├── .travis.yml
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── demo.py
├── page_clustering
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── clustering.py
    └── features.py
├── requirements.txt
├── setup.py
├── test
    ├── stackoverflow
    │   ├── Jobs - 1 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 10 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 11 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 12 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 13 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 14 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 15 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 2 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 3- Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 4 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 5 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 6 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 7 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 8 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Jobs - 9 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 1 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 10 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 11 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 12 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 13 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 14 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 15 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 2 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 3 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 4 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 5 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 6 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 7 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 8 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Newest Questions - Page 9 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 1 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 10 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 11 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 12 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 13 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 14 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 15 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 2 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 3 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 4 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 5 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 6 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 7 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 8 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Question - 9 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 1 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 10 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 11 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 12 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 13 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 14 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 15 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 2 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 3 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 4 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 5 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 6 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 7 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 8 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Tags - 9 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 1 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 10 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 11 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 12 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 13 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 14 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 15 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 2 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 3 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 4 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 5 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 6 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   ├── Users - 8 - Stack Overflow.html
    │   └── Users - 9 - Stack Overflow.html
    └── test_stackoverflow.py
└── tox.ini


/.travis.yml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | language: python
2 | python: 2.7
3 | 
4 | install:
5 |   - pip install -U tox
6 | 
7 | script:
8 |   - travis_wait tox -vvv
9 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | Copyright (c) page_clustering developers.
 2 | All rights reserved.
 3 | 
 4 | Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 5 | are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 6 | 
 7 |     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 8 |        this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 9 | 
10 |     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 |        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 |        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 | 
14 |     3. Neither the name of page_clustering nor the names of its contributors may
15 |        be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
16 |        specific prior written permission.
17 | 
18 | THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
19 | ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
20 | WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
21 | DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
22 | ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
23 | (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
24 | LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
25 | ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
26 | (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
27 | SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # Description [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/scrapinghub/page_clustering.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/scrapinghub/page_clustering)
 2 | A simple algorithm for clustering web pages.
 3 | A wrapper around [KMeans](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.MiniBatchKMeans.html#sklearn.cluster.MiniBatchKMeans).
 4 | Web pages are converted to vectors, where each vector entry is just the count of a given tag and class attribute.
 5 | The dimension of the vectors will change as new pages with new tags or class attributes arrive.
 6 | Also a simple outlier detection is available and enabled by default. This allows for rejecting web pages
 7 | that are highly improbable to belong to any cluster.
 8 | 
 9 | # Install
10 |     pip install page_clustering
11 | 
12 | # Usage
13 |     import page_clustering
14 | 
15 |     clt = page_clustering.OnlineKMeans(n_clusters=5)
16 |     # `pages` must have been obtained somehow
17 | 	for page in pages:
18 | 	    clt.add_page(page)
19 | 	y = clt.classify(new_page)
20 | 	for page in more_pages:
21 | 	    clt.add_page(page)
22 | 	y = clt.classify(yet_another_page)
23 | 
24 | # Demo
25 |     wget -r --quota=5M https://news.ycombinator.com
26 |     python demo.py news.ycombinator.com
27 | 
28 | # Tests
29 |     cd tests
30 |     py.test
31 | 
32 | # Algorithm
33 | 
34 | The first part, vectorization, transforms the web page to a vector. For example,
35 | take the following page:
36 | 
37 | ```html
38 | <html>
39 | <body>
40 | <ul class="list1">
41 |     <li>A</li>
42 | 	<li>B</li>
43 | </ul>
44 | <ul class="list2">
45 |     <li>Y</li>
46 | 	<li>Z</li>
47 | </ul>
48 | </body>
49 | </html>
50 | ```
51 | 
52 | Each non-closing (tag, class) pair is mapped to a vector position and the number
53 | of times it appears in the document is the value of the vector at that position.
54 | 
55 | | tag, class | position | count |
56 | |------------|----------|-------|
57 | | html       | 0        | 1     |
58 | | body       | 1        | 1     |
59 | | ul, list1  | 2        | 1     |
60 | | li         | 3        | 4     |
61 | | ul, list2  | 4        | 1     |
62 | 
63 | The vector is therefore `[1, 1, 1, 4, 1]`. This vector is normalized so that
64 | it's elements sum up to 1 and the final frequency vector is:
65 | `[0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.5, 0.125]`
66 | 
67 | When a new page arrives it can be possible that new (tag, class) pairs appear.
68 | For example imagine that this new page arrives:
69 | 
70 | ```html
71 | <html>
72 | <body>
73 | <p>Another page with a paragraph tag </p>
74 | </body>
75 | </html>
76 | ```
77 | 
78 | The new page would be mapped according to this table:
79 | 
80 | | tag, class | position | count |
81 | |------------|----------|-------|
82 | | html       | 0        | 1     |
83 | | body       | 1        | 1     |
84 | | ul, list1  | 2        | 0     |
85 | | li         | 3        | 0     |
86 | | ul, list2  | 4        | 0     |
87 | | p          | 5        | 1     |
88 | 
89 | The vector for this page would be `[1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1]`, and with normalization:
90 | `[0.33, 0.33, 0, 0, 0, 0.33]`.
91 | 
92 | The new vector has 6 dimensions, this means that the previous page vector needs
93 | to be extended accordingly with zeros to the right: `[0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.5, 0.125, 0]`.
94 | 
95 | Once all needed pages are vectorized, KMeans is applied.
96 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/demo.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | import sys
 2 | import os
 3 | import time
 4 | 
 5 | import scrapely.htmlpage as hp
 6 | 
 7 | import clustering
 8 | 
 9 | 
10 | if __name__ == '__main__':
11 |     if len(sys.argv) > 1:
12 |         path = sys.argv[1]
13 |     else:
14 |         path = 'news.ycombinator.com'
15 |     for dirpath, dnames, fnames in os.walk(path):
16 |         pages = []
17 |         for fname in fnames:
18 |             full_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirpath, fname))
19 |             with open(full_path, 'r') as inp:
20 |                 try:
21 |                     body = inp.read().decode('utf-8')
22 |                 except UnicodeDecodeError:
23 |                     continue
24 |                 pages.append(
25 |                     hp.HtmlPage(url='file://' + full_path, body=body))
26 |         print 'Total pages: {0}'.format(len(pages))
27 | 
28 |         t1 = time.clock()
29 |         kmeans = clustering.OnlineKMeans()
30 |         for page in pages:
31 |             kmeans.add_page(page)
32 |         t2 = time.clock()
33 |         print 'Clustering in {0} seconds'.format(t2 - t1)
34 |         print '    per page: {0} ms'.format((t2 - t1)/len(pages)*1000)
35 | 
36 |         for page in pages:
37 |             print page.url, kmeans.classify(page)
38 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/page_clustering/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | from clustering import (OnlineKMeans, kmeans_from_samples)
2 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/page_clustering/clustering.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | import scrapely.htmlpage as hp
  2 | from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans
  3 | import numpy as np
  4 | 
  5 | from features import TagFrequency
  6 | 
  7 | 
  8 | def reshape_cols(X, n):
  9 |     """Append with zero columns X until it has n columns"""
 10 |     Y = np.zeros((X.shape[0], n))
 11 |     Y[:, :X.shape[1]] = X
 12 |     return Y
 13 | 
 14 | 
 15 | class OnlineKMeans(object):
 16 |     def __init__(self, n_clusters=8, batch_size=None,
 17 |                  max_std_dev=5.0, min_cluster_points=30,
 18 |                  vectorizer=TagFrequency(), centers=None):
 19 |         """
 20 |         Parameters
 21 |         ----------
 22 |         n_clusters : int
 23 |             Number of clusters to use for KMeans.
 24 |         batch_size : int
 25 |             Update clusters only when the batch reaches this size.
 26 |             Default: batch_size = 10*n_clusters.
 27 |         max_std_dev : float
 28 |             For outlier detection, do not cluster measures whose
 29 |             distance exceeds 5 times the std dev of the cluster.
 30 |             Set to None to disable outlier detection.
 31 |             This value can be updated at any point after object creation.
 32 |         min_cluster_points : int
 33 |             Do not perform outlier detection on clusters that have less than
 34 |             this amount of points.
 35 |         vectorizer : callable
 36 |             Takes an scrapely.htmlpage.HtmlPage and returns a numpy array.
 37 |             Different pages can return different array sizes. If the vector
 38 |             is missing values they are assumed to be zero.
 39 |         """
 40 |         self.vectorizer = vectorizer
 41 |         self.dimension = vectorizer.dimension
 42 | 
 43 |         if batch_size is None:
 44 |             self.batch_size = 10*n_clusters
 45 |         else:
 46 |             self.batch_size = batch_size
 47 |         self.batch = []
 48 |         self.n_clusters = n_clusters if centers is None else centers.shape[0]
 49 |         self.kmeans = MiniBatchKMeans(
 50 |             self.n_clusters,
 51 |             init=centers if centers is not None else 'k-means++')
 52 | 
 53 |         # outlier_detection parameters
 54 |         self._sum_sqr_dist = np.zeros((self.n_clusters,))
 55 |         self.max_std_dev = max_std_dev
 56 |         self.min_cluster_points = min_cluster_points
 57 | 
 58 |     @property
 59 |     def outlier_detection(self):
 60 |         """True if outlier detection active"""
 61 |         return self.max_std_dev is not None
 62 | 
 63 |     @property
 64 |     def is_fit(self):
 65 |         """True if cluster centers available"""
 66 |         return hasattr(self.kmeans, 'cluster_centers_')
 67 | 
 68 |     @property
 69 |     def _cluster_variance(self):
 70 |         """An array with the cluster variance for each cluster"""
 71 |         return self._sum_sqr_dist/self.kmeans.counts_
 72 | 
 73 |     def _sqr_distance_to_center(self, X, y=None):
 74 |         """Compute the distance of X to cluster center y"""
 75 |         if y is None:
 76 |             y = self.kmeans.predict(X)
 77 |         return np.sum((X - self.kmeans.cluster_centers_[y])**2, axis=1)
 78 | 
 79 |     def _find_outliers(self, X, y=None):
 80 |         """Return a boolean array of size X.shape[0] where a True entry means
 81 |         that the point is an outlier"""
 82 |         if not self.is_fit:
 83 |             return np.zeros((X.shape[0],))
 84 |         if y is None:
 85 |             y = self.kmeans.predict(X)
 86 |         return np.logical_and(
 87 |             self.kmeans.counts_[y]>self.min_cluster_points,
 88 |             (self._sqr_distance_to_center(X, y)/
 89 |              self._cluster_variance[y]) > self.max_std_dev**2)
 90 | 
 91 |     def add_page(self, page):
 92 |         """Update cluster centers with new page"""
 93 |         x = self.vectorizer(page)
 94 |         self.batch.append(x)
 95 |         if len(self.batch) >= self.batch_size:
 96 |             # load batch data
 97 |             dimension_new = len(x)
 98 |             X_batch = np.zeros((self.batch_size, dimension_new))
 99 |             for i, x_batch in enumerate(self.batch):
100 |                 X_batch[i, :len(x_batch)] = x_batch
101 |             self.batch = []
102 |             # update dimension of cluster centers
103 |             if dimension_new > self.dimension:
104 |                 if self.is_fit:
105 |                     self.kmeans.cluster_centers_ = reshape_cols(
106 |                         self.kmeans.cluster_centers_, dimension_new)
107 |                 elif isinstance(self.kmeans.init, np.ndarray):
108 |                     self.kmeans.init = reshape_cols(
109 |                         self.kmeans.init, dimension_new)
110 |                 self.dimension = dimension_new
111 |             # filter out outliers
112 |             if self.outlier_detection:
113 |                 X_batch = X_batch[np.logical_not(self._find_outliers(X_batch))]
114 |             # fit data
115 |             self.kmeans.partial_fit(X_batch)
116 |             # update cluster variance
117 |             y_batch = self.kmeans.predict(X_batch)
118 |             D_batch = self._sqr_distance_to_center(X_batch, y_batch)
119 |             for (y, d) in zip(y_batch, D_batch):
120 |                 self._sum_sqr_dist[y] += d
121 | 
122 |     def classify(self, page):
123 |         """Return cluster index or -1 if outlier and outlier detection is active.
124 | 
125 |         page : scrapely.htmlpage.HtmlPage
126 |         """
127 |         X = self.vectorizer(page)[:self.dimension].reshape(1, -1)
128 |         y = self.kmeans.predict(X)
129 |         if self.outlier_detection and self._find_outliers(X, y)[0]:
130 |             return -1
131 |         return y[0]
132 | 
133 | 
134 | def kmeans_from_samples(samples):
135 |     """Initializes and returns the clustering using the provided samples.
136 | 
137 |     samples : Iterable[sample]
138 |         A sample can be either:
139 |             - a dict with `url` and `original_body` keys.
