├── AUTHORS ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── agent └── ht-agent.cs └── server ├── ConfigReader.py ├── Cracker.py ├── Dockerfile ├── GenerationServer.py ├── alert.py ├── daemon.sh ├── dcept.cfg ├── dcept.py ├── docker_build.sh ├── example.pcap └── launcher.sh /AUTHORS: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | DCEPT - A tool for deploying honeytoken-based tripwires 2 | 3 | Primary authors: Joe Stewart and James Bettke, security researchers for Dell SecureWorks. 4 | 5 | A special thanks to SANS Handler Mark Baggett, for the suggestion of using Microsoft's own APIs to inject honeytokens into memory: 6 | 7 | https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Detecting+Mimikatz+Use+On+Your+Network/19311 8 | 9 | Also thanks to known and unknown authors of public-domain code snippets and libraries that made this project relatively simple to create. We all stand on the shoulders of giants. 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, 15 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to 16 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free 17 | software for all its users. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | DCEPT - A Security tool for deploying honeytoken-based tripwires. 635 | Copyright (C) 2016 Dell SecureWorks 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | DCEPT Copyright (C) 2016 Dell SecureWorks 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | DCEPT 3 | ===== 4 | 5 | DCEPT (Domain Controller Enticing Password Tripwire) is a honeytoken-based tripwire for Microsoft's Active Directory. Honeytokens are pieces of information intentionally littered on system so they can be discovered by an intruder. In the case of DCEPT, the honeytokens are credentials that would only be known by a someone extracting them from memory. A logon attempt using these faux credentials would mean someone was inside the network and is attempting privilege escalation to domain administrator. 6 | 7 | This proof of concept is being released as open source to benefit Windows system administrators. The goal of this project was to provide a free, simple, honeytoken deployment tool as well as educate administrators about the nature of these attacks. We encourage contributors to build on what we have done and welcome feedback. Has DCEPT helped your organization spot an intrusion before it was too late? We would like to hear from you. 8 | 9 | More information about this research project can be found here: https://www.secureworks.com/blog/dcept 10 | 11 | 12 | ## Overview 13 | 14 | There are three components to DCEPT. The first is an agent written in C# that caches honeytokens in memory on the endpoints. The tokens themselves are invalid credentials and pose no risk of compromise. Honeytokens are requested at regular intervals and are uniquely associated with a workstation for a particular window of time; therefore providing a forensic timeline. In the event a honeytoken is used on a different workstation at a later date, its point of origin is still known, potentially narrowing the scope of an investigation. 15 | 16 | The second is a server component that generates and issues honeytokens to requesting endpoints. Generated tokens are stored in a database along with the timestamp and endpoint that requested it. 17 | 18 | A third component acts as a monitor that passively listens for logon attempts. In order to capture the necessary packets, the DCEPT interface needs to be on the same network as the domain controller. 19 | 20 | 21 | ## Getting Started 22 | 23 | A Docker container build for the server components is provided, making deployment a simple process. Before you can use DCEPT, you must have Docker installed on your system. Consult the Docker website for [installation instructions] (https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/). 24 | 25 | ### Configuration 26 | 27 | The configuration file is named “dcept.cfg” and must be modified before running the Docker container. Currently only notifications via rsyslog are supported. Configure syslog_host to point to your SIEM's syslog server. 28 | 29 | #### Multi-server Architecture 30 | DCEPT can be run in standalone or a multi-server configuration. By default, DCEPT runs as a master node where it is responsible for generating credentials and sniffing out the authentication requests. Traffic from multiple DCs can be monitored by a single DCEPT instance using network taps. Alternatively, DCEPT can run as a slave node by setting the “master_node” option to point to a master node. In this configuration, the slave nodes sniff and then relay relevant data to the master node where it is matched against the database of credentials. 