├── .gitignore
├── README.md
├── articles
    ├── 403ForbiddenError.md
    ├── 502BadGateway.md
    ├── API.md
    ├── ASGIAPI.md
    ├── ASGICommandLine.md
    ├── AccessingMySQLFromOutsidePythonAnywhere.md
    ├── AccessingPostgresFromOutsidePythonAnywhere.md
    ├── AdminIsDisabledBecauseInsecureChannel.md
    ├── AlwaysOnTasks.md
    ├── AsyncInWebApps.md
    ├── Buffering.md
    ├── BugBounty.md
    ├── ChangingConsolesName.md
    ├── ChangingFontSize.md
    ├── ChangingSystemImage.md
    ├── Cloudflare.md
    ├── CompilingCPrograms.md
    ├── Conda.md
    ├── ConfigFiles.md
    ├── CopyAndPaste.md
    ├── CustomDomains.md
    ├── CustomPythonAnywhereSubdomains.md
    ├── DNSPrimer.md
    ├── DashWSGIConfig.md
    ├── DatabaseCharacterSets.md
    ├── DebuggingImportError.md
    ├── DebuggingStaticFiles.md
    ├── DeleteAccount.md
    ├── DeployExistingDjangoProject.md
    ├── DiskQuota.md
    ├── DiskQuotaExceeded.md
    ├── Django400BadRequest.md
    ├── DjangoAdminCSSNotWorking.md
    ├── DjangoManagementCommands.md
    ├── DjangoStaticFiles.md
    ├── DjangoTutorial.md
    ├── Education.md
    ├── EmbeddedConsoles.md
    ├── EnvironmentVariables.md
    ├── ErrorReloadingWebApp.md
    ├── ExternalVCS.md
    ├── FTP.md
    ├── FileBrowser.md
    ├── FileEditor.md
    ├── Flask.md
    ├── Flask504And502Errors.md
    ├── Flask504Error.md
    ├── FlaskSendFileAndBytesIO.md
    ├── FlaskSocketIO.md
    ├── FlaskWithTheNewWebsiteSystem.md
    ├── FollowingTheDjangoTutorial.md
    ├── Fonts.md
    ├── ForcingHTTPS.md
    ├── GeneratorExit.md
    ├── GettingYourAPIToken.md
    ├── GlobalStateAndWebApps.md
    ├── GmailAppSpecificPasswords.md
    ├── HTTPSCustomCerts.md
    ├── HTTPSSetup.md
    ├── Haskell.md
    ├── HostingAStaticSite.md
    ├── HowManyHitsCanMySiteHandle.md
    ├── HowtouseMezzanineonPythonAnywhere.md
    ├── ICantSeeWhatIAmTyping.md
    ├── IPv6.md
    ├── IPythonNotebookVirtualenvs.md
    ├── ImportingYourLocalDatabaseToPythonAnywhere.md
    ├── InstallingNewModules.md
    ├── InstallingVirtualenvWrapper.md
    ├── IntegratingWithPythonAnywhere.md
    ├── InternalServerError.md
    ├── InternationalDomainNames.md
    ├── Jampy.md
    ├── JasmineTestsForJavaScript.md
    ├── KindsOfDatabases.md
    ├── Learning.md
    ├── LetsEncrypt.md
    ├── LoadDataInfile.md
    ├── LongRunningTasks.md
    ├── MSSQLServer.md
    ├── MachineLearningInWebsiteCode.md
    ├── ManagingDatabaseConnections.md
    ├── MatplotLibGraphs.md
    ├── MigatingWeb2pyFromSQLiteToMySQL.md
    ├── MongoDB.md
    ├── MovingDomainToAnotherPythonAnywhereAccount.md
    ├── MultipleDomainsWeb2py.md
    ├── MySQLBackupRestore.md
    ├── MySQLDatabaseSize.md
    ├── MySiteIsSlow.md
    ├── NakedDomains.md
    ├── NoSuchFileOrDirectory.md
    ├── Node.md
    ├── NotebookAuthenticationError.md
    ├── OwnDomains.md
    ├── PDF.md
    ├── Playwright.md
    ├── Postgres.md
    ├── PostgresConnections.md
    ├── PostgresGettingStarted.md
    ├── PostgresSharedMemory.md
    ├── ProblematicExtensions.md
    ├── Python37VirtualenvOnInnit.md
    ├── PythonAnywhere.md
    ├── PythonVersions.md
    ├── RAMLimit.md
    ├── React.md
    ├── RebuildingVirtualenvs.md
    ├── RedirectWebApp.md
    ├── RegularPostgresBackups.md
    ├── ReloadWebApp.md
    ├── RequestingAllowlistAdditions.md
    ├── RequestingWhitelistAdditions.md
    ├── SMTPForFreeUsers.md
    ├── SSHAccess.md
    ├── SSHTunnelling.md
    ├── SSLOwnDomains.md
    ├── SaveAndRunPythonVersion.md
    ├── ScheduledTaskParameters.md
    ├── ScheduledTasks.md
    ├── SecuringYourAccount.md
    ├── Selenium.md
    ├── SettingTheTimezone.md
    ├── ShareMyCodeOnline.md
    ├── StartingEncryptedConnection.md
    ├── StaticFiles.md
    ├── StaticIPForExternalAllowlists.md
    ├── StaticIPForExternalWhitelists.md
    ├── Streamlit.md
    ├── TLSVersionSupport.md
    ├── TaLib.md
    ├── TkinterPygameEtc.md
    ├── TroubleshootingDNS.md
    ├── TwilioBehindTheProxy.md
    ├── TypesOfConsoles.md
    ├── TypingProblemsInternational.md
    ├── UploadingAndDownloadingFiles.md
    ├── UsingANewDomainForExistingWebApp.md
    ├── UsingCherryPy.md
    ├── UsingDropbox.md
    ├── UsingMySQL.md
    ├── UsingSQLAlchemywithMySQL.md
    ├── UsingTornado.md
    ├── VirtualEnvForNewerDjango.md
    ├── VirtualEnvForWebsites.md
    ├── VirtualEnvInScheduledTasks.md
    ├── Virtualenvs.md
    ├── VirtualenvsExplained.md
    ├── Vue.md
    ├── Web2pyAdminPassword.md
    ├── Web2pyFakeMigration.md
    ├── Web2pyScheduler.md
    ├── WebAppBasics.md
    ├── WebAppClientIPAddresses.md
    ├── WebDotPyWSGIConfig.md
    ├── WhatAreCPUSeconds.md
    └── index.md
├── conf.py
├── deploy.sh
├── files
    ├── MySQL_workspace_login.png
    ├── PythonAnywhere_Debugging_Playbook.pdf
    ├── always-on-task-running.png
    ├── always-on-tasks-table.png
    ├── api-token-needs-generation.png
    ├── api-token-set-up.png
    ├── cloudflare-dns-settings.png
    ├── cloudflare-new-webapp.png
    ├── cloudflare-response-headers-static.png
    ├── cloudflare-response-headers.png
    ├── code_screenshot.png
    ├── favicon.ico
    ├── force-https.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-editor-cert-and-key-added.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-editor-custom-cert-installed.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-editor-custom-selected.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-editor-letsencrypt-selected.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-letsencrypt-installed.png
    ├── https-setup-security-section-no-cert.png
    ├── https-setup-web-app-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-account-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-api-no-token-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-api-with-token-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-front-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-plans-page.png
    ├── integrating-pa-signup-page.png
    ├── letsencrypt-staticfiles.png
    ├── pdf_tools_in_bash.png
    ├── postgres-tableplus.png
    ├── pycharm-ssh-tunnel-dialog.png
    ├── rename_webapp.jpg
    ├── select_framework_screenshot.png
    ├── smile.png
    ├── static_screenshot.png
    ├── students_dropdown.png
    └── virtualenv_screenshot.png
├── flask_app.py
├── plugins
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── generate_llms_txt
    │   ├── generate_llms_txt.plugin
    │   └── generate_llms_txt.py
    └── localsearch
    │   ├── MIT-LICENSE.txt
    │   ├── README.md
    │   ├── conf.py.sample
    │   ├── localsearch.plugin
    │   └── localsearch
    │       ├── __init__.py
    │       └── files
    │           ├── assets
    │               ├── css
    │               │   ├── img
    │               │   │   ├── loader.gif
    │               │   │   └── search.png
    │               │   └── tipuesearch.css
    │               └── js
    │               │   ├── tipuesearch.js
    │               │   └── tipuesearch_set.js
    │           └── tipue_search.html
├── requirements.txt
└── themes
    └── pythonanywhere
        ├── README.md
        ├── assets
            ├── css
            │   ├── bootstrap-responsive.css
            │   ├── bootstrap-responsive.min.css
            │   ├── bootstrap.css
            │   ├── bootstrap.min.css
            │   ├── colorbox.css
            │   ├── help.css
            │   ├── images
            │   │   ├── controls.png
            │   │   └── loading.gif
            │   ├── page.css
            │   └── theme.css
            ├── img
            │   ├── glyphicons-halflings-white.png
            │   └── glyphicons-halflings.png
            ├── js
            │   ├── bootstrap.js
            │   ├── bootstrap.min.js
            │   ├── colorbox-i18n
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-ar.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-bg.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-bn.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-ca.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-cs.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-da.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-de.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-es.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-et.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-fa.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-fi.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-fr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-gl.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-gr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-he.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-hr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-hu.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-id.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-it.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-ja.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-kr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-lt.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-lv.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-my.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-nl.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-no.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-pl.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-pt-BR.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-ro.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-ru.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-si.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-sk.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-sr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-sv.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-tr.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-uk.js
            │   │   ├── jquery.colorbox-zh-CN.js
            │   │   └── jquery.colorbox-zh-TW.js
            │   ├── flowr.plugin.js
            │   ├── google.js
            │   ├── jquery.colorbox-min.js
            │   ├── jquery.colorbox.js
            │   ├── jquery.min.js
            │   ├── jquery.min.map
            │   └── pretty.js
            └── screenshots
            │   ├── bash_console_screenshot.png
            │   ├── bpython_screenshot.png
            │   ├── editor_screenshot.png
            │   ├── ipython_screenshot.png
            │   └── python_screenshot.png
        ├── bundles
        ├── engine
        ├── parent
        └── templates
            ├── base.tmpl
            ├── base_helper.tmpl
            ├── post.tmpl
            ├── pythonanywhere.tmpl
            ├── slides.tmpl
            └── tags.tmpl


/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | *.pyc
2 | .idea/
3 | .doit.db
4 | .doit.db.db
5 | cache/
6 | output/
7 | .venv/
8 | 
9 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # The PythonAnywhere Help Pages
 2 | 
 3 | This repo contains the source files for help.pythonanywhere.com.  They are
 4 | stored in markdown format and converted to html by the Nikola static site generator.
 5 | Individual help pages can be found in the "articles" folder.
 6 | 
 7 | Pull requests are welcome!  The only page for which we can't
 8 | accept them are the API docs, which are auto-generated from our code -- if you
 9 | find a problem with them, then you can let us know by raising an issue on the
10 | GitHub repository.
11 | 
12 | 
13 | ## (for PA developers): pushing changes to live
14 | 
15 | A post-receive hook will take care of the nikola build and deploy
16 | 
17 |     git remote add live-site help@ssh.pythonanywhere.com:/home/help/barerepo.git
18 |     # you'll probably want to add your public key to help's authorized_keys
19 |     git push live-site master
20 | 
21 | 
22 | ## generating the help pages manually
23 | 
24 | The sources, if you need to rebuild manually are in `/var/www/nikola-sources`
25 | 
26 | For whatever reason...
27 | 
28 |     workon nikola-innit
29 |     nikola build
30 |     nikola deploy  # nb this has a hard-coded path to a static files directory for the web app, so don't run it on your own pc
31 | 
32 | ## Git stuff
33 | 
34 | The git post-receive hook (in `/home/help/barerepo.git/hooks`), in case it gets killed is:
35 | 
36 |     #!/bin/bash
37 |     export GIT_WORK_TREE=/var/www/nikola-sources
38 |     mkdir -p $GIT_WORK_TREE
39 |     git checkout -f
40 |     echo "begin nikola build: "`date` >> /home/help/deploy-log.txt
41 |     cd $GIT_WORK_TREE
42 |     /home/help/.virtualenvs/nikola-innit/bin/nikola check --clean-files
43 |     rm -f output/assets/js/tipuesearch_content.json
44 |     /home/help/.virtualenvs/nikola-innit/bin/nikola build
45 |     /home/help/.virtualenvs/nikola-innit/bin/nikola deploy
46 |     echo "deploy completed: "`date` >> /home/help/deploy-log.txt
47 | 
48 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/403ForbiddenError.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: 403 Forbidden error
 4 | .. slug: 403ForbiddenError
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | ## Why do I get a "403 Forbidden" or "[Errno 111] Connection refused" error when accessing a website from PythonAnywhere?
16 | 
17 | 
18 | Free accounts' internet access goes via a proxy "allowlist"; they can only access
19 | sites that are on that list.  [Here is the list
20 | of sites currently allowed](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/whitelist/).
21 | 
22 | We operate this to prevent malicious users from using our site to hack into and
23 | spam other websites. **Paid-for accounts don't have this limitation**, because
24 | we can connect them to real people. Spammers and criminals prefer to be
25 | anonymous, so we figure they're unlikely to sign up for paid accounts here.
26 | 
27 | 
28 | ### [Errno 111] Connection refused
29 | 
30 | 
31 | This error suggests that either the library you're using doesn't support using
32 | a proxy, or that it needs to be configured to use a proxy. Have a look at the
33 | docs for the library to determine which it is and consider raising an issue
34 | with the project about proxy support.
35 | 
36 | 
37 | ## Proxy Details
38 | 
39 | In order to make a connection to a site that is on the allowlist, you will need to connect
40 | through our proxy server. This is an HTTP proxy at `proxy.server:3128`. Most
41 | Python libraries recognise and use the setting that we supply (for
42 | instance, with `requests`, you don't need to do anything special), others need
43 | to be specifically configured to use the proxy (check the documentation of the
44 | library to find out how) and some don't work through the proxy at all (for
45 | instance, any library that uses httplib2 on Python 3 e.g. `twilio`)
46 | 
47 | 
48 | ## Upgrading your account
49 | 
50 | Paying users have unrestricted access.  You can [upgrade your account here if you're on our US site](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/),
51 | or [from here if you're on our EU site](https://eu.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/).
52 | 
53 | After you upgrade you'll need to kill any old consoles and start new ones to get your
54 | new Internet settings.  You'll also need to restart any webapps and scheduled tasks.
55 | 
56 | 
57 | ## Requesting an addition to the allowlist
58 | 
59 | See [this page](/pages/RequestingAllowlistAdditions/)
60 | 
61 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/502BadGateway.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: I'm getting a "502 Bad Gateway / Backend" or a "504-loadbalancer" error. What to do next?
 4 | .. slug: 502BadGateway
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | ## Try hitting "Reload" again
17 | 
18 | 
19 | It may just be a glitch! Reloading often clears things up. 
20 | 
21 | 
22 | ## Wait for the web app to be fully reloaded
23 | 
24 | 
25 | Sometimes, if you go and visit your site immediately after hitting the "Reload"
26 | button, you end up trying to access the site while it's still reloading, and
27 | that can cause a bad gateway error. Make sure the spinner has stopped before
28 | viewing the site. 
29 | 
30 | 
31 | ## Look for import errors or syntax errors in your WSGI file
32 | 
33 | 
34 | If your WSGI file is totally broken, that can cause a 502 bad gateway error,
35 | and it wouldn't end up in the error logs. 
36 | 
37 | In almost all other cases, we should be able to catch exceptions and send them
38 | to your error logs (you have checked your error logs haven't you?) 
39 | 
40 | 
41 | ## Don't use app.run() (for Flask) or try to run your own web server
42 | 
43 | 
44 | Flask's app.run() call tries to create its own web server, which is typically
45 | what you would use on your own machine. 
46 | 
47 | On our servers, we run web server processes for you (using uWSGI), so there's
48 | no need to use app.run(). Just provide the wsgi application as a variable
49 | called "application", and we'll do the rest. 
50 | 
51 | But if you try and call app.run(), it conflicts with our web worker and breaks
52 | stuff.   Similarly if you try and manually bind to a local port.
53 | 
54 | 
55 | ## Don't call django.setup in your web app code
56 | `django.setup` is a function that is used to initialise Django in a script so
57 | that you can use Django features in it. It re-initialises the logging
58 | system. When you call it in a web app, it breaks the logging and you will see a
59 | large number of log lines like this in your server log:
60 | 
61 | 
62 |     :::text
63 |     --- Logging error ---
64 |     Traceback (most recent call last):
65 |       File "/usr/lib/python3.10/logging/handlers.py", line 940, in emit#012    self.socket.sendto(msg, self.address)
66 |     OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor
67 | 
68 | 
69 | ## Look for any slow code that might be timing out
70 | 
71 | We set a 5-minute timeout on web requests.  Look through your **server log**
72 | (linked from the web tab) for any messages saying "Harakiri" -- they indicate
73 | a worker was killed taking too long to process a request.
74 | 
75 | If you need to do some heavy processing or number crunching in your web app,
76 | check out the tips [here](/pages/AsyncInWebApps)
77 | 
78 | ## Contact support if nothing else works
79 | 
80 | 
81 | We're always happy to help. Use the "send feedback" button, or post in the
82 | forums, or email us at
83 | [support@pythonanywhere.com](mailto:support@pythonanywhere.com). 
84 | 
85 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/AdminIsDisabledBecauseInsecureChannel.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Admin is disabled because insecure channel
 4 | .. slug: AdminIsDisabledBecauseInsecureChannel
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##Admin is disabled because insecure channel
18 | 
19 | 
20 | If you see a message like this on your web2py admin page, it's because, by default, web2py prevents access to its admin pages unless you use https. 
21 | 
22 | So, just try using https to access your web2py admin site. 
23 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/Buffering.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Buffering
 4 | .. slug: Buffering
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | Some background knowledge: 
17 | 
18 | When a request is sent from your browser to your webapp on PythonAnywhere, it actually goes to a loadbalancer, which receives and processes your request using a nginx reverse proxy, which figures out and forwards the request along to one of the servers that your webapp(s) is running on. 
19 | 
20 | That server receives and processes the request using its own nginx reverse proxy and passes it to uWSGI. Within uWSGI, since there are multiple webapps, there is the uWSGI emperor which passes the request over to the uWSGI vassal, which then gives it to one of many worker, which is running a special PythonAnywhere wrapper subprocess. 
21 | 
22 | This is where we do stuff like try to catch errors for you that say setting django or flask debug=True still cannot catch, put it nicely into your error log, and show you an error page that tells you to go read your logs etc. Only then does it get to your actual code. 
23 | 
24 | **tl;dr: your traffic goes through some jumps behind the scene and nginx buffers the response unless specified otherwise.**
25 | 
26 | To get everything to flush, 
27 | 
28 | 1. give your responses headers `headers['X-Accel-Buffering'] = 'no'`
29 | 
30 | 2. have a `'\n'` at the end of the string you are yielding because python also buffers till end of line. 
31 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/ChangingConsolesName.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Changing a console's Name
 3 | .. slug: ChangingConsolesName
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | ## How to change a console's name
13 | 
14 | When you create a new console in PythonAnywhere, it will have a name like "Python 3.10 console 121212"
15 | 
16 | To change it to something more memorable, go to the console, and look up at the
17 | top right of the page; you'll see the console's name there. Click on the name to
18 | change it.
19 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/ChangingFontSize.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Changing font size
 4 | .. slug: ChangingFontSize
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##How do I change the font size in a PythonAnywhere console?
18 | 
19 | 
20 | To change the font size, **click on the console** and then use Control-+ to make the font larger or Control-- to make it smaller. 
21 | 
22 | Don't use the normal browser zoom function (from the browser's menu, or by using Control-+/Control-- with anything apart from the console itself focused) because that can cause problems with the console. 
23 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/CompilingCPrograms.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Compiling C Programs
 3 | .. slug: CompilingCPrograms
 4 | .. date: 2022-02-17
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | You can't use `apt` or similar package managers to install programs on
13 | PythonAnywhere, because you do not have root access to the machine where your
14 | code runs -- in particular, you can't use the `sudo` command.
15 | 
16 | However, if you want to install a Linux tool that is written in C into
17 | your home directory, it's often possible.
18 | 
19 | Specifically, if the tool that you want to install has instructions on how to
20 | compile it from source, and the steps documented by the tool to do that are:
21 | 
22 | * Get the source (either by downloading it from a link and using `tar` to unpack it, or by using `git clone`
23 | * `cd` into the source directory
24 | * Run `./configure`
25 | * Run `make`
26 | * Run `sudo make install`
27 | 
28 | ...then you can often get it to work by following those steps, but adding
29 | the flag `--prefix=/home/$HOME/.local` to the `./configure` line, and then missing
30 | out the `sudo` on the install line.
31 | 


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/articles/Conda.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Conda
 3 | .. slug: conda
 4 | .. date: 2022-10-06 01:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | # Disclaimer
13 | 
14 | **Warning: Although it is possible to use `conda` on PythonAnywhere, it's still
15 | an experimental feature.**
16 | 
17 | Conda is only available in the "haggis" and "innit" system images
18 | 
19 | 
20 | # Creating the `.condarc` (optional)
21 | 
22 | We recommend creating a `conda` configuration file at `~/.condarc` with some
23 | basic setup:
24 | 
25 | ```
26 | # contents of ~/.condarc
27 | 
28 | auto_activate_base: false
29 | notify_outdated_conda: false
30 | ```
31 | 
32 | This will do 2 things:
33 | 
34 |   * prevent the automatic activation of the `conda` base environment each time
35 |     you start a Bash console.
36 |   * turn off upgrade notifications, because it is not possible for users
37 |     to upgrade `conda` and attempts to do that will lead to confusing errors.
38 | 
39 | 
40 | # Initializing conda
41 | 
42 | To initialize `conda`, in a Bash console, run:
43 | 
44 | ```
45 | /opt/conda/bin/conda init
46 | ```
47 | 
48 | You will need to start a new Bash console for this to have effect.
49 | 
50 | 
51 | # Creating an environment
52 | 
53 | With conda initialized, you should have a `conda` command available in a Bash
54 | console.  To confirm that it's working, just run it.
55 | 
56 | As the `base` `conda` environment is read only, you need to create your own
57 | environment to be able to install packages into it.  For example, to create a new
58 | environment called `my_env` with `requests` installed, run:
59 | 
60 | ```
61 | conda create --name my_env requests
62 | ```
63 | 
64 | After a successful run (it might take a while!), you should see an output with
65 | further instructions:
66 | 
67 | ```
68 | # To activate this environment, use
69 | #
70 | #     $ conda activate my_env
71 | #
72 | # To deactivate an active environment, use
73 | #
74 | #     $ conda deactivate
75 | ```
76 | 
77 | By default, environments will be created in `~/.conda/envs/`.
78 | 
79 | 
80 | # Caveats and limitations
81 | 
82 | ## Disk quota limitations
83 | 
84 | Conda environments take a lot of disk space, so creating a new conda environment
85 | may take a substantial part of your disk quota, so it may require a paid account.
86 | 
87 | A tip: if you want to check how much disk space is used by your `conda`
88 | environments and packages, run `du -hs ~/.conda`.  To learn more about disk
89 | space limitations, read [this help page](/pages/DiskQuota).
90 | 
91 | To check existing environments, run `conda env list` and to remove an
92 | environment with its packages, run `conda env remove --name my_env` (where
93 | "my_env" is a name of a previously created environment).
94 | 
95 | ## No support for web apps
96 | 
97 | Currently you will not be able to run a web app in a `conda` environment.
98 | 