140 |             - an string with the page body
141 | 
142 |     Returns : OnlineKMeans
143 |     """
144 |     def build_htmlpage(sample):
145 |         if isinstance(sample, hp.HtmlPage):
146 |             return sample
147 |         if isinstance(sample, (str, unicode)):
148 |             url = ''
149 |             body = sample
150 |         else:
151 |             url = sample.get('url')
152 |             body = sample.get('original_body', sample.get('annotated_body'))
153 |         return hp.HtmlPage(url=url, body=body)
154 |     pages = map(build_htmlpage, samples)
155 |     n_clusters = len(pages)
156 |     vectorizer = TagFrequency()
157 |     centers = map(vectorizer, pages)
158 |     X = np.zeros((len(centers), vectorizer.dimension))
159 |     for i, c in enumerate(centers):
160 |         X[i, :len(c)] = c
161 |     return OnlineKMeans(
162 |         n_clusters=n_clusters,
163 |         centers=X,
164 |         vectorizer=vectorizer)
165 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/page_clustering/features.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | import scrapely.htmlpage as hp
 2 | import numpy as np
 3 | 
 4 | 
 5 | def is_tag(fragment):
 6 |     """Check if a fragment is also an HTML tag"""
 7 |     return isinstance(fragment, hp.HtmlTag)
 8 | 
 9 | 
10 | def is_closing(fragment):
11 |     return fragment.tag_type == hp.HtmlTagType.CLOSE_TAG
12 | 
13 | 
14 | def is_non_closing_tag(fragment):
15 |     return is_tag(fragment) and not is_closing(fragment)
16 | 
17 | 
18 | def get_class(fragment):
19 |     """Return a set with class attributes for a given fragment"""
20 |     if is_tag(fragment):
21 |         return frozenset((fragment.attributes.get('class') or '').split())
22 |     else:
23 |         return frozenset()
24 | 
25 | 
26 | def tag_to_token(fragment):
27 |     return (fragment.tag, get_class(fragment))
28 | 
29 | 
30 | class TagFrequency(object):
31 |     def __init__(self):
32 |         self.dictionary = {}
33 |         self.dimension = 0
34 | 
35 |     def __call__(self, page):
36 |         to_index = []
37 |         for fragment in filter(is_non_closing_tag, page.parsed_body):
38 |             token = tag_to_token(fragment)
39 |             index = self.dictionary.get(token)
40 |             if index is not None:
41 |                 to_index.append(index)
42 |             else:
43 |                 to_index.append(self.dimension)
44 |                 self.dictionary[token] = self.dimension
45 |                 self.dimension += 1
46 |         vector = np.zeros((len(self.dictionary),))
47 |         for index in to_index:
48 |             vector[index] += 1
49 |         return vector/np.sum(vector)
50 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/requirements.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | numpy>=1.10.4
2 | scipy>=0.16.1
3 | scikit-learn>=0.17
4 | scrapely>=0.12.0
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/setup.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | from setuptools import setup
 2 | 
 3 | 
 4 | setup(
 5 |     name = 'page_clustering',
 6 |     version = '0.0.1',
 7 |     packages = ['page_clustering'],
 8 |     install_requires = [
 9 |         'numpy',
10 |         'scikit-learn',
11 |         'scrapely',
12 |     ],
13 |     url              = 'https://github.com/scrapinghub/page_clustering',
14 |     maintainer       = 'Pedro Lopez-Adeva Fernandez-Layos',
15 |     maintainer_email = 'pedro@scrapinghub.com',
16 |     keywords         = ['crawler', 'scrapy', 'scrapely', 'web'],
17 |     description      = 'Online k-means clustering of web pages',
18 |     classifiers      = [
19 |         #'Framework :: Crawl Frontier',
20 |         'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
21 |         'Environment :: Console',
22 |         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
23 |         'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
24 |         'Operating System :: POSIX',
25 |         'Programming Language :: Python',
26 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
27 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
28 |         'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
29 |         'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
30 |     ],
31 | )
32 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test/stackoverflow/Tags - 11 - Stack Overflow.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 | <html><head>
  3 | <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  4 | 
  5 | <title>Tags - Stack Overflow</title>
  6 |     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/favicon.ico?v=4f32ecc8f43d">
  7 |     <link rel="apple-touch-icon image_src" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a">
  8 |     <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Stack Overflow" href="http://stackoverflow.com/opensearch.xml">
  9 |     <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
 10 |     <meta name="twitter:domain" content="stackoverflow.com">
 11 |     <meta property="og:type" content="website">    
 12 |     <meta property="og:image" itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon@2.png?v=73d79a89bded&amp;a">
 13 |     <meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" itemprop="title name" content="Tags">
 14 |     <meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" itemprop="description" content="Q&amp;A for professional and enthusiast programmers">
 15 |     <meta property="og:url" content="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=11&amp;tab=popular">
 16 | 
 17 |     
 18 |     
 19 |     <script src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/quant.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/beacon.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/analytics.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/jquery.js"></script><style type="text/css">:root div[id^="adzerk"],
 20 | :root #header + #content > #left > #rlblock_left,
 21 | :root #content > #right > .dose > .dosesingle,
 22 | :root #content > #center > .dose > .dosesingle
 23 | {display:none !important;}</style><style>iframe[src="https://ssum-sec.casalemedia.com/usermatch?s=183712&cb=https%3A%2F%2Fengine.adzerk.net%2Fudb%2F22%2Fsync%2Fi.gif%3FpartnerId%3D1%26userId%3D"],
 24 | img[src="//clc.stackoverflow.com/to.gif"]
 25 | {display:none !important;}</style>
 26 |     <script src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/stub.js"></script>
 27 |     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/all.css">
 28 | 
 29 | <meta name="robots" content="noindex">
 30 |     <style type="text/css">
 31 |         .excerpt, .stats-row
 32 |         {
 33 |             padding-top: 4px;
 34 |             padding-right: 8px;
 35 |             font-family: Arial,Liberation Sans,DejaVu Sans,sans-serif;  
 36 |             font-size: 12px;
 37 |             color: #858C93;     
 38 |         }
 39 |         .excerpt
 40 |         {
 41 |           font-size: 12px;
 42 |           height: 39px;
 43 |           line-height: 14px;
 44 |           overflow: hidden;
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338 |             <tbody><tr>
339 |                 <td>Type to find tags:</td>
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341 |             </tr>
342 |         </tbody></table>
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344 |     <div id="tags_list">
345 |           
346 | <table id="tags-browser">
347 |     
348 |             <tbody><tr>
349 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
350 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/import" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'import'" rel="tag">import</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12458</span></span>
351 |                         <div class="excerpt">Refers generally to the process of moving data from an external source into one's platform, program, or data set.</div>
352 |                     <div>
353 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/import?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="15 questions tagged import in the last 24 hours">15 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/import?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="60 questions tagged import in the last 7 days">60 this week</a></div>
354 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
355 |                     </div>
356 |                 </td>
357 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
358 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/playframework" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'playframework'" rel="tag">playframework</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12444</span></span>
359 |                         <div class="excerpt">a modern Java and Scala web
360 |  application open-source framework that provides a clean alternative to 
361 | bloated Enterprise Java stacks.</div>
362 |                     <div>
363 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/playframework?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="13 questions tagged playframework in the last 24 hours">13 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/playframework?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="60 questions tagged playframework in the last 7 days">60 this week</a></div>
364 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
365 |                     </div>
366 |                 </td>
367 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
368 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ggplot2" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ggplot2'" rel="tag">ggplot2</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12414</span></span>
369 |                         <div class="excerpt">an actively maintained 
370 | open-source chart-drawing package for R, written by Hadley Wickham, 
371 | based upon the principles of "Grammar of Graphics".  It partially 
372 | replaces R's basic plot and the …</div>
373 |                     <div>
374 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ggplot2?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="17 questions tagged ggplot2 in the last 24 hours">17 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ggplot2?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="89 questions tagged ggplot2 in the last 7 days">89 this week</a></div>
375 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
376 |                     </div>
377 |                 </td>
378 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
379 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/timer" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'timer'" rel="tag">timer</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12388</span></span>
380 |                         <div class="excerpt">a control that has the functionality to trigger a user defined action at regular intervals as configured by the user. </div>
381 |                     <div>
382 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/timer?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged timer in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/timer?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="48 questions tagged timer in the last 7 days">48 this week</a></div>
383 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
384 |                     </div>
385 |                 </td>
386 |             </tr>
387 |             <tr>
388 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
389 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/orm" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'orm'" rel="tag">orm</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12356</span></span>
390 |                         <div class="excerpt">a technique for mapping object-oriented systems to relational databases.</div>
391 |                     <div>
392 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/orm?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="8 questions tagged orm in the last 24 hours">8 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/orm?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="47 questions tagged orm in the last 7 days">47 this week</a></div>
393 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
394 |                     </div>
395 |                 </td>
396 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
397 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jquery-plugins" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'jquery-plugins'" rel="tag">jquery-plugins</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12334</span></span>
398 |                         <div class="excerpt">Custom add-ons and plugins for the jQuery library. jQuery functions and features not included in the standard jQuery library.</div>
399 |                     <div>
400 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jquery-plugins?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="20 questions tagged jquery-plugins in the last 7 days">20 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jquery-plugins?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="73 questions tagged jquery-plugins in the last 30 days">73 this month</a></div>
401 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
402 |                     </div>
403 |                 </td>
404 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
405 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/concurrency" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'concurrency'" rel="tag">concurrency</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12283</span></span>
406 |                         <div class="excerpt">a property of systems in 
407 | which multiple computations can be performed in overlapping time 
408 | periods. The computations may be executing on multiple cores in the same
409 |  c…</div>
410 |                     <div>
411 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/concurrency?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="12 questions tagged concurrency in the last 24 hours">12 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/concurrency?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="50 questions tagged concurrency in the last 7 days">50 this week</a></div>
412 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
413 |                     </div>
414 |                 </td>
415 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
416 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/version-control" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'version-control'" rel="tag">version-control</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12258</span></span>
417 |                         <div class="excerpt">the management of changes 
418 | to documents, programs, and other information stored as computer files. 
419 | Use this tag to mark general questions about usage and applicability of 
420 | version con…</div>
421 |                     <div>
422 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/version-control?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="28 questions tagged version-control in the last 7 days">28 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/version-control?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="121 questions tagged version-control in the last 30 days">121 this month</a></div>
423 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
424 |                     </div>
425 |                 </td>
426 |             </tr>
427 |             <tr>
428 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
429 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/error-handling" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'error-handling'" rel="tag">error-handling</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12246</span></span>
430 |                         <div class="excerpt">Programming language constructs designed to handle errors signaled by error codes, exceptions or other language specific means.</div>
431 |                     <div>
432 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/error-handling?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged error-handling in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/error-handling?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="58 questions tagged error-handling in the last 7 days">58 this week</a></div>
433 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
434 |                     </div>
435 |                 </td>
436 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
437 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/docker" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'docker'" rel="tag">docker</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12161</span></span>
438 |                         <div class="excerpt">Docker provides a 
439 | high-level API to containerize unix processes and applications with some
440 |  degree of isolation and repeatability across servers.</div>
441 |                     <div>
442 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/docker?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="30 questions tagged docker in the last 24 hours">30 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/docker?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="208 questions tagged docker in the last 7 days">208 this week</a></div>
443 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
444 |                     </div>
445 |                 </td>
446 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
447 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/flask" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'flask'" rel="tag">flask</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12150</span></span>
448 |                         <div class="excerpt">a web microframework for Python based on "Werkzeug, Jinja 2 and good intentions". BSD-licensed.</div>
449 |                     <div>
450 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/flask?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged flask in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/flask?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="102 questions tagged flask in the last 7 days">102 this week</a></div>
451 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
452 |                     </div>
453 |                 </td>
454 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
455 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/doctrine2" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'doctrine2'" rel="tag">doctrine2</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12141</span></span>
456 |                         <div class="excerpt">a PHP (5.3.2+) ORM. While 
457 | Doctrine 1.2 uses the Active Record pattern, Doctrine 2 uses the Data 
458 | Mapper pattern. The Doctrine project is a collection of open source 
459 | libraries and tools …</div>
460 |                     <div>
461 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/doctrine2?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged doctrine2 in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/doctrine2?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="55 questions tagged doctrine2 in the last 7 days">55 this week</a></div>
462 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
463 |                     </div>
464 |                 </td>
465 |             </tr>
466 |             <tr>
467 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
468 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios5" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ios5'" rel="tag">ios5</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12124</span></span>
469 |                         <div class="excerpt">iOS 5 was released by Apple on Oct 13, 2011. 
470 | 
471 | it runs on iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPod Touch 3rd and 4th generation, as well as all iPad models.
472 | 
473 | it has been succeeded by iOS 6.</div>
474 |                     <div>
475 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios5?sort=newest&amp;days=365" title="37 questions tagged ios5 in the last 365 days">37 asked this year</a></div>
476 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
477 |                     </div>
478 |                 </td>
479 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
480 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dependency-injection" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'dependency-injection'" rel="tag">dependency-injection</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12120</span></span>
481 |                         <div class="excerpt">A design pattern to reduce 
482 | coupling between components, by dynamically injecting into a software 
483 | component dependencies that it needs to function.</div>
484 |                     <div>
485 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dependency-injection?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="13 questions tagged dependency-injection in the last 24 hours">13 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dependency-injection?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="53 questions tagged dependency-injection in the last 7 days">53 this week</a></div>
486 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
487 |                     </div>
488 |                 </td>
489 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
490 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/binding" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'binding'" rel="tag">binding</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12073</span></span>
491 |                         <div class="excerpt">means different things in 
492 | different contexts; consider using less ambiguous tags instead or in 
493 | addition. Common meanings include: Dependency-Injection and  Data 
494 | Binding to Objects and Binding…</div>
495 |                     <div>
496 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/binding?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged binding in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/binding?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="24 questions tagged binding in the last 7 days">24 this week</a></div>
497 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
498 |                     </div>
499 |                 </td>
500 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
501 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/colors" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'colors'" rel="tag">colors</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12058</span></span>
502 |                         <div class="excerpt">for questions about representing or manipulating colors in a programming language.</div>
503 |                     <div>
504 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/colors?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged colors in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/colors?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="45 questions tagged colors in the last 7 days">45 this week</a></div>
505 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
506 |                     </div>
507 |                 </td>
508 |             </tr>
509 |             <tr>
510 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
511 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/parameters" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'parameters'" rel="tag">parameters</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12025</span></span>
512 |                         <div class="excerpt">a type of variable used in a subroutine to refer to the data provided as input to the subroutine.</div>
513 |                     <div>
514 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/parameters?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="12 questions tagged parameters in the last 24 hours">12 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/parameters?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="42 questions tagged parameters in the last 7 days">42 this week</a></div>
515 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
516 |                     </div>
517 |                 </td>
518 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
519 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/constructor" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'constructor'" rel="tag">constructor</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12010</span></span>
520 |                         <div class="excerpt">A special type of subroutine called at the creation of an object.</div>
521 |                     <div>
522 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/constructor?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged constructor in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/constructor?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="41 questions tagged constructor in the last 7 days">41 this week</a></div>
523 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
524 |                     </div>
525 |                 </td>
526 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
527 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/combobox" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'combobox'" rel="tag">combobox</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">12006</span></span>
528 |                         <div class="excerpt">Combobox allows to select 
529 | one option out of several (similar to a listbox), however, only the 
530 | selected one is displayed by default (in the interest of screen real 
531 | estate). </div>
532 |                     <div>
533 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/combobox?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="12 questions tagged combobox in the last 24 hours">12 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/combobox?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="49 questions tagged combobox in the last 7 days">49 this week</a></div>
534 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
535 |                     </div>
536 |                 </td>
537 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
538 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dataframe" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'dataframe'" rel="tag">dataframe</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11989</span></span>
539 |                         <div class="excerpt">a tabular data structure. 