31 | 32 | ### Building the Docker Image 33 | 34 | ```bash 35 | root@host:~# cd server 36 | root@host:~# ./docker_build.sh 37 | ``` 38 | 39 | ### Running the Docker Image as a Container 40 | 41 | Run the Docker container interactively with the following command: 42 | ```bash 43 | root@host:~# cd server 44 | root@host:~# ./launcher.sh 45 | ``` 46 | 47 | Run the container in the background with the following command: 48 | ```bash 49 | root@host:~# cd server 50 | root@host:~# ./daemon.sh 51 | ``` 52 | 53 | ### Building the Agent 54 | 55 | The agent is provided as C# source code only, designed to be audited and compiled by the network administrator before deploying to endpoints. If you are compiling on a Windows system, Microsoft provides Visual Studio Express for free which can be downloaded [here] (https://www.visualstudio.com/products/visual-studio-express-vs). 56 | 57 | #### Configuring the Agent 58 | 59 | The agent configuration is hardcoded and must be altered prior to compilation. Toward the top of the code, you will find two constants *URL* and *PARAM*. The URL should point to the DCEPT Generation Server. The URL can also contain any number of arbitrary directories/subdirectories. This is simply cosmetic and intended to intrigue a hacker should they come across the URL. The *PARAM* constant is how the agent passes the endpoint hostname to the Generation server. The parameter name can also be changed for cosmetic purposes, but be sure that is reflected in the generation server configuration file. 60 | 61 | IMPORTANT: Using names such as “honeytoken” or anything else that might suggest you are using DCEPT to a hacker is both counterintuitive and highly discouraged. 62 | 63 | ```c# 64 | // Edit this to point to your Honeytoken server URL 65 | static string URL="http://not-a-dcept-server-wink.domain.lan/backup/auth/nonsense"; 66 | static string PARAM="machine"; 67 | ``` 68 | 69 | #### Compiling on Ubuntu 70 | 71 | If you prefer to compile from an Ubuntu system, you can use mono. If you don't already have it installed, you can run the following command to install the mono development packages and C# compiler. 72 | 73 | ```bash 74 | root@host:~# apt-get install monodevelop mono-mcs 75 | ``` 76 | 77 | Once mono is installed, change your working directory and then run the following to compile the source code. 78 | 79 | ```bash 80 | root@host:~# mcs ht-agent.cs -r:System.Data.dll -r:System.Web.Extensions.dll -r:System.Web.Services 81 | ``` 82 | 83 | ### Deploying the Agent 84 | 85 | How the agent is deployed will vary from organization to organization and is entirely up to you. Deployment in a way that would leave *valid* domain administrator credentials cached on the endpoints (e.g. psexec) is highly discouraged. 86 | 87 | 88 | #### Testing 89 | 90 | Run the following command to get an interactive shell inside the container. 91 | 92 | ```bash 93 | root@host:~# docker exec -it dcept /bin/bash 94 | ``` 95 | 96 | tcpreplay is installed inside the docker container along with a sample pcap for testing purposes. While DCEPT is running, execute the following from within the container: 97 | 98 | ```bash 99 | root@host:~# tcpreplay -i /opt/dcept/example.pcap 100 | ``` 101 | 102 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /agent/ht-agent.cs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | using System; 2 | using System.Collections.Generic; 3 | using System.ComponentModel; 4 | using System.Data; 5 | using System.IO; 6 | using System.Net; 7 | using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 8 | using System.Security.Principal; 9 | using System.Security.Permissions; 10 | using System.Diagnostics; 11 | using System.Web.Services; 12 | using System.Web.Script.Serialization; 13 | using System.Text; 14 | 15 | namespace HoneytokenLogon 16 | { 17 | public class CreateProcessWithHoneytoken 18 | { 19 | // Edit this to point to your Honeytoken server URL 20 | const string URL="http://172.16.0.100/backup"; 21 | const string PARAM="machine"; 22 | 23 | [Flags] 24 | enum LogonFlags 25 | { 26 | LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY = 0x00000002 27 | } 28 | 29 | [Flags] 30 | enum CreationFlags 31 | { 32 | CREATE_SUSPENDED = 0x00000004 33 | } 34 | 35 | [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 36 | struct ProcessInfo 37 | { 38 | public IntPtr hProcess; 39 | public IntPtr hThread; 40 | public uint dwProcessId; 41 | public uint dwThreadId; 42 | } 43 | 44 | [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] 45 | struct StartupInfo 46 | { 47 | public int cb; 48 | public string reserved1; 49 | public string desktop; 50 | public string title; 51 | public uint dwX; 52 | public uint dwY; 53 | public uint dwXSize; 54 | public uint dwYSize; 55 | public uint dwXCountChars; 56 | public uint dwYCountChars; 57 | public uint dwFillAttribute; 58 | public uint dwFlags; 59 | public ushort wShowWindow; 60 | public short