├── .github └── workflows │ └── test.yaml ├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── gpl-3.0.txt ├── pidunu.c └── test ├── bin ├── reaping.py ├── return_code.py ├── signals.py └── sigterm.py ├── dependencies.txt └── test_term.py /.github/workflows/test.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: Test 2 | 3 | on: 4 | pull_request: 5 | push: 6 | branches: 7 | - master 8 | 9 | jobs: 10 | test: 11 | strategy: 12 | matrix: 13 | os: [ubuntu-latest] 14 | python-version: ["3.11"] 15 | 16 | runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }} 17 | 18 | services: 19 | docker: 20 | image: docker:dind 21 | options: --privileged 22 | volumes: 23 | - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro 24 | 25 | steps: 26 | - name: Checkout 27 | uses: actions/checkout@v4 28 | - uses: actions/setup-python@v4 29 | with: 30 | python-version: 3.11 31 | 32 | - name: Pull docker image 33 | run: docker pull python:alpine 34 | 35 | - name: Install dependencies 36 | run: | 37 | python -m pip install -r ./test/dependencies.txt 38 | 39 | - name: Test 40 | run: | 41 | make test 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pidunu 2 | pidunu_dbg 3 | ve_pidunu/ 4 | *.pyc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Pidunu - A trivial init system for use in docker containers. 2 | Copyright (C) 2015 Radu Ciorba 3 | 4 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 5 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 6 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 7 | any later version. 8 | 9 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 10 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 11 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 12 | GNU General Public License for more details. 13 | 14 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 15 | along with this program. If not, see . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .PHONY : clean test 2 | 3 | all: build 4 | 5 | build: pidunu 6 | 7 | debug: pidunu_dbg 8 | 9 | pidunu: pidunu.c 10 | -gcc -Wall -std=c99 -o pidunu pidunu.c -static 11 | 12 | pidunu_dbg: pidunu.c 13 | -gcc -g -D_DEBUG -Wall -std=c99 -o pidunu_dbg pidunu.c -static 14 | 15 | test: debug 16 | py.test -vv --capture=no test/ 17 | 18 | clean: 19 | -rm *.o 20 | 21 | check-syntax: 22 | -gcc -Wall -std=c99 -o /dev/null -S ${CHK_SOURCES} 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Pidunu - a trivial init process, for use in Docker containers. 2 | [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rciorba/pidunu.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rciorba/pidunu) 3 | 4 | ### How to use it 5 | Simply add pidunu to all your docker containers, and make it run your desired command: 6 | 7 | CMD ["/path/to/my/binary", "arg1", "arg2"] 8 | becomes 9 | ADD pidunu /usr/bin/pidunu 10 | CMD ["/usr/bin/pidunu", "/path/to/my/binary", "arg1", "arg2"] 11 | 12 | ### What does pidunu do? 13 | Pidunu does one thing and one thing only: it will start one process, and reap 14 | any children untill the spawned child exits, at wich point it will exit as well. 15 | Since "docker stop" sends a sigterm to the process it spawned in the container, 16 | Pidunu is wellbehaved and passes along SIGTERM to the spawned child. 17 | 18 | ### Can it manage multiple processes? 19 | No. Run an actual init daemon or look at something like supervisord to use 20 | together with pidunu. 21 | 22 | ### Why is this useful? 23 | Basically to avoid zombie processes in your containers. 24 | 25 | Any process that exits, still gets tracked by the kernel until it's parrent 26 | calls wait (called reaping). This ensures the parent can find out about the return 27 | code of exited subprocesses. Untill reaping happens the process is said to be in a 28 | Zombie state. 