540 | Usually, it contains data where rows are observations and columns are 
541 | variables of various types. While "data frame" or "dataframe" is the 
542 | term used for this …</div>
543 |                     <div>
544 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dataframe?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="21 questions tagged dataframe in the last 24 hours">21 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dataframe?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="154 questions tagged dataframe in the last 7 days">154 this week</a></div>
545 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
546 |                     </div>
547 |                 </td>
548 |             </tr>
549 |             <tr>
550 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
551 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/properties" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'properties'" rel="tag">properties</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11950</span></span>
552 |                         <div class="excerpt">A property, in some 
553 | object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class 
554 | member, intermediate between a field (or data member) and a method. 
555 | Properties are read and written like fields, b…</div>
556 |                     <div>
557 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/properties?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="28 questions tagged properties in the last 7 days">28 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/properties?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="152 questions tagged properties in the last 30 days">152 this month</a></div>
558 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
559 |                     </div>
560 |                 </td>
561 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
562 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/oracle11g" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'oracle11g'" rel="tag">oracle11g</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11917</span></span>
563 |                         <div class="excerpt">an Object-relational 
564 | Database Management System (ORDBMS) created by Oracle Corporation. 
565 | Specific releases of the product are known as Oracle9i, Oracle10g, 
566 | Oracle 11g and Oracle 12c, where "i…</div>
567 |                     <div>
568 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/oracle11g?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="16 questions tagged oracle11g in the last 24 hours">16 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/oracle11g?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="68 questions tagged oracle11g in the last 7 days">68 this week</a></div>
569 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
570 |                     </div>
571 |                 </td>
572 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
573 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/process" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'process'" rel="tag">process</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11858</span></span>
574 |                         <div class="excerpt">about operating system 
575 | processes. It may also refer to a specific construct on a given 
576 | platform, e.g., the System.Diagnostics.Process class for .NET</div>
577 |                     <div>
578 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/process?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="39 questions tagged process in the last 7 days">39 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/process?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="167 questions tagged process in the last 30 days">167 this month</a></div>
579 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
580 |                     </div>
581 |                 </td>
582 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
583 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cmd" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'cmd'" rel="tag">cmd</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11816</span></span>
584 |                         <div class="excerpt">the Microsoft supplied 
585 | command line interpreter on OS/2, Windows CE, and Windows NT operating 
586 | systems (including Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, Server 2003, an…</div>
587 |                     <div>
588 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cmd?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged cmd in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cmd?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="74 questions tagged cmd in the last 7 days">74 this week</a></div>
589 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
590 |                     </div>
591 |                 </td>
592 |             </tr>
593 |             <tr>
594 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
595 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/interface" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'interface'" rel="tag">interface</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11693</span></span>
596 |                         <div class="excerpt">An interface refers to the 
597 | point of interaction between components. Interfaces are applicable at 
598 | both the hardware and software level. 
599 | 
600 | In general, an interface exposes a contract without exposing …</div>
601 |                     <div>
602 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/interface?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged interface in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/interface?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="48 questions tagged interface in the last 7 days">48 this week</a></div>
603 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
604 |                     </div>
605 |                 </td>
606 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
607 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/enums" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'enums'" rel="tag">enums</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11691</span></span>
608 |                         <div class="excerpt">A data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members or enumerators of the type.</div>
609 |                     <div>
610 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/enums?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged enums in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/enums?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="43 questions tagged enums in the last 7 days">43 this week</a></div>
611 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
612 |                     </div>
613 |                 </td>
614 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
615 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/opengl-es" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'opengl-es'" rel="tag">opengl-es</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11681</span></span>
616 |                         <div class="excerpt">Subset of the OpenGL 3D graphics API designed for embedded devices such as mobile phones.</div>
617 |                     <div>
618 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/opengl-es?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged opengl-es in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/opengl-es?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="32 questions tagged opengl-es in the last 7 days">32 this week</a></div>
619 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
620 |                     </div>
621 |                 </td>
622 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
623 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bitmap" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'bitmap'" rel="tag">bitmap</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11680</span></span>
624 |                         <div class="excerpt">The more general term 
625 | pixmap refers to a map of pixels, where each one may store more than two
626 |  colors, thus using more than one bit per pixel. Often bitmap is used 
627 | for this as well. In some contexts, …</div>
628 |                     <div>
629 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bitmap?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="34 questions tagged bitmap in the last 7 days">34 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bitmap?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="167 questions tagged bitmap in the last 30 days">167 this month</a></div>
630 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
631 |                     </div>
632 |                 </td>
633 |             </tr>
634 |             <tr>
635 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
636 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tkinter" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'tkinter'" rel="tag">tkinter</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11673</span></span>
637 |                         <div class="excerpt">the standard Python interface to the "Tk" graphical user interface toolkit.
638 | In Python 3, the name of the module changed from Tkinter to tkinter.</div>
639 |                     <div>
640 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tkinter?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged tkinter in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tkinter?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="74 questions tagged tkinter in the last 7 days">74 this week</a></div>
641 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
642 |                     </div>
643 |                 </td>
644 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
645 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/clojure" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'clojure'" rel="tag">clojure</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11665</span></span>
646 |                         <div class="excerpt">a modern Lisp dialect for 
647 | the Java Virtual Machine (with versions for the CLR and JavaScript). 
648 | More than merely an implementation of Lisp in Java, Clojure provides 
649 | access to Java's classes …</div>
650 |                     <div>
651 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/clojure?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged clojure in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/clojure?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="38 questions tagged clojure in the last 7 days">38 this week</a></div>
652 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
653 |                     </div>
654 |                 </td>
655 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
656 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datatable" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'datatable'" rel="tag">datatable</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11567</span></span>
657 |                         <div class="excerpt">ambiguous. In .NET, it's a 
658 | class that represents a table of in-memory data. In component based MVC 
659 | frameworks like JSF and Wicket, it's an UI component that dynamically 
660 | renders…</div>
661 |                     <div>
662 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datatable?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged datatable in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datatable?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="72 questions tagged datatable in the last 7 days">72 this week</a></div>
663 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
664 |                     </div>
665 |                 </td>
666 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
667 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/casting" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'casting'" rel="tag">casting</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11539</span></span>
668 |                         <div class="excerpt">a process where an object type is explicitly converted into another type if the conversion is allowed.</div>
669 |                     <div>
670 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/casting?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged casting in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/casting?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="31 questions tagged casting in the last 7 days">31 this week</a></div>
671 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
672 |                     </div>
673 |                 </td>
674 |             </tr>
675 |             <tr>
676 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
677 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/build" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'build'" rel="tag">build</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11536</span></span>
678 |                         <div class="excerpt">The process of converting source code files into standalone software artifact(s) that can be run on a computer</div>
679 |                     <div>
680 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/build?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged build in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/build?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="56 questions tagged build in the last 7 days">56 this week</a></div>
681 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
682 |                     </div>
683 |                 </td>
684 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
685 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/while-loop" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'while-loop'" rel="tag">while-loop</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11502</span></span>
686 |                         <div class="excerpt">a control structure used in
687 |  many programming languages to loop over a set of instructions as long 
688 | as a particular condition is met.</div>
689 |                     <div>
690 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/while-loop?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="58 questions tagged while-loop in the last 7 days">58 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/while-loop?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="198 questions tagged while-loop in the last 30 days">198 this month</a></div>
691 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
692 |                     </div>
693 |                 </td>
694 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
695 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-analytics" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'google-analytics'" rel="tag"><img src="Tags%20-%2011%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/6HFc3.png" alt="" class="sponsor-tag-img" height="16" width="18">google-analytics</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11479</span></span>
696 |                         <div class="excerpt">a free web analytics 
697 | solution provided by Google, featuring several client-side APIs, as well
698 |  as REST APIs for data export and for management.</div>
699 |                     <div>
700 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-analytics?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="15 questions tagged google-analytics in the last 24 hours">15 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-analytics?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="78 questions tagged google-analytics in the last 7 days">78 this week</a></div>
701 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
702 |                     </div>
703 |                 </td>
704 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
705 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datagrid" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'datagrid'" rel="tag">datagrid</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11457</span></span>
706 |                         <div class="excerpt">A graphical user interface element that presents a tabular view of data.</div>
707 |                     <div>
708 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datagrid?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged datagrid in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/datagrid?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="30 questions tagged datagrid in the last 7 days">30 this week</a></div>
709 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
710 |                     </div>
711 |                 </td>
712 |             </tr>
713 | 
714 | </tbody></table>
715 |     <div class="pager fr">
716 |         
717 | 
718 | 
719 | 
720 | 
721 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=10&amp;tab=popular" rel="prev" title="go to page 10"> <span class="page-numbers prev">prev </span> </a> 
722 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=1&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 1"> <span class="page-numbers">1</span> </a> 
723 |  <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span>         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=9&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 9"> <span class="page-numbers">9</span> </a> 
724 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=10&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 10"> <span class="page-numbers">10</span> </a> 
725 |  <span class="page-numbers current">11</span>         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=12&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 12"> <span class="page-numbers">12</span> </a> 
726 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=13&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 13"> <span class="page-numbers">13</span> </a> 
727 |  <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span>         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=1330&amp;tab=popular" title="go to page 1330"> <span class="page-numbers">1330</span> </a> 
728 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=12&amp;tab=popular" rel="next" title="go to page 12"> <span class="page-numbers next"> next</span> </a> 
729 | 
730 |     </div>
731 | 
732 | 
733 |     </div>
734 | 
735 |     <div id="tags-legend">
736 | 
737 |         <span>
738 |             <a class="tag-synonym-link" href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags/synonyms" title="show all tag synonyms">tag synonyms</a>
739 |         </span>
740 |     </div>
741 | 
742 |     <script>
743 |         StackExchange.ready(function() { 
744 |             $("#tagfilter").focus().typeWatch({ highlight:true, wait:500, captureLength: -1, callback: finished });
745 |         });
746 | 
747 |         var request = null;
748 |         function finished(txt) {
749 |             if (request) { request.abort(); }
750 |             request = $.ajax({
751 |                 type: "POST",
752 |                 url: "/filter/tags-for-index",
753 |                 data: { filter: txt, tab: 'Popular' },
754 |                 dataType: "html",
755 |                 success: function (result) {   
756 |                     var domelement = $(result);
757 |                     $("#tags_list").html(domelement);
758 |                     
759 |                     if (txt == "") {
760 |                         $(".pager").show();
761 |                     } else 
762 |                     {
763 |                         $(".pager").hide();
764 |                     }
765 | 
766 |                 }
767 |             });
768 |         }
769 |     </script>
770 | </div>
771 |         </div>
772 |     </div>
773 |     <div id="footer" class="categories">
774 |         <div class="footerwrap">
775 |             <div id="footer-menu">
776 |                 <div class="top-footer-links">
777 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/company/about">about us</a>
778 |                         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tour">tour</a>
779 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/help">help</a>
780 |                     <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/?blb=1">blog</a>
781 |                         <a href="http://chat.stackoverflow.com/">chat</a>
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784 |                     <a href="http://stackexchange.com/legal/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a>
785 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/company/work-here">work here</a>
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787 | 
788 |                     <a onclick='StackExchange.switchMobile("on")'>mobile</a>
789 |                     <b><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/contact">contact us</a></b>
790 |                         <b><a href="http://meta.stackoverflow.com/">feedback</a></b>
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792 |                 </div>
793 |                 <div id="footer-sites">
794 |                     <table>
795 |     <tbody><tr>
796 |             <th colspan="3">
797 |                 Technology
798 |             </th>
799 |             <th>
800 |                 Life / Arts