reserved2; 61 | public int reserved3; 62 | public IntPtr hStdInput; 63 | public IntPtr hStdOutput; 64 | public IntPtr hStdError; 65 | } 66 | 67 | [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, 68 | SetLastError = true)] 69 | static extern bool CreateProcessWithLogonW( 70 | string principal, 71 | string authority, 72 | string password, 73 | LogonFlags logonFlags, 74 | string appName, 75 | string cmdLine, 76 | CreationFlags creationFlags, 77 | IntPtr environmentBlock, 78 | string currentDirectory, 79 | ref StartupInfo startupInfo, 80 | out ProcessInfo processInfo); 81 | 82 | [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] 83 | static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr h); 84 | 85 | private static uint CreateHoneytokenProcess(string appPath, string domain, string user, 86 | string password, LogonFlags lf, CreationFlags cf) 87 | { 88 | StartupInfo si = new StartupInfo(); 89 | si.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(StartupInfo)); 90 | ProcessInfo pi = new ProcessInfo(); 91 | pi.dwProcessId = 0; 92 | 93 | if (CreateProcessWithLogonW(user, domain, password, 94 | lf, 95 | appPath, null, 96 | cf, IntPtr.Zero, null, 97 | ref si, out pi)) 98 | { 99 | CloseHandle(pi.hProcess); 100 | CloseHandle(pi.hThread); 101 | } 102 | else 103 | { 104 | throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); 105 | } 106 | return(pi.dwProcessId); 107 | } 108 | 109 | static int Main(string[] args) 110 | { 111 | while(true) 112 | { 113 | var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(URL + "/?" + PARAM + "=" + System.Environment.MachineName); 114 | httpWebRequest.Accept = "application/json"; 115 | httpWebRequest.Method = "GET"; 116 | 117 | string output = ""; 118 | try 119 | { 120 | var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); 121 | using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpResponse.GetResponseStream())) 122 | { 123 | output = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); 124 | } 125 | 126 | var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 127 | var dict = jss.Deserialize>(output); 128 | 129 | if ((dict["d"] != "") && (dict["u"] != "") && (dict["p"] != "")) 130 | { 131 | Console.WriteLine("Got response from honeytoken server, caching fake credentials..."); 132 | uint pid = CreateHoneytokenProcess( 133 | "C:\\WINDOWS\\notepad.exe", 134 | dict["d"], dict["u"], dict["p"], 135 | LogonFlags.LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY, 136 | CreationFlags.CREATE_SUSPENDED 137 | ); 138 | if (pid != 0) 139 | { 140 | Console.WriteLine("Created process {0} to cache honeytoken credentials.", pid); 141 | Console.WriteLine("Sleeping for 24 hours..."); 142 | System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(86400000); 143 | Console.WriteLine("Cleaning up..."); 144 | try 145 | { 146 | Process lastProcess = Process.GetProcessById((int)pid); 147 | lastProcess.Kill(); 148 | } 149 | catch (Exception e) 150 | { 151 | Console.WriteLine("GetProcessByID failed: '{0}'", e); 152 | } 153 | } 154 | } 155 | else 156 | { 157 | Console.WriteLine("Bad response from honeytoken server."); 158 | Console.WriteLine("Sleeping for 60 seconds..."); 159 | System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(60000); 160 | } 161 | } 162 | catch (Exception e) 163 | { 164 | Console.WriteLine("HTTP request failed: '{0}'", e); 165 | Console.WriteLine("Sleeping for 60 seconds..."); 166 | System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(60000); 167 | } 168 | } // loops forever 169 | } 170 | } 171 | } 172 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/ConfigReader.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | # James Bettke 4 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 5 | 6 | import logging 7 | import ConfigParser 8 | import StringIO 9 | 10 | class ConfigError(Exception): 11 | def __init__(self, message=""): 12 | Exception.__init__(self,message) 13 | 14 | class ConfigReader(): 15 | 16 | def __init__(self): 17 | self.setDefaults() 18 | 19 | def load(self, path): 20 | parser = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser() 21 | 22 | try: 23 | cfg_str = '[root]\n' + open(path, 'r').read() 24 | cfg_fp = StringIO.StringIO(cfg_str) 25 | parser = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser(allow_no_value=False) 26 | parser.readfp(cfg_fp) 27 | 28 | self.