mainly because she's a generous and benevolent person. 384 | 385 | I mean, she always... and never... 386 | 387 | I remember once... 388 | 389 | 390 | 391 | e.g. 392 | 393 | As for why I like her so much, it is mainly because she is really a generous and benevolent person. 394 | 395 | I mean, she always donates to local charity to help people and never turns away when she sees someone in need. 396 | 397 | I remember once she paid a fortune, like about over 20,000 dollars, for a girl's tuition debt. She said she was so inspired by that girl's drive and dedication to study. 398 | 399 | 400 | 401 | ### feelings 402 | 403 | respect: 404 | 405 | Admire;look up to/ think highly of 406 | 407 | 408 | 409 | influence: 410 | 411 | Have a positive influence on me 412 | 413 | Be positively influenced by 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | Inspire: 418 | 419 | A source of inspiration and illumination 420 | 421 | Inspire me with his/her 422 | 423 | 424 | 425 | Example Model: 426 | 427 | Set a good example 428 | 429 | is a role model for followers and admirers. 430 | 431 | 432 | 433 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part1 Topics.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Topic 1 Study/Work 2 | 3 | 1. Do you work or are you a student? 4 | 2. Do you like the subject you study? 5 | 3. Why do you like it? 6 | 7 | Answer1: I'm doing a bachelor's degree in Artificial Intelligence at South China University of Technology. I'm in my second year of study. 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Answer2: 12 | 13 | | Like = | Dislike = | 14 | | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------ | 15 | | I absolutely love it. | Not really | 16 | | It's a great fit for me. | It's not my thing | 17 | | I am passionate about it. | It doesn't click with me | 18 | | I am a big fan of my field of study. | I had unrealistic expectation of it. | 19 | | This major truly sparks my interest. | | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | Answer3: 24 | 25 | | 兴趣 | it aligns with my interest | 26 | | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | 27 | | 擅长 | I have a good head for it. | 28 | | 提升能力 | it perfectly develops my problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills. | 29 | | 学习知识 | it gives me a deeper understanding of
it gives me an insight into... | 30 | | 有趣 | Intriguing/fascinating | 31 | | 有用 | relevant/practical | 32 | | 就业 | this major can guarantee me a promising career
it opens up job opportunities for me
it leads to well-paying job
it aligns with my career goal | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | why do you not like it? 37 | 38 | | 无聊 | dull/tedious/not as interesting as imagined | 39 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | 40 | | 太难 | Too challenging
The workload is overwhelming-can't
handle too many tasks at the same time | 41 | | 就业 | hard to find a job in the future
too general and theoretical
it's difficult to apply it to the real world | 42 | | 兴趣 | my interest doesn't align with it | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | ## Topic 2 Cakes 47 | 48 | 1. 蛋糕类型： 49 | 50 | Brownie 布朗尼；Swiss roll cake 瑞士卷；ice-cream cake 冰激凌蛋糕 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 2. 喜欢甜食 55 | 56 | Have a sweet tooth 57 | 58 | Sugar-lover 59 | 60 | Be obsessed with sweets 61 | 62 | I often crave sweets./ I have a craving for sweets. 63 | 64 | Cake is my go-to(首选) snack 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 3. 形容蛋糕 69 | 70 | Inviting; appealing; it is mouthwatering 71 | 72 | Scrumptious; delicious; delectable; palatable 73 | 74 | Moist and soft; light and fluffy; rich and dense 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 4. 形容蛋糕使人发胖 79 | 80 | Fattening adj. Cakes are fattening 81 | 82 | High in sugar, high in fat and high in calories 83 | 84 | I need to be mindful of my sugar/calories intake. 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part1_Predict.assets/image-20250306213643698.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Speaking Part/Part1_Predict.assets/image-20250306213643698.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part1_Predict.assets/image-20250306213809341.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Speaking Part/Part1_Predict.assets/image-20250306213809341.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part2 Topics.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## 关于旅行经历 2 | 3 | Describe a car trip that you went on. 4 | 5 | I am going to talk about a time when I took a road trip along the Quebec in Canada. It was about 6 years ago that I wen on this trip. At that time, I just have my summer vacation after the semester. My cousin went to Canada for study, and we had been 2 years not seeing each other. So we thought it would be a good idea to go on a trip together, just to create some beautiful memories. 6 | 7 | We embarked on our road trip from Montreal, setting out to explore the picturesque province of Quebec. Our first stop was Quebec City, where we wandered through its historic streets adorned with charming old buildings and sampled delicious local cuisine at quaint cafes. The city's French influence was palpable, adding to its unique allure. 8 | 9 | Continuing our journey, we headed into the Laurentian Mountains, where we immersed ourselves in nature. We hiked scenic trails surrounded by lush forests, encountering breathtaking waterfalls and stumbling upon serene lakes nestled among the trees. The tranquil beauty of the Laurentians was a stark contrast to the bustling city life we had left behind. 10 | 11 | During our travels, we also had the pleasure of attending a traditional Québécois festival. The festival was a vibrant celebration of music, dance, and culinary delights, providing us with a deeper understanding of the province's rich cultural heritage. 12 | 13 | As our road trip came to an end and we returned to Montreal, we reminisced about the unforgettable moments we had shared. This journey not only allowed us to explore Quebec's diverse landscapes but also strengthened the bonds between us as a family. 14 | 15 | In summary, our road trip through Quebec was a delightful adventure filled with exploration, discovery, and cultural immersion. It left us with cherished memories and a profound appreciation for the beauty and charm of this captivating province. 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## 关于难忘的（令人惊讶的，有意外的）旅行事件 20 | 21 | During our road trip through Quebec, our journey was not without its unexpected events. As we were cruising along the scenic highways, enjoying the stunning landscapes, we encountered a moment of tension when my uncle's speeding caught the attention of a vigilant police officer. Flashing lights and a siren disrupted the tranquil drive, and we found ourselves pulled over on the side of the road. The officer, firm but fair, issued a speeding ticket, a reminder to all of us to adhere to the traffic rules even amidst the excitement of exploration. 22 | 23 | Another memorable incident occurred when my dad indulged in the local cuisine, particularly a renowned Boston lobster dish. Unfortunately, shortly after relishing the delicacy, he experienced an unexpected allergic reaction. Red rashes appeared on his skin, and we realized he was having an allergic response to the lobster. This unexpected turn required us to quickly seek medical assistance, a reminder of the importance of being mindful of food allergies, especially when trying new dishes in unfamiliar places. 24 | 25 | Despite these unforeseen events, we managed to navigate through these challenges together, learning valuable lessons about safety and health while on the road. These incidents became unique anecdotes that added a touch of unpredictability to our otherwise adventurous road trip through Quebec. 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## 难忘的学习经历，工作经历，研究经历 32 | 33 | Speaking of memorable learning experiences, I would like to mention a time when I was a freshman in college. During this period, I took on a challenging engineering design project as a beginner. Our task was to create a navigation aid device for the visually impaired, integrating hardware sensors with a microcontroller board and developing corresponding software. 34 | 35 | Early on, we encountered difficulties with the hardware components. The sensors we selected did not communicate properly with the microcontroller, leading to setbacks in our progress. Additionally, as we delved into software development, we faced coding errors and compatibility issues that seemed daunting to resolve. 36 | 37 | However, instead of being discouraged, we approached each challenge with determination and perseverance. We sought guidance from professors and conducted extensive research to better understand the technical aspects of our project. Through trial and error, we gradually identified the root causes of our problems and implemented strategic solutions to overcome them. 38 | 39 | One significant breakthrough was when we successfully established the connection between the sensors and the microcontroller, allowing data to be processed accurately. This achievement motivated us to push forward, refining our software algorithms and conducting thorough testing to ensure the functionality and reliability of our navigation aid device. 40 | 41 | In conclusion, the engineering design project was a transformative experience that shaped my approach to learning and problem-solving. It emphasized the importance of resilience, teamwork, and strategic thinking in overcoming obstacles. By navigating through challenges and emerging triumphant, I gained confidence in my abilities and a deeper appreciation for the learning process. This journey remains a cornerstone of my academic and personal growth, highlighting the rewards of persistence and determination in pursuing ambitious goals. 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ### 认识的名人 46 | 47 | The person I'm going to describe is Elon Musk. Elon Musk is a visionary entrepreneur known for his work in technology, space exploration, and sustainable energy. He was born in South Africa in 1971 and later moved to the United States to attend college. Musk co-founded several successful companies, including PayPal, SpaceX, Tesla, and Neuralink, each aimed at pushing the boundaries of innovation in their respective fields. 48 | 49 | One of the most remarkable aspects of Elon Musk's career is his relentless pursuit of ambitious goals. At SpaceX, Musk set out to reduce the cost of space travel and eventually enable the colonization of Mars. His company achieved several milestones, including the successful launch and retrieval of reusable rockets, revolutionizing the space industry. 50 | 51 | Similarly, Musk's electric car company, Tesla, has played a pivotal role in popularizing sustainable transportation. Tesla's electric vehicles have redefined the automotive industry and have significantly contributed to reducing carbon emissions worldwide. 52 | 53 | Beyond his business ventures, Elon Musk is also known for his unconventional and daring ideas. For instance, he proposed the concept of the Hyperloop, a high-speed transportation system, and founded Neuralink, a company dedicated to developing brain-computer interface technology. 54 | 55 | Elon Musk's influence extends beyond his accomplishments in technology and business. He is admired for his boldness, innovation, and determination to tackle some of humanity's most pressing challenges, from climate change to space exploration. Musk's ability to envision the future and his relentless pursuit of his goals serve as an inspiration to aspiring entrepreneurs and innovators worldwide. 56 | 57 | In summary, Elon Musk is a transformative figure whose impact spans across multiple industries. His visionary leadership, coupled with his unwavering determination, has propelled advancements in technology and space exploration while inspiring individuals to think beyond conventional limits. 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ### 教训类 62 | 63 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part2_各个类型示例.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 好的！以下是每种类型的一篇**高质量雅思口语Part 2范文**，语言地道，结构清晰，适合背诵和灵活运用。 2 | 3 | ------ 4 | 5 | ## **1. 人物类（People）** 6 | 7 | **题目：Describe a person who inspired you.（描述一个激励你的人）** 8 | 9 | 📝 **范文：** 10 | I’d like to talk about **my high school English teacher, Mr. Johnson**, who has been a great source of inspiration to me. 11 | 12 | Mr. Johnson was an extremely **passionate and dedicated** teacher. He had a way of making English lessons engaging and interactive. Unlike many other teachers who simply followed the textbook, he would incorporate real-life examples, personal stories, and even humor into his teaching, making learning enjoyable. 13 | 14 | What impressed me the most was his **encouraging attitude**. I used to struggle with public speaking, but he constantly motivated me to step out of my comfort zone. He once told me, “Confidence is not about being perfect; it’s about believing in yourself.” This advice stuck with me and helped me overcome my fear of speaking in front of others. 15 | 16 | Because of him, I started to believe in my abilities and eventually developed a passion for English. His influence extended beyond academics—he taught me **the importance of perseverance and self-confidence**. Even now, whenever I face challenges, I remind myself of his words. 17 | 18 | Overall, Mr. Johnson played a crucial role in shaping my personal and academic growth. His unwavering support and guidance truly made a difference in my life. 19 | 20 | ------ 21 | 22 | ## **2. 事件类（Events & Experiences）** 23 | 24 | **题目：Describe an achievement you are proud of.（描述一个让你感到自豪的成就）** 25 | 26 | 📝 **范文：** 27 | One achievement that I am particularly proud of is **winning first place in a public speaking competition** during my final year of high school. 28 | 29 | Public speaking had always been my biggest fear. I used to feel extremely nervous when speaking in front of an audience, and my hands would shake uncontrollably. However, when my teacher encouraged me to participate in the school’s annual speech contest, I decided to take on the challenge. 30 | 31 | I spent weeks preparing—practicing my speech, working on my pronunciation, and even recording myself to improve my tone and gestures. The night before the competition, I was so anxious that I could hardly sleep. But when I finally stepped onto the stage, I reminded myself to **stay calm and confident**. To my surprise, my speech went smoothly, and I even received a standing ovation from the audience. 32 | 33 | Winning the competition was a defining moment for me. It not only boosted my confidence but also helped me realize that **hard work and perseverance always pay off**. Since then, I have become much more comfortable speaking in front of others. This experience taught me that stepping out of my comfort zone can lead to **incredible personal growth**. 34 | 35 | ------ 36 | 37 | ## **3. 地点类（Places）** 38 | 39 | **题目：Describe a place you would like to visit in the future.（描述一个你想去的地方）** 40 | 41 | 📝 **范文：** 42 | One place I have always dreamed of visiting is **Switzerland**, a country known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage. 43 | 44 | Switzerland is famous for its **picturesque mountains, crystal-clear lakes, and charming cities**. I have seen countless photos and travel documentaries about this country, and every time, I am mesmerized by its beauty. One of the main reasons I want to go there is to visit the **Swiss Alps**. I would love to go skiing or simply enjoy the stunning views from a mountaintop. 45 | 46 | Apart from the scenery, I am also fascinated by Swiss culture and lifestyle. The country is known for its **efficient public transport, high-quality chocolate, and warm hospitality**. I would love to explore cities like Zurich and Geneva, where modernity blends seamlessly with tradition. 47 | 48 | Visiting Switzerland is a dream of mine, not only for the breathtaking sights but also for the experience of **being in a peaceful and well-organized country**. I hope to make this trip a reality one day. 49 | 50 | ------ 51 | 52 | ## **4. 物品类（Objects）** 53 | 54 | **题目：Describe a gift you received that was special to you.（描述一个对你来说特别的礼物）** 55 | 56 | 📝 **范文：** 57 | One of the most special gifts I have ever received is **a handmade scrapbook from my best friend**. 58 | 59 | It was a birthday gift that she gave me when we were about to graduate from high school. Inside the scrapbook, she had carefully arranged **photos, handwritten notes, and little souvenirs** from our years of friendship. Each page was decorated with colorful stickers and heartfelt messages, reminding me of all the unforgettable moments we had shared. 60 | 61 | What made this gift so meaningful was the **effort and thoughtfulness** behind it. Unlike store-bought presents, this scrapbook was truly **one of a kind**, filled with love and memories. Every time I look at it, I feel a sense of warmth and nostalgia. 62 | 63 | This gift taught me that the **most valuable presents are not necessarily the most expensive ones, but those that come from the heart**. It remains one of my most cherished possessions to this day. 64 | 65 | ------ 66 | 67 | ## **5. 媒体 & 文化（Media & Culture）** 68 | 69 | **题目：Describe a movie that left a deep impression on you.（描述一部给你留下深刻印象的电影）** 70 | 71 | 📝 **范文：** 72 | A movie that left a lasting impression on me is **“The Pursuit of Happyness”**, starring Will Smith. 73 | 74 | The movie is based on a true story and follows the life of **Chris Gardner**, a struggling salesman who faces countless hardships while trying to build a better future for himself and his son. Despite facing financial difficulties, homelessness, and numerous setbacks, he **never gives up**. His perseverance and determination eventually lead him to success. 75 | 76 | One of the most touching moments in the film is when Chris tells his son, **“Don’t ever let someone tell you that you can’t do something.”** This powerful message resonated deeply with me. It reminded me that no matter how tough life gets, if we stay determined and work hard, we can achieve our dreams. 77 | 78 | This movie is not just entertaining—it’s **incredibly inspiring**. It taught me the importance of **resilience, hard work, and believing in oneself**. I would highly recommend it to anyone looking for motivation. 79 | 80 | ------ 81 | 82 | ## **6. 未来 & 想象类（Future & Hypothetical Situations）** 83 | 84 | **题目：Describe a skill you want to learn in the future.（描述一个你未来想学的技能）** 85 | 86 | 📝 **范文：** 87 | One skill I have always wanted to learn is **playing the piano**. 88 | 89 | I have always been fascinated by how pianists can create such beautiful melodies with their fingers. Whenever I watch someone play the piano effortlessly, I feel inspired and wish I could do the same. 90 | 91 | Learning to play the piano would not only be a great way to **relax and express emotions**, but it would also **improve my concentration and patience**. However, I know that mastering this instrument requires dedication and practice. If I have the opportunity in the future, I would love to take lessons from a professional instructor. 92 | 93 | I believe that learning the piano would be **a rewarding experience**. It would allow me to **develop a new hobby, challenge myself, and appreciate music on a deeper level**. Hopefully, one day, I will be able to play my favorite songs fluently. 94 | 95 | ------ 96 | 97 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part2_意义表达.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 在英语口语中，描述**事件或人物对你的影响**时，可以使用多种表达方式，让你的回答更加生动和具体。以下是一些常见的表达方式，并按照不同的角度进行分类： 2 | 3 | ------ 4 | 5 | ### **1. 表达“对我产生了深远影响”** 6 | 7 | - **… had a profound impact on me.** 8 | *That experience had a profound impact on the way I see the world.* 9 | - **… left a lasting impression on me.** 10 | *His words left a lasting impression on me and changed my perspective.* 11 | - **… shaped who I am today.** 12 | *That challenge shaped who I am today and made me more resilient.* 13 | - **… changed my outlook on…** 14 | *That conversation changed my outlook on life.* 15 | - **… influenced me in a significant way.** 16 | *My teacher influenced me in a significant way, helping me become more confident.* 17 | - **… played a crucial role in my growth.** 18 | *That failure played a crucial role in my growth and made me stronger.* 19 | 20 | ✅ **例句**： 21 | 22 | - *Meeting her had a profound impact on me; she inspired me to pursue my dreams.* 23 | - *That book left a lasting impression on me and changed my way of thinking.* 24 | 25 | ------ 26 | 27 | ### **2. 表达“让我意识到/学到了…”** 28 | 29 | - **… made me realize that…** 30 | *Losing my first competition made me realize that failure is just a step toward success.* 31 | - **… taught me the importance of…** 32 | *That experience taught me the importance of patience and perseverance.* 33 | - **… helped me understand that…** 34 | *Living abroad helped me understand that cultural differences should be respected.* 35 | - **… opened my eyes to…** 36 | *Volunteering opened my eyes to the struggles that many people face every day.* 37 | - **… reinforced my belief in…** 38 | *His generosity reinforced my belief in the power of kindness.* 39 | 40 | ✅ **例句**： 41 | 42 | - *That difficult period made me realize how strong I actually am.* 43 | - *His encouragement taught me the importance of believing in myself.* 44 | 45 | ------ 46 | 47 | ### **3. 表达“改变了我的行为/思维方式”** 48 | 49 | - **… changed the way I think about…** 50 | *That conversation changed the way I think about success.* 51 | - **… made me more aware of…** 52 | *That accident made me more aware of the importance of safety.* 53 | - **… completely shifted my perspective on…** 54 | *Traveling abroad completely shifted my perspective on different cultures.* 55 | - **… encouraged me to…** 56 | *Her advice encouraged me to step out of my comfort zone.* 57 | - **… inspired me to…** 58 | *His story inspired me to work harder and never give up.* 59 | - **… made me rethink…** 60 | *That failure made me rethink my priorities and focus on what truly matters.* 61 | 62 | ✅ **例句**： 63 | 64 | - *That trip changed the way I see the world and made me appreciate life more.* 65 | - *His words inspired me to take action and follow my dreams.* 66 | 67 | ------ 68 | 69 | ### **4. 表达“让我变得更好/成长”** 70 | 71 | - **… helped me grow as a person.** 72 | *Overcoming that challenge helped me grow as a person.* 73 | - **… made me a stronger individual.** 74 | *Going through that hardship made me a stronger individual.* 75 | - **… helped me develop a new skill/mindset.** 76 | *That project helped me develop a more problem-solving mindset.* 77 | - **… pushed me out of my comfort zone.** 78 | *That competition pushed me out of my comfort zone and helped me gain confidence.* 79 | - **… taught me a valuable lesson about…** 80 | *Failing my first exam taught me a valuable lesson about preparation and discipline.* 81 | 82 | ✅ **例句**： 83 | 84 | - *That experience helped me grow as a person and become more independent.* 85 | - *His advice made me more confident in myself and my abilities.* 86 | 87 | ------ 88 | 89 | ### **5. 其他地道表达** 90 | 91 | #### **形容影响非常深远** 92 | 93 | - *It was a life-changing experience.*（那是一次改变人生的经历。） 94 | - *That moment was a turning point in my life.*（那一刻是我人生的转折点。） 95 | - *It left a deep mark on me.*（它在我心里留下了深刻的烙印。） 96 | - *I will never forget how it changed me.*（我永远不会忘记它是如何改变我的。） 97 | 98 | #### **形容影响较小但仍然重要** 99 | 100 | - *It gave me a new perspective on…*（它让我对……有了新的看法。） 101 | - *It slightly altered the way I think about…*（它稍微改变了我对……的看法。） 102 | - *It made me reconsider…*（它让我重新思考……。） 103 | 104 | ------ 105 | 106 | ### **示例回答：** 107 | 108 | **问题：Describe a time when someone influenced you in a positive way.** 109 | 110 | ✅ **背景**（引入话题）： 111 | *There are many people who have influenced me in different ways, but one person who had a profound impact on my life was my high school teacher, Mr. Smith. He was not only a great teacher but also a mentor who guided me during an important phase of my life.* 112 | 113 | ✅ **综述**（简要介绍影响）： 114 | *Before meeting him, I was quite unsure about my abilities and often lacked confidence in expressing my thoughts. However, he completely changed the way I viewed myself and my potential.* 115 | 116 | ✅ **细节**（具体经历）： 117 | *One day, after a class presentation, he took me aside and told me that I had the potential to be a great speaker. He encouraged me to join the debate team and guided me through every step. At first, I was hesitant, but with his continuous support and constructive feedback, I gradually gained confidence.* 118 | 119 | ✅ **感受**（主观感受）： 120 | *Thanks to him, I became much more confident and learned to express myself clearly. His encouragement not only helped me in academics but also in other aspects of life. I started believing in myself more and stopped fearing failure.* 121 | 122 | ✅ **意义**（总结影响）： 123 | *This experience taught me a valuable lesson: sometimes, all we need is a little push from someone who believes in us. Even today, I apply this lesson in my life and try to encourage others just as he encouraged me.* 124 | 125 | ------ 126 | 127 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part2_积累人物品格.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 在口语表达中，描述一个人的品格（character/personality）时，可以使用不同的表达方式。以下是一些常见的词汇、短语和句型，按照不同的性格特点进行分类，并附带示例句： 2 | 3 | ------ 4 | 5 | ### **1. 积极正面的品格 (Positive Traits)** 6 | 7 | #### **1.1 勤奋努力 (Hardworking & Determined)** 8 | 9 | - **Diligent**（勤奋的） 10 | *He is a diligent student who always completes his work on time.* 11 | - **Hardworking**（努力的） 12 | *She is one of the most hardworking employees in our company.* 13 | - **Perseverant**（有毅力的） 14 | *Despite all the difficulties, he remained perseverant and never gave up.* 15 | - **Motivated**（有动力的） 16 | *He is highly motivated to achieve his goals.* 17 | - **Committed**（有责任感的，投入的） 18 | *She is fully committed to her research and works tirelessly.* 19 | 20 | ✅ **句型**： 21 | 22 | - *He has a strong work ethic and never shies away from challenges.* 23 | - *She always goes the extra mile to ensure everything is perfect.* 24 | 25 | ------ 26 | 27 | #### **1.2 友好善良 (Kind & Friendly)** 28 | 29 | - **Warm-hearted**（热心的） 30 | *She is such a warm-hearted person who always helps others in need.* 31 | - **Compassionate**（富有同情心的） 32 | *He is very compassionate and cares deeply about those around him.* 33 | - **Generous**（慷慨的） 34 | *He is generous with both his time and resources.* 35 | - **Approachable**（平易近人的） 36 | *Despite his success, he remains approachable and easy to talk to.* 37 | - **Considerate**（体贴的） 38 | *She is very considerate and always thinks about how others feel.* 39 | 40 | ✅ **句型**： 41 | 42 | - *He has a heart of gold and never hesitates to lend a helping hand.* 43 | - *She treats everyone with kindness and respect, no matter who they are.* 44 | 45 | ------ 46 | 47 | #### **1.3 诚实可靠 (Honest & Trustworthy)** 48 | 49 | - **Honest**（诚实的） 50 | *He is an honest person who always tells the truth.* 51 | - **Trustworthy**（值得信赖的） 52 | *You can always count on her because she is extremely trustworthy.* 53 | - **Loyal**（忠诚的） 54 | *He is a loyal friend who will stand by your side no matter what.* 55 | - **Dependable**（可靠的） 56 | *She is very dependable; if she says she will do something, she will do it.* 57 | - **Responsible**（有责任心的） 58 | *He takes his responsibilities seriously and never lets people down.