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/articles/CopyAndPaste.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How do I copy and paste from PythonAnywhere consoles?
 3 | .. slug: CopyAndPaste
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | In consoles, copy and paste should work pretty much like it does in any editor.
13 | There's one exception: right now, it's not possible to copy/paste in Safari 10
14 | on Macs.  Chrome and Firefox work fine on all operating systems that we've
15 | tried.
16 | 
17 | To copy text, just select it and hit Ctrl-C (Command-C on a Mac). If the
18 | highlight marking the selection disappears, that's normal and it means it's
19 | worked.
20 | 
21 | To paste, use Ctrl-V (Command-V on a Mac).
22 | 
23 | If you're on Linux, you should also find that the middle-click paste buffer
24 | works just fine.
25 | 
26 | 
27 | ##Multiple lines
28 | 
29 | Pasting multiple lines works fine in both Firefox and Chrome.
30 | 
31 | Copying multiple lines works fine in Chrome, but in Firefox it sometimes ends up
32 | munging everything onto a single line when you paste it again.
33 | 
34 | 
35 | ##How to send ^C or ^V to the console
36 | 
37 | To send the actual Ctrl-C (^C) character to the console, just hit Control-C as
38 | usual when you have nothing selected.  Ctrl-C will only do a copy action when
39 | you have console text selected.
40 | 
41 | To send a Ctrl-V (^V), use Ctrl-Shift-V instead.
42 | 


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/articles/CustomPythonAnywhereSubdomains.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using Custom PythonAnywhere Subdomains
 3 | .. slug: CustomPythonAnywhereSubdomains
 4 | .. date: 2021-12-15 18:15:28 UTC
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | The "Your own domain" option on our "Add a new web app" dialog is normally used
13 | to specify a domain that you own -- something like `www.yourdomain.com`.
14 | 
15 | However, if you don't own a domain, or don't want to use a fully custom one,
16 | you can also use a custom subdomain of `pythonanywhere.com`.  It must be of the
17 | format
18 | 
19 |     something-yourusername.pythonanywhere.com
20 | 
21 | ...or, on our EU system:
22 | 
23 |     something-yourusername.eu.pythonanywhere.com
24 | 
25 | ...where the "something" can be any combination of numbers and letters, and the
26 | "yourusername" is your normal PythonAnywhere username.
27 | 


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/articles/DashWSGIConfig.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to configure a Dash web app as a pythonanywhere wsgi application
 4 | .. slug: DashWSGIConfig
 5 | .. date: 2017-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | Dash apps have a app.server that you need to pass to WSGI. Your WSGI file (which
16 | you can find linked from the "Web" page) will have something like this:
17 | 
18 |     :::python
19 |     from myapp import app
20 |     application = app.server
21 | 
22 | We followed [this Dash tutorial](https://plot.ly/dash/getting-started)
23 | and created [this website](http://dashingdemo.pythonanywhere.com/) using the
24 | code from the first example. You can take a look at the git repo [here](https://github.com/pythonanywhere/dashingdemo).
25 | 
26 | Other than that, be sure to check out our guide to [Debugging import errors](/pages/DebuggingImportError) for general tips on dealing with problems in your wsgi config.
27 | 


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/articles/DatabaseCharacterSets.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Database character sets
 4 | .. slug: DatabaseCharacterSets
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ###Setting up character sets in MySQL on PythonAnywhere
18 | 
19 | 
20 | By default, PythonAnywhere creates your databases with the MySQL default character set/collation settings -- these are: 
21 | 
22 |   * Character set: latin1 
23 |   * Collation: latin1_swedish_ci 
24 | 
25 | If you want to store non-latin characters in your database (eg. Cyrillic) then you'll need to change its character set and collation settings, firstly on your database and then secondly on each table. To do this, start a MySQL console, then run the following command (replacing `databasename` with your database's name, of course): 
26 | 
27 |     ALTER DATABASE databasename CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
28 | 
29 | 
30 | Then, for each table run this: 
31 | 
32 |     ALTER TABLE tablename CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
33 | 
34 | 


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/articles/DeleteAccount.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How do I delete my PythonAnywhere account?
 3 | .. slug: DeleteAccount
 4 | .. date: 2018-02-09 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | ## How do I delete my PythonAnywhere account?
14 | 
15 | Just email us at [usercare@anaconda.com](mailto:usercare@anaconda.com)
16 | and we can delete all of your files and data from our system -- we'll
17 | need to do a quick security check to make sure that it really is you
18 | and not a hacker spoofing emails from your address, though.
19 | 
20 | If you want your request to be processed quickly and efficiently,
21 | write from the **email address** that you **registered your account**
22 | with, and use the following form:
23 | 
24 | **Subject**: Delete account "your-username"
25 | 
26 | **Body**: I request to permanently delete my PythonAnywhere account
27 | "your-username" with all its files and data.
28 | 
29 | 


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/articles/DiskQuota.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Disk Quota
 3 | .. slug: DiskQuota
 4 | .. date: 2018-07-13
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Your account on PythonAnywhere has a specific amount of storage space available
13 | for saving files -- Python scripts, images, data, or anything else you want.
14 | Free accounts get a disk quota of 512MiB; paid accounts get more, the exact
15 | amount depending on what kind of account you have.
16 | 
17 | You can view your current disk quota and the amount used on the dashboard and on
18 | the "Files" page.
19 | 
20 | ## Running out of disk space
21 | 
22 | If you run low on disk space, the text on the "Files" page showing how much you
23 | are using will turn red.
24 | 
25 | If you run out completely, it will show that fact there, and also when your code
26 | tries to write to disk you will get an error message -- something like this:
27 | 
28 |     Disk quota exceeded
29 | 
30 | (If you were running a script via Python, it might come in the form of an
31 | `OSError`, but will include that message.)
32 | 
33 | 
34 | ## How to find what's using up all your space
35 | 
36 | Open up a **Bash console** and use the `du` ("disk-usage") to find out how much space
37 | is being used in various places in your file storage:
38 | 
39 |     du -hs /tmp ~/.[!.]* ~/* | sort -h
40 | 
41 | ## How to find the amount of disk space used
42 | 
43 | Number of bytes used in your file storage: 
44 | Open up a **Bash console** and use this command to find out how many bytes are used:
45 | 
46 |     du -s -B 1 /tmp ~/.[!.]* ~/* | awk '{s+=$1}END{print s}'
47 | 
48 | ## Cleaning up unused files
49 | 
50 | The files in `/tmp/` are the most common cause of an unexpected quota max-out.
51 | It's usually safe to just delete them all:
52 | 
53 |     rm -rf /tmp/* /tmp/.*
54 | 
55 | You can also clean up any old, unused virtualenvs with `rmvirtualenv my-old-venv-name`.
56 | 
57 | Other tips for freeing up disk space:
58 | 
59 | * Uninstall python packages you don't need anymore with `pipX.Y uninstall <package name> --user` (replacing the X.Y with the Python version you installed the packages for -- for example, 3.8)
60 | * Delete your cache files with `rm -rf ~/.cache/*`
61 | 


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/articles/DiskQuotaExceeded.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Disk Quota Exceeded
 4 | .. slug: DiskQuotaExceeded
 5 | .. date: 2017-07-01 10:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | See [this page](/pages/DiskQuota).
15 | 


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/articles/Django400BadRequest.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: 400 Bad Request error from Django
 4 | .. slug: Django400BadRequest
 5 | .. date: 2016-03-09 13:53:04 UTC+00:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | Are you looking at an error message from a Django application that says
14 | 
15 |     400 Bad Request
16 | 
17 | 
18 | Unfriendly huh?   It's a common django problem though (as you'll see from a 
19 | [quick google search](https://www.google.com/?q=django+400+bad+request),
20 | and the answer is that you need to set the `ALLOWED_HOSTS` setting in your
21 | *settings.py* (or switch `DEBUG` back to True)
22 | 
23 | More info in the [django documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts)
24 | 
25 | 


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/articles/DjangoAdminCSSNotWorking.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: The Django Admin CSS isn't working!
 4 | .. slug: DjangoAdminCSSNotWorking
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | There are two ways to fix this.
16 | 
17 | The ugly/hacky way is to add a specific static files mapping pointing at the django admin css folder:
18 | 
19 |   * url: `/static/admin`
20 |   * path: `/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/` (or the path to the same folder inside your virtualenv, if you're using one)
21 | 
22 | But that's an ugly hack, and you'll soon run into problems with the rest of your CSS not loading.
23 | 
24 | The "proper" way to do it is to make sure you've got `django.contrib.admin` loaded in your `INSTALLED_APPS`, and then run `collectstatic`. There's a [full guide to django static files here](/pages/DjangoStaticFiles)
25 | 


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/articles/DjangoTutorial.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Django tutorial
 4 | .. slug: DjangoTutorial
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | *To follow the official django tutorial on PythonAnywhere, check out [FollowingTheDjangoTutorial](/pages/FollowingTheDjangoTutorial)*
15 | 


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/articles/EmbeddedConsoles.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Embeddable consoles
 4 | .. slug: EmbeddedConsoles
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | Want to have a live Python console on your website, like on the [python.org](https://www.python.org) front page? No problem.
16 | 
17 | Use an iframe, like this:
18 | 
19 |     <iframe style="width: 640; height: 480; border: none;" name="embedded_python_anywhere" src="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/embedded3/"></iframe>
20 | 
21 | 
22 | Or use this link for python 2:
23 | 
24 |     <iframe style="width: 640; height: 480; border: none;" name="embedded_python_anywhere2" src="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/embedded/"></iframe>
25 | 
26 | 
27 | This will spawn a new "anonymous" console for each visitor to your site (unless they have a pythonanywhere account already, and are signed into it, in which case the console will actually run inside their account).
28 | 


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/articles/ErrorReloadingWebApp.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Error Reloading web app
 4 | .. slug: ErrorReloadingWebApp
 5 | .. date: 2017-07-21 10:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | ## What to do when you see "error reloading web app".
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ### Could it be a short-term glitch?
18 | 
19 | The first thing to is wait a few minutes and try again.  Sometimes there's just
20 | a short-term glitch on the server, and next time you try it, everything should be
21 | fine.
22 | 
23 | This should only happen rarely however.  If you see errors frequently when reloading
24 | your web app, read on, there probably is a real issue.
25 | 
26 | 
27 | ### Did the reload time-out?  Could something be causing your site to respond slowly?
28 | 
29 | When we reload your web app, we "ping" it with a single hit at the end of the reload
30 | process, to ensure the web app has fully loaded and is responding to requests (otherwise
31 | the first hit on the site feels very slow, as python has to load up your web framework,
32 | all your dependencies, etc.  Subsequent hits should be faster).
33 | 
34 | We set a **20-second timeout** on that first hit.  So, if for some reason your web app
35 | is slow to respond -- either slow in general, or just slow to respond to that first hit --
36 | then you'll see these timeout errors.
37 | 
38 | So, it may be worth looking into reasons your app might be slow, and if you find some,
39 | try to optimize your code, or do less processing in your web requests, and do more of it
40 | asynchronously somehow.  See [this page on async web work](/pages/AsyncInWebApps).
41 | 
42 | 
43 | ### Did your site actually reload correctly?
44 | 
45 | If your app seems to be working fine, then maybe it's nothing to worry about.
46 | 
47 | If your app is slow to respond to the first hit (as per the above), for example,
48 | but it performs well for all subsequent hits, then you don't really need to do
49 | anything.
50 | 
51 | 
52 | ### Is your site showing errors? (500)
53 | 
54 | If your site is showing an "unhandled exception" error page, then that might 
55 | point toward the source of the problem.  Check your **error log** and **server log**,
56 | you'll find links to them from the web tab
57 | 
58 | 
59 | ### 502 and 504 errors
60 | 
61 | If your site is showing a 502 or a 504 error, that's more serious.  It means
62 | we haven't been able to load your code at all.
63 | 
64 | One possiblity could be that you're doing something that's incompatible with our
65 | hosting model, like trying to manually bind to a port (see, eg,
66 | [Flask504Error](/pages/Flask504Error)).  Don't do that!
67 | 
68 | 
69 | ###  Harakiri  (another kind of timeout)
70 | 
71 | Have a look in your **server log** for any messages saying "harakiri".  Those
72 | indicate that your web app is not only timing out on the first hit, but it's
73 | actually hitting our server-side 5-minute timeout for requests.  Take a look
74 | through your code for anything that could be taking a very long time to complete.
75 | 
76 | And, again, see [this page on async web work](/pages/AsyncInWebApps) for alternative
77 | places to run your code.
78 | 
79 | 


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/articles/ExternalVCS.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: External VCS
 4 | .. slug: ExternalVCS
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ## Using external version control systems with PythonAnywhere
15 | 
16 | Rather than uploading and downloading files manually, you might prefer to pull
17 | in a whole repository of source code from somewhere like [GitHub](//www.github.com/)
18 | or [BitBucket](//www.bitbucket.org/).
19 | 
20 | Bash consoles — create them from the [Consoles page](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/consoles/) —
21 | include popular source control clients: `git`, `hg` and `svn`.
22 | 
23 | If you're pulling in from a private git repo on [GitHub](//www.github.com/), you
24 | may need to setup a new ssh key, and copy &amp; paste it into your [GitHub](//www.github.com/) account's authorised keys.
25 | 
26 |     ssh-keygen
27 |     cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
28 | 
29 | 
30 | Check out the [GitHub help pages](//help.github.com/linux-set-up-git/#_set_up_ssh_keys)
31 | for more info.
32 | 
33 | 
34 | ## Free account restrictions
35 | 
36 | Be aware that free users are restricted to an [allowlist](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/whitelist/)
37 | of sites, and to the HTTP/HTTPS protocol. We also allow the pure-git protocol to certain popular services like github and bitbucket.
38 | 
39 | So you should be able to use bitbucket or github as normal. If you're storing your
40 | git or hg repository on your own server, then you'll need to use https in your repo
41 | URLs instead of the `git@` syntax...
42 | 
43 | Github now require token-based authentication for https access to repositories.
44 | They have a help page [here](https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/creating-a-personal-access-token)
45 | that covers how to configure and use token-based authentication.
46 | 


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/articles/FTP.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to get your code in and out of PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. slug: FTP
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | This help page has been moved to [here](/pages/UploadingAndDownloadingFiles)


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/articles/FileBrowser.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: File browser
 4 | .. slug: FileBrowser
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | You have a [certain amount of storage](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/) on our servers in the form of a home folder and a /tmp.
15 | 
16 | We've built a file browser which you can use to explore your folders, and download any files you've created. Just go to the [Dashboard](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/dashboard/) (there's a link at the top right of every page) and then click on the [Files](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/files/) tab.
17 | 
18 | You'll find an "Upload" button appears inside any folders you have write access to. Use this to upload files from your PC.
19 | 
20 | If you have [ssh access](/pages/SSHAccess) (included in all paid-for accounts), you can also use `scp` (including WinSCP) to copy files up to PythonAnywhere.
21 | 
22 | From inside the file browser, you can edit text files; find it on the [Files](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/files/) tab, then click its "edit" link, and you'll be taken to [the file editor](/pages/FileEditor). Alternatively, if you prefer to use vim or emacs, you can run them from a bash console.
23 | 


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/articles/FileEditor.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: File editor
 4 | .. slug: FileEditor
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##The file editor
18 | 
19 | 
20 | PythonAnywhere's built-in file editor allows you to edit your files with syntax highlighting and, for Python, simple pyflakes-based error-checking.
21 | 
22 | When you want to run your code, you can use the black "Save and run" button at the top right, with its three chevrons >>>.
23 | 
24 | The default Python version depends on the [system image](/pages/ChangingSystemImage) that your account is set up to use.  If you want to change that, see the
25 | [instructions for changing the default editor Python version](/pages/SaveAndRunPythonVersion).
26 | 
27 | 


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/articles/Flask504And502Errors.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Dealing with 504 and 502 errors in Flask applications
 3 | .. slug: Flask504And502Errors
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | The most common problem we see with Flask sites is that people try and call
13 | 
14 |     :::python
15 |     app.run()
16 |     # don't do this!
17 | 
18 | This tries to launch Flask's own development server, which is not
19 | necessary on PythonAnywhere, because we do the server part for you.  Starting a
20 | development server will just block your code, meaning that it can never receive
21 | requests from our web-hosting system.
22 | 
23 | All you need is to import your Flask app object into your WSGI file -- something like
24 | this:
25 | 
26 |     :::python
27 |     from my_flask_app import app as application
28 | 
29 | 
30 | The app object has to be renamed application, like that.
31 | 
32 | **Do not call `app.run()` anywhere in your code** as it will conflict with the
33 | PythonAnywhere workers and cause errors (normally with error code 504, but
34 | sometimes with code 502).
35 | 
36 | If you want to be able to run your code on your own machine in test mode, then
37 | you can guard the `app.run()` like this:
38 | 
39 | ```python
40 | if __name__ == '__main__':
41 |     app.run()
42 | ```
43 | 
44 | That means that you can run the development server with something like
45 | `python mysite.py` on your own machine, but the `app.run()` is prevented from
46 | running on PythonAnywhere because on our system, `__name__` will not be equal
47 | to `'__main__'`.
48 | 
49 | Other than that, be sure to check out our guide to
50 | [debugging import errors](/pages/DebuggingImportError) for general tips on
51 | dealing with problems in your WSGI config.
52 | 


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/articles/Flask504Error.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Dealing with 504 errors in Flask applications
 3 | .. slug: Flask504Error
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | See [Dealing with 504 or 502 errors in Flask applications](/pages/Flask504And502Errors).


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/FlaskSendFileAndBytesIO.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using Flask's send_file function with BytesIO
 3 | .. date: 2020-03-24 17:19:00 UTC+00:00
 4 | .. slug: FlaskSendFileBytesIO
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Flask's send_file function provides an optimised way to send a file from your
13 | web app. However, if you pass it a `BytesIO` object, you may get one of the
14 | following errors:
15 | 
16 |     SystemError: <built-in function uwsgi_sendfile> returned a result with an error set
17 |     
18 |     io.UnsupportedOperation: fileno
19 | 
20 |     
21 |     
22 | This happens because the server software that we use to manage your web apps
23 | assumes that anything that is passed to it through that mechanism is an actual
24 | file on the disk. This is not correct behavior according to the WSGI
25 | specification and they have a fix in development that we will deploy at some
26 | point after it is released.
27 | 
28 | In the meantime, you can work around this with code like this:
29 | 
30 |     :::python
31 |     from io import BytesIO
32 |     from flask import Flask, Response
33 |     from werkzeug import FileWrapper
34 |     
35 |     app = Flask(__name__)
36 |     
37 |     @app.route('/')
38 |     def hello_world():
39 |         b = BytesIO(b"blah blah blah")
40 |         w = FileWrapper(b)
41 |         return Response(w, mimetype="text/plain", direct_passthrough=True)
42 |         
43 |     
44 | This uses the built-in Flask FileWrapper, which does support in-memory
45 | file-like objects and avoids the use of the server's optimisation that does not
46 | work.
47 | 


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/articles/Fonts.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Fonts
 4 | .. slug: Fonts
 5 | .. date: 2020-01-30 15:35:28 UTC+00:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ## Fonts in rendered output
18 | 
19 | Some packages (like matplotlib and bokeh, for example) use the fonts that are
20 | installed on the operating system to render their output and so there may be
21 | cases where the fonts in your output do not look the way you expect.
22 | 
23 | There are already a large number of fonts installed on PythonAnywhere. You can
24 | see a list of them by running
25 | 
26 |     :::bash
27 |     fc-list : family style spacing
28 |     
29 |     
30 | in a Bash console. The name in front of the colon on each line is the name that
31 | you can use to load and use the font in your program.
32 | 
33 | If you want to use a particular font or a custom one, you can install TrueType
34 | fonts for your account.
35 | 
36 | 
37 | ## Installing TrueType fonts
38 | 
39 | * Copy the *.ttf files that define the font into ~/.fonts
40 | * Run
41 | 
42 |         :::bash
43 |         fc-cache -f -v
44 |     
45 |     
46 |     in a Bash console
47 |     
48 | * The new font should be available so that you can use it.
49 |     
50 | 
51 | 


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/articles/ForcingHTTPS.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Forcing HTTPS
 3 | .. slug: ForcingHTTPS
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | **Please note that if you have a custom domain, forcing HTTPS is something that
13 | you should do after you have [set up HTTPS](/pages/HTTPSSetup) -- otherwise you
14 | will be forcing visitors to your site to use a protocol that it does not support,
15 | and they will get security errors.**
16 | 
17 | 
18 | ### What is forcing HTTPS?
19 | 
20 | For some web sites you might want to not just offer HTTPS access to your users
21 | -- you might want to force all connections to go through HTTPS, so that when
22 | someone visits `http://www.yoursite.com/` they're automatically redirected to
23 | `https://www.yoursite.com/`.   This is something you can set up on the
24 | "Web" page:
25 | 
26 | <img alt="Force HTTPS button" src="/force-https.png" class="bordered-image">
27 | 
28 | Click on the slider to activate it, and then reload your website using the
29 | button at the top -- you're all set.
30 | 
31 | 
32 | ### FAQ:  can I force HTTPS on the naked domain?
33 | 
34 | The best way to do that is to use the free secure naked domain redirection service
35 | at [NakedSSL](https://www.nakedssl.com/).
36 | 
37 | 
38 | ### Alternative solution: CloudFlare
39 | 
40 | Edge caching providers like CloudFlare have their own solutions for HTTPS redirecting,
41 | which are worth looking into:
42 | 
43 | * [CloudFlare support article on https redirects](https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200170536-How-do-I-redirect-all-visitors-to-HTTPS-SSL-)
44 | * [Our own blog post on setting up CloudFlare and PythonAnywhere](https://blog.pythonanywhere.com/80/)
45 | 


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/articles/GeneratorExit.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: GeneratorExit/OSError: write error messages
 3 | .. slug: GeneratorExit
 4 | .. date: 2017-03-02
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Sometimes you may see errors like these in your PythonAnywhere website's error log:
13 | 
14 |     2017-02-16 13:09:32 Thu Feb 16 13:09:32 2017 - uwsgi_response_writev_headers_and_body_do(): Broken pipe [core/writer.c line 287] during GET / (10.0.0.14)
15 |     2017-02-16 13:09:32 ERROR:root:IOError: write error
16 |     2017-02-16 13:09:32 ERROR:root:GeneratorExit
17 | 
18 | You can generally ignore this specific kind of error, unless you're getting very large
19 | numbers of them (eg. more than one per ten hits to your website).
20 | 
21 | What these kinds of error mean is that a browser (or some other system that was making a request)
22 | disconnected from your site while it was trying
23 | to send data back.  This happens every now and then for every site -- the
24 | Internet is never 100% reliable (especially if people are connecting to your
25 | site from mobile devices or over unreliable wifi), so people get disconnected
26 | and you see an error like that.
27 | 
28 | It only indicates a real problem if you see a lot of them, because that can mean
29 | that your site is running really slowly, and people are getting impatient and
30 | clicking away, or closing the browser tab, or API requests are timing out.
31 | 
32 | To debug performance problems with your site, check out the hints and tips on
33 | [this help page](/pages/MySiteIsSlow).
34 | 