__dict__.update(parser.items("root")) 29 | 30 | except (ConfigParser.ParsingError) as e: 31 | error = str(e) 32 | line = error[error.find("[line")+5:error.find("]")].strip() 33 | raise ConfigParser.ParsingError("Failed to parse config file. Error on line: " + line) 34 | 35 | self.checkConfig() 36 | 37 | def setDefaults(self): 38 | self.master_node = None 39 | self.honeytoken_host = "0.0.0.0" 40 | self.honeytoken_port = 80 41 | self.honeytoken_param_name = "machine" 42 | self.interface = None 43 | self.domain = None 44 | self.realm = None 45 | self.honey_username = None 46 | self.smtp_host = None 47 | self.smtp_port = 25 48 | self.email_address = None 49 | self.subject = "DCEPT IDS Triggered - Immediate Action Necessary" 50 | self.syslog_host = None 51 | self.syslog_port = 514 52 | self.log_level = "INFO" 53 | 54 | 55 | def checkConfig(self): 56 | 57 | if not self.interface: 58 | raise ConfigError("You must configure an interface") 59 | 60 | if not self.domain: 61 | raise ConfigError("You must configure a domain") 62 | 63 | if not self.realm: 64 | raise ConfigError("You must configure a realm") 65 | 66 | if not self.honey_username: 67 | raise ConfigError("You must configure a honeytoken username") 68 | 69 | if self.log_level.upper() not in {"CRITICAL","ERROR","WARNING","INFO","DEBUG","NOTSET"}: 70 | raise ConfigError("Invalid setting for log level") 71 | else: 72 | level = logging.getLevelName(self.log_level.upper()) 73 | logging.getLogger().setLevel(level) 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | config = ConfigReader() 78 | 79 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/Cracker.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | # DCEPT 4 | # James Bettke 5 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 6 | 7 | import logging 8 | import Queue 9 | import threading 10 | import tempfile 11 | import shutil 12 | import subprocess 13 | import time 14 | 15 | class Cracker: 16 | 17 | def __init__(self): 18 | self.passwordQueue = Queue.Queue(maxsize=100) 19 | self.thread = threading.Thread(target = self._run, args = ()) 20 | self.thread.daemon = True 21 | 22 | def enqueueJob(self, username, domain, encTimestamp, callback): 23 | self.passwordQueue.put((username, domain, encTimestamp, callback)) 24 | logging.debug("Cracker enqueued 1 encrypted timestamp. Queue size: %d" % (self.passwordQueue.qsize())) 25 | 26 | 27 | # Take the encrypted timestamp and recover the generated password using a 28 | # password cracker. This should not take take very long since we are only 29 | # interested in the short word list of passwords made by the generation server. 30 | # It should crack the most recent passwords working backward. In practice the 31 | # only time this subroutine is called is when someone uses the honeytoken 32 | # domain\username. 33 | def recoverPassword(self, username, domain, encTimestamp, callback): 34 | 35 | 36 | tmpDir = tempfile.mkdtemp("-dcept") 37 | 38 | wordPath = tmpDir + "/wordlist.tmp" 39 | passPath = tmpDir + "/encPass.tmp" 40 | potPath = tmpDir + "/john.pot" 41 | 42 | logging.debug("Recovering password from encrypted timestamp...") 43 | 44 | # Create password file for cracking tool 45 | fh = open(passPath, 'w') 46 | fh.write("$%s$%d$%s$%s$$%s" % ("krb5pa",18,username, domain, encTimestamp)) 47 | fh.close() 48 | 49 | # Create word list of the generated passwords ordered by most recent 50 | fh = open(wordPath, 'w') 51 | 52 | wordlist = self.genServer.getPasswords() 53 | if len(wordlist) == 0: 54 | logging.info("Generation server hasn't issued any passwords. There is nothing to crack") 55 | return 56 | 57 | logging.info("Testing %d password(s)" % (len(wordlist))) 58 | fh.write("\n".join(wordlist)) 59 | fh.close() 60 | 61 | redirectStr = "" 62 | if logging.getLogger().getEffectiveLevel() != logging.DEBUG: 63 | redirectStr = "2>/dev/null" 64 | 65 | result = subprocess.check_output("/opt/dcept/john --wordlist=%s --pot=%s --format=krb5pa-sha1 %s %s" % (wordPath, potPath, passPath, redirectStr), shell=True) 66 | 67 | print "Cracking job completed" 68 | shutil.rmtree(tmpDir) 69 | 70 | logging.debug(result) 71 | lines = result.split("\n") 72 | 73 | success = False 74 | for line in lines: 75 | if line.endswith("(?)"): 76 | success = True 77 | password = line.split(" ") 78 | print "Cracked! Password: %s" % (password[0]) 79 | callback(self.genServer, password[0]) 80 | 81 | def start(self, genServer): 82 | self.genServer = genServer 83 | self.thread.start() 84 | 85 | def _run(self): 86 | while True: 87 | if not self.passwordQueue.empty(): 88 | item = self.passwordQueue.get() 89 | self.recoverPassword(item[0], item[1], item[2], item[3]) 90 | 91 | # Singleton 92 | cracker = Cracker() 93 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Domain Controller Enticing Password Tripwire (DCEPT) - Dockerfile 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | FROM ubuntu:16.04 6 | MAINTAINER James Bettke 7 | 8 | ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive 9 | 10 | # Set the default shell to bash inside the container 11 | RUN rm /bin/sh && ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh 12 | 13 | # Ensure we have the latest packages 14 | RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -yf 15 | 16 | RUN apt-get install -y cron wget build-essential