29 | 30 | If your process spawns a child process, and that process spawns it's own children 31 | and exits before they terminate, those children are inherited by PID1. 32 | On *nixe PID1 has the special responsibillity of calling wait on any ingerited child. 33 | When using Docker, whatever command you specified as the entry point will be the 34 | first one spawned thus becoming PID1 for your container. 35 | 36 | I sugest you read this great explanation: 37 | http://blog.phusion.nl/2015/01/20/docker-and-the-pid-1-zombie-reaping-problem/ 38 | 39 | ### Is this a stable/mature project? 40 | This is definitely not a mature project, however there are tests and I use it 41 | in a couple of places and it seems to do the job quite well. 42 | The whole thing is just under 90 lines of vanilla C code which you can review 43 | for yourself. 44 | 45 | ### Building from source 46 | 47 | make 48 | 49 | The resulting executable is statically linked for maximum portabillity. 50 | 51 | ### Running the tests 52 | The tests are written using the pytest framework and the docker python bindings. 53 | It's recommended you setup a virtualenv to install the python dependencies to 54 | ensure you don't mess up your system's python packages. 55 | 56 | If you don't have virtualenv installed follow the instructions here: 57 | https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/installation.html 58 | 59 | virtualenv ve_pidunu 60 | source ve_pidunu/bin/activate 61 | pip install -r test/dependencies.txt 62 | 63 | Now that we have installed the python dependencies we can run the tests like so: 64 | 65 | make test # this also compiles the debug target for us 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /gpl-3.0.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pidunu.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #define _POSIX_SOURCE 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | 11 | #ifdef _DEBUG 12 | #define DEBUG 1 13 | #else 14 | #define DEBUG 0 15 | #endif 16 | 17 | #define debug_print(fmt, ...) \ 18 | do { \ 19 | if (DEBUG) { \ 20 | fprintf(stderr, "%d:pidunu:", getpid()); \ 21 | fprintf(stderr, fmt, __VA_ARGS__); \ 22 | fflush(NULL); \ 23 | } \ 24 | } while (0) 25 | 26 | pid_t g_child_pid = 0; 27 | 28 | void sig_handler(int signo) { 29 | /* debug_print("sig_handler:%d\n", signo); */ 30 | if (g_child_pid > 1) { 31 | kill(g_child_pid, signo); 32 | } 33 | signal(signo, sig_handler); // re-registr the signal 34 | } 35 | 36 | void register_signal(int signo, const char* signame){ 37 | if (signal(signo, sig_handler) == SIG_ERR) { 38 | debug_print("failed to setup %s; errno: %d", signame, errno); 39 | exit(-2); 40 | }; 41 | } 42 | 43 | void setup_signals(pid_t child_pid) { 44 | g_child_pid = child_pid; 45 | register_signal(SIGABRT, "SIGABRT"); 46 | register_signal(SIGALRM, "SIGALRM"); 47 | register_signal(SIGBUS, "SIGBUS"); 48 | /* if we have an inherited child die, don't send SIGCHLD to the spawned child 49 | register_signal(SIGCHLD, "SIGCHLD"); 50 | register_signal(SIGCLD, "SIGCLD"); */ 51 | register_signal(SIGCONT, "SIGCONT"); 52 | register_signal(SIGFPE, "SIGFPE"); 53 | register_signal(SIGHUP, "SIGHUP"); 54 | register_signal(SIGILL, "SIGILL"); 55 | register_signal(SIGINT, "SIGINT"); 56 | register_signal(SIGIO, "SIGIO"); 57 | /* register_signal(SIGIOT, "SIGIOT"); same as SIGABRT */ 58 | register_signal(SIGPIPE, "SIGPIPE"); 59 | /* register_signal(SIGPOLL, "SIGPOLL"); same as SIGIO*/ 60 | register_signal(SIGPROF, "SIGPROF"); 61 | register_signal(SIGPWR, "SIGPWR"); 62 | register_signal(SIGQUIT, "SIGQUIT"); 63 | register_signal(SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV"); 