├── release.sh ├── pyproject.toml ├── .github └── workflows │ ├── stale.yml │ ├── dependency-review.yml │ └── codeql.yml ├── utils.py ├── README.md ├── query.py └── LICENSE /release.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | rm -r dist src/xenopy.egg-info/ 2 | python -m build 3 | twine upload dist/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyproject.toml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [build-system] 2 | requires = ["setuptools>=42"] 3 | build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/stale.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: "Close stale issues" 2 | on: 3 | schedule: 4 | - cron: "30 13 * * *" 5 | 6 | jobs: 7 | stale: 8 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 9 | steps: 10 | - uses: actions/stale@v4 11 | with: 12 | repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 13 | days-before-stale: 60 14 | days-before-close: 7 15 | stale-issue-message: 'This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.' 16 | stale-issue-label: 'stale' 17 | 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /utils.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from typing import List 2 | 3 | 4 | def average(L, n) -> List[int]: 5 | """ 6 | average the list the most possible 7 | """ 8 | if (L / n) == int(L / n): 9 | k = int(L / n) 10 | ans = [k] * n 11 | else: 12 | k = int(L / n) 13 | a = L - k * n 14 | ans = [k + 1] * a + [k] * (n - a) 15 | return ans 16 | 17 | 18 | def chunks(lst, n): 19 | """Yield successive n-sized chunks from lst.""" 20 | to_return = [] 21 | num_list = average(len(lst), n) 22 | offset = 0 23 | for num in num_list: 24 | to_return.append(lst[offset : offset + num]) 25 | offset += num 26 | return to_return 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/dependency-review.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Dependency Review Action 2 | # 3 | # This Action will scan dependency manifest files that change as part of a Pull Reqest, surfacing known-vulnerable versions of the packages declared or updated in the PR. Once installed, if the workflow run is marked as required, PRs introducing known-vulnerable packages will be blocked from merging. 4 | # 5 | # Source repository: https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action 6 | # Public documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/supply-chain-security/understanding-your-software-supply-chain/about-dependency-review#dependency-review-enforcement 7 | name: 'Dependency Review' 8 | on: [pull_request] 9 | 10 | permissions: 11 | contents: read 12 | 13 | jobs: 14 | dependency-review: 15 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 16 | steps: 17 | - name: 'Checkout Repository' 18 | uses: actions/checkout@v3 19 | - name: 'Dependency Review' 20 | uses: actions/dependency-review-action@v1 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/codeql.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need 2 | # to commit it to your repository. 3 | # 4 | # You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed, 5 | # or to provide custom queries or build logic. 6 | # 7 | # ******** NOTE ******** 8 | # We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check 9 | # the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of 10 | # supported CodeQL languages. 11 | # 12 | name: "CodeQL" 13 | 14 | on: 15 | push: 16 | branches: [ app ] 17 | pull_request: 18 | # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above 19 | branches: [ app ] 20 | schedule: 21 | - cron: '32 11 * * 1' 22 | 23 | jobs: 24 | analyze: 25 | name: Analyze 26 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 27 | permissions: 28 | actions: read 29 | contents: read 30 | security-events: write 31 | 32 | strategy: 33 | fail-fast: false 34 | matrix: 35 | language: [ 'python' ] 36 | # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python', 'ruby' ] 37 | # Learn more about CodeQL language support at https://aka.ms/codeql-docs/language-support 38 | 39 | steps: 40 | - name: Checkout repository 41 | uses: actions/checkout@v3 42 | 43 | # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning. 44 | - name: Initialize CodeQL 45 | uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2 46 | with: 47 | languages: ${{ matrix.language }} 48 | # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file. 49 | # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file. 50 | # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file. 51 | # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main 52 | 53 | # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages (C/C++, C#, or Java). 