libssl-dev python-pip python-setuptools 17 | RUN apt-get install -y tcpreplay 18 | 19 | # Install dependencies for sniffer component 20 | RUN apt-get install -y tshark python-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev 21 | RUN pip install pyshark 22 | RUN pip install pyiface 23 | 24 | # Download community-enhanced version of John the Ripper password cracker 25 | # Version must support krb5pa-sha1 26 | 27 | RUN wget -O /tmp/john.tar.gz http://www.openwall.com/john/j/john-1.8.0-jumbo-1.tar.gz 28 | 29 | # Verify integrity of download 30 | RUN sha1sum -c <<< '31c8246d3a12ab7fd7de0d1070dda4654f5397a7 /tmp/john.tar.gz' 31 | 32 | # Extract John the Ripper source files 33 | RUN mkdir /tmp/john && tar -xvf /tmp/john.tar.gz -C /tmp/john --strip-components=1 34 | 35 | # Fix bug with GCC v5 when compiling JtR - May not be needed after 1.8.0 update 36 | # https://github.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/issues/1093 37 | RUN sed -i 's/#define MAYBE_INLINE_BODY MAYBE_INLINE/#define MAYBE_INLINE_BODY/g' /tmp/john/src/MD5_std.c 38 | 39 | # Compile John the Ripper from source 40 | RUN cd /tmp/john/src && ./configure && make clean && make -s 41 | 42 | RUN mkdir -p /opt/dcept/var 43 | RUN cp /tmp/john/run/john /opt/dcept/john 44 | RUN touch /opt/dcept/john.ini 45 | 46 | # Copy DCEPT source code into the container 47 | ADD ./dcept.py /opt/dcept/dcept.py 48 | ADD ./Cracker.py /opt/dcept/Cracker.py 49 | ADD ./GenerationServer.py /opt/dcept/GenerationServer.py 50 | ADD ./ConfigReader.py /opt/dcept/ConfigReader.py 51 | ADD ./alert.py /opt/dcept/alert.py 52 | ADD ./dcept.cfg /opt/dcept/dcept.cfg 53 | 54 | 55 | # Add a cron job to keep the container up-to-date (does not apply to DCEPT code) 56 | RUN echo '0 0 * * * root apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -yf' > /etc/cron.d/update-cron 57 | RUN chmod 0644 /etc/cron.d/update-cron 58 | CMD cron; /opt/dcept/dcept.py 59 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/GenerationServer.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | # DCEPT 4 | # James Bettke 5 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 6 | 7 | from BaseHTTPServer import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler 8 | from SocketServer import ThreadingMixIn 9 | import urlparse 10 | import random 11 | from datetime import datetime 12 | import os 13 | import sqlite3 14 | import threading 15 | import logging 16 | from ConfigReader import config 17 | import cgi 18 | import cgitb 19 | 20 | from Cracker import cracker 21 | import dcept 22 | 23 | # https://wiki.python.org/moin/BaseHttpServer 24 | 25 | 26 | gsHandle = None 27 | 28 | class GenerationServer: 29 | 30 | def __init__(self, hostname="", http_port=80, sqlite_path='/opt/dcept/var/honeytoken.db'): 31 | http_port = int(http_port) 32 | server_class = ThreadedHTTPServer #BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer 33 | 34 | global gsHandle 35 | gsHandle = self 36 | 37 | self.sqlite_path = sqlite_path 38 | self.conn = None 39 | self.initDatabase() 40 | 41 | # Only master node should run the generation server 42 | if not config.master_node: 43 | 44 | logging.info("Database contains %d generated passwords" % self.getRecordCount()) 45 | 46 | self.httpd = server_class((hostname, http_port), HttpHandler) 47 | 48 | # Start the webserver on it's own thread. Call to serve_forever() blocks 49 | thread = threading.Thread(target = self.httpd.serve_forever) 50 | thread.daemon = True 51 | logging.info("Starting honeytoken generation server HTTP daemon %s:%d" % (hostname,http_port)) 52 | thread.start() 53 | 54 | 55 | # Initialize the sqlite database. Create the db and tables if it doesn't exist. 56 | def initDatabase(self): 57 | if not os.path.exists(self.sqlite_path): 58 | self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.sqlite_path, check_same_thread=False) 59 | c = self.conn.cursor() 60 | c.execute('''CREATE TABLE db_version (major integer, minor integer)''') 61 | c.execute("INSERT INTO db_version VALUES (?,?)", (1,0)) 62 | 63 | c.execute('''CREATE TABLE logs 64 | (date text, domain text, username text, machine text, password text)''') 65 | 66 | # Add a test honeytoken to the database 67 | c.execute("INSERT INTO logs VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", (datetime.now(), "ALLSAFE.LAN", "Administrator", "FAKE-PC", "dcepttest")) 68 | self.conn.commit() 69 | else: 70 | self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.sqlite_path, check_same_thread=False) 71 | 72 | 73 | def genPass(self): 74 | alpha = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789" 75 | password = "" 76 | 77 | while True: 78 | 79 | # Create a random password using the above alphabet 80 | for i in xrange(10): 81 | password += alpha[random.randrange(len(alpha))] 82 | 83 | print "Generated -",password 84 | 85 | # Does this password already exist? 