801 |             </th>
802 |             <th>
803 |                 Culture / Recreation
804 |             </th>
805 |             <th>
806 |                 Science
807 |             </th>
808 |             <th>
809 |                 Other
810 |             </th>
811 |     </tr>
812 |     <tr>
813 |             <td>
814 |                 <ol>
815 |                         <li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/" title="professional and enthusiast programmers">Stack Overflow</a></li>
816 |                         <li><a href="http://serverfault.com/" title="system and network administrators">Server Fault</a></li>
817 |                         <li><a href="http://superuser.com/" title="computer enthusiasts and power users">Super User</a></li>
818 |                         <li><a href="http://webapps.stackexchange.com/" title="power users of web applications">Web Applications</a></li>
819 |                         <li><a href="http://askubuntu.com/" title="Ubuntu users and developers">Ask Ubuntu</a></li>
820 |                         <li><a href="http://webmasters.stackexchange.com/" title="pro webmasters">Webmasters</a></li>
821 |                         <li><a href="http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/" title="professional and independent game developers">Game Development</a></li>
822 |                         <li><a href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" title="users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems">TeX - LaTeX</a></li>
823 |                             </ol></td><td><ol>
824 |                         <li><a href="http://programmers.stackexchange.com/" title="professional programmers interested in conceptual questions about software development">Programmers</a></li>
825 |                         <li><a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/" title="users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems">Unix &amp; Linux</a></li>
826 |                         <li><a href="http://apple.stackexchange.com/" title="power users of Apple hardware and software">Ask Different (Apple)</a></li>
827 |                         <li><a href="http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/" title="WordPress developers and administrators">WordPress Development</a></li>
828 |                         <li><a href="http://gis.stackexchange.com/" title="cartographers, geographers and GIS professionals">Geographic Information Systems</a></li>
829 |                         <li><a href="http://electronics.stackexchange.com/" title="electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Electrical Engineering</a></li>
830 |                         <li><a href="http://android.stackexchange.com/" title="enthusiasts and power users of the Android operating system">Android Enthusiasts</a></li>
831 |                         <li><a href="http://security.stackexchange.com/" title="information security professionals">Information Security</a></li>
832 |                             </ol></td><td><ol>
833 |                         <li><a href="http://dba.stackexchange.com/" title="database professionals who wish to improve their database skills and learn from others in the community">Database Administrators</a></li>
834 |                         <li><a href="http://drupal.stackexchange.com/" title="Drupal developers and administrators">Drupal Answers</a></li>
835 |                         <li><a href="http://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/" title="SharePoint enthusiasts">SharePoint</a></li>
836 |                         <li><a href="http://ux.stackexchange.com/" title="user experience researchers and experts">User Experience</a></li>
837 |                         <li><a href="http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/" title="users of Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li>
838 |                         <li><a href="http://salesforce.stackexchange.com/" title="Salesforce administrators, implementation experts, developers and anybody in-between">Salesforce</a></li>
839 |                         <li><a href="http://expressionengine.stackexchange.com/" title="administrators, end users, developers and designers for ExpressionEngine® CMS">ExpressionEngine® Answers</a></li>
840 |                     
841 |                         <li>
842 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#technology" class="more">
843 |                                 more (13)
844 |                             </a>
845 |                         </li>
846 |                 </ol>
847 |             </td>
848 |             <td>
849 |                 <ol>
850 |                         <li><a href="http://photo.stackexchange.com/" title="professional, enthusiast and amateur photographers">Photography</a></li>
851 |                         <li><a href="http://scifi.stackexchange.com/" title="science fiction and fantasy enthusiasts">Science Fiction &amp; Fantasy</a></li>
852 |                         <li><a href="http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/" title="Graphic Design professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Graphic Design</a></li>
853 |                         <li><a href="http://movies.stackexchange.com/" title="movie and tv enthusiasts">Movies &amp; TV</a></li>
854 |                         <li><a href="http://cooking.stackexchange.com/" title="professional and amateur chefs">Seasoned Advice (cooking)</a></li>
855 |                         <li><a href="http://diy.stackexchange.com/" title="contractors and serious DIYers">Home Improvement</a></li>
856 |                         <li><a href="http://money.stackexchange.com/" title="people who want to be financially literate">Personal Finance &amp; Money</a></li>
857 |                         <li><a href="http://academia.stackexchange.com/" title="academics and those enrolled in higher education">Academia</a></li>
858 |                     
859 |                         <li>
860 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#lifearts" class="more">
861 |                                 more (9)
862 |                             </a>
863 |                         </li>
864 |                 </ol>
865 |             </td>
866 |             <td>
867 |                 <ol>
868 |                         <li><a href="http://english.stackexchange.com/" title="linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts">English Language &amp; Usage</a></li>
869 |                         <li><a href="http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/" title="scientific skepticism">Skeptics</a></li>
870 |                         <li><a href="http://judaism.stackexchange.com/" title="those who base their lives on Jewish law and tradition and anyone interested in learning more">Mi Yodeya (Judaism)</a></li>
871 |                         <li><a href="http://travel.stackexchange.com/" title="road warriors and seasoned travelers">Travel</a></li>
872 |                         <li><a href="http://christianity.stackexchange.com/" title="committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more">Christianity</a></li>
873 |                         <li><a href="http://gaming.stackexchange.com/" title="passionate videogamers on all platforms">Arqade (gaming)</a></li>
874 |                         <li><a href="http://bicycles.stackexchange.com/" title="people who build and repair bicycles, people who train cycling, or commute on bicycles">Bicycles</a></li>
875 |                         <li><a href="http://rpg.stackexchange.com/" title="gamemasters and players of tabletop, paper-and-pencil role-playing games">Role-playing Games</a></li>
876 |                     
877 |                         <li>
878 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#culturerecreation" class="more">
879 |                                 more (21)
880 |                             </a>
881 |                         </li>
882 |                 </ol>
883 |             </td>
884 |             <td>
885 |                 <ol>
886 |                         <li><a href="http://math.stackexchange.com/" title="people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields">Mathematics</a></li>
887 |                         <li><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/" title="people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization">Cross Validated (stats)</a></li>
888 |                         <li><a href="http://cstheory.stackexchange.com/" title="theoretical computer scientists and researchers in related fields">Theoretical Computer Science</a></li>
889 |                         <li><a href="http://physics.stackexchange.com/" title="active researchers, academics and students of physics">Physics</a></li>
890 |                         <li><a href="http://mathoverflow.net/" title="professional mathematicians">MathOverflow</a></li>
891 |                         <li><a href="http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/" title="scientists, academics, teachers and students">Chemistry</a></li>
892 |                         <li><a href="http://biology.stackexchange.com/" title="biology researchers, academics, and students">Biology</a></li>
893 |                     
894 |                         <li>
895 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="more">
896 |                                 more (5)
897 |                             </a>
898 |                         </li>
899 |                 </ol>
900 |             </td>
901 |             <td>
902 |                 <ol>
903 |                         <li><a href="http://stackapps.com/" title="apps, scripts, and development with the Stack Exchange API">Stack Apps</a></li>
904 |                         <li><a href="http://meta.stackexchange.com/" title="meta-discussion of the Stack Exchange family of Q&amp;A websites">Meta Stack Exchange</a></li>
905 |                         <li><a href="http://area51.stackexchange.com/" title="proposing new sites in the Stack Exchange network">Area 51</a></li>
906 |                         <li><a href="http://careers.stackoverflow.com/">Stack Overflow Careers</a></li>
907 |                     
908 |                 </ol>
909 |             </td>
910 |     </tr>
911 | </tbody></table>
912 |                 </div>
913 |             </div>
914 |             <div id="copyright">
915 |                 site design / logo © 2016 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" rel="license">cc by-sa 3.0</a> 
916 |                 with <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/06/attribution-required/" rel="license">attribution required</a>
917 |             </div>
918 |             <div id="svnrev">
919 |                 rev 2016.6.1.3627
920 |             </div>
921 |         </div>
922 |     </div>
923 |     <noscript>
924 |         <div id="noscript-warning">Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled<img src="http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc.gif" alt="" class="dno"></div>
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952 |     </script>
953 |         
954 |     
955 |     
956 | </body></html>


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  2 | <html><head>
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184 |         <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/" class="fr">company blog</a>
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316 |         <div id="content" class="snippet-hidden">
317 |             
318 | 
319 | <div id="mainbar-full">
320 |     <div class="subheader">
321 |         <h1 id="h-tags">Tags</h1>
322 |         <div id="tabs">
323 |         <a class="youarehere" href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?tab=popular" data-nav-xhref="" title="most popular tags" data-value="popular" data-shortcut="">
324 |             popular</a>
325 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?tab=name" data-nav-xhref="" title="tags in alphabetical order" data-value="name" data-shortcut="">
326 |             name</a>
327 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?tab=new" data-nav-xhref="" title="recently created tags" data-value="new" data-shortcut="">
328 |             new</a>
329 | </div>
330 |     </div>
331 |     <div class="page-description">
332 |         <p>
333 |             A tag is a keyword or label that categorizes your question 
334 | with other, similar questions. Using the right tags makes it easier for 
335 | others to find and answer your question.
336 |         </p>
337 |         <table>
338 |             <tbody><tr>
339 |                 <td>Type to find tags:</td>
340 |                 <td style="padding-left:5px"><input id="tagfilter" name="tagfilter" maxlength="25" type="text"></td>            
341 |             </tr>
342 |         </tbody></table>
343 |     </div>
344 |     <div id="tags_list">
345 |           
346 | <table id="tags-browser">
347 |     
348 |             <tbody><tr>
349 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
350 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/menu" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'menu'" rel="tag">menu</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11447</span></span>
351 |                         <div class="excerpt">a user interface mechanism 
352 | that provides the user a means to view and execute application 
353 | operations. (Generic; please use platform and/or language tags when 
354 | possible instead)</div>
355 |                     <div>
356 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/menu?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged menu in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/menu?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="28 questions tagged menu in the last 7 days">28 this week</a></div>
357 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
358 |                     </div>
359 |                 </td>
360 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
361 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/kendo-ui" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'kendo-ui'" rel="tag">kendo-ui</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11356</span></span>
362 |                         <div class="excerpt">a framework to build HTML 
363 | UI. It delivers everything needed for client-side, jQuery-powered 
364 | development in one integrated, compact package, complete with AngularJS 
365 | integration.</div>
366 |                     <div>
367 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/kendo-ui?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged kendo-ui in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/kendo-ui?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="49 questions tagged kendo-ui in the last 7 days">49 this week</a></div>
368 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
369 |                     </div>
370 |                 </td>
371 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
372 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/devise" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'devise'" rel="tag">devise</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11334</span></span>
373 |                         <div class="excerpt">an authentication gem for Ruby-on-Rails. It supersedes previous solutions such as Restful Authentication or Authlogic.</div>
374 |                     <div>
375 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/devise?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged devise in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/devise?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="49 questions tagged devise in the last 7 days">49 this week</a></div>
376 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
377 |                     </div>
378 |                 </td>
379 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
380 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/configuration" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'configuration'" rel="tag">configuration</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11330</span></span>
381 |                         <div class="excerpt">the process of specifying the settings used for a system or application</div>
382 |                     <div>
383 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/configuration?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="30 questions tagged configuration in the last 7 days">30 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/configuration?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="139 questions tagged configuration in the last 30 days">139 this month</a></div>
384 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
385 |                     </div>
386 |                 </td>
387 |             </tr>
388 |             <tr>
389 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
390 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/exception-handling" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'exception-handling'" rel="tag">exception-handling</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11296</span></span>
391 |                         <div class="excerpt">a programming language 
392 | construct or computer hardware mechanism designed to handle the 
393 | occurrence of exceptions, special conditions that change the normal flow
394 |  of program executi…</div>
395 |                     <div>
396 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/exception-handling?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged exception-handling in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/exception-handling?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="36 questions tagged exception-handling in the last 7 days">36 this week</a></div>
397 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
398 |                     </div>
399 |                 </td>
400 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
401 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-asynctask" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'android-asynctask'" rel="tag">android-asynctask</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11279</span></span>
402 |                         <div class="excerpt">AsyncTask enables proper 
403 | and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows to perform background 
404 | operations and publish results on the UI thread without having to 
405 | manipulate threads and/or handlers. As…</div>
406 |                     <div>
407 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-asynctask?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="8 questions tagged android-asynctask in the last 24 hours">8 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-asynctask?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="55 questions tagged android-asynctask in the last 7 days">55 this week</a></div>
408 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
409 |                     </div>
410 |                 </td>
411 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
412 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jboss" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'jboss'" rel="tag">jboss</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11271</span></span>
413 |                         <div class="excerpt">a free software/open-source Java EE-based, Cross-platform Application Server.</div>
414 |                     <div>
415 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jboss?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="10 questions tagged jboss in the last 24 hours">10 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/jboss?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="56 questions tagged jboss in the last 7 days">56 this week</a></div>
416 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
417 |                     </div>
418 |                 </td>
419 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
420 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mongoose" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'mongoose'" rel="tag">mongoose</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11227</span></span>
421 |                         <div class="excerpt">a MongoDB object modeling 
422 | tool, or ODM (Object Document Mapper), written in JavaScript and 
423 | designed to work in an asynchronous environment.</div>
424 |                     <div>
425 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mongoose?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="13 questions tagged mongoose in the last 24 hours">13 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mongoose?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="101 questions tagged mongoose in the last 7 days">101 this week</a></div>
426 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
427 |                     </div>
428 |                 </td>
429 |             </tr>
430 |             <tr>
431 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
432 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/laravel-5" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'laravel-5'" rel="tag">laravel-5</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11139</span></span>
433 |                         <div class="excerpt">the current version of the 
434 | open-source PHP web development MVC framework created by Taylor Otwell. 
