）
133 | if (stat(path, &st) == -1) {
134 | //假如访问的网页不存在，则不断的读取剩下的请求头信息，并丢弃即可
135 | while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
136 | numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
137 | //最后声明网页不存在
138 | not_found(client);
139 | }
140 | else
141 | {
142 | //如果访问的网页存在则进行处理
143 | if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)//S_IFDIR代表目录
144 | //如果路径是个目录，那就将主页进行显示
145 | strcat(path, "/index.html");
146 | if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
147 | (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
148 | (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) )
149 | //S_IXUSR:文件所有者具可执行权限
150 | //S_IXGRP:用户组具可执行权限
151 | //S_IXOTH:其他用户具可读取权限
152 | cgi = 1;
153 | if (!cgi)
154 | //将静态文件返回
155 | serve_file(client, path);
156 | else
157 | //执行cgi动态解析
158 | execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
159 |
160 | }
161 |
162 | close(client);//因为http是面向无连接的，所以要关闭
163 | return NULL;
164 | }
165 |
166 | /**********************************************************************/
167 | /* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem.
168 | * Parameters: client socket */
169 | /**********************************************************************/
170 | void bad_request(int client)
171 | {
172 | char buf[1024];
173 | //发送400
174 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n");
175 | send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
176 | sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
177 | send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
178 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
179 | send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
180 | sprintf(buf, "Your browser sent a bad request, ");
181 | send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
182 | sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n");
183 | send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
184 | }
185 |
186 | /**********************************************************************/
187 | /* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket. This function
188 | * is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been
189 | * easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat").
190 | * Parameters: the client socket descriptor
191 | * FILE pointer for the file to cat */
192 | /**********************************************************************/
193 | void cat(int client, FILE *resource)
194 | {
195 | //发送文件的内容
196 | char buf[1024];
197 | //读取文件到buf中
198 | fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
199 | while (!feof(resource))//判断文件是否读取到末尾
200 | {
201 | //读取并发送文件内容
202 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
203 | fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
204 | }
205 | }
206 |
207 | /**********************************************************************/
208 | /* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed.
209 | * Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */
210 | /**********************************************************************/
211 | void cannot_execute(int client)
212 | {
213 | char buf[1024];
214 | //发送500
215 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n");
216 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
217 | sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
218 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
219 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
220 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
221 | sprintf(buf, "
Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n");
222 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
223 | }
224 |
225 | /**********************************************************************/
226 | /* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based
227 | * on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the
228 | * program indicating an error. */
229 | /**********************************************************************/
230 | void error_die(const char *sc)
231 | {
232 | perror(sc);
233 | exit(1);
234 | }
235 |
236 | /**********************************************************************/
237 | /* Execute a CGI script. Will need to set environment variables as
238 | * appropriate.
239 | * Parameters: client socket descriptor
240 | * path to the CGI script */
241 | /**********************************************************************/
242 | //执行cgi动态解析
243 | void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path,
244 | const char *method, const char *query_string)
245 | {
246 | char buf[1024];
247 | int cgi_output[2];//声明的读写管道，切莫被名称给忽悠，会给出图进行说明
248 | int cgi_input[2];//
249 | pid_t pid;