* 59 | 60 | ✅ **句型**： 61 | 62 | - *He is the kind of person you can always rely on.* 63 | - *Her integrity makes her stand out in the workplace.* 64 | 65 | ------ 66 | 67 | #### **1.4 聪明机智 (Intelligent & Wise)** 68 | 69 | - **Intelligent**（聪明的） 70 | *He is extremely intelligent and always comes up with creative solutions.* 71 | - **Sharp-minded**（思维敏捷的） 72 | *She is very sharp-minded and can solve complex problems quickly.* 73 | - **Insightful**（有洞察力的） 74 | *His analysis is always insightful and thought-provoking.* 75 | - **Quick-witted**（机智的） 76 | *He is quick-witted and can handle tricky situations with ease.* 77 | - **Pragmatic**（务实的） 78 | *She is pragmatic and focuses on finding practical solutions.* 79 | 80 | ✅ **句型**： 81 | 82 | - *He has a brilliant mind and can grasp new concepts effortlessly.* 83 | - *She always thinks ahead and makes wise decisions.* 84 | 85 | ------ 86 | 87 | ### **2. 消极负面的品格 (Negative Traits)** 88 | 89 | #### **2.1 懒惰消极 (Lazy & Irresponsible)** 90 | 91 | - **Lazy**（懒惰的） 92 | *He is too lazy to finish his tasks on time.* 93 | - **Irresponsible**（不负责任的） 94 | *She is irresponsible and always makes excuses for her mistakes.* 95 | - **Careless**（粗心的） 96 | *He is careless and often forgets important things.* 97 | - **Unmotivated**（缺乏动力的） 98 | *She seems unmotivated and doesn’t put much effort into her work.* 99 | 100 | ✅ **句型**： 101 | 102 | - *He lacks discipline and struggles to stay focused on his goals.* 103 | - *She doesn’t take her responsibilities seriously, which frustrates others.* 104 | 105 | ------ 106 | 107 | #### **2.2 傲慢自私 (Arrogant & Selfish)** 108 | 109 | - **Arrogant**（傲慢的） 110 | *He is arrogant and thinks he is better than everyone else.* 111 | - **Selfish**（自私的） 112 | *She only cares about herself and never considers others.* 113 | - **Stubborn**（固执的） 114 | *He is too stubborn to admit when he is wrong.* 115 | - **Bossy**（爱指挥人的） 116 | *She is bossy and always tries to control others.* 117 | - **Narrow-minded**（心胸狭窄的） 118 | *He is narrow-minded and refuses to accept different perspectives.* 119 | 120 | ✅ **句型**： 121 | 122 | - *He always thinks he knows best and never listens to advice.* 123 | - *She refuses to share credit and always wants to take all the glory.* 124 | 125 | ------ 126 | 127 | #### **2.3 缺乏耐心 (Impatient & Hot-tempered)** 128 | 129 | - **Impatient**（没有耐心的） 130 | *He is impatient and gets annoyed easily.* 131 | - **Hot-tempered**（脾气暴躁的） 132 | *She has a short fuse and loses her temper quickly.* 133 | - **Moody**（情绪化的） 134 | *His mood changes so fast that you never know how he will react.* 135 | 136 | ✅ **句型**： 137 | 138 | - *He gets frustrated over small things and can’t stay calm in tough situations.* 139 | - *Her mood swings make it difficult to communicate with her.* 140 | 141 | ------ 142 | 143 | ### **3. 其他有用的表达 (Useful Expressions)** 144 | 145 | #### **赞美某人的品格** 146 | 147 | - *He is a role model for many because of his honesty and determination.* 148 | - *She has a heart of gold and always puts others before herself.* 149 | - *His perseverance and dedication inspire me a lot.* 150 | - *She has a natural ability to make people feel comfortable around her.* 151 | 152 | #### **描述性格时的常用句型** 153 | 154 | - *One of his most admirable qualities is…*（他最令人敬佩的品质之一是……） 155 | - *She is known for being…*（她以……而闻名） 156 | - *If I had to describe him in one word, I would say he is…*（如果要用一个词形容他，我会说他是……） 157 | - *The first thing that comes to my mind when I think of her is…*（想到她时，我首先想到的是……） 158 | 159 | ------ 160 | 161 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part2_积累感受表达.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 当然！在雅思口语中，**表达感受**是非常重要的，它能让你的回答更加生动和有说服力。这里整理了一些可以积累的高分表达，按照**积极情绪、消极情绪、中性或复杂情绪**分类，供你在不同话题中灵活运用。 2 | 3 | ------ 4 | 5 | ## **🌟 积极情绪（Positive Emotions）** 6 | 7 | ### **1. 高兴 / 开心（Happiness / Joy）** 8 | 9 | - I was **on cloud nine**.（我开心极了。） 10 | - It made my day!（这让我一天都很开心！） 11 | - I couldn’t stop smiling.（我忍不住微笑。） 12 | - I was over the moon.（我高兴得不得了。） 13 | - I felt a sense of **pure delight**.（我感到一种纯粹的快乐。） 14 | - It was a **once-in-a-lifetime experience**.（这是一生一次的体验。） 15 | 16 | **例句：** 17 | When I received my university admission letter, I was **on cloud nine**. I had been working so hard for it, and finally, my effort paid off. 18 | 19 | ------ 20 | 21 | ### **2. 激动 / 兴奋（Excitement / Thrill）** 22 | 23 | - I was **pumped up** about it.（我对此充满期待。） 24 | - My heart was **racing with excitement**.（我的心因兴奋而怦怦直跳。） 25 | - I was **on the edge of my seat**.（我激动得坐立不安。） 26 | - I felt an **adrenaline rush**.（我感到肾上腺素飙升。） 27 | - It was a **breathtaking experience**.（这是一次令人激动的经历。） 28 | 29 | **例句：** 30 | The moment I stepped onto the roller coaster, I felt an **adrenaline rush**. It was both terrifying and exhilarating at the same time! 31 | 32 | ------ 33 | 34 | ### **3. 自豪 / 成就感（Pride / Accomplishment）** 35 | 36 | - I was **filled with a sense of accomplishment**.（我充满了成就感。） 37 | - I felt like I was **on top of the world**.（我感觉自己处于巅峰。） 38 | - It was a **moment of triumph**.（这是胜利的时刻。） 39 | - I couldn’t help but feel **proud of myself**.（我不由得为自己感到骄傲。） 40 | 41 | **例句：** 42 | When I won the first prize in the competition, I felt like I was **on top of the world**. All those sleepless nights preparing for it were totally worth it. 43 | 44 | ------ 45 | 46 | ### **4. 放松 / 安慰（Relaxation / Relief）** 47 | 48 | - I felt **a wave of relief** wash over me.（我感到一阵轻松。） 49 | - I could finally **breathe a sigh of relief**.（我终于松了一口气。） 50 | - It was like a **weight lifted off my shoulders**.（仿佛肩上的重担被卸下了。） 51 | - The atmosphere was so **soothing and tranquil**.（氛围非常舒缓和平静。） 52 | 53 | **例句：** 54 | After finishing my final exams, I could finally **breathe a sigh of relief**. The pressure had been intense, and I was glad it was over. 55 | 56 | ------ 57 | 58 | ## **😞 消极情绪（Negative Emotions）** 59 | 60 | ### **5. 失望 / 沮丧（Disappointment / Frustration）** 61 | 62 | - I was **devastated**.（我感到崩溃。） 63 | - It was **heartbreaking**.（这让我心碎。） 64 | - I felt like all my efforts had **gone to waste**.（我感觉所有努力都白费了。） 65 | - I couldn’t help but feel **let down**.（我不由得感到失望。） 66 | - It was such a **bitter pill to swallow**.（这实在是个难以接受的事实。） 67 | 68 | **例句：** 69 | I studied so hard for the exam, but I still didn’t get the score I wanted. It was a **bitter pill to swallow**. 70 | 71 | ------ 72 | 73 | ### **6. 焦虑 / 紧张（Anxiety / Nervousness）** 74 | 75 | - My hands were **trembling with nervousness**.（我的手因紧张而颤抖。） 76 | - I had **butterflies in my stomach**.（我感到忐忑不安。） 77 | - My heart was **pounding like a drum**.（我的心怦怦直跳。） 78 | - I was **on pins and needles**.（我紧张得坐立不安。） 79 | - I was sweating bullets.（我紧张得直冒汗。） 80 | 81 | **例句：** 82 | Before my first public speech, I had **butterflies in my stomach**. But as soon as I started talking, my confidence grew. 83 | 84 | ------ 85 | 86 | ### **7. 愤怒 / 不满（Anger / Annoyance）** 87 | 88 | - I was **boiling with rage**.（我气得快炸了。） 89 | - It was extremely **infuriating**.（这真的令人愤怒。） 90 | - I was **at my wit’s end**.（我已经忍无可忍了。） 91 | - It really **got under my skin**.（这真的让我火大。） 92 | - I was about to **lose my temper**.（我快要发火了。） 93 | 94 | **例句：** 95 | When I found out that someone had taken credit for my work, I was **boiling with rage**. It was completely unfair. 96 | 97 | ------ 98 | 99 | ## **😐 中性或复杂情绪（Neutral / Mixed Emotions）** 100 | 101 | ### **8. 震惊 / 难以置信（Shock / Surprise）** 102 | 103 | - I was **blown away**.（我惊呆了。） 104 | - I was **taken aback**.（我吓了一跳。） 105 | - It was **mind-blowing**.（这太让人震惊了。） 106 | - I couldn’t believe my eyes.（我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。） 107 | 108 | **例句：** 109 | When I saw the Northern Lights for the first time, I was **blown away** by how magical they looked. 110 | 111 | ------ 112 | 113 | ### **9. 纠结 / 矛盾（Confusion / Dilemma）** 114 | 115 | - I was **torn between two choices**.（我在两个选择之间纠结。） 116 | - I didn’t know **what to make of it**.（我不知道该怎么理解这件事。） 117 | - I was **in two minds about it**.（我对此举棋不定。） 118 | - It left me feeling **really conflicted**.（这让我感觉非常矛盾。） 119 | 120 | **例句：** 121 | I was **torn between two choices**: whether to take a stable job or follow my passion. It was a really tough decision. 122 | 123 | ------ 124 | 125 | ### **10. 尴尬 / 不知所措（Embarrassment / Awkwardness）** 126 | 127 | - I felt my **face turn red with embarrassment**.（我感到脸红。） 128 | - It was so awkward that I wanted to **disappear into thin air**.（这太尴尬了，我想消失。） 129 | - I was at a **loss for words**.（我无言以对。） 130 | - It was a **cringe-worthy moment**.（这是个让人尴尬的瞬间。） 131 | 132 | **例句：** 133 | During my first job interview, I forgot the interviewer’s name. It was such a **cringe-worthy moment**. 134 | 135 | ------ 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 在雅思口语 **Part 2** 中，**描述事件或风景带来的感受** 是提升答案质量的关键。以下是一些**万能感受表达**，可广泛应用于不同话题，分为 **事件带来的感受** 和 **风景（自然/人文）带来的感受** 两部分。 140 | 141 | ------ 142 | 143 | ## **🌟 事件带来的感受（Feelings from Events）** 144 | 145 | ### **🎉 积极感受（Positive Emotions）** 146 | 147 | ✅ **成就感 / 自豪感（Sense of Achievement / Pride）** 148 | 149 | - It gave me a **sense of accomplishment**.（这让我有成就感。） 150 | - I felt **immensely proud of myself**.（我为自己感到无比自豪。） 151 | - It was a **moment of triumph**.（那是个胜利的时刻。） 152 | - I had a strong sense of **personal growth**.（我感受到很大的个人成长。） 153 | 154 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 一次成功的经历、克服挑战、赢得比赛、完成某个目标 155 | 156 | ------ 157 | 158 | ✅ **兴奋 / 激动（Excitement / Thrill）** 159 | 160 | - My heart was **pounding with excitement**.（我的心因激动而怦怦直跳。） 161 | - I felt an **adrenaline rush**.（我感到肾上腺素飙升。） 162 | - It was a **once-in-a-lifetime experience**.（这是一生难忘的经历。） 163 | - I was **on the edge of my seat**.（我激动得坐立不安。） 164 | 165 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 观看演唱会、极限运动、旅行探险、遇到偶像 166 | 167 | ------ 168 | 169 | ✅ **感动 / 触动（Touched / Moved）** 170 | 171 | - It was a **heartwarming experience**.（这是一次温暖人心的经历。） 172 | - I was deeply **moved by the kindness**.（我被那份善意深深感动。） 173 | - It brought **tears to my eyes**.（这让我热泪盈眶。） 174 | - I felt a deep sense of **gratitude and appreciation**.（我感到无比感激。） 175 | 176 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 收到意想不到的帮助、亲密的家庭时刻、观看感人电影 177 | 178 | ------ 179 | 180 | ✅ **轻松 / 放松（Relaxation / Relief）** 181 | 182 | - I could finally **breathe a sigh of relief**.（我终于松了口气。） 183 | - It was like a **weight had been lifted off my shoulders**.（仿佛卸下了重担。） 184 | - I felt a deep sense of **inner peace**.（我感到内心非常平静。） 185 | - It was incredibly **rejuvenating**.（这让我精神焕发。） 186 | 187 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 考试结束、完成任务、泡温泉、度假 188 | 189 | ------ 190 | 191 | ### **😞 消极感受（Negative Emotions）** 192 | 193 | ❌ **失望 / 沮丧（Disappointment / Frustration）** 194 | 195 | - I felt **let down**.（我感到很失望。） 196 | - It was a **bitter pill to swallow**.（这是一件难以接受的事。） 197 | - I was **devastated**.（我感到崩溃。） 198 | - It made me feel like **all my efforts had gone to waste**.（这让我感觉所有努力都白费了。） 199 | 200 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 失败的经历、错过重要机会、不愉快的购物经历 201 | 202 | ------ 203 | 204 | ❌ **尴尬 / 不知所措（Embarrassment / Awkwardness）** 205 | 206 | - My face **turned red with embarrassment**.（我尴尬得脸都红了。） 207 | - I wanted to **disappear into thin air**.（我恨不得找个地缝钻进去。） 208 | - It was a **cringe-worthy moment**.（这是个令人尴尬的瞬间。） 209 | - I was **at a loss for words**.（我无言以对。） 210 | 211 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 公开演讲出错、社交尴尬时刻、误解别人的话 212 | 213 | ------ 214 | 215 | ## **🌿 风景（自然 / 人文）带来的感受（Feelings from Scenery）** 216 | 217 | ### **🏞 自然景观（Natural Scenery）** 218 | 219 | ✅ **震撼 / 壮观（Awe / Wonder）** 220 | 221 | - I was **blown away by the breathtaking view**.（这壮丽的景色让我惊叹不已。） 222 | - The scenery was **beyond words**.（这景色美得无法用语言形容。） 223 | - It was a **once-in-a-lifetime sight**.（这是一生难得一见的景象。） 224 | - I felt so **insignificant in front of nature’s grandeur**.（在大自然的壮丽面前，我感到自己如此渺小。） 225 | 226 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 高山、海滩、极光、沙漠、日出日落 227 | 228 | ------ 229 | 230 | ✅ **宁静 / 放松（Tranquility / Peacefulness）** 231 | 232 | - The place had a **calming effect on me**.（这地方让我感到宁静。） 233 | - I was surrounded by a **serene and tranquil atmosphere**.（我被宁静祥和的氛围包围。） 234 | - The gentle breeze and the sound of birds **soothed my mind**.（微风和鸟鸣声让我心情舒畅。） 235 | - It felt like an **escape from the hustle and bustle of city life**.（这像是从城市喧嚣中的一次逃离。） 236 | 237 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 乡村度假、湖边露营、森林徒步 238 | 239 | ------ 240 | 241 | ### **🏛 人文景观（Cultural & Historical Sites）** 242 | 243 | ✅ **震撼 / 敬畏（Amazement / Respect）** 244 | 245 | - The architecture was **a masterpiece of human craftsmanship**.（这建筑是人类工艺的杰作。） 246 | - I was **deeply impressed by the historical significance of the place**.（这个地方的历史意义让我印象深刻。） 247 | - It felt like **stepping back in time**.（这感觉就像穿越回过去。） 248 | - I could almost **hear the echoes of history**.（我仿佛能听见历史的回响。） 249 | 250 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 长城、故宫、欧洲古堡、罗马斗兽场 251 | 252 | ------ 253 | 254 | ✅ **沉浸 / 文化魅力（Immersion / Cultural Charm）** 255 | 256 | - The atmosphere was **brimming with cultural charm**.（这里的氛围充满了文化魅力。） 257 | - I was **completely immersed in the local traditions**.（我完全沉浸在当地的传统中。） 258 | - It gave me a **deeper appreciation of the country’s heritage**.（这让我对这个国家的文化遗产有了更深的理解。） 259 | - The experience **broadened my horizons**.（这次经历拓宽了我的视野。） 260 | 261 | 🎤 **适用话题：** 博物馆参观、节日庆典、街头艺术 262 | 263 | ------ 264 | 265 | ## **💡 如何使用这些表达？** 266 | 267 | 1. **准备 Part 2 答案时，优先选择适合的感受表达。** 268 | 2. **用不同的感受丰富你的描述，避免单调。** 269 | 3. **用感受+具体例子展开回答，让故事更生动。** 270 | 271 | **示例：** 272 | *"When I first saw the Great Wall, I was **blown away by its grandeur**. The history behind it made me feel like I was **stepping back in time**. Standing there, I felt a **deep respect for the ancient people who built it**."* 273 | 274 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Speaking Part/Part3_部分类型示例.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 当然有！雅思口语Part 3主要考察你的**思辨能力、逻辑表达和观点支持**，高分回答需要做到以下几点： 2 | 3 | 1. **逻辑清晰**（结构化回答：先给出观点，再解释原因，最后举例支持） 4 | 2. **多样化表达**（使用不同句型和高级词汇，如短语、习语、固定搭配） 5 | 3. **观点有深度**（可以从社会、经济、文化、科技等不同角度分析） 6 | 7 | ------ 8 | 9 | ## **🔥 高分表达结构（万能模板）** 10 | 11 | 👀 **回答结构：** 12 | 13 | 1. **观点**（直接回答问题） 14 | 2. **原因**（解释你的观点） 15 | 3. **举例**（用具体例子支撑） 16 | 4. **补充观点**（提出不同角度，体现批判性思维） 17 | 18 | 🔹 **实用连接词：** 19 | 20 | - **引入观点**：I personally believe that… / In my opinion… / From my perspective… 21 | - **解释原因**：This is because… / One of the main reasons is that… / The primary reason is… 22 | - **举例支持**：For instance… / A good example of this would be… / Take … as an example… 23 | - **补充观点**：However, others may argue that… / On the other hand… / That being said… 24 | 25 | ------ 26 | 27 | ## **🔥 高分话题示例** 28 | 29 | ### **话题1：科技对社会的影响** 30 | 31 | **问题：Do you think technology has improved our lives?（你认为科技改善了我们的生活吗？）** 32 | 33 | 📝 **高分答案：** Absolutely! I firmly believe that technology has had a **profoundly positive impact** on our lives. 34 | **Firstly**, it has **revolutionized communication**. In the past, people relied on letters or landline phones, but now we can connect instantly through video calls and messaging apps. 35 | **Secondly**, technology has significantly improved **healthcare**. Medical advancements, such as robotic surgery and AI-assisted diagnosis, have **increased the accuracy of treatments and saved countless lives**. 36 | **For instance**, telemedicine allows patients in remote areas to consult specialists without traveling long distances. 37 | **That being said**, there are some concerns regarding **technology addiction and privacy issues**, but overall, I believe its benefits far outweigh the drawbacks. 38 | 39 | **💡 高分亮点：** 40 | 41 | - **高级词汇**：revolutionized, profoundly positive impact, significantly improved 42 | - **多样化句型**：使用 Firstly, Secondly, For instance 使逻辑清晰 43 | - **批判性思维**：提到了科技的负面影响，但强调“benefits outweigh the drawbacks” 44 | 45 | ------ 46 | 47 | ### **话题2：职业发展** 48 | 49 | **问题：What factors influence a person’s career choice?（哪些因素会影响一个人的职业选择？）** 50 | 51 | 📝 **高分答案：** Well, I think there are several key factors that influence a person’s career choice. 52 | **Firstly, personal interest plays a crucial role**. If someone is passionate about their job, they are more likely to stay motivated and excel in their field. 53 | **Secondly, financial stability is another major factor**. Many people prioritize high-paying jobs to ensure a comfortable lifestyle. 54 | **For example**, a student who enjoys painting might still choose a career in finance due to better job prospects and higher salaries. 55 | **Additionally, societal expectations and family influence can also shape career decisions**. In some cultures, parents encourage their children to pursue prestigious careers like medicine or law. 56 | **Overall, while financial incentives are important, I believe job satisfaction should be the top priority**. 57 | 58 | **💡 高分亮点：** 59 | 60 | - **逻辑清晰**：个人兴趣 ➝ 经济因素 ➝ 社会影响 61 | - **高级词汇**：financial stability, job prospects, prestigious careers 62 | - **批判性思维**：提出家庭影响，并强调个人兴趣的重要性 63 | 64 | ------ 65 | 66 | ### **话题3：环保与可持续发展** 67 | 68 | **问题：What can individuals do to protect the environment?（个人可以做什么来保护环境？）** 69 | 70 | 📝 **高分答案：** There are many things individuals can do to help protect the environment. 71 | **One of the most effective ways is reducing waste**. People can use reusable bags, avoid single-use plastics, and recycle properly. 72 | **Another important step is conserving energy**. Simple actions like turning off unnecessary lights, using public transport, or opting for renewable energy sources can make a significant difference. 73 | **For instance**, in some countries, people are encouraged to ride bicycles instead of driving to reduce carbon emissions. 74 | **However, while individual efforts are important, government policies and corporate responsibility also play a crucial role in achieving long-term environmental sustainability**. 75 | 76 | **💡 高分亮点：** 77 | 78 | - **具体可行的建议**：减少浪费、节约能源 79 | - **高级词汇**：carbon emissions, renewable energy sources, long-term sustainability 80 | - **拓展思路**：提到政府和企业的责任，体现批判性思维 81 | 82 | ------ 83 | 84 | ### **话题4：社交与人际关系** 85 | 86 | **问题：Do you think face-to-face communication is better than online communication?（你认为面对面交流比线上交流更好吗？）** 87 | 88 | 📝 **高分答案：** I believe both forms of communication have their own advantages, but face-to-face interaction is generally more effective. 89 | **First of all, in-person communication allows people to express emotions more clearly**. Body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice all contribute to better understanding. 90 | **Moreover, face-to-face conversations are less likely to be misunderstood** compared to text messages, which often lack emotional depth. 91 | **For example**, a simple text saying "I'm fine" can have multiple meanings depending on the context. 92 | **However, online communication is undoubtedly more convenient**, especially for long-distance relationships. Video calls and instant messaging enable people to stay connected despite geographical barriers. 93 | **In my opinion, while digital communication is useful, nothing can truly replace the warmth and authenticity of face-to-face interactions.** 94 | 95 | **💡 高分亮点：** 96 | 97 | - **高级词汇**：emotional depth, geographical barriers, authenticity 98 | - **高阶句型**：对比 in-person & online communication，逻辑清晰 99 | - **深入分析**：既提到面对面的优点，也承认线上交流的便利性 100 | 101 | ------ 102 | 103 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C10_Stuff Materials.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## merchandise 2 | 3 | n.商品 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## artefact 8 | 9 | = artifact n.人造物品；手工艺品 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ## crude 14 | 15 | n. 必需品，必不可少的事物；必要 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## utensil 20 | 21 | n.（家庭）用具，器皿 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## detergent 26 | 27 | n.洗涤剂 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## tub 32 | 33 | n.桶，盆；[美]浴缸，浴盆 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## 垫子、毯子 38 | 39 | ==rug n.小地毯；小毯子== 40 | 41 | ==carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯== 42 | 43 | ==mat n.地垫，地席== 44 | 45 | ==cushion n.软垫== 46 | 47 | ==pad n. 衬垫，垫；便签本 v. 填塞== 48 | 49 | ==blanket n.毛毯，毯子== 50 | 51 | ==quilt n.被子== 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | ## staple 56 | 57 | n.订书机；主要部分 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## strand 62 | 63 | n. 缕，股；滨，岸 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## portfolio 68 | 69 | n.文件夹，公事包 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## stationery 74 | 75 | n.文具；信纸 76 | 77 | stationer n. 文具店 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## rim 82 | 83 | n.（圆形物的）边缘，外缘 84 | 85 | ~edge n. 边缘（∟） 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## shutter 90 | 91 | n. 百叶窗；相机快门 92 | 93 | v.停止营业 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## pane 98 | 99 | n. （一块）窗玻璃 100 | 101 | a pane of glass 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## opacity 106 | 107 | /opeisity/ 108 | 109 | n. 不透明性 110 | 111 | opaque n.不透明物 adj. 不透明的 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | ## 桶 116 | 117 | barrel n. 桶 118 | 119 | bucket n.（有提手的）桶 120 | 121 | a drop in the bucket 沧海一粟 122 | 123 | pail n.[美]（金属或木制的）桶，提桶 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## portable 128 | 129 | adj.手提式的，便携式的 130 | 131 | portable computers 便携式电脑 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## hurdle 136 | 137 | n.栏架；跨栏赛跑 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## stool 142 | 143 | n. 凳子 144 | 145 | Because of that stool and a pair of computers, I gained a best friend. 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ## dredge 150 | 151 | n. 挖泥船，挖掘机 152 | 153 | v.挖掘；撒 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | ## mill 158 | 159 | n.磨粉机；磨坊 160 | 161 | v. 磨坊 162 | 163 | v. 碾碎；无目的地乱转 164 | 165 | Corn is ground into flour in a mill. 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | ## forge 170 | 171 | n. 锻铁炉 172 | 173 | v.锻造；伪造 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | ## alloy 178 | 179 | n. 合金；（金属的）成色 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | ## brass 184 | 185 | n.黄铜；黄铜制品 186 | 187 | ==bronze n.青铜；青铜艺术品== 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | ## plaster 192 | 193 | n.灰泥；熟石膏 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## weave 198 | 199 | v.编织；编造 200 | 201 | We are weaving garlands of flowers for heroes. 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## linen 206 | 207 | n. 亚麻布；亚麻制品 208 | 209 | fine linen 细亚麻布 210 | 211 | fresh linen 干净的床单和枕套 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | ## lumber 216 | 217 | n.木材，木料 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | ## pit 222 | 223 | n. 深坑；煤矿；潜在危险 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | ## inferior 228 | 229 | adj.差的；下级的，低等的 230 | 231 | n.级别低的人；次品 232 | 233 | inferiority n. 低等，劣等 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | ## counterfeit 238 | 239 | adj. 假冒的 240 | 241 | v.伪造 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | ## miniature 246 | 247 | adj. 微型的，很小的 248 | 249 | n. 缩微模型；微型画 250 | 251 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C11_Fashion Trends.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## vogue 2 | 3 | n. 流行 4 | 5 | in vogue 流行的 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## prevail 10 | 11 | v. 盛行；获胜 12 | 13 | prevalence n. 流行，普遍存在 14 | 15 | prevailing adj. 盛行的 16 | 17 | prevail over/against 压倒，战胜 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## icon 22 | 23 | n. 偶像；图标 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ## extravagant 28 | 29 | adj. 奢侈的；过分的 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## adorn 34 | 35 | v. 装饰，装扮 36 | 37 | ==ornament n. 装饰品 v. 装饰== 38 | 39 | ==embellish v.修饰== 40 | 41 | ==embroider v. 对（故事等）加以渲染；在……上刺绣== 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## pigment 46 | 47 | n. 色素；颜料 48 | 49 | ==dye n. 染料 ；颜色 v. 染== 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## masquerade 54 | 55 | n.化妆舞会 56 | 57 | v. 化装；假扮 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## veil 62 | 63 | n. 面纱；遮蔽物 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## decent 68 | 69 | adj. 得体的；尚好的 70 | 71 | indecent adj. 下流的 72 | 73 | ==exquisite adj. 精致的；雅致的== 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## cosmetics 78 | 79 | n. 化妆品 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | ## 表达外貌好看 84 | 85 | handsome adj. 数量大的；英俊的 86 | 87 | charming adj. 迷人的 88 | 89 | Prince Charming 白马王子 90 | 91 | pretty adj. 漂亮的 adv.相当地 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## garment 96 | 97 | n. 衣服 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## robe 102 | 103 | n. 长袍；浴袍 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## gown 108 | 109 | n. 长外衣；女礼服 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## clasp 114 | 115 | n. 搭扣 116 | 117 | v. 扣住 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | ## brim 122 | 123 | n. 边缘；帽檐 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## vest 128 | 129 | n. [英]汗衫；[美]西装背心 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | ## collar 134 | 135 | n. 衣领；项圈 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | ## lace 140 | 141 | n.鞋带；花边 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | ## strap 146 | 147 | n. 带子 148 | 149 | v.用带子系 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | ## stripe 154 | 155 | n. 条纹 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ## ribbon 160 | 161 | n. 缎带，丝带 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | ## bead 166 | 167 | n. 珠子；小滴 168 | 169 | v.形成珠状 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## textile 174 | 175 | n. 纺织品 176 | 177 | adj. 纺织的 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | ## rag 182 | 183 | n. 破布 184 | 185 | ragged adj. 破旧的 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | ## tan 190 | 191 | adj. 棕黄色的 192 | 193 | n. 棕黄色；晒成的棕褐色 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## stain 198 | 199 | v. 染污 200 | 201 | n. 污渍 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## blot 206 | 207 | n. 污点 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## slender 212 | 213 | adj. 苗条的；微弱的 214 | 215 | ==slight adj. 纤细的；轻微的== 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C12_Eating Healthy.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## appetite 2 | 3 | n.食欲；强烈欲望 4 | 5 | have a bad appetite 没有食欲 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## mackerel 10 | 11 | n.鲱鱼 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## cater 16 | 17 | v.为……提供饮食；满足……的需要 18 | 19 | cater to/for 满足……的需要 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ## refectory 24 | 25 | n. 食堂，餐厅 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ## banquet 30 | 31 | n. 宴会 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | ## gourmet 36 | 37 | n. 美食家 adj. 美味佳肴的 38 | 39 | gourmet food 美味佳肴 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## cutlery 44 | 45 | n.餐具；刀具 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | ## ceramic 50 | 51 | adj. 陶瓷的 52 | 53 | n. 陶瓷制品 54 | 55 | ==porcelain n.瓷器；瓷== 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## saucer 60 | 61 | n. 茶托，茶碟 62 | 63 | ==tray n. 盘，托盘== 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## mug 68 | 69 | n. 大杯，马克杯 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## furnace 74 | 75 | n.熔炉 76 | 77 | ==oven n. 烤炉，烤箱== 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## lid 82 | 83 | n. 盖子 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## beverage 88 | 89 | n.（水以外的）饮料 90 | 91 | alcoholic beverage 酒精饮料 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## liquor 96 | 97 | n. 