86 | if self.findPass(password) == None: 87 | break 88 | else: 89 | print "Password collision, regenerating..." 90 | 91 | return password 92 | 93 | 94 | def findPass(self, password): 95 | c = self.conn.cursor() 96 | c.execute("SELECT * FROM logs WHERE password=?" , (password,)) 97 | row = c.fetchone() 98 | 99 | if row == None: 100 | return None 101 | return row 102 | 103 | 104 | def getPasswords(self): 105 | c = self.conn.cursor() 106 | c.execute("SELECT password FROM logs ORDER BY date DESC") 107 | 108 | passwords = [] 109 | for i in c.fetchall(): 110 | passwords.append(i[0]) 111 | return passwords 112 | 113 | def getRecordCount(self): 114 | c = self.conn.cursor() 115 | c.execute("SELECT count(password) FROM logs") 116 | return c.fetchone() 117 | 118 | class HttpHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): 119 | 120 | # Generation requests from endpoints are always GET requests and must contain 121 | # the honeytoken_param_name parameter. 122 | def do_GET(s): 123 | 124 | global gsHandle 125 | 126 | #if not s.path.startswith("/backup"): 127 | # s.send_response(404) 128 | # return 129 | 130 | s.send_response(200) 131 | s.send_header("Content-type", "text/json") 132 | s.end_headers() 133 | 134 | #print s.path 135 | qs = urlparse.urlparse(s.path).query 136 | qs = urlparse.parse_qs(qs) 137 | #print qs 138 | machine = "" 139 | try: 140 | machine = qs[config.honeytoken_param_name][0] 141 | except: 142 | return 143 | print "Request from IP: %s workstation: %s" % (s.client_address[0], machine) 144 | 145 | domain = config.domain 146 | username = config.honey_username 147 | 148 | password = gsHandle.genPass() 149 | jSONstring = "{'d':'%s','u':'%s',p:'%s'}" % (domain, username, password) 150 | s.wfile.write(jSONstring) 151 | print "Sent:"+jSONstring 152 | 153 | # Log transaction 154 | c = gsHandle.conn.cursor() 155 | c.execute("INSERT INTO logs VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", (datetime.now(), domain, username, machine, password)) 156 | gsHandle.conn.commit() 157 | 158 | 159 | # DCEPT to DCEPT communication happens via POST requests. 160 | # Example for dcepttest: POST /notify 161 | # u=Administrator&d=ALLSAFE.LAN&t=64118a956797600c6e1239f1cf9c8db4ae780f0a1d0bc8b3a0e12de736a14792f17cb58671e42813fbd522e22e021c5d6924b7b114064889 162 | def do_POST(s): 163 | length = int(s.headers['content-length']) 164 | postvars = cgi.parse_qs(s.rfile.read(length), keep_blank_values=1) 165 | 166 | logging.debug(postvars) 167 | 168 | try: 169 | username = postvars['u'][0] 170 | domain = postvars['d'][0] 171 | encTimestamp = postvars['t'][0] 172 | except: 173 | s.send_response(500) 174 | s.end_headers() 175 | return 176 | 177 | cracker.enqueueJob(username, domain, encTimestamp, dcept.passwordHit) 178 | 179 | s.send_response(200) 180 | s.end_headers() 181 | 182 | class ThreadedHTTPServer(ThreadingMixIn, HTTPServer): 183 | """Handle requests in a separate thread.""" 184 | 185 | if __name__ == '__main__': 186 | gs = GenerationServer() 187 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/alert.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | # James Bettke 4 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 5 | 6 | from ConfigReader import config 7 | import smtplib 8 | from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart 9 | from email.MIMEText import MIMEText 10 | 11 | import logging 12 | from logging import * 13 | import logging.handlers 14 | 15 | 16 | import socket 17 | 18 | def sendAlert(message): 19 | 20 | if config.smtp_host: 21 | sendEmail(config.smtp_host, config.email_address, config.subject, message, config.smtp_port) 22 | 23 | if config.syslog_host: 24 | sendSyslog(config.syslog_host, message, 1, 4, config.syslog_port) 25 | 26 | 27 | def sendSNMP(host, message, port=162, version=2): 28 | pass 29 | 30 | 31 | # Sends a single syslog message UDP packet. See RFC3164 32 | def sendSyslog(host, message, severity=1, facility=4, port=514): 33 | #severity = 1 - Alert: Action must be taken immediately 34 | #facility = 4 - security/authorization messages 35 | 36 | sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 37 | data = '<%d>%s' % (severity + facility*8, message) 38 | sock.sendto(data, (host, int(port))) 39 | sock.close() 40 | #rsyslog = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=(host, port), facility=logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_USER, socktype=socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 41 | #rsyslog.critical(message) 42 | 43 | # Send an email notification to authenticated SMTP server 44 | def sendEmail(smtp_host, emailAddress, subject, message, port=25): 45 | msg = MIMEMultipart() 46 | msg['Subject'] = subject 47 | msg['From'] = "dcept_ids" 48 | msg['To'] = emailAddress 49 | text = message 50 | 51 | msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain')) 52 | 53 | s = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_host, port) 54 | s.sendmail("DCEPT", emailAddress, msg.as_string()) 55 | s.quit() 56 | 57 | if __name__ == "__main__": 58 | sendSyslog("127.0.0.1", "DCEPT Alert") 59 | sendEmail("127.0.0.1", "dcept@local.lan", "DCEPT Alert") 60 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/daemon.