435 | Laravel helps you create applications using simple, expressive syntax.</div>
436 |                     <div>
437 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/laravel-5?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="36 questions tagged laravel-5 in the last 24 hours">36 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/laravel-5?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="173 questions tagged laravel-5 in the last 7 days">173 this week</a></div>
438 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
439 |                     </div>
440 |                 </td>
441 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
442 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/responsive-design" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'responsive-design'" rel="tag">responsive-design</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11109</span></span>
443 |                         <div class="excerpt">an approach to Web design 
444 | and development that aims at crafting sites to provide optimal 
445 | experiences across a wide range of devices based on screen size, 
446 | platform, and o…</div>
447 |                     <div>
448 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/responsive-design?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="13 questions tagged responsive-design in the last 24 hours">13 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/responsive-design?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="55 questions tagged responsive-design in the last 7 days">55 this week</a></div>
449 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
450 |                     </div>
451 |                 </td>
452 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
453 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/download" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'download'" rel="tag">download</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11075</span></span>
454 |                         <div class="excerpt">Receiving data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer.</div>
455 |                     <div>
456 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/download?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged download in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/download?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="38 questions tagged download in the last 7 days">38 this week</a></div>
457 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
458 |                     </div>
459 |                 </td>
460 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
461 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios4" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ios4'" rel="tag">ios4</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11073</span></span>
462 |                         <div class="excerpt">The 2010-2011 version of the iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch/Apple TV operating system family, made by Apple.</div>
463 |                     <div>
464 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios4?sort=newest&amp;days=365" title="4 questions tagged ios4 in the last 365 days">4 asked this year</a></div>
465 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
466 |                     </div>
467 |                 </td>
468 |             </tr>
469 |             <tr>
470 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
471 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/autocomplete" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'autocomplete'" rel="tag">autocomplete</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11068</span></span>
472 |                         <div class="excerpt">a UI feature provided by 
473 | applications, where the program predicts a word or phrase that the user 
474 | wants to type without the user actually typing it completely.</div>
475 |                     <div>
476 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/autocomplete?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged autocomplete in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/autocomplete?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="47 questions tagged autocomplete in the last 7 days">47 this week</a></div>
477 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
478 |                     </div>
479 |                 </td>
480 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
481 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/io" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'io'" rel="tag">io</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11057</span></span>
482 |                         <div class="excerpt">In computing, input/output,
483 |  or I/O, refers to the communication between an information processing 
484 | system (such as a computer), and the outside world, possibly a human, or
485 |  another information processin…</div>
486 |                     <div>
487 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/io?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="13 questions tagged io in the last 24 hours">13 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/io?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="58 questions tagged io in the last 7 days">58 this week</a></div>
488 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
489 |                     </div>
490 |                 </td>
491 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
492 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/module" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'module'" rel="tag">module</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11055</span></span>
493 |                         <div class="excerpt">A logical subdivision of a larger, more complex system.</div>
494 |                     <div>
495 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/module?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="8 questions tagged module in the last 24 hours">8 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/module?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="59 questions tagged module in the last 7 days">59 this week</a></div>
496 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
497 |                     </div>
498 |                 </td>
499 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
500 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/triggers" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'triggers'" rel="tag">triggers</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">11034</span></span>
501 |                         <div class="excerpt">rules, that when they evaluate to true perform one or more actions.</div>
502 |                     <div>
503 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/triggers?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged triggers in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/triggers?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="47 questions tagged triggers in the last 7 days">47 this week</a></div>
504 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
505 |                     </div>
506 |                 </td>
507 |             </tr>
508 |             <tr>
509 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
510 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/architecture" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'architecture'" rel="tag">architecture</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10943</span></span>
511 |                         <div class="excerpt">Architecture encompasses the process, artifacts and high-level structure of a solution.</div>
512 |                     <div>
513 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/architecture?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged architecture in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/architecture?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="39 questions tagged architecture in the last 7 days">39 this week</a></div>
514 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
515 |                     </div>
516 |                 </td>
517 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
518 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ssis" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ssis'" rel="tag">ssis</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10921</span></span>
519 |                         <div class="excerpt">SSIS (Microsoft SQL Server 
520 | Integration Services) is a platform for building enterprise-level data 
521 | integration and data transformations solutions. SQL Server Integration 
522 | Services (SSIS) is a tool that …</div>
523 |                     <div>
524 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ssis?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="12 questions tagged ssis in the last 24 hours">12 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ssis?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="49 questions tagged ssis in the last 7 days">49 this week</a></div>
525 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
526 |                     </div>
527 |                 </td>
528 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
529 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/typescript" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'typescript'" rel="tag">typescript</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10917</span></span>
530 |                         <div class="excerpt">a typed superset of 
531 | JavaScript created by Microsoft that adds optional types, classes, 
532 | interfaces and modules and compiles to plain JavaScript. TypeScript 
533 | includes advanced features such…</div>
534 |                     <div>
535 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/typescript?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="52 questions tagged typescript in the last 24 hours">52 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/typescript?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="275 questions tagged typescript in the last 7 days">275 this week</a></div>
536 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
537 |                     </div>
538 |                 </td>
539 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
540 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/url-rewriting" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'url-rewriting'" rel="tag">url-rewriting</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10879</span></span>
541 |                         <div class="excerpt">software that modifies a 
542 | web URL's appearance (URL rewriting). Rewritten URLs are used to provide
543 |  shorter and more relevant-looking links to web pages, to route users 
544 | from obso…</div>
545 |                     <div>
546 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/url-rewriting?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged url-rewriting in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/url-rewriting?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="54 questions tagged url-rewriting in the last 7 days">54 this week</a></div>
547 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
548 |                     </div>
549 |                 </td>
550 |             </tr>
551 |             <tr>
552 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
553 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/merge" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'merge'" rel="tag">merge</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10877</span></span>
554 |                         <div class="excerpt">a generic term for 
555 | combining two or more related sets of data. It is commonly associated 
556 | with revision control systems when reconciling multiple changes made to a
557 |  revision-controlled collec…</div>
558 |                     <div>
559 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/merge?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="14 questions tagged merge in the last 24 hours">14 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/merge?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="54 questions tagged merge in the last 7 days">54 this week</a></div>
560 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
561 |                     </div>
562 |                 </td>
563 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
564 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/model" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'model'" rel="tag">model</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10860</span></span>
565 |                         <div class="excerpt">Part of the MVC pattern, the Model manages the behaviour and data of the application. </div>
566 |                     <div>
567 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/model?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="44 questions tagged model in the last 7 days">44 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/model?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="168 questions tagged model in the last 30 days">168 this month</a></div>
568 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
569 |                     </div>
570 |                 </td>
571 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
572 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/proxy" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'proxy'" rel="tag">proxy</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10786</span></span>
573 |                         <div class="excerpt">a device or program that 
574 | stands between two or more interconnected programs or devices. Use 
575 | [dynamic-proxy] for the Java class and [proxy-pattern] for the design 
576 | pattern.</div>
577 |                     <div>
578 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/proxy?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="17 questions tagged proxy in the last 24 hours">17 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/proxy?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="59 questions tagged proxy in the last 7 days">59 this week</a></div>
579 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
580 |                     </div>
581 |                 </td>
582 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
583 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sqlite3" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'sqlite3'" rel="tag">sqlite3</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10771</span></span>
584 |                         <div class="excerpt">a software library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine. </div>
585 |                     <div>
586 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sqlite3?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged sqlite3 in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sqlite3?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="41 questions tagged sqlite3 in the last 7 days">41 this week</a></div>
587 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
588 |                     </div>
589 |                 </td>
590 |             </tr>
591 |             <tr>
592 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
593 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/coldfusion" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'coldfusion'" rel="tag">coldfusion</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10671</span></span>
594 |                         <div class="excerpt">a server-side rapid 
595 | application development platform, implementing the dynamic general 
596 | purpose CFML programming language. Please include CFML version, OS &amp;
597 |  web server in questions.</div>
598 |                     <div>
599 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/coldfusion?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="20 questions tagged coldfusion in the last 7 days">20 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/coldfusion?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="116 questions tagged coldfusion in the last 30 days">116 this month</a></div>
600 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
601 |                     </div>
602 |                 </td>
603 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
604 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/youtube" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'youtube'" rel="tag">youtube</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10598</span></span>
605 |                         <div class="excerpt">a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos.</div>
606 |                     <div>
607 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/youtube?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="10 questions tagged youtube in the last 24 hours">10 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/youtube?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="65 questions tagged youtube in the last 7 days">65 this week</a></div>
608 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
609 |                     </div>
610 |                 </td>
611 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
612 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scope" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'scope'" rel="tag">scope</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10576</span></span>
613 |                         <div class="excerpt">an enclosing context where 
614 | values and expressions are associated. Use this tag for questions about 
615 | different types of scope as well for questions where scope may be 
616 | unclear.</div>
617 |                     <div>
618 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scope?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="10 questions tagged scope in the last 24 hours">10 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scope?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="45 questions tagged scope in the last 7 days">45 this week</a></div>
619 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
620 |                     </div>
621 |                 </td>
622 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
623 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/split" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'split'" rel="tag">split</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10542</span></span>
624 |                         <div class="excerpt">for questions about separating a item (e.g. a string) into parts, often by a delimiter.</div>
625 |                     <div>
626 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/split?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged split in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/split?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="43 questions tagged split in the last 7 days">43 this week</a></div>
627 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
628 |                     </div>
629 |                 </td>
630 |             </tr>
631 |             <tr>
632 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
633 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/reference" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'reference'" rel="tag">reference</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10500</span></span>
634 |                         <div class="excerpt">a value that enables a 
635 | program to indirectly access a particular datum, such as a variable or a
636 |  record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device. </div>
637 |                     <div>
638 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/reference?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="27 questions tagged reference in the last 7 days">27 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/reference?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="119 questions tagged reference in the last 30 days">119 this month</a></div>
639 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
640 |                     </div>
641 |                 </td>
642 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
643 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/neo4j" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'neo4j'" rel="tag">neo4j</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10478</span></span>
644 |                         <div class="excerpt">an open-source, 
645 | transactional graph database well suited to connected data. You can use 
646 | it for a variety of use-cases directly from all JVM languages or via 
647 | other language drivers via the HTT…</div>
648 |                     <div>
649 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/neo4j?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged neo4j in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/neo4j?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="84 questions tagged neo4j in the last 7 days">84 this week</a></div>
650 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
651 |                     </div>
652 |                 </td>
653 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
654 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/static" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'static'" rel="tag">static</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10460</span></span>
655 |                         <div class="excerpt">a term used in some 
656 | programming languages to define a function or data storage area (field) 
657 | that is not bound to any specific object instance.  </div>
658 |                     <div>
659 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/static?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged static in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/static?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="36 questions tagged static in the last 7 days">36 this week</a></div>
660 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
661 |                     </div>
662 |                 </td>
663 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
664 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/terminal" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'terminal'" rel="tag">terminal</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10454</span></span>
665 |                         <div class="excerpt">a text-only interface for 
666 | interacting with an operating system or a piece of software. A user 
667 | typically types commands into the terminal to perform specific tas…</div>
668 |                     <div>
669 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/terminal?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="10 questions tagged terminal in the last 24 hours">10 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/terminal?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="63 questions tagged terminal in the last 7 days">63 this week</a></div>
670 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
671 |                     </div>
672 |                 </td>
673 |             </tr>
674 |             <tr>
675 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
676 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/stl" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'stl'" rel="tag">stl</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10453</span></span>
677 |                         <div class="excerpt">a C++ library of generic containers, iterators, algorithms, and function objects.
678 | 
679 | When C++ was standardised, large parts of the STL were adopted into the S…</div>
680 |                     <div>
681 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/stl?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged stl in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/stl?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="27 questions tagged stl in the last 7 days">27 this week</a></div>
682 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
683 |                     </div>
684 |                 </td>
685 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
686 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cocos2d-iphone" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'cocos2d-iphone'" rel="tag">cocos2d-iphone</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10452</span></span>
687 |                         <div class="excerpt">Objective-C version for iOS &amp; OS X of Cocos2d. Cocos2d is a framework for building 2D games and graphical applications.</div>
688 |                     <div>
689 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cocos2d-iphone?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="5 questions tagged cocos2d-iphone in the last 7 days">5 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cocos2d-iphone?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="13 questions tagged cocos2d-iphone in the last 30 days">13 this month</a></div>
690 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
691 |                     </div>
692 |                 </td>
693 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