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/articles/GettingYourAPIToken.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Getting your API token
 3 | .. slug: GettingYourAPIToken
 4 | .. date: 2024-08-20 14:30:00 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | ### Getting your API token
12 | 
13 | log in to PythonAnywhere, and go to the "Account" page using the link at the
14 | top right. Click on the "API token" tab; if you don't already have a token, it
15 | will look like this:
16 | 
17 | <img alt="API token not set up" src="/api-token-needs-generation.png" class="bordered-image">
18 | 
19 | Click the "Create a new API token" button to get your token, and you'll see
20 | this:
21 | 
22 | <img alt="API token set up" src="/api-token-set-up.png" class="bordered-image">
23 | 
24 | That string of letters and numbers (masked out in the screenshot) is the API
25 | token, and anyone who has it can access your PythonAnywhere account and do
26 | stuff -- so keep it secret. If someone does somehow get hold of it, you can
27 | revoke it on this page by clicking the red button -- that stops it from working
28 | in the future, and creates a new one for you to use.
29 | 


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/articles/GmailAppSpecificPasswords.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Gmail App-Specific Passwords
 3 | .. slug: GmailAppSpecificPasswords
 4 | .. date: 2021-03-17 18:35:28 UTC
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Google sometimes blocks SMTP requests from IP addresses it doesn't recognise.
13 | When that happens, you will normally get an error that looks like this:
14 | 
15 |     SMTPAuthenticationError: Please log in via your web browser and then try again.
16 | 
17 | If you're finding emails aren't getting sent, and you get that error, try visiting the security page on
18 | your Google account, and have a look for security notifications. Things may start
19 | working if you approve some requests listed there, but the best long-term fix is to
20 | generate an application-specific password.
21 | 
22 | Here's the [Google Help page on how to do that](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833?hl=en).
23 | 
24 | We've also had reports that app-specific passwords can also get blocked; you'll
25 | start getting errors back when your code tries to authenticate saying something
26 | like "Please log in via your web browser and then try again."
27 | 
28 | The solution to this seems to be:
29 | 
30 |   1. Confirm that recent logins really were from you on the [Google account security page](https://myaccount.google.com/security)
31 |   2. Unlock the account by [entering a captcha](http://www.google.com/accounts/DisplayUnlockCaptcha).
32 | 
33 | Doing this should unlock the account, though it can take up to an hour to take effect.
34 | 


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/articles/Haskell.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Haskell
 4 | .. slug: Haskell
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | PythonAnywhere already comes with the Haskell ghc already installed. For example, you could do `runhaskell your-haskell-file.hs` to compile and run your own Haskell file. [Here](//learnyouahaskell.com/) is a great intro to Haskell.
17 | 
18 | Once you have gotten more familiar with Haskell, you may find that you want to setup automatic testing etc for your project. Below is a sample workflow to set up a Cabal environment where you can build your package and run tests:
19 | 
20 |     :::bash
21 |     # setup ~/.cabal and download latest package list from hackage.haskell.org
22 |     cabal update
23 | 
24 |     # upgrade cabal-install, the CLI tool, to a shiny new version to get sandbox functionality
25 |     cabal install cabal-install --jobs=5
26 | 
27 |     # the newly updated cabal will live in ~/.cabal/bin/cabal; make sure you are using it
28 |     echo "alias cabal=~/.cabal/bin/cabal" >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc
29 | 
30 |     mkdir a-cool-haskell-project
31 |     cd a-cool-haskell-project
32 | 
33 |     # setup a "virtualenv"
34 |     cabal sandbox init
35 |     # create your cabal package!
36 |     cabal init
37 | 
38 | 
39 | 
40 | After you have all this set up, you will be able to start developing your cabal package! Some common commands include:
41 | 
42 |     :::bash
43 |     # after you making changes, rebuild and run test suite
44 |     cabal build && cabal test --test-options="colors" --show-details="always"
45 | 
46 |     # if there are new build dependencies that you added to your .cabal file, need to configure and install packages before you build
47 |     cabal configure --enable-tests && cabal install --only-dependencies --enable-tests --jobs=5
48 | 
49 | 
50 | 
51 | You may also find [these](//www.stephendiehl.com/what/) [articles](//mambo.cab/how-to-make-a-thing-in-haskell-3) interesting and informative. Also, [hspec](//hspec.github.io/) has a useful automatic test discovery thing that may be pretty useful.
52 | 


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/articles/HostingAStaticSite.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Hosting a static site
 4 | .. slug: hosting-a-static-site
 5 | .. date: 2016-05-09 11:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | Hosting a static site (ie, a site that doesn't need to run python code to
15 | process requests, so only HTML and JavaScript) is possible on PythonAnywhere,
16 | using a little hack.
17 | 
18 | First, set up a web app using any framework and Python version (it doesn't matter
19 | which, since we won't need them.  Maybe just choose Manual Configuration and Python3.10).
20 | 
21 | Then, on the Web tab configuration screen, scroll down to the **Static Files**
22 | section, and add one new entry:
23 | 
24 | * URL: /
25 | * Path: /home/yourusername/path/to/your/static/site
26 | 
27 | Hit **Reload** on the web tab.
28 | 
29 | Then, any files in */home/yourusername/path/to/your/static/site* will be served
30 | automatically.  Start with */home/yourusername/path/to/your/static/site/index.html*
31 | for example!
32 | 
33 | 


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/articles/ICantSeeWhatIAmTyping.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: I can't see what I'm typing
 4 | .. slug: ICantSeeWhatIAmTyping
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##Help, I can't see what I'm typing!
18 | 
19 | 
20 | If you've typed into the console and your cursor went to the bottom of it, and now you can't see what you're typing (but it does seem to have an effect) the problem might be that your browser is zoomed in. This confuses the console and it starts trying to display the bottom line outside the visible part of the screen. 
21 | 
22 | You can reset the zoom level to default by hitting Ctrl+0 (Control-zero) 
23 | 
24 | Because the console tends to capture keypresses, you'll need to move the focus outside of the terminal. Click anywhere outside the console but inside the browser window... the URL bar, for example. Then hit Ctrl+0. 
25 | 
26 | Alternatively, you can use your browser's menu to reset it: in Chrome or Firefox, you do this by going to the browser menu (the three horizontal lines at the top right) and set the Zoom (in the menu) to 100%. 
27 | 
28 | One potential way to avoid having to keep changing your zoom settings around is to download an app such as [ZoomWheel](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/zoomwheel/kdfgigbjonaniokmpfflpflkhahhbaej/related) which can let you customize what zoom level you want for each website. 
29 | 


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/articles/IPv6.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: IPv6
 4 | .. date: 2016-08-16 11:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. slug: IPv6
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | Unfortunately, because we're using AWS as a hosting provider, and they don't support IPv6, that's a problem for us for now.
14 | 
15 | 
16 | We do have some ideas about how we might be able to get around it, but for now,
17 | you can support IPv6 if you use an edge caching / proxy service in front of
18 | PythonAnywhere. For example, [cloudflare](https://www.cloudflare.com/) can
19 | provide IPv6 support in front of your PythonAnywhere web app (and last we
20 | checked, it was included in their free plan!)
21 | 
22 | Here's a [blog post about using cloudflare with PythonAnywhere](https://blog.pythonanywhere.com/80/).
23 | 
24 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/IPythonNotebookVirtualenvs.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using a virtualenv in an IPython notebook
 3 | .. slug: IPythonNotebookVirtualenvs
 4 | .. date: 2015-09-24 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | <!--
13 | NOTE: this help page should mirror FT #5065.  If you change it, change the test.
14 | -->
15 | 
16 | **Note: these instructions will only work if you're on our most recent [system image](/pages/ChangingSystemImage)**
17 | 
18 | You can use a [virtualenv](/pages/VirtualenvsExplained) for your IPython notebook.
19 | Follow these steps:
20 | 
21 | 1. For the version of Python that you want in your virtualenv, get the version
22 |    of the jupyter package
23 | 
24 |     so for example, if you want to use Python 3.10, run the following and note the version:
25 | 
26 |         :::bash
27 |         pip3.10 show jupyter
28 | 
29 | 2. Install the package with the appropriate version into your virtualenv:
30 | 
31 |         :::bash
32 |         workon my-virtualenv-name  # activate your virtualenv, if you haven't already
33 |         pip install jupyter==<jupyter version from above>
34 | 
35 | 3. If you're on the "haggis" or the "innit" system image, run the following:
36 | 
37 |         :::bash
38 |         ipython kernel install --name "venv-name" --user
39 | 
40 |     The name that you give to the kernel can be anything as long as it only
41 |     contains ASCII letters and numbers and these separators: - . _ (hyphen,
42 |     period, and underscore)
43 | 
44 | 
45 | 4. You should now be able to see your kernel in the IPython notebook menu:
46 |    `Kernel -> Change kernel` and be able to switch to it (you may need to
47 |    refresh the page before it appears in the list). IPython will remember
48 |    which kernel to use for that notebook from then on.
49 | 
50 | **Note: ** For this to work, your virtualenv must be in the standard
51 | virtualenv directory. That is ~/.virtualenvs
52 | 


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/articles/ImportingYourLocalDatabaseToPythonAnywhere.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Importing your local database to PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. slug: ImportingYourLocalDatabaseToPythonAnywhere
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##Importing a local database to PythonAnywhere
18 | 
19 | 
20 | Thanks to NicholasMurray in the forums for this! He writes: 
21 | 
22 | Assuming that you have phpMyAdmin as I had. To backup your MySQL database using PHPMyAdmin just follow a couple of steps: 
23 | 
24 |   * Open phpMyAdmin. 
25 |   * Select your database by clicking the database name in the list on the left of the screen. 
26 |   * Click the Export link. This should bring up a new screen that says View dump of database (or something similar). 
27 |   * In the Export area, click the Select All link to choose all of the tables in your database. 
28 |   * In the SQL options area, click the right options. 
29 |   * Click on the Save as file option and the corresponding compression option and then click the 'Go' button. A dialog box should appear prompting you to save the file locally 
30 |   * Use the .sql extension 
31 |   * Upload the database backup to your files using the Files tab on the dashboard 
32 |   * Open a database console in the Databases tab on the console and type: 
33 | 
34 |     use yourusername$yourdatabasename;
35 |     source yourbackupname.sql;
36 | 
37 | 
38 |   * Then to view your newly imported tables 
39 | 
40 |     show tables;
41 | 
42 | 
43 |   * Then execute sql as normal 
44 | 
45 |     select * from yourtablename;
46 | 


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/articles/InstallingVirtualenvWrapper.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Installing virtualenvwrapper if you need to
 4 | .. slug: InstallingVirtualenvWrapper
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | *If you see a `command not found` error when trying to run `mkvirtualenv`, here's how to fix it.*
16 | 
17 | We install virtualenvwrapper for all new users by default. If you've got an older pythonanywhere account, it's easy to install virtualenvwrapper:
18 | 
19 |     :::bash
20 |     echo '' >> ~/.bashrc && echo 'source virtualenvwrapper.sh' >> ~/.bashrc
21 |     source virtualenvwrapper.sh
22 | 
23 | 
24 | Once you've added the virtualenvwrapper command to your `.basrhc`, mkvirtualenv and all the other tools will be available in all your bash consoles.
25 | 


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/articles/InternalServerError.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: I'm getting an Internal Server Error on my website
 4 | .. slug: InternalServerError
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | An internal server error on a website that you're hosting on PythonAnywhere is
15 | an indication that something is going wrong in your code.  To find out exactly
16 | what that is, you need to take a look at your website's error log.  There's a
17 | link to the error log on the "Web" page inside PythonAnywhere, and the most
18 | recent error message will be at the bottom of the file.
19 | 
20 | Hopefully once you've seen the message there, you'll be able to debug the problem.
21 | If you get completely stuck, then you can contact PythonAnywhere support on
22 | [support@pythonanywhere.com](mailto:support@pythonanywhere.com) -- we can
23 | help on PythonAnywhere-specific issues, and while we can't in general give
24 | programming coaching or tuition, we may be able to point you in the right
25 | direction to get help.
26 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/InternationalDomainNames.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: International Domain Names
 3 | .. slug: InternationalDomainNames
 4 | .. date: 2017-03-31
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | These days, domain names aren't restricted to being ASCII-only.  For example,
13 | let's imagine that we at PythonAnywhere wanted to open a branch in China, and
14 | call it 蟒蛇云端.  In the past, because domain names had to be in ASCII, we
15 | would have been stuck with something like mangsheyunduan.cn as a domain name,
16 | which would be hard for people to understand and remember.
17 | 
18 | Nowadays, you can use Unicode for domain names -- so we could get 蟒蛇云端.cn
19 | and use it.  But the underlying DNS system still uses ASCII; the trick used
20 | under the hood is the International Domain Name, or IDN, system.  IDNs work by mapping
21 | non-ASCII characters into strings of standard seven-bit ASCII ones.  If you
22 | register 蟒蛇云端.cn, what you're actually registering is the IDN equivalent,
23 | which is xn--9kqp59h3ohr4a.cn.  [Verisign have a converter page](http://mct.verisign-grs.com/)
24 | that allows you to find out the IDN equivalent of an non-ASCII domain, and
25 | vice versa.
26 | 
27 | So let's say you've bought 蟒蛇云端.cn, and want to set up a website at
28 | `http://www.蟒蛇云端.cn/` on PythonAnywhere.  All you need to do is go to the
29 | "Web" tab, create a new website using the IDN version of the domain, "www.xn--9kqp59h3ohr4a.cn",
30 | and then proceed as normal.  Once it's created, you'll get the value you
31 | need to provide for a CNAME with your registrar, and you're all set!  When
32 | people type www.蟒蛇云端.cn into their browser, they'll see your site.
33 | 
34 | 
35 | 


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/articles/Jampy.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How do I use jam.py on PythonAnywhere?
 3 | .. slug: Jampy
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | In the Application Builder, set the Persistent connection attribute in the Project parameters to false.
13 | 
14 | Use pip to install Jam.py. Open up a new Bash console from your [Dashboard](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/consoles) and run (for Python 3.7)
15 | 
16 |     pip3.7 install --user jam.py
17 | 
18 | Create a zip archive of your project folder, upload the archive in the [Files tab](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/files) and unzip it.
19 | 
20 | We assume that you are registered as `username` and your project is now located in the `/home/username/project_folder` directory.
21 | 
22 | Go to the [Web Tab](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/web_app_setup) and hit **Add a new web app**. Choose **Manual Configuration**, and then choose the **Python version** -- make sure it's the same version as the one you used to install Jam.py
23 | 
24 | In the Code section specify Source code and Working directory as `/home/username/project_folder`
25 | 
26 | In the WSGI configuration file (`/var/www/username_pythonanywhere_com_wsgi.py`), add the following code
27 | 
28 |     :::python
29 |     import os
30 |     import sys
31 |     path = '/home/username/project_folder'
32 |     if path not in sys.path:
33 |         sys.path.append(path)
34 |     from jam.wsgi import create_application
35 |     application = create_application(path)
36 | 
37 | Reload the server.
38 | 


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/articles/JasmineTestsForJavaScript.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Jasmine tests for Javascript projects
 4 | .. slug: jasmine-tests-for-js-projects
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | To set up a Jasmine tested JS project, you would do something like the following:
17 | 
18 |     :::bash
19 |     git clone git@github.com:jasmine/jasmine.git temp-jasmine-git-folder
20 |     mkdir -p jasmine-tested-project/jasmine
21 |     unzip jasmine/dist/jasmine-standalone-2.2.0.zip -d jasmine-tested-project/jasmine
22 |     rm -r temp-jasmine-git-folder
23 | 
24 | 
25 | 
26 | and then you would set up a test runner html file such as `jasmine-tested-project/SpecRunner.html` that would take code files such as `jasmine-tested-project/code-to-be-tested.js` as well as test files such as `jasmine-tested-project/code-to-be-testedSpec.js`.
27 | 
28 |     :::html
29 |     <html>
30 |         <head>
31 |             <title>Jasmine Spec Runner v2.0.2</title>
32 |             <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.2.0/jasmine_favicon.png">
33 |             <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.2.0/jasmine.css">
34 | 
35 |             <script type="text/javascript" src="jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine.js"></script>
36 |             <script type="text/javascript" src="jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.0.0/jasmine-html.js"></script>
37 |             <script type="text/javascript" src="jasmine/lib/jasmine-2.0.0/boot.js"></script>
38 | 
39 |             <!-- the js source files being tested -->
40 |             <script type="text/javascript" src="code-to-be-tested.js"></script>
41 |             <!-- the test files -->
42 |             <script type="text/javascript" src="code-to-be-testedSpec.js"></script>
43 |         </head>
44 |         <body>
45 |         </body>
46 |     </html>
47 | 
48 | 
49 | 
50 | If you then host the whole jasmine-tested-project dir via static files, this could create interesting pair programming/teaching scenarios.
51 | 
52 | For example, if you share your console with a class of students, and edit/change your tests and js code there, then your students can navigate to the test runner page and see the test results change from red to green in real time as you save your files. Alternatively, your students could be working on their own versions of the code, and serving the test runner on their respective PythonAnywhere websites. Then you would be able to look at their progress and then help them if they are having any problems.
53 | 


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/articles/KindsOfDatabases.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Kinds of databases
 4 | .. slug: KindsOfDatabases
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | ## Databases available
14 | 
15 | There are three databases built in to PythonAnywhere:
16 | 
17 | * MySQL, which is available for every user
18 | * SQLite, which is also available for everyone, but runs a bit slowly on our system -- we
19 |   recommend you only use it for testing or for scripts that don't do a lot of processing.
20 | * [Postgres](/pages/Postgres) in available in paid plans only, as an add-on.
21 | 
22 | We're considering adding built-in support for MongoDB and Redis in the future --
23 | if you're interested in it (or something else entirely), let us know!
24 | 
25 | ### Connecting to external databases
26 | 
27 | If you have a paid plan, you can connect to databases outside PythonAnywhere.  This
28 | means that you can get, say, a Redis instance from [Redis](https://redis.com/),
29 | a MongoDB instance from [mLab](https://mlab.com/)
30 | (check out [this help page](/pages/MongoDB) for some hints about that), or a
31 | [Microsoft SQL Server](/pages/MSSQLServer) instance from
32 | [Azure](https://azure.microsoft.com/), and connect to it from your code.  If the
33 | provider you choose has the option to place your database in a specific Amazon Web
34 | Services Availability Zone, then putting it in:
35 | 
36 | - `us-east-1`, if your account is on our **US** branch (you log in via [www.pythonanywhere.com](https://www.pythonanywhere.com))
37 | - `eu-central-1`, if your account is on our **EU** branch (you log in via [eu.pythonanywhere.com](https://eu.pythonanywhere.com))
38 | 
39 | will put it very close to our servers and give the best performance.
40 | 


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/articles/Learning.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Courses and other learning materials
 3 | .. slug: Learning
 4 | .. date: 2021-09-10 12:43:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | ## Courses and other learning materials
13 | 
14 | Here is a selection of courses and other learning materials that we either know
15 | are good or that our users have told us are worth doing.
16 | 
17 | 
18 | ### kikodo
19 | 
20 | [kikodo](https://www.kikodo.io/) provide a range of free and paid courses in the basics of Python.
21 | 
22 | 
23 | ### Django for Everybody by Chuck Severance
24 | 
25 | Chuck's courses are great and we highly recommend them!  [Django for everybody](https://www.dj4e.com)
26 | is a great option for learning, well, Django :-) It's also available [on Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/learn/django-build-web-apps).
27 | 
28 | 
29 | ### Django Girls
30 | 
31 | Django Girls is an organisation devoted to running
32 | workshops introducing women to programming, and if you are interested in doing one of them,
33 | check out [their website](https://djangogirls.org/en/).
34 | 
35 | Even if you're not able to go to one of their workshops, their online
36 | [Django tutorial](https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/) is an excellent introduction
37 | to Django for anyone of any gender.
38 | 
39 | 
40 | ### Practical Python Programming
41 | 
42 | David Beazley's [Practical Python Programming](https://dabeaz-course.github.io/practical-python/) --
43 | David is a well-known figure in Python circles, and this is an amazing course
44 | if you already have programming experience in other languages.
45 | 
46 | 
47 | ### Udemy courses
48 | 
49 | We haven't tried these ourselves, but people have written to us recommending them:
50 | 
51 | * [Complete Python Developer](https://www.udemy.com/course/complete-python-developer-zero-to-mastery/) by Andrei Neagoie
52 | * [Complete Python Bootcamp From Zero to Hero in Python](https://www.udemy.com/course/complete-python-bootcamp/) by Jose Portilla
53 | * [Django 3 - Full Stack Websites with Python Web Development](https://www.udemy.com/course/django-3-make-websites-with-python-tutorial-beginner-learn-bootstrap/) by Nick Walter
54 | * [100 Days of Code - The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp](https://www.udemy.com/course/100-days-of-code/) by Dr Angela Wu
55 | * [Python Mega Course: Learn Python in 60 Days, Build 20 Apps](https://www.udemy.com/course/the-python-mega-course/) by Ardit Sulce
56 | * [Python | Sıfırdan İleri Seviye Programlama](https://www.udemy.com/course/sifirdan-ileri-seviyeye-python/) by Mustafa Murat Coşkun (in Turkish)
57 | 
58 | 
59 | ### Code First Girls
60 | 
61 | [Code First Girls ](https://codefirstgirls.org.uk/) provide a range of courses to women and non-binary people in the UK.
62 | 
63 | 
64 | ### Books
65 | 
66 | * [Think Python by Allen B. Downey](https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-python/) is great for people who already know other programming languages.
67 | * [Head First Python by Paul Barry](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/head-first-python/9781491919521/) is a better choice if Python is your first programming language.
68 | 
69 | 
70 | 
71 | 


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/articles/LetsEncrypt.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Let's Encrypt
 3 | .. slug: LetsEncrypt
 4 | .. date: 2016-03-24
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | This page used to show how to manually create a Let's Encrypt certificate for
13 | PythonAnywhere.  However, you can now have a Let's Encrypt certificate managed by our system -- we
14 | handle all the details of getting it, installing it, and managing renewals
15 | for you.
16 | 
17 | [Click this link for the details of the new system](/pages/HTTPSSetup).
18 | 
19 | 


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/articles/LoadDataInfile.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: LoadDataInfile
 3 | .. slug: LoadDataInfile
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | When trying to get data into MySQL using `LOAD DATA INFILE`, you may see an
13 | error a little like this:
14 | 
15 |     Error Code: 1045 Access denied for user 'myusername'@'%' (using password: YES)
16 | 
17 | There are two things you need to do to make this work:
18 | 
19 | ### Use the command-line flag to enable loading client data
20 | 
21 | The newer versions of MySQL client block load data by default. You need to pass
22 | it in as a command line switch. If you open up a Bash console you can connect to
23 | the database manually like so:
24 | 
25 |     :::bash
26 |     mysql -h myusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com -u myusername 'myusername$default' -p --local-infile=1
27 | 
28 | "--local-infile=1" enables the load data command.  You will be prompted for your
29 | password.
30 | 
31 | 
32 | ### Use `LOCAL` in the MySQL command
33 | 
34 | The MySQL command `LOAD DATA INFILE "foo.csv"` tries to load the contents of
35 | the file `foo.csv` on the computer where the database is running.  On
36 | PythonAnywhere, the MySQL server is on a different computer to the one where
37 | your code runs, so your files aren't available.  Instead, you need to tell the
38 | database to load the file from the computer where the MySQL *client* is running,
39 | by adding the extra keyword `LOCAL`:
40 | 
41 |     LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "foo.csv"
42 | 
43 | 


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/articles/LongRunningTasks.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Long running tasks
 3 | .. slug: LongRunningTasks
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | See our page on [Always-on Tasks](/pages/AlwaysOnTasks).