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | 3 | # James Bettke 4 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 5 | 6 | # A bash script that runs the DCEPT Docker container. 7 | # It is assumed that you have already built the Docker 8 | # container by running the docker_build.sh script 9 | 10 | # Set working directory to script directory 11 | cd "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")" 12 | 13 | ./launcher.sh -d 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/dcept.cfg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # This is the configuration file for DCEPT (Domain Controller Enticing Password 2 | # Tripwire). You must choose notification preferences before deploying DCEPT. 3 | # 4 | 5 | # 6 | # Master_Node: The IP address or hostname of the master DCEPT server. In a 7 | # multi-server DCEPT topology, multiple DCEPT nodes synchronize using a master 8 | # node. This is useful in AD replication setups where domains controllers are 9 | # on different networks or where taps are impractical. Setting the master_node 10 | # value will configure this DCEPT server as slave to that master node. 11 | # 12 | # master_node = masternode.lan:80 13 | 14 | # 15 | # Honeytoken_host: The hostname or IP address the honeytoken generation server 16 | # (HTTP) should bind. Otherwise it will bind to all interfaces. 17 | # 18 | # honeytoken_host = 0.0.0.0 19 | 20 | # 21 | # Honeytoken_param_name: The name of the URL parameter that contains the 22 | # endpoint hostname. This is sent to the generation server and associated with 23 | # the unique honeytoken. Any changes to the paramater name must be applied to 24 | # the agent prior to deployment. 25 | # 26 | honeytoken_param_name = machine 27 | 28 | # 29 | # Honeytoken_port: The port the password generation server's HTTP daemon should 30 | # listen on. The default port is 80. 31 | # 32 | # honeytoken_port = 80 33 | 34 | # 35 | # Interface: The name of the interface sniffing the Kerberos traffic from 36 | # the domain controller 37 | # 38 | # interface = eth0 39 | 40 | # 41 | # Domain: The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) being seeded on the endpoints. 42 | # Ideally this would be your primary domain to look as inconspicuous as 43 | # possible. The domain will be passed to agents requesting honeytokens from the 44 | # generation server. 45 | # 46 | # domain = ALLSAFE.LAN 47 | 48 | # 49 | # Realm: The Active Directory realm associated with the domain. 50 | # 51 | # realm = ALLSAFE 52 | 53 | # 54 | # Honey_username: The username being seeded on the endpoints. This username 55 | # should should be real. It is safe to use the real domain administrator 56 | # username. 57 | # 58 | honey_username = Administrator 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | # Uncomment the following lines to enable notifications via email. 63 | # 64 | # smtp_host = smtp.example.com 65 | # smtp_port = 25 66 | # subject = DCEPT 67 | 68 | 69 | # Uncomment the following lines to enable notifications via Simple Network 70 | # Management Protocol (SNMP). 71 | # 72 | # snmp_version = 73 | # community_string = 74 | 75 | 76 | # Uncomment the following lines to enable notifications via remote syslog. 77 | # Currently only UDP is supported 78 | # 79 | # syslog_host = localhost 80 | # syslog_port = 514 81 | 82 | # Configures the log level. Critical, Error, Warning, Info. Debug, NotSet 83 | # 84 | # log_level = DEBUG 85 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/dcept.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | # DCEPT 4 | # James Bettke 5 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 6 | 7 | import GenerationServer 8 | from Cracker import cracker 9 | import pyshark 10 | import os 11 | import sys 12 | import socket 13 | 14 | import logging 15 | from logging import Logger 16 | import ConfigParser 17 | from ConfigReader import config 18 | from ConfigReader import ConfigError 19 | 20 | import pyshark 21 | import pyiface 22 | import alert 23 | 24 | import urllib 25 | import urllib2 26 | import socket 27 | 28 | # Globals 29 | genServer = None 30 | 31 | class DceptError(Exception): 32 | def __init__(self, message=""): 33 | Exception.