54 | # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below) 55 | - name: Autobuild 56 | uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2 57 | 58 | # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell. 59 | # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun 60 | 61 | # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines 62 | # and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project 63 | # uses a compiled language 64 | 65 | #- run: | 66 | # make bootstrap 67 | # make release 68 | 69 | - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis 70 | uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2 71 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # XenoPy 2 | ![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/xenopy?color=df)  3 | ![GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/license/realzza/xenopy?color=%23FFB6C1)  4 | ![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/realzza/xenopy?color=orange)  5 | ![GitHub top language](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/top/realzza/xenopy?color=%236495ed)  6 | [![CodeFactor](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/realzza/xenopy/badge)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/realzza/xenopy)  7 | [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/442515920.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/442515920) 8 | 9 | **`XenoPy`** is a python library that builds upon [xeno-canto API 2.0](https://xeno-canto.org/article/153). 10 | 11 | ## Install 12 | Install from `pip`. 13 | ```bash 14 | pip install xenopy 15 | ``` 16 | Checkout the [**birdData**](https://github.com/realzza/xenopy/tree/birdData) branch to implement XenoPy from source. (ps: birdData is the former name of XenoPy) 17 | 18 | 19 | ## Usage Snippet 20 | You can directly search for bird data for a specific species. For instance, we retrieve data for [*African Silverbill*](https://xeno-canto.org/species/Euodice-cantans) whom's `quality` better than `C` since `2020-01-01`. 21 | ```python 22 | from xenopy import Query 23 | 24 | q = Query(name="African silverbill", q_gt="C", since="2020-01-01") 25 | ``` 26 | 27 | ### Retrieve Metafiles 28 | ```python 29 | # retrieve metadata 30 | metafiles = q.retrieve_meta(verbose=True) 31 | ``` 32 | 33 | ### Retrieve Recordings 34 | ```python 35 | # retrieve recordings 36 | q.retrieve_recordings(multiprocess=True, nproc=10, attempts=10, outdir="datasets/") 37 | ``` 38 | The retrieved recordings will be located in `datasets/`, organized by bird species names. 39 | 40 | The default downloading mode is single-threaded. `multiprocess` flag controls the usage of multiple downloading processes. `nproc` is only applicable when the `multiprocess` flag is on. The saving directory can be specified at `outDir`. 41 | 42 | Two files will be generated while running `retrieve_recordings`, `kill_multiprocess.sh`, and `failed.txt`. To interrupt multiprocess data retrieval, one can run `bash kill_multiprocess.sh` in the terminal. 'failed.txt' contains recordings that failed the retrieval, if any. The two files will be removed automatically removed after downloading finishes. `failed.txt` will preserve if not empty so that you can check the failed recordings out. 43 | 44 | ## Define a `Query` 45 | As you can tell from the [Usage Snippet](#Usage-Snippet), defining a query is the most important step in communicating with the API. We determined the following interface to form a query based on the xeno-canto [search tips](https://xeno-canto.org/help/search). 46 | ```markdown 47 | name: Species Name. Specify the name of bird you intend to retrieve data from. Both English names and Latin names are acceptable. 48 | gen: Genus. Genus is part of a species' latin name, so it is searched by default when performing a basic search (as mentioned above). 49 | ssp: subspecies 50 | rec: recordist. Search for all recordings from a particular recordist. 51 | cnt: country. Search for all recordings from a particular country. 52 | loc: location. Search for all recordings from a specific location. 53 | rmk: remarks. Many recordists leave remarks about the recording,and this field can be searched using the rmk tag. For example, rmk:playback will return a list of recordings for which the recordist left a comment about the use of playback. This field accepts a 'matches' operator. 54 | lat: latitude. 55 | lon: longtitude 56 | box: search for recordings that occur within a given rectangle. The general format of the box tag is as follows: box:LAT_MIN,LON_MIN,LAT_MAX,LON_MAX. Note that there must not be any spaces between the coordinates. 57 | also: To search for recordings that have a given species in the background. 58 | type: Search for recordings of a particular sound type, e.g., type='song' 59 | nr: number. To search for a known recording number, use the nr tag: for example nr:76967. You can also search for a range of numbers as nr:88888-88890. 