694 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/lua" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'lua'" rel="tag">lua</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10443</span></span>
695 |                         <div class="excerpt">a powerful, fast, 
696 | lightweight, embeddable scripting language. It's dynamically typed, runs
697 |  by interpreting bytecode and has automatic garbage collection. Its 
698 | speed is one of the main reasons It…</div>
699 |                     <div>
700 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/lua?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged lua in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/lua?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="54 questions tagged lua in the last 7 days">54 this week</a></div>
701 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
702 |                     </div>
703 |                 </td>
704 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
705 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/windows-8" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'windows-8'" rel="tag">windows-8</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">10441</span></span>
706 |                         <div class="excerpt">The successor to Microsoft Windows 7 that focuses on a new interface style for touch-based devices and tablets.</div>
707 |                     <div>
708 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/windows-8?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="17 questions tagged windows-8 in the last 30 days">17 asked this month</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/windows-8?sort=newest&amp;days=365" title="387 questions tagged windows-8 in the last 365 days">387 this year</a></div>
709 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
710 |                     </div>
711 |                 </td>
712 |             </tr>
713 | 
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825 |                         <li><a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/" title="users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems">Unix &amp; Linux</a></li>
826 |                         <li><a href="http://apple.stackexchange.com/" title="power users of Apple hardware and software">Ask Different (Apple)</a></li>
827 |                         <li><a href="http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/" title="WordPress developers and administrators">WordPress Development</a></li>
828 |                         <li><a href="http://gis.stackexchange.com/" title="cartographers, geographers and GIS professionals">Geographic Information Systems</a></li>
829 |                         <li><a href="http://electronics.stackexchange.com/" title="electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Electrical Engineering</a></li>
830 |                         <li><a href="http://android.stackexchange.com/" title="enthusiasts and power users of the Android operating system">Android Enthusiasts</a></li>
831 |                         <li><a href="http://security.stackexchange.com/" title="information security professionals">Information Security</a></li>
832 |                             </ol></td><td><ol>
833 |                         <li><a href="http://dba.stackexchange.com/" title="database professionals who wish to improve their database skills and learn from others in the community">Database Administrators</a></li>
834 |                         <li><a href="http://drupal.stackexchange.com/" title="Drupal developers and administrators">Drupal Answers</a></li>
835 |                         <li><a href="http://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/" title="SharePoint enthusiasts">SharePoint</a></li>
836 |                         <li><a href="http://ux.stackexchange.com/" title="user experience researchers and experts">User Experience</a></li>
837 |                         <li><a href="http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/" title="users of Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li>
838 |                         <li><a href="http://salesforce.stackexchange.com/" title="Salesforce administrators, implementation experts, developers and anybody in-between">Salesforce</a></li>
839 |                         <li><a href="http://expressionengine.stackexchange.com/" title="administrators, end users, developers and designers for ExpressionEngine® CMS">ExpressionEngine® Answers</a></li>
840 |                     
841 |                         <li>
842 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#technology" class="more">
843 |                                 more (13)
844 |                             </a>
845 |                         </li>
846 |                 </ol>
847 |             </td>
848 |             <td>
849 |                 <ol>
850 |                         <li><a href="http://photo.stackexchange.com/" title="professional, enthusiast and amateur photographers">Photography</a></li>
851 |                         <li><a href="http://scifi.stackexchange.com/" title="science fiction and fantasy enthusiasts">Science Fiction &amp; Fantasy</a></li>
852 |                         <li><a href="http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/" title="Graphic Design professionals, students, and enthusiasts">Graphic Design</a></li>
853 |                         <li><a href="http://movies.stackexchange.com/" title="movie and tv enthusiasts">Movies &amp; TV</a></li>
854 |                         <li><a href="http://cooking.stackexchange.com/" title="professional and amateur chefs">Seasoned Advice (cooking)</a></li>
855 |                         <li><a href="http://diy.stackexchange.com/" title="contractors and serious DIYers">Home Improvement</a></li>
856 |                         <li><a href="http://money.stackexchange.com/" title="people who want to be financially literate">Personal Finance &amp; Money</a></li>
857 |                         <li><a href="http://academia.stackexchange.com/" title="academics and those enrolled in higher education">Academia</a></li>
858 |                     
859 |                         <li>
860 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#lifearts" class="more">
861 |                                 more (9)
862 |                             </a>
863 |                         </li>
864 |                 </ol>
865 |             </td>
866 |             <td>
867 |                 <ol>
868 |                         <li><a href="http://english.stackexchange.com/" title="linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts">English Language &amp; Usage</a></li>
869 |                         <li><a href="http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/" title="scientific skepticism">Skeptics</a></li>
870 |                         <li><a href="http://judaism.stackexchange.com/" title="those who base their lives on Jewish law and tradition and anyone interested in learning more">Mi Yodeya (Judaism)</a></li>
871 |                         <li><a href="http://travel.stackexchange.com/" title="road warriors and seasoned travelers">Travel</a></li>
872 |                         <li><a href="http://christianity.stackexchange.com/" title="committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more">Christianity</a></li>
873 |                         <li><a href="http://gaming.stackexchange.com/" title="passionate videogamers on all platforms">Arqade (gaming)</a></li>
874 |                         <li><a href="http://bicycles.stackexchange.com/" title="people who build and repair bicycles, people who train cycling, or commute on bicycles">Bicycles</a></li>
875 |                         <li><a href="http://rpg.stackexchange.com/" title="gamemasters and players of tabletop, paper-and-pencil role-playing games">Role-playing Games</a></li>
876 |                     
877 |                         <li>
878 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#culturerecreation" class="more">
879 |                                 more (21)
880 |                             </a>
881 |                         </li>
882 |                 </ol>
883 |             </td>
884 |             <td>
885 |                 <ol>
886 |                         <li><a href="http://math.stackexchange.com/" title="people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields">Mathematics</a></li>
887 |                         <li><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/" title="people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization">Cross Validated (stats)</a></li>
888 |                         <li><a href="http://cstheory.stackexchange.com/" title="theoretical computer scientists and researchers in related fields">Theoretical Computer Science</a></li>
889 |                         <li><a href="http://physics.stackexchange.com/" title="active researchers, academics and students of physics">Physics</a></li>
890 |                         <li><a href="http://mathoverflow.net/" title="professional mathematicians">MathOverflow</a></li>
891 |                         <li><a href="http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/" title="scientists, academics, teachers and students">Chemistry</a></li>
892 |                         <li><a href="http://biology.stackexchange.com/" title="biology researchers, academics, and students">Biology</a></li>
893 |                     
894 |                         <li>
895 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="more">
896 |                                 more (5)
897 |                             </a>
898 |                         </li>
899 |                 </ol>
900 |             </td>
901 |             <td>
902 |                 <ol>
903 |                         <li><a href="http://stackapps.com/" title="apps, scripts, and development with the Stack Exchange API">Stack Apps</a></li>
904 |                         <li><a href="http://meta.stackexchange.com/" title="meta-discussion of the Stack Exchange family of Q&amp;A websites">Meta Stack Exchange</a></li>
905 |                         <li><a href="http://area51.stackexchange.com/" title="proposing new sites in the Stack Exchange network">Area 51</a></li>
906 |                         <li><a href="http://careers.stackoverflow.com/">Stack Overflow Careers</a></li>
907 |                     
908 |                 </ol>
909 |             </td>
910 |     </tr>
911 | </tbody></table>
912 |                 </div>
913 |             </div>
914 |             <div id="copyright">
915 |                 site design / logo © 2016 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" rel="license">cc by-sa 3.0</a> 
916 |                 with <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/06/attribution-required/" rel="license">attribution required</a>
917 |             </div>
918 |             <div id="svnrev">
919 |                 rev 2016.6.1.3627
920 |             </div>
921 |         </div>
922 |     </div>
923 |     <noscript>
924 |         <div id="noscript-warning">Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled<img src="http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc.gif" alt="" class="dno"></div>
925 |     </noscript>
926 |         <script> setTimeout(function() { $("#adzerk-user-match").remove(); }, 2000);</script>
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949 |                 _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "17440561" });
950 |         })();
951 |                 
952 |     </script>
953 |         
954 |     
955 |     
956 | </body></html>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test/stackoverflow/Tags - 14 - Stack Overflow.html:
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  1 | <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 | <html><head>
  3 | <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  4 | 
  5 | <title>Tags - Stack Overflow</title>
  6 |     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/favicon.ico?v=4f32ecc8f43d">
  7 |     <link rel="apple-touch-icon image_src" href="http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=c78bd457575a">
  8 |     <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Stack Overflow" href="http://stackoverflow.com/opensearch.xml">
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 10 |     <meta name="twitter:domain" content="stackoverflow.com">
 11 |     <meta property="og:type" content="website">    
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 13 |     <meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" itemprop="title name" content="Tags">
 14 |     <meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" itemprop="description" content="Q&amp;A for professional and enthusiast programmers">
 15 |     <meta property="og:url" content="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=14&amp;tab=popular">
 16 | 
 17 |     
 18 |     
 19 |     <script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/quant.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/beacon.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/analytics.js" async=""></script><script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/jquery.js"></script><style type="text/css">:root div[id^="adzerk"],
 20 | :root #header + #content > #left > #rlblock_left,
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 24 | img[src="//clc.stackoverflow.com/to.gif"]
 25 | {display:none !important;}</style>
 26 |     <script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/stub.js"></script>
 27 |     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/all.css">
 28 | 
 29 | <meta name="robots" content="noindex">
 30 |     <style type="text/css">
 31 |         .excerpt, .stats-row
 32 |         {
 33 |             padding-top: 4px;
 34 |             padding-right: 8px;
 35 |             font-family: Arial,Liberation Sans,DejaVu Sans,sans-serif;  
 36 |             font-size: 12px;
 37 |             color: #858C93;     
 38 |         }
 39 |         .excerpt
 40 |         {
 41 |           font-size: 12px;
 42 |           height: 39px;
 43 |           line-height: 14px;
 44 |           overflow: hidden;
 45 |           margin-bottom: 4px;
 46 |         }
 47 |         .stats-row, .stats-row a, .stats-row a:visited
 48 |         {
 49 |             font-size: 11px;
 50 |             color: #3C3F44;
 51 |         }
 52 |         .stats-row .caption
 53 |         {
 54 |             color: #858C93;
 55 |         }
 56 |         .tags-browser
 57 |         {
 58 |             width: 25%;    
 59 |         }
 60 |         .tag-cell
 61 |         {
 62 |             width: 230px;
 63 |             border-bottom: 1px dotted #E4E6E7;
 64 |             padding-bottom: 12px;
 65 |             padding-right: 6px;
 66 |             padding-top: 6px;
 67 |             vertical-align: top;
 68 |         }
 69 |         #tags-browser tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
 70 |         .edit-link
 71 |         {
 72 |             float: right;
 73 |             margin-right: 18px;
 74 |             display: none;
 75 |             font-size: 11px;
 76 |         }
 77 |     </style>
 78 | 
 79 | 
 80 |     <script>
 81 |         StackExchange.init({"locale":"en","stackAuthUrl":"https://stackauth.com","networkMetaHostname":"meta.stackexchange.com","serverTime":1464772980,"routeName":"Tags/List","styleCode":true,"enableUserHovercards":true,"snippets":{"enabled":true,"domain":"stacksnippets.net"},"site":{"name":"Stack Overflow","description":"Q&A for professional and enthusiast programmers","isNoticesTabEnabled":true,"recaptchaPublicKey":"6LdchgIAAAAAAJwGpIzRQSOFaO0pU6s44Xt8aTwc","recaptchaAudioLang":"en","enableNewTagCreationWarning":true,"insertSpaceAfterNameTabCompletion":false,"id":1,"enableSocialMediaInSharePopup":true},"user":{"fkey":"69e35dac11f7b734c90c2bbcf26c52f4","rep":0,"isAnonymous":true,"isAnonymousNetworkWide":true}});
 82 |         StackExchange.using.setCacheBreakers({"js/prettify-full.en.js":"aa0f9031868d","js/moderator.en.js":"727f932bd7c7","js/full-anon.en.js":"cf3f32ed473b","js/full.en.js":"0dc04e04c707","js/wmd.en.js":"1981d61440c4","js/third-party/jquery.autocomplete.min.js":"e5f01e97f7c3","js/third-party/jquery.autocomplete.min.en.js":"","js/mobile.en.js":"3199d1e28733","js/help.en.js":"c8004cc0095d","js/tageditor.en.js":"9c6df10dabc4","js/tageditornew.en.js":"d8e50e4e80f6","js/inline-tag-editing.en.js":"7889156f8595","js/revisions.en.js":"47de10a8358f","js/review.en.js":"de5cb831c7d6","js/tagsuggestions.en.js":"d1ff9b84abe5","js/post-validation.en.js":"e769918cdd0b","js/explore-qlist.en.js":"e71f14781288","js/events.en.js":"1134dd5138ed","js/keyboard-shortcuts.en.js":"8db697c5d29f","js/external-editor.en.js":"34f78799ad2d","js/external-editor.en.js":"34f78799ad2d","js/snippet-javascript.en.js":"ba9a730814e8","js/snippet-javascript-codemirror.en.js":"c8d4f9d22938"});
 83 |         StackExchange.using("gps", function() {
 84 |              StackExchange.gps.init(true);
 85 |         });
 86 |     </script>
 87 |     
 88 |         <script>
 89 |             StackExchange.ready(function () {
 90 |                 $('#nav-tour').click(function () {
 91 |                     StackExchange.using("gps", function() {
 92 |                         StackExchange.gps.track("aboutpage.click", { aboutclick_location: "headermain" }, true);
 93 |                     });
 94 |                 });
 95 |             });
 96 |         </script>
 97 | <script src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/full-anon.js" async=""></script></head>
 98 | <body class="tags-page new-topbar">
 99 |     <noscript><div id="noscript-padding"></div></noscript>
100 |     
101 |         <script>(function () { var old = $.fn.contents; $.fn.contents = function () { try { return old.apply(this, arguments); } catch (e) { return $([]); } } })()</script>
102 |         
103 | 
104 | 
105 | 
106 | 
107 |     <div id="notify-container"></div>
108 |     <div id="overlay-header"></div>
109 |     <div id="custom-header"></div>
110 | 
111 | 
112 | 
113 | 
114 | 
115 | <div class="topbar">
116 |     <div class="topbar-wrapper">
117 | 
118 |         <div class="js-topbar-dialog-corral">
119 | 
120 | 
121 | <div class="topbar-dialog siteSwitcher-dialog dno">
122 |     <div class="header">
123 |         <h3><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/">current community</a></h3>
124 |     </div>
125 |     <div class="modal-content current-site-container">
126 |         <ul class="current-site">
127 |                 <li>
128 |                         <div class="related-links">
129 |                     <a href="http://chat.stackoverflow.com/" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:6 })">chat</a>
130 |             </div>
131 | 
132 | 
133 | 
134 | 
135 |     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/" class="current-site-link site-link js-gps-track" data-id="1" data-gps-track="
136 |         site_switcher.click({ item_type:3 })">
137 |         <div class="site-icon favicon favicon-stackoverflow" title="Stack Overflow"></div>
138 |         Stack Overflow
139 |     </a>
140 | 
141 |                 </li>
142 |                 <li class="related-site">
143 |                         <div class="L-shaped-icon-container">
144 |         <span class="L-shaped-icon"></span>
145 |     </div>
146 | 
147 |                     
148 | 
149 | 
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151 |     <a href="http://meta.stackoverflow.com/" class="site-link js-gps-track" data-id="552" data-gps-track="
152 |             site.switch({ target_site:552, item_type:3 }),
153 |         site_switcher.click({ item_type:4 })">
154 |         <div class="site-icon favicon favicon-stackoverflowmeta" title="Meta Stack Overflow"></div>
155 |         Meta Stack Overflow
156 |     </a>
157 | 
158 |                 </li>
159 |                             <li class="related-site">
160 |                         <div class="L-shaped-icon-container">
161 |         <span class="L-shaped-icon"></span>
162 |     </div>
163 | 
164 |                     <a class="site-link js-gps-track" href="http://careers.stackoverflow.com/?utm_source=stackoverflow.com&amp;utm_medium=site-ui&amp;utm_campaign=multicollider" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:9 })">
165 |                         <div class="site-icon favicon favicon-careers" title="Stack Overflow Careers"></div>
166 |                         Stack Overflow Careers
167 |                     </a>
168 |                 </li>
169 |         </ul>
170 |     </div>
171 |     <div class="header" id="your-communities-header">
172 |         <h3>
173 | your communities        </h3>
174 |             
175 |     </div>
176 |     <div class="modal-content" id="your-communities-section">
177 |             
178 |             <div class="call-to-login">
179 | <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/signup?ssrc=site_switcher&amp;returnurl=http%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2ftags%3fpage%3d14%26tab%3dpopular" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:10 })">Sign up</a> or <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=site_switcher&amp;returnurl=http%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2ftags%3fpage%3d14%26tab%3dpopular" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:11 })">log in</a> to customize your list.
180 |             </div>
181 |     </div>
182 |     <div class="header">
183 |         <h3><a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites">more stack exchange communities</a></h3>
184 |         <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/" class="fr">company blog</a>
185 |     </div>
186 |     <div class="modal-content">
187 |             <div class="child-content"></div>
188 |     </div>
189 | </div>
190 |         </div>
191 | 
192 |         <div class="network-items">
193 | 
194 |             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/" class="topbar-icon icon-site-switcher yes-hover js-site-switcher-button js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.show" title="A list of all 157 Stack Exchange sites">
195 |                 <span class="hidden-text">Stack Exchange</span>
196 |             </a>
197 | 
198 |     <a href="#" class="topbar-icon icon-inbox yes-hover js-inbox-button" title="Recent inbox messages">
199 |         <span class="hidden-text">Inbox</span>
200 |         <span class="unread-count" style="display:none"></span>
201 |     </a>
202 |     <a href="#" class="topbar-icon icon-achievements yes-hover js-achievements-button " data-unread-class="" title="Recent achievements: reputation, badges, and privileges earned">
203 |         <span class="hidden-text">Reputation and Badges</span>
204 |         <span class="unread-count" style="display:none">
205 |             
206 |         </span>
207 |     </a>
208 |         </div>
209 | 
210 |         <div class="topbar-links">
211 | 
212 |                 <div class="links-container">
213 |                 <span class="topbar-menu-links">
214 |                                     <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/signup?ssrc=head&amp;returnurl=http%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2ftags%3fpage%3d14%26tab%3dpopular" class="login-link">sign up</a>
215 |                                 <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=head&amp;returnurl=http%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2ftags%3fpage%3d14%26tab%3dpopular" class="login-link">log in</a>
216 | 
217 |                         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tour">tour</a>
218 |                             <a href="#" class="icon-help js-help-button" title="Help Center and other resources">
219 |         help
220 |         <span class="triangle"></span>
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227 |                             Tour
228 |                             <span class="item-summary">
229 |                                 Start here for a quick overview of the site
230 |                             </span>
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272 |             <div class="search-container">
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294 |                 <div class="nav mainnavs">
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315 | 
316 |         <div id="content" class="snippet-hidden">
317 |             
318 | 
319 | <div id="mainbar-full">
320 |     <div class="subheader">
321 |         <h1 id="h-tags">Tags</h1>
322 |         <div id="tabs">
323 |         <a class="youarehere" href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?tab=popular" data-nav-xhref="" title="most popular tags" data-value="popular" data-shortcut="">
324 |             popular</a>
325 |         <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/tags?tab=name" data-nav-xhref="" title="tags in alphabetical order" data-value="name" data-shortcut="">
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328 |             new</a>
329 | </div>
330 |     </div>
331 |     <div class="page-description">
332 |         <p>
333 |             A tag is a keyword or label that categorizes your question 
334 | with other, similar questions. Using the right tags makes it easier for 
335 | others to find and answer your question.