__init__(self,message) 34 | 35 | def kerbsniff(interface, username, domain, realm): 36 | 37 | logging.info("kerbsniff: Looking for %s\%s on %s" % (domain,username,interface)) 38 | 39 | filtered_cap = pyshark.LiveCapture(interface, bpf_filter='tcp port 88') 40 | packet_iterator = filtered_cap.sniff_continuously 41 | 42 | # Loop infinitely over packets if in continuous mode 43 | for packet in packet_iterator(): 44 | 45 | # Is this packet kerberos? 46 | kp = None 47 | encTimestamp = None 48 | try: 49 | kp = packet['kerberos'] 50 | 51 | # Extract encrypted timestamp for Kerberos Preauthentication packets 52 | # that conatin honeytoken domain\username 53 | encTimestamp = kerb_handler(kp,domain,username) 54 | except KeyError as e: 55 | pass 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | # Only attempt to decrypt a password or notify master if we find an encrypted timestamp 60 | if encTimestamp: 61 | 62 | if config.master_node: 63 | notifyMaster(username, domain, encTimestamp) 64 | else: 65 | cracker.enqueueJob(username, domain, encTimestamp, passwordHit) 66 | 67 | 68 | def notifyMaster(username, domain, encTimestamp): 69 | url = 'http://%s/notify' % (config.master_node) 70 | values = { 'u' : username, 71 | 'd' : domain, 72 | 't' : encTimestamp 73 | } 74 | data = urllib.urlencode(values) 75 | 76 | try: 77 | req = urllib2.Request(url, data) 78 | response = urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=30) 79 | except (urllib2.URLError, socket.timeout) as e: 80 | message = "DCEPT slave Failed to communicate with master node '%s'" % (config.master_node) 81 | logging.error(message) 82 | alert.sendAlert(message) 83 | return False 84 | return True 85 | 86 | def passwordHit(genServer, password): 87 | 88 | if password: 89 | record = genServer.findPass(password) 90 | message = "[RED ALERT] Honeytoken for %s\\%s '%s' was stolen from %s on %s" % \ 91 | (record[1],record[2], record[4], record[3], record[0].split(" ")[0] ) 92 | #print "\x1b[91m" + message + "\x1b[0m" 93 | print "\x1b[91m" + "[RED ALERT]" + "\x1b[0m" 94 | logging.critical(message) 95 | alert.sendAlert(message) 96 | 97 | 98 | # Parse Kerberos packet and return the encrypted timestamp only if we detected 99 | # honeytoken usage (honey domain\username) 100 | def kerb_handler(kp, domain,username): 101 | encTimestamp = None 102 | 103 | # We are looking for kerberos packets of message type: AS-REQ (10) 104 | #kp.pretty_print() 105 | if kp.msg_type == "10": 106 | 107 | 108 | # Depending on the version of TShark installed, the krb 109 | # dissector will display the username field under a different name 110 | try: 111 | kerbName = kp.name_string 112 | except AttributeError: 113 | pass 114 | 115 | try: 116 | kerbName = kp.kerberosstring 117 | except AttributeError: 118 | pass 119 | 120 | realm = kp.realm 121 | logging.debug("kerb-as-req for domain user %s\%s" % (realm, kerbName)) 122 | 123 | if kerbName.lower() == username.lower() and realm.lower() == config.realm.lower(): 124 | 125 | # Depending on the version of TShark installed, the krb 126 | # dissector will display the encrypted field under a different name 127 | try: 128 | encTimestamp = kp.pa_enc_timestamp_encrypted.replace(":","") 129 | except AttributeError: 130 | pass 131 | 132 | try: 133 | encTimestamp = kp.cipher.replace(":","") 134 | except AttributeError: 135 | pass 136 | 137 | logging.debug("PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP: %s", encTimestamp) 138 | else: 139 | logging.debug("Ignoring kerb-as-req for '%s\%s'" % (realm,kerbName)) 140 | 141 | 142 | else: 143 | logging.debug("Ignoring kerberos packet - Not kerb-as-req") 144 | 145 | return encTimestamp 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | def testInterface(interface): 153 | try: 154 | iface = pyiface.Interface(name=interface) 155 | if iface.flags == iface.flags | pyiface.IFF_UP: 156 | return True 157 | except IOError as e: 158 | if e.errno == 19: # No such device 159 | print "Bad interface. No such device '%s'" % (interface) 160 | return False 161 | 162 | def main(): 163 | banner = """ 164 | _____ _____ ______ _____ _______ 165 | | __ \ / ____| ____| __ |__ __| 166 | | | | | | | |__ | |__) | | | 167 | | | | | | | __| | ___/ | | 168 | | |__| | |____| |____| | | | 169 | |_____/ \_____|______|_| |_| 170 | """ 171 | 172 | print banner 173 | 174 | try: 175 | # Read the configuration file 176 | config.load("/opt/dcept/dcept.cfg") 177 | except (ConfigParser.Error, ConfigError) as e: 178 | logging.error(e) 179 | raise DceptError() 180 | 181 | # Server roles for multi-server topology 182 | if not config.master_node: 183 | logging.info('Server configured as master node') 184 | else: 185 | logging.info('Server configured as slave node') 186 | 187 | # Test Connection to master node 188 | 189 | # Sanity check - Check if the interface is up 190 | if not testInterface(config.interface): 191 | logging.error("Unable to listen on '%s'. Is the interface up?" % (config.interface)) 192 | raise DceptError() 193 | 194 | logging.info('Starting DCEPT