烈性酒 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## brandy 102 | 103 | n. 白兰地酒 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## sober 108 | 109 | adj. 清醒的；头脑清醒的 110 | 111 | v. 醒酒 112 | 113 | sober up 醒酒 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | ## cabbage 118 | 119 | n. 洋白菜，卷心菜，甘蓝 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## turnip 124 | 125 | n. 芜菁 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | ## radish 130 | 131 | n. 樱桃萝卜 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## peel 136 | 137 | v. 剥皮 138 | 139 | n. 水果皮 140 | 141 | ==strip v. 剥去，除去 n. 条，带== 142 | 143 | stripper 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## hull 148 | 149 | n. （果实等的）外壳；船体 150 | 151 | v. 剥去（果实等的）外壳 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | ## papaya 156 | 157 | n. 番木瓜 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ## plum 162 | 163 | n. 李子；梅子 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## kiwi 168 | 169 | n.猕猴桃，奇异果 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## wheat 174 | 175 | n. 小麦 176 | 177 | ==grain n.谷物；颗粒== 178 | 179 | a grain of 一点，些微；一粒 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | ## paste 184 | 185 | n. 面团 186 | 187 | make/mix a paste 和面 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | ## mutton 192 | 193 | n. 羊肉 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## loaf 198 | 199 | n. 一条面包 200 | 201 | v. 游荡，闲逛 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## scallion 206 | 207 | n. 大葱 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## soak 212 | 213 | v. 浸泡；使湿透 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | ## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C13_Architecture Venue.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## architecture 2 | 3 | n. 建筑风格；建筑学 4 | 5 | ==erection n. 建筑，建造== 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## obstruct 10 | 11 | v. 阻碍；妨碍 12 | 13 | obstacle n. 障碍；障碍物 14 | 15 | obstruction n. 妨碍 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## venue 20 | 21 | n. 发生地点，举行场所 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## reside 26 | 27 | v. 居住 28 | 29 | residence n. 居住；住处 30 | 31 | residential adj. 住宅的，适合居住的 32 | 33 | ==dwelling n. 住所== 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## skyscraper 38 | 39 | n. 摩天大楼 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## mansion 44 | 45 | n.宅第，公馆 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | ## logde 50 | 51 | v. 租住 52 | 53 | n. 小屋；度假屋 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ## hut 58 | 59 | n. 小屋，棚屋 60 | 61 | ==shed n. 简易房，棚 v.流，洒；摆脱== 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ## cellar 66 | 67 | n. 地窖，地下室 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## corridor 72 | 73 | n. 走廊，通道 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## storey 78 | 79 | n. 楼层 80 | 81 | ~story 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | ## pillar 86 | 87 | n. 柱子；中坚，栋梁 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | ## vault 92 | 93 | n. 拱顶；金库，保险库 94 | 95 | vaulted adj. 有拱顶的，拱形的 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## eaves 100 | 101 | n.屋檐 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## chimney 106 | 107 | n. 烟囱 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ## parlour 112 | 113 | n. 客厅 114 | 115 | =parlor 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ## cabinet 120 | 121 | n. 储藏柜；内阁 122 | 123 | a cabinet meeting 内阁会议 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## terrace 128 | 129 | n. 大阳台，露天平台 130 | 131 | ==balcony n. 阳台== 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## lavatory 136 | 137 | n. 盥洗室，厕所 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## basin 142 | 143 | n. 盆；盆地 144 | 145 | ==washbowl n. 洗脸盆== 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ## booth 150 | 151 | n. 售货摊；电话亭；小隔间 152 | 153 | a telephone booth 电话亭 154 | 155 | a photo booth 自主快照亭 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ## downtown 160 | 161 | n. 市中心 162 | 163 | adj. 市中心的 164 | 165 | ~uptown n. 郊区/非市中心 166 | 167 | 在美国坐地铁要知道往哪个方向坐捏 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | ## peripheral 172 | 173 | adj. 外围的 174 | 175 | n. 外围设备 176 | 177 | periphery n. 外围，边缘 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | ## vivinity 182 | 183 | n. 附近，邻近地区 184 | 185 | in the vicinity of 在……附近 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | ## spacious 190 | 191 | adj. 宽敞的 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | ## expanse 196 | 197 | n. 广阔，辽阔 198 | 199 | expansion n. 膨胀，扩展，扩大 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | ## carpenter 204 | 205 | n. 木匠 206 | 207 | 208 | 209 | ## mason 210 | 211 | masonry n. 砖石建筑；石工行业 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | ## suspension 216 | 217 | n. 暂缓；暂令停职 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | ## lever 222 | 223 | n. 杠杆 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | ## scaffold 228 | 229 | n. 脚手架；绞刑架 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | ## apparatus 234 | 235 | n. 器械，装置 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | ## malfunction 240 | 241 | v. 发生故障 242 | 243 | ~mal 指“坏的”，糟糕的 244 | 245 | malnutrition n. 营养不良的 246 | 247 | maltreat n. 虐待 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | ## mend 252 | 253 | v. 修理；使康复 254 | 255 | ==maintain v. 维持；维修；坚称== 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | ## trim 260 | 261 | v. 修剪；装饰 262 | 263 | adj. 整齐的，简洁的 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | ## weld 268 | 269 | v. 焊接；使紧密结合 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | ## plumb 274 | 275 | n. 铅锤 276 | 277 | v. 用铅垂线校正 278 | 279 | 280 | 281 | ## viaduct 282 | 283 | n. 高架桥 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | ## 288 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C14_Transportation Tourism.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## safari 2 | 3 | n. 观兽旅行 4 | 5 | be/go on a safari 进行观兽旅行 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## rack 10 | 11 | n. 搁物架，挂物架 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## freight 16 | 17 | n. 货物；货物 18 | 19 | v. 运送（货物） 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ## fare 24 | 25 | n. 车费，路费 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ## itinerary 30 | 31 | n. 行程，路线 32 | 33 | ==route n. 路线== 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## curb 38 | 39 | n. 路缘；起控制作用的事物 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## tram 44 | 45 | n. [尤英]有轨电车 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | ## wagon 50 | 51 | n. 四轮运货马车（牛车）；[英]（火车的）火车车厢 52 | 53 | ==carriage n. 四轮马车；[英]（客运火车的）车厢== 54 | 55 | ==cart n. 运货马车== 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## pedicab 60 | 61 | n. pedicab 62 | 63 | n. （人力）三轮车 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## submerge 68 | 69 | v. （使）浸没；掩盖 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## canoe 74 | 75 | n. 独木舟 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## oar 80 | 81 | n. 桨 82 | 83 | v. 用桨划（船） 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## turbine 88 | 89 | n. 涡轮机 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | ## propeller 94 | 95 | n. 螺旋桨；推进器 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## stern 100 | 101 | n. 船尾 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## embark 106 | 107 | v. 上船（或飞机等）；开始做 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ## ditch 112 | 113 | n. 沟，渠 114 | 115 | v. 抛弃 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ## defer 120 | 121 | v. 推迟，拖延 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | ## lull 126 | 127 | n. 暂停，暂时平静期 128 | 129 | v. 使昏昏欲睡 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | ## parcel 134 | 135 | v. 打包，包 136 | 137 | n. （土地的）一块；[尤英]包裹 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## 142 | 143 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C15_Country Government.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## regime 2 | 3 | n. 统治制度，政权，政体 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## hierarchy 8 | 9 | n. 等级制度；统治集团 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ## bureaucracy 14 | 15 | n. 官僚制度；官僚作风 16 | 17 | bureaucratism n. 官僚主义 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## egalitarian 22 | 23 | adj. 平等主义的 24 | 25 | n. 平等主义者 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ## materialism 30 | 31 | n. 唯物主义；唯物论 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | ## municipal 36 | 37 | adj. 市政的，地方政府的 38 | 39 | a municipal government 市政府 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## bilateral 44 | 45 | adj. 双边的 46 | 47 | a bilateral agreement 双边协定 48 | 49 | bilateral negotiations 双边谈判 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## senate 54 | 55 | n. 大学理事会；参议院 56 | 57 | disband a senate 解散理事会 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## delegation 62 | 63 | n. 代表派；委派 64 | 65 | delegate v. 委派 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## bureau 70 | 71 | n. 局，处，科；办事处 72 | 73 | bureaucracy n. 官僚制度；官僚作风 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## consortium 78 | 79 | n. 财团，联营企业 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | ## emigrate 84 | 85 | v. 移居国外 86 | 87 | emigration n. 移居国外 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | ## wreath 92 | 93 | n. 花环，花冠；花圈 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## slum 98 | 99 | n. 贫民窟 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | ## asylum 104 | 105 | n. 庇护；精神病院 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | ## demographic 110 | 111 | adj. 人口学的。人口统计学的 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | ## franchise 117 | 118 | v. 出售……的特许经营权 119 | 120 | n. 特许权；选举权 121 | 122 | franchiser n. 授予（他人）特许权者 123 | 124 | franchise one's business 出售某人公司业务的特许经营权 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | ## poll 129 | 130 | n. 民意调查；选举投票；投票数 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | ## nominate 135 | 136 | v. 提名；任命 137 | 138 | nomination n.提名；任命 139 | 140 | nominate sb. for 提名某人为……的候选人 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | ## succession 145 | 146 | n. 连续，；继承权，继位 147 | 148 | successive adj. 连续的 149 | 150 | claim the succession 要求拥有继承权 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | ## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C16_Society Economy.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## endow 2 | 3 | v. 捐赠；赋予 4 | 5 | endowment n. 捐赠，捐款；天赋 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## lease 10 | 11 | n. 租约 12 | 13 | v. 出租；租用 14 | 15 | leaseholder n. 租凭人 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## voucher 20 | 21 | n. 代金券 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## coupon 26 | 27 | n. 优惠劵 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## invoice 32 | 33 | n. 发票 34 | 35 | v. 开发票给 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | ## levy 40 | 41 | n. 税款 42 | 43 | v. 征收，征（税） 44 | 45 | impose a levy on sth. 对某物征税 46 | 47 | ==tariff n. 关税；（公共服务的）收费== 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## impose 52 | 53 | v. 强加；征收（税款） 54 | 55 | impose a penality 处以罚金 56 | 57 | impose a tax 征税 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## revenue 62 | 63 | n. （公司、组织的）收入；（政府的）税收，财政收入 64 | 65 | a revenue officer 税务员 66 | 67 | tax revenue 税收 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## gross 72 | 73 | adj. 总的，毛的 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## bond 78 | 79 | n. 债券 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | ## deficit 84 | 85 | n. 赤字，逆差 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## dwindle 90 | 91 | v. 缩小，减少 92 | 93 | dwindle away 渐渐减少 94 | 95 | ==diminish v. 使减少；贬低== 96 | 97 | ==downsize v. 使精简；裁员== 98 | 99 | ==decline v./n. 下降== 100 | 101 | ==reduce n./v. 减少== 102 | 103 | ==descend v. 下降，下来== 104 | 105 | ## escalate 106 | 107 | v. （使）逐步升级，（使）不断恶化 108 | 109 | ~escalator n. 手扶梯 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | ## affluent 115 | 116 | adj. 富裕的，富足的 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | ## adequate 121 | 122 | adj. 足够的；合格的 123 | 124 | inadequate adj. 不够格的；不充分的 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | ## redundant 129 | 130 | adj. 多余的；被裁减的 131 | 132 | redundancy n. 裁员 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | ## auction 137 | 138 | v./n. 拍卖 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | ## bid 143 | 144 | v./n. 出价；投标 145 | 146 | bidder n. 投标者；出价者 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | ## turnover 151 | 152 | n. （人员）流动率；营业额；营业额 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | ## dump 157 | 158 | v. 丢弃，倾倒；倾销 159 | 160 | dump into 向……倾销 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | ## dividend 165 | 166 | n. 股息，红利 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | ## instalment 171 | 172 | n. （分期付款的）一期付款 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 | ## cheque = check 177 | 178 | n. 支票 179 | 180 | cash a cheque 兑现支票 181 | 182 | write/sign a cheque 开/签支票 183 | 184 | dishonour a cheque 拒绝兑现支票 185 | 186 | a bad cheque 不能兑现的支票 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | ## shilling 191 | 192 | n. 先令 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | ## estate 197 | 198 | n. 地产；遗产 199 | 200 | real estate n. 房地产 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | ## incentive 205 | 206 | n. 刺激，激励 207 | 208 | an incentive to 激励……的措施 209 | 210 | chief/main/major incentive 主要的激励措施 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | ## prompt 215 | 216 | v. 促使 217 | 218 | adj. 迅速的 219 | 220 | promptly adv. 立即 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | ## wage 225 | 226 | n. （通常指按周领的）工钱 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | ## reimburse 231 | 232 | v. 赔偿，补偿 233 | 234 | reimbursement n. 赔偿，赔付 235 | 236 | reimburse sb. for sth. 向某人赔偿损失 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | ## remuneration 241 | 242 | n. 报酬 243 | 244 | remunerate v. 给……报酬 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | ## subsidy 249 | 250 | n. 津贴，补贴 251 | 252 | subsidise v. 资助，给……发津贴 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | ## undertaking 257 | 258 | n. 任务，事业；许诺，保证 259 | 260 | a written undertaking 书面保证 261 | 262 | an undertaking clause 承诺条款 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | ## vocation 267 | 268 | n. （认为特别适合自己的）职业；使命感 269 | 270 | 271 | 272 | ## resume 273 | 274 | n. （求职用的）履历，简历；摘要 275 | 276 | 277 | 278 | ## lay-off 279 | 280 | n. （因岗位不足的）解雇，裁员；歇工期 281 | 282 | 283 | 284 | ## resign 285 | 286 | v. 辞去，辞职 287 | 288 | resignation n. 辞职；辞呈 289 | 290 | 291 | 292 | ## sanction 293 | 294 | n. 批准；制裁 295 | 296 | v. 批准；对……实施制裁 297 | 298 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C17_Laws Regulations.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## treaty 2 | 3 | n. 条约；协议 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## charter 8 | 9 | n. 宪章 10 | 11 | v. 租，包（船，车，飞机等） 12 | 13 | draft a charter 起草宪章 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ## protocol 18 | 19 | n. 协议书，协议；礼仪 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ## default 24 | 25 | v. 不支付，不履行 26 | 27 | n. 违约；默认值 28 | 29 | in default of 因为没有...... 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## mandatory 34 | 35 | adj. 法定的，强制的 36 | 37 | mandate v. 强制执行 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | ## potent 42 | 43 | adj. 很有效的，强有力的 44 | 45 | impotent adj. 无能为力的 46 | 47 | ==区别于important== 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## enact 52 | 53 | v. 通过（法律）；表演 54 | 55 | This country has just enacted a law allowing same-sex marriage. 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## sue 60 | 61 | v. 控告，提起诉讼；提出请求 62 | 63 | sue sb. for 控告某人 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## prosecute 68 | 69 | v. 检举，起诉 70 | 71 | prosecution n. 起诉 72 | 73 | prosecutor n. 检察官；公诉人 74 | 75 | persecute v. 迫害 76 | 77 | persecution n. 迫害 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## legislate 82 | 83 | v. 立法，制定（或通过）法律 84 | 85 | legislation n. 立法；法律 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## boycott 90 | 91 | n./v. 抵制，拒绝购买 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## session 96 | 97 | n. 会议；会期 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## mediate 102 | 103 | v. 盘旋，调解 104 | 105 | mediate between 在……之间进行调解 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | ## plea 110 | 111 | n. 辩解理由，借口；请求 112 | 113 | make a plea for 恳求，请求 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | ## jury 118 | 119 | n. 陪审团；（比赛的）评判委员会 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## bribe 124 | 125 | n. 贿赂 126 | 127 | v. 向……行贿 128 | 129 | bribery n. 贿赂行为 130 | 131 | bribee n. 受贿者 132 | 133 | briber n. 行贿者 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | ## deceive 138 | 139 | v.欺骗；蒙蔽，误导 140 | 141 | deceit n. 欺骗，欺诈 142 | 143 | deceive sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## fraud 148 | 149 | n. 骗子；赝品；欺诈 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | ## stigma 154 | 155 | n. 耻辱，污名 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ## confess 160 | 161 | v. 供认；忏悔 162 | 163 | confession n. 招供，供词；承认 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## reconcile 168 | 169 | v. 使和解；调和 170 | 171 | be reconciled with sb. 与某人和解 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | ## succumb 176 | 177 | v. 屈服，屈从 178 | 179 | succumb to 屈服于 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | ## anonymous 184 | 185 | adj. 匿名的 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | ## petition 190 | 191 | v. 请求 192 | 193 | n. 请愿书；上诉 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C18_BattleField Contention.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## raid 2 | 3 | n./ v. 突袭；突然搜查 4 | 5 | carry out a raid 实施突然袭击 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## enormity 10 | 11 | n. 巨大；滔天大罪 12 | 13 | the enormity of the task 任务的艰巨性 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ## blast 18 | 19 | n. 爆炸 20 | 21 | v. 爆炸，炸毁 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## missile 26 | 27 | n. 导弹；投掷物 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## deflect 32 | 33 | v. （使）偏斜，（使）偏转；转移 34 | 35 | deflction n. 偏转，偏斜 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | ## plight 40 | 41 | n. 困境；誓约 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## pitfall 46 | 47 | n. 陷阱；危险，困难 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## conspiracy 52 | 53 | n. 阴谋，密谋，合谋 54 | 55 | conspire v. 密谋 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## destitute 60 | 61 | adj. 赤贫的，一无所有的；缺乏的 62 | 63 | be destitude of 缺乏 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## famine 68 | 69 | n. 饥荒 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## trespass 74 | 75 | v. 非法侵入 76 | 77 | n. 罪过；非法侵入 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## intrude 82 | 83 | v. 闯入，侵入；侵扰 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## assualt 88 | 89 | n. 猛攻；（身体）侵犯 90 | 91 | v. 袭击 92 | 93 | an assault on/against 对……的（人身）侵犯 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## siege 98 | 99 | n. 包围，围攻 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | ## enclose 104 | 105 | v. 围住，包围；把……封入信封，随信附上 106 | 107 | enclose sth. with a letter 随信附上某物 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ## halt 112 | 113 | v. 停止，停住 114 | 115 | n. 停止，停住 116 | 117 | halter n. （马的）缰绳 118 | 119 | halt the advance of history 阻挡历史的前进 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## cease 124 | 125 | v. 终止，停止 126 | 127 | cease fire 停火 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | ## oppress 132 | 133 | v. 压迫，压制；使压抑 134 | 135 | oppressive adj. 压制的，压迫的 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | ## deter 140 | 141 | v. 阻止，威慑住 142 | 143 | deter sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 144 | 145 | ==forbid== 146 | 147 | ==prohibit== 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | ## revolt 152 | 153 | n./v. 叛乱；反抗 154 | 155 | revoltive adj. 厌恶的 ，反感的 156 | 157 | rise in revolt 发生叛乱 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ## treason 162 | 163 | n. 叛国罪，通敌罪 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## rebel 168 | 169 | n. 反叛者；叛逆者 170 | 171 | v. 造反；反抗，反对 172 | 173 | rebellion n. 造反，叛乱；反抗 174 | 175 | rebel against sth. 反对某事 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | ## reproach 180 | 181 | n./v. 责备，指责 182 | 183 | bring reproach on oneself 让自己丢脸 184 | 185 | 区别于approach 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | ## turbulent 190 | 191 | adj. 动荡的，混乱的；汹涌的 192 | 193 | turbulence n. 骚乱，动荡 194 | 195 | a turbulent period 动荡的时期 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | ## turmoil 200 | 201 | n. 混乱的，骚乱 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## scenario 206 | 207 | n. 可能发生的情况；剧情梗概，脚本 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## manoeuvre 212 | 213 | = maneuver 214 | 215 | n. 策略，巧计 216 | 217 | manoeuvers 军事演习 218 | 219 | ==tactic== 220 | 221 | ==strategy== 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | ## compel 226 | 227 | v. 强迫，迫使 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | ## refute 232 | 233 | v. 反驳，驳斥；否认 234 | 235 | refute sb.'s aragument/claim 驳斥某人的论点 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | ## impair 240 | 241 | v. 削弱；妨碍 242 | 243 | 244 | ## mitigate 245 | 246 | v. 减轻，缓和 247 | 248 | mitigation n. 缓和，减轻 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | ## proceed 253 | 254 | v. 接下来做；继续进行；行进 255 | 256 | proceed with 继续进行 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | ## devastate 261 | 262 | v. 毁坏，摧毁 263 | 264 | devastation n. （大面积）破坏 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | ## peril 269 | 270 | n. 重大危险；险情，危险 271 | 272 | at one's own peril 自担风险 273 | 274 | 275 | 276 | ## forgo 277 | 278 | v. 放弃 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | ## tablet 283 | 284 | n. 碑，匾；药片 285 | 286 | a memorial tablet 纪念碑 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | ## camouflage 291 | 292 | v./n. 伪装 293 | 294 | protection camouflage 防护伪装 295 | 296 | 297 | 298 | ## burrow 299 | 300 | n. 地洞，地道 301 | 302 | v. 掘地洞 303 | 304 | 305 | 306 | ## general 307 | 308 | n. 将军 309 | 310 | 311 | 312 | ## veteran 313 | 314 | n. 老兵；老手 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C19_Society Role.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## prophet 2 | 3 | n. 先知；预言家 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## herald 8 | 9 | n. 使者，传令官；先驱，预兆 10 | 11 | v. 预告；宣布 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## heir 16 | 17 | n. 后嗣；继承人 18 | 19 | heritage n. 遗产 20 | 21 | inherit v. 继承 22 | 23 | inheritance n. 继承；遗产 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ## spouse 28 | 29 | n. 配偶（指夫或妻） 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## juvenile 34 | 35 | adj. 少年的 36 | 37 | n. 少年 38 | 39 | juvenile dellinquency 少年犯罪 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## kin 44 | 45 | n. 家属，亲戚 46 | 47 | adj. 有血缘关系的；类似的 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## folk 52 | 53 | n. 人们；家属，亲属 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ## maiden 58 | 59 | n. 少女，姑娘 60 | 61 | ==maid n. 女仆== 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ## sole 66 | 67 | adj. 仅有的，唯一的 68 | 69 | solely adv. 单独地；仅仅 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## commuter 74 | 75 | n. 上下班往返者，通勤者 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## apprentice 80 | 81 | n. 学徒，徒弟 82 | 83 | v. 使当……的学徒 84 | 85 | take an apprentice 收徒弟 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## deputy 90 | 91 | n. 代理人，副手 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## chancellor 96 | 97 | n. 总理；英国财政大臣 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## veterinary 102 | 103 | adj. 兽医的 104 | 105 | veterinary medicine 兽医学 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | ## solicitor 110 | 111 | n. 诉状律师，事务律师；（美国的）法务官 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | ## attorney 116 | 117 | n. （美国的）律师 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | ## umpire 122 | 123 | n. 裁判员 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## groom 128 | 129 | n. 马夫；新郎 130 | 131 | v. （给动物）刷洗；埋毛，梳毛 132 | 133 | bridegroom n. 新郎 134 | 135 | bride n. 新娘 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | ## toil 140 | 141 | n. 苦工，苦活；网，圈套 142 | 143 | v. 辛勤劳作，苦干 144 | 145 | toil and moil 辛辛苦苦地工作 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C1_Natural Geography.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## hydrosphere 2 | 3 | n. 水圈；大气中的水汽 4 | 5 | Hydrosphere and atmosphere are components of the Earth. 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## lithosphere 10 | 11 | n. 岩石圈 12 | 13 | Most of the livings live on the lithosphere 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ## oxide 18 | 19 | n.氧化物 20 | 21 | carbon dioxide 22 | 23 | The plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ## crust 28 | 29 | n.地壳 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## mantle 34 | 35 | n. 地幔；斗篷，披风 v.覆盖 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | ## latitude 40 | 41 | n.经度 42 | 43 | longtitude n. 纬度 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | ## mishap 48 | 49 | n. 小灾难 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## catastrophic 54 | 55 | adj. 灾难性的 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## calamity 60 | 61 | n. 灾难，不幸的事 62 | 63 | cause a calamity 酿成灾祸 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## jeopardise 68 | 69 | v. 危害，危及 70 | 71 | jeopardise one's life 危及某人的生命 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | ## El Nino 76 | 77 | n. 厄尔尼诺现象（赤道附近东太平洋水域大范围海水反常增温、鱼群大量死亡的现象） 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## pebble 82 | 83 | n.鹅卵石 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## ore 88 | 89 | n. 矿石 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | ## quartz 94 | 95 | n. 石英 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## granite 100 | 101 | n. 花岗岩 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## gust 106 | 107 | n.一整狂风 108 | 109 | breeze 微风 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## monsoon 114 | 115 | n. 季风；雨季 116 | 117 | monsoon season 雨季 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | ## gale 122 | 123 | n. 大风 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## volcano 128 | 129 | an active/dormant extinct volcano 活/休眠/死 火山 130 | 131 | **sit on a volcano 处境危险** 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## magma 136 | 137 | n. 岩浆 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## thermodynamic 142 | 143 | adj. 热力的，热力学的 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## fume 148 | 149 | n. 烟，气体 150 | 151 | v. 冒烟，发怒 152 | 153 | Petrol fumes from cars are poisoning the atmosphere. 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | ## mist 158 | 159 | n. 薄雾；水汽；使视线模糊的东西 160 | 161 | lost in the mists of time 淹没在时间的迷雾中 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | ## torrent 166 | 167 | n. 激流，洪流 168 | 169 | A torrent of water poured down the mountain. 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## seismic 174 | 175 | adj.地震的，地震引起的 176 | 177 | a seismic wave 地震波 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | ## avalanche 182 | 183 | n.雪崩 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | ## glacier 188 | 189 | n. 冰川 190 | 191 | 192 | 193 | ## swamp 194 | 195 | n. 沼泽，湿地 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | ## delta 200 | 201 | n.