336 |         </p>
337 |         <table>
338 |             <tbody><tr>
339 |                 <td>Type to find tags:</td>
340 |                 <td style="padding-left:5px"><input id="tagfilter" name="tagfilter" maxlength="25" type="text"></td>            
341 |             </tr>
342 |         </tbody></table>
343 |     </div>
344 |     <div id="tags_list">
345 |           
346 | <table id="tags-browser">
347 |     
348 |             <tbody><tr>
349 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
350 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/asp.net-mvc-5" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'asp.net-mvc-5'" rel="tag">asp.net-mvc-5</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9637</span></span>
351 |                         <div class="excerpt">the fifth major version of the ASP.NET Model-View-Controller platform for web applications.</div>
352 |                     <div>
353 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/asp.net-mvc-5?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="62 questions tagged asp.net-mvc-5 in the last 7 days">62 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/asp.net-mvc-5?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="286 questions tagged asp.net-mvc-5 in the last 30 days">286 this month</a></div>
354 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
355 |                     </div>
356 |                 </td>
357 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
358 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/compiler-construction" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'compiler-construction'" rel="tag">compiler-construction</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9633</span></span>
359 |                         <div class="excerpt"> should be applied to 
360 | questions concerning the programming of compilers or for questions about
361 |  the detailed inner workings of compilers.</div>
362 |                     <div>
363 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/compiler-construction?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="12 questions tagged compiler-construction in the last 7 days">12 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/compiler-construction?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="50 questions tagged compiler-construction in the last 30 days">50 this month</a></div>
364 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
365 |                     </div>
366 |                 </td>
367 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
368 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios8" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ios8'" rel="tag">ios8</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9626</span></span>
369 |                         <div class="excerpt">the eighth version of 
370 | Apple's iOS mobile operating system. It was announced at Apple's 
371 | Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 2, 2014 and was later 
372 | released to the public on September…</div>
373 |                     <div>
374 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios8?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="11 questions tagged ios8 in the last 7 days">11 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ios8?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="34 questions tagged ios8 in the last 30 days">34 this month</a></div>
375 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
376 |                     </div>
377 |                 </td>
378 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
379 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dns" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'dns'" rel="tag">dns</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9592</span></span>
380 |                         <div class="excerpt">a hierarchical naming 
381 | system built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any 
382 | resource connected to the Internet or a private network.</div>
383 |                     <div>
384 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dns?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="19 questions tagged dns in the last 24 hours">19 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dns?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="73 questions tagged dns in the last 7 days">73 this week</a></div>
385 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
386 |                     </div>
387 |                 </td>
388 |             </tr>
389 |             <tr>
390 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
391 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/uiwebview" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'uiwebview'" rel="tag">uiwebview</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9591</span></span>
392 |                         <div class="excerpt">display web content from within an iOS application.</div>
393 |                     <div>
394 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/uiwebview?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged uiwebview in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/uiwebview?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="25 questions tagged uiwebview in the last 7 days">25 this week</a></div>
395 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
396 |                     </div>
397 |                 </td>
398 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
399 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tree" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'tree'" rel="tag">tree</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9586</span></span>
400 |                         <div class="excerpt">a widely-used data structure that emulates a hierarchical tree-like structure with a set of linked nodes.</div>
401 |                     <div>
402 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tree?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged tree in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tree?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="45 questions tagged tree in the last 7 days">45 this week</a></div>
403 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
404 |                     </div>
405 |                 </td>
406 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
407 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/get" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'get'" rel="tag">get</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9575</span></span>
408 |                         <div class="excerpt">one of many request methods
409 |  supported by the HTTP protocol. The GET request method is used when the
410 |  client needs to get data from the server as part of the request-URI. 
411 | </div>
412 |                     <div>
413 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/get?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged get in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/get?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="40 questions tagged get in the last 7 days">40 this week</a></div>
414 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
415 |                     </div>
416 |                 </td>
417 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
418 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/f%23" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'f#'" rel="tag">f#</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9571</span></span>
419 |                         <div class="excerpt">a succinct, expressive and 
420 | efficient functional and object-oriented language for .NET which helps 
421 | you write simple code to solve complex problems.</div>
422 |                     <div>
423 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/f%23?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="21 questions tagged f# in the last 7 days">21 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/f%23?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="112 questions tagged f# in the last 30 days">112 this month</a></div>
424 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
425 |                     </div>
426 |                 </td>
427 |             </tr>
428 |             <tr>
429 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
430 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/phpmyadmin" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'phpmyadmin'" rel="tag">phpmyadmin</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9553</span></span>
431 |                         <div class="excerpt">an open-source, web-based 
432 | MySQL administration tool written in PHP. Use this tag for problems 
433 | related to using this tool and not for general query problems</div>
434 |                     <div>
435 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/phpmyadmin?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged phpmyadmin in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/phpmyadmin?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="53 questions tagged phpmyadmin in the last 7 days">53 this week</a></div>
436 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
437 |                     </div>
438 |                 </td>
439 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
440 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linked-list" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'linked-list'" rel="tag">linked-list</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9553</span></span>
441 |                         <div class="excerpt">a data structure in which 
442 | the elements contain references to the next (and optionally the 
443 | previous) element. Linked lists offer O(1) insert after and removal of 
444 | any element with known…</div>
445 |                     <div>
446 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linked-list?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="7 questions tagged linked-list in the last 24 hours">7 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linked-list?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="37 questions tagged linked-list in the last 7 days">37 this week</a></div>
447 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
448 |                     </div>
449 |                 </td>
450 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
451 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spring-boot" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'spring-boot'" rel="tag">spring-boot</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9528</span></span>
452 |                         <div class="excerpt">Spring Boot makes it easy 
453 | to create Spring-powered, production-grade applications and services 
454 | with absolute minimum fuss. It takes an opinionated view of the Spring 
455 | platform so that new and existing …</div>
456 |                     <div>
457 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spring-boot?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="44 questions tagged spring-boot in the last 24 hours">44 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spring-boot?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="176 questions tagged spring-boot in the last 7 days">176 this week</a></div>
458 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
459 |                     </div>
460 |                 </td>
461 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
462 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/map" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'map'" rel="tag">map</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9518</span></span>
463 |                         <div class="excerpt">a data structure relating keys to values.
464 | For questions about mapping functions use [map-function] instead.
465 | For questions about geography, use [maps] instead.</div>
466 |                     <div>
467 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"></div>
468 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
469 |                     </div>
470 |                 </td>
471 |             </tr>
472 |             <tr>
473 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
474 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/null" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'null'" rel="tag">null</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9511</span></span>
475 |                         <div class="excerpt">Null means *nothing* or *unknown*, depending on context.
476 | </div>
477 |                     <div>
478 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/null?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged null in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/null?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="29 questions tagged null in the last 7 days">29 this week</a></div>
479 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
480 |                     </div>
481 |                 </td>
482 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
483 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mfc" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'mfc'" rel="tag">mfc</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9500</span></span>
484 |                         <div class="excerpt">The Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) is a C++ framework for Windows GUI programming.  </div>
485 |                     <div>
486 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mfc?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="10 questions tagged mfc in the last 24 hours">10 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mfc?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="34 questions tagged mfc in the last 7 days">34 this week</a></div>
487 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
488 |                     </div>
489 |                 </td>
490 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
491 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/visual-studio-2015" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'visual-studio-2015'" rel="tag">visual-studio-2015</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9484</span></span>
492 |                         <div class="excerpt">the latest version of 
493 | Microsoft's Visual Studio product suite. Do not use this tag unless you 
494 | have a specific question about Visual Studio -- not just a coding issue.</div>
495 |                     <div>
496 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/visual-studio-2015?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="38 questions tagged visual-studio-2015 in the last 24 hours">38 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/visual-studio-2015?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="208 questions tagged visual-studio-2015 in the last 7 days">208 this week</a></div>
497 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
498 |                     </div>
499 |                 </td>
500 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
501 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ms-word" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'ms-word'" rel="tag">ms-word</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9475</span></span>
502 |                         <div class="excerpt">a commercial word processor designed by Microsoft.</div>
503 |                     <div>
504 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ms-word?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged ms-word in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ms-word?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="54 questions tagged ms-word in the last 7 days">54 this week</a></div>
505 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
506 |                     </div>
507 |                 </td>
508 |             </tr>
509 |             <tr>
510 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
511 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linux-kernel" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'linux-kernel'" rel="tag">linux-kernel</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9463</span></span>
512 |                         <div class="excerpt">for questions about the 
513 | internals of the Linux kernel itself - particularly about writing code 
514 | that runs within the context of the kernel (like kernel modules or 
515 | drivers).
516 | 
517 | Questions abo…</div>
518 |                     <div>
519 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linux-kernel?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="15 questions tagged linux-kernel in the last 24 hours">15 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/linux-kernel?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="39 questions tagged linux-kernel in the last 7 days">39 this week</a></div>
520 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
521 |                     </div>
522 |                 </td>
523 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
524 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cassandra" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'cassandra'" rel="tag">cassandra</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9456</span></span>
525 |                         <div class="excerpt">a highly scalable, eventually consistent, distributed, structured row/column store.</div>
526 |                     <div>
527 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cassandra?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="14 questions tagged cassandra in the last 24 hours">14 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cassandra?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="77 questions tagged cassandra in the last 7 days">77 this week</a></div>
528 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
529 |                     </div>
530 |                 </td>
531 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
532 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/xml-parsing" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'xml-parsing'" rel="tag">xml-parsing</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9400</span></span>
533 |                         <div class="excerpt">An XML parser goes through 
534 | text documents containing XML trees and allows the information in the 
535 | hierarchy to be used. Use this tag for problems implementing an XML 
536 | parser or generated by the use of a…</div>
537 |                     <div>
538 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/xml-parsing?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged xml-parsing in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/xml-parsing?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="21 questions tagged xml-parsing in the last 7 days">21 this week</a></div>
539 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
540 |                     </div>
541 |                 </td>
542 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
543 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/camera" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'camera'" rel="tag">camera</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9392</span></span>
544 |                         <div class="excerpt">a device that takes 
545 | physical or digital photos. In the virtual world, it is used to aim at 
546 | virtual objects and or move through a virtual scene.</div>
547 |                     <div>
548 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/camera?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged camera in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/camera?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="46 questions tagged camera in the last 7 days">46 this week</a></div>
549 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
550 |                     </div>
551 |                 </td>
552 |             </tr>
553 |             <tr>
554 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
555 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server-2008-r2" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'sql-server-2008-r2'" rel="tag">sql-server-2008-r2</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9392</span></span>
556 |                         <div class="excerpt">for questions specific to the 2008 R2 version of Microsoft's SQL Server.</div>
557 |                     <div>
558 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server-2008-r2?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="18 questions tagged sql-server-2008-r2 in the last 7 days">18 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server-2008-r2?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="90 questions tagged sql-server-2008-r2 in the last 30 days">90 this month</a></div>
559 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
560 |                     </div>
561 |                 </td>
562 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
563 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/textbox" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'textbox'" rel="tag">textbox</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9391</span></span>
564 |                         <div class="excerpt">a graphical user interface element which allows for simple input text, usually only a single line of text.</div>
565 |                     <div>
566 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/textbox?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged textbox in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/textbox?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="23 questions tagged textbox in the last 7 days">23 this week</a></div>
567 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
568 |                     </div>
569 |                 </td>
570 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
571 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/com" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'com'" rel="tag">com</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9368</span></span>
572 |                         <div class="excerpt">a component technology from Microsoft, featuring remoting, language independence and interface-based programming.
573 | For questions about the COM serial port, you should u…</div>
574 |                     <div>
575 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/com?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="12 questions tagged com in the last 7 days">12 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/com?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="91 questions tagged com in the last 30 days">91 this month</a></div>
576 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
577 |                     </div>
578 |                 </td>
579 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
580 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/routing" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'routing'" rel="tag">routing</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9287</span></span>
581 |                         <div class="excerpt">the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic.
582 | 
583 | For the process of associating URLs to content, use the tag url-routing instead.</div>
584 |                     <div>
585 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/routing?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="9 questions tagged routing in the last 24 hours">9 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/routing?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="48 questions tagged routing in the last 7 days">48 this week</a></div>
586 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
587 |                     </div>
588 |                 </td>
589 |             </tr>
590 |             <tr>
591 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
592 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cuda" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'cuda'" rel="tag">cuda</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9266</span></span>
593 |                         <div class="excerpt">a parallel computing 
594 | platform and programming model for Nvidia GPUs (Graphics Processing 
595 | Units). CUDA provides an interface to Nvidia GPUs through a variety of 
596 | programming languages, libraries…</div>
597 |                     <div>
598 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cuda?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="30 questions tagged cuda in the last 7 days">30 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cuda?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="145 questions tagged cuda in the last 30 days">145 this month</a></div>
599 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
600 |                     </div>
601 |                 </td>
602 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
603 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/localization" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'localization'" rel="tag">localization</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9229</span></span>
604 |                         <div class="excerpt">the process of adapting a 
605 | product or service to a particular language, culture, and desired local 
606 | "look-and-feel. Localization can be referred to by the numeronym L10N or
607 |  l10n (as in: …</div>
608 |                     <div>
609 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/localization?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="6 questions tagged localization in the last 24 hours">6 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/localization?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="30 questions tagged localization in the last 7 days">30 this week</a></div>
610 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
611 |                     </div>
612 |                 </td>
613 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
614 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-ndk" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'android-ndk'" rel="tag"><img src="Tags%20-%2014%20-%20Stack%20Overflow_files/tKsDb.png" alt="" class="sponsor-tag-img" height="16" width="18">android-ndk</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9220</span></span>
615 |                         <div class="excerpt">a companion tool to the 
616 | Android SDK that lets you build performance-critical portions of your 
617 | apps in native code or port existing libraries in C/C++ to And…</div>
618 |                     <div>
619 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-ndk?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="15 questions tagged android-ndk in the last 24 hours">15 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android-ndk?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="60 questions tagged android-ndk in the last 7 days">60 this week</a></div>
620 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
621 |                     </div>
622 |                 </td>
623 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
624 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/outlook" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'outlook'" rel="tag">outlook</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9194</span></span>
625 |                         <div class="excerpt">a personal information 
626 | manager from Microsoft (most notably used for handling e-mail), 
627 | available both as a separate application as well as a part of the 
628 | Microsoft Office suite.</div>
629 |                     <div>
630 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/outlook?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="18 questions tagged outlook in the last 24 hours">18 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/outlook?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="65 questions tagged outlook in the last 7 days">65 this week</a></div>
631 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
632 |                     </div>
633 |                 </td>
634 |             </tr>
635 |             <tr>
636 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
637 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/crystal-reports" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'crystal-reports'" rel="tag">crystal-reports</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9162</span></span>
638 |                         <div class="excerpt">a report writer that 
639 | operates as a stand-alone report designer, an integrated part of Visual 
640 | Studio, or part of SAP's Business Objects Enterprise suite.