250 | int status;
251 | int i;
252 | char c;
253 | int numchars = 1;
254 | int content_length = -1;
255 |
256 | buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
257 | if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
258 | //如果是GET请求
259 | //读取并且丢弃头信息
260 | while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))
261 | numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
262 | else
263 | {
264 | //处理的请求为POST
265 | numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
266 | while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))
267 | {//循环读取头信息找到Content-Length字段的值
268 | buf[15] = '\0';//目的是为了截取Content-Length:
269 |
270 | if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0)
271 | //"Content-Length: 15"
272 | content_length = atoi(&(buf[16]));//获取Content-Length的值
273 | numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
274 | }
275 | if (content_length == -1) {
276 | //错误请求
277 | bad_request(client);
278 | return;
279 | }
280 | }
281 | //返回正确响应码200
282 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
283 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
284 | //#include
285 | //int pipe(int filedes[2]);
286 | //返回值：成功，返回0，否则返回-1。参数数组包含pipe使用的两个文件的描述符。fd[0]:读管道，fd[1]:写管道。
287 | //必须在fork()中调用pipe()，否则子进程不会继承文件描述符。
288 | //两个进程不共享祖先进程，就不能使用pipe。但是可以使用命名管道。
289 | //pipe(cgi_output)执行成功后，cgi_output[0]:读通道 cgi_output[1]:写通道，这就是为什么说不要被名称所迷惑
290 | if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) {
291 | cannot_execute(client);
292 | return;
293 | }
294 | if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) {
295 | cannot_execute(client);
296 | return;
297 | }
298 |
299 | if ( (pid = fork()) < 0 ) {
300 | cannot_execute(client);
301 | return;
302 | }
303 | //fork出一个子进程运行cgi脚本
304 | if (pid == 0) /* 子进程: 运行CGI 脚本 */
305 | {
306 | char meth_env[255];
307 | char query_env[255];
308 | char length_env[255];
309 |
310 | dup2(cgi_output[1], 1);//1代表着stdout，0代表着stdin，将系统标准输出重定向为cgi_output[1]
311 | dup2(cgi_input[0], 0);//将系统标准输入重定向为cgi_input[0]，这一点非常关键，
312 | //cgi程序中用的是标准输入输出进行交互
313 | close(cgi_output[0]);//关闭了cgi_output中的读通道
314 | close(cgi_input[1]);//关闭了cgi_input中的写通道
315 | //CGI标准需要将请求的方法存储环境变量中，然后和cgi脚本进行交互
316 | //存储REQUEST_METHOD
317 | sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method);
318 | putenv(meth_env);
319 | if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) {
320 | //存储QUERY_STRING
321 | sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string);
322 | putenv(query_env);
323 | }
324 | else { /* POST */
325 | //存储CONTENT_LENGTH
326 | sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length);
327 | putenv(length_env);
328 | }
329 | // 表头文件#include
330 | // 定义函数
331 | // int execl(const char * path,const char * arg,....);
332 | // 函数说明
333 | // execl()用来执行参数path字符串所代表的文件路径，接下来的参数代表执行该文件时传递过去的argv(0)、argv[1]……，最后一个参数必须用空指针(NULL)作结束。
334 | // 返回值
335 | // 如果执行成功则函数不会返回，执行失败则直接返回-1，失败原因存于errno中。
336 | execl(path, path, NULL);//执行CGI脚本
337 | exit(0);
338 | } else { /* 父进程 */
339 | close(cgi_output[1]);//关闭了cgi_output中的写通道，注意这是父进程中cgi_output变量和子进程要区分开
340 | close(cgi_input[0]);//关闭了cgi_input中的读通道
341 | if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
342 | for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) {
343 | //开始读取POST中的内容
344 | recv(client, &c, 1, 0);
345 | //将数据发送给cgi脚本
346 | write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1);
347 | }
348 | //读取cgi脚本返回数据
349 | while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0)
350 | //发送给浏览器
351 | send(client, &c, 1, 0);
352 | //运行结束关闭
353 | close(cgi_output[0]);
354 | close(cgi_input[1]);
355 | //定义函数：pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int * status, int options);
356 | //函数说明：waitpid()会暂时停止目前进程的执行, 直到有信号来到或子进程结束.
357 | //如果在调用wait()时子进程已经结束, 则wait()会立即返回子进程结束状态值. 子进程的结束状态值会由参数status 返回,
358 | //而子进程的进程识别码也会一快返回.
359 | //如果不在意结束状态值, 则参数status 可以设成NULL. 参数pid 为欲等待的子进程识别码, 其他数值意义如下：
360 | //1、pid<-1 等待进程组识别码为pid 绝对值的任何子进程.
361 | //2、pid=-1 等待任何子进程, 相当于wait().
362 | //3、pid=0 等待进程组识别码与目前进程相同的任何子进程.
363 | //4、pid>0 等待任何子进程识别码为pid 的子进程.
364 | waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
365 | }
366 | }
367 |
368 | /**********************************************************************/
369 | /* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline,
370 | * carriage return, or a CRLF combination. Terminates the string read
371 | * with a null character. If no newline indicator is found before the
372 | * end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null. If any of
373 | * the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the
374 | * string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a
375 | * null character.