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/articles/MachineLearningInWebsiteCode.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Machine learning in website code
 3 | .. slug: MachineLearningInWebsiteCode
 4 | .. date: 2018-10-04 19:10:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Some machine learning frameworks have problems in PythonAnywhere websites
13 | because our web serving framework doesn't allow them to use threads.
14 | 
15 | ## Tensorflow
16 | 
17 | If you try to use TensorFlow in a website's code on PythonAnywhere, it probably
18 | won't work.  The crash is so serious that you probably won't even
19 | see anything in the error log -- just a message in the server log saying that
20 | your worker processes died.
21 | 
22 | ### The solution
23 | 
24 | Unfortunately we don't have a good solution for this if you're using TensorFlow
25 | *directly* :-(
26 | 
27 | However, if you're using Keras with a TensorFlow backend, you can work around
28 | the issue -- just switch to using the Theano backend instead.   That has been
29 | confirmed to work, but only for Keras up to version 2.3.1. Unfortunately Keras 
30 | is TensorFlow-only [since 2.4](https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/2.4.0).
31 | 
32 | 
33 | ## PyTorch
34 | 
35 | PyTorch also does some slightly strange threading stuff, and will hang when you
36 | call certain functions from websites' code.  However, there's a simple
37 | solution to that:
38 | 
39 | ```python
40 | import torch
41 | torch.set_num_threads(1)
42 | ```
43 | 
44 | *Many thanks to Eden Canlilar for that solution!*
45 | 


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/articles/MatplotLibGraphs.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: MatplotLib graphs
 4 | .. slug: MatplotLibGraphs
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ## Can I use matplotlib to generate graphs from my data?
18 | 
19 | 
20 | Yes you can, and your graphs will be saved as an image file in your directory.
21 | 
22 | The block of code below gives you an example of how you would do this:
23 | 
24 |     :::python
25 |     import matplotlib
26 |     matplotlib.use("Agg")
27 |     import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
28 | 
29 |     fig = plt.figure()
30 |     ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
31 |     ax.plot(range(100))
32 | 
33 |     fig.savefig("graph.png")
34 | 
35 | 
36 | 
37 | `graph.png` will then show up in your home directory. Simply put, wherever you
38 | might normally use `plt.show()` to display your graph on screen you should use
39 | `fig.savefig('your_graph.png')` to save it as an image file instead.
40 | 
41 | 
42 | Once you've done that, you can view the graph from your browser using a URL
43 | like this:
44 | `https://www.pythonanywhere.com/user/your-username/files/home/your-username/graph.png`
45 | 
46 | 
47 | ## What do do if you're seeing errors about Tkinter
48 | 
49 | Make sure to include the `matplotlib.use("Agg")` line from the example above --
50 | that's the bit that sets the "backend" that matplotlib uses to draw graphics.
51 | Tkinter is the default, but it won't work on PythonAnywhere.  Agg works fine...
52 | 
53 | (See [this page on tkinter](/pages/TkinterPygameEtc) for more info).
54 | 
55 | 
56 | ## Jupyter Notebooks
57 | 
58 | With all that said, probably your best bet for working interactively with data
59 | and graphs is to use a Jupyter Notebook.  That's a premium feature on
60 | PythonAnywhere however...
61 | 
62 | 


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/articles/MovingDomainToAnotherPythonAnywhereAccount.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to move a domain from one PythonAnywhere user account to another
 4 | .. slug: MovingDomainToAnotherPythonAnywhereAccount
 5 | .. date: 2018-01-01 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | Here is a sample checklist to move an existing website (eg:
14 | `www.mywebsite.com`) from one PythonAnywhere account to another PythonAnywhere
15 | account with minimal downtime:
16 | 
17 | 1. setup your new account, and transfer all the settings and files over to the
18 |    new account. This may include:
19 |     - a git clone to get your source code over to the new account
20 |     - a database backup from the old account and restore to the new account database. See our help pages for doing [MySQL](/pages/MySQLBackupRestore) and [Postgres](/pages/RegularPostgresBackups) backup and restores.
21 |     - [transfer over](/pages/UploadingAndDownloadingFiles) any other files on disk that your website is using that isn't in version control
22 |     - install any libraries you had installed on your old account. Make sure
23 |       the new libraries are the same versions as before. You may want to use a
24 |       [requirements.txt](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#id1) file.
25 |     - upgrade your new account to have the same settings as your old account
26 |       (you need to do this now if your website has any dependencies on paid
27 |       features; otherwise you should upgrade before step 3 to minimize website
28 |       downtime)
29 | 2. create a new website on your new account (eg:
30 |    `newaccount.pythonanywhere.com`) by going through manual configuration, and
31 |    make sure that everything is connected and working. Some things to check
32 |    include:
33 |     - compare and reference any changes you had made to the
34 |       `/var/log/www_mywebsite_com_wsgi.py` file in your old account, and
35 |       make similar changes to the wsgi file on the new account
36 |     - similarly, on the PythonAnywhere web tab, double check that website
37 |       configurations such as the working directory, python version, virtualenv
38 |       paths etc are setup correctly by comparing them with your old website
39 |       configurations
40 |     - on the new website, are [static file](/pages/StaticFiles) being served?
41 |       Is the correct database connected? Are there any erroring urls/endpoints?
42 | 3. delete your website (`www.mywebsite.com`) from the old account
43 | 4. in your new account, [rename](/pages/UsingANewDomainForExistingWebApp)
44 |    your `newaccount.pythonanywhere.com` website to `www.mywebsite.com`
45 | 5. take the new cname (`webapp-XXXXXX.pythonanywhere.com`) generated after the
46 |    rename, and change the CNAME record at your domain registrar. See the bottom
47 |    half of [this](/pages/CustomDomains) help page for more details.
48 | 


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/articles/MultipleDomainsWeb2py.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Multiple domains with Web2py
 4 | .. slug: MultipleDomainsWeb2py
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | There is some potential for confusion because there are slightly different definitions of "app" here. 
17 | 
18 |   * For PythonAnywhere, an "app" means a Python WSGI application that works for one domain 
19 |   * For Web2py, an "app" is an semi-independent module that lives inside a single [Web2Py](//www.web2py.com/) WSGI host. 
20 | 
21 | So, in the web2py world, one web2py folder can contain multiple applications, and each of them might be a totally different website for a different domain. 
22 | 
23 | In PythonAnywhere, we usually expect your different domains to be different apps that live in different folders. 
24 | 
25 | But it is possible to set up multiple domains on PythonAnywhere, which all talk to a single web2py installation, which then has multiple web2py applications for each domain. Then you can set up all the web2py apps you want via the web2py interface. 
26 | 
27 | Start by setting up one domain with the web2py wizard on the PythonAnywhere web tab. 
28 | 
29 | Then, for each additional domain name, you need to set up another PythonAnywhere web app from the web tab. This time though, you should choose "manual configuration". Then, go and edit your WSGI file. You should make it into a copy of the WSGI file for the first web2py application, so that both domains point at the same web2py installation. Then the web2py routes.py should work. 
30 | 


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/articles/MySQLBackupRestore.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Backing up (and restoring) MySQL databases
 4 | .. slug: MySQLBackupRestore
 5 | .. date: 2016-02-26 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | To back up your MySQL database, you can use the `mysqldump` command-line tool.
14 | 
15 | ## Backing up a database using mysqldump
16 | 
17 | We'll need to arm ourselves with two pieces of information, both of which you can find on the **Databases tab** from your PythonAnywhere dashboard.
18 | 
19 | - the **hostname** of your mysql server.  You can find this on the "Databases" tab, it's usually something like `yourusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com`
20 | 
21 | - the **full name of the database** you want to back up.  These usually follow the naming convention `yourusername$dbname`  -- so the full name includes your username, and the character "$"
22 | 
23 | Armed with these two, you should open up a **Bash console**, and then run the following command:
24 | 
25 | ```bash
26 | cd
27 | mysqldump -u yourusername -h yourusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com --set-gtid-purged=OFF --no-tablespaces 'yourusername$dbname'  > db-backup.sql
28 | ```
29 | 
30 | If you're doing the backup using MySQL Distrib 8.0, you may add `--column-statistics=0` option as well:
31 | 
32 | ```bash
33 | cd
34 | mysqldump -u yourusername -h yourusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com --set-gtid-purged=OFF --no-tablespaces --column-statistics=0 'yourusername$dbname'  > db-backup.sql
35 | ```
36 | 
37 | > The 'single-quotes' around the database name are required, because of the '$' character in the full database name.
38 | 
39 | > You'll notice that we're not entering a password for the database.  That's because your password is automatically saved by the pythonanywhere system to a file at `~/.my.cnf`.
40 | 
41 | 
42 | The ***db-backup.sql*** file will then be available in your home folder (via the
43 | *Files* tab), where you can download it to a safe place.
44 | 
45 | 
46 | ## Restoring from a backup file
47 | 
48 | If you later need to restore, run the following command:
49 | 
50 | ```bash
51 | mysql -u yourusername -h yourusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com 'yourusername$dbname'  < db-backup.sql
52 | ```
53 | 
54 | Be aware that this will completely delete any existing data in the database though!
55 | 
56 | 
57 | ## Scheduling the backup as a task
58 | 
59 | To automate the backup process, you  can run it daily or hourly via the **Schedule** tab.
60 | 
61 | Simply copy and paste the `mysqldump` command-line from above, and paste it into a new scheduled task entry.
62 | 
63 | You could also add a task that then uploads the dump file to an off-site server
64 | using `rsync` or `scp`, but that's up to you!
65 | 
66 | 
67 | 


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/articles/MySQLDatabaseSize.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: MySQL database size
 4 | .. slug: MySQLDatabaseSize
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ## How do I find out how large my MySQL database is?
15 | 
16 | To find out how much space the current database is using, start a MySQL
17 | console on the database in question, then run this:
18 | 
19 |     :::sql
20 |     SELECT table_schema "Database Name"
21 |          , SUM(data_length + index_length) / (1024 * 1024) "Database Size in MB"
22 |     FROM information_schema.TABLES
23 |     GROUP BY table_schema;
24 | 
25 | 
26 | ## How to delete a database I don't need any more?
27 | 
28 | Start a MySQL console and run the following command:
29 | 
30 |     :::sql
31 |     drop database `<your_username>$<your_database_name>`;
32 | 
33 | replacing placeholders in brackets respectively with your `username` and the
34 | `database name` that should be deleted.  See ["Using MySQL"](/pages/UsingMySQL/#deleting-existing-database) 
35 | help page or more details.
36 | 


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/articles/NoSuchFileOrDirectory.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: No such file or Directory?
 4 | .. slug: NoSuchFileOrDirectory
 5 | .. date: 2016-12-17 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | # No such file or directory error?
15 | 
16 | Are you staring at an error that says:
17 | 
18 | ```text
19 | python: can't open file 'myfile.txt': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
20 | ```
21 | 
22 | Or maybe:
23 | 
24 | ```text
25 | IOError : No such file or directory
26 | ```
27 | 
28 | Or:
29 | 
30 | ```text
31 | FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'myfile.txt'
32 | ```
33 | 
34 | Are you saying something like: "Curses!  It works on my machine?"?
35 | 
36 | 
37 | ## Use absolute, not relative paths
38 | 
39 | One common reason for these kinds of errors is that your working directory settings might be different on PythonAnywhere from your own machine.
40 | 
41 | The fix is to use the full, absolute path, instead of a "relative" path.  So, eg:
42 | 
43 |     /home/yourusername/project-folder/myfile.txt
44 | 
45 | And not just *myfile.txt*.
46 | 
47 | 
48 | ## Tip: `__file__` for cross-platform scripts
49 | 
50 | "That's annoying!", I hear you exclaim, "my pythonanywhere username isn't the same as my local username.  and I'm on Windows maybe, so paths arent' the same!  Relative paths are so convenient! I don't want to run different code on my machine and on PA". A very reasonable grumble. But fear not:
51 | 
52 | 
53 | ```python
54 | from pathlib import Path
55 | THIS_FOLDER = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
56 | my_file = THIS_FOLDER / "myfile.txt"
57 | ```
58 | 
59 | code like this, based on deriving the current path from Python's magic
60 | `__file__` variable, will work both locally and on the server, both on
61 | Windows and on Linux...
62 | 
63 | 
64 | ## Another possibility: case-sensitivity
65 | 
66 | One other thing that might be going on is that you're using the `wRoNG cAsINg`.
67 | Casing doesn't matter on Windows but it does on Linux (and therefore, it
68 | matters on PythonAnywhere).  So, be consistent with Uppercase and lowercase!
69 | 
70 | 


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/articles/Node.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using NVM to get the most up-to-date version of node
 3 | .. slug: Node
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | NVM allows you to install and run different versions of node (and to manage and
13 | install their "global packages" separately).
14 | 
15 | First download the git repo
16 | 
17 |     git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git
18 | 
19 | (We recommend a shallow clone to avoid cloning the whole `nvm` git history. With the `--depth 1`option we instruct `git`
20 | to copy only the latest revision of the repo, which will take considerably less disk space.)
21 | 
22 | Now hook up your shell to use nvm
23 | 
24 |     source ~/nvm/nvm.sh
25 | 
26 | To automatically run this every time you start a bash shell, add it to your *bashrc*
27 | by running this Bash command (once only):
28 | 
29 |     echo 'source ~/nvm/nvm.sh' >> ~/.bashrc
30 | 
31 | You can now do a `nvm ls-remote` to see what versions of node are available, and then install them. Here's how you'd
32 | install v18.12.1 for example:
33 | 
34 |     nvm ls-remote
35 |     #...
36 |     nvm install v18.12.1
37 | 
38 | You can run `nvm use v18.12.1` to use the new node. To set that as default, set up an nvm alias:
39 | 
40 |     nvm alias default v18.12.1
41 | 
42 | This will also solve any permission problems involved with installing with `npm
43 | install --global` -- it will work without needing to specify a prefix.
44 | 


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/articles/NotebookAuthenticationError.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Notebook authentication error
 3 | .. slug: NotebookAuthenticationError
 4 | .. date: 2021-11-23 16:54:00 UTC+00:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | If these persist after you have logged out and logged in again, they may be the
13 | result of something in your browser interfering with the authentication.
14 | 
15 | The usual suspects in this case are extensions that block cross-site cookies.
16 | Try disabling extensions and trying again to see whether that is the case. Then
17 | you can check each extension seperately to see which is causing the issue.
18 | 
19 | ## Safari
20 | We have had one user let us know that disabling "Hide IP address from trackers"
21 | and "Prevent cross-site Tracking" in the privacy preferences allowed them to
22 | authenticate to the notebook.
23 | 


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/articles/OwnDomains.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title:
 3 | .. slug: OwnDomains
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | See [Setting up a custom domain on PythonAnywhere](/pages/CustomDomains)
13 | 


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/articles/PDF.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: PDF and other document-wrangling tools on PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. date: 2016-05-13 11:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. slug: PDF
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | So you need to read or write PDFs?  Or maybe convert some HTML to PDF, or the
14 | other way round?  Or read Word documents and extract text from them?  Hopefully
15 | PythonAnywhere already has a tool preinstalled which can help.
16 | 
17 | This isn't a comprehensive guide, but here a few pointers:
18 | 
19 | 
20 | ## Python packages in our Batteries included:
21 | 
22 | Try doing a search for "pdf" on the [PythonAnywhere "Batteries Included" list of Python modules](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/batteries_included/)
23 | 
24 | A couple of tips:
25 | 
26 | * "pdftk" will only work in consoles, websites, always-on and scheduled tasks
27 |   -- **not** from Jupyter notebooks or over SSH.
28 | 
29 | * We also have "weasyprint" installed, which is meant to have PDF capabilities
30 | 
31 | 
32 | ## Preinstalled binaries
33 | 
34 | Open a **Bash console** and run:
35 | 
36 | ```
37 | ls /usr/bin/*pdf*
38 | ```
39 | 
40 | You should see a whole bunch of potentially useful binaries which  you can call out to.
41 | 
42 | ![](/pdf_tools_in_bash.png)
43 | 
44 | We also have **Abiword** installed, and it has some command-line options for converting word documents and others.  Check out this [article about using abiword at the command-line](http://www.aboutlinux.info/2005/08/use-abiword-to-convert-filetypes-on.html) for example.
45 | 
46 | If you find something useful, let us know!  [support@pythonanywhere.com](support@pythonanywhere.com)
47 | 
48 | 


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/articles/Playwright.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using Playwright on PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: Playwright
 4 | .. date: 2024-05-22 18:30:00 UTC
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | > **PLEASE NOTE:** Playwright will only work in scheduled/always-on tasks, web apps and
13 | > consoles. It will also work in notebooks, except on the legacy "glastonbury"
14 | > [system image](/pages/ChangingSystemImage). It currently will **not work** over SSH.
15 | 
16 | If you have a paid account on PythonAnywhere, you can use Playwright to access
17 | other sites using a headless browser -- for example, for scraping.  Installing
18 | it is a little different to how you might do so locally.
19 | 
20 | You'll need to install it into a [virtualenv](/pages/VirtualenvsExplained), because it's not compatible with
21 | some of our pre-installed packages.  So, for example:
22 | 
23 | ```bash
24 | mkvirtualenv my-playwright-env --python=python3.10
25 | pip install playwright
26 | ```
27 | 
28 | It will take up about 130MiB disk when installed (perhaps using a bit more than
29 | that during the install due to its temporary files).
30 | 
31 | The next step would normally to install the browsers using `playwright install`.
32 | However, that won't work on PythonAnywhere -- but we do already have Chromium
33 | installed, so you can use that by adding some extra config to your code.  Here's
34 | a minimal example:
35 | 
36 | ```python
37 | from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
38 | 
39 | with sync_playwright() as p:
40 |     browser = p.chromium.launch(
41 |         executable_path="/usr/bin/chromium",
42 |         args=["--disable-gpu", "--no-sandbox", "--headless"]
43 |     )
44 |     page = browser.new_page()
45 |     page.goto("http://playwright.dev")
46 |     print(page.title())
47 |     browser.close()
48 | ```
49 | 
50 | Many thanks to **hcaptcha** [in our forums](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/forums/topic/30302/)
51 | for working out what the the trick was to make it work!
52 | 


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/articles/Postgres.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Can I use Postgres on PythonAnywhere?
 3 | .. slug: Postgres
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | Yes! But you need a paying account.
14 | 
15 | ## If you want to use a Postgres server run by us:
16 | 
17 |   * If you have a free account, go to the Account page, and click on one of the
18 |     buttons for upgrading to a paid account. In the dialog that appears, switch
19 |     the Postgres option on, choose how much disk space you want for your
20 |     Postgres databases, choose any other paid features you
21 |     want, and then click "Upgrade to this custom plan". This will take you
22 |     through a payment confirmation process.
23 |   * If you already have paying account, go to the Account page, and click on
24 |     the "Customize your plan" button. The popup window will be pre-configured
25 |     with all of your current custom plan settings, so you just need to switch
26 |     the Postgres option on, choose how much disk space you want for your PG
27 |     databases, and then click "Switch to this custom plan". This will take you
28 |     through the normal payment confirmation process.  (You won't be charged the
29 |     new price until your next billing date.)
30 | 
31 | Once that's done, go to the "Databases" tab, then click the "Postgres" button.
32 | You'll have a new option to create a Postgres server and specify the
33 | adminstrator password.
34 | 
35 | ### Connecting to your Postgres server from outside PythonAnywhere
36 | 
37 | If you're using a Postgres server that's run by us, and you want to connect
38 | to it from outside PythonAnywhere (for example, from your own machine),
39 | you can follow [these instructions](/pages/AccessingPostgresFromOutsidePythonAnywhere).
40 | 
41 | 
42 | ## If you want to use a Postgres server run by some other service
43 | 
44 | Just upgrade to any paid PythonAnywhere plan -- the cheapest one will work
45 | just fine.  You don't need to check the "Postgres" option -- that is for
46 | creating a PythonAnywhere-hosted Postgres server, which of course you don't
47 | need.
48 | 
49 | Paid PythonAnywhere accounts have unrestricted Internet access
50 | so once the upgrade has gone through, you will be able to connect to your
51 | remote Postgres instance.
52 | 
53 | 


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/articles/PostgresConnections.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Increasing the number of connections for your PostgreSQL server
 3 | .. slug: PostgresConnections
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | If you get an error from your PythonAnywhere PostgreSQL server saying
13 | 
14 |     OperationalError: FATAL: sorry, too many clients already
15 | 
16 | ...you should first check your code to make sure that you're not leaving
17 | connections open.
18 | 
19 | If you're sure you're not, you can increase the number of connections that the
20 | server will allow at any one time.   Firstly, run the following command in a
21 | Postgres console:
22 | 
23 |     alter system set max_connections = 30;
24 | 
25 | (or whatever number of connections you'd like).
26 | 
27 | Next, you need to restart your Postgres server.   Right now, you need to
28 | contact us -- just drop us a line at
29 | [support@pythonanywhere.com](mailto:support@pythonanywhere.com).   Don't
30 | forget to let us know what your username is!
31 | 