三角洲 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## plateau 206 | 207 | n. 高原 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## oasis 212 | 213 | n. 绿洲 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | ## hemisphere 218 | 219 | n.半球 220 | 221 | the northern hemisphere北半球 222 | 223 | hemispheric adj. 半球形状的，半球的 224 | 225 | hemi 半的 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | ## arctic & antarctic 230 | 231 | 北极 & 南极 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | ## deteriorate 236 | 237 | v. 恶化，变坏 238 | 239 | deterioration n. 恶化，变坏 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | ## aggravate 244 | 245 | v. 加重，使恶化 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | ## degrade & upgrade 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | ## erode 254 | 255 | v. 侵蚀 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | ## gulf 260 | 261 | n.海湾 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | ## brook 266 | 267 | n. 小河，小溪 268 | 269 | ==stream 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | ## superficial 274 | 275 | adj. 表皮的，表层的 276 | 277 | a superficial injury 皮外伤 278 | 279 | 280 | 281 | ## peninsula 282 | 283 | n. 半岛 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | ## meteorology 288 | 289 | n. 气象学 290 | 291 | meteorological adj.气象的 292 | 293 | 294 | 295 | ## tropics 296 | 297 | n. 热带地区 298 | 299 | tropical adj. 热带的 300 | 301 | in the tropics 在热带地区 302 | 303 | 304 | 305 | ## arid 306 | 307 | adj. 干燥的，干旱的 308 | 309 | 310 | 311 | ## moist 312 | 313 | adj. 潮湿的，湿润的 314 | 315 | moisture n. 潮气，湿气；水分 316 | 317 | His eyes were moist with tears. 318 | 319 | 320 | 321 | ==damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的== 322 | 323 | dampness n. 潮湿 324 | 325 | a damp climate 326 | 327 | 328 | 329 | ==humid adj. 潮湿的，湿热的== 330 | 331 | 332 | 333 | ## hail 334 | 335 | n. 冰雹 336 | 337 | v. 赞扬；招呼；下冰雹 338 | 339 | It hailed during the night. 340 | 341 | Hail Hitler 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | ## thaw 346 | 347 | v.解冻，融解，融化 348 | 349 | n. 解冻时期 350 | 351 | thaw sth out 解冻；变暖 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | ## frigid 356 | 357 | adj. 寒冷的 358 | 359 | ==chill v. 变冷；使恐惧 n. 寒冷；害怕== 360 | 361 | chilly adj.寒冷的 362 | 363 | chill euthusiasm 使热情冷却 364 | 365 | 366 | 367 | ## tremble 368 | 369 | v. 战栗，颤抖 370 | 371 | tremble all over 浑身颤抖 372 | 373 | ==shiver== 374 | 375 | shiver with cold 376 | 377 | 378 | 379 | ## sprinkle 380 | 381 | v.撒，下小雨 382 | 383 | n. 少量；小雨 384 | 385 | It only had a few sprinkles of rain recently. 386 | 387 | 388 | 389 | ## ridge 390 | 391 | n.山脊，山脉 392 | 393 | v. 使隆起 394 | 395 | The sky above the ridge of the mountains brightened. 396 | 397 | 398 | 399 | ## sediment 400 | 401 | n.沉淀物；沉积物 402 | 403 | The sediment of coffee will settle. 404 | 405 | the sediment of sth 406 | 407 | 408 | 409 | ## silt 410 | 411 | n. 淤泥，泥沙 412 | 413 | v. 淤塞 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | ==muddy== 418 | 419 | 420 | 421 | ## suburb 422 | 423 | n. 郊区，郊外，近郊 424 | 425 | suburban adj.郊区的 426 | 427 | 428 | 429 | ==outskirts== 430 | 431 | 432 | 433 | ## adjacent & distant 434 | 435 | 邻近的 & 遥远的（remote） 436 | 437 | 438 | 439 | ## contaminate 440 | 441 | v. 弄脏，污染 442 | 443 | 444 | 445 | ## margin 446 | 447 | n. 边缘 448 | 449 | 450 | 451 | ==fringe n. 边缘，刘海 adj. 次要的；非主流的== 452 | 453 | 454 | 455 | ## debris 456 | 457 | n. 碎片，残骸 458 | 459 | 460 | 461 | ## precipitate 462 | 463 | v.凝结；沉淀 464 | 465 | precipitation n.沉淀，降水量；陡然下落 466 | 467 | 468 | 469 | ## dew 470 | 471 | n.露水 472 | 473 | 474 | 475 | ## drain 476 | 477 | v.排空；使流出 478 | 479 | n. 耗竭 480 | 481 | drainage n.排水；排水装置 482 | 483 | 484 | 485 | ## puff 486 | 487 | v. 喷出；喘息 488 | 489 | n.一股，一缕 490 | 491 | Don't puff cigarette smoke in my face. 492 | 493 | 494 | 495 | ## gush 496 | 497 | v/n. 涌出 498 | 499 | gush out 涌出，喷出 500 | 501 | gush from 从……喷出 502 | 503 | 504 | 505 | ## emerge 506 | 507 | v.浮现，露出；摆脱出来；暴露 508 | 509 | emerge out of 510 | 511 | 512 | 513 | ## synethetic 514 | 515 | adj.人造的，合成的 516 | 517 | n.合成物 518 | 519 | 520 | 521 | ## petroleum 522 | 523 | n. 石油 524 | 525 | ==petrol n. [英]汽油== 526 | 527 | ==gas n.[美]汽油== 528 | 529 | ==gasoline n.[美]汽油== 530 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C20_Movement Behaviour.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## deed 2 | 3 | n. 行为；功绩；契约 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## mow 8 | 9 | v. 割，修剪 10 | 11 | n. 干草堆 12 | 13 | mow the lawn 修剪草坪 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ## exhale 18 | 19 | v. 呼气，呼出 20 | 21 | inhale v.吸气 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## 关于看 26 | 27 | glare v. 怒目而视；发出强光 n. 刺眼的光；怒视 28 | 29 | glimpse v. 瞥见 n. 一瞥 30 | 31 | get a glimpse of 瞥见 32 | 33 | glance v. 瞥，迅速看一眼 n. 一瞥 34 | 35 | at first glance 乍一看，乍看上去 36 | 37 | peep v. 窥视，偷看 n. 偷偷一瞥 38 | 39 | peephole n. （门上的）窥视孔 40 | 41 | gaze v. 凝视，注视 42 | 43 | peer v. 凝视，盯着看 n. 同等地位的人，同辈 44 | 45 | stare v. 凝视，盯着看 46 | 47 | contemplate v. 凝视；沉思；考虑 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## oath 52 | 53 | n. 誓言；宣誓 54 | 55 | ==vow v./n. 宣誓== 56 | 57 | ==pledge v.保证 n. 保证，誓言== 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## assert 62 | 63 | v. 断言，坚称；坚持自己的主张 64 | 65 | Justice will assert itself. 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## dispute 70 | 71 | v./n. 争论，辩论 72 | 73 | a dispute against 与……的争议 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## hasten 78 | 79 | v. 赶紧；促进 80 | 81 | hasty adj. 匆忙的，仓促的 haste n. 急速，匆忙，草率 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | ## scold 86 | 87 | v. 责骂，斥责 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | ## provoke 92 | 93 | v. 激怒，挑拨；引起 94 | 95 | thought-provoking adj. 引起思考的，发人深省的 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## preach 100 | 101 | v. 宣扬 102 | 103 | preach at/to sb. 对某人说教 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## mock 108 | 109 | v. 嘲笑，嘲弄 110 | 111 | adj. 模拟的；假装的 112 | 113 | a mock exam 模拟考试 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | ## scatter 118 | 119 | v. 撒；（使）散开 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## whirl 124 | 125 | v. （使）回旋 126 | 127 | n. 回旋 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | ## reel 132 | 133 | v. 眩晕，混乱 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | ## integrate 138 | 139 | v. 使成为一体，使合并 140 | 141 | integration n. 整合，一体化 142 | 143 | integral adj. 构成整体所必需的 144 | 145 | integrate A into/with B 使A与B结合 146 | 147 | 148 | ## penetrate 149 | 150 | v. 刺入，穿透；渗透；洞察 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | ## tilt 155 | 156 | v. （使）倾斜，（使）歪斜 157 | 158 | ~tile n. 瓦片；瓷砖 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | ## baptise 163 | 164 | v. 给……施行洗礼（或浸礼） 165 | 166 | baptism n. （基督教的）洗礼，浸礼 167 | 168 | 169 | ## obsess 170 | 171 | v. 使痴迷，心神不宁 172 | 173 | be obsessed with/by 被……迷住，对……着迷 174 | 175 | ==mesmerize v. 吸引，迷住== 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | ## bewilder 180 | 181 | v. 使迷惑，使不知所措 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | ## indignity 186 | 187 | n. 侮辱，轻蔑 188 | 189 | ==contempt n. 轻视，蔑视== 190 | 191 | in contempt of 不把……放在眼里；蔑视 192 | 193 | ==disregard v. 不顾，漠视 n. 忽视，漠视== 194 | 195 | in disgard of 不顾，无视 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | ## deviate 200 | 201 | v. 偏离，背离 202 | 203 | deviation n. 偏离，偏差 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | ## expel 208 | 209 | v. 驱逐；开除；排出 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | ## hijack 214 | 215 | v. 劫持 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | ## smuggle 220 | 221 | v. 走私，偷运 222 | 223 | smuggler n. 走私者 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | ## convict 228 | 229 | v. 定罪，宣判……有罪 230 | 231 | n. 已决犯 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | ## strangle 236 | 237 | v. 扼杀，压制；勒死，扼死 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | ## designate 242 | 243 | v. 指名；选派，指派 244 | 245 | ==appoint v. 指派== 246 | 247 | ==despatch=dispatch v. 派遣，调派；迅速处理== 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | ## stipulate 252 | 253 | v. 规定，明确要求；保证 254 | 255 | stipulation n. 规定，明确要求 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | ## reassure 260 | 261 | v. 使安心，使放心 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | ## aspire 266 | 267 | v. 有志于，渴望 268 | 269 | aspire to do sth. 渴望做某事 270 | 271 | ==yearn v. 渴望，向往== 272 | 273 | yearn for 渴望 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | ## invoke 278 | 279 | v. 唤起（感情等）；向……祈求帮助；恳求 280 | 281 | invoke sb.'s help 恳求某人帮助 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | ## loom 286 | 287 | v. （庞然大物或形状模糊之物）隐现；逼近 288 | 289 | n. 织布机 290 | 291 | 292 | 293 | ## commence 294 | 295 | v. 开始，着手 296 | 297 | commencement n. 开始 298 | 299 | 300 | 301 | ## exploit 302 | 303 | v. 开发，开采，开拓 304 | 305 | exploitation n. 开发，利用 306 | 307 | 308 | 309 | ## exert 310 | 311 | v. 运用，行使；施加 312 | 313 | exert an influence on 对……施加影响 314 | 315 | 316 | 317 | ## cope 318 | 319 | v. 应对，处理 320 | 321 | cope with 应付，对付 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | ## omit 326 | 327 | v. 遗漏；省略；删去 328 | 329 | omission n. 遗漏，疏忽；删除 330 | 331 | omit a good chance 失去了好机会 332 | 333 | 334 | 335 | ## redeem 336 | 337 | v. 赎回；挽回，补偿；兑现 338 | 339 | redeem one's promise 履行某人的诺言 340 | 341 | 342 | 343 | ## replenish 344 | 345 | v. 重新装满，补充 346 | 347 | 348 | 349 | ## render 350 | 351 | v. 给予，提供；翻译 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | ## 关于扩大 356 | 357 | enlarge 358 | 359 | augment v. 360 | 361 | augmentation n. 362 | 363 | magnify 364 | 365 | amplify 366 | 367 | exaggerate 368 | 369 | prolong 370 | 371 | 372 | 373 | ## uphold 374 | 375 | v. 支持，维护；维持 376 | 377 | uphold the law 维护法律 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | ## seep 382 | 383 | v.渗出，渗漏 384 | 385 | ==ooze v.渗出；洋溢着== 386 | 387 | 388 | 389 | ## trench 390 | 391 | v. 掘沟于；砍除 392 | 393 | n. 沟，渠，壕沟 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | ## saturate 398 | 399 | v. 使饱和，使充满；浸透 400 | 401 | saturate oneself in 埋头在……中 402 | 403 | 404 | 405 | ## flatter 406 | 407 | v. 奉承，讨好，向……谄媚 408 | 409 | 410 | 411 | ## retrieve 412 | 413 | v. 取回；挽回 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | ## muffle 418 | 419 | v. 使（声音）减弱 420 | 421 | 422 | 423 | ## overshallow 424 | 425 | v. 遮蔽；使黯然失色 426 | 427 | 428 | 429 | ## accord 430 | 431 | v. 与……一致；给予 432 | 433 | n.协议 434 | 435 | accordance n. 一致，和谐；授予 436 | 437 | accordingly adv. 因此，所以；照着 438 | 439 | 440 | 441 | ## retrospect 442 | 443 | n. 回顾 444 | 445 | retrospective adj. 回顾的 446 | 447 | 448 | 449 | ## surmount 450 | 451 | v. 克服；置于……顶端 452 | 453 | 454 | 455 | ## mortify 456 | 457 | v. 使难堪，使羞愧 458 | 459 | 460 | 461 | ## pervade 462 | 463 | v. 弥漫，渗透，遍及 464 | 465 | pervasive adj. 遍布的；普遍的 466 | 467 | 468 | 469 | ## incline 470 | 471 | v. 使倾向于；使倾斜 472 | 473 | n. 斜坡；倾斜 474 | 475 | ==lean v. 倚靠；倾斜 adj. 瘦的；贫乏的== 476 | 477 | 478 | 479 | ## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C21_Body Health.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## trait 2 | 3 | n. 特性，特点 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## brow 8 | 9 | n. 额；眉，眉毛 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ## eyelash 14 | 15 | n. 眼睫毛 16 | 17 | eyelid n. 眼皮，眼睑 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## gorge 22 | 23 | n. 咽喉；暴食；山峡，峡谷 24 | 25 | v. 狼吞虎咽 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ## jaw 30 | 31 | n. 下巴；狭窄入口；唠叨 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | ## limb 36 | 37 | n. 肢；树枝 38 | 39 | an artificial limb 假肢 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## palm 44 | 45 | n. 棕榈树；手掌 46 | 47 | v. 把……藏在手中 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## abdomen 52 | 53 | n. 腹部 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ## womb 58 | 59 | n. 子宫；发源地 60 | 61 | from the womb to the tomb 从生到死 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ## gland 66 | 67 | n. 腺 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## chamber 72 | 73 | n. 室，腔；议院 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | ## intestine 78 | 79 | n. 肠 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | ## thigh 85 | 86 | n. 大腿，股 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | ## artery 91 | 92 | n. 动脉；干线 93 | 94 | vein n. 静脉 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | ## biorhythm 99 | 100 | n. 生物节律 101 | 102 | biorhythm upset 生物节律失调 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | ## aural 107 | 108 | adj. 耳的；听觉的；气味的；先兆的 109 | 110 | acoustic adj. 声学的；听觉的 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | ## cripple 115 | 116 | n. 瘸子；残疾人 117 | 118 | v. 使跛 119 | 120 | ==lame adj. 瘸的，跛的；无说服力的== 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | ## dwarf 125 | 126 | n. 小矮人；侏儒 127 | 128 | adj. 矮小的 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | ## detriment 133 | 134 | n. 损害；损害物 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | ## dysfunction 139 | 140 | n. （身体）功能障碍 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | ## hypertension 145 | 146 | n. 高血压 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | ## insomnia 151 | 152 | n. 失眠，失眠症 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | ## arthritis 157 | 158 | n. 关节炎 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | ## lump 163 | 164 | n. 块；肿块 165 | 166 | v. 使成块状 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | ## mortal 171 | 172 | adj. 必死的；致命的 173 | 174 | n. 凡人，人类 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | ## demise 179 | 180 | n. 死亡；君权的转移或授予，禅让 181 | 182 | v. 遗赠；转让 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | ## fatigue 187 | 188 | n. 疲劳 189 | 190 | v. （使）疲劳 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | ## feeble 195 | 196 | adj. 虚弱的，无力的；微弱的 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | ## weary 201 | 202 | adj. 疲倦的；厌烦的 203 | 204 | be weary of 对……感到厌倦 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | ## lament 209 | 210 | n. 悲伤，哀悼 211 | 212 | v. 哀悼；对……感到悔恨 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | ## sanitary 217 | 218 | adj. 为生的；清洁的 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | ## segregate 223 | 224 | v. 隔离 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | ## remedy 229 | 230 | n. 药物，治疗法；解决方法 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | ## antibiotic 235 | 236 | n. 抗生素 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | ## acupuncture 241 | 242 | n. 针灸，中医针灸疗法 243 | 244 | puncture v. 刺破，刺穿 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | ## penicillin 249 | 250 | n. 青霉素 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | ## alleviate 255 | 256 | v. 减轻（痛苦等），缓解 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | ## indifferent 261 | 262 | adj. 漠不关心的；无关紧要的；平庸的；中立的 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | ## apathetic 267 | 268 | adj. 无动于衷的，漠不关心的 269 | 270 | apathetically adv. 漠不关心地 271 | 272 | apathy n. 冷漠 273 | 274 | 275 | 276 | ## exhilarate 277 | 278 | v. 使高兴，使兴奋 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | ## startle 283 | 284 | v. 使大吃一惊 285 | 286 | n. 吃惊 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | ## astound 291 | 292 | v. 使大吃一惊，使惊骇 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | ## hectic 297 | 298 | adj. 兴奋活跃的，忙乱的，繁忙的 299 | 300 | 301 | 302 | ## earnest 303 | 304 | adj. 认真的，诚恳的 305 | 306 | earnestly adv. 认真地；热心地 307 | 308 | 309 | 310 | ## stern 311 | 312 | adj. 严厉的；坚定的 313 | 314 | sternly adv. 苛刻地，严厉地 315 | 316 | sterness n. 苛刻，严厉 317 | 318 | a stern warning 严正警告 319 | 320 | 321 | 322 | ## picturesque 323 | 324 | adj. 如画的；独特的 325 | 326 | 327 | 328 | ## arduous 329 | 330 | adj. 辛勤的；费力的；陡峭的 331 | 332 | 333 | 334 | ## robust 335 | 336 | adj. 强壮的，强健的 337 | 338 | ==sturdy adj. 强健的；坚定的== 339 | 340 | ==steadfast adj. 坚定的== 341 | 342 | 343 | 344 | ## tender 345 | 346 | adj. 脆弱的；温柔的；软弱的；疼痛的 347 | 348 | v. （正式）提出；投标 349 | 350 | tender for 投标 351 | 352 | 353 | 354 | ## mundane 355 | 356 | adj. 平凡的，世俗的；世界的 357 | 358 | 359 | 360 | ## liable 361 | 362 | adj. 有责任的；有……倾向的，可能的 363 | 364 | 365 | 366 | ## sane 367 | 368 | adj. 心智健全的；理智的 369 | 370 | ~insane adj. 疯狂的 371 | 372 | 373 | 374 | ## strenuous 375 | 376 | adj. 发奋的；繁重的，艰苦的 377 | 378 | 379 | 380 | ## rigorous 381 | 382 | adj. 严格的，严厉的；一丝不苟的 383 | 384 | 385 | 386 | ## mutual 387 | 388 | adj. 相互的，彼此的；共同的 389 | 390 | 391 | 392 | ## resemble 393 | 394 | v. 与……相像，类似 395 | 396 | 397 | 398 | ## spontaneous 399 | 400 | adj. 自发的，自然的，本能的；自然产生的 401 | 402 | 403 | 404 | ## agony 405 | 406 | n. 极度的痛苦；挣扎 407 | 408 | 409 | 410 | ## distress 411 | 412 | n. 悲痛；穷困，不幸 413 | 414 | v. 使伤心，使忧虑 415 | 416 | 417 | 418 | ## gloomy 419 | 420 | adj. 幽暗的；令人沮丧的 421 | 422 | 423 | 424 | ## wretched 425 | 426 | adj. 不幸的，可怜的，悲惨的；恶劣的 427 | 428 | 429 | 430 | ## frown 431 | 432 | n. 皱眉，不悦 433 | 434 | v. 皱眉，表示不眉 435 | 436 | frown upon/on 不赞成 437 | 438 | 439 | 440 | ## nuisance 441 | 442 | n. 讨厌或麻烦的人（或事物） 443 | 444 | 445 | 446 | ## vex 447 | 448 | v. 使烦恼，使恼火 449 | 450 | 451 | 452 | ## harass 453 | 454 | v. 烦扰 455 | 456 | 457 | 458 | ## adverse 459 | 460 | adj. 敌对的，不友好的；不利的 461 | 462 | adversary n. 敌手，对手 463 | 464 | 465 | 466 | ## hostile 467 | 468 | adj. 怀有敌意的，不友善的；敌对的 469 | 470 | 471 | 472 | ## indignant 473 | 474 | adj. 愤慨的，义愤的 475 | 476 | indignation n. 愤怒，愤慨，义愤 477 | 478 | 479 | 480 | ## radical 481 | 482 | adj. 激进的；根本的 483 | 484 | radically adv. 根本上；以激进的方式 485 | 486 | 487 | 488 | ## vicious 489 | 490 | adj. 邪恶的，不道德的 491 | 492 | 493 | 494 | ## vulgar 495 | 496 | adj. 粗俗的，庸俗的 497 | 498 | 499 | ## rash 500 | 501 | adj. 草率的，鲁莽的 502 | 503 | rashly adv. 轻率地 504 | 505 | rashness n. 急躁，鲁莽 506 | 507 | 508 | 509 | ## volatile 510 | 511 | adj. 易变的，反复无常的；易挥发的 512 | 513 | 514 | 515 | ## excessive 516 | 517 | adj. 过分的，过多的 518 | 519 | 520 | 521 | ## timid 522 | 523 | adj. 胆小的，羞怯的 524 | 525 | 526 | 527 | ## fuss 528 | 529 | n. 大惊小怪，无谓的纷扰 530 | 531 | make a fuss about 对……大惊小怪，为……大吵大闹 532 | 533 | 534 | 535 | ## reluctant 536 | 537 | adj. 不情愿的；勉强的 538 | 539 | reluctant to do sth. 不情愿做某事 540 | 541 | 542 | 543 | ## repent 544 | 545 | v. 忏悔；后悔 546 | 547 | 548 | 549 | ## ignorant 550 | 551 | adj. 无知的，没有学识的，愚昧的 552 | 553 | 554 | 555 | ## sly 556 | 557 | adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的 558 | 559 | on the sly 秘密地 560 | 561 | 562 | 563 | ## cunning 564 | 565 | n. 狡猾的；巧妙的 566 | 567 | 568 | 569 | ## clumsy 570 | 571 | adj. 笨拙的 572 | 573 | 574 | 575 | ## oblivious 576 | 577 | adj. 不知道的，未注意的 578 | 579 | 580 | 581 | ## obtrusive 582 | 583 | adj. 过分炫耀的，过分突出的，扎眼的 584 | 585 | 586 | 587 | ## slothful 588 | 589 | adj. 偷懒的，懒散的 590 | 591 | sloth n. 懒惰；树懒 592 | 593 | 594 | 595 | ## sluggish 596 | 597 | adj. 行动迟缓的 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C22_Time Date.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## medieval 2 | 3 | adj. 中世纪的；守旧的 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## preceding 8 | 9 | adj. 在前的，在先的 10 | 11 | precede v. 走在……前面；在……之前发生，先于 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## precedent 16 | 17 | n. 先例；常规 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## simultaneous 22 | 23 | adj. 同时发生（或进行）的 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ## punctual 28 | 29 | adj. 准时的，守时的 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## consecutive 34 | 35 | adj. 连续不断的 36 | 37 | two consecutive weeks 连续两周 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | ## imminent 42 | 43 | adj. （尤指不愉快的事）即将发生的，逼近的 44 | 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C2_Plant Research.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## photosynthesis 2 | 3 | n.光合作用 4 | 5 | The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## respire 10 | 11 | v.呼吸（植物） 12 | 13 | respiration n.呼吸 14 | 15 | respiratory adj.呼吸的 16 | 17 | Plants respire in the same way as animals, taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide. 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## herb 22 | 23 | n.药草；香草 24 | 25 | herbal adj. 药草的 26 | 27 | herbivore n.食草动物 28 | 29 | carnivore n.食肉动物 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## perennial 34 | 35 | n.多年生植物 36 | 37 | adj.长期的，持久的 38 | 39 | perennials 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ## botany 44 | 45 | n.植物学 46 | 47 | botanical adj.植物的 48 | 49 | botanist n.植物学家 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## horticulture 54 | 55 | n.园艺学；园艺 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ## mutation 60 | 61 | n.突变，变异 62 | 63 | mutate v.改变；使突变 64 | 65 | mutant n.突变体 66 | 67 | ==variation n.变种；变异== 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## hybridization 72 | 73 | n.杂交 74 | 75 | ~hybridisation 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## reproduce 80 | 81 | v.繁殖 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | ## fluctuate 86 | 87 | v. 波动，起伏 88 | 89 | fluctuation n. 90 | 91 | fluctuant adj. 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## pluck 96 | 97 | v.采，摘 98 | 99 | He plucked a rose for his lover. 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | ## rear 104 | 105 | v.培养，抚养；饲养 106 | 107 | n.后部 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ## arable 112 | 113 | adj.适于耕种的 114 | 115 | arable land 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ## plough(=plow) 120 | 121 | n.犁 122 | 123 | v.耕地 124 | 125 | The ground was ploughed and planted with corn. 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | ## spade 130 | 131 | n.铲 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## rake 136 | 137 | n. 耙子 138 | 139 | v.搜索；耙 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | ## bundle 144 | 145 | n. 捆，包，束 146 | 147 | bundle of sticks 148 | 149 | ==bunch n.一束（花），一串（钥匙）== 150 | 151 | bunch of lilac 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | ## short-day 156 | 157 | adj. 短日照的 158 | 159 | ==shade-tolerant adj. 耐阴的== 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | ## fungus 164 | 165 | n. 真菌 166 | 167 | ==mould = mold n.霉菌 v.发霉== 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | ## pollen 172 | 173 | n. 花粉 174 | 175 | v.给……授粉 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | ## germinate 180 | 181 | v. （使）发芽；开始生长 182 | 183 | germ v.萌芽 n. 萌芽；细菌 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | ## burgeon 188 | 189 | n.嫩枝，新芽 190 | 191 | v.急速增长；发芽，抽枝 192 | 193 | ==bud n. 芽== 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## scent 198 | 199 | n.气味；香味 200 | 201 | v.使具有香味 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## aromatic 206 | 207 | adj. 芳香的 208 | 209 | Aromatic plants are often used in cooking. 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | ## wither 214 | 215 | v. 枯萎 216 | 217 | withered adj.凋谢了的，枯萎的 218 | 219 | ==decompose v.（使）分解；使腐烂== ~ compose v. 构成；写，创作 220 | 221 | ==rot v. （使）腐烂 n.腐烂== 222 | 223 | rotten adj. 腐烂的 224 | 225 | ==decay v.腐烂== 226 | 227 | ==stale adj.不新鲜的；没有新意的，陈腐的== 228 | 229 | staleness n. 不新鲜；无趣的 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | ## terrace 234 | 235 | n. 梯田 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | ## charcoal 240 | 241 | n. 木炭 242 | 243 | Prepare a fire in a charcoal grill. 244 | 245 | ~log n.原木；日志 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | ## bough 250 | 251 | n. 大树枝 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | ## straw 256 | 257 | n. 稻草，麦秆；吸管 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | ## reed 262 | 263 | n. 芦苇 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | ## thorn 268 | 269 | n. 刺；荆棘 270 | 271 | thorny adj. 多刺的；棘手的 272 | 273 | She got her finger pricked by a thorn. 274 | 275 | prick v. 刺 n. 刺头 276 | 277 | 278 | 279 | ## meadow 280 | 281 | n.草地；牧场 282 | 283 | ==lawn n. 草地== 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | ## flower name 288 | 289 | _tulip n.郁金香_ 290 | 291 | _violet n.紫罗兰，堇菜_ 292 | 293 | _mint n.薄荷；薄荷糖；铸币厂 v.铸造（硬币）_ 294 | 295 | 296 | 297 | ## reef 298 | 299 | n. 暗礁，礁脉 300 | 301 | 302 | 303 | ## alga 304 | 305 | n. 海藻，藻 306 | 307 | algal adj. 海藻的 308 | 309 | algae n. 藻类 310 | 311 | 312 | 313 | ## enzyme 314 | 315 | /'enzaim'/ 316 | 317 | n. 酶 318 | 319 | One enzyme can activate a thousand of these chemical reactions in an hour. 320 | 321 | 322 | 323 | ## catalyst 324 | 325 | n.催化剂 326 | 327 | 328 | 329 | ## uptake 330 | 331 | n. 摄取；领会 332 | 333 | The doctor advised me to reduce the salt uptake. 334 | 335 | 336 | 337 | ## counterbalance 338 | 339 | n.起平衡作用的事物；抗衡力 340 | 341 | v.抵消；对……起平衡作用 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | ## 保护 346 | 347 | preserve 348 | 349 | conservation 350 | 351 | protect 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | ## perish 356 | 357 | v.毁灭，消亡；腐烂 358 | 359 | Flowers perish when frost comes. 360 | 361 | ==demolish v. 拆除；毁坏，破坏；推翻== 362 | 363 | ==undermine v.破坏；逐渐削弱== 364 | 365 | The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence. 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | ## infringe 370 | 371 | v.侵犯；违反 372 | 373 | The press infringed a copyright agreement. 374 | 375 | 376 | 377 | ## considerable 378 | 379 | adj. 相当多的 380 | 381 | **注意这里不要记错成”可行的“** 382 | 383 | It is a considerable sum of money. 384 | 385 | 386 | 387 | ## 巨大的 388 | 389 | massive adj. 巨大的，大规模的，庞大的 390 | 391 | immense adj.巨大的 392 | 393 | maximal adj. 最大的 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | ## optimal 398 | 399 | adj. 最佳的，最理想的 400 | 401 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C3_Animal Protection.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## mammal 2 | 3 | n.哺乳动物 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## primate 8 | 9 | n.灵长动物 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ## vertebrate 14 | 15 | n.脊椎动物 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ## repitle 20 | 21 | n. 爬行动物 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## amphibian 26 | 27 | n.两栖动物；水陆两用车 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## carnivore 32 | 33 | n.食肉动物 34 | 35 | ==herbivore n.食草动物== 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | ## fauna 40 | 41 | n. 动物群 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## flora 46 | 47 | n.植物群 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## 关于群 52 | 53 | ==flock n.（羊或鸟）群 v.聚集== 54 | 55 | ==herd n.兽群，畜群== 56 | 57 | ==swarm n. （蜜蜂或昆虫的）一大群；（迅速移动的）人群 58 | 59 | ==throng n. 人群，一大群人 v.群集== 60 | 61 | be thronged with 被（人、汽车等）挤满 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ## brute 66 | 67 | n.粗野的人，残忍的人 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## stem 72 | 73 | v.起源于，来自 74 | 75 | n.茎，梗 76 | 77 | stem from 源自，起源于~originate from 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## proliferate 82 | 83 | v. 迅速繁殖；剧增 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## sterility 88 | 89 | n.不生育 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | ## courtship 94 | 95 | n.求偶 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## brood 100 | 101 | n.一窝幼鸟 102 | 103 | v. 孵蛋 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## beak 108 | 109 | n.鸟嘴 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## plume 114 | 115 | n.羽毛（feather） 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ## bristle 120 | 121 | n. 鬃毛；刷子的毛 122 | 123 | ==curl n.鬃发；弯曲== 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | ## cricket 128 | 129 | n.蟋蟀 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | ## cattle 134 | 135 | n.牛 136 | 137 | ==buffalo n. 水牛；野牛== 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## harness 142 | 143 | n.马具，挽具 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## falcon 148 | 149 | n. 隼，猎鹰 150 | 151 | ==hawk n.🦅，隼== 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | ## swallow 156 | 157 | n.燕子 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ## sparrow 162 | 163 | n.麻雀 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## hare 168 | 169 | n.