64 | register_signal(SIGSTKFLT, "SIGSTKFLT"); 65 | /* register_signal(SIGSTOP, "SIGSTOP"); can't be caught*/ 66 | register_signal(SIGSYS, "SIGSYS"); 67 | register_signal(SIGTERM, "SIGTERM"); 68 | register_signal(SIGTRAP, "SIGTRAP"); 69 | register_signal(SIGTSTP, "SIGTSTP"); 70 | register_signal(SIGTTIN, "SIGTTIN"); 71 | register_signal(SIGTTOU, "SIGTTOU"); 72 | /* register_signal(SIGUNUSED, "SIGUNUSED"); same as SIGSYS*/ 73 | register_signal(SIGURG, "SIGURG"); 74 | register_signal(SIGUSR1, "SIGUSR1"); 75 | register_signal(SIGUSR2, "SIGUSR2"); 76 | register_signal(SIGVTALRM, "SIGVTALRM"); 77 | register_signal(SIGWINCH, "SIGWINCH"); 78 | register_signal(SIGXCPU, "SIGXCPU"); 79 | register_signal(SIGXFSZ, "SIGXFSZ"); 80 | } 81 | 82 | int pid_one(pid_t child_pid) { 83 | int status; 84 | pid_t pid; 85 | debug_print("%s\n", "pid_one"); 86 | setup_signals(child_pid); 87 | while(1) { 88 | pid = wait(&status); 89 | if (pid == child_pid) { 90 | // the spawned child just terminated 91 | debug_print("child_died: %d\n", pid); 92 | return WEXITSTATUS(status); 93 | } 94 | if(DEBUG) // will get optimized away by the compiler 95 | if(pid!=-1) // ignore we might have no children in a suitable state 96 | debug_print("reaped_orphan: %d\n", pid); 97 | } 98 | return 256; 99 | } 100 | 101 | void execute(int argc, char** argv) { 102 | if (argc <= 1) 103 | return; 104 | char* cmd = argv[1]; 105 | char** args = argv+1; 106 | debug_print("exec: %s\n", cmd); 107 | if (execvp(cmd, args) == -1) { 108 | fprintf(stderr, "failed to exec %s, errno is %d\n", cmd, errno); 109 | } 110 | } 111 | 112 | int main(int argc, char** argv) { 113 | debug_print("%s", "main\n"); 114 | pid_t pid = fork(); 115 | if (pid < 0) { 116 | fprintf(stderr, "failed to fork, errno: %d\n", errno); 117 | return EX_OSERR; 118 | } else if (pid > 0) { 119 | debug_print("child_pid: %d\n", pid); 120 | return pid_one(pid); 121 | } else if (pid == 0) { 122 | debug_print("fork=>0: %d\n", getpid()); 123 | execute(argc, argv); 124 | return EX_OSERR; // program should have called exec and we should never get here 125 | } 126 | return 255; // if we reach this we messed up somehow 127 | } 128 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/bin/reaping.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ spawns 3 processes to test reaping 2 | |--> child1 - sleeps for 3 seconds 3 | |--> child2 - prints message and dies 4 | |--> child3 - sleeps for 1 second and dies 5 | """ 6 | from __future__ import print_function 7 | 8 | from os import fork, getpid 9 | from sys import exit # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin 10 | from time import sleep 11 | 12 | 13 | def child3(): 14 | sleep(.15) 15 | print("{}:child3 is done".format(getpid())) 16 | 17 | 18 | def child2(): 19 | pid = fork() 20 | if pid == 0: 21 | child3() 22 | elif pid > 1: 23 | pass 24 | else: 25 | exit(-1) 26 | 27 | 28 | def child1(): 29 | pid = fork() 30 | if pid == 0: 31 | child2() 32 | elif pid > 1: 33 | sleep(.3) 34 | else: 35 | exit(-1) 36 | 37 | 38 | if __name__ == "__main__": 39 | child1() 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/bin/return_code.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import sys 2 | 3 | sys.exit(42) 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/bin/signals.