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/articles/PostgresGettingStarted.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Getting Started with Postgres
 4 | .. slug: PostgresGettingStarted
 5 | .. date: 2017-09-07 10:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ## Activate your server
15 | 
16 | If you haven't activated your postgres server yet, see [this page](/pages/Postgres/)
17 | 
18 | ## Create your superuser password
19 | 
20 | On the **Databases tab**, find the "Postgres Superuser password" form and
21 | enter a password.  Note the instructions re: it being stored in plaintext and
22 | needing to be different from your regular acount password
23 | 
24 | ## Create a database and user for your app
25 | 
26 | It's a bad idea to use the superuser account in your actual web app -- for
27 | security you want difffernt postgres user accounts for each of your applicatons.
28 | 
29 | Setting up a new database and user is quite straightforward though.  Open a
30 | **Postgres console** from the databases tab, and then enter some commands like this,
31 | adjusting your username, database name, and password as appropriate:
32 | 
33 | 
34 | ```sql
35 | CREATE DATABASE myappdb;
36 | 
37 | CREATE USER myappuser WITH PASSWORD 'a-nice-random-password';
38 | 
39 | ALTER ROLE myappuser SET client_encoding TO 'utf8';
40 | ALTER ROLE myappuser SET default_transaction_isolation TO 'read committed';
41 | ALTER ROLE myappuser SET timezone TO 'UTC';
42 | 
43 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE myappdb TO myappuser ;
44 | ```
45 | 
46 | ## Make a note of your postgres configuration:
47 | 
48 | From the **Databases tab**:
49 | 
50 | * Hostname (eg *myusername-667.postgres.pythonanywhere-services.com*)
51 | * Port (eg *10667*)
52 | 
53 | From the **Console session just now**
54 | 
55 | * User (eg *myappuser*)
56 | * Password (eg *a-nice-random-password*)
57 | 
58 | 
59 | ## Example Configuration for Django:
60 | 
61 | ```python
62 | DATABASES = {
63 |     'default': {
64 |         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
65 |         'NAME': 'myappdb',
66 |         'USER': 'myappuser',
67 |         'PASSWORD': 'a-nice-random-password',
68 |         'HOST': 'myusername-667.postgres.pythonanywhere-services.com',
69 |         'PORT': 10667,
70 |     }
71 | }
72 | ```
73 | 
74 | 
75 | ## Set up regular backups
76 | 
77 | Do it now!  Read [this article](/pages/RegularPostgresBackups/) for tips.
78 | 
79 | 


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/articles/PostgresSharedMemory.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Postgres Shared Memory Error
 4 | .. slug: PostgresSharedMemory
 5 | .. date: 2024-12-09 11:46:28 UTC
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | # Postgres Shared Memory Error
14 | 
15 | If you are getting an error similar to the following when you are running a
16 | query against your Postgres database:
17 | 
18 | ```
19 | psycopg2.errors.DiskFull: could not resize shared memory segment "/PostgreSQL.230765310" to 8388608 bytes: No space left on device
20 | ```
21 | 
22 | The error is not related to the amount of disk space you have available for
23 | your Postgres instance. This error is related to shared memory available to
24 | your Postgres database. Some postgres queries create temporary tables or files
25 | and those tables or files are stored in shared memory. If the queries you are
26 | running create temporary tables or files that are too big to be help in shared
27 | memory, then you get that error.
28 | 
29 | Postgres creates hash tables when joining tables and there are no indexes on
30 | the join colums. These hash tables are stored in shared memory and, if you are
31 | joining a large number of records, then the hash tables may be too large for
32 | the shared memory. You can use `EXPLAIN` on a query to see if there are
33 | references to hash iun the output and, if there are, it may help to add indexes
34 | to the columns that are joined on the table.
35 | 
36 | You can also reduce the shared memoey use of a joining query by limiting the
37 | numbher of records that you are likely to join with additional filters in the
38 | `WHERE` clause of your query.
39 | 
40 | 
41 | 
42 | 


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/articles/ProblematicExtensions.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Browser extensions that cause problems with PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: ProblematicExtensions
 4 | .. date: 2018-03-13 17:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Some browser extensions (aka add-ons) can cause problems on PythonAnywhere,
13 | especially with the in-browser console.  This page is a list of the ones we've
14 | heard about; if you're using an extension on this list, you'll need to disable
15 | it in order for the consoles to work.
16 | 
17 | ## Safari extensions
18 | 
19 | * Letyshops
20 | 
21 | 
22 | 


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/articles/PythonAnywhere.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. slug: PythonAnywhere
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | PythonAnywhere is a Python development and hosting environment that displays in your web browser and runs on our servers. They're already set up with everything you need. It's easy to use, fast, and powerful. There's even a useful free plan. 
17 | 


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/articles/PythonVersions.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Supported Python versions on PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: PythonVersions
 4 | .. date: 2024-08-12 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Which versions of Python you have available to you depends on the
13 | system image that your account uses.  You can see which one that is on
14 | the "System Image" tab of the "Account" page.
15 | 
16 | The system image is essentially the
17 | version of the operating system that your code runs under, and is set when
18 | you initially create your account, but you can
19 | [change it to a more recent one](/pages/ChangingSystemImage) later on.
20 | 
21 | Here are the current system images, and the Python versions that each one
22 | supports:
23 | 
24 | |             | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7          | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.10 | 3.11 | 3.12 | 3.13 |
25 | |-------------|-----|-----|-----|--------------|-----|-----|------|------|------|------|
26 | | glastonbury | X\* | X\* | X   | X            | X   | X   |      |      |      |      |
27 | | haggis      | X\* |     | X\* | X            | X   | X   | X    |      |      |      |
28 | | innit       |     |     |     | X\* &dagger; | X\* | X   | X    | X    | X    | X    |
29 | 
30 | \* there are no pre-installed packages for these Python versions, but you can
31 | use them for your code; we recommend installing the packages you need using a
32 | [virtualenv](/pages/VirtualenvsExplained).
33 | 
34 | &dagger; there's an extra restriction for [virtualenvs on Python 3.7 on the "innit" system image](/pages/Python37VirtualenvOnInnit)


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/articles/RAMLimit.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: RAM limits
 4 | .. slug: RAMLimit
 5 | .. date: 2017-04-18 18:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | Because system RAM is one of the most scarce resources on the PythonAnywhere servers,
14 | we limit your processes to a maximum in-memory size of 3GB.  This is a *per-process*
15 | limit, not a system-wide one, so if you have larger memory needs, you may be able
16 | to do the processing you need by running multiple smaller processes.
17 | 
18 | If you find you definitely need more RAM than this, one option is a private
19 | server inside the PythonAnywhere cluster.  However, this is expensive -- the
20 | cheapest option right now is $150 per month.
21 | 
22 | If a process goes over the memory limit, it will be killed.  You will normally
23 | get an email about this, unless you have previously unsubscribed from our
24 | tarpit emails, or from all communications from us.
25 | 


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/articles/RedirectWebApp.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How do I create a web app that redirects from one domain to another?
 3 | .. slug: RedirectWebApp
 4 | .. date: 2018-02-13 12:00:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Sometimes you need to write a website that simply redirects from one domain to
13 | another.  For example, you might have created a website at `yourusername.pythonanywhere.com`,
14 | and it's become popular enough that you decided to upgrade to a paid plan and
15 | host it on `www.yourdomain.com` -- but there are lots of links out there
16 | that go to the old domain, and you want them to continue working.
17 | 
18 | The best solution is to have a simple website running at `yourusername.pythonanywhere.com`
19 | which, when it receives a request, redirects the user to the new domain -- so
20 | requests to `http://yourusername.pythonanywhere.com/something` are redirected
21 | automatically to `http://www.yourdomain.com/something`, and so on.
22 | 
23 | To do this, you need to have a website on the "Web" tab for both domains; the
24 | one on `www.yourdomain.com` is your main site, and the one on `yourusername.pythonanywhere.com`
25 | is a simple Flask app using Python 3.10, with the following code in the
26 | `flask_app.py` file:
27 | 
28 | ```python
29 | from flask import Flask, redirect, request
30 | 
31 | app = Flask(__name__)
32 | 
33 | from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
34 | 
35 | FROM_DOMAIN = "yourusername.pythonanywhere.com"
36 | TO_DOMAIN = "www.yourdomain.com"
37 | 
38 | @app.before_request
39 | def redirect_to_new_domain():
40 |     urlparts = urlparse(request.url)
41 |     if urlparts.netloc == FROM_DOMAIN:
42 |         urlparts_list = list(urlparts)
43 |         urlparts_list[1] = TO_DOMAIN
44 |         return redirect(urlunparse(urlparts_list), code=301)
45 | ```


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/articles/RegularPostgresBackups.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to implement regular Postgres backups on PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. slug: RegularPostgresBackups
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | Your Postgres data on PythonAnywhere is fully protected against hardware
14 | failure. However, we do not automatically support rolling back to a point in
15 | time. If you want protection from accidental changes, you can set up a scheduled
16 | task to regularly back your data up to a file, which you can re-load into
17 | Postgres at a later date.
18 | 
19 | Here's an example of a command that can dump a particular database called
20 | "mydb":
21 | 
22 |     :::bash
23 |     pg_dump --host=HOSTNAME --port=PORT --username=super --format=c --file=pgbackup`date +%F-%H%M`.dump mydb
24 | 
25 | This command will perform so called _"logical backup"_, not a _"physical
26 | backup"_ or a _"file-system-level backup"_ as PostgreSQL documentation calls it,
27 | which is not supported on PythonAnywhere.
28 | 
29 | You can find your `HOSTNAME` and `PORT` values on the **Databases tab**. The
30 | `HOSTNAME` will look something like `myusername-667.postgres.pythonanywhere-services.com`.  
31 | See [this page](https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/PostgresGettingStarted/)
32 | if you need more information on Postgres setup and configuration.
33 | 
34 | You'll want to experiment with `pg_dump` and `pg_restore` until you have a
35 | backup command which you have confidence in -- remember, an untested backup
36 | procedure isn't a backup procedure at all!
37 | 


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/articles/ReloadWebApp.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Reload web app
 4 | .. slug: ReloadWebApp
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ## Reloading web apps
18 | 
19 | 
20 | Unfortunately you do have to reload your web app when you change code (templates are usually automatically reloaded). Just go to the "Web" tab, make sure that the tab at the left for your web app is selected, then hit the button at the top. 
21 | 
22 | When you hit reload, we finish serving the requests that your workers are currently processing, and then we stop the workers, drop any requests that are in the queue, and spin up workers with the new code. While this is happening, any new requests will get a 302 redirect back to itself that keeps looping until your workers are done spinning up.
23 | 
24 | You can also setup your web app to reload based on git actions:
25 | 
26 | 1. If you are developing on PythonAnywhere, you can setup a git hook (eg: post-commit, post-push etc) to automatically reload your web app by touching `/var/www/www_mydomain_com_wsgi.py`.
27 | 
28 | 2. Alternatively, if you are developing on your local machine and would like the changes to be automatically made on PythonAnywhere, we have written a blogpost [here](https://blog.pythonanywhere.com/87/) about how to set that up.
29 | 
30 | ## Dealing with errors when reloading
31 | 
32 | Did the reload button just show you an error?  [click here for tips on dealing with reload errors](/pages/ErrorReloadingWebApp)
33 | 


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/articles/RequestingAllowlistAdditions.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Requesting Allowlist additions
 4 | .. slug: RequestingAllowlistAdditions
 5 | .. date: 2017-10-02 10:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ## Why do we have an allowlist?
15 | 
16 | Our allowlist is in place to prevent malicious actors from using *free* accounts
17 | to hack into and generally spam other websites anonymously.
18 | 
19 | It does not apply to paid accounts, as we can link them to real people via the
20 | payment details -- so they have unrestricted Internet access.
21 | 
22 | You will find the list of sites currently allowed for free accounts [here](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/whitelist/).
23 | 
24 | 
25 | ## Requesting an addition to the allowlist
26 | 
27 | We only add sites to the list if they have an official, public, documented API -- ie, sites
28 | that are designed and intended for machine consumption rather than human consumption.
29 | 
30 | If you would like us to allowlist a site, you can submit a request 
31 | [on this page](https://support.anaconda.com/hc/en-us/requests/new?ticket_form_id=12899057104787);
32 | select the "Anaconda Notebooks/PythonAnywhere Allow List Request" option.  You
33 | will need to provide:
34 | 
35 | * Your email address, so that we can let you know when it's done, or if we have questions.
36 | * A link to the API documentation. Particularly to documentation that states
37 |   the domain where the API is published.
38 | * The domain or domains (including subdomains) that the API is served from.
39 | 
40 | 
41 | ## GitLab instances
42 | 
43 | GitLab instances are a special case; we are currently allowing the allowlisting
44 | of any GitLab instance if it has public repositories available on it --
45 | even if it doesn't allow people in general to sign up for accounts.
46 | 
47 | If you would like a GitLab instance to be allowlisted, send us a link to a
48 | public repository hosted there.
49 | 
50 | 


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/articles/RequestingWhitelistAdditions.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Requesting Whitelist additions
 3 | .. slug: RequestingWhitelistAdditions
 4 | .. date: 2017-10-02 10:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | See [Requesting Allowlist additions](/pages/RequestingAllowlistAdditions)


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/articles/SMTPForFreeUsers.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: SMTP for free users
 3 | .. slug: SMTPForFreeUsers
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | Free users are restricted to HTTP/HTTPS only, to a
13 | [allowlist of sites](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/whitelist/). Because
14 | most email services work over SMTP, which is not HTTP or HTTPS, that means you
15 | cannot normally use SMTP on Free accounts.  Here are some solutions to work around
16 | that.
17 | 
18 | 
19 | ## Use an HTTP/HTTPS-based email service
20 | 
21 | Services like [Mailgun](http://mailgun.com/) or
22 | [sendgrid](https://sendgrid.com/) allow you to send email using HTTP(S)
23 | requests, and their API endpoint are on our allowlist.  This is the most
24 | reliable option, and works well so long as your code isn't limited to using
25 | SMTP.
26 | 
27 | Here's how you do it:
28 | 
29 |   * [on Mailgun](https://documentation.mailgun.com/en/latest/quickstart-sending.html#how-to-start-sending-email)
30 |   * [on Sendgrid](https://docs.sendgrid.com/api-reference/mail-send/mail-send)
31 | 
32 | 
33 | ## Use Gmail's SMTP servers
34 | 
35 | We have added a special exception to our firewall rules for Gmail's SMTP
36 | servers. If you use them, it should work.
37 | 
38 | However, we have to hard-code the IP addresses of Google's servers into our
39 | firewall, and these sometimes change, which means that, on occasion, Google may
40 | switch to a new Gmail server which we don't know about, and that would
41 | temporarily block email until we are able to update the firewall.
42 | 
43 | One other thing that's quite important: we highly recommend you use an
44 | [app-specific password](/pages/GmailAppSpecificPasswords)
45 | instead of your normal Google login password for this.  This has two advantages:
46 | 
47 |  * Google's security systems sometimes block your first attempt to use their SMTP servers from a new IP address, which can be a pain if you're running code on different servers (which happens a lot on PythonAnywhere as we change our systems).  They don't seem to do this for app-specific passwords.
48 |  * It's much better not having a copy of your main Google password on a third-party service like PythonAnywhere, because you can always revoke the password from the Google site if necessary, without having to log in here.
49 | 
50 | For Django, you can use the settings:
51 | 
52 |     :::python
53 |     EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.gmail.com"
54 |     EMAIL_HOST_USER = "yourusername@gmail.com"
55 |     EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'yourpassword'
56 |     EMAIL_PORT = 587
57 |     EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
58 | 
59 | The settings for other frameworks are similar.
60 | 


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/articles/SSHTunnelling.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: SSH tunnelling
 3 | .. slug: SSHTunnelling
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | [This page has been moved](/pages/AccessingMySQLFromOutsidePythonAnywhere).


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/articles/SSLOwnDomains.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using SSL on your own domain
 3 | .. slug: SSLOwnDomains
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | See [How to set up an HTTPS/SSL certificate for a custom domain](/pages/HTTPSSetup).
13 | 


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/articles/SaveAndRunPythonVersion.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How can I use a different version of Python for the Save & Run button?
 3 | .. slug: SaveAndRunPythonVersion
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | 
14 | The Save &amp; Run button defaults to the version of Python that is the most recent one
15 | for [your system image](https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/ChangingSystemImage) unless you've changed it. If you want
16 | to use a different version, you can do so by inserting a special line at the top of your file, called a
17 | [hashbang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_%28Unix%29).
18 | 
19 | For example, you could use 3.10 like this:
20 | 
21 |     :::python
22 |     #!/usr/bin/python3.10
23 |     print("hello from python 3.10")
24 | 
25 | You can also use a hashbang to run your script in a virtualenv that you've
26 | defined by pointing it at the python executable in the virtualenv.
27 | 
28 |     :::python
29 |     #!/home/myusername/.virtualenvs/myvenv/bin/python
30 |     print("hello from python in a virtualenv")
31 | 
32 | **NB** the hashbang has to be the very first line in the file.
33 | 


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/articles/ScheduledTaskParameters.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Scheduled task parameters
 4 | .. slug: ScheduledTaskParameters
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | See [setting up scheduled tasks](/pages/ScheduledTasks#passing-in-command-line-arguments)


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/articles/Selenium.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using Selenium on PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: selenium
 4 | .. date: 2017-01-28 13:35:28 UTC
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | > **PLEASE NOTE:** Selenium will only work in scheduled/always-on tasks, web apps and
13 | > consoles. It will also work in notebooks, except on the legacy "glastonbury"
14 | > [system image](/pages/ChangingSystemImage). It currently will **not work** over SSH.
15 | 
16 | The latest versions of selenium confirmed to be working are:
17 | 
18 | | System Image | Version | Confirmed  |
19 | |--------------|---------|------------|
20 | | glastonbury  | 4.4.3   | 2022-09-06 |
21 | | haggis       | 4.7.2   | 2022-12-23 |
22 | | innit        | 4.26.1  | 2025-03-19 |
23 | 
24 | We recommend upgrading selenium for your account/virtualenv to this version.
25 | For example, if you're using Python 3.10 on "innit", run this in a Bash console:
26 | 
27 | ```bash
28 | pip3.10 install --user selenium==4.26.1
29 | ```
30 | 
31 | You can run Selenium with Chrome using code like this:
32 | 
33 | ```python
34 | from selenium import webdriver
35 | chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
36 | chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
37 | chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
38 | chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
39 | browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
40 | try:
41 |     browser.get("https://www.google.com")
42 |     print("Page title was '{}'".format(browser.title))
43 | finally:
44 |     browser.quit()
45 | ```
46 | 
47 | 
48 | ## Cleaning up manually
49 | 
50 | If you fail to clean up properly in your code, you may find that you cannot
51 | start new Chrome processes (you will get error messages saying Chrome crashed).
52 | In that case, you can use the "process listing" buttons on the Consoles page
53 | and the Tasks page to manually find and kill any leftover Chrome processes.
54 | 
55 | 
56 | ## Paid account may be required
57 | 
58 | Free users are currently restricted to a
59 | [allowlist](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/whitelist/)
60 | of sites.  If you want to use Selenium to talk to a site
61 | that's not on the list, you'll need to upgrade to a paid
62 | account.
63 | 
64 | 
65 | ## Don't use selenium from your web app
66 | 
67 | Selenium and the browser take a long time to start up, and the request/response
68 | cycle is meant to be fast.  Instead, build some sort of queue of jobs,
69 | and use a scheduled task to process those jobs.  More info [here](/pages/AsyncInWebApps/)
70 | 
71 | 
72 | ## Page crash errors
73 | 
74 | Sometimes your code may fail with an error like this:
75 | 
76 | ```
77 | Message: unknown error: session deleted because of page crash
78 | ```
79 | 
80 | If you get this, try adding the option
81 | 
82 | ```python
83 | chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
84 | ```
85 | 


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/articles/SettingTheTimezone.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Setting the timezone
 3 | .. slug: SettingTheTimezone
 4 | .. date: 2019-05-06 13:23:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | ## How to specify the timezone for your code
13 | 
14 | The server time is always UTC, but you can change which timezone your code runs
15 | with by using the TZ environment variable.  For example, if you are on the
16 | US East Coast, you can add this to your .bashrc file:
17 | 
18 |     export TZ="America/New_York"
19 | 
20 | ...then code you run in consoles and scheduled/always-on tasks will run with
21 | New York time.  For websites, you need to do something similar at the top of the
22 | WSGI file:
23 | 
24 |     import os
25 |     import time
26 |     
27 |     os.environ["TZ"] = "America/New_York"
28 |     time.tzset()
29 | 
30 | For the correct specification strings for other timezones, check out
31 | [this Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones)
32 | 


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/articles/ShareMyCodeOnline.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to share my code with people online
 4 | .. slug: ShareMyCodeOnline
 5 | .. date: 2018-01-24 11:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | # How do I share my code online?
14 | 
15 | So you've written some code -- perhaps it's a simple, fun guessing game, or
16 | perhaps it's a complicated statistical analysis calculator, perhaps it's a
17 | poetry generator, perhaps it's an evil AI ready to take over the world.
18 | Whatever it may be, you'd like to put it online, so other people can try it
19 | out.
20 | 
21 | It seems like simple request!  But there isn't one perfect, simple way to do it.
22 | 
23 | Here are three possibilities that might work for you; each has its pros and cons.
24 | 
25 | 
26 | ## Use the "Share" button in the Editor
27 | 
28 | The PythonAnywhere editor (from the [Files tab](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/files))
29 | gives you the option to share a file -- look for the paperclip icon at the top
30 | of the editor.
31 | 
32 | This only works for single files, and people you share with will need a
33 | PythonAnywhere account.
34 | 
35 | 
36 | ## Using a Gist Console
37 | 
38 | That requires uploading your code to GitHub as a "Gist", but then you can share it with anyone: https://www.pythonanywhere.com/gists/
39 | 
40 | 
41 | ## By building a web app
42 | 
43 | This is the most work but offers the most flexibility.  For that you'd need to
44 | learn the basics of one of python's web frameworks. We recommend these two
45 | tutorials:
46 | 
47 | https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/
48 | 
49 | https://blog.pythonanywhere.com/121/
50 | 
51 | Good luck!
52 | 
53 | 
54 | ## PS - or you can go elsewhere
55 | 
56 | We should also mention our friends at [Trinket.io](https://trinket.io/), who
57 | have a platform that makes it really easy to share short scripts online.
58 | 
59 | 


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/articles/StartingEncryptedConnection.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Starting encrypted connection
 4 | .. slug: StartingEncryptedConnection
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ##The "Starting encrypted connection" message never disappears
15 | 
16 | For example, a message like this:
17 | 
18 |     Starting encrypted connection to consoles-1.pythonanywhere.com on port 443
19 | 
20 | We sometimes have problems with firewalls blocking our connections, so if you're
21 | behind a corporate firewall or proxy, that could be the cause.
22 | 
23 | Another possiblity is that there is some kind of certificate error. To test
24 | this, try manually visiting
25 | [https://consoles-1.pythonanywhere.com](https://consoles-1.pythonanywhere.com/)
26 | in your browser. It should give you a 404 message, but **if it gives you a
27 | certificate warning or a security error**, do let us know.
28 | 
29 | Failing that, here are a few more things to try:
30 | 
31 |   * try a different web browser on the same PC
32 |   * try a different PC at the same location
33 |   * try accessing PythonAnywhere from a different location
34 | 