野兔 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## rub 174 | 175 | v.擦，摩擦 176 | 177 | n.困难，障碍 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | ## barn 182 | 183 | n.谷仓；牲口棚 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | ## hedge 188 | 189 | n. 树篱；障碍物 190 | 191 | on the hedge 抱骑墙态度的 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | ## anatomy 196 | 197 | n.解剖学 198 | 199 | anatomical adj.解剖的；解剖学的 200 | 201 | anatomist n.解剖学家 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ## microbe 206 | 207 | n.微生物（可数） 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## secrete 212 | 213 | v.分泌 214 | 215 | ~secret 216 | 217 | The kidneys secrete urine. 218 | 219 | ==excrete v.排泄；分泌== 220 | 221 | excretion n.排泄物 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | ## instinct 226 | 227 | n.本能，天性；直觉 228 | 229 | instinctive adj.本能的，天生的；直觉的 230 | 231 | follow one's instincts 凭某人的直觉 232 | 233 | ==intuitive adj.直觉的== 234 | 235 | intuition n. 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | ## acoustic 240 | 241 | adj.听觉的；声音的 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | ## nocturnal 246 | 247 | adj. 夜间发生的；夜间活动的 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | ## dormant 252 | 253 | adj. 睡着的；休眠的；冬眠的 254 | 255 | Many living things are dormant in winter. 256 | 257 | ==hibernation n. 冬眠== 258 | 259 | hibernate v. 冬眠；蛰伏 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | ## captive 264 | 265 | n.俘虏 266 | 267 | adj. 被关押的；受控制的 268 | 269 | captivate v.迷住，迷惑 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | ## subsistence 274 | 275 | n. 勉强维持生活 276 | 277 | 278 | 279 | ## exterminate 280 | 281 | v.消灭，根除 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | ## tame 286 | 287 | v.驯服，驯养 288 | 289 | adj.驯服的；乏味的 290 | 291 | 292 | 293 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C4_Space Exploration.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## cosmos 2 | 3 | n. 宇宙 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## terrestrial 8 | 9 | adj.地球的；（动植物）陆地的 10 | 11 | extraterrestrial adj.地球外的 n.外星人 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## astrology 16 | 17 | n.占星学，占星术 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## meteorite 22 | 23 | n.陨石 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ## crater 28 | 29 | n.（陨石撞击、爆炸形成的）坑 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ## envelope 34 | 35 | n.外裹物，外层 36 | 37 | The surface of the sun is a glowing gas envelope. 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | ## chunk 42 | 43 | n.厚块 44 | 45 | a chunk of 一大块，一厚块 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | ## propulsion 50 | 51 | n.推进力 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | ## dynamics 56 | 57 | n.动力学；动态 58 | 59 | dynamic adj.充满活力的 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | ## vent 64 | 65 | n.排气口 66 | 67 | v.排放；发泄 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | ## flyby 72 | 73 | n.（航天器对行星或卫星的）飞掠 74 | 75 | Because of the flyby height, the plane resembles an increasingly big bird. 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## observatory 80 | 81 | n.天文台 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | ## spectacle 86 | 87 | n.壮观的景象；奇观 88 | 89 | spectacles n.眼镜 90 | 91 | ~spectacular adj. 壮观的 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## ecliptic 96 | 97 | n.黄道 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## substance 102 | 103 | n.物质；实质，要旨 104 | 105 | Is there a basic substance that everything else is made of? 106 | 107 | substancial adj.大量的；牢固的 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ## specimen 112 | 113 | n. 样品，标本 114 | 115 | ==sample== 116 | 117 | species n.物种 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | ## ion 122 | 123 | n.离子 124 | 125 | Both of these particles can produce ion pairs. 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | ## synthesise 130 | 131 | v.合成，综合 132 | 133 | syntheses n.综合体 134 | 135 | synthetic adj.合成的 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | ## spectrum 140 | 141 | n.光谱；范围 142 | 143 | A spectrum is formed by a ray of light passing through a prism(棱镜). 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## antenna 148 | 149 | n.天线 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | ## discernible 154 | 155 | adj.可辩别的，看得清的 156 | 157 | indiscernible adj.看不清的，隐约的 158 | 159 | Night fell, but the outline of the factory buildings was still discernible. 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | ## squash 164 | 165 | v.压扁 166 | 167 | n.壁球 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | ## cataclysmic 172 | 173 | adj.剧变的，灾难性的 174 | 175 | ==catastrophic adj. 灾难性的== 176 | 177 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C5_School Education.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## novice 2 | 3 | n.新手 4 | 5 | 源自拉丁语novus，表示new 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## novice 10 | 11 | n.新手 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## numerate 16 | 17 | adj. 识数的，有计算能力的 18 | 19 | numeracy n. 计算能力 20 | 21 | All students should be numerate and literate when they leave school. 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## obscure 26 | 27 | adj. 难以理解的 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## instil 32 | 33 | =instill v.逐渐灌输 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## cram 38 | 39 | v.把……塞进；临考前的死记硬背 40 | 41 | Students are cramming for the semester finals. 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## stimulate 46 | 47 | v.刺激，激励 48 | 49 | stimulation n.刺激 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## spur 54 | 55 | v.鞭策，刺激 56 | 57 | n. 马刺；刺激 58 | 59 | Pride spurred the man to fight. 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | ## impetus 64 | 65 | n. 推动，促进；动量；惯性 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## indulge 70 | 71 | v.迁就，放任；沉湎 72 | 73 | indulgement n.放纵的，溺爱的 74 | 75 | indulge in 沉湎于，沉溺于 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## aptitude 80 | 81 | n.天生的才能，资质 82 | 83 | apt adj. 恰当的；聪明的 84 | 85 | He has an aptitude for learning English. 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## prestige 90 | 91 | n.声望，威望 92 | 93 | prestigious adj.有名望的，享有声望的 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## eminent 98 | 99 | adj.著名的；杰出的 100 | 101 | The students are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist. 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## notorious 106 | 107 | adj. 声名狼藉的 108 | 109 | notoriety n. 坏名声 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## esteem 114 | 115 | v. 尊重，尊敬 116 | 117 | I esteem it as a privilege to attend this conference and give a report here. 118 | 119 | self-esteem n.自尊 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## painstaking 124 | 125 | adj. 仔细辛苦的 126 | 127 | ……requires painstaking effort 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | ## dean 132 | 133 | n. （大学）学院院长，系主任 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | ## faculty 138 | 139 | n. （大学）系，院 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | ## mentor 144 | 145 | n. 导师，顾问 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ## tutor 150 | 151 | n. 家庭教师；导师 152 | 153 | tutorial n.教案，辅导课 154 | 155 | tuition n.教学，讲授 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ## candidate 160 | 161 | n. 候选人；求职者；考生 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | ## diplomat 166 | 167 | n.外交官；善于交际的人 168 | 169 | diploma n.毕业文凭 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## pupil 174 | 175 | n.小学生；瞳孔 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | ## sophomore 180 | 181 | n. 二年级学生 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | ## alumni 186 | 187 | /~nai/ 188 | 189 | n. 毕业生，校友 190 | 191 | alumna n.女毕业生，女校友 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | ## orientation 196 | 197 | n.（学前、岗前等的）情况介绍，迎新会；方向 198 | 199 | orient v.朝向，面对，使适应 n.东方 adj.东方的 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | ## coed 204 | 205 | =co-educational adj.男女同校的 206 | 207 | n.（男女同校的 ）女生 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | ## roster 212 | 213 | n.花名册，登记表；执勤表 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | ## enrol 218 | 219 | =enroll v.登记，注册课程；使加入 220 | 221 | enrol on a course 注册学习一门课程 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | ## matriculation 226 | 227 | n.注册入大学 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | ## accommodation 232 | 233 | n. 住处；食宿招待 234 | 235 | ==dorm n.宿舍== 236 | 237 | ==dormitory== 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | ## biography 242 | 243 | n. 传记 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | ## catalogue 248 | 249 | =catalog n. 目录 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | ## context 254 | 255 | n. 上下文，语境；背景，来龙去脉 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | ## reel 260 | 261 | n.卷轴；卷筒 262 | 263 | I put a new reel of film in my camera. 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | ## audit 268 | 269 | n.审计 270 | 271 | v.旁听；审计 272 | 273 | 274 | 275 | ## logistics 276 | 277 | n.物流；后勤 278 | 279 | logistic adj. 后勤上的 n.数理逻辑，符号逻辑 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | ## arithmetic 284 | 285 | n.算数 286 | 287 | 288 | 289 | ## subtract 290 | 291 | v.减去，减 292 | 293 | subtraction n. 减法 294 | 295 | ==minus prep.减，减去 n.缺点，减号 adj.小于零的，负的== 296 | 297 | 298 | 299 | ## dividend 300 | 301 | n.被除数 302 | 303 | divide v.分配 304 | 305 | division n.分配，除法 306 | 307 | 308 | 309 | ## remainder 310 | 311 | n.余数；剩余部分 312 | 313 | 314 | 315 | ## quadruple 316 | 317 | double, triple, quadruple 318 | 319 | adj.四倍的 320 | 321 | n.四倍 322 | 323 | quater n.四分之一 324 | 325 | 326 | 327 | ## diagonal 328 | 329 | adj. 斜纹的；对角线的 330 | 331 | n.对角线；斜纹织物 332 | 333 | The two diagonals of a square cross in the centre. 334 | 335 | 336 | 337 | ## cone 338 | 339 | n.圆锥体；锥形物 340 | 341 | sphere n.球体 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | ## extent 346 | 347 | n.广度，范围，程度 348 | 349 | No one cares about the extent of his debts. 350 | 351 | to some extent 在某种程度上 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | ## proportion 356 | 357 | n.比例 358 | 359 | 360 | 361 | ## ratio 362 | 363 | 比率 364 | 365 | The ratio of x to y x比y的比率 366 | 367 | in direct ratio 按正比例 368 | 369 | in inverse ratio 按反比例 370 | 371 | 372 | 373 | ## scale 374 | 375 | v.攀登 376 | 377 | n.刻度；规模 378 | 379 | on a big/large scale 大规模的 380 | 381 | 382 | 383 | ## ounce 384 | 385 | n.盎司；少量 386 | 387 | An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 388 | 389 | 390 | 391 | ## transparent 392 | 393 | adj.透明的；易看穿的 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | ## hollow 398 | 399 | adj.空心的，中空的 400 | 401 | 402 | 403 | ## ozone 404 | 405 | n. 臭氧 406 | 407 | ozone layer n. 臭氧层 408 | 409 | 410 | 411 | ## friction 412 | 413 | n. 摩擦；不和；矛盾 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | ## eccentric 418 | 419 | adj.不同圆心的；古怪的 420 | 421 | The old lady has some eccentric habits. 422 | 423 | 424 | 425 | ## ferment 426 | 427 | v.发酵；骚动 428 | 429 | n.酶；发酵；动乱 430 | 431 | yeast n.酵母，酵母菌 432 | 433 | 434 | 435 | ## dilute 436 | 437 | ~/dailut/ 438 | 439 | v.冲淡，稀释 440 | 441 | adj. 稀释了的；减弱了的 442 | 443 | 444 | 445 | ## acid 446 | 447 | 除了酸的意思之外还有讽刺的，尖刻的意思 448 | 449 | acidification n.酸化 450 | 451 | 452 | 453 | ## noxious 454 | 455 | adj.有害的 456 | 457 | 458 | 459 | ## inhert 460 | 461 | adj. 无生气的；惰性的；不活泼的 462 | 463 | Helium and neon are inhert gases. 464 | 465 | 466 | 467 | ## inherent 468 | 469 | adj. 内在的，固有的 470 | 471 | be inherent in…… 为……所固有 472 | 473 | Polarity is inherent in a magnet. 474 | 475 | 476 | 477 | ## empirical 478 | 479 | adj.以实验为依据的；经验主义的 480 | 481 | 482 | 483 | ## doctrine 484 | 485 | n.学说；教义；信条 486 | 487 | The doctrine is **unchangeable**. 488 | 489 | doctrinal adj. 学说的；教义的 490 | 491 | 492 | 493 | ## forum 494 | 495 | n.论坛会，论坛；公开讨论的广场 496 | 497 | 498 | 499 | ## rudimentary 500 | 501 | adj. 基本的，粗浅的 502 | 503 | He has only a rudimentary knowledge of the dinosaur. 504 | 505 | For most of the time, I only learnt knowledge rudimentarily in college life. 506 | 507 | rudiment n. =basic 基本原理，基础 508 | 509 | ==fundamental adj. 基础的== 510 | 511 | ==elementary adj.基本的；初级的== 512 | 513 | 514 | 515 | ## superficial 516 | 517 | adj. 表面的，外表的；肤浅的 518 | 519 | superficially adv. 表面上地 520 | 521 | 522 | 523 | ## prerequisite 524 | 525 | n. 必备条件 526 | 527 | adj.必备的 528 | 529 | requisite adj. 必要的，必需的 530 | 531 | requisition n. 征用；要求；申请书 vt.征用 532 | 533 | 534 | 535 | ## revise 536 | 537 | v.修订，修改 538 | 539 | 540 | 541 | ## scrutinise 542 | 543 | v. 仔细检查，仔细查看 544 | 545 | scrutiny n. 详细审查 546 | 547 | 548 | 549 | ## recite 550 | 551 | v.背诵，朗诵 552 | 553 | recitation n. 背诵，朗诵 554 | 555 | ==dictate v. 让（某人）听写；命令，强行规定== 556 | 557 | dictation v.听写 558 | 559 | 560 | 561 | ## plagiarise 562 | 563 | /pleig~/不发ai音 564 | 565 | 566 | 567 | ## dissertation 568 | 569 | n. 专题论文，尤指学位论文 570 | 571 | essay article thesis paper 572 | 573 | 574 | 575 | ## outset 576 | 577 | n.开端，开始 578 | 579 | 580 | 581 | ## gist 582 | 583 | n. 主旨，要点 584 | 585 | 586 | 587 | ## elicit 588 | 589 | v. 引出；探出，套出 590 | 591 | 592 | 593 | ## extract 594 | 595 | n. 摘录 596 | 597 | v.提取 598 | 599 | extraction n.取出 600 | 601 | 602 | 603 | ## abstract 604 | 605 | n. 抽象的 606 | 607 | v.提取；把……抽象出 608 | 609 | abstracted adj.心不在焉的 610 | 611 | abstract sth from sth. 从某物中提取出某物 612 | 613 | 614 | 615 | ## presume 616 | 617 | v. 假定，假设；料想 618 | 619 | ==assume v. 假设== 620 | 621 | ==suppose v.假定，假设== 622 | 623 | ==hypothesis n.假说，假设== 624 | 625 | ==postulate v. 假定，假设 n. 假定，假设== 626 | 627 | ==speculate v.推测== 628 | 629 | 630 | 631 | ## perceive 632 | v.感知，察觉，意识到 633 | 634 | ## discern 635 | v. 觉察出；分辨出 636 | 637 | discernible adj. 可辨别的 638 | discerning adj. 有识别力的，有眼力的 639 | 640 | ==conscious adj.意识到的== 641 | 642 | ==be conscious of 知道，注意到== 643 | 644 | reckon v.估计；期望；认为 645 | 646 | 647 | 648 | ## deem 649 | 650 | v.认为，相信 651 | 652 | 653 | 654 | ## deliberate 655 | 656 | v. 深思熟虑，仔细考虑 657 | 658 | adj. 审慎的 659 | 660 | 661 | 662 | ## deduce 663 | 664 | v.演绎，推论 665 | 666 | 667 | 668 | ## analogy 669 | 670 | n.类比，类推 671 | 672 | analogous adj. 类似的 673 | 674 | by analogy 通过类推法 675 | 676 | 677 | 678 | ## overlap 679 | 680 | v.与……重叠 681 | 682 | 683 | 684 | ## nuance 685 | 686 | n.细微差别 687 | 688 | 689 | 690 | ## inductive 691 | 692 | adj. 归纳的，诱导的 693 | 694 | induce v. 引起；引诱 695 | 696 | 697 | 698 | ## query 699 | 700 | n. 疑问；询问 701 | 702 | ~queue n.行列 v. 排队等候 703 | 704 | 705 | 706 | ## grant 707 | 708 | v. 授予；准予；承认 709 | 710 | take sth. for granted 认为某事是理所应当的 711 | 712 | 713 | 714 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C6_Technology Invention.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## polytechnic 2 | 3 | adj. 有关多种工艺的 4 | 5 | n.理工学院 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## gizmo 10 | 11 | n.小装置 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## devise 16 | 17 | v.设计，发明 18 | 19 | device n. 装置，设备 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ## disclose 24 | 25 | v. 揭露，透露 26 | 27 | ==reveal v. 展现；显示，透露== 28 | 29 | ==uncover v.揭露，发现== 30 | 31 | ==expose v. 使暴露；揭发== 32 | 33 | exposure n. 暴露，揭露 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## realm 38 | 39 | n. 领域 40 | 41 | ==field, domain== 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## gauge 46 | 47 | n. 测量仪器 48 | 49 | v.测量；判断 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## assess 54 | 55 | v.评估；估算 56 | 57 | ==estimate v. 评估== 58 | 59 | assessment n.评估 60 | 61 | ==evaluate v.评价，评估== 62 | 63 | ==devaluation n.贬值== 64 | 65 | evaluate sb. as 把某人作为……进行评价 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## accessory 70 | 71 | n.附件，配件 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | ## byproduct 76 | 77 | bypass n. 旁路 78 | 79 | bypath n.旁道 80 | 81 | bywork n. 业余活计 82 | 83 | byname n.绰号 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ## auxiliary 88 | 89 | adj.辅助的，协助的；备用的 90 | 91 | When there is power shortage, they count on the auxiliary power supply. 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ## versatile 96 | 97 | adj. 多功能的，多用途的 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | ## assemble 102 | 103 | v. 集合，聚集 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## cassette 108 | 109 | n. 盒式磁带；底片盒 110 | 111 | ~case词根 112 | 113 | tape n.磁带；胶带 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | ## high-definition 118 | 119 | adj.高分辨率的 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## pivot 124 | 125 | n. 枢轴，支点；中心，重点 126 | 127 | The mother is often the pivot of family life. 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | ## hydraulic 132 | 133 | adj.水力的，液压的 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | ## sewage 138 | 139 | n.污水 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | ## ventilation 144 | 145 | n.通风；通风设备 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ## condense 150 | 151 | v.简缩，精简；（使气体）凝结 152 | 153 | A long story may be condensed into a few sentences. 154 | 155 | ==refine v. 精炼，提纯== 156 | 157 | refine on 对……进行精微改进 158 | 159 | ==simplify v.简化，精简== 160 | 161 | simplicity n.简单；质朴 162 | 163 | ==purify v.净化，使纯净== 164 | 165 | ==distil v.蒸馏；提取……的精华== 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | ## mould 170 | 171 | v. 浇铸；铸造 172 | 173 | n.模子 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | ## facilitate 178 | 179 | v.使便利，促进 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | ## pinpoint 184 | 185 | v. 精确指名……的位置 186 | 187 | n. 针尖；极小的事物 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | ## contingency 192 | 193 | n.意外事件，可能发生的事 194 | 195 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C7_Culture History.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## convention 2 | 3 | n.惯例；大型会议 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## feudalism 8 | 9 | n. 封建主义；封建制度 10 | 11 | feudal adj. 封建的 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## ethical 16 | 17 | adj.伦理的，道德的 18 | 19 | ==moral adj.道德上的；有道德的== 20 | 21 | immoral adj.不道德的 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## exotic 26 | 27 | adj.外来的；异国情调的 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## anthropologist 32 | 33 | n.人类学家 34 | 35 | anthropology n.人类学 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | ## antique 40 | 41 | n.古董 42 | 43 | adj.古董的 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | ## archaeology 48 | 49 | n.考古学 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | ## excavate 54 | 55 | v.挖掘，发掘 56 | 57 | excavation n. 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## ritual 62 | 63 | n.仪式 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | ## etiquette 68 | 69 | n.礼仪，礼节 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | ## 表达神圣 74 | 75 | sacred 76 | 77 | hallowed 78 | 79 | holy 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | ## 教堂 84 | 85 | pope n.教皇 86 | 87 | bishop n.主教；国际象棋中的象 88 | 89 | missionary n.传教士 90 | 91 | priest n.牧师；神父；教士 92 | 93 | cathedral n. 大教堂 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## 佛教 100 | 101 | monk n.僧侣 102 | 103 | pagoda n.佛塔 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | ## chronology 108 | 109 | n.年表，事件发生顺序表；年代学 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## 表达威严、高贵 114 | 115 | majesty n.威严，壮观；陛下 116 | 117 | majestic adj.宏伟的，庄严的 118 | 119 | nobility n. 高尚的品质；贵族 120 | 121 | noble adj. 贵族的；高贵的 n.贵族成员 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | ## nostalgia 126 | 127 | n.思乡之情；怀旧之情 128 | 129 | The soldiers were filled with nostalgia. 130 | 131 | ==homesick adj.思乡的== 132 | 133 | homesickness n. 思乡情绪 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | ## 表达逆境 138 | 139 | setback n.挫折，阻碍 140 | 141 | adversity n.逆境 142 | 143 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C8_Language Culture.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## pictograph 2 | 3 | n. 象形文字 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ## wedge 8 | 9 | n.楔子；楔形物；楔形文字 10 | 11 | v.填满 12 | 13 | wedgy adj.楔形的 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ## linguistics 18 | 19 | n.语言学 20 | 21 | linguistic adj.语言的 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ## semantic 26 | 27 | n.语义的 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ## syntax 32 | 33 | n.句法 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | ## phonetics 38 | 39 | n. 语音学 40 | 41 | phonetic adj.语音的 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | ## intonation 46 | 47 | n. 语调 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ## inflection 52 | 53 | n.语调的抑扬变化 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ## dialect 58 | 59 | n.方言，地方话 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | ## accent 64 | 65 | n.重音；口音；读音符号 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## utterance 70 | 71 | n.说话；话语 72 | 73 | ==oral adj. 口头的== 74 | 75 | ==verbal adj.口头的== 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | ## phoneme 80 | 81 | n.音位 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | ## vowel 86 | 87 | n.元音 88 | 89 | ~consonant n. 辅音 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | ## logogram 94 | 95 | n.词符，缩记符 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | ## clause 100 | 101 | n. 分句，从句；条款 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## tense 106 | 107 | n. 时态 108 | 109 | adj.紧张的 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | ## prefix 114 | 115 | n.词首，前缀；前置代号 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ## suffix 120 | 121 | n. 后缀，词尾；尾标 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | ## abbreviation 126 | 127 | n. 缩写形式 128 | 129 | abbreviate v.缩写，缩减 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | ## synonym 134 | 135 | n.同义词 136 | 137 | ~antonym n.反义词 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## plural 142 | 143 | n.复数 144 | 145 | adj.复数的；多元的 146 | 147 | pluralism n. 多元主义；多元化；兼职 148 | 149 | a plural society 多元社会 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | ## paraphrase 154 | 155 | v. 意译，改述 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ## decipher 160 | 161 | v.译解 162 | 163 | We can decipher the code intercepted by the broadcasting station. 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## eloquence 168 | 169 | n. 雄辩；流利的口才 170 | 171 | eloquent adj.雄辩的，有口才的 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | ## contention 176 | 177 | n. 争论，争辩；观点 178 | 179 | 词根：content n. 内容 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Vocabulary/C9_Entertainment Activites.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## exponent 2 | 3 | n. 阐述者，倡导者，拥护者 4 | 5 | He is an exxponant of the opinions of Einstein. 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## correspondent 10 | 11 | n. 通信者；通讯员，记者 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## handout 16 | 17 | n. 传单，讲义 18 | 19 | ~leaflet n. 传单 v.散发传单 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ## disseminate 24 | 25 | v. 散布，传播 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ## anticipate 30 | 31 | v.预期，预料 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | ## pastime 36 | 37 | n. 消遣，娱乐 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | ## rumour 42 | 43 | n. 谣言 44 | 45 | ~gossip n.闲聊；流言蜚语 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | ## rehearsal 50 | 51 | n.排练 52 | 53 | The play is in rehearsal now. 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ## 表达模仿 58 | 59 | imitate v.模仿，效仿 60 | 61 | mimic v.模仿，效仿（→过去分词mimicked） 62 | 63 | simulate v.模拟；假装，冒充 64 | 65 | simulative adj. 模拟的；假装的 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | ## aesthetic 70 | 71 | =esthetic 72 | 73 | adj.审美的 74 | 75 | n.审美观 76 | 77 | His aesthetic standards are quite different from mine. 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | ## opt 82 | 83 | v.选择 84 | 85 | ~option n.选择；选择权 86 | 87 | opt for sth. 选择某事物 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | ## portrait 92 | 93 | n.肖像，半身画像 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## improvise 98 | 99 | v.临时做；即兴创作 100 | 101 | improvisation n. 即兴创作 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## 音调/音色 106 | 107 | tone n. 音色；声调；腔调 108 | 109 | This violin has a very good tone. 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | tune n. 曲调；短乐曲 v.调试 114 | 115 | tuner n.调音者 116 | 117 | The violin seems to be out of tune. 118 | 119 | **"tune" 主要与音乐相关，表示一首曲调，而 "tone" 则更广泛地用于描述声音品质、语气或态度。** 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | ## harmonica 124 | 125 | n. 口琴 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | ## flute 130 | 131 | n.长笛 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## tournament 136 | 137 | n. 锦标赛，联赛 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | ## patron 142 | 143 | n. 赞助人；顾客，老主顾 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | ## 表达有活力的 148 | 149 | energetic adj.充满活力的，精力充沛的 150 | 151 | vigorous adj.充满活力的；活跃的，积极的 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | ## sprawl 156 | 157 | v. 伸开四肢坐着；延申，蔓延 158 | 159 | n.（城市中）杂乱无序扩展的地区 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | ## strain 164 | 165 | v. 拉紧；扭伤，拉伤 166 | 167 | n.张力，拉力；紧张 168 | 169 | strain ones body(back/muscle/leg) 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ## billiards 174 | 175 | n.台球 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | ## hockey 180 | 181 | n.曲棍球；冰球 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | ## cricket 186 | 187 | n.板球 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | ## racket 192 | 193 | n.球拍 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | ## pitch 198 | 199 | v.投，掷 200 | 201 | n.球场；（棒球）投球 n.音高 202 | 203 | invade the pitch 涌进球场 204 | 205 | throw a pitch 投球 206 | 207 | ==toss v.扔，抛，掷；使颠簸== 208 | 209 | toss and turn 辗转反侧 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | ## glide 214 | 215 | v.滑动，掠过 216 | 217 | n.滑行 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | ## tumble 222 | 223 | v.摔倒，滚下 224 | 225 | She tumbled on the slick, damp ground. 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | ## plunge 230 | 231 | v.纵身投入；猛跌；（使）投身 232 | 233 | n.跳水，猛跌 234 | 235 | plunge whole-heartedly 全心全意投入 236 | 237 | ==spring v.跳，跳跃== 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | ## stride 242 | 243 | v.大步走，阔步走 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Grammar_Summary_Bar&Pie.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Part 1 动态图 2 | 3 | 雅思写作 Task 1 的 **bar chart（柱状图）** 和 **pie chart（饼图）** 可能是静态的（不同类别的比较）或动态的（随时间变化）。对于**动态图（dynamic charts）**，描述数据的变化趋势是关键，高分语法主要体现在**句式多样性、数据表达精准度、对比手法的使用**等方面。 4 | 5 | ------ 6 | 7 | ## **第一段：引言（Introduction）** 8 | 9 | > **作用**：概述图表主题，不进行数据描述。 10 | > **高分语法**： 11 | 12 | 1. **同义替换题目**： 13 | - *The bar/pie chart illustrates...*（描述图表） 14 | - *The given figures compare...*（强调比较） 15 | - *The proportion of A in relation to B is depicted in the charts...*（强调比例关系） 16 | 2. **时间信息（如果是动态图）**： 17 | - *over a period of X years, from ... to ...* 18 | - *between ... and ...* 19 | - *during the span of ... years* 20 | 21 | ------ 22 | 23 | ## **第二段：总体概述（Overview）** 24 | 25 | > **作用**：总结主要趋势，避免具体数据，使用高级句式表达整体变化趋势。 26 | > **高分语法**： 27 | 28 | 1. **趋势总结句式**： 29 | - *Overall, it is clear that...*（开头句，强调整体变化） 30 | - *A witnessed a steady increase, whereas B showed an opposite trend.*（对比趋势） 31 | 2. **显著特征（最高点/最低点/变化幅度）**： 32 | - *The most noticeable trend is that...*（最显眼的趋势） 33 | - *A peaked at X in (year), making it the highest figure.*（描述峰值） 34 | - *The lowest point was recorded in (year) at X.*（描述最低点） 35 | 3. **对比句式**： 36 | - *While A experienced a rise, B declined sharply.*（用 while 连接对比） 37 | - *In contrast to A, which soared, B remained relatively stable.