376 | * Parameters: the socket descriptor
377 | * the buffer to save the data in
378 | * the size of the buffer
379 | * Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */
380 | /**********************************************************************/
381 | //解析一行http报文
382 | int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
383 | {
384 | int i = 0;
385 | char c = '\0';
386 | int n;
387 |
388 | while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n'))
389 | {
390 | n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
391 | /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
392 | if (n > 0)
393 | {
394 | if (c == '\r')
395 | {
396 | n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
397 | /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
398 | if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n'))
399 | recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
400 | else
401 | c = '\n';
402 | }
403 | buf[i] = c;
404 | i++;
405 | }
406 | else
407 | c = '\n';
408 | }
409 | buf[i] = '\0';
410 |
411 | return(i);
412 | }
413 |
414 | /**********************************************************************/
415 | /* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */
416 | /* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on
417 | * the name of the file */
418 | /**********************************************************************/
419 | void headers(int client, const char *filename)
420 | {
421 | char buf[1024];
422 | (void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */
423 | //发送HTTP头
424 | strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
425 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
426 | strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING);
427 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
428 | sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
429 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
430 | strcpy(buf, "\r\n");
431 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
432 | }
433 |
434 | /**********************************************************************/
435 | /* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */
436 | /**********************************************************************/
437 | void not_found(int client)
438 | {
439 | char buf[1024];
440 | //返回404
441 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
442 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
443 | sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
444 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
445 | sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
446 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
447 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
448 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
449 | sprintf(buf, "Not Found\r\n");
450 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
451 | sprintf(buf, "The server could not fulfill\r\n");
452 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
453 | sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");
454 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
455 | sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
456 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
457 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
458 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
459 | }
460 |
461 | /**********************************************************************/
462 | /* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report
463 | * errors to client if they occur.
464 | * Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket
465 | * file descriptor
466 | * the name of the file to serve */
467 | /**********************************************************************/
468 | //将请求的文件发送回浏览器客户端
469 | void serve_file(int client, const char *filename)
470 | {
471 | FILE *resource = NULL;
472 | int numchars = 1;
473 | char buf[1024];
474 | buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';//这个赋值不清楚是干什么的
475 | while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) //将HTTP请求头读取并丢弃
476 | numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
477 | //打开文件
478 | resource = fopen(filename, "r");
479 | if (resource == NULL)
480 | //如果文件不存在，则返回not_found
481 | not_found(client);
482 | else
483 | {
484 | //添加HTTP头
485 | headers(client, filename);
486 | //并发送文件内容
487 | cat(client, resource);
488 | }
489 | fclose(resource);//关闭文件句柄
490 | }
491 |
492 | /**********************************************************************/
493 | /* This function starts the process of listening for web connections
494 | * on a specified port. If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a
495 | * port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual
496 | * port.
497 | * Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on
498 | * Returns: the socket */
499 | /**********************************************************************/
500 | //启动服务端
501 | int startup(u_short *port)
502 | {
503 | int httpd = 0;
504 | struct sockaddr_in name;
505 | //设置http socket
506 | httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
507 | if (httpd == -1)
508 | error_die("socket");
509 | memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name));
510 | name.sin_family = AF_INET;
511 | name.sin_port = htons(*port);
512 | name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
513 | //绑定端口
514 | if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)
515 | error_die("bind");
516 | if (*port == 0) /*动态分配一个端口 */
517 | {
518 | socklen_t namelen = sizeof(name);
519 | if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)
520 | error_die("getsockname");
521 | *port = ntohs(name.sin_port);
522 | }
523 | //监听连接
524 | if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)
525 | error_die("listen");
526 | return(httpd);
527 | }
528 |
529 | /**********************************************************************/
530 | /* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been
531 | * implemented.
532 | * Parameter: the client socket */
533 | /**********************************************************************/
534 | void unimplemented(int client)
535 | {
536 | char buf[1024];
537 | //发送501说明相应方法没有实现
538 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
539 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
540 | sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
541 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
542 | sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
543 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
544 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
545 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
546 | sprintf(buf, "
Method Not Implemented\r\n");
547 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
548 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
549 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
550 | sprintf(buf, "HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
551 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
552 | sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
553 | send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
554 | }
555 |
556 | /**********************************************************************/
557 |
558 | int main(void)
559 | {
560 | int server_sock = -1;
561 | u_short port = 0;
562 | int client_sock = -1;
563 | struct sockaddr_in client_name;
564 | socklen_t client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
565 | pthread_t newthread;
566 | //启动server socket
567 | server_sock = startup(&port);
568 |
569 | printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
570 |
571 | while (1)
572 | {
573 | //接受客户端连接
574 | client_sock = accept(server_sock,
575 | (struct sockaddr *)&client_name,
576 | &client_name_len);
577 | if (client_sock == -1)
578 | error_die("accept");
579 | /*启动线程处理新的连接 */
580 | if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, accept_request, (void*)&client_sock) != 0)
581 | perror("pthread_create");
582 | }
583 | //关闭server socket
584 | close(server_sock);
585 |
586 | return(0);
587 | }
588 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007
3 |
4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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121 | is widely used among developers working in that language.