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/articles/StaticFiles.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Static files mappings
 4 | .. slug: StaticFiles
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | Our static files support is an optional extra. If you're happy letting your web
16 | framework serve static files for you, then that's fine. Or if you want to you
17 | can give the job of serving static files to our web servers, by setting up a
18 | static files mapping -- it should mean your web worker has more time for
19 | non-static requests, the ones that actually need code.
20 | 
21 | Static files config is basically a mapping from a URL to a directory. You tell
22 | us where your files are (eg `/home/me/myapp/static`), and what URL you want
23 | them served at (eg `/static/`) and then hit "Reload web app". Then, any files
24 | inside the static folder will be served, eg
25 | `/home/me/myapp/static/css/base.css` will appear at
26 | `http://me.pythonanywhere.com/static/css/base.css`.
27 | 
28 | 
29 | ##A worked example
30 | 
31 | 
32 | Supposing you have some static files stored like this:
33 | 
34 |     /home/myusername/myproject
35 |     └── assets
36 |         ├── css
37 |         │   ├── base.css
38 |         │   └── bootstrap.css
39 |         ├── images
40 |         │   ├── img1.jpg
41 |         │   └── img2.png
42 |         └── js
43 |             └── widgets.js
44 | 
45 | 
46 | And, supposing in one of your templates, you want to use some of your static assets, like this:
47 | 
48 |     :::html
49 |     <link rel="stylesheet" link href="/static/css/base.css">
50 |     <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/widgets.js"></script>
51 |     [...]
52 |     <img src="/static/images/img1.jpg">
53 | 
54 | 
55 | The two things to note are:
56 | 
57 |   1. The URLs all start with `/static/`
58 |   1. The path to the place where all your static files are stored is `/home/myusername/myproject/assets`
59 | 
60 | So, what you want is a static files mapping that says:
61 | 
62 | **The URL /static/ should map to the folder /home/myusername/myproject/assets**
63 | 
64 | Hopefully you can see how, after that, the relative paths are the same?
65 | 
66 | So now you know what to put in the two boxes on the Static files section in the web tab. Remember to hit "reload" when you're done. To test it, visit the URL of one of your static files directly. Remember to use Ctrl+F5 to force a reload of the page.
67 | 
68 | 
69 | ## Static files in Django
70 | 
71 | Please see [this specific help page on static files in Django](/pages/DjangoStaticFiles)
72 | 
73 | 
74 | ## Debugging static files issues
75 | 
76 | Please see [this page on debugging problems with static files](/pages/DebuggingStaticFiles)
77 | 
78 | 
79 | 


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/articles/StaticIPForExternalAllowlists.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Static IPs for external allowlists
 4 | .. slug: StaticIPForExternalAllowlists
 5 | .. date: 2017-09-08 18:44 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | ## The issue
14 | 
15 | Some external services that you might want to connect to from your
16 | PythonAnywhere code use IP allowlisting as a security measure.  For example,
17 | if you have a Microsoft SQL Server on Azure, the normal configuration would
18 | require that you enter the specific IP addresses of all machines that will
19 | connect to it into the server's configuration.
20 | 
21 | This can cause problems when you try to connect from code running on
22 | PythonAnywhere.  The actual IP address associated with running code is not fixed
23 | -- your code can run on one of many different servers, with no fixed IP address.
24 | 
25 | ## The solutions
26 | 
27 | ### Using an HTTP proxy
28 | 
29 | Some companies can provide you with a private HTTP proxy with a static IP
30 | address.  If all you need the static IP for is HTTP/HTTPS (and not, for example,
31 | MySQL or ODBC), then this is a good and reasonably priced solution.
32 | Here's one example: [BestProxyAndVPN](http://www.bestproxyandvpn.com).
33 | 
34 | Do note, though, that you'll need to configure your code to use the proxy.
35 | 
36 | 
37 | ### Statica
38 | 
39 | If you need to do non-HTTP requests, like ODBC or MySQL, another product that several customers
40 | have used successfully [Statica](https://www.quotaguard.com/static-ip/) from
41 | QuotaGuard.  They provide a kind of static-IP-as-a-service.  You rent the IP
42 | address from them, and they provide a wrapper script that you can use to run
43 | your code, which tunnels all access to external IPs from that code over a proxy
44 | on that IP address.  One caveat if you're connecting to an MS SQL server
45 | database: it appears to work well with pymssql, but not with pbodbc.
46 | 
47 | ### Dynamically-changing your allowlisted IPs.
48 | 
49 | If you have some kind of API that allows you to allowlist specific IPs using a
50 | side-channel (eg. if your database is on Amazon Web Services, then you can
51 | use boto) then you could write a bit of code that gets the current IP where your
52 | code is running, for example by using `requests` to access
53 | [IPify](https://www.ipify.org/), and then allowlist the IP address dynamically
54 | when your script starts up.
55 | 
56 | 
57 | ### The excessive allowlist
58 | 
59 | If all else fails, you can consider allowlisting all of Amazon's us-east-1
60 | datacenter.   We really don't recommend this, though -- there are a *lot* of IP
61 | addresses in their range, the servers could be rented out to hackers who are
62 | trying to get into databases like yours, and anyway the list is subject to
63 | change.   Still, if you decide to go for this option, here's a link to
64 | [the IP ranges list](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-ip-ranges.html).
65 | 


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/articles/StaticIPForExternalWhitelists.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Static IPs for external whitelists
 4 | .. slug: StaticIPForExternalWhitelists
 5 | .. date: 2017-09-08 18:44 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | See [Static IPs for external allowlists](/pages/StaticIPForExternalAllowlists)


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/articles/TaLib.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Installing TA-Lib on PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: TaLib
 4 | .. date: 2025-03-13 16:00:00 UTC
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | The TA-Lib operating system package is already installed on PythonAnywhere, so
13 | in order to use it from Python you just need to install the correct version of
14 | the [ta-lib Python bindings](https://pypi.org/project/ta-lib/).
15 | 
16 | Firstly, run this bash command to see which version of the OS package you have:
17 | 
18 | ```bash
19 | dpkg -l | grep ta-lib
20 | ```
21 | 
22 | You'll see something like this:
23 | 
24 | ```
25 | ii  ta-lib                                 0.4.0                                         amd64        no description given
26 | ```
27 | 
28 | The number in the middle (`0.4.0` in this example) is the version of the OS
29 | package.
30 | 
31 | The version of the Python package that you need is the most recent one that has
32 | the same first two parts of the version number as the OS package -- so, in this
33 | example, it would be the most recent `0.4` release -- say, `0.4.123`.  The easiest
34 | way to install that is to ask pip to install a version lower than the following
35 | release -- in this example we'd want to tell it to  install the most recent
36 | version that is less than `0.5`.  Here's how you would do that:
37 | 
38 | ```bash
39 | pip install 'ta-lib<0.5'
40 | ```
41 | 
42 | Note the single quotes around the package name and the version -- they're important!
43 | 
44 | That should complete successfully, and you'll have a working version of TA-Lib
45 | and its Python bindings installed.
46 | 
47 | 
48 | 


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/articles/TkinterPygameEtc.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Can I install/use Tkinter? (or Pygame, or QT, the turtle module, or other GUI libraries...)
 4 | .. slug: TkinterPygameEtc
 5 | .. date: 2018-02-12 11:33:28 UTC
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | In general, you can [install almost anything you like](/pages/InstallingNewModules), but...
14 | 
15 | 
16 | # Can I install Tkinter? or Pygame?
17 | 
18 | Tkinter and Pygame are what we call "GUI toolkits", in the sense that they
19 | help you to build Python apps that write graphics to your desktop screen (GUI
20 | = graphical user interface).
21 | 
22 | The problem is that PythonAnywhere is a server-side, or "headless"
23 | environment, which means it doesn't have access to your GUI. When you run code on
24 | PythonAnywhere, it runs on our servers, and it doesn't have any way to talk
25 | directly to your local display and be able to display graphics on it.
26 | 
27 | The way we interact with your computer is using a web browser, either to
28 | display an interactive console (so the output is all text-based), or to create
29 | a web application (which uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript to display visual
30 | information and create use interfaces)
31 | 
32 | 
33 | 
34 | # A package I'm installing needs Tkinter
35 | 
36 | What if a package you're installing needs Tkinter?  Something that doesn't
37 | seem to be immediately related to GUI stuff?
38 | 
39 | Examples might include `Scipy/Numpy`, or `Matplotlib`
40 | 
41 | Perhaps you're seeing errors like this:
42 | 
43 | ```
44 | No module named _tkinter
45 | 
46 | No module named Tkinter
47 | 
48 | _tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
49 | ```
50 | 
51 | The answer is that some packages *assume* that you're running in a GUI environment, even when you don't, strictly speaking, need one.  But there are usually workarounds for this.
52 | 
53 | See [this link for configuring matplotlib to not use tkinter](/pages/MatplotLibGraphs)
54 | 
55 | 
56 | # What about turtle?
57 | 
58 | [Turtle](https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/turtle.html#module-turtle) is a
59 | great fun graphics package, particularly for teaching programming by drawing
60 | pictures, but unfortunately, for the reasons above, it won't work on
61 | PythonAnywhere.
62 | 
63 | But we often recommend our friends at [trinket.io](https://trinket.io)
64 | instead;  they've built a cool browser-based version of Python that
65 | does support turtle.  It's great for beginners!
66 | 
67 | 


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/articles/TwilioBehindTheProxy.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How to get Twilio to work on Free accounts with the proxy (fixing requests ConnectonError in HTTPSConnectionPool)
 3 | .. slug: TwilioBehindTheProxy
 4 | .. date: 2018-02-05 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | If you're trying to use Twilio on a PythonAnywhere free account, you're likely to
14 | run into an error that looks like this:
15 | 
16 | ```python
17 | urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.twilio.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /2010-04-01/Accounts/xxxxxx/Messages.json (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7fe7acca1630>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))
18 | ```
19 | 
20 | The Twilio API client needs to be told how to connect to the proxy server that
21 | free accounts use to access the external Internet.  The code to use to do that
22 | differs based on which version of the client library you're using:
23 | 
24 | ## Twilio 6.35.0 onwards:
25 | 
26 |     :::python
27 |     import os
28 |     from twilio.rest import Client
29 |     from twilio.http.http_client import TwilioHttpClient
30 | 
31 |     proxy_client = TwilioHttpClient(proxy={'http': os.environ['http_proxy'], 'https': os.environ['https_proxy']})
32 | 
33 |     account_sid = 'your account id here'
34 |     auth_token = 'your twilio token here'
35 | 
36 |     client = Client(account_sid, auth_token, http_client=proxy_client)
37 | 
38 |     # twilio api calls will now work from behind the proxy:
39 |     message = client.messages.create(to="...", from_='...', body='...')
40 | 
41 | 
42 | ## Older versions:
43 | 
44 |     :::python
45 |     import os
46 |     from twilio.rest import Client
47 |     from twilio.http.http_client import TwilioHttpClient
48 | 
49 |     proxy_client = TwilioHttpClient()
50 |     proxy_client.session.proxies = {'https': os.environ['https_proxy']}
51 | 
52 |     account_sid = 'your account id here'
53 |     auth_token = 'your twilio token here'
54 | 
55 |     client = Client(account_sid, auth_token, http_client=proxy_client)
56 | 
57 |     # twilio api calls will now work from behind the proxy:
58 |     message = client.messages.create(to="...", from_='...', body='...')
59 | 


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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Types of consoles
 3 | .. slug: TypesOfConsoles
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | In the [Consoles page](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/consoles/)
13 | you'll find links to start various types of console:
14 | 
15 |   * Python using either the standard Python shell or [IPython](https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/). If you've never tried IPython, check it out, it's pretty cool!
16 |   * Bash
17 |   * [PyPy](//pypy.org/)
18 |   * MySQL
19 |   * Custom consoles
20 |   * Postgres (paid feature)
21 |   
22 | For the available **Python/IPython** consoles, check the available Python versions
23 | for your [system image](https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/ChangingSystemImage/).
24 | 
25 | **Custom consoles** are basically Bash commands which start a console with
26 | additional setup, like activating a virtual environment, exporting
27 | some environment variables, etc. For example, if you're developing a
28 | project which uses a virtualenv, you might want to have a console that
29 | opens an IPython shell with that venv activated. Such a command for a
30 | custom console would look like:
31 | 
32 |     source virtualenvwrapper.sh && workon my_venv && ipython
33 |     
34 | If you want to start a custom Bash console which performs some set up
35 | actions at start, you could use a script like this:
36 | 
37 | ```bash
38 | #!/bin/bash --init-file
39 | 
40 | source ~/.bashrc
41 | cd MyProjectDir
42 | git status
43 | ```
44 | 
45 | After making the script executable, you can use it as a
46 | command that starts a new custom console -- it will source your
47 | `.bashrc` file, enter `MyProjectDir` and show output of the `git
48 | status` command at the start.
49 | 


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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Typing problems international
 4 | .. slug: TypingProblemsInternational
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | Unfortunately there is a bug in the JavaScript terminal emulator that provides our web-based consoles -- for certain keyboard layouts, eg. AZERTY on MacOS, it fails to recognise certain characters, like right-bracket.
15 | 
16 | This seems to happen only for specific languages' keyboard layouts in specific browsers -- Firefox tends to be slightly worse than Chrome. We do have some ideas for a fix, but unfortunately it would only work in Chrome.
17 | 
18 | If you see the problem in one browser, and you're able to use another (eg. you see it in Firefox, but are able to use Chrome) then that's probably the best solution. If that doesn't work for you, one possibility is to use [SSH](/pages/SSHAccess). This isn't as simple as the web-based consoles, but should give you access to the system (unless you're behind a firewall that doesn't allow SSH, or are using a machine where you can't use SSH, of course).
19 | 
20 | SSH access to PythonAnywhere is normally only available to paying customers, but if you're having keyboard problems like this, then email us (use the "Send feedback" link above) and we'll switch it on for you.
21 | 


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/articles/UsingANewDomainForExistingWebApp.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Using a new domain for existing webapp
 4 | .. slug: UsingANewDomainForExistingWebApp
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | If you have a free account on PythonAnywhere, you can run a website at the
14 | domain *yourusername*`.pythonanywhere.com`, if your account is hosted on our US
15 | system, or at *yourusername*`.eu.pythonanywhere.com`, if you're hosted on our EU
16 | system.  But if you have a paid account, you can run the site on any domain that
17 | you own.
18 | 
19 | If you already have a web application up and running on PythonAnywhere and you
20 | want to point a new domain at it -- for example, if you have a site at
21 | `conrad.pythonanywhere.com` and you want it to show up at `www.conradsdomain.com` --
22 | there are two steps:
23 | 
24 |  * Go to the "Web" tab, and click on the pencil icon next to the web app name.
25 |    Change it from `conrad.pythonanywhere.com` to `www.conradsdomain.com`.
26 | 
27 |    ![click on the pencil icon!](/rename_webapp.jpg)
28 | 
29 |    This tells the PythonAnywhere system that when it receives a request for
30 |    your domain, it should use your web app to respond to the request.
31 | 
32 |  * After you've done that, you'll see a new "DNS setup" section on the "Web"
33 |    tab.  This will have a "CNAME" value, which you'll need to use in some
34 |    configuration with the company you bought the domain from.  There's
35 |    [more information about CNAME setup here](/pages/CustomDomains#configuring-the-domain-at-the-domain-registrar).
36 | 


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/articles/UsingCherryPy.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: CherryPy on PythonAnywhere
 4 | .. slug: UsingCherryPy
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | [CherryPy](//www.cherrypy.org/) has its own built-in server, but that won't
16 | work well on PythonAnywhere. In order to use [CherryPy](//www.cherrypy.org/),
17 | you need to make it serve through WSGI and link that up to the PythonAnywhere
18 | web-serving infrastructure. Here is a simple [CherryPy](//www.cherrypy.org/)
19 | application that will run well on PythonAnywhere:
20 | 
21 |   * Create a "Manually configured" web app * Edit the wsgi file so it looks something like this:
22 | 
23 |         :::python
24 |         import sys
25 |         sys.stdout = sys.stderr
26 | 
27 |         import atexit
28 |         import cherrypy
29 | 
30 |         cherrypy.config.update({'environment': 'embedded'})
31 | 
32 |         if cherrypy.__version__.startswith('3.0') and cherrypy.engine.state == 0:
33 |             cherrypy.engine.start(blocking=False)
34 |             atexit.register(cherrypy.engine.stop)
35 | 
36 |         class Root(object):
37 |             def index(self):
38 |                 return 'Hello World!'
39 |             index.exposed = True
40 | 
41 |         application = cherrypy.Application(Root(), script_name='', config=None)
42 | 
43 | 
44 | to use it for your own app, just replace the Root class with your own in the script.
45 | 
46 | Note that to use cherrypy with Python3, you will need to install it first. Run `pip3.6 install --user cherrypy` if you are not using a virtualenv.
47 | 
48 | 


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/articles/UsingDropbox.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Using Dropbox
 4 | .. slug: UsingDropbox
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | 
17 | ##Dropbox is no longer supported
18 | 
19 | 
20 | Unfortunately, after many months of trying, we've come to the conclusion that we're not going to be able to support Dropbox integration any more.
21 | 
22 | 
23 | ###All is not lost!
24 | 
25 | 
26 | In the meantime, we'd like to encourage you to take a look at some of the [other options for getting code in and out of PythonAnywhere](/pages/UploadingAndDownloadingFiles). Think of it as an upgrade! Switching to a VCS-based system that uses Github or Bitbucket offers many advantages in terms of reliability, backups, and the-way-real-software-engineers-do-it-ness...
27 | 


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/articles/UsingTornado.md:
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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Using tornado
 4 | .. slug: UsingTornado
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | 
16 | [Tornado](//www.tornadoweb.org/) is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. You can write Tornado web apps on PythonAnywhere, but you won't be able to use all of Tornado's features.
17 | 
18 | PythonAnywhere web applications are connected to clients (ie. users' web browsers) using a protocol called WSGI. WSGI is designed for traditional web apps, where the client makes a request to the server for a specific resource, and is given the resource. Each request for a new page (or image, or other file) is made in a different request, and there is no way for the server to push data to the client.
19 | 
20 | Tornado, however, is optimised for asynchronous communication with client web browsers -- that is, a client opens a connection, but then the connection is kept open and the server can push data back to the client. This doesn't work with WSGI, so it doesn't work on PythonAnywhere.
21 | 
22 | However, if you're using Tornado as a web framework and don't care about the asynchronous stuff, you can use it on PythonAnywhere. Here's a step-by-step guide:
23 | 
24 |   * Go to the "Web" tab
25 |   * Create a new web app, using the "Manual configuration" option.
26 |   * Edit the WSGI file (there should be a link when you get the "All done" message on the web tab)
27 |   * Replace the code in the WSGI file with this:
28 | 
29 |         :::python
30 |         import tornado.web
31 |         import tornado.wsgi
32 | 
33 |         class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
34 |             def get(self):
35 |                 self.write("Hello from Tornado")
36 | 
37 |         application = tornado.wsgi.WSGIApplication([
38 |             (r"/", MainHandler),
39 |         ])
40 | 
41 | 
42 | Visit your app, and you should get the results you expect.
43 | 
44 | For more information about Tornado and WSGI, check out [this page in the Tornado docs](//www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/wsgi). One thing to keep an eye out for -- in their example, they create a WSGI server to serve up the Tornado app:
45 | 
46 |     :::python
47 |     server = wsgiref.simple_server.make_server('', 8888, application)
48 |     server.serve_forever()
49 | 
50 | 
51 | **Don't** do that on PythonAnywhere -- it will break your web app completely.
52 | 


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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Using a virtualenv in a scheduled task
 3 | .. slug: VirtualEnvInScheduledTasks
 4 | .. date: 2016-05-16 11:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | See [setting up scheduled tasks](/pages/ScheduledTasks#using-a-virtualenv)
13 | 


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/articles/Virtualenvs.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How to use a virtualenv in your web app (to get newer versions of django, flask etc)
 3 | .. slug: Virtualenvs
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | This page has been moved to [here](/pages/VirtualEnvForWebsites)
13 | 


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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: Changing your Web2py Admin Password
 4 | .. slug: Web2pyAdminPassword
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 |   * Open a Bash console and cd to your web2py directory. You'll know you're in the right place if there's a file called `parameters_443.py` in the directory.
16 |   * Run this:
17 | 
18 |         ::python
19 |         python -c "from gluon.main import save_password; save_password(raw_input('admin password: '),443)"
20 | 
21 |   * Reload your webapp.
22 | 


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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Web2py: how to do a fake migration to change database hostname
 3 | .. slug: web2pyfakemigration
 4 | .. date: 2016-04-07
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | As mentioned in our recent newsletter and mailshot, we're finally switching
13 | off the old `mysql.server` address for our mysql service in favour of the 
14 | new `yourusername.mysql.pythonanywhere-services.com` address, which has been
15 | the default for the last year or so.
16 | 
17 | If you're a web2py user and your DAL connection string still contains
18 | `mysql.server`, you'll need to change it. 
19 | 
20 | It's actually the exact same database underneath, just a different address for
21 | it, but changing DAL details in web2py causes web2py to think you need to do a
22 | database migration, and that causes problems.
23 | 
24 | To get around these, we've been advised by other web2py users that you should
25 | go through the following procedure:
26 | 
27 | 
28 | 1. Enable `fake_migrate_all` by adding this argument to the DAL constructor
29 |    containing the new database name:
30 | 
31 |       ```
32 |       db = DAL(..., fake_migrate_all=True)
33 |       ```
34 | 
35 |       Migrate for individual table definitions should be set to False
36 | 
37 | 2. Load your site, at least once, eg by opening the admin site.
38 | 
39 | 3. Disable `fake_migrate_all` by removing that argument again. This is important,
40 |   because otherwise your web2py migrations will be disabled forever, and you won't
41 |   be able to make changes to your models any more, and web2py will be confused...
42 | 
43 | 
44 | 


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/articles/Web2pyScheduler.md:
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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: How to run the web2py scheduler on PythonAnywhere
 3 | .. slug: Web2pyScheduler
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | The [web2py scheduler](//web2py.com/books/default/chapter/29/4#web2py-Scheduler)
14 | is a way to process asynchronous jobs from web2py.  You can run it in a paid
15 | account without problems on PythonAnywhere; it's a bit less useful in a free
16 | account.
17 | 
18 | 
19 | ## In a paid account
20 | 
21 | The way to get it running on PythonAnywhere in a paid account is to use an
22 | [Always-on task](https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/AlwaysOnTasks).
23 | 
24 | Just create one on the "Tasks" page, with the following command:
25 | 
26 | ```bash
27 | cd ~; python web2py/web2py.py -K my_web2py_app_name
28 | ```
29 | 
30 | You should replace `my_web2py_app_name` with the actual app name, and if you've
31 | installed Web2py in a directory different to `web2py` in your home directory,
32 | you'll need to change that too.
33 | 
34 | 
35 | 
36 | ## In a free account
37 | 
38 | Unfortunately there's no good way to make it work in a free account, because
39 | you don't have access to always-on tasks.  However, if the things you are trying
40 | to schedule happen at roughly the same time each day, you can create a scheduled
41 | task that will run just before that time, and use the same command as in the
42 | example above.
43 | 
44 | 


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 1 | <!--
 2 | .. title: Webapp basics
 3 | .. slug: WebAppBasics
 4 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 5 | .. tags:
 6 | .. category:
 7 | .. link:
 8 | .. description:
 9 | .. type: text
10 | -->
11 | 
12 | 
13 | 
14 | ## How to create a web application on PythonAnywhere
15 | 
16 | 
17 | Your PythonAnywhere account comes with a website at
18 | `http://your-username.pythonanywhere.com/`. Paying users can also set their
19 | accounts up [to have websites with custom domains](/pages/CustomDomains).
20 | 
21 | You can create an app to run there by going to the
22 | [Web](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/web_app_setup/) tab of your dashboard. From
23 | there you click on the "Add a new web app" button, which will pop up a wizard
24 | where you can chose the domain to use (if your account allows custom domains)
25 | and then select a web application framework. We have "quickstart" options for
26 | Django, web2py, Bottle and Flask, and there is also a "Manual configuration"
27 | option where you can generate a standard template WSGI file that can be modified
28 | to support many other web frameworks (though it does require a little more
29 | expertise than using the quickstart options).
30 | 