60 | lc: license. 61 | q: quality ratings. 62 | q_lt: quality ratings less than 63 | q_gt: quality ratings better than 64 | Usage Examples: 65 | Recordings are rated by quality. Quality ratings range from A (highest quality) to E (lowest quality). To search for recordings that match a certain quality rating, use the q, q_lt, and q_gt tags. For example: 66 | - q:A will return recordings with a quality rating of A. 67 | - q:0 search explicitly for unrated recordings 68 | - q_lt:C will return recordings with a quality rating of D or E. 69 | - q_gt:C will return recordings with a quality rating of B or A. 70 | len: recording length control parameter. 71 | len_lt: recording length less than 72 | len_gt: recording length greater than 73 | Usage Examples: 74 | len:10 will return recordings with a duration of 10 seconds (with a margin of 1%, so actually between 9.9 and 10.1 seconds) 75 | len:10-15 will return recordings lasting between 10 and 15 seconds. 76 | len_lt:30 will return recordings half a minute or shorter in length. 77 | len_gt:120 will return recordings longer than two minutes in length. 78 | area: continents. Valid values for this tag: africa, america, asia, australia, europe. 79 | since: 80 | Usage Examples: 81 | - since=3, since the past three days 82 | - since=YYYY-MM-DD, since the particular date 83 | year: year 84 | month: month. year and month tags allow you to search for recordings that were recorded on a certain date. 85 | ``` 86 | 87 | ## Citation 88 | If `XenoPy` is helpful in your project or research in any form, you can cite this software as the following 89 | ```bibtex 90 | @software{ziang_zhou_2022_6545294, 91 | author = {Ziang Zhou}, 92 | title = {realzza/xenopy: XenoPy v0.0.4}, 93 | month = may, 94 | year = 2022, 95 | publisher = {Zenodo}, 96 | version = {v0.0.4}, 97 | doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6545294}, 98 | url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6545294} 99 | } 100 | ``` 101 | 102 | ## Update History 103 | 104 | :tada: [**v0.0.4**](https://pypi.org/project/xenopy/0.0.4/) 105 | - Support Query by bird `name`. 106 | - Cut inessential processes in query traffic. 107 | - Optimized query assignment strategy in recording retrieval. 108 | 109 | ## todo 110 | - [x] create query object for single species, containing features like 111 | - [x] retrieve metedata 112 | - [x] retrieve bird songs 113 | - [x] add multiprocessing downloading feature 114 | 115 | ## Open Source 116 | The first generation of `xenocanto` [package](https://github.com/ntivirikin/xeno-canto-py) is hard to use also inefficient. Thus I wrapped the [2.0 API](https://xeno-canto.org/article/153) version in a more straightforward and efficient interface. 117 | Feel free to file an issue had you encountered any bugs, or prompt a PR to `XenoPy` to join me in maintenance and optimization. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /query.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import argparse 2 | import json 3 | import os 4 | from urllib import error, request 5 | 6 | from multiprocess import Process 7 | from tqdm import tqdm 8 | 9 | from utils import chunks 10 | 11 | params = [ 12 | "gen", 13 | "ssp", 14 | "rec", 15 | "cnt", 16 | "loc", 17 | "rmk", 18 | "lat", 19 | "lon", 20 | "box", 21 | "also", 22 | "rec_type", 23 | "nr", 24 | "lic", 25 | "q", 26 | "q_lt", 27 | "q_gt", 28 | "length", 29 | "len_lt", 30 | "len_gt", 31 | "area", 32 | "since", 33 | "year", 34 | "month", 35 | ] 36 | 37 | 38 | class Query: 39 | def __init__( 40 | self, 41 | name=None, 42 | gen=None, 43 | ssp=None, 44 | rec=None, 45 | cnt=None, 46 | loc=None, 47 | rmk=None, 48 | lat=None, 49 | lon=None, 50 | box=None, 51 | also=None, 52 | rec_type=None, 53 | nr=None, 54 | lic=None, 55 | q=None, 56 | q_lt=None, 57 | q_gt=None, 58 | length=None, 59 | len_lt=None, 60 | len_gt=None, 61 | area=None, 62 | since=None, 63 | year=None, 64 | month=None, 65 | ): 66 | """ 67 | params: 68 | name: Can search for bird name directly. str 69 | gen: Genus. Genus is part of a species' latin name, so it is searched by default when performing a basic search (as mentioned above). 70 | ssp: subspecies 71 | rec: recordist. Search for all recordings from a particular recordist. 72 | cnt: country. Search for all recordings from a particular country. 73 | loc: location. Search for all recordings from a specific location. 74 | rmk: remarks. Many recordists leave remarks about the recording,and this field can be searched using the rmk tag. For example, rmk:playback will return a list of recordings for which the recordist left a comment about the use of playback. This field accepts a 'matches' operator. 75 | lat: latitude. 