*（对比稳定性） 38 | 39 | ------ 40 | 41 | ## **第三段：详细数据描述（第一组数据）** 42 | 43 | > **作用**：详细描述图表中的一个主要趋势，使用精准数据表达。 44 | > **高分语法**： 45 | 46 | 1. **数据描述（时间+数值+变化）** 47 | - *In 2010, A stood at 25%, but this figure jumped to 50% in 2020.*（基础句式） 48 | - *Between 2010 and 2020, A doubled from 25% to 50%.*（倍数变化） 49 | - *A saw a significant rise of 25 percentage points over the period.*（强调增长量） 50 | 2. **变化趋势词汇（多样化表达）** 51 | - *surge, soar, climb, increase, rise*（上升） 52 | - *drop, plummet, decline, decrease, fall*（下降） 53 | - *fluctuate, remain steady, level off*（波动或稳定） 54 | 3. **被动语态（提升正式度）** 55 | - *A sharp increase was observed in...*（“被观察到” 更正式） 56 | - *The percentage of A was halved over the period.*（强调变化结果） 57 | 58 | ------ 59 | 60 | ## **第四段：详细数据描述（第二组数据）** 61 | 62 | > **作用**：描述另一组对比数据，强调差异或相似性。 63 | > **高分语法**： 64 | 65 | 1. **对比句式**： 66 | - *Unlike A, which surged, B declined gradually.*（句首对比） 67 | - *The figure for A was twice as high as that of B in 2015.*（倍数表达） 68 | - *Compared to A, B remained relatively stable.*（使用 compared to） 69 | 2. **最高级表达（极端值）** 70 | - *The most dramatic increase was recorded in...* 71 | - *The least significant change occurred in...* 72 | - *A reached its peak in (year), marking the highest figure.* 73 | 3. **因果分析（适当推测原因）** 74 | - *This increase could be attributed to...*（可能归因于） 75 | - *A possible explanation for this trend is that...*（可能的解释） 76 | 77 | ------ 78 | 79 | ## **第五段：总结（Conclusion，可选）** 80 | 81 | > **作用**：简要总结主要趋势，不新增数据。 82 | > **高分语法**： 83 | 84 | 1. **整体总结**： 85 | - *In summary, A showed a significant upward trend, while B exhibited an overall decline.* 86 | - *To conclude, the data suggests that...*（用 suggest 表达趋势） 87 | 2. **预测（适用于近年数据）**： 88 | - *If this trend continues, A is likely to increase further.* 89 | - *It is expected that B will remain stable in the coming years.* 90 | 91 | ------ 92 | 93 | ## **补充：一些高级数据表达** 94 | 95 | 1. **倍数表达**： 96 | - *A was three times higher than B.*（A是B的三倍） 97 | - *B accounted for half of A.*（B占A的一半） 98 | 2. **比例表达（用于饼图）**： 99 | - *A made up 30% of the total.*（A占30%） 100 | - *One-third of the total belonged to A.*（三分之一属于A） 101 | 3. **波动表达（适用于变化不稳定的图表）** 102 | - *The figure for A fluctuated between 10% and 30% over the period.* 103 | - *After a sharp rise, A leveled off at 40%.* 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | # Part 1 静态图 108 | 109 | 雅思写作 Task 1 静态图（Static Charts）主要指 **bar charts（柱状图）** 和 **pie charts（饼图）**，它们展示的是**不同类别的数据对比，而不是时间变化**。高分写作的关键是**精准描述数据、使用多样化表达、突出对比关系**。 110 | 111 | ------ 112 | 113 | ## **第一段：引言（Introduction）** 114 | 115 | > **作用**：概述图表主题，不描述具体数据。 116 | > **高分语法**： 117 | 118 | 1. **同义替换题目** 119 | - *The bar/pie chart illustrates...*（基础句式） 120 | - *The given chart compares the percentage/proportion of...*（强调比较） 121 | - *The figures depict the distribution of...*（用于饼图） 122 | 2. **添加范围和单位** 123 | - *The data is measured in (percentage, millions, etc.).*（数据单位） 124 | - *The comparison is made across (categories/countries/sectors).*（强调对比） 125 | 126 | ------ 127 | 128 | ## **第二段：总体概述（Overview）** 129 | 130 | > **作用**：总结主要特点，避免具体数据，突出最大、最小值或显著对比。 131 | > **高分语法**： 132 | 133 | 1. **常见开头句** 134 | - *Overall, it is evident that...*（概括主要特征） 135 | - *A clear disparity can be observed between...*（强调差异） 136 | 2. **突出最高/最低值** 137 | - *The highest percentage of A was recorded in...* 138 | - *The category with the lowest proportion was...* 139 | - *A accounted for the largest share, whereas B was the smallest contributor.*（饼图常用） 140 | 3. **强调对比** 141 | - *While A was the dominant category, B accounted for significantly less.* 142 | - *A and B had similar proportions, whereas C lagged behind.* 143 | 144 | ------ 145 | 146 | ## **第三段：详细数据描述（第一组数据）** 147 | 148 | > **作用**：具体描述某些类别的数据，使用多种表达方式。 149 | > **高分语法**： 150 | 151 | 1. **基础数据描述** 152 | - *A accounted for 30% of the total, whereas B represented only 15%.* 153 | - *The percentage of A was twice as high as that of B.* 154 | - *With a share of 40%, A was the most significant contributor.* 155 | 2. **倍数表达** 156 | - *The figure for A was three times higher than that of B.*（A是B的3倍） 157 | - *B constituted only half of A's share.*（B仅为A的一半） 158 | 3. **比较句式** 159 | - *A was slightly higher than B, but significantly lower than C.* 160 | - *A and B had nearly identical proportions, standing at 25% and 27%, respectively.* 161 | 4. **最高级表达** 162 | - *The most prominent category was...*（最显著的类别） 163 | - *The least significant proportion was seen in...*（最小的类别） 164 | 165 | ------ 166 | 167 | ## **第四段：详细数据描述（第二组数据）** 168 | 169 | > **作用**：进一步描述对比数据，提升句式多样性。 170 | > **高分语法**： 171 | 172 | 1. **对比句式** 173 | - *Unlike A, which held the largest proportion, B was relatively insignificant.* 174 | - *In contrast to A, which accounted for 40%, B was much smaller at just 10%.* 175 | 2. **强调相对关系** 176 | - *A was marginally higher than B, whereas C was considerably lower.*（适用于数据接近但不同） 177 | - *The proportion of A exceeded that of B by 15 percentage points.*（强调相差数值） 178 | 3. **分布情况（饼图常用）** 179 | - *Together, A and B made up over half of the total share.* 180 | - *A constituted nearly one-third of the entire distribution.* 181 | 182 | ------ 183 | 184 | ## **第五段：总结（Conclusion，可选）** 185 | 186 | > **作用**：简要总结主要对比，不引入新数据。 187 | > **高分语法**： 188 | 189 | 1. **总结对比趋势** 190 | - *In summary, A was the most dominant category, while B and C had much smaller shares.* 191 | - *Overall, there was a substantial gap between A and the other categories.* 192 | 2. **强调数据分布** 193 | - *The majority of the total was taken up by A, with the remaining portion distributed among B and C.* 194 | - *A significant proportion of the total belonged to A, whereas the rest was relatively evenly distributed.* 195 | 196 | ------ 197 | 198 | ## **补充：一些高级数据表达** 199 | 200 | 1. **百分比/比例表达** 201 | - *A represented 25% of the total, making it a key contributor.* 202 | - *B accounted for one-fifth of the total share.* 203 | - *Nearly half of the distribution was occupied by A.* 204 | 2. **绝对数值 vs. 相对数值** 205 | - *A was 10% higher than B.*（强调数值差距） 206 | - *The percentage of A was nearly equal to the combined total of B and C.*（合并对比） 207 | 3. **强调变化幅度** 208 | - *A was **marginally** higher than B.*（略高） 209 | - *B was **significantly** lower than A.*（显著更低） 210 | - *C and D had **approximately** the same share.*（大致相等） 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | # Part 1 高级连接词、从句 215 | 216 | 在高分雅思写作中，合理使用 **从句** 和 **高级连接词** 能让句子更复杂、更流畅，提高语言的准确性和多样性。以下是一些**常见从句结构和连接词**，并结合 **bar chart** 和 **pie chart** 的语境来展示如何使用它们。 217 | 218 | ------ 219 | 220 | ## **一、使用定语从句（Relative Clauses）** 221 | 222 | 定语从句可以用来**补充说明某个类别或数据的特征**，避免简单句的重复。 223 | 224 | 🔹 **基础句**： 225 | 226 | > *The percentage of people using public transport was the highest at 40%.*（40%的人使用公共交通，占比最高。） 227 | 228 | 🔹 **升级版**（添加定语从句）： 229 | 230 | > *The percentage of people using public transport, **which stood at 40%**, was the highest among all categories.*（使用公共交通的人占40%，这一比例在所有类别中最高。） 231 | 232 | 📌 **其他示例**： 233 | 234 | - *The proportion of energy generated from coal, **which accounted for nearly half of the total**, was significantly higher than that from renewable sources.* 235 | （煤炭发电的比例占据近一半，远高于可再生能源。） 236 | - *The largest share belonged to the USA, **which contributed over 30% to the total consumption**.* 237 | （美国占据最大份额，贡献了超过30%的总消费量。） 238 | 239 | ------ 240 | 241 | ## **二、使用状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）** 242 | 243 | 状语从句可以**解释原因、结果、对比等**，使句子更加流畅和逻辑清晰。 244 | 245 | ### **1. 表示对比（while, whereas, although, even though）** 246 | 247 | 🔹 **基础句**： 248 | 249 | > *The percentage of car users was 60%, and the percentage of bus users was 30%.* 250 | 251 | 🔹 **升级版（使用 whereas）**： 252 | 253 | > *The percentage of car users **was 60%, whereas** the proportion of those using buses was **only half as much**, at 30%.* 254 | > （汽车使用率为60%，而公交车仅占一半，为30%。） 255 | 256 | 📌 **其他示例**： 257 | 258 | - *While the majority of energy came from fossil fuels, renewable sources accounted for a relatively small proportion.* 259 | （尽管大部分能源来自化石燃料，可再生能源的比例相对较小。） 260 | - *Although the percentage of urban residents owning a house was high, the figure for rural areas was even greater.* 261 | （尽管城市居民的住房拥有率很高，但农村地区的比例更大。） 262 | 263 | ### **2. 表示因果（because, since, as, so that）** 264 | 265 | - *Since the proportion of renewable energy is relatively low, reliance on fossil fuels remains high.* 266 | （由于可再生能源的比例较低，对化石燃料的依赖仍然较高。） 267 | - *The percentage of students choosing science subjects was higher than that of arts, **possibly because** of better career prospects in this field.* 268 | （选择科学类科目的学生比例高于艺术类，可能是因为该领域的职业前景更好。） 269 | 270 | ------ 271 | 272 | ## **三、使用名词性从句（Noun Clauses）** 273 | 274 | 名词性从句可以**让数据的描述更加抽象和复杂**，适合**概述和总结**。 275 | 276 | 🔹 **基础句**： 277 | 278 | > *The chart shows that 40% of people preferred fast food.* 279 | 280 | 🔹 **升级版（使用名词性从句）**： 281 | 282 | > *What stands out from the chart is that **nearly half of the respondents** preferred fast food over other meal options.* 283 | > （图表中最突出的一点是，**近一半受访者**更喜欢快餐而非其他饮食选择。） 284 | 285 | 📌 **其他示例**： 286 | 287 | - *One striking feature of the data is that the proportion of online shoppers has significantly increased.* 288 | （数据中一个显著特点是，网购者的比例大幅上升。） 289 | - *It is noticeable that the use of coal as an energy source has dramatically declined.* 290 | （可以注意到，煤炭作为能源的使用量大幅下降。） 291 | 292 | ------ 293 | 294 | ## **四、使用分词短语（Participial Phrases）** 295 | 296 | 分词短语可以**让句子更加简洁，同时表达原因、结果或补充说明**。 297 | 298 | 🔹 **基础句**： 299 | 300 | > *The number of electric vehicle users increased significantly, and this led to a decrease in fuel consumption.* 301 | 302 | 🔹 **升级版（使用分词短语）**： 303 | 304 | > *The number of electric vehicle users increased significantly, **leading to** a decrease in fuel consumption.* 305 | > （电动车用户数量大幅增长，**从而导致**燃油消耗减少。） 306 | 307 | 📌 **其他示例**： 308 | 309 | - *Accounting for nearly 50% of the total energy consumption, fossil fuels remained the dominant energy source.* 310 | （占据近50%的总能耗，化石燃料仍然是主要能源。） 311 | - *Experiencing a sharp decline, the percentage of smokers fell from 30% to 15% over the period.* 312 | （吸烟者比例经历了大幅下降，从30%降至15%。） 313 | 314 | ------ 315 | 316 | ## **五、使用高级连接词（Cohesive Devices）** 317 | 318 | 除了从句，还可以用一些高级连接词让句子更连贯。 319 | 320 | 🔹 **表示递进**： 321 | 322 | - Not only... but also... 323 | 324 | （不仅……而且……） 325 | 326 | - *Not only did the USA have the highest energy consumption, but it also led in carbon emissions.* 327 | （美国不仅能源消耗最高，而且碳排放也最多。） 328 | 329 | - Moreover, Furthermore, In addition 330 | 331 | （此外） 332 | 333 | - *The percentage of solar energy increased considerably. Furthermore, wind energy also saw a slight growth.* 334 | 335 | 🔹 **表示因果**： 336 | 337 | - As a result, Consequently, Hence 338 | 339 | （因此） 340 | 341 | - *The demand for electric cars surged, and as a result, battery production rose significantly.* 342 | 343 | 🔹 **表示对比**： 344 | 345 | - On the other hand, By contrast 346 | 347 | （相比之下） 348 | 349 | - *Europe relied heavily on renewable energy. By contrast, coal was the primary source in Asia.* 350 | 351 | ------ 352 | 353 | ## **总结** 354 | 355 | 如果想要让雅思写作的 Task 1（Bar & Pie Chart）更加高级，可以： 356 | 357 | 1. **用定语从句补充细节**（which, where, whose...） 358 | 2. **用状语从句表达因果/对比**（while, although, because...） 359 | 3. **用名词性从句增强抽象概括能力**（what, that...） 360 | 4. **用分词短语提高表达简洁度**（leading to..., accounting for...） 361 | 5. **用高级连接词增强连贯性**（not only... but also..., consequently, on the other hand...） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Grammar_Summary_Map&Flowchart.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # ** 一、高分句式结构** 2 | 3 | ## **1. 定语从句（Relative Clauses）** 4 | 5 | 定语从句可以**补充说明某个地点或变化的特征**，使句子更流畅。 6 | 7 | 🔹 **基础句**： 8 | 9 | > *A new school was built in the southern part of the town.* 10 | 11 | 🔹 **升级版（定语从句）**： 12 | 13 | > *A new school, **which replaced a small park**, was constructed in the southern part of the town.* 14 | > （一个新的学校在城镇南部建成，**取代了一个小公园**。） 15 | 16 | 📌 **更多示例**： 17 | 18 | - *A shopping mall, **which did not exist in the previous map**, was added to the western area.* 19 | （**之前地图上没有的**购物中心被添加到了西部地区。） 20 | - *The hospital, **which was located in the northeast,** was expanded significantly.* 21 | （位于东北方向的医院**被大幅扩建**。） 22 | 23 | ------ 24 | 25 | ## **2. 状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）** 26 | 27 | 状语从句可以**解释原因、结果、对比等**，提高句子的逻辑性。 28 | 29 | ### **👉 ① 表示对比（while, whereas, although, even though）** 30 | 31 | 🔹 **基础句**： 32 | 33 | > *A residential area was developed, and an industrial zone remained unchanged.* 34 | 35 | 🔹 **升级版（使用 whereas）**： 36 | 37 | > *A residential area was developed in the east, **whereas** the industrial zone in the west **remained unchanged**.* 38 | > （东部发展了住宅区，**而**西部的工业区**保持不变**。） 39 | 40 | 📌 **更多示例**： 41 | 42 | - *Although the main road was expanded, the railway station remained in its original place.* 43 | （尽管主干道扩宽了，火车站仍然保持在原来的位置。） 44 | - *While the farmland in the south was converted into a golf course, the northern forest was left untouched.* 45 | （**南部的农田**被改建成高尔夫球场，**而北部的森林**则保持原状。） 46 | 47 | ------ 48 | 49 | ### **👉 ② 表示因果（because, since, as, so that）** 50 | 51 | - *Since the town experienced rapid urbanization, several new roads were constructed to improve accessibility.* 52 | （**由于**该城镇经历了快速城市化，**因此**修建了几条新道路以改善通行。） 53 | - *The residential area was expanded significantly, **so that** the increasing population could be accommodated.* 54 | （住宅区**被大幅扩展**，**以容纳**不断增长的人口。） 55 | 56 | ------ 57 | 58 | ## **3. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）** 59 | 60 | 名词性从句适合**概述地图的主要变化**，提升整体语言水平。 61 | 62 | 🔹 **基础句**： 63 | 64 | > *The map shows that a new bridge was built over the river.* 65 | 66 | 🔹 **升级版（使用名词性从句）**： 67 | 68 | > *What stands out from the map is **that** a new bridge was built over the river, significantly improving connectivity.* 69 | > （**地图中最突出的一点是**，**一座新桥**修建在河上，极大地改善了通行。） 70 | 71 | 📌 **更多示例**： 72 | 73 | - *One noticeable change is that a school was constructed in the northern part of the city.* 74 | （**一个明显的变化是**，北部建了一所学校。） 75 | - *It is evident that the farmland has been completely replaced by residential buildings.* 76 | （**很明显，农田已经被住宅楼完全取代。**） 77 | 78 | ------ 79 | 80 | ## **4. 分词短语（Participial Phrases）** 81 | 82 | 分词短语可以**让句子更简洁，表达因果或补充说明**。 83 | 84 | 🔹 **基础句**： 85 | 86 | > *A new highway was constructed, and this improved transportation significantly.* 87 | 88 | 🔹 **升级版（使用分词短语）**： 89 | 90 | > *A new highway was constructed, **leading to** a significant improvement in transportation.* 91 | > （**一条新高速公路**被修建，**从而**极大地改善了交通。） 92 | 93 | 📌 **更多示例**： 94 | 95 | - *A stadium was built in the city center, **replacing** an old marketplace.* 96 | （一座体育场**在市中心建成**，**取代了**旧市场。） 97 | - *The park was expanded, **providing** more recreational space for residents.* 98 | （公园被扩展，**为居民提供了**更多休闲空间。） 99 | 100 | ------ 101 | 102 | # ** 二、高级连接词** 103 | 104 | ## **1. 表示变化的连接词** 105 | 106 | - *As a result*（结果是） 107 | - *Consequently*（因此） 108 | - *Hence*（因此） 109 | - *This led to*（导致） 110 | 111 | ✅ **示例**： 112 | 113 | > *The main road was widened, **as a result**, traffic congestion was significantly reduced.* 114 | > （主干道**被拓宽**，**结果是**交通拥堵大幅减少。） 115 | 116 | ------ 117 | 118 | ## **2. 表示对比的连接词** 119 | 120 | - *In contrast*（相比之下） 121 | - *On the other hand*（另一方面） 122 | - *By comparison*（对比之下） 123 | 124 | ✅ **示例**： 125 | 126 | > *The northern part of the city saw extensive development. **In contrast**, the southern area remained largely unchanged.* 127 | > （**北部城市**经历了大规模开发，**相比之下**，南部地区基本保持不变。） 128 | 129 | ------ 130 | 131 | ## **3. 表示递进的连接词** 132 | 133 | - *Furthermore*（此外） 134 | - *Moreover*（而且） 135 | - *In addition*（另外） 136 | 137 | ✅ **示例**： 138 | 139 | > *A new hospital was built in the western area. **Moreover**, several new residential buildings were added nearby.* 140 | > （西部地区**建了一家新医院**，**此外**，附近还增加了几栋住宅楼。） 141 | 142 | ------ 143 | 144 | # ** 三、地图题高分示范句** 145 | 146 | ✅ **基础句**： 147 | 148 | > *The farmland in the east was replaced by residential buildings.* 149 | 150 | ✅ **高级句**（结合多个高分语法）： 151 | 152 | > *The farmland, **which was originally located in the eastern part of the town**, was completely replaced by residential buildings, **leading to** a significant increase in housing capacity.* 153 | > （**最初位于城镇东部的农田**完全**被住宅楼取代**，**从而**大幅增加了住房容量。） 154 | 155 | ✅ **再升级**（加入名词性从句 & 连接词）： 156 | 157 | > *One of the most noticeable changes is **that** the farmland in the east, **which previously occupied a vast area**, was transformed into a large residential complex. **As a result**, the number of housing units increased dramatically.* 158 | > （**最明显的变化之一是**，**曾经占据大片土地的农田**被改造成一个大型住宅区，**结果是**住房数量大幅增加。） 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | # Flowchart 165 | 166 | 流程图（Flowchart）在雅思写作Task 1中，主要描述一个**过程**，通常涉及多个**步骤**、**阶段**或**循环**。要获得高分，需要： 167 | 168 | ✅ **精准描述步骤**（使用被动语态、分词结构） 169 | ✅ **体现逻辑关系**（因果、顺序、目的） 170 | ✅ **提升句式复杂度**（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等） 171 | 172 | ------ 173 | 174 | # ** 一、高分句式结构** 175 | 176 | ## **1. 被动语态（Passive Voice）** 177 | 178 | 流程图通常描述一个**客观过程**，所以**被动语态**是必不可少的。 179 | 180 | 🔹 **基础句**： 181 | 182 | > *Workers collect raw materials and transport them to the factory.* 183 | 184 | 🔹 **升级版（使用被动语态）**： 185 | 186 | > *Raw materials **are collected** and **transported** to the factory.* 187 | > （原材料**被收集并运送**到工厂。） 188 | 189 | 📌 **更多示例**： 190 | 191 | - *The mixture **is heated** to a temperature of 100°C before being transferred to the next stage.* 192 | （混合物**被加热**到100°C后，再进入下一阶段。） 193 | - *The final product **is packaged** and **distributed** to retailers.* 194 | （最终产品**被包装并分发**到零售商。） 195 | 196 | ------ 197 | 198 | ## **2. 定语从句（Relative Clauses）** 199 | 200 | 定语从句可以**补充说明某个步骤的作用或特征**，让句子更流畅。 201 | 202 | 🔹 **基础句**： 203 | 204 | > *The mixture is filtered, and impurities are removed.* 205 | 206 | 🔹 **升级版（使用定语从句）**： 207 | 208 | > *The mixture, **which contains various substances**, is filtered to remove impurities.* 209 | > （**含有各种物质的**混合物**被过滤**以去除杂质。） 210 | 211 | 📌 **更多示例**： 212 | 213 | - *The collected waste, **which consists of organic and inorganic materials**, is sorted accordingly.* 214 | （**收集的废料**包括有机物和无机物，并被相应分类。） 215 | - *The extracted liquid, **which is then stored in large tanks**, undergoes further processing.* 216 | （**提取出的液体**随后存放在大罐中，并进入进一步加工。） 217 | 218 | ------ 219 | 220 | ## **3. 状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）** 221 | 222 | 状语从句可以**描述时间、原因、对比、结果等**，提升逻辑性。 223 | 224 | ### **👉 ① 时间状语从句（after, before, once, as soon as）** 225 | 226 | - *Once the materials **are crushed**, they **are transferred** to the grinding machine.* 227 | （一旦原料被粉碎，就会被传输到研磨机。） 228 | - *Before the final product **is packaged**, it **undergoes** a quality control check.* 229 | （在最终产品**被包装之前**，它会经历质量检查。） 230 | 231 | ------ 232 | 233 | ### **👉 ② 目的状语从句（so that, in order to）** 234 | 235 | - *The liquid **is cooled** so that it can be solidified.* 236 | （液体**被冷却**，以便凝固。） 237 | - *In order to separate large particles, the mixture **is passed through a sieve**.* 238 | （为了分离大颗粒，混合物**通过筛网过滤**。） 239 | 240 | ------ 241 | 242 | ### **👉 ③ 因果状语从句（because, since, as, therefore）** 243 | 244 | - *Since the temperature is too high, the solution **is left to cool** for several hours.* 245 | （**由于温度过高**，溶液**需要冷却**数小时。） 246 | - *The paste **is dried** under high heat because it contains a large amount of moisture.* 247 | （糊状物**被高温烘干**，因为它含有大量水分。） 248 | 249 | ------ 250 | 251 | ## **4. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）** 252 | 253 | 名词性从句可以**总结流程的关键步骤**，让表达更加正式和概括。 254 | 255 | 🔹 **基础句**： 256 | 257 | > *The diagram shows the process of making paper.* 258 | 259 | 🔹 **升级版（使用名词性从句）**： 260 | 261 | > *What the diagram illustrates is **how paper is produced from raw materials**.* 262 | > （**该图展示的是**如何用原材料生产纸张。） 263 | 264 | 📌 **更多示例**： 265 | 266 | - *It is evident that the raw materials **must be processed** before they are used in production.* 267 | （**很明显，原材料在投入生产前必须被处理。**） 268 | - *One noticeable feature is that the process involves multiple filtration stages.* 269 | （**一个显著特点是**，该过程涉及多个过滤阶段。） 270 | 271 | ------ 272 | 273 | ## **5. 分词短语（Participial Phrases）** 274 | 275 | 分词短语可以**让句子更简洁，表达因果或补充说明**。 276 | 277 | 🔹 **基础句**： 278 | 279 | > *The materials are heated, and this softens them.* 280 | 281 | 🔹 **升级版（使用分词短语）**： 282 | 283 | > *The materials are heated, **softening them** before they are molded.* 284 | > （材料**被加热**，从而使其软化，以便成型。） 285 | 286 | 📌 **更多示例**： 287 | 288 | - *Crushed into fine powder, the raw materials **are then mixed with water**.* 289 | （**被粉碎成细粉后**，原料**与水混合**。） 290 | - *Stored in large containers, the chemicals **are later transported to factories** for further processing.* 291 | （**存放在大型容器中后**，化学品**随后被运往工厂**进行进一步加工。） 292 | 293 | ------ 294 | 295 | # **二、高级连接词** 296 | 297 | ## **1. 表示顺序** 298 | 299 | - *Initially*（最初） 300 | - *Subsequently*（随后） 301 | - *After that*（之后） 302 | - *In the final stage*（在最后阶段） 303 | 304 | ✅ **示例**： 305 | 306 | > *Initially, the raw materials are crushed. **Subsequently**, they are mixed with water and heated.* 307 | > （**最初**，原材料**被粉碎**。**随后**，它们**被混合并加热**。） 308 | 309 | ------ 310 | 311 | ## **2. 表示因果** 312 | 313 | - *As a result*（结果是） 314 | - *Consequently*（因此） 315 | - *This leads to*（导致） 316 | 317 | ✅ **示例**： 318 | 319 | > *The temperature is reduced gradually. **As a result**, the substance solidifies into small granules.* 320 | > （温度**逐渐降低**，**结果是**物质**凝固成小颗粒**。） 321 | 322 | ------ 323 | 324 | ## **3. 表示对比** 325 | 326 | - *In contrast*（相比之下） 327 | - *On the other hand*（另一方面） 328 | 329 | ✅ **示例**： 330 | 331 | > *Some materials are recycled for reuse. **On the other hand**, certain chemicals are discarded due to their toxicity.* 332 | > （**一些材料**被回收再利用，**另一方面**，某些化学品因其毒性而被丢弃。） 333 | 334 | ------ 335 | 336 | # ** 三、流程图高分示范句** 337 | 338 | ✅ **基础句**： 339 | 340 | > *The harvested crops are dried before being packaged.* 341 | 342 | ✅ **高级句**（结合多个高分语法）： 343 | 344 | > *Once the crops **are harvested**, they **are dried thoroughly** under controlled conditions, **ensuring that** moisture content is minimized before packaging.* 345 | > （一旦作物**被收割**，它们**在受控条件下充分干燥**，**以确保**水分含量在包装前降至最低。） 346 | 347 | ✅ **再升级**（加入被动语态 & 连接词）： 348 | 349 | > *Initially, the harvested crops **are transported** to a processing facility, **where they are dried thoroughly**. **Subsequently**, they **undergo quality inspection**, after which they **are packaged** and **distributed** to markets.* 350 | > （最初，收割的作物**被运送**到加工厂，**在那里**它们**被充分干燥**。**随后**，它们**经过质量检测**，然后**被包装并分销**到市场。） 351 | 352 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part1 Bar&Pie_Chart.assets/image-20240415195623403.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part1 Bar&Pie_Chart.assets/image-20240415195623403.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part1 Bar&Pie_Chart.assets/image-20240415195706463.png: 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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3 Discuss.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. 2 | 3 | Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Some people hold the point that university or college contribute best to a successful career while others think that it's better to find a job straight after school. In my opinion, I support the former one. 8 | 9 | For the former opinion, it revels the thought that students can obtain professional skills and accumulate expertise after they enter the university. In this sense, when they intend to find a job, the skills they learnt at school may help them get the job more easily and even get promotions after they start the employment. Also when they are facing the problem, they can think of a better solution by theoretical analysis. On the opposite side, if they don't go to college, they won't get any knowledge or skills before they find the job. As a consequence, they become less competitive when seeking for employment. What's more, due to the lack of skills and knowledge, they can't probably find the job that really needs advanced skills, as a result of which they have to spend more time to get promotion. By contrast, if one choose to study at university are more possible to get a brighter career. 10 | 11 | For the latter opinion, it shows the idea that students are not compulsorily needed to go to the college. Instead, they can just go to get a work right after high school. In this situation, they can get more time working in the society, which can help them obtain more practical skills. These skills are different from the skills learnt from the college, which is more hands-on. Also 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ## tips 16 | 17 | Some people would argue that... 18 | 19 | It is argued that.../ It is said that... 20 | 21 | supporters/proponents/advocates of sth would argue that... 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | receive higher education / tertiary education/ advanced education attend/ enter university or college 26 | 27 | success in career development/ prospective 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | It is argued that whether university or college better contribute to a successful career. Supporters of views that university in not compulsory needed to a better career would argue that going to work in advance can help them obtain practical skills while proponents of the opposite opinion hold the state that knowledge and theorical skills are more valuable to a successful career. 32 | 33 | ensure brighter career prospects. 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | For example, ... students who major in..., especially those graduating from prestigious universities, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240512223329889.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240512223329889.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240512225635502.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240512225635502.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150104193.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150104193.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150208502.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150208502.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150739423.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519150739423.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519151204327.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240519151204327.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528213044558.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528213044558.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528215501203.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528215501203.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528220724466.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528220724466.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528221652599.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Part3.assets/image-20240528221652599.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Criminal.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 犯罪控制 2 | 3 | 其考查方向主要包括：**犯罪的形成原因（先天基因/后天环境影响）、青少年犯罪的原因和解决方法、罪犯的改造方式（监禁/教育）、媒体中的暴力镜头管控**（见下面典型考题）。 4 | 5 | 所以相应的语料就可以从这三个方面来准备：**犯罪的缘由、犯罪的解决方法、罪犯的处理**。 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ## 犯罪的缘由 10 | 11 | ### 经济商业 12 | 13 | 1. **衰退的经济**(declining economy)和**不断增长的失业率**(increasing unemployment rate) 14 | 2. **收入差距的迅速扩大**(the widening disparity in income) 15 | 3. 