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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to get the IP addresses of clients for your web app
 4 | .. slug: WebAppClientIPAddresses
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | Web apps on PythonAnywhere are load-balanced across a cluster of machines. This means that when you access the `remote_addr` field, which is where the client IP address normally goes, you'll get the internal IP address of the load-balancer.
16 | 
17 | Our loadbalancer puts the real IP address that we received the request from into the X-Real-IP header, which you can access like this in Flask:
18 | 
19 |     :::python
20 |     request.headers['X-Real-IP']
21 | 
22 | 
23 | ...and like this in Django:
24 | 
25 |     :::python
26 |     request.META.get('HTTP_X_REAL_IP')
27 | 
28 | 
29 | (Other web frameworks will be similar)
30 | 
31 | We also pass along the `X-Forwarded-For` header, which contains a comma-separated list of IP addresses which *should* be a list of all proxies that have handled the client's request, with the client's IP address first and the one we received it from last. However, you should note that the data in that header isn't guaranteed -- malicious or broken clients or proxies anywhere between the client and your web app can put anything they want in there. The only thing we at PythonAnywhere can guarantee is the last item on the list, which will be the IP address of the machine our load-balancer received the request from.
32 | 


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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: How to configure a web.py app as a pythonanywhere wsgi application
 4 | .. slug: WebDotPyWSGIConfig
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | Web.py applications usually have an `"app"` variable to represent the application. You can turn this into a wsgi-compatible application by calling `.wsgifunc()` on it. So, in your wsgi file, you'll need something like this:
16 | 
17 |     :::python
18 |     sys.path.append('/home/myusername/path-to/my-webdotpy-files')
19 |     from myapp import app
20 |     application = app.wsgifunc()
21 | 
22 | 
23 | 
24 | Other than that, be sure to check out our guide to [Debugging import errors](/pages/DebuggingImportError) for general tips on dealing with problems in your wsgi config.
25 | 


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 1 | 
 2 | <!--
 3 | .. title: What are "CPU seconds"?
 4 | .. slug: WhatAreCPUSeconds
 5 | .. date: 2015-05-13 14:35:28 UTC+01:00
 6 | .. tags:
 7 | .. category:
 8 | .. link:
 9 | .. description:
10 | .. type: text
11 | -->
12 | 
13 | 
14 | 
15 | With every PythonAnywhere account, you get a number of CPU-seconds included each day.
16 | This applies to all code run through our in-browser consoles and in your scheduled tasks.
17 | It does not currently apply to your web apps.
18 | 
19 | A CPU-second is one second of full-power usage on a server-grade CPU.
20 | Your code only uses up CPU seconds while it's actually busy. If your code isn't
21 | using any CPU power (maybe it's not running, or it's waiting for input or for a
22 | web request to return) then it's not using any CPU seconds.
23 | 
24 | If you use up all of your included CPU seconds, don't worry! You can always buy
25 | more — and even if you don't, your processes will still run in the tarpit.
26 | 
27 | Tarpitted processes run at a lower priority than users who haven't hit their
28 | limit, but they get any spare capacity that we have on our server cluster,
29 | unless they're using gigabytes of RAM.
30 | 
31 | Here's [more info about the tarpit](https://www.pythonanywhere.com/tarpit/).
32 | 


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1 | #!/bin/bash
2 | 
3 | set -e
4 | 
5 | /home/help/.virtualenvs/nikola/bin/nikola build 
6 | /home/help/.virtualenvs/nikola/bin/nikola deploy
7 | 
8 | 


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/flask_app.py:
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 1 | from flask import Flask, redirect
 2 | 
 3 | app = Flask(__name__)
 4 | 
 5 | @app.route('/')
 6 | def root():
 7 |     return redirect("/pages/")
 8 | 
 9 | @app.route('/pages/FastHTML')
10 | @app.route('/pages/FastHTML/')
11 | def fasthtml_redirect():
12 |     return redirect("/pages/ASGICommandLine")
13 | 
14 | @app.route('/pages/FastAPI')
15 | @app.route('/pages/FastAPI/')
16 | def fastapi_redirect():
17 |     return redirect("/pages/ASGICommandLine")
18 | 
19 | @app.route('/pages/AsgiDjango')
20 | @app.route('/pages/AsgiDjango/')
21 | def asgi_django_redirect():
22 |     return redirect("/pages/ASGICommandLine")
23 | 


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/plugins/__init__.py:
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1 | # Plugin modules go here.


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/plugins/generate_llms_txt/generate_llms_txt.plugin:
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 1 | [Core]
 2 | Name = generate_llms_txt
 3 | Module = generate_llms_txt
 4 | 
 5 | [Nikola]
 6 | MinVersion = 8.0.0
 7 | PluginCategory = Task
 8 | 
 9 | [Documentation]
10 | Author = Giles Thomas (with Claude's help)
11 | Version = 0.1
12 | Website = https://help.pythonanywhere.com
13 | Description = Generates LLM-friendly markdown versions of site content at /llms.txt
14 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/MIT-LICENSE.txt:
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 1 | Tipue Search Copyright (c) 2012 Tipue
 2 | 
 3 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 4 | a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 5 | "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 6 | without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 7 | distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 8 | permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 9 | the following conditions:
10 | 
11 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
12 | included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
13 | 
14 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
15 | EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
16 | MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
17 | NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
18 | LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
19 | OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
20 | WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
21 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/README.md:
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 1 | If you don't want to depend on Google or DuckDuckGo to implement search for you,
 2 | or just want it to work even if you are offline, enable this plugin and the
 3 | search will be performed client side. It uses [Tipue](http://www.tipue.com/search/) as its engine.
 4 | 
 5 | After you build your site, you will have several new files in assets/css and assets/js
 6 | and a tipue_search.html that you can use as a basis for using this in your site.
 7 | 
 8 | For more information about how to customize it and use it, please refer to the tipue
 9 | docs at http://www.tipue.com/search/
10 | 
11 | Tipue is under an MIT license (see MIT-LICENSE.txt)
12 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/conf.py.sample:
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 1 | SEARCH_FORM = """
 2 | <span class="navbar-form pull-left">
 3 | <input type="text" id="tipue_search_input">
 4 | </span>"""
 5 | 
 6 | BODY_END = """
 7 | <script src="/assets/js/tipuesearch_set.js"></script>
 8 | <script src="/assets/js/tipuesearch.js"></script>
 9 | <script>
10 | $(document).ready(function() {
11 |     $('#tipue_search_input').tipuesearch({
12 |         'mode': 'json',
13 |         'contentLocation': '/assets/js/tipuesearch_content.json',
14 |         'showUrl': false
15 |     });
16 | });
17 | </script>
18 | """
19 | 
20 | EXTRA_HEAD_DATA = """
21 | <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/tipuesearch.css">
22 | <div id="tipue_search_content" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 20px;"></div>
23 | """
24 | 
25 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/localsearch.plugin:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | [Core]
 2 | Name = local_search
 3 | Module = localsearch
 4 | 
 5 | [Documentation]
 6 | Author = Roberto Alsina
 7 | Version = 0.1
 8 | Website = http://plugins.getnikola.com/#localsearch
 9 | Description = Create data files for local search via Tipue
10 | 
11 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/localsearch/files/assets/js/tipuesearch_set.js:
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 1 | 
 2 | /*
 3 | Tipue Search 3.0.1
 4 | Copyright (c) 2013 Tipue
 5 | Tipue Search is released under the MIT License
 6 | http://www.tipue.com/search
 7 | */
 8 | 
 9 | 
10 | var tipuesearch_stop_words = ["and", "be", "by", "do", "for", "he", "how", "if", "is", "it", "my", "not", "of", "or", "the", "to", "up", "what", "when"];
11 | 
12 | var tipuesearch_replace = {"words": [
13 |      {"word": "tipua", replace_with: "tipue"},
14 |      {"word": "javscript", replace_with: "javascript"}
15 | ]};
16 | 
17 | var tipuesearch_stem = {"words": [
18 |      {"word": "e-mail", stem: "email"},
19 |      {"word": "javascript", stem: "script"},
20 |      {"word": "javascript", stem: "js"}
21 | ]};
22 | 


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/plugins/localsearch/localsearch/files/tipue_search.html:
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 1 | <!DOCTYPE HTML>
 2 | <html>
 3 | <head>
 4 | <title>Tipue Search</title>
 5 | <meta charset="utf-8">
 6 | 
 7 | <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
 8 | 
 9 | <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="assets/css/tipuesearch.css">
10 | <script  src="assets/js/tipuesearch_set.js"></script>
11 | <scrip tsrc="assets/js/tipuesearch.js"></script>
12 | 
13 | </head>
14 | <body>
15 | 
16 | <div style="float: left;"><input type="text" id="tipue_search_input"></div>
17 | <div style="float: left; margin-left: 13px;"><input type="button" id="tipue_search_button"></div>
18 | <div id="tipue_search_content"><div id="tipue_search_loading"></div></div>
19 | </div>
20 | 
21 | <script>
22 | $(document).ready(function() {
23 |      $('#tipue_search_input').tipuesearch({
24 |           'mode': 'json',
25 |           'contentLocation': 'assets/js/tipuesearch_content.json'
26 |      });
27 | });
28 | </script>
29 | </body>
30 | </html>
31 | 


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/requirements.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # Works with python 3.10 on innit
 2 | # (for nikola-innit venv, see post-receive hook `/home/help/barerepo.git/hooks` as in example in README.md)
 3 | Babel==2.9.1
 4 | blinker==1.6.2
 5 | certifi==2024.7.4
 6 | chardet==4.0.0
 7 | click==8.1.3
 8 | cloudpickle==1.6.0
 9 | docutils==0.17.1
10 | doit==0.33.1
11 | Flask
12 | idna==2.10
13 | importlib-metadata==4.5.0
14 | itsdangerous==2.1.2
15 | Jinja2==3.1.2
16 | livereload==2.6.3
17 | lxml==4.9.1
18 | Mako==1.2.2
19 | Markdown==3.3.4
20 | MarkupSafe==2.1.1
21 | natsort==7.1.1
22 | Nikola==8.1.3
23 | piexif==1.1.3
24 | Pillow==9.3.0
25 | Pygments==2.9.0
26 | pyinotify==0.9.6
27 | PyRSS2Gen==1.1
28 | python-dateutil==2.8.1
29 | pytz==2021.1
30 | requests==2.25.1
31 | six==1.16.0
32 | tornado==6.1
33 | typing-extensions==3.10.0.0
34 | Unidecode==1.2.0
35 | urllib3==1.26.5
36 | Werkzeug==2.3.3
37 | Yapsy==1.12.2
38 | zipp==3.4.1
39 | aiohttp
40 | watchdog
41 | setuptools>=70.0.0 # not directly required, pinned by Snyk to avoid a vulnerability
42 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | This is the original Bootstrap 2 theme for Nikola.  This theme is **not
 2 | supported** by the Nikola and Bootstrap developers.  Use at your own risk,
 3 | upgrade to ``bootstrap3`` (shipped with Nikola) whenever possible.
 4 | 
 5 | Has a fixed navigation bar at top that displays the `NAVIGATION_LINKS`
 6 | setting and supports nested menus.
 7 | 
 8 | This theme is used in Nikola's website: https://getnikola.com
 9 | 
10 | Important: To fit in the bootstrap navigation bar, the search form needs the
11 | navbar-form and pull-left CSS classes applied. Here is an example with Nikola's
12 | default duckduckgo search form:
13 | 
14 |     SEARCH_FORM = """
15 |         <!-- Custom search -->
16 |         <form method="get" id="search" action="http://duckduckgo.com/" class="navbar-form pull-left">
17 |             <input type="hidden" name="sites" value="%s"/>
18 |             <input type="hidden" name="k8" value="#444444"/>
19 |             <input type="hidden" name="k9" value="#D51920"/>
20 |             <input type="hidden" name="kt" value="h"/>
21 |             <input type="text" name="q" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search&hellip;" class="span2" style="margin-top: 4px;"/>
22 |             <input type="submit" value="DuckDuckGo Search" style="visibility: hidden;" />
23 |         </form>
24 |         <!-- End of custom search -->
25 |     """ % SITE_URL
26 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/css/colorbox.css:
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 1 | /*
 2 |     Colorbox Core Style:
 3 |     The following CSS is consistent between example themes and should not be altered.
 4 | */
 5 | #colorbox, #cboxOverlay, #cboxWrapper{position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:9999; overflow:hidden;}
 6 | #cboxWrapper {max-width:none;}
 7 | #cboxOverlay{position:fixed; width:100%; height:100%;}
 8 | #cboxMiddleLeft, #cboxBottomLeft{clear:left;}
 9 | #cboxContent{position:relative;}
10 | #cboxLoadedContent{overflow:auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;}
11 | #cboxTitle{margin:0;}
12 | #cboxLoadingOverlay, #cboxLoadingGraphic{position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%;}
13 | #cboxPrevious, #cboxNext, #cboxClose, #cboxSlideshow{cursor:pointer;}
14 | .cboxPhoto{float:left; margin:auto; border:0; display:block; max-width:none; -ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic;}
15 | .cboxIframe{width:100%; height:100%; display:block; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;}
16 | #colorbox, #cboxContent, #cboxLoadedContent{box-sizing:content-box; -moz-box-sizing:content-box; -webkit-box-sizing:content-box;}
17 | 
18 | /* 
19 |     User Style:
20 |     Change the following styles to modify the appearance of Colorbox.  They are
21 |     ordered & tabbed in a way that represents the nesting of the generated HTML.
22 | */
23 | #cboxOverlay{background:#000; opacity: 0.9; filter: alpha(opacity = 90);}
24 | #colorbox{outline:0;}
25 |     #cboxContent{margin-top:20px;background:#000;}
26 |         .cboxIframe{background:#fff;}
27 |         #cboxError{padding:50px; border:1px solid #ccc;}
28 |         #cboxLoadedContent{border:5px solid #000; background:#fff;}
29 |         #cboxTitle{position:absolute; top:-20px; left:0; color:#ccc;}
30 |         #cboxCurrent{position:absolute; top:-20px; right:0px; color:#ccc;}
31 |         #cboxLoadingGraphic{background:url(images/loading.gif) no-repeat center center;}
32 | 
33 |         /* these elements are buttons, and may need to have additional styles reset to avoid unwanted base styles */
34 |         #cboxPrevious, #cboxNext, #cboxSlideshow, #cboxClose {border:0; padding:0; margin:0; overflow:visible; width:auto; background:none; }
35 |         
36 |         /* avoid outlines on :active (mouseclick), but preserve outlines on :focus (tabbed navigating) */
37 |         #cboxPrevious:active, #cboxNext:active, #cboxSlideshow:active, #cboxClose:active {outline:0;}
38 |         
39 |         #cboxSlideshow{position:absolute; top:-20px; right:90px; color:#fff;}
40 |         #cboxPrevious{position:absolute; top:50%; left:5px; margin-top:-32px; background:url(images/controls.png) no-repeat top left; width:28px; height:65px; text-indent:-9999px;}
41 |         #cboxPrevious:hover{background-position:bottom left;}
42 |         #cboxNext{position:absolute; top:50%; right:5px; margin-top:-32px; background:url(images/controls.png) no-repeat top right; width:28px; height:65px; text-indent:-9999px;}
43 |         #cboxNext:hover{background-position:bottom right;}
44 |         #cboxClose{position:absolute; top:5px; right:5px; display:block; background:url(images/controls.png) no-repeat top center; width:38px; height:19px; text-indent:-9999px;}
45 |         #cboxClose:hover{background-position:bottom center;}
46 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/css/page.css:
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 1 | 
 2 | html, body {height: 100%;}
 3 | #id_copyright_div {position: relative !important;}
 4 | 
 5 | #tipue_search_input {
 6 |     margin-left: 36px !important;
 7 | }
 8 | .ui-dialog-titlebar-close span {
 9 |     margin-left: -8px !important;
10 |     margin-top: -8px !important;
11 | }
12 | 
13 | #id_feedback_container {
14 |     position: fixed;
15 |     left: 0;
16 |     top: 10%;
17 |     right: 0;
18 |     bottom: 0;
19 |     background-color: transparent;
20 |     z-index: 10;
21 | }
22 | 
23 | .floaty-iframe {
24 |     width: 100%;
25 |     height: 100%;
26 |     border: 0;
27 | }
28 | .hidden {
29 |     display: none;
30 | }
31 | 
32 | .fullscreen-main-navbar {
33 |     padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px;
34 | }
35 | 
36 | #id_logo {
37 |     height: 35px;
38 |     margin: 16px 0 8px 0;
39 | }
40 | 
41 | #header-container {
42 |     position: relative;
43 | }
44 | 
45 | .fullscreen-main-navbar {
46 |     background-color: #139FD7;
47 |     color: #FFFFFF;
48 |     font-size: 12px;
49 |     padding: 0;
50 | }
51 | 
52 | #id_header_links a {
53 |     color: #FFFFFF;
54 | }
55 | 
56 | #id_signup_link {
57 |     font-weight: bold;
58 | }
59 | 
60 | .extra-nav-content {
61 |     float: right;
62 | }
63 | 
64 | #tipue_search_content {
65 |     margin-left: auto !important;
66 |     margin-right: auto !important;
67 |     padding: 20px !important;
68 |     display:none;
69 | }
70 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-ar.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 |   language: Arabic (ar)
 4 |   translated by: A.Rhman Sayes
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 |   current: "الصورة {current} من {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "السابق",
 9 | 	next: "التالي",
10 | 	close: "إغلاق",
11 | 	xhrError: "حدث خطأ أثناء تحميل المحتوى.",
12 | 	imgError: "حدث خطأ أثناء تحميل الصورة.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "تشغيل العرض",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "إيقاف العرض"
15 | });
16 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-bg.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Bulgarian (bg)
 4 | 	translated by: Marian M.Bida
 5 | 	site: webmax.bg
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "изображение {current} от {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "предишна",
10 | 	next: "следваща",
11 | 	close: "затвори",
12 | 	xhrError: "Неуспешно зареждане на съдържанието.",
13 | 	imgError: "Неуспешно зареждане на изображението.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "пусни слайд-шоу",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "спри слайд-шоу"
16 | });
17 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-bn.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 | jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | language: Bengali (bn)
 4 | translated by: Arkaprava Majumder
 5 | http://github.com/arkaindas
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | current: "ছবি {current} এর {total}",
 9 | previous: "আগে",
10 | next: "পরে",
11 | close: "বন্ধ",
12 | xhrError: "এই কন্টেন্ট লোড করা যায়নি.",
13 | imgError: "এই ছবিটি লোড করা যায়নি.",
14 | slideshowStart: "স্লাইডশো শুরু",
15 | slideshowStop: "স্লাইডশো বন্ধ"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-ca.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Catala (ca)
 4 | 	translated by: eduard salla
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Imatge {current} de {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Anterior",
 9 | 	next: "Següent",
10 | 	close: "Tancar",
11 | 	xhrError: "Error en la càrrega del contingut.",
12 | 	imgError: "Error en la càrrega de la imatge."
13 | });
14 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-cs.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Czech (cs)
 4 | 	translated by: Filip Novak
 5 | 	site: mame.napilno.cz/filip-novak
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "{current}. obrázek z {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "Předchozí",
10 | 	next: "Následující",
11 | 	close: "Zavřít",
12 | 	xhrError: "Obsah se nepodařilo načíst.",
13 | 	imgError: "Obrázek se nepodařilo načíst.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "Spustit slideshow",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "Zastavit slideshow"
16 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-da.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Danish (da)
 4 | 	translated by: danieljuhl
 5 | 	site: danieljuhl.dk
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "Billede {current} af {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "Forrige",
10 | 	next: "Næste",
11 | 	close: "Luk",
12 | 	xhrError: "Indholdet fejlede i indlæsningen.",
13 | 	imgError: "Billedet fejlede i indlæsningen.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "Start slideshow",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "Stop slideshow"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-de.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: German (de)
 4 | 	translated by: wallenium
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Bild {current} von {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Zurück",
 9 | 	next: "Vor",
10 | 	close: "Schließen",
11 | 	xhrError: "Dieser Inhalt konnte nicht geladen werden.",
12 | 	imgError: "Dieses Bild konnte nicht geladen werden.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Slideshow starten",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Slideshow anhalten"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-es.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Spanish (es)
 4 | 	translated by: migolo
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Imagen {current} de {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Anterior",
 9 | 	next: "Siguiente",
10 | 	close: "Cerrar",
11 | 	xhrError: "Error en la carga del contenido.",
12 | 	imgError: "Error en la carga de la imagen."
13 | });
14 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-et.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Estonian (et)
 4 | 	translated by: keevitaja
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "{current}/{total}",
 8 | 	previous: "eelmine",
 9 | 	next: "järgmine",
10 | 	close: "sulge",
11 | 	xhrError: "Sisu ei õnnestunud laadida.",
12 | 	imgError: "Pilti ei õnnestunud laadida.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Käivita slaidid",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Peata slaidid"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-fa.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Persian (Farsi)
 4 | 	translated by: Mahdi Jaberzadeh Ansari (MJZSoft)
 5 | 	site: www.mjzsoft.ir
 6 | 	email: mahdijaberzadehansari (at) yahoo.co.uk
 7 | 	Please note : Persian language is right to left like arabic.
 8 | */
 9 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
10 | 	current: "تصویر {current} از {total}",
11 | 	previous: "قبلی",
12 | 	next: "بعدی",
13 | 	close: "بستن",
14 | 	xhrError: "متاسفانه محتویات مورد نظر قابل نمایش نیست.",
15 | 	imgError: "متاسفانه بارگذاری این عکس با مشکل مواجه شده است.",
16 | 	slideshowStart: "آغاز نمایش خودکار",
17 | 	slideshowStop: "توقف نمایش خودکار"
18 | });
19 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-fi.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Finnish (fi)
 4 | 	translated by: Mikko
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Kuva {current} / {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Edellinen",
 9 | 	next: "Seuraava",
10 | 	close: "Sulje",
11 | 	xhrError: "Sisällön lataaminen epäonnistui.",
12 | 	imgError: "Kuvan lataaminen epäonnistui.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Aloita kuvaesitys.",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Lopeta kuvaesitys."	
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-fr.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 |   language: French (fr)
 4 |   translated by: oaubert
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "image {current} sur {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente",
 9 | 	next: "suivante",
10 | 	close: "fermer",
11 | 	xhrError: "Impossible de charger ce contenu.",
12 | 	imgError: "Impossible de charger cette image.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "d&eacute;marrer la pr&eacute;sentation",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "arr&ecirc;ter la pr&eacute;sentation"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-gl.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Galician (gl)
 4 | 	translated by: donatorouco
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Imaxe {current} de {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Anterior",
 9 | 	next: "Seguinte",
10 | 	close: "Pechar",
11 | 	xhrError: "Erro na carga do contido.",
12 | 	imgError: "Erro na carga da imaxe."
13 | });
14 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-gr.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Greek (gr)
 4 | 	translated by: S.Demirtzoglou
 5 | 	site: webiq.gr
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "Εικόνα {current} από {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "Προηγούμενη",
10 | 	next: "Επόμενη",
11 | 	close: "Απόκρυψη",
12 | 	xhrError: "Το περιεχόμενο δεν μπόρεσε να φορτωθεί.",
13 | 	imgError: "Απέτυχε η φόρτωση της εικόνας.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "Έναρξη παρουσίασης",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "Παύση παρουσίασης"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-he.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Hebrew (he)
 4 | 	translated by: DavidCo
 5 | 	site: DavidCo.me
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "תמונה {current} מתוך {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "הקודם",
10 | 	next: "הבא",
11 | 	close: "סגור",
12 | 	xhrError: "שגיאה בטעינת התוכן.",
13 | 	imgError: "שגיאה בטעינת התמונה.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "התחל מצגת",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "עצור מצגת"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-hr.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Croatian (hr)
 4 | 	translated by: Mladen Bicanic (base.hr)
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Slika {current} od {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Prethodna",
 9 | 	next: "Sljedeća",
10 | 	close: "Zatvori",
11 | 	xhrError: "Neuspješno učitavanje sadržaja.",
12 | 	imgError: "Neuspješno učitavanje slike.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Pokreni slideshow",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Zaustavi slideshow"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-hu.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Hungarian (hu)
 4 | 	translated by: kovadani
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "{current}/{total} kép",
 8 | 	previous: "Előző",
 9 | 	next: "Következő",
10 | 	close: "Bezár",
11 | 	xhrError: "A tartalmat nem sikerült betölteni.",
12 | 	imgError: "A képet nem sikerült betölteni.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Diavetítés indítása",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Diavetítés leállítása"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-id.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Indonesian (id)
 4 | 	translated by: sarwasunda
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "ke {current} dari {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Sebelumnya",
 9 | 	next: "Berikutnya",
10 | 	close: "Tutup",
11 | 	xhrError: "Konten ini tidak dapat dimuat.",
12 | 	imgError: "Gambar ini tidak dapat dimuat.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Putar",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Berhenti"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-it.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Italian (it)
 4 | 	translated by: maur8ino
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Immagine {current} di {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Precedente",
 9 | 	next: "Successiva",
10 | 	close: "Chiudi",
11 | 	xhrError: "Errore nel caricamento del contenuto.",
12 | 	imgError: "Errore nel caricamento dell'immagine.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Inizia la presentazione",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Termina la presentazione"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-ja.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 |   language: Japanaese (ja)
 4 |   translated by: Hajime Fujimoto
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "{total}枚中{current}枚目",
 8 | 	previous: "前",
 9 | 	next: "次",
10 | 	close: "閉じる",
11 | 	xhrError: "コンテンツの読み込みに失敗しました",
12 | 	imgError: "画像の読み込みに失敗しました",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "スライドショー開始",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "スライドショー終了"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-kr.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Korean (kr)
 4 | 	translated by: lunareffect
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "총 {total} 중 {current}",
 8 | 	previous: "이전",
 9 | 	next: "다음",
10 | 	close: "닫기",
11 | 	xhrError: "컨텐츠를 불러오는 데 실패했습니다.",
12 | 	imgError: "이미지를 불러오는 데 실패했습니다.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "슬라이드쇼 시작",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "슬라이드쇼 중지"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-lt.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Lithuanian (lt)
 4 | 	translated by: Tomas Norkūnas
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Nuotrauka {current} iš {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Atgal",
 9 | 	next: "Pirmyn",
10 | 	close: "Uždaryti",
11 | 	xhrError: "Nepavyko užkrauti turinio.",
12 | 	imgError: "Nepavyko užkrauti nuotraukos.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Pradėti automatinę peržiūrą",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Sustabdyti automatinę peržiūrą"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-lv.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Latvian (lv)
 4 | 	translated by: Matiss Roberts Treinis
 5 |     site: x0.lv
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "attēls {current} no {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "iepriekšējais",
10 | 	next: "nākamais",
11 | 	close: "aizvērt",
12 | 	xhrError: "Neizdevās ielādēt saturu.",
13 | 	imgError: "Neizdevās ielādēt attēlu.",
14 |         slideshowStart: "sākt slaidrādi",
15 |         slideshowStop: "apturēt slaidrādi"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-my.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Myanmar (my)
 4 | 	translated by: Yan Naing
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 |   current: "ပုံ {total} မှာ {current} မြောက်ပုံ",
 8 | 	previous: "ရှေ့သို့",
 9 | 	next: "နောက်သို့",
10 | 	close: "ပိတ်မည်",
11 | 	xhrError: "ပါဝင်သော အကြောင်းအရာများ ဖော်ပြရာတွင် အနည်းငယ် ချို့ယွင်းမှုရှိနေပါသည်",
12 | 	imgError: "ပုံပြသရာတွင် အနည်းငယ် ချို့ယွင်းချက် ရှိနေပါသည်",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "ပုံများ စတင်ပြသမည်",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "ပုံပြသခြင်း ရပ်ဆိုင်မည်"
15 | });
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-nl.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Dutch (nl)
 4 | 	translated by: barryvdh
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Afbeelding {current} van {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Vorige",
 9 | 	next: "Volgende",
10 | 	close: "Sluiten",
11 | 	xhrError: "Deze inhoud kan niet geladen worden.",
12 | 	imgError: "Deze afbeelding kan niet geladen worden.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Diashow starten",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Diashow stoppen"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-no.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Norwegian (no)
 4 | 	translated by: lars-erik
 5 | 	site: markedspartner.no
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "Bilde {current} av {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "Forrige",
10 | 	next: "Neste",
11 | 	close: "Lukk",
12 | 	xhrError: "Feil ved lasting av innhold.",
13 | 	imgError: "Feil ved lasting av bilde.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "Start lysbildefremvisning",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "Stopp lysbildefremvisning"
16 | });
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-pl.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Polski (pl)
 4 | 	translated by: Tomasz Wasiński
 5 | 	site: 2bevisible.pl
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "{current}. obrazek z {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "Poprzedni",
10 | 	next: "Następny",
11 | 	close: "Zamknij",
12 | 	xhrError: "Nie udało się załadować treści.",
13 | 	imgError: "Nie udało się załadować obrazka.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "rozpocznij pokaz slajdów",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "zatrzymaj pokaz slajdów"
16 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-pt-BR.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR)
 4 | 	translated by: ReinaldoMT
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Imagem {current} de {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Anterior",
 9 | 	next: "Próxima",
10 | 	close: "Fechar",
11 | 	slideshowStart: "iniciar apresentação de slides",
12 | 	slideshowStop: "parar apresentação de slides",
13 | 	xhrError: "Erro ao carregar o conteúdo.",
14 | 	imgError: "Erro ao carregar a imagem."
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-ro.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |   jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 |   language: Romanian (ro)
 4 |   translated by: shurub3l
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "imagine {current} din {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "precedenta",
 9 | 	next: "următoarea",
10 | 	close: "închideți",
11 | 	xhrError: "Acest conținut nu poate fi încărcat.",
12 | 	imgError: "Această imagine nu poate fi încărcată",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "începeți prezentarea (slideshow)",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "opriți prezentarea (slideshow)"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-ru.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Russian (ru)
 4 | 	translated by: Marfa
 5 | 	site: themarfa.name
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 | 	current: "изображение {current} из {total}",
 9 | 	previous: "назад",
10 | 	next: "вперёд",
11 | 	close: "закрыть",
12 | 	xhrError: "Не удалось загрузить содержимое.",
13 | 	imgError: "Не удалось загрузить изображение.",
14 | 	slideshowStart: "начать слайд-шоу",
15 | 	slideshowStop: "остановить слайд-шоу"
16 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-si.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Slovenian (si)
 4 | 	translated by: Boštjan Pišler (pisler.si)
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Slika {current} od {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Prejšnja",
 9 | 	next: "Naslednja",
10 | 	close: "Zapri",
11 | 	xhrError: "Vsebine ni bilo mogoče naložiti.",
12 | 	imgError: "Slike ni bilo mogoče naložiti.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Zaženi prezentacijo",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Zaustavi prezentacijo"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-sk.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Slovak (sk)
 4 | 	translated by: Jaroslav Kostal
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "{current}. obrázok z {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Predchádzajúci",
 9 | 	next: "Následujúci",
10 | 	close: "Zatvoriť",
11 | 	xhrError: "Obsah sa nepodarilo načítať.",
12 | 	imgError: "Obrázok sa nepodarilo načítať.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Spustiť slideshow",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "zastaviť slideshow"
15 | });