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from __future__ import print_function 2 | 3 | import os 4 | import re 5 | import signal 6 | import sys 7 | from time import sleep 8 | 9 | 10 | def sighandler(name, signo): 11 | def handler(signo, _frame): 12 | sys.stdout.write("{}:signals:{}:{}\n".format(os.getpid(), name, signo)) 13 | sys.stdout.flush() 14 | signal.signal(signo, handler) 15 | 16 | 17 | def child1(): 18 | sys.stdout.write("{}:signals:start\n".format(os.getpid())) 19 | sys.stdout.flush() 20 | signame_re = re.compile("^SIG[A-Z0-9]+$") 21 | blacklist = ( 22 | "SIGSTOP", "SIGKILL", # can't be registered 23 | "SIGRTMIN", "SIGRTMAX", # max and min for posix realtime signals 24 | "SIGIOT", # duplicate of SIGABRT 25 | "SIGPOLL", # duplicate of SIGIO 26 | "SIGCHLD", "SIGCLD", # pidunu will not pass these on 27 | ) 28 | signals = [(name, getattr(signal, name)) for name in dir(signal) 29 | if signame_re.match(name) and name not in blacklist] 30 | signals += [("SIGSTKFLT", 16), ] 31 | for name, signo in signals: 32 | sighandler(name, signo) 33 | while True: 34 | sleep(1) 35 | 36 | 37 | if __name__ == "__main__": 38 | child1() 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/bin/sigterm.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ prints message on sigterm 2 | """ 3 | from __future__ import print_function 4 | 5 | import os 6 | import sys 7 | import signal 8 | from time import sleep 9 | 10 | 11 | def sigterm(_signal, _frame): 12 | sys.stdout.write("{}:term_py:SIGTERM\n".format(os.getpid())) 13 | sys.stdout.flush() 14 | sys.exit(0) 15 | 16 | 17 | def child1(): 18 | sys.stdout.write("{}:term_py:start\n".format(os.getpid())) 19 | sys.stdout.flush() 20 | signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigterm) 21 | while True: 22 | sleep(1) 23 | 24 | 25 | if __name__ == "__main__": 26 | child1() 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/dependencies.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | docker==7.1.0 2 | pytest==8.3.4 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/test_term.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from __future__ import print_function 2 | 3 | from collections import defaultdict 4 | from time import sleep 5 | import os 6 | import signal 7 | import re 8 | 9 | import docker 10 | import pytest 11 | 12 | 13 | CONTAINER_PYTHON_PATH = "/usr/local/bin/python" 14 | 15 | 16 | class StreamHandler(object): 17 | def __init__(self, client, container): 18 | self.client = client 19 | self.container = container 20 | self.stream = container.attach(stdout=True, stderr=True, logs=True, stream=True) 21 | 22 | def wait(self, regexp=None): 23 | for line in self.stream: 24 | line = line.decode('utf8') 25 | if regexp is not None and regexp.match(line): 26 | break 27 | 28 | def split_logs_by_pid(self): 29 | """Parse the log lines and split by pid. 30 | Re-fetches the logs to avoid mixed lines in the stream. 31 | """ 32 | logs = self.container.attach( 33 | stdout=True, stderr=True, logs=True, stream=False) 34 | logs_by_pid = defaultdict(list) 35 | for line in logs.splitlines(): 36 | line = line.decode('utf8') 37 | pid, msg = line.split(":", 1) 38 | logs_by_pid[int(pid)].append(msg) 39 | return dict(logs_by_pid) 40 | 41 | 42 | @pytest.fixture 43 | def container_fixture(request): 44 | docker_url = os.getenv('DOCKER_URL', 'unix://var/run/docker.sock') 45 | docker_image = os.getenv('DOCKER_IMAGE', 'python:alpine') 46 | bind_mount = os.getenv('BIND_MOUNT_PATH', os.getcwd()) 47 | func_name = request.function.__name__.replace("test_", "", 1) 48 | test_bin = f'/code/pidunu_dbg {CONTAINER_PYTHON_PATH} /code/test/bin/{func_name}.py' 49 | client = docker.DockerClient(base_url=docker_url, version='auto') 50 | container = client.containers.create( 51 | image=docker_image, 52 | detach=True, 53 | # volumes=['/code/'], 54 | volumes = {bind_mount: {'bind': '/code/', 'mode': 'ro'}}, 55 | command=test_bin, 56 | name="snowflake", 57 | ) 58 | request.addfinalizer( 59 | lambda: container.remove(force=True) 60 | ) 61 | container.start() 62 | return client, container 63 | 64 | 65 | def test_sigterm(container_fixture): 66 | """ Tests starting and stopping a container. 