缺乏**社会福利体系**(social welfare system)**未能给各阶层的人们提供财政支持**(fail to provide financial assistance to different classes of people ) 16 | 4. **对物质的沉迷**(be addicted to material possessions) 17 | 5. **不能维持生计**(difficulty in making ends meet ) 18 | 6. **经济贫困**(economic deprivation)是**最主要原因**(can be a major contributor) 19 | 7. **在发达与欠发达国家所出现的社会和经济不平等渐增**(the growing social and economic inequality in both developed and less developed countries) 20 | 21 | 8. **复杂的社会和经济问题**(complicated socioeconomic issues) 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ### 情感特质 26 | 27 | 1. **童年经历变故**(traumatized childhood ) 28 | 2. **来自暴力或离异家庭**(grow up in violent and divorced families) 29 | 3. **家长的忽视**(parental neglect) 30 | 4. **目睹父母之间的冲突和暴力**(may have witnessed conflicts and violence between their parents) 31 | 5. **有酗酒,赌博或毒品上瘾的父母**(parents addicted to drugs, alcohol or gambling) 32 | 6. **屈服于同辈的压力**(may succumb to peer pressure) 33 | 7. **寻找刺激**(seek excitement) 34 | 8. **缺乏共情**(lack of empathy) 35 | 36 | 9. **大脑功能损伤**(brain damage)**可能导致反社会行为**(may lead to anti-social behavior) 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | ### 生命生活 41 | 42 | 1. **滥用毒品酒精**(abuse drugs or alcohol) 43 | 2. **来自贫穷的背景**(come from financially deprived backgrounds) 44 | 3. **基本需求**(basic needs)**没有被满足**(have not been met) 45 | 4. **社会压力** (societal pressure) 46 | 5. **不利的环境**(disadvantaged circumstances)**导致不理性行为**(lead to irrational behaviors) 47 | 48 | 6. 可能**被犯罪多发的环境所影响**(can be negatively influenced by a high-crime neighborhood) 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | ### 政府政策 53 | 54 | 1. **未推行有威慑力的法律制度**(have not enacted deterrent legal systems) 55 | 56 | 2. **司法体系不公平**(unfair judicial system) 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | ### 新闻媒体 61 | 62 | 1. **大众传媒带来的负面影响**(negative effects brought about by the mass media) 63 | 2. **大量报道暴力犯罪细节**(excessive news coverage concerning violence and crime) 64 | 3. **报道耸人听闻的罪行**(report sensational crimes)来吸引读者和观众 65 | 4. **网络上有大量关于色情和暴力的信息**(abundant information on violence and pornography on the internet) 66 | 5. **英雄化犯罪行为**(the heroization of criminal behaviors)会**引起犯罪意愿**(arouse intentions to commit crimes) 67 | 6. 电影和音乐录像中有**美化犯罪**(glamourize crime)和犯罪生活方式的图片 68 | 7. 年轻人尤其会**被这些美化的图片影响**(may be susceptible to such images) 69 | 8. 如果人们经常看到犯罪，犯罪会**被正常化**(could be normalized) 70 | 71 | 9. 描述犯罪细节**会使人们模仿罪犯的犯罪手段**(may lead to people copying criminal acts) 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | ## 犯罪的解决方法 76 | 77 | ### 政府政策 78 | 79 | 1. **推行更严格的政策**(enact stricter policies) 80 | 2. **延长刑期**(prolong imprisonment) 81 | 3. **实施严格惩罚威慑犯罪**(impose harsh punishments to **deter** people from crime) 82 | 4. **缩小贫富差距**(narrow the economic differences between rich and poor) 83 | 5. **告知人们毒品和武器的影响**(inform the public of the effects of drugs and weapons) 84 | 6. **提高公民自我保护意识**(raise people’s awareness of self-protection) 85 | 7. **开展道德教育项目**(launch moral education programs) 86 | 8. **注重枪支控制**(pay attention to gun control) 87 | 9. **投资公共安全**(invest in the public security) 88 | 10. **在公共场所部属更多警力以威慑潜在罪犯**(deploy more of the police force in public places to deter potential criminals) 89 | 11. **增加街上巡逻警察的数量**(increase the number of policemen on patrol in the streets) 90 | 91 | 12. **前罪犯**(ex-offenders)与青少年交谈能带来艰苦监狱生活的真实分享，对青少年**有深远的影响**(have a profound impact on young people) 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ### 情感特质 96 | 97 | 1. **给受害者和家属带来安慰**(offer victims and their families consolation) 98 | 99 | 2. **更有同情心的方法**(a more sympathetic approach)**可能会产生更好的结果**(may produce better results) 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | ### 新闻媒体 104 | 105 | 1. **电影分级制度**(movie rating system) 106 | 2. **限制各种媒体形式的暴力内容**(control violent contents on different forms of the media) 107 | 3. **减少对于媒体中的暴力场景的接触**(reduce exposure to the violence on social media) 108 | 4. **限制接触现代世界的负面感受和意见**(limit the access to negative feelings and opinions of the modern world) 109 | 5. **干预以限制小屏幕和大屏幕的暴力描述**(intervene to limit the depictions of violence on both small and big screens) (注意：the small screen指电视，the big screen 指电影) 110 | 6. **管控电视和电影的产出**(regulate the output of the television and film) 111 | 112 | 7. 政府有责任**限制对这些描述的报导**(limit the exposure to these descriptions) 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | ### 人类人才 117 | 118 | 1. **强调良好行为的好处、如何与他人互动以及合作解决问题的重要性**(emphasize on the benefits of good behaviors and the importance of collaboration with others to solve problems) 119 | 2. **教育年轻的暴力犯罪者如何解决冲突**(teach young violent criminals how to solve conflicts) 120 | 121 | 3. **帮助解决犯罪行为的原因**(help tackle the causes of criminal behaviors) 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | ### 生命生活 126 | 127 | 1. **监控公共摄像头**(monitor surveillance cameras in public places) 128 | 2. **提高家庭安全系统**(improve domestic security system) 129 | 3. **建立社区巡逻队**(set up community patrols) 130 | 131 | 4. **给予支持与指导**(provide support and guidance) 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | ## 犯罪的处理 136 | 137 | ### 政府政策 138 | 139 | 1. **监禁**(imprisonment) 140 | 2. **威慑罪犯不再犯罪**(deter criminals from engaging in more violent offenses) 141 | 3. **告知他们错误行为的代价**(warn people of the severe consequences of committing a crime ) 142 | 4. **给予监督**(bring people under supervision) 143 | 5. **无论年龄，对待肇事者一视同仁**(treat the perpetrators the same, regardless of their age) 144 | 6. 剥夺某人的自由被看作是**终极惩罚**(ultimate punishment) 145 | 146 | 7. 教育**优先于监禁**(take precedence over incarceration) 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | ### 情感特质 151 | 152 | 1. **培养正确的道德行为**(develop correct moral behaviors) 153 | 2. **教授好公民的基本价值观**(educate citizens with the basic values) 154 | 3. **改变罪犯的心态**(change the mentality of criminals) 155 | 4. **反思给受害者造成的身心伤害**(reflect on the physical and mental damages to the victims) 156 | 5. **考虑年轻人的思想和成长阶段**(take into account the mind of the young and the stage of their growth) 157 | 158 | 6. **培养更强的自尊意识和自豪感**(instill a greater awareness of and a greater sense of pride) 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | ### 人类人才 163 | 164 | 1. **提供教育课程**(offer educational programs) 165 | 2. **提供康复咨询**(provide counselling rehabilitation) 166 | 3. **鼓励罪犯参加身心锻炼**(encourage criminals to participate in physical and mental exercises) 167 | 4. **出狱后，帮助他们融入社会**(help them fit in their community after released from the prison) 168 | 5. **投资职业教育**(invest more in vocational education) 169 | 170 | 6. **社区工作与教育结合**(may combine community work with education) 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | ### 工作效率 175 | 176 | 1. **参加社区工作**(participate in community service ) 177 | 2. **清扫街道改善当地环境**(improve local areas by cleaning streets ) 178 | 3. **提供参加工作项目的机会**(provide opportunities to engage in work programs) 179 | 4. **提高找到工作的机率**(increase the chances of finding an employment) 180 | 181 | 5. **帮助他们满足职场的要求**(help them meet the requirements of job markets) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Culture.assets/image-20250303172313260.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Culture.assets/image-20250303172313260.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Education.assets/image-20250228225134539.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Education.assets/image-20250228225134539.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Education.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 教育话题介绍 2 | 3 | 关于雅思写作中的教育话题包括以下三点： 4 | 5 | 1. 教育方式 6 | 2. 教育意义 7 | 3. 教育科技 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | # 教育方式 12 | 13 | ### 背景 14 | 15 | 随着技术的发展，越来越多的人开始重新审视去学校上课这种传统的教育方式，并开始尝试在家上课和线上上课等现代模式。那么学校教育是否能够完全被替代呢？ 16 | 17 | 上述问题可以归结为两个大类： 18 | 19 | 1. **家庭与网络远程教育的优势** 20 | 2. **学校教育的重要性** 21 | 22 | 万能理由可以参考以下的图片（Telephones）： 23 | 24 | ![image-20250228225134539](Education.assets/image-20250228225134539.png) 25 | 26 | 这里选择**生命生活Life、工作效率Occupation、经济商业Economy、情感特质Emotion**这四个角度来构思。 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | ## 家庭和网络远程教育的优势 31 | 32 | ### 经济商业Economy 33 | 34 | 1. 省去上学的路费 transport to school 35 | 2. 省去学校所需的相关开销 school-related expenses 36 | 37 | 因为没有了学校的实体 bricks and mortar，不用需要雇人去清洁以及维护 maintenance，能更加节约成本 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | ### 生命生活Life 42 | 43 | 1. 免于遭受校园暴力 school bullying 44 | 2. 降低交通事故风险的概率 reduce the probability of traffic accidents 45 | 3. 更好照顾到 take better care of 一些特殊的学生，如有身体残疾 physical disabilities 或学习障碍的 learning disabilities 46 | 4. 学生可以提高生活技能 be more proficient at life skills 比如做饭打扫房间等 home education的好处... 47 | 5. 孩子**有充足的时间** （have ample time）**追求自己的兴趣爱好** （pursue their own hobbies and interests） 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | ### 情感特质Emotion 52 | 53 | 1. 没有社交和朋辈压力 lower social or peer pressure，可以更真实表达和展现自我 express their true selves 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | ### 工作效率 60 | 61 | 1. 熟练掌握 get familiar with 电脑常用软件使用 practical computer software，提高远程协作 collaborate remotely能力，提高就业力 employability 62 | 2. 不必辞退工作也可以继续接受教育 63 | 3. 减轻竞争压力 competitive pressure，提高自尊 boost self-esteem 和学习动力 learning motivation 64 | 4. 不用去学校，节省路上的时间和精力 save time and energy 65 | 5. 可以按照自己的偏好 personal preference 来安排学习时间，保障好的学习状态 ensure a positive state of learning，避免过度劳累avoid overwork 66 | 6. 可以按照自己的节奏学习 study at their own pace 而无需考虑其他学生 regardless of other students 67 | 7. 教学方法可以跟据每一个学生的学习习惯来制定（量身定做 tailor-made，使得学生以最佳水平学习 learn at an optimal level 68 | 8. 可以根据兴趣调整课程计划 adjust lesson plans 69 | 9. 父母可以亲自监督孩子学习 monitor 70 | 10. 通过回放录音录像 replay the audio or video 更方便复习 71 | 11. **锻炼时间管理能力**（practice time management skills） 72 | 12. 允许更灵活的时间安排 allow for a much more flexible schedule，学生可以自由调整日程 have the freedom to adjust schedules 73 | 13. 网上有丰富的资源 have an abundance of resources 可以学习到课程外的知识 74 | 14. 互联网宽带的增加 the increase in bandwidth of the Internet 和机器学习软件 machine learning software 能更好地针对个人优缺点 respond to an individual's strengths and weakness 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | ## 学校教育的优势 79 | 80 | ### 情感特质Emotion 81 | 82 | 1. 更多机会与同龄人互动 interact with peers 并建立友谊 form friendship 83 | 2. 同学和老师的鼓励 encouragement 有利于提高信心 improve confidence 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | ### 人类人才Human 88 | 89 | 1. 定期参与 regular participation in 体育课和室外活动，有利于身体健康 is conducive to physical health 90 | 2. 老师和同学的鼓励可以缓解焦虑 relieve anxiety 等心理问题 psychological problems 91 | 3. 学校要求学生少吃垃圾食品 eat less junk food 并形成健康的饮食习惯 adopt healthy eating habits 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | ### 工作效率 96 | 97 | 1. 团队活动培养团队意识 cultivate team spirit，提高合作能力 improve the ability to cooperate 98 | 2. 学会理解和照顾别人的感受 care for others' feelings，以及处理冲突deal with conflicts，提高社交能力 imporve social skills 99 | 3. 老师能够及时解答学生的疑问 answer students' questions in a timely way 100 | 4. 提供理想的学习分为 provide an ideal learning atmosphere，因为几乎没有让人分心的事物 distractions 101 | 5. 朋辈压力和老师的监督能保证学生按时完成任务 complete tasks on time，取得进步 make progress 102 | 6. 系统的教学计划 a systematic teaching plan 辅助 assist 学生定期复习，巩固 consolidate 所学知识 103 | 7. 组织定期考试 set regular examinations 能够及时发现学生的不足 104 | 8. 同学之间的竞争提供学习动力 provide motivation for learning 105 | 9. 学习基本的社会准则 basic social rules，如守时 punctuality、不能作弊等，以更好规范学生行为 better regulate students' behavior 106 | 10. 同学可以了解彼此的观点 learn from each other's perspective,因此学会从不同角度思考问题 think from different angles 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | ### 生命生活 111 | 112 | 1. 保障学生远离 protect students from 犯罪crime 等危险因素 113 | 2. 学校的法制教育legal education 能够提升学生安全意识 enhance student's safety awareness 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | # 教育意义 120 | 121 | 面对教育意义相关考题，可以从TELEPHONES中的科学技术Science、工作效率Occupation、传统文化Tradition、情感特质Emotion、政府政策Policy、生命生活Life这六个角度构思 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | ## 学校教育的作用 126 | 127 | ### 科学技术Science 128 | 129 | 1. 学习逻辑思维acquire logical thinking、理性态度rational attitude、分析技巧analytical skills 130 | 2. 学习分析以及解释数据analyse and interpret data，运用数学和计算思维computational thinking 131 | 3. 跟据证据进行论证engage in argument from evidence 132 | 4. 获取、评估和处理信息obtain, evaluate and process information 133 | 5. 掌握前沿技术master cutting-edge technology，及时了解keep up to date with技术和其他方面的发展 134 | 6. 拓展知识面expand the scope of knowledge 135 | 7. 了解自然和宇宙的基本规律rules of nature 136 | 8. 增加大脑活动，提高智力boost brain activities and promote intelligence 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | ### 工作效率Occupation 141 | 142 | 1. 提升团队精神promote team spirit，合作能力 143 | 2. 提供解决问题的能力相关的训练provide useful training in problem-solving skills 144 | 3. 很好掌握沟通和社交能力，表达和分享观点get a good grasp of communication and social skills, express and share ideas 145 | 4. 培养领导力和管理能力develop leadership and management skills 146 | 5. 获取专业知识develop expertise和提供职业培训provide vocational training 147 | 6. 获得工作所需的资质和学历obtain qualifications and degrees required in the job market 148 | 7. 帮助在工作场所变得有竞争力become competitive in the workplace 149 | 8. 更擅长处理多重任务 be better at multi-tasking 和困难的脑力工作difficult mental tasks 150 | 9. 规范学生行为modify students' behaviours，让学生有礼貌have good manners 151 | 10. 树立道德上合理的价值观和世界观foster morally sound values and outlook 152 | 11. 区分是非对错distinguish right from wrong 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | ### 传统文化（历史、语言、文学方面）Tradition 157 | 158 | 1. 学习批判性思考learn to think critically，理解不同的观点understand different perspectives 159 | 2. 提升读写能力promote literacy level 160 | 3. 提升表达和理解能力expressive and understanding skills 161 | 4. 学习想象力imaginative skill、创造性思维creative thinking、独创性originality 162 | 5. 具有**强烈的文化认同感和民族意识**（a strong sense of cultural identity and nationhood），有利于**统一** （unify the population） 163 | 6. **接受其他文化** （embrace other cultures） 164 | 7. **提升视觉认知能力和艺术技巧**（improve visual literacy and artistic skills） 165 | 8. **学习提高文学和艺术的鉴赏能力** (learn to grow an appreciation of art and literature) 166 | 9. **传承传统文化和民族习俗**（inherit traditional culture and national customs） 167 | 10. **从过去的错误中吸取教训**（learn from the past mistakes），避免将来再犯 168 | 11. **提升跨文化意识和理解**（increase cross-cultural awareness and understanding），**对于和自己不同的想法更加开放和包容** （be more open-minded and more tolerant to ideas different from their own） 169 | 12. 了解过去有助于我们**理解当前生活的各个方面**（appreciate the different aspects of life at present） 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | ### 情感特质Emotions 174 | 175 | 1. **能够管理情绪**（be able to manage emotions） 176 | 2. 学习怎样**释放压力**（release pressure），**应对压力**（cope with stress） 177 | 3. **保持健康体重**（maintain a healthy weight） 178 | 4. **拥有积极乐观的人生态度**（have a positive attitude to life） 179 | 5. **鼓励积极的自尊心**（encourage good self-esteem） 180 | 6. 自我实现/自我探索，**塑造个性**（shape personalities） 181 | 7. **发掘天生的潜力**（develop inborn potentials）并**发现兴趣**（discover interests） 182 | 8. **树立信心**（build confidence），**取得成就感**（gain a sense of achievement） 183 | 184 | 9. **具备同理心和同情心**（have empathy and compassion） 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | ### 经济商业 189 | 190 | 1. **受过良好教育的人**（well-educated people）可以从事更高水平的工作，从而**有利于国家的经济发展**（help boost the economy of the country） 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | ### 政府政策 195 | 196 | 1. **成为有责任心和对社会有贡献的人才**（become responsible and contributing members of the community） 197 | 2. **学习公民知识**（learn civic knowledge），例如政府职能 198 | 3. **了解社会运行规律**（understand laws of society），如经济学和**政治理论**（political theory） 199 | 4. **掌握公民技能**（master civic skills）、尊重他人、保持平等公正、**积极参与社会活动**（actively participate in societal activities） 200 | 5. **变得关注时事**（become concerned about current affairs） 201 | 6. **意识到社会问题**（be aware of social issues） 202 | 7. **成为守法公民**（be a law-abiding citizen） 203 | 204 | 8. **为社会准备高质量的劳动力** （prepare qualified labour forces for society） 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | ## 学校教育无法解决的问题 209 | 210 | ### 生命生活Life 211 | 212 | a) **理财能力**（financial skills），比如投资、**算税**（tax calculation）等 213 | 214 | b) **理性的消费行为** （rational buying behaviours） 215 | 216 | c) **家务技能**（household skills），比如烹饪、维护 217 | 218 | d) **时间管理能力**（time management） 219 | 220 | e) **自卫能力**（self-defense） 221 | 222 | f) 如何**给予急救**（give first aid） 223 | 224 | 225 | 226 | ### 工作效率Occupation 227 | 228 | a) 职场中的**社交礼仪**（social etiquette），比如**与客户进行谈判**（negotiate with clients）等 229 | 230 | b) 有关职场中的**着装规范**（dress code） 231 | 232 | c) **营销和管理方面的能力**（marketing and management skills） 233 | 234 | d) **创新思维技巧**（creative thinking skills） 235 | 236 | e) 怎样**适应不断变化的就业市场**（adapt to a changing job market） 237 | 238 | f) **灵活变通能力**（skills of flexibility）和**在快速变化的世界中生存**（survive in a rapidly changing world） 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | ### 情感特质 243 | 244 | 1. 如何处理情绪control emotions 245 | 2. 如何处理压力 deal with streaa 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | # 教育科技 252 | 253 | 对于科技和教育的话题结合在一起，可以选择特技产品对于教育的积极和消极影响；这里选择TELEPHONES的Occupation、Life、Economy这三个角度来构思 254 | 255 | 256 | 257 | ## 教育科技的积极影响 258 | 259 | ### 工作效率Occupation 260 | 261 | 1. 声音、图像或视觉效果**有助于吸引注意力**（help gain attention），**保持学生的兴趣**（maintain students’ interest），并**激发学习热情**（stimulate learning enthusiasm） 262 | 2. 适度地看电视和玩电脑游戏有助于**培养兴趣**（develop interests），并**激发对该主题的进一步阅读**（inspire further reading on the topic） 263 | 3. 通过**模仿孩子喜欢的角色**（imitate children’s favorite characters）来学习良好的行为 264 | 4. **能够在短时间内展示复杂的概念**（be capable of showcasing complex concepts in a short period of time） 265 | 5. **学习更多课外知识**（learn more extra-curricular knowledge），**获取广泛的信息**（gain a broad spectrum of information） 266 | 6. 不仅限于**学科知识**（subject knowledge），**还涵盖与现实世界更紧密相关的社会问题**（cover social issues that are more closely related to the real world） 267 | 7. **让孩子们接触在日常生活中不会遇到的人和地方**(expose children to people and places they would not otherwise encounter in daily life) 268 | 8. **接触目标语言的会话节奏**(be exposure to the conversational rhythms of targeted language)，有助于提高语言学习中的听力能力 269 | 9. **提高识字水平**（improve literacy level），尤其是**提高语音意识**（raise phonetic awareness） 270 | 10. 对电视内容的讨论有助于**提高辩证思维能力**（improve the ability of critical thinking） 271 | 11. 玩电子游戏可以**提升解决问题的能力和创新力**（improve problem-solving abilities and creativity），因为玩家需要思考怎么通关升级 272 | 12. **促进逻辑思维**（boost logical thinking ） 273 | 13. 玩电子游戏可以**提高玩家的反应时间**（enhance players' reaction time） 274 | 14. **促进更好的手眼协调能力**（facilitate better hand-eye coordination） 275 | 15. 更好的团队精神和协作能力 276 | 16. 学会**使用网络与他人交流**（communicate with others online），这是一项将来工作中会用到的**实用技能**（a real-life skill） 277 | 17. **熟悉日常的电脑操作**（become familiar with computer skills），比如下载程序和安装**软件**（software） 278 | 279 | 18. 能够**有效率地利浏览互联网**（navigate the internet effectively）完成学校作业和**进行研究**（conduct research） 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | ### 教育科技的消极影响 284 | 285 | ### 工作效率 286 | 287 | 1. **相比读书会占用更多时间**（take up more time than reading books ） 288 | 2. 容易使学生**上瘾**（become addicted） 289 | 3. **占用社交活动和体育锻炼的宝贵时间**（take up valuable time for social activities and physical exercise） 290 | 4. 很难**保持专注**（stay focused） 291 | 5. **未能获得太多知识**（fail to obtain much knowledge） 292 | 6. **仅与游戏中的人联系**（only connect with the people in games） 293 | 7. **导致社会脱节**（lead to social disconnection） 294 | 8. 很难**区分虚拟与现实**（distinguish the virtual from the real） 295 | 9. 不再**满足于现实生活**（feel satisfied with the real life） 296 | 10. **被动接收信息**（receive information passively），**大脑活动减少**（reduce brain activities），**影响创造力**（affect creativity adversely） 297 | 11. 信息呈现过于直接，**缺乏想象的空间**（leave no room for imagination），**限制想象力**（limit imaginative skills） 298 | 12. 看书过程中，读者需要从文字**推导出形象**（infer images from words），从而**提升想象力和创造力**（enhance imagination and creativity），而**在看电视过程中，想象空间被剥夺了**（be largely absent when watching TV） 299 | 13. **缺少语言的输出**（lack of language output）导致很难提升**口语和写作能力**（oral and writing skills） 300 | 14. 玩电子游戏会**缩短注意力集中时间**（shorten the concentration span），并**导致注意力不足障碍**（lead to attention deficit disorders），因为视频游戏只**需短期关注**（require short-term focus），这比课堂学习时要短得多 301 | 15. 仅仅**依靠多媒体**（rely on different media）的教师可能会**忽略课程的重点部分**（omit important parts of the curriculum） 302 | 303 | 304 | 305 | ### 经济商业 306 | 307 | 1. 现在节目**普遍商业化**（be widely commercialized），容易**引发冲动消费**（lead to impulsive buying） 308 | 309 | 2. 可以**通过互联网平台对孩子进行专门的广告宣传**（be specifically advertised to by internet platforms），从而**创造虚假的愿望或需求**（create artificial desires or needs） 310 | 311 | 312 | 313 | ### 生命生活 314 | 315 | 1. **损伤视力**（damage eyesight） 316 | 2. 长时间盯着屏幕会**导致眼疲劳**（lead to eyestrain） 317 | 3. **形成久坐的生活习惯**（adopt a sedentary lifestyle） 318 | 4. **导致肥胖和营养不良**（spark off problems of obesity and malnutrition） 319 | 5. 玩游戏**需要手部和腕部重复性的费力活动**（require repetitive and strenuous motion on the hands and wrists），这些会**导致发炎和损伤**（lead to inflammation and injury） 320 | 321 | 6. **缩短睡眠时间**（shorten sleeping time）和运动时间，**导致身体素质变差**（result in poor physical quality） 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | ### 情感特质Emotion 326 | 327 | 1. **暴力色情内容导致心理问题**（violence and pornography cause psychological problems 328 | 329 | 2. 质量参差不齐，低质量的节目会**包含错误的信息或者不良的价值观**（contain false information or improper value） 330 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Environment.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 环境保护 2 | 3 | 本部分涵盖的话题有以下两种： 4 | 5 | 1. 环境问题 6 | 2. 动物保护 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | # 环境问题 11 | 12 | 对于环境问题，通常可以从三个方向来储备思路和语言，分别是：环境问题原因、这些现象导致的问题以及相应的解决方式 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | ## 环境问题原因 17 | 18 | ### 科学技术 19 | 20 | 1. **产能和产品过剩**（surplus of products and production capacity） 21 | 22 | 2. **产品迭代速度加快** (the acceleration in product upgrading/ iteration) 23 | 24 | 3. **计划性报废**（built-in obsolescence）（厂家有意让产品快速过时、难以维修，从而加快产品更新换代，刺激销量。） 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | ### 新闻媒体 29 | 30 | 1. 媒体**宣传消费主义**、**物质主义以及享乐主义的生活方式**（the dissemination of consumerism, materialism and hedonistic lifestyle） 31 | 32 | 2. 广告刺激**人们对新产品的欲望和好奇心** （the desire and curiosity of people about new products） 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | ### 人类人才 37 | 38 | 1. **社交媒体对快时尚的推崇**（the advocation of fast fashion from social media） 39 | 2. **过度消费**（over-consumption） 40 | 3. **缺乏环保意识**（the lack of awareness of environmental protection） 41 | 4. **人口过多**（overpopulation） 42 | 5. **化石燃料的过度使用**（the overuse of fossil fuels） 43 | 44 | 6. **砍伐森林、过度种植、过度放牧**（deforestation, over-cultivation, over-grazing） 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | ### 政府政策 49 | 50 | 1. **缺乏对于资源浪费的管控**（lack of management of resources），导致浪费 51 | 2. **寻求经济快速发展**（seek for rapid economic growth） 52 | 53 | 3. **执行缺乏连贯性**（lack of consistency in implementation） 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ### 经济商业 58 | 59 | 1. 购买新产品的成本较低(be relatively low) 60 | 2. 产品经济价值不如以往(be not as high as before) 61 | 3. 化石燃料满足大多数电力、交通等需求（satisfy most of the electricity and transport demand） 62 | 4. 化石燃料是国内生产总值的主要组成部分（**constitute** the main component of GDP） 63 | 5. 化石燃料相对便宜（be relatively cheap） 64 | 6. 化石燃料生产有用的副产品(produce useful by-products)，比如塑料袋 65 | 66 | 产品被过度包装(be over packaged) 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | ### 工作效率 71 | 72 | 1. 传统能源产业**提供工作岗位**（provide occupations） 73 | 2. 为了**迎合高效生活方式而发明的产品**(be invented for a more efficient lifestyle)，如方便食品、**一次性产品**(disposable goods)等 74 | 3. 化石燃料**容易储存和运输**(be easy to store and transport) 75 | 76 | 4. 相对于可再生能源**依赖于环境变化**（depend on environmental conditions），化石燃料**更加可靠**（be more reliable） 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | ## 导致的问题 81 | 82 | ### 环境保护 83 | 84 | 1. 淘汰的产品**变为垃圾**（turn into trash） 85 | 2. **不可降解的垃圾（non-biodegradable trash）能给海洋和野生动物带来严重问题**（can cause vital problems to the ocean and wildlife） 86 | 3. **破坏栖息地并危及动植物**（destroy habitats and endanger flora and fauna） 87 | 4. 塑料及其他一些物质**需要很长时间降解**（take centuries to decay） 88 | 5. 垃圾有可能**堵塞水道**（clog waterways），**造成水源污染**（lead to water pollution） 89 | 6. **破坏农田**（pose damage to agricultural lands） 90 | 7. **给蚊虫提供绝佳繁殖地**（provide ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes） 91 | 8. 动物**错把垃圾袋当作食物**（mistake plastic bags for food） 92 | 9. 垃圾填埋场里的有毒物质**会毒害鸟类等其他生物**（can poison birds and other creatures） 93 | 10. 对于不可再生资源的过度开发**能加剧资源紧缺耗竭**（can exacerbate the resource strain/depletion) 94 | 11. 冰川融化导致海平面上升（lead to rising sea levels） 95 | 12. 人造光线带来城市霞光污染，**能干扰人们睡眠和褪黑素的产生**（can interrupt human’s sleep and production of hormone melatonin） 96 | 13. 光污染**影响动物行为**(can affect animal behaviors)，比如**鸟类迁徙**(as bird migration)和其他**夜行动物的习性**(habits of nocturnal animals)，如蝙蝠、飞蛾 97 | 98 | 14.燃烧化石燃料的机动车**释放出一氧化碳和一氧化二氮**（can cause emission of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide） 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | ### 经济商业 103 | 104 | 1. **导致环境问题**（cause environmental problems）比如厄尔尼诺现象和**山火**（wildfire）**带来经济损失**（cause economic loss） 105 | 106 | 2. 人们**承受着虚荣攀比和负债**（suffer from vanity, peer comparisons and heavy debt） 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | ### 生活生命 111 | 112 | 1. 温度攀升能**导致海平面上升**（lead to rising sea level），随后**侵占居住空间**（encroach on living space） 113 | 114 | 2. 灾难**对人们栖息地、基础设施和生活造成破坏**（wreak havoc on habitats, infrastructure and human life） 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | ## 解决方式 119 | 120 | ### 政府政策 121 | 122 | 1. 政府**有责任去提出规章制度**（have the responsibility to put forward rules and regulations） 123 | 2. **致力于可持续发展**（be committed to sustainable development） 124 | 3. **执行财政处罚**（impose financial penalties） 125 | 4. **使用惩罚措施去威慑和最小化浪费**（use punishment to deter and minimize waste behaviors） 126 | 5. **禁止使用一次性塑料袋**（ban single-use plastic bags） 127 | 6. **资助技术发展**（fund technological development） 128 | 7. **提高环保意识**（raise awareness of environmental protection） 129 | 8. **征收碳税**（levy carbon tax） 130 | 9. **推行垃圾分类回收**（promote waste sorting and recycling） 131 | 10. **促进国际合作，如签订环保协议**（encourage international cooperation, such as signing environmental protection agreement） 132 | 11. **设定特殊的日期以提醒人们保护环境**（designate special dates to remind people about environment protection ） 133 | 12. **在环保日组织活动来提升人们的环保意识**（hold events on environmental protection dates to make people become environmentally aware） 134 | 13. **保证所有社区都有垃圾分类处置点**（ensure all communities have access to separated waste disposal points） 135 | 136 | 14. **教育人们物品回收也可以是一项收入的来源**（educate people about how recycled products can be a source of income） 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | ### 科学技术 141 | 142 | 1. **开发新能源汽车**（develop new energy / electricity powered cars/vehicles） 143 | 2. **开发实验室培育肉类、或以植物为基础的肉类产品**（develop lab-grown or plant-based meat），来**解决畜牧业带来的污染**（reduce pollution caused by animal husbandry） 144 | 145 | 3. **促进清洁能源的投资，如风能、太阳能及波能**（encourage investment in cleaner resources such as wind, solar and wave power） 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | ### 人类人才 150 | 151 | 1. **鼓励节俭**（encourage thrift） 152 | 2. **用可重复利用的代替一次性产品**（replace disposal items with reusable items）**，**比如使用可重复利用的袋子 153 | 3. **限制纸张的使用**（limit the use of paper） 154 | 4. **选择低碳出行**（choose low-carbon travel）比如骑车、乘坐公共交通或开电动汽车等 155 | 5. **参加环保日的庆祝活动**（participate in celebration on environmental days）**,** **比如参加环保讲座、打扫和种树等活动** 156 | 157 | 6. **提高年轻人的意识**（raise awareness of the younger generation） 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | # 动物保护 162 | 163 | 这个话题可以分为使用动物和不使用动物的理由两个方面 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | ## 使用动物的理由 168 | 169 | ### 科学技术 170 | 171 | 1. **现代医学研究必不可少的工具**（be a necessary tool in modern medical research） 172 | 2. 动物**是人体的有效模型**（be the effective models of human body） 173 | 3. **有效测试新药的效力**（efficiently measure the effectiveness of a new medicine/drug） 174 | 4. **使得新药品和医疗手段得以研究和发展**（enable the research and development of new medicines and medical treatment） 175 | 5. 研究人员和科学家能够**对人体生物学有更深的理解**（get a deeper understanding of human biology） 176 | 6. **帮助实现重大的医疗突破**（help make great medical breakthrough），例如**天花疫苗接种**（the vaccination for smallpox）与**器官移植**（organ transplantation ），**实现了许多重要的医学进步**（have enabled advances in many important medical areas） 177 | 7. 还未**研发同等效力的替代品**（develop equally sophisticated substitutes） 178 | 8. 禁止动物实验**会阻碍对人体生物学和健康的理解**（can impede the understanding of human biology and health） 179 | 9. **以人道的方式对待**动物（be treated in humane ways）/**以人道的方式进行**动物试验（be conducted using humane methods） 180 | 181 | 10. **最小化动物的痛苦**（minimize the pain experienced by animals） 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | ### 人类人才 186 | 187 | 1. **是全世界饮食不可或缺的部分**（be an integral part of the diet globally） 188 | 2. 