76 | lon: longtitude 77 | box: search for recordings that occur within a given rectangle. The general format of the box tag is as follows: box:LAT_MIN,LON_MIN,LAT_MAX,LON_MAX. Note that there must not be any spaces between the coordinates. 78 | also: To search for recordings that have a given species in the background. 79 | rec_type: Search for recordings of a particular sound type, e.g., rec_type='song' 80 | nr: number. To search for a known recording number, use the nr tag: for example nr:76967. You can also search for a range of numbers as nr:88888-88890. 81 | lc: license. 82 | q: quality ratings. 83 | q_lt: quality ratings less than 84 | q_gt: quality ratings better than 85 | Usage Examples: 86 | Recordings are rated by quality. Quality ratings range from A (highest quality) to E (lowest quality). To search for recordings that match a certain quality rating, use the q, q_lt, and q_gt tags. For example: 87 | - q:A will return recordings with a quality rating of A. 88 | - q:0 search explicitly for unrated recordings 89 | - q_lt:C will return recordings with a quality rating of D or E. 90 | - q_gt:C will return recordings with a quality rating of B or A. 91 | length: recording length control parameter. 92 | len_lt: recording length less than 93 | len_gt: recording length greater than 94 | Usage Examples: 95 | length:10 will return recordings with a duration of 10 seconds (with a margin of 1%, so actually between 9.9 and 10.1 seconds) 96 | length:10-15 will return recordings lasting between 10 and 15 seconds. 97 | len_lt:30 will return recordings half a minute or shorter in length. 98 | len_gt:120 will return recordings longer than two minutes in length. 99 | area: continents. Valid values for this tag: africa, america, asia, australia, europe. 100 | since: 101 | Usage Examples: 102 | - since=3, since the past three days 103 | - since=YYYY-MM-DD, since the particular date 104 | year: year 105 | month: month. year and month tags allow you to search for recordings that were recorded on a certain date. 106 | """ 107 | 108 | self.args = {} 109 | if name: 110 | self.args["name"] = name.replace(" ", "%20") 111 | self.args["gen"] = gen 112 | self.args["ssp"] = ssp 113 | self.args["rec"] = rec 114 | self.args["cnt"] = cnt 115 | self.args["loc"] = loc 116 | self.args["rmk"] = rmk 117 | self.args["lat"] = lat 118 | self.args["lon"] = lon 119 | self.args["box"] = box 120 | self.args["also"] = also 121 | self.args["type"] = rec_type 122 | self.args["nr"] = nr 123 | self.args["lic"] = lic 124 | self.args["q"] = q 125 | self.args["q_lt"] = q_lt 126 | self.args["q_gt"] = q_gt 127 | self.args["len"] = length 128 | self.args["len_lt"] = len_lt 129 | self.args["len_gt"] = len_gt 130 | self.args["area"] = area 131 | self.args["since"] = since 132 | self.args["year"] = year 133 | self.args["month"] = month 134 | 135 | query_options = {k: v for k, v in self.args.items() if v} 136 | assert query_options, "empty query, please add query options" 137 | if name: 138 | del self.args["gen"], self.args["ssp"] 139 | self.query = "%20".join( 140 | ["%s:%s" % (k, v) for k, v in query_options.items()] 141 | ).replace("name:", "") 142 | self.args = query_options 143 | print("query:", self.query.replace("%20", " ")) 144 | 145 | def _get_args(self): 146 | return self.args 147 | 148 | def _init_dir(self, d): 149 | os.makedirs(d, exist_ok=True) 150 | 151 | def retrieve_meta(self, recordings_only=False, verbose=False, attempts=10): 152 | """ 153 | params: 154 | recordings_only: [Default:False] return metadata of recordings only 155 | verbose: [Default:False] flag to show query during metadata retrieval 156 | attempts: [Default:10] sometimes url requests may fail, upper threshold for reattempts. 157 | 158 | return: 159 | data_all: [dict] containing all metafiles from the query. 160 | """ 161 | 162 | query_content = self.query 163 | print("... retrieving metadata ...") 164 | 165 | page, page_num = 1, 1 166 | 167 | data_all = {} 168 | while page < page_num + 1: 169 | url = ( 170 | "https://www.xeno-canto.org/api/2/recordings?query={0}&page={1}".format( 171 | query_content, page 172 | ) 173 | ) 174 | n_attempts = 0 175 | while n_attempts < attempts: 176 | try: 177 | if verbose: 178 | print(url) 179 | r = request.urlopen(url) # nosec 180 | break 181 | except error.HTTPError as e: 182 | n_attempts += 1 183 | if n_attempts == attempts: 184 | print("An error has occurred: " + str(e)) 185 | print("Bad query: %s" % query_content) 186 | 187 | data = json.loads(r.read().decode("UTF-8")) 188 | if not data_all: 189 | data_all = data 190 | else: 191 | data_all["recordings"] += data["recordings"] 192 | page_num = data["numPages"] 193 | page += 1 194 | 195 | del data_all["page"] 196 | del data_all["numPages"] 197 | data_all["numRecordings"] = len(data_all["recordings"]) 198 | if recordings_only: 199 | return data_all["recordings"] 200 | return data_all 201 | 202 | def retrieve_recordings( 203 | self, multiprocess=False, nproc=5, attempts=10, outdir="datasets/" 204 | ): 205 | """ 206 | params: 207 | multiprocess: [Default:False] use multiprocess in recordings retrieval. 