122 |
123 | The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
124 | than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
125 | packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
126 | Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
127 | Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
128 | implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
129 | "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
130 | (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
131 | (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
132 | produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
133 |
134 | The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
135 | the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
136 | work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
137 | control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
138 | System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
139 | programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
140 | which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
141 | includes interface definition files associated with source files for
142 | the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
143 | linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
144 | such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
145 | subprograms and other parts of the work.
146 |
147 | The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
148 | can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
149 | Source.
150 |
151 | The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
152 | same work.
153 |
154 | 2. Basic Permissions.
155 |
156 | All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
157 | copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
158 | conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
159 | permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
160 | covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
161 | content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
162 | rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
163 |
164 | You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
165 | convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
166 | in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
167 | of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
168 | with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
169 | the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
170 | not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
171 | for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
172 | and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
173 | your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
174 |
175 | Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
176 | the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
177 | makes it unnecessary.
178 |
179 | 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
180 |
181 | No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
182 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
183 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
184 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
185 | measures.
186 |
187 | When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
188 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
189 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
190 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
191 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
192 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
193 | technological measures.
194 |
195 | 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
196 |
197 | You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
198 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
199 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
200 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
201 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
202 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
203 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
204 |
205 | You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
206 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
207 |
208 | 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
209 |
210 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
213 |
214 | a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
215 | it, and giving a relevant date.
216 |
217 | b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
218 | released under this License and any conditions added under section
219 | 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
220 | "keep intact all notices".
221 |
222 | c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
223 | License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
224 | License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
225 | additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
226 | regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
227 | permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
228 | invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
229 |
230 | d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
231 | Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
232 | interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
233 | work need not make them do so.
234 |
235 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
241 | beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
243 | parts of the aggregate.
244 |
245 | 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
246 |
247 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
250 | in one of these ways:
251 |
252 | a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
253 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
254 | Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
255 | customarily used for software interchange.
256 |
257 | b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
258 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
259 | written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
260 | long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
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262 | copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
263 | product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
264 | medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
265 | more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
266 | conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
267 | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
268 |
269 | c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
270 | written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
271 | alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
272 | only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
273 | with subsection 6b.
274 |
275 | d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
276 | place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
277 | Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
278 | further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
279 | Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
280 | copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
281 | may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
282 | that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
283 | clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
284 | Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
285 | Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
286 | available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
287 |
288 | e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
289 | you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
290 | Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
291 | charge under subsection 6d.
292 |
293 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 | included in conveying the object code work.
296 |
297 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 | the only significant mode of use of the product.
309 |
310 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 | modification has been made.
317 |
318 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 | been installed in ROM).
328 |
329 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 | protocols for communication across the network.
336 |
337 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 | unpacking, reading or copying.
342 |
343 | 7. Additional Terms.
344 |
345 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions.
353 |
354 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
360 |
361 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
364 |
365 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
367 |
368 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or
371 |
372 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
374 | reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
375 |
376 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
377 | authors of the material; or
378 |
379 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
381 |
382 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
383 | material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
384 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 | those licensors and authors.
387 |
388 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying.
397 |
398 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 | where to find the applicable terms.
402 |
403 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 | the above requirements apply either way.
406 |
407 | 8. Termination.
408 |
409 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 | paragraph of section 11).
414 |
415 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation.
421 |
422 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 | your receipt of the notice.
428 |
429 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 | material under section 10.
434 |
435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
436 |
437 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
445 |
446 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
447 |
448 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
452 |
453 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
462 |
463 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
470 |
471 | 11. Patents.
472 |
473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
476 |
477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 | this License.
486 |
487 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version.
491 |
492 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 | patent against the party.
498 |
499 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 |
513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 |
521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 |
540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 |
552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 |
554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 |
563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author}
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname}
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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