对人类的潜在好处**大于给动物造成的伤害**（outweigh the pain and suffering to animals） 189 | 3. **是矿物质和蛋白质的主要来源**（be a major source of minerals and proteins） 190 | 4. 肉中的营养**很难从植物中获取**（can be difficult to obtain from plants） 191 | 5. 动物**提供有价值的蛋白质来源**（provide valuable sources of protein），例如鸡蛋，肉和牛奶，如果没有这些蛋白质，很多人很难生活。 192 | 6. 我们**依赖动物皮来制造皮革**（rely on animal skin for leather）**从而给我们提供鞋子和衣服** 193 | 7. 羽毛**是床上用品覆盖物和衣服的重要组成部分**（be a valuable component of bedding furniture covering and clothes），比如**枕头**（pillows）和**羽绒被**（duvets） 194 | 8. **帮助生活在极寒地区的人们御寒**（help people living in extremely cold regions withstand cold） 195 | 9. 肉和动物产品**是一些文化中不可或缺的一部分**（be an integral part of some cultures） 196 | 10. 有些试验很重要，因为它**带来了重要的医学突破**（lead to important medical breakthroughs） 197 | 11. **在帮助痴呆症和癌症患者的药物生产方面取得的进展**（make progress towards drug production to help sufferers of dementia and cancers） 198 | 12. 对动物的新疫苗测试**在对抗COVID-19的过程中发挥了重要作用** (play an important part in the fight against COVID-19) 199 | 13. 如果停止动物实验，我们**会面临如何测试这些新医学想法的问题**（be faced with the problem of how to test these new medical ideas） 200 | 201 | 14. 人类**不太可能去自愿充当这种危险的角色**（be unlikely to volunteer for this hazardous role） 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | ### 经济商业 206 | 207 | 1. **给时装行业带来利润**（bring profits to fashion industry） 208 | 209 | 2. **挽救濒临灭绝动物需要的花费是极其高昂的**(the cost involved of saving endangered animal species is prohibitive) 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | ### 环境保护 214 | 215 | 1. 动物灭绝是自然过程，**无论有没有人类都会发生** （would happen with or without humans） 216 | 217 | 2. 灭绝**是进化的一部**分（be part of evolution） 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | ## 不利用动物的理由 222 | 223 | ### 情感特质 224 | 225 | 1. **残忍且不人道**（be cruel and immoral） 226 | 2. **为了我们的利益**，动物**在残酷的条件下遭受痛苦**（suffer under cruel conditions for our benefit） 227 | 3. **导致动物遭受巨大的痛苦或死亡**（lead to considerable suffering or death for the animals） 228 | 4. 人类**无权让动物遭受痛苦和折磨**（have no right to subject animals to pain and suffering） 229 | 5. 动物权利组织**已经揭露了动物虐待的法律案例**（have revealed legitimate cases of animal abuse） 230 | 6. 很多动物**是人类的朋友**（be friends of mankind） 231 | 7. 动物**可以被认为是人类的伙伴**（could be identified as companions for humans） 232 | 8. **人类觉得动物有趣且令人愉悦**（find animals interesting and enjoyable） 233 | 9. **在自然栖息地观看/观察动物使人们放松，给人带来乐趣**（be relaxing and entertaining to watch/observe animals in natural habitat） 234 | 10. **作为宠物，对人有很大价值**（have great value for people as pets） 235 | 11. **给那些失去爱人，没有子女甚至有精神健康问题的人提供没有偏见的陪伴**（offer non-judgmental companionship for people who may have lost loved ones, do not have children, or even who are suffering from mental health issues） 236 | 12. 与小猫玩耍或者抚摸猫能**减少人们的压力**（reduce levels of stress in humans） 237 | 13. 养宠物是一个让孩子们**了解动物并学会如何恰当的照顾它们的好方法**（learn about animals and how to care for them appropriately） 238 | 14. **减少或消除对动物没必要的伤害**（reduce or eliminate the need to unnecessarily harm animals） 239 | 15. 人类活动和气候的影响**可能毁坏了一些动物的栖息地**（can result in habitats being destroyed for some animals） 240 | 241 | 16. 动物安全和健康的重要性**应该优先于人们的休闲偏好**（should be given priority over people’s leisure preferences） 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | ### 科学技术 246 | 247 | 1. **能从实验室培育的肉/大豆做的人造肉中获得营养**（can obtain the nutrients from lab-grown meat/artificial meat made of soybeans） 248 | 2. 动物皮毛**可以被人造产品替代**（can be replaced by artificial products） 249 | 3. 很多药物是**可以从动物产出的化学物质中提取出来的**（can be derived from the chemicals produced by animals） 250 | 4. 科技的发展**已经给我们的饮食提供了蛋白质的替代形式，例如植物组织蛋白**（have provided us with alternative forms of protein for our diets, textured vegetable protein being one example） 251 | 252 | 5. 现代医药**已经提供了有效的，有药用价值的动物肢体器官代替品**（have provided effective alternatives to animal parts that are believed to have medicinal benefits） 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | ### 人类人才 257 | 258 | 1. **通过研究，从动物身上学习它们如何在不同条件下生存**（learn from animals by studying how they survive in different climates） 259 | 2. 人类与动物**对同一药物的反应可能不一样**（may react differently to a drug） 260 | 3. 我们的行为对食物链的影响**可能会给人类的未来带来严重的恶果**（could have grave repercussions for the future of our own species） 261 | 4. 人类行为**已经直接导致，并正在引起大部分动物灭绝**（have directly caused, and is causing, much of this extinction） 262 | 5. 我们在星球上的持续生存**与自然界的繁荣紧密相连**（be closely connected to the flourishing of the natural world） 263 | 264 | 6. **研究它们的行为和它们如何学习会非常有趣**（study their behavior and how they learn can be very interesting）并且**能够让我们更了解自己**（be able to teach us more about ourselves） 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | ### 经济商业 269 | 270 | 1. 不挽救濒危动物的代价会更大： 271 | 2. **生物多样性的丧失**（the loss of biodiversity）， 272 | 273 | 3. **生态系统失衡**（the imbalance in our ecosystems） 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | ### 环境保护 278 | 279 | 1. **保持生态系统的自然平衡**(maintain the natural balance of the ecosystem) 280 | 2. 保持生态多样性**对健康的生态系统极其重要**(be critical for a healthy ecological system) 281 | 3. 平衡的生态系统**保证人们有干净的空气和水，肥沃的土地**(can ensure that human have clear air, water, and fertile land) 282 | 4. 一个物种的灭绝**导致其他物种的过剩**（can result in the overpopulation of other species） 283 | 5. 任何物种的消失**会破坏整个食物链** (will disrupt the whole food chain) 284 | 6. 动物**给土地施肥，并把营养物质归还给土壤**（fertilize and return nutrients to the soil） 285 | 7. **负责植物的繁殖**（be responsible for the reproduction of plants） 286 | 8. 蜜蜂和蝴蝶**是帮助植物繁衍的传粉者**（be pollinators enabling plant fertilization） 287 | 9. **畜牧业**(animal husbandry)**排放温室气体**(could emit greenhouse gases) 288 | 10. 没有动物**扮演传粉者**(act as pollinators)，我们**会面对关于庄稼生产的严重问题**(could be faced with serious problems concerning our crop production) 289 | 11. 食肉动物可以通过限制其他物种的数量来**帮助保持生态的平衡**(help keep ecosystems in balance) 290 | 12. **把动物纳入圈养繁殖计划**(include animals in captive breeding programmes)能够提高它们的数量 291 | 292 | 13. 当栖息地已被复原或取代时(have recovered or been replaced)，动物**可以被逐渐地、小心地放归野外**(can be gradually and carefully reintroduced) 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Media.assets/image-20250304204654952.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Media.assets/image-20250304204654952.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Media.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 新闻媒体 2 | 3 | 本部分可以包括两种话题： 4 | 5 | 1. 新闻媒体 6 | 2. 印刷媒体 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | # 新闻媒体 11 | 12 | 关于新闻媒体，一大考察范围就是广告，则这里可以从广告的利弊两个角度出发，以及保护人们不受广告影响的措施 13 | 14 | ![image-20250304204654952](Media.assets/image-20250304204654952.png) 15 | 16 | ## 广告的好处 17 | 18 | ### 经济商业 19 | 20 | 1. **出于商业目的**(out of commercial purposes) 21 | 2. **让产品对消费者们更有吸引力**(make products more attractive to consumers) 22 | 3. **激发人们的购买欲**(generate the purchasing desire in people) 23 | 4. **很重要的市场营销工具**(could be an important marketing tool) 24 | 5. **促进广告产品的销量**(boost the sales of the advertised products) 25 | 6. **告知消费者新产品和服务**(inform consumers about new products or services) 26 | 7. **满足消费者需求**(satisfy the demands of the customers) 27 | 8. **为人们提供更多的选择**(provide people with more choices) 28 | 9. **吸引潜在的客户**(attract potential consumers) 29 | 10. **扩大潜在消费群**(expand potential consumer groups) 30 | 11. **塑造品牌形象**(shape brand image) 31 | 12. **让经济繁荣发展**(allow economy to thrive) 32 | 13. **提高利润**(boost profits) 33 | 14. **突出产品的质量**(highlight the product quality) 34 | 15. **扩大规模**(prompt expansion) 35 | 36 | 16. **增加政府税收**(lead to more taxes for the government) 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | ### 工作效率 41 | 42 | 1. 创造工作机会create jobs 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | ### 人类人才 47 | 48 | 1. **创造高品质的生活**(create a higher standard of living) 49 | 2. **具有美学价值**(possess an aesthetic value) 50 | 3. **一种现代艺术**(a form of modern art) 51 | 4. **提供视觉体验**(provide visual experience) 52 | 5. **重要信息来源**(could be an important source of information) 53 | 6. **得到放松和娱乐**(obtain relaxation and recreation) 54 | 7. **释放压力**(release pressure) 55 | 8. **激发儿童认知能力的发展**(can stimulate children’s cognitive development) 56 | 9. **信息量大的且有教育作用的**(can be informative and educational) 57 | 10. **提升儿童注意力**(increase the concentration of children) 58 | 11. **给儿童视觉和听觉的刺激**(provide children with audiovisual stimulus) 59 | 12. **扩大儿童的知识面**(expand the scope of knowledge in children) 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | ### 生命生活 64 | 65 | 1. **给孩子提供多种选择**(provide children with more choices) 66 | 2. **让孩子扩大见识**(enable children to expand their horizon) 67 | 3. **让孩子从不同角度看待世界**(make children view the world from different perspectives) 68 | 4. **让孩子了解世界**(let children know more about the world) 69 | 70 | 5. **很多广告**(commercials)**介绍健康食品**(introduce healthy dietary options ) 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | ## 广告的坏处 75 | 76 | ### 生命生活 77 | 78 | 1. **劝说人们去追随最新的潮流**(will **tempt** people into following the latest trends) 79 | 2. **控制消费者的决策过程**(**hold sway** over the decision-making process of customers) 80 | 3. **促使消费者做出不理智决定**(may prompt consumers to make irrational decisions) 81 | 4. **被误导信息所左右**(can **be swayed by** misleading information) 82 | 5. **受到不良信息的影响**(may be susceptible to improper information) 83 | 6. **提供有误导性的信息**(provide misleading information) 84 | 7. **夸大效用**(**exaggerate** the effects of the products) 85 | 8. **推销垃圾食品**(sell junk food) 86 | 9. **让人们不满足自己的财产甚至不满足于真正的自己**(can make people no longer feel **constantly satisfied with their possessions** and with who they are) 87 | 10. **打断精彩节目**(interrupt television viewing) 88 | 11. **导致消费主义和物质主义的盛行**(lead to the prevalence of consumerism and materialism) 89 | 12. **造成道德沦丧**(can be partially responsible for deteriorating moral and ethical values)，因为广告**滋生社会问题**(may engender social issues)诸如**抽烟、酗酒和享乐主义生活方式**(smoking, excessive drinking and hedonistic lifestyle) 90 | 13. **被广告轰炸**(can be bombarded with advertisements) 91 | 14. **普及高脂、高糖食物**(popularize high-fat and high-sugar foods)，导致肥胖症和糖尿病(lead to obesity and diabetes) 92 | 15. **让消费者对产品产生错误认知**(may give consumers a false perception of the product) 93 | 94 | 16. **歪曲他们的产品**(could offer a distorted view of their products) 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | ### 经济商业 99 | 100 | 1. **操纵人们消费超出其购买限额的产品**(manipulate people into spending money on products beyond their purchase power) 101 | 2. **抬高商品和服务的价格**(may raise the cost of products and services) 102 | 3. **大规模的竞争性广告**(large-scale competitive advertising)会**引发广告战****(**may trigger an advertising war)，从而**增加更高的生产成本**(may add to the cost of production) 103 | 4. **导致不平等的竞争**(may lead to unequal competition)，因为小公司**无法支付高昂的广告预算**(unable to match the same advertising budgets as do large companies) 104 | 5. **导致垄断**(create a monopolistic market)，因为**小公司会被淘汰了**(may drive small businesses out of the market) 105 | 6. **重数量轻质量**(may place quantity over quality) 106 | 107 | 7. **诱使顾客做出超出实际需求的购买**(may entice consumers to buy more than they need) 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | ### 环境保护 112 | 113 | 1. **导致过度消费和浪费型社会**(lead to excessive consumption and a throw-away society) 114 | 2. **加剧资源紧缺**(exacerbate resource strain) 115 | 3. **垃圾堆**(landfills)**破坏生态**(may wreak havoc on the ecological system) 116 | 117 | 4. **给我们这个浪费型社会制造更多不必要的垃圾**(may create more unnecessary wastes for a wasteful society) 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | ### 情感特质 122 | 123 | 1. 儿童**缺乏批判性地辨别营销信息的能力**(may lack the ability to view marketing messages skeptically) 124 | 2. 儿童**产生攀比心理**(may develop a comparing mentality) 125 | 3. 儿童**有错误的认知**(may have cognitive errors) 126 | 4. 儿童**承受心理压力**(suffer from psychological pressure) 127 | 5. **不考虑孩子们的感受**(have no qualms about playing with children’s feelings) 128 | 6. **消费者感觉被欺骗**(may feel deceived) 129 | 7. **让人们不自信**(make people feel less confident) 130 | 8. **产生自卑情结**(may create a sense of inferiority) 131 | 132 | 9. 儿童**产生不切实际的需要**(create unrealistic needs and wants in children) 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | ## 保护人们不受广告影响的措施 137 | 138 | ### 政府政策 139 | 140 | 1. 法律和规章制度 legislation and regulation 去限制针对孩子的广告 will restrict advertisement aimed at kids 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | ### 人类人才 145 | 146 | 1. 父母可以**帮助孩子去批判性的思考广告信息**(help kids view information shown in advertisements critically) 147 | 2. 父母可以把**电子设备**(electronic devices)调为**儿童模式**(a kid-friendly mode)，去**阻止他们看到不合适的信息**(can prevent them from seeing inappropriate contents) 148 | 149 | 3. **父母给儿童解释广告的诡计**(explain to kids the agendas behind the commercials) 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | # 印刷媒体 154 | 155 | 在印刷媒体这个方面，主要从大众传媒的利弊、纸媒相对于电子媒体的优势和劣势来储备语料。 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | ## 大众传媒的好处 162 | 163 | ### 生活生命 164 | 165 | 1. **让我们彼此保持联系**(keep us connected) 166 | 2. 可以**快速的获取最新信息**(can access the latest news in a very short time ) 167 | 3. **给普通人发声的机会**(may give voice to the voiceless) 168 | 4. 通过大众传媒，人们可以**展示他们的才能**(showcase their talents through mass media) 169 | 5. **教育人们**(may educate people)，因为人们**可以学习关于健康、环保等各种知识**(could learn about health, environment and other matters) 170 | 6. 音乐和电视节目**是重要的娱乐来源**(may serve as an important source of entertainment) 171 | 7. **各种新闻来源**(various sources of news)可帮助人们**更全面地了解某事件**(may develop a whole picture of an incident) 172 | 8. **推荐新闻故事**(share news) 173 | 174 | 9. **告知人们社会中的事件**(inform people of the events in the society) 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | ### 经济商业 179 | 180 | 1. **刺激商业**(spur business)，因为商家**可以更快更容易的触达潜在用户**(reach potential consumers with a faster and easier access) 181 | 2. 访问网上新闻**很便宜或免费**(may cost little or no money) 182 | 183 | 3. 广告收入是**重要的经济来源**(an important source of income) 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | ### 文化传统 188 | 189 | 1. **传播艺术和文化**(could spread arts and culture) 190 | 2. **展示不同的文化**(showcase different cultural practices) 191 | 192 | 3. **帮助世界各地人们了解彼此和包容不同**(help people from different cultural backgrounds understand each other and embrace each other’s differences) 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | ## 大众传媒的坏处 197 | 198 | ### 生活生命 199 | 200 | 1. **给权贵更多权力**(may empower the already powerful) 201 | 2. **让人们减少彼此的现实联系**(may cause people to estrange from each other in real life) 202 | 3. **数字媒体**(digital media)**会产生冒名顶替，诈骗及黑客行为的可能性**(could lead to possibilities of imposters, fraud and hacking) 203 | 4. 一些新闻**可能被扭曲**(could be twisted)并且**错误的消息**(disinformation)**会被传播**(could be spread) 204 | 5. 媒体可能**很容易上瘾**(could be addictive)，所以**减少人们的生产力**(may reduce people’s productivity) 205 | 6. 一些新闻会被利用去**操纵公众舆论**(may manipulate public opinion)，因而**给读者洗脑**(will probably brainwash readers) 206 | 7. 一些媒体的内容**不适合儿童**(may be inappropriate for children) 207 | 8. **导致健康问题**(may lead to health issues)因为太长的观看时间**引发视力和听力问题**(may trigger eyesight problems and hearing defects) 208 | 9. 人们可能会**面临其他健康风险**(could face other health risks)，比如**久坐和肥胖症**(sedentary lifestyle and obesity) 209 | 10. 新闻标题通常**预示厄运**(could be doom-laden)或**制造耸动效应**(may engineer attention-grabbing effects) 210 | 11. **灌输负面情绪**(may instill negative feelings)，**徒增无端的恐惧**(may further nurture unnecessary fear) 211 | 12. **对世界产生曲解**(could form a distorted view of the world) 212 | 13. **导致不必要的偏见**(prompt needless prejudice) 213 | 214 | 14. **报导他人的私生活**(report other people’s private life)**会影响我们自己的行为方式**(may affect one’s own behavioral pattern ) 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | ### 文化传统 219 | 220 | 1. 造成文化同化may lead to cultural assimilation 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | ## 印刷媒体的好处 225 | 226 | ### 生命生活 227 | 228 | 1. **传递有价值的新闻**(could deliver valuable news) 229 | 2. 作为**传统的媒体形式**(a traditional form of media)，更加**受到公众的信赖**(could be trusted by the general public) 230 | 3. **信息量大**(could be informative)，让公众可以**从多个角度了解社会问题**(can view social problems from different perspectives) 231 | 4. **说明性强**(could be highly descriptive)，让老百姓从中获取**对他们有价值的信息**(could obtain valuable information) 232 | 5. **信息经过严格审查**(could be censored strictly), **更具有权威性，不会误导公众**(could be authoritative and thus less likely to misguide the public) 233 | 6. **培养老百姓的阅读习惯**(may help cultivate a reading habit in the general public)，**从而构建良好的社会氛围**(could create a great social atmosphere) 234 | 235 | 7. **并非每个人都能获取数字新闻**(have access to digital information)，尤其是**老年人**(seniors) 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | ### 经济商业 240 | 241 | 1. **可以吸引一些公司投广告**(attract investment in advertisement from companies) 242 | 243 | 2. **提供一些媒体相关工作机会**(create media-related jobs) 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | ### 工作效率 248 | 249 | 1. **信息可以及时传递给公众**(can be delivered to the public in a timely manner) 250 | 2. **可以保存并且重复阅读**(could be stored and read repeatedly) 251 | 3. **各种资料摊开在眼前，进行参考和互相对照会很方便**(could be time-efficient to have multiple sources of information at hand so as to reference or cross-reference ) 252 | 4. 与看报纸相比，**盯着屏幕**(screen time)**容易头疼和疲劳**(cause headache and fatigue) 253 | 5. 与**冷冰冰的电子屏**(impersonal electronic screen)相比，手里拿着**实物阅读**(physical copies)更舒适 254 | 255 | 6. **熟悉的排版方式**(be reassuringly familiar)，**更容易找到自己需要的信息**(could be easy to navigate) 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | ## 印刷媒体的坏处 260 | 261 | ### 生命生活 262 | 263 | 1. 篇幅有限制limited content length，公众不能深入了解某一事件 could be unable to develop a deep understanding of an event 264 | 2. 审查严格rigid media censorship，公众获取的信息会受到一定的限制have limited access to information 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | ### 经济商业 269 | 270 | 1. **印刷报纸**(newspaper print)的**成本过高**(could be high in cost) 271 | 2. 大多数新闻**从网络上获得**(could be acquired from the internet)，**不需要支付任何费用**(with no expenses involved) 272 | 273 | 3. 图片和文字呈现的广告内容**不够有吸引力**(could be not sufficiently attractive) 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | ### 工作效率 278 | 279 | 1. **不能及时更正信息**(may be unable to correct information promptly) 280 | 281 | 2. 相对比于电子媒体，**信息的传播**(spread of the information)**跨越时间的限制和地理的障碍**(may overcome time restrictions and geographic barrier) 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | ### 环境保护 286 | 287 | 1. 过多印刷overprinting 造成纸张浪费，更多的树木被砍伐will lead to a waste of paper and thus a wider range of deforestation 288 | 2. 印刷油墨ink printing会污染环境will pollute the environment 289 | 3. 需要思考回收和垃圾处理的问题 will need to consider recycling and garbage disposal 290 | 291 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Society.assets/image-20250228225134539.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Society.assets/image-20250228225134539.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Technology.assets/image-20250302160231578.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Technology.assets/image-20250302160231578.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Writing Part/Writing_Materials/Technology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 科技发展 2 | 3 | 本部分内容包括两个部分，其一是科技影响，其二是太空探索 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | # 科技影响 8 | 9 | image-20250302160231578 10 | 11 | 关于科技的影响可以划分成三个部分： 12 | 13 | 1. 科技的整体影响 14 | 2. 远程办公的影响 15 | 3. 社交网络的影响 16 | 17 | 可以从TELEPHONES中选取环境保护environmental，工作效率，生命生活，人类人才，经济商业economy这五个方向来阐述 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ## 科技的整体影响 22 | 23 | ### 环境保护 24 | 25 | 1. **加快能源消耗**（accelerate energy consumption） 26 | 2. 科技产品更新换代过快**导致资源耗竭**（lead to exhaustion of resources）以及废物增加 27 | 3. **化学制**(chemicals)**剂污染土地和水资源**（contaminate soil and water resources） 28 | 29 | 4. **环保科技缓解污染**（environment friendly technology alleviates pollution） 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | ### 人类人才 34 | 35 | 1. **缺乏运动的生活方式**（inactive lifestyle）**导致肥胖**（lead to obesity） 36 | 2. **手机上瘾**（addiction to cell phones）导致晚睡 37 | 3. **提升医疗水平**（improve medical treatment），如癌症扫描等，可以**及早发现疾病**（detect the disease early），从而**挽救并延长生命**（save and extend lives） 38 | 39 | 4. **技术的进步是**人类历史**的特点**（be characterized by technological developments） 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ### 工作效率 44 | 45 | 1. **提高产量**（boost yield），**解决粮食不足**（solve food shortage） 46 | 2. 由于**转基因技术**（genetically modified technology）的发展，**食品种类更加丰富**（more variety in diet） 47 | 3. **大幅提高生产力**（greatly increase productivity），**节省人力和时间**（save manpower and time） 48 | 49 | 4. **带来更多便利**（bring greater comfort into our lives），**简化我们的生活**（simplify our lives） 50 | 51 | 5. 对**设备的过度依赖**(over-reliance on equipment)导致一旦**故障**（breakdown）反而**影响效率**（affect efficiency） 52 | 53 | 6. **低技术的工作**（low-skilled jobs）被机器所取代，**导致失业**（result in unemployment） 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | ### 经济商业 58 | 59 | 1. 技术价格**逐渐降低**(become more affordable)，**网络**（internet access）**更加普及**(seem increasingly ubiquitous) 60 | 2. 低收入学校的儿童无法获得信息技术，**可能会妨碍他们学习技术技能**（be hindered from learning the tech skills） 61 | 62 | 3. 身处偏远地区的学生可以**获得高质量的远程教育**（receive distance education of high quality） 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | ## 远程办公的影响 67 | 68 | ### 工作效率 69 | 70 | 1. **没有地域上的限制**（without geographical limitations） 71 | 2. **减少高峰时段的车流量**（reduce the volume of traffic during rush hours） 72 | 3. 我们可以自由**布置工作空间**（furnish our working space），**导致我们对周围环境的满意度增加**（result in increased satisfaction with our surroundings） 73 | 4. **不用穿制服或正式的服装**（do not have to wear a uniform or formal style of clothes） 74 | 5. **节省通勤时间和费用**（save commuting time and expenses） 75 | 6. **工作和生活界限模糊导致疲劳和压力**（the line between work and personal life has blurred, leading to fatigue and stress） 76 | 7. 在家工作会对**与同事的社交关系产生负面影响**（negatively affect social bonds with colleagues） 77 | 8. **导致团队沟通效率降低**（lead to low efficiency in team communication） 78 | 9. **容易分散注意力**（can easily cause distractions） 79 | 80 | 10. 持续的干扰可能会**减少高效的工作时间**（result in less productive work time） 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | ### 人类人才 85 | 86 | 1. **采取久坐的生活方式**（adopt a sedentary lifestyle），导致**生病几率增加**（a higher risk of contracting diseases），尤其是**肥胖症**（obesity） 87 | 88 | 2. **视力减退**（weakened eyesight） 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | ### 生命生活 93 | 94 | 1. **导致公共交通需求降低**（cause lower demand for public transport） 95 | 2. **导致过度依赖数据平台和网络**（result in an over-reliance on data platforms and networks） 96 | 3. 引起**网络安全**（cyber-attacks），**数据盗窃**（data fraud or theft），**数据错误**（digital misinformation）等问题 97 | 98 | 4. **家庭生活和工作生活重叠** （overlap home life with work life） 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | ## 社交网络的影响 103 | 104 | ### 生命生活 105 | 106 | 1. **联络久违的朋友** (reconnect with long-lost friends) 107 | 2. **与世界各地的人即时交**流（communicate instantly with each other all over the world） 108 | 3. Facebook等平台的特别兴趣小组使人们**能与有共同兴趣的人联系**（allow individuals to connect with people who share a common interest） 109 | 4. **在几秒钟内分享想法和观点**（share thoughts and opinions in a matter of seconds） 110 | 5. **缓解孤独**（ease loneliness） 111 | 6. **阻碍真正的人际接触和互动**（prevent real human contact and interaction） 112 | 7. 过度共享**使隐私面临风险**（put privacy at risk） 113 | 8. **成为网络欺凌的受害者**（fall victim to cyberbullying） 114 | 9. **强迫自己在大部分业余时间使用社交媒体**（spend the majority of spare time compulsively using social media） 115 | 10. **感到与同龄人保持同步的压力，引发不安全感**（feel pressured to keep up with peers, triggering insecurity） 116 | 11. **被与日常生活无关的信息轰炸，浪费大量时间并导致生产力下降**（be bombarded with information irrelevant to daily lives, squandering large amount of time and killing productivity） 117 | 118 | 12. 人们更少参与周围的社区活动，**导致社会变得更加分散**（lead to societies becoming more fragmented and disjointed） 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | # 太空探索 123 | 124 | 关于太空探索，主要选择Environment、Technology、Economy、Life、Human、Occupation这六个角度来构思 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | ## 太空探索的好处 129 | 130 | ### 环境保护 131 | 132 | 1. 提供额外的**矿产资源**(mineral resources)和**燃料源**(fuel sources)，**缓解对能源枯竭的担忧**（ease the concern about energy depletion） 133 | 2. **提供监视地球脆弱环境的技术**(provide technologies to monitor the earth’s fragile environment), 例如**卫星通信**(satellite communications)，GPS, **遥感**（remote sensing） 134 | 3. 新的研究成果**有利于解决现有的环境问题**（be conducive to solving existing environmental problems） 135 | 4. **了解有关生命形成和进化条件的更多信息**（learn more about the conditions under which life forms and evolves） 136 | 5. **太空移民**（space migration）**有助于缓解人口过剩**（help to mitigate overpopulation） 137 | 138 | 6. **在宜居的星球上维持人类文明** （sustain human civilization on a habitable planet） 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | ### 科学技术 143 | 144 | 1. **收集研究数据**（collect research data），并**加快科研进步**（speed up scientific progress） 145 | 2. **推动相关领域的创新发明**（drive innovations in related fields），如人工智能和**农业**（agriculture） 146 | 147 | 3. **从其他文明的经验中学习，以解决诸如核战争和全球污染等地球上现有的问题**（learn from the experiences of other civilizations to solve the existing problems on earth, such as nuclear war and global pollution） 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | ### 经济商业 152 | 153 | 1. **促成太空旅游等新兴产业**(facilitate new industries such as space tourism) 154 | 155 | 2. 在不久的将来，太空旅游可能会**成为价值数十亿美元的产业**(become a multi-billion-dollar industry) 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | ### 人类人才 160 | 161 | 1. **满足人们对自然的好奇心**（satisfy people's curiosity about nature） 162 | 2. **消除人类在宇宙的孤独感**（eliminate mankind’s loneliness in the universe） 163 | 3. **缓解人对地球毁灭的焦虑**（**alleviate** anxiety about the destruction of the earth） 164 | 4. **起到启发作用**（serve as an inspiration），准确展示人类通过专业知识和合作可以实现的目标 165 | 5. 探索（exploration）一直是人类的特性（have always been a feature of mankind） 166 | 167 | 6. 探索太空**代表着人类发展的下一步** （represent the next step in our evolution） 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | ### 工作 172 | 173 | 1. 创造就业 create employment 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | ### 生活生命 178 | 179 | 1. 现在太空中有卫星**使几乎在地球上的任何地方都能使用电话和接入互联网**（make phone calls and internet access possible nearly everywhere on Earth），还会**为天气预报提供数据**(provide data for weather forecast) 180 | 181 | 2. **提前发现对地球的威胁**（detect threats to Earth ahead of time） 182 | 183 | 3. 如果未来发生太空战争，太空技术和基础设施**可用于战争和国防**（can be used for warfare and defense），以保护国家 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | ## 太空探索的坏处 188 | 189 | ### 经济商业 190 | 191 | 1. 设备生产和发射**消耗大量政府资金**（involve excessive government expenditure） 192 | 2. **大部分国家支付不起**（be unaffordable for most countries），尤其是**发展中国家**（developing countries） 193 | 194 | 3. **需要长期的投入与资金**（require long-term commitment and funding） 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | ### 工作效率 199 | 200 | 1. **可能耗时**（can be time-consuming），且**收效甚微**（deliver limited immediate results） 201 | 202 | 2. **可能没有任何成果**（may not yield any results） 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | ### 环境保护 207 | 208 | 1. **发射所需的高燃料成本**（require high fuel costs for launch） 209 | 2. **留下大量废物**（leave behind a large amount of waste） 210 | 3. **造成空气污染和悬浮物污染**（cause air pollution and particle pollution） 211 | 4. 辐射和空气污染**引发疾病**（result in diseases） 212 | 5. 太空垃圾**可能掉落在地球上**（can fall on Earth）或**对未来的太空旅行者造成破坏**（do damages to future space travelers） 213 | 214 | 6. 更频繁的太空飞行会**增加碳排放**（increase carbon emissions），从而**对气候产生负面影响**(negatively affect the climate) 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | ### 生命生活 219 | 220 | 1. 宇航员通常会**患有精神疾病**（suffer from mental problems） 221 | 2. 有风险的项目**无法确保宇航员的安全**（cannot ensure the safety of astronauts） 222 | 3. 我们的地球**有被接管和被支配的风险**（run the risk of being taken over and dominated） 223 | 224 | 4. **与宗教价值观冲突**（cause conflict with religious values），这有可能**导致社会混乱**（lead to chaos in society） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /fig/grade.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/purpyviolet/IELTS-Learning-Notes/926902b2090938674cbce820dc3a085b86859166/fig/grade.jpg --------------------------------------------------------------------------------