208 | nproc: [Default:5] number of processes 209 | attempts: [Default:10] upper threshold for reattempts. 210 | outdir: [Default:datasets/] output directory of retrieved recordings. Categorized by species name. 211 | """ 212 | outdir = outdir.rstrip("/") + "/" 213 | self._init_dir(outdir) 214 | if not multiprocess: 215 | all_recordings = self.retrieve_meta(recordings_only=True) 216 | all_recordings = [rec for rec in all_recordings if rec["file"]] 217 | 218 | downloaded = [] 219 | problematic_urls = [] 220 | for curr_rec in tqdm(all_recordings, desc="process %d" % os.getpid()): 221 | 222 | url = curr_rec["file"] 223 | name = (curr_rec["en"]).replace(" ", "") 224 | track_id = curr_rec["id"] 225 | 226 | audio_path = outdir + name + "/" 227 | audio_file = str(track_id) + ".mp3" 228 | 229 | if not os.path.exists(audio_path): 230 | os.makedirs(audio_path, exist_ok=True) 231 | 232 | n_attempts = 0 233 | while n_attempts < attempts: 234 | try: 235 | request.urlretrieve(url, audio_path + audio_file) # nosec 236 | downloaded.append(url) 237 | break 238 | except error.HTTPError as e: 239 | n_attempts += 1 240 | if url and (n_attempts == attempts): 241 | print("Bad url: %s" % url) 242 | problematic_urls.append(url) 243 | 244 | # return downloaded, problematic_urls 245 | 246 | if multiprocess: 247 | self.__multi_dl(nproc=nproc, attempts=attempts, outdir=outdir) 248 | 249 | def __single_dl(self, pid, all_recordings, attempts=10, outdir="datasets/"): 250 | isFirst = True 251 | downloaded = [] 252 | problematic_urls = [] 253 | for curr_rec in tqdm(all_recordings, desc="process %d" % os.getpid()): 254 | if isFirst: 255 | with open("kill_multiprocess.sh", "a") as f: 256 | f.write("kill -9 %d\n" % os.getpid()) 257 | isFirst = False 258 | url = curr_rec["file"] 259 | name = (curr_rec["en"]).replace(" ", "") 260 | track_id = curr_rec["id"] 261 | 262 | audio_path = outdir + name + "/" 263 | audio_file = str(track_id) + ".mp3" 264 | 265 | if not os.path.exists(audio_path): 266 | os.makedirs(audio_path, exist_ok=True) 267 | 268 | n_attempts = 0 269 | while n_attempts < attempts: 270 | try: 271 | request.urlretrieve(url, audio_path + audio_file) # nosec 272 | downloaded.append(url) 273 | break 274 | except error.HTTPError as e: 275 | n_attempts += 1 276 | if url and (n_attempts == attempts): 277 | print("Bad url: %s" % url) 278 | with open("failed.txt", "a") as f: 279 | f.write(url + "\n") 280 | problematic_urls.append(url) 281 | 282 | def __multi_dl(self, nproc=5, attempts=10, outdir="datasets/"): 283 | 284 | all_recordings = self.retrieve_meta(recordings_only=True) 285 | if all_recordings: 286 | gen = all_recordings[0]["gen"] 287 | sp = all_recordings[0]["sp"] 288 | assert ( 289 | len(all_recordings) != 0 290 | ), "No recordings for this bird species are recorded." 291 | all_recordings = [rec for rec in all_recordings if rec["file"]] 292 | 293 | assert ( 294 | len(all_recordings) != 0 295 | ), f"Recordings of this species are currently restricted due to conservation concerns. If you would like access to this recording, you may contact the recordist directly. See more details at https://xeno-canto.org/species/{gen}-{sp}" 296 | 297 | with open("kill_multiprocess.sh", "w") as f: 298 | f.write("") 299 | with open("failed.txt", "w") as f: 300 | f.write("") 301 | 302 | nproc = min(len(all_recordings), nproc) 303 | recording_packs = list(chunks(all_recordings, nproc)) 304 | 305 | worker_pool = [] 306 | 307 | for i in range(nproc): 308 | p = Process( 309 | target=self.__single_dl, args=(i, recording_packs[i], attempts, outdir) 310 | ) 311 | p.start() 312 | worker_pool.append(p) 313 | 314 | for p in worker_pool: 315 | p.join() 316 | 317 | self.__clean_up() 318 | print("... finished ...") 319 | 320 | def __clean_up(self): 321 | os.remove("kill_multiprocess.sh") 322 | with open("failed.txt", "r") as f: 323 | content = f.read() 324 | if not content: 325 | os.remove("failed.txt") 326 | else: 327 | print("... Some encountered failure to download, saved at failed.txt ...") 328 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, 15 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to 16 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free 17 | software for all its users. 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Patents. 472 | 473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 476 | 477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . --------------------------------------------------------------------------------