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-sr.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /*
 2 |         jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 |         language: Serbian (sr)
 4 |         translated by: Sasa Stefanovic (baguje.com)
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 |         current: "Slika {current} od {total}",
 8 |         previous: "Prethodna",
 9 |         next: "Sledeća",
10 |         close: "Zatvori",
11 |         xhrError: "Neuspešno učitavanje sadržaja.",
12 |         imgError: "Neuspešno učitavanje slike.",
13 |         slideshowStart: "Pokreni slideshow",
14 |         slideshowStop: "Zaustavi slideshow"
15 | });
16 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-sv.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Swedish (sv)
 4 | 	translated by: Mattias Reichel
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "Bild {current} av {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "Föregående",
 9 | 	next: "Nästa",
10 | 	close: "Stäng",
11 | 	xhrError: "Innehållet kunde inte laddas.",
12 | 	imgError: "Den här bilden kunde inte laddas.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "Starta bildspel",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "Stoppa bildspel"
15 | });


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-tr.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Turkish (tr)
 4 | 	translated by: Caner ÖNCEL
 5 | 	site: egonomik.com
 6 | 	
 7 | 	edited by: Sinan Eldem
 8 | 	www.sinaneldem.com.tr
 9 | */
10 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
11 |   current: "Görsel {current} / {total}",
12 |   previous: "Önceki",
13 |   next: "Sonraki",
14 |   close: "Kapat",
15 |   xhrError: "İçerik yüklenirken hata meydana geldi.",
16 |   imgError: "Resim yüklenirken hata meydana geldi.",
17 |   slideshowStart: "Slaytı Başlat",
18 |   slideshowStop: "Slaytı Durdur"
19 | });
20 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-uk.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 |     jQuery ColorBox language configuration
 3 |     language: Ukrainian (uk)
 4 |     translated by: Andrew
 5 |     http://acisoftware.com.ua
 6 | */
 7 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 8 |     current: "зображення {current} з {total}",
 9 |     previous: "попереднє",
10 |     next: "наступне",
11 |     close: "закрити",
12 |     xhrError: "Не вдалося завантажити вміст.",
13 |     imgError: "Не вдалося завантажити зображення.",
14 |     slideshowStart: "почати слайд-шоу",
15 |     slideshowStop: "зупинити слайд-шоу"
16 | });


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-zh-CN.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Chinese Simplified (zh-CN)
 4 | 	translated by: zhao weiming
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "当前图像 {current} 总共 {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "前一页",
 9 | 	next: "后一页",
10 | 	close: "关闭",
11 | 	xhrError: "此内容无法加载",
12 | 	imgError: "此图片无法加载",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "开始播放幻灯片",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "停止播放幻灯片"
15 | });


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/colorbox-i18n/jquery.colorbox-zh-TW.js:
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 1 | /*
 2 | 	jQuery Colorbox language configuration
 3 | 	language: Chinese Traditional (zh-TW)
 4 | 	translated by: Atans Chiu
 5 | */
 6 | jQuery.extend(jQuery.colorbox.settings, {
 7 | 	current: "圖片 {current} 總共 {total}",
 8 | 	previous: "上一頁",
 9 | 	next: "下一頁",
10 | 	close: "關閉",
11 | 	xhrError: "此內容加載失敗.",
12 | 	imgError: "此圖片加載失敗.",
13 | 	slideshowStart: "開始幻燈片",
14 | 	slideshowStop: "結束幻燈片"
15 | });


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/google.js:
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 1 | 
 2 | (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
 3 |   (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
 4 |     m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
 5 | })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
 6 | 
 7 | ga('create', 'UA-18014859-11', 'auto');
 8 | ga('send', 'pageview');
 9 | 
10 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/js/pretty.js:
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1 | $('a.image-reference:not(.islink) img:not(.islink)').parent().colorbox(
2 |   {rel:"gal",maxWidth:"100%",maxHeight:"100%",scalePhotos:true}
3 | );
4 | moment.locale("${momentjs_locales[lang]}");
5 | fancydates(${date_fanciness}, ${js_date_format});
6 | 
7 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/bash_console_screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages/57d2f4a35ce74ad23f6f35614beb0381da3bbd25/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/bash_console_screenshot.png


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/bpython_screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages/57d2f4a35ce74ad23f6f35614beb0381da3bbd25/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/bpython_screenshot.png


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/editor_screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages/57d2f4a35ce74ad23f6f35614beb0381da3bbd25/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/editor_screenshot.png


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/ipython_screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages/57d2f4a35ce74ad23f6f35614beb0381da3bbd25/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/ipython_screenshot.png


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/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/python_screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages/57d2f4a35ce74ad23f6f35614beb0381da3bbd25/themes/pythonanywhere/assets/screenshots/python_screenshot.png


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/themes/pythonanywhere/bundles:
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1 | assets/css/all-nocdn.css=bootstrap.css,bootstrap-responsive.css,rst.css,code.css,colorbox.css,theme.css,custom.css
2 | assets/css/all.css=rst.css,code.css,colorbox.css,theme.css,custom.css
3 | assets/js/all-nocdn.js=jquery.min.js,bootstrap.min.js,jquery.colorbox-min.js,moment-with-locales.min.js,fancydates.js
4 | assets/js/all.js=jquery.colorbox-min.js,moment-with-locales.min.js,fancydates.js
5 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/engine:
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1 | mako
2 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/parent:
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1 | base
2 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/templates/base.tmpl:
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 1 | ## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 | <%namespace name="base" file="base_helper.tmpl" import="*" />
 3 | <%namespace name="notes" file="annotation_helper.tmpl" import="*" />
 4 | <%namespace name="pythonanywhere" file="pythonanywhere.tmpl" import="*" />
 5 | ${set_locale(lang)}
 6 | ${base.html_headstart()}
 7 | <%block name="extra_head">
 8 | ### Leave this block alone.
 9 | </%block>
10 | ${template_hooks['extra_head']()}
11 | </head>
12 | 
13 | 
14 | <body>
15 | 
16 | <!-- Menubar -->
17 | 
18 | ${pythonanywhere.header_html()}
19 | 
20 | <div class="container-fluid">
21 |     <div class="row">
22 |         <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
23 |             ${pythonanywhere.pa_logo()}
24 |             ${pythonanywhere.pa_search()}
25 |         </div>
26 |     </div>
27 | </div>
28 | 
29 | <!-- End of Menubar -->
30 | <div class="container-fluid" id="content" role="main">
31 |     <!--Body content-->
32 |     <div class="row">
33 |         <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
34 |             ${template_hooks['page_header']()}
35 |             <%block name="content"></%block>
36 |         </div>
37 |     </div>
38 | 
39 |     <!--End of body content-->
40 |     <div class="footerbox">
41 |         <div id="id_footer" class="container">
42 | 
43 |             <footer id="id_copyright_div">
44 |                 % if post and post.post_name != "articles/API":
45 |                     <p>
46 |                         <i>Want to improve this page?
47 |                             <a href="https://github.com/pythonanywhere/help_pages">Submit a pull request!</a></i>
48 |                     </p>
49 |                 % endif
50 |                 <p>
51 |                     <%
52 |                            from datetime import datetime
53 |                            %>
54 |                            Copyright &copy; 2011-${datetime.utcnow().year} <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/about/company_details/">PythonAnywhere LLP</a>
55 |                            &mdash;
56 |                            <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/terms/">Terms</a>
57 |                            &mdash;
58 |                            <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/privacy/">Privacy & Cookies</a><br/>
59 |                            "Python" is a registered trademark of the Python Software Foundation.
60 |                 </p>
61 |             </footer>
62 |         </div>
63 |         ${template_hooks['page_footer']()}
64 |     </div>
65 | </div>
66 | ${base.late_load_js()}
67 |     <script type="javascript" src="/assets/js/pretty.js"/>
68 |     <%block name="extra_js"></%block>
69 | ${pythonanywhere.late_load_javascript()}
70 | ${body_end}
71 | ${template_hooks['body_end']()}
72 | </body>
73 | </html>
74 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/templates/post.tmpl:
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 1 | ## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 | <%namespace name="helper" file="post_helper.tmpl"/>
 3 | <%namespace name="pheader" file="post_header.tmpl"/>
 4 | <%namespace name="comments" file="comments_helper.tmpl"/>
 5 | <%inherit file="base.tmpl"/>
 6 | 
 7 | <%block name="extra_head">
 8 |     ${parent.extra_head()}
 9 |     % if post.meta('keywords'):
10 |     <meta name="keywords" content="${post.meta('keywords')|h}">
11 |     % endif
12 |     %if post.description():
13 |     <meta name="description" itemprop="description" content="${post.description()}">
14 |     %endif
15 |     <meta name="author" content="${post.author()}">
16 |     %if post.prev_post:
17 |         <link rel="prev" href="${post.prev_post.permalink()}" title="${post.prev_post.title()|h}" type="text/html">
18 |     %endif
19 |     %if post.next_post:
20 |         <link rel="next" href="${post.next_post.permalink()}" title="${post.next_post.title()|h}" type="text/html">
21 |     %endif
22 |     % if post.is_draft:
23 |         <meta name="robots" content="noindex">
24 |     % endif
25 |     ${helper.open_graph_metadata(post)}
26 |     ${helper.twitter_card_information(post)}
27 |     ${helper.meta_translations(post)}
28 | </%block>
29 | 
30 | <%block name="content">
31 | <article class="post-${post.meta('type')} h-entry hentry postpage" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article">
32 |     ${pheader.html_post_header()}
33 |     <div class="e-content entry-content" itemprop="articleBody text">
34 |     ${post.text()}
35 |     </div>
36 |     <aside class="postpromonav">
37 |     <nav>
38 |     ${helper.html_tags(post)}
39 |     ${helper.html_pager(post)}
40 |     </nav>
41 |     </aside>
42 |     % if not post.meta('nocomments') and site_has_comments:
43 |         <section class="comments hidden-print">
44 |         <h2>${messages("Comments")}</h2>
45 |         ${comments.comment_form(post.permalink(absolute=True), post.title(), post._base_path)}
46 |         </section>
47 |     % endif
48 |     ${helper.mathjax_script(post)}
49 | </article>
50 | ${comments.comment_link_script()}
51 | </%block>
52 | 
53 | <%block name="sourcelink">
54 | % if show_sourcelink:
55 |     <li>
56 |     <a href="${post.source_link()}" id="sourcelink">${messages("Source")}</a>
57 |     </li>
58 | % endif
59 | </%block>
60 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/templates/pythonanywhere.tmpl:
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 1 | ## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 | 
 3 | <%def name="extra_css()">
 4 |   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i" />
 5 |   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/help.css">
 6 | 
 7 |   <link href="/assets/css/page.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
 8 | </%def>
 9 | 
10 | <%def name="header_html()">
11 |     <nav class="navbar top-nav">
12 |         <div class="container-fluid">
13 |             <div class="row">
14 |                 <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
15 |                     <ul id="id_header_links" class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
16 |                         <li><a id="id_forums_link" class="btn-link" href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/forums/">Forums</a></li>
17 |                         <li><a id="id_help_link" class="btn-link" href="/">Help</a></li>
18 |                         <li><a href="//blog.pythonanywhere.com/" class="btn-link" id="id_blog_link">Blog</a></li>
19 |                         <li><a href="//www.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/" class="btn-link" id="id_signup_link">Pricing & signup</a></li>
20 |                         <li><a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/login/" class="btn-link" id="id_login_link">Log in</a></li>
21 |                     </ul>
22 |                 </div>
23 |             </div>
24 |         </div>
25 |     </nav>
26 | </%def>
27 | 
28 | <%def name="pa_search()">
29 |     <div class="extra-nav-content">
30 |         ### Leave this block alone.
31 |         %if search_form:
32 |             ${search_form}
33 |         %endif
34 |     </div>
35 |     <div id="tipue_search_content"></div>
36 | </%def>
37 | 
38 | <%def name="pa_logo()">
39 |     <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/"><img id="id_logo" src="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/static/anywhere/images/PA-logo.svg" title="PythonAnywhere logo" alt="PythonAnywhere logo"></a>
40 | </%def>
41 | 
42 | 
43 | <%def name="late_load_javascript()">
44 |   ## Note: we use a newer jquery ui here to be compatible with the jquery
45 |   ## that is used by the search
46 |   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.11.3/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
47 | </%def>
48 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/templates/slides.tmpl:
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 1 | <%block name="content">
 2 | <div id="${carousel_id}" class="carousel slide">
 3 |     <ol class="carousel-indicators">
 4 |     % for i in range(len(slides_content)):
 5 |         % if i == 0:
 6 |             <li data-target="#${carousel_id}" data-slide-to="${i}" class="active"></li>
 7 |         % else:
 8 |             <li data-target="#${carousel_id}" data-slide-to="${i}"></li>
 9 |         % endif
10 |     % endfor
11 |     </ol>
12 |     <div class="carousel-inner">
13 |         % for i, image in enumerate(slides_content):
14 |             % if i == 0:
15 |                 <div class="item active"><img src="${image}" alt="" style="margin: 0 auto 0 auto;"></div>
16 |             % else:
17 |                 <div class="item"><img src="${image}" alt="" style="margin: 0 auto 0 auto;"></div>
18 |             % endif
19 |         % endfor
20 |     </div>
21 |     <a class="left carousel-control" href="#${carousel_id}" data-slide="prev">&lsaquo;</a>
22 |     <a class="right carousel-control" href="#${carousel_id}" data-slide="next">&rsaquo;</a>
23 | </div>
24 | </%block>
25 | 


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/themes/pythonanywhere/templates/tags.tmpl:
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 1 | ## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 | <%inherit file="base.tmpl"/>
 3 | 
 4 | <%block name="content">
 5 | <h1>${title}</h1>
 6 | % if cat_items:
 7 |     % if items:
 8 |         <h2>${messages("Categories")}</h2>
 9 |     % endif
10 |     % for text, full_name, path, link, indent_levels, indent_change_before, indent_change_after in cat_hierarchy:
11 |         % for i in range(indent_change_before):
12 |             <ul class="unstyled">
13 |         % endfor
14 |         <li><a class="reference badge" href="${link}">${text}</a>
15 |         % if indent_change_after <= 0:
16 |             </li>
17 |         % endif
18 |         % for i in range(-indent_change_after):
19 |             </ul>
20 |             % if i + 1 < len(indent_levels):
21 |                 </li>
22 |             % endif
23 |         % endfor
24 |     % endfor
25 |     % if items:
26 |         <h2>${messages("Tags")}</h2>
27 |     % endif
28 | %endif
29 | % if items:
30 |     <ul class="list-inline">
31 |     % for text, link in items:
32 |         % if text not in hidden_tags:
33 |             <li><a class="reference badge" href="${link}">${text}</a></li>
34 |         % endif
35 |     % endfor
36 |     </ul>
37 | % endif
38 | </%block>
39 | 


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