641 | 
642 | </div>
643 |                     <div>
644 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/crystal-reports?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="31 questions tagged crystal-reports in the last 7 days">31 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/crystal-reports?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="153 questions tagged crystal-reports in the last 30 days">153 this month</a></div>
645 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
646 |                     </div>
647 |                 </td>
648 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
649 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/iis-7" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'iis-7'" rel="tag">iis-7</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9127</span></span>
650 |                         <div class="excerpt">IIS (Internet Information 
651 | Services) Version 7 – is a web server application and a set of feature 
652 | extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows. 
653 | Released with Window Server 2008…</div>
654 |                     <div>
655 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/iis-7?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="10 questions tagged iis-7 in the last 7 days">10 asked this week</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/iis-7?sort=newest&amp;days=30" title="53 questions tagged iis-7 in the last 30 days">53 this month</a></div>
656 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
657 |                     </div>
658 |                 </td>
659 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
660 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/redis" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'redis'" rel="tag">redis</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9121</span></span>
661 |                         <div class="excerpt">An open source BSD-licensed
662 |  in-memory data structure store used as database, cache and message 
663 | broker. Supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, 
664 | sorted sets with range queries, bi…</div>
665 |                     <div>
666 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/redis?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="16 questions tagged redis in the last 24 hours">16 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/redis?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="64 questions tagged redis in the last 7 days">64 this week</a></div>
667 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
668 |                     </div>
669 |                 </td>
670 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
671 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/push-notification" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'push-notification'" rel="tag">push-notification</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9107</span></span>
672 |                         <div class="excerpt">alerts, badges, or sounds which are pushed to a mobile device from a remote server.
673 | 
674 | Apple delivers push notifications via the Apple Push Notification Service (APNS). Android …</div>
675 |                     <div>
676 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/push-notification?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="12 questions tagged push-notification in the last 24 hours">12 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/push-notification?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="63 questions tagged push-notification in the last 7 days">63 this week</a></div>
677 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
678 |                     </div>
679 |                 </td>
680 |             </tr>
681 |             <tr>
682 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
683 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mapreduce" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'mapreduce'" rel="tag">mapreduce</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9104</span></span>
684 |                         <div class="excerpt">an algorithm for processing huge datasets on certain kinds of distributable problems using a large number of nodes</div>
685 |                     <div>
686 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mapreduce?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="11 questions tagged mapreduce in the last 24 hours">11 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mapreduce?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="45 questions tagged mapreduce in the last 7 days">45 this week</a></div>
687 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
688 |                     </div>
689 |                 </td>
690 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
691 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/eclipse-plugin" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'eclipse-plugin'" rel="tag">eclipse-plugin</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">9047</span></span>
692 |                         <div class="excerpt">an OSGi extensible platform for tool integration.  The extensions to Eclipse are Java plug-ins.</div>
693 |                     <div>
694 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/eclipse-plugin?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged eclipse-plugin in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/eclipse-plugin?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="33 questions tagged eclipse-plugin in the last 7 days">33 this week</a></div>
695 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
696 |                     </div>
697 |                 </td>
698 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
699 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/notifications" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'notifications'" rel="tag">notifications</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">8977</span></span>
700 |                         <div class="excerpt">A notification informs users of events that are unrelated to the current user activity. </div>
701 |                     <div>
702 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/notifications?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="8 questions tagged notifications in the last 24 hours">8 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/notifications?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="44 questions tagged notifications in the last 7 days">44 this week</a></div>
703 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
704 |                     </div>
705 |                 </td>
706 |                 <td class="tag-cell">
707 |                     <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/msbuild" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'msbuild'" rel="tag">msbuild</a><span class="item-multiplier"><span class="item-multiplier-x">×</span>&nbsp;<span class="item-multiplier-count">8940</span></span>
708 |                         <div class="excerpt">Microsoft Build Engine, also known as MSBuild, is a build platform for managed code and was part of .NET Framework. </div>
709 |                     <div>
710 |                         <div class="stats-row fl"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/msbuild?sort=newest&amp;days=1" title="5 questions tagged msbuild in the last 24 hours">5 asked today</a>, <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/msbuild?sort=newest&amp;days=7" title="21 questions tagged msbuild in the last 7 days">21 this week</a></div>
711 |                         <div class="cbt"></div>
712 |                     </div>
713 |                 </td>
714 |             </tr>
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892 |                         <li><a href="http://mathoverflow.net/" title="professional mathematicians">MathOverflow</a></li>
893 |                         <li><a href="http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/" title="scientists, academics, teachers and students">Chemistry</a></li>
894 |                         <li><a href="http://biology.stackexchange.com/" title="biology researchers, academics, and students">Biology</a></li>
895 |                     
896 |                         <li>
897 |                             <a href="http://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="more">
898 |                                 more (5)
899 |                             </a>
900 |                         </li>
901 |                 </ol>
902 |             </td>
903 |             <td>
904 |                 <ol>
905 |                         <li><a href="http://stackapps.com/" title="apps, scripts, and development with the Stack Exchange API">Stack Apps</a></li>
906 |                         <li><a href="http://meta.stackexchange.com/" title="meta-discussion of the Stack Exchange family of Q&amp;A websites">Meta Stack Exchange</a></li>
907 |                         <li><a href="http://area51.stackexchange.com/" title="proposing new sites in the Stack Exchange network">Area 51</a></li>
908 |                         <li><a href="http://careers.stackoverflow.com/">Stack Overflow Careers</a></li>
909 |                     
910 |                 </ol>
911 |             </td>
912 |     </tr>
913 | </tbody></table>
914 |                 </div>
915 |             </div>
916 |             <div id="copyright">
917 |                 site design / logo © 2016 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" rel="license">cc by-sa 3.0</a> 
918 |                 with <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/06/attribution-required/" rel="license">attribution required</a>
919 |             </div>
920 |             <div id="svnrev">
921 |                 rev 2016.6.1.3627
922 |             </div>
923 |         </div>
924 |     </div>
925 |     <noscript>
926 |         <div id="noscript-warning">Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled<img src="http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc.gif" alt="" class="dno"></div>
927 |     </noscript>
928 |         <script> setTimeout(function() { $("#adzerk-user-match").remove(); }, 2000);</script>
929 | 
930 |     <script>
931 |         (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {
932 |             i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o),
933 |             m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m);
934 |         })(window, document, 'script', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga');
935 |         ga('create', 'UA-5620270-1');
936 |                         ga('send', 'pageview');
937 |         var _qevents = _qevents || [],
938 |             _comscore = _comscore || [];
939 |         (function () {
940 |             var ssl='https:'==document.location.protocol,
941 |                 s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],
942 |                 qc=document.createElement('script');
943 |                 qc.async = true;
944 |                 qc.src = (ssl ? 'https://secure' : 'http://edge') + '.quantserve.com/quant.js';
945 |                 s.parentNode.insertBefore(qc, s);
946 |                 _qevents.push({ qacct: "p-c1rF4kxgLUzNc" });
947 |                             var sc=document.createElement('script');
948 |                 sc.async=true;
949 |                 sc.src=(ssl?'https://sb':'http://b') + '.scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js';
950 |                 s.parentNode.insertBefore(sc, s);
951 |                 _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "17440561" });
952 |         })();
953 |                 
954 |     </script>
955 |         
956 |     
957 |     
958 | </body></html>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/test/test_stackoverflow.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | import os
  2 | 
  3 | import scrapely.htmlpage as hp
  4 | 
  5 | import page_clustering
  6 | 
  7 | 
  8 | JOBS = [
  9 |     'Jobs - 1 - Stack Overflow.html',
 10 |     'Jobs - 2 - Stack Overflow.html',
 11 |     'Jobs - 3- Stack Overflow.html',
 12 |     'Jobs - 4 - Stack Overflow.html',
 13 |     'Jobs - 5 - Stack Overflow.html',
 14 |     'Jobs - 6 - Stack Overflow.html',
 15 |     'Jobs - 7 - Stack Overflow.html',
 16 |     'Jobs - 8 - Stack Overflow.html',
 17 |     'Jobs - 9 - Stack Overflow.html',
 18 |     'Jobs - 10 - Stack Overflow.html',
 19 |     'Jobs - 11 - Stack Overflow.html',
 20 |     'Jobs - 12 - Stack Overflow.html',
 21 |     'Jobs - 13 - Stack Overflow.html',
 22 |     'Jobs - 14 - Stack Overflow.html',
 23 |     'Jobs - 15 - Stack Overflow.html',
 24 | ]
 25 | 
 26 | QUESTION_LIST = [
 27 |     'Newest Questions - Page 1 - Stack Overflow.html',
 28 |     'Newest Questions - Page 2 - Stack Overflow.html',
 29 |     'Newest Questions - Page 3 - Stack Overflow.html',
 30 |     'Newest Questions - Page 4 - Stack Overflow.html',
 31 |     'Newest Questions - Page 5 - Stack Overflow.html',
 32 |     'Newest Questions - Page 6 - Stack Overflow.html',
 33 |     'Newest Questions - Page 7 - Stack Overflow.html',
 34 |     'Newest Questions - Page 8 - Stack Overflow.html',
 35 |     'Newest Questions - Page 9 - Stack Overflow.html',
 36 |     'Newest Questions - Page 10 - Stack Overflow.html',
 37 |     'Newest Questions - Page 11 - Stack Overflow.html',
 38 |     'Newest Questions - Page 12 - Stack Overflow.html',
 39 |     'Newest Questions - Page 13 - Stack Overflow.html',
 40 |     'Newest Questions - Page 14 - Stack Overflow.html',
 41 |     'Newest Questions - Page 15 - Stack Overflow.html',
 42 | ]
 43 | 
 44 | QUESTION_DETAIL = [
 45 |     'Question - 1 - Stack Overflow.html',
 46 |     'Question - 2 - Stack Overflow.html',
 47 |     'Question - 3 - Stack Overflow.html',
 48 |     'Question - 4 - Stack Overflow.html',
 49 |     'Question - 5 - Stack Overflow.html',
 50 |     'Question - 6 - Stack Overflow.html',
 51 |     'Question - 7 - Stack Overflow.html',
 52 |     'Question - 8 - Stack Overflow.html',
 53 |     'Question - 9 - Stack Overflow.html',
 54 |     'Question - 10 - Stack Overflow.html',
 55 |     'Question - 11 - Stack Overflow.html',
 56 |     'Question - 12 - Stack Overflow.html',
 57 |     'Question - 13 - Stack Overflow.html',
 58 |     'Question - 14 - Stack Overflow.html',
 59 |     'Question - 15 - Stack Overflow.html',
 60 | ]
 61 | 
 62 | TAGS = [
 63 |     'Tags - 1 - Stack Overflow.html',
 64 |     'Tags - 2 - Stack Overflow.html',
 65 |     'Tags - 3 - Stack Overflow.html',
 66 |     'Tags - 4 - Stack Overflow.html',
 67 |     'Tags - 5 - Stack Overflow.html',
 68 |     'Tags - 6 - Stack Overflow.html',
 69 |     'Tags - 7 - Stack Overflow.html',
 70 |     'Tags - 8 - Stack Overflow.html',
 71 |     'Tags - 9 - Stack Overflow.html',
 72 |     'Tags - 10 - Stack Overflow.html',
 73 |     'Tags - 11 - Stack Overflow.html',
 74 |     'Tags - 12 - Stack Overflow.html',
 75 |     'Tags - 13 - Stack Overflow.html',
 76 |     'Tags - 14 - Stack Overflow.html',
 77 |     'Tags - 15 - Stack Overflow.html',
 78 | ]
 79 | 
 80 | USERS = [
 81 |     'Users - 1 - Stack Overflow.html',
 82 |     'Users - 2 - Stack Overflow.html',
 83 |     'Users - 3 - Stack Overflow.html',
 84 |     'Users - 4 - Stack Overflow.html',
 85 |     'Users - 5 - Stack Overflow.html',
 86 |     'Users - 6 - Stack Overflow.html',
 87 |     'Users - 8 - Stack Overflow.html',
 88 |     'Users - 9 - Stack Overflow.html',
 89 |     'Users - 10 - Stack Overflow.html',
 90 |     'Users - 11 - Stack Overflow.html',
 91 |     'Users - 12 - Stack Overflow.html',
 92 |     'Users - 13 - Stack Overflow.html',
 93 |     'Users - 14 - Stack Overflow.html',
 94 |     'Users - 15 - Stack Overflow.html',
 95 | ]
 96 | 
 97 | ALL = [
 98 |     JOBS,
 99 |     QUESTION_LIST,
100 |     QUESTION_DETAIL,
101 |     TAGS,
102 |     USERS
103 | ]
104 | 
105 | 
106 | def load_page(name, path='stackoverflow'):
107 |     datadir = os.environ.get('DATAPATH', '.')
108 |     with open(os.path.join(datadir, path, name), 'r') as f:
109 |         body = f.read()
110 |     return hp.HtmlPage(url=name, body=body.decode('utf-8'))
111 | 
112 | 
113 | def test_clustering():
114 |     clt = page_clustering.kmeans_from_samples(
115 |         load_page(group[0]) for group in ALL)
116 |     for group in ALL:
117 |         for name in group[1:11]:
118 |             clt.add_page(load_page(name))
119 |     for i, group in enumerate(ALL):
120 |         for name in group:
121 |             assert(clt.classify(load_page(name)) ==  i)
122 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/tox.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | [tox]
 2 | envlist = py27
 3 | 
 4 | [testenv]
 5 | sitepackages=True
 6 | deps =
 7 |      pytest
 8 |     -r{toxinidir}/requirements.txt
 9 | 
10 | commands=py.test
11 | 
12 | setenv =
13 |     DATAPATH={toxinidir}/test


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------