67 | 68 | Starts a container running a python program that prints 69 | to stdout any time it recieves a SIGTERM. 70 | 71 | Asserts that init passes SIGTERM to the child process, 72 | and that the child is reaped as expected. 73 | """ 74 | client, container = container_fixture 75 | stream = StreamHandler(client, container) 76 | stream.wait(re.compile(r"\d+:term_py:start\n")) 77 | container.stop(timeout=1) 78 | stream.wait() 79 | logs = stream.split_logs_by_pid() 80 | p1_logs = logs[1] 81 | child_pid = int(p1_logs[1].rsplit(":", 1)[-1]) 82 | expected = {} 83 | expected[1] = [ 84 | "pidunu:main", 85 | "pidunu:child_pid: {}".format(child_pid), 86 | "pidunu:pid_one", 87 | # "pidunu:sig_handler:{}".format(signal.SIGTERM), 88 | "pidunu:child_died: {}".format(child_pid), 89 | ] 90 | expected[child_pid] = [ 91 | "pidunu:fork=>0: {}".format(child_pid), 92 | f"pidunu:exec: {CONTAINER_PYTHON_PATH}", 93 | "term_py:start", 94 | "term_py:SIGTERM", 95 | ] 96 | assert logs == expected 97 | 98 | 99 | def test_reaping(container_fixture): 100 | """ Tests reaping of other inherited children. 101 | 102 | Starts a container running a python program that spawns a 103 | process tree 3 layers deep. 104 | |--> child1 - sleeps for 2 seconds 105 | |--> child2 - prints message and dies 106 | |--> child3 - sleeps for 1 second and dies 107 | 108 | Asserts that init reaps orphaned process child3. 109 | """ 110 | stream = StreamHandler(*container_fixture) 111 | stream.wait() 112 | logs = stream.split_logs_by_pid() 113 | p1_logs = logs[1] 114 | child_pid = int(p1_logs[1].rsplit(":", 1)[-1]) 115 | expected = {} 116 | expected[1] = [ 117 | "pidunu:main", 118 | "pidunu:child_pid: {}".format(child_pid), 119 | "pidunu:pid_one", 120 | "pidunu:reaped_orphan: {}".format(child_pid+2), 121 | "pidunu:child_died: {}".format(child_pid), 122 | ] 123 | expected[child_pid] = [ 124 | "pidunu:fork=>0: {}".format(child_pid), 125 | f"pidunu:exec: {CONTAINER_PYTHON_PATH}", 126 | ] 127 | expected[child_pid+2] = [ 128 | "child3 is done", 129 | ] 130 | assert logs == expected 131 | 132 | 133 | def test_signals(container_fixture): 134 | """ Tests signal handling. 135 | """ 136 | client, container = container_fixture 137 | stream = StreamHandler(client, container) 138 | stream.wait(re.compile(r"\d+:signals:start\n")) 139 | signame_re = re.compile("^SIG[A-Z0-9]+$") 140 | expected_child_output = [] 141 | blacklist = ( 142 | "SIGSTOP", "SIGKILL", # can't be registered 143 | "SIGRTMIN", "SIGRTMAX", # max and min for posix realtime signals 144 | "SIGIOT", # duplicate of SIGABRT 145 | "SIGPOLL", # duplicate of SIGIO 146 | "SIGCHLD", "SIGCLD", # pidunu will not pass these on 147 | ) 148 | signals = [(name, getattr(signal, name)) for name in dir(signal) 149 | if signame_re.match(name) and name not in blacklist] 150 | signals += [("SIGSTKFLT", 16), ] 151 | for name, signo in signals: 152 | expected_line = "signals:{}:{}".format(name, signo) 153 | expected_child_output.append(expected_line) 154 | container.kill(signo) 155 | stream.wait(re.compile(".*"+expected_line)) 156 | logs = stream.split_logs_by_pid() 157 | p1_logs = logs[1] 158 | child_pid = int(p1_logs[1].rsplit(":", 1)[-1]) 159 | expected = [ 160 | "pidunu:fork=>0: {}".format(child_pid), 161 | f"pidunu:exec: {CONTAINER_PYTHON_PATH}", 162 | "signals:start", 163 | ] + expected_child_output 164 | assert logs[child_pid] == expected 165 | 166 | 167 | def test_return_code(container_fixture): 168 | """ Test return code is proxied correctly. 169 | """ 170 | client, container = container_fixture 171 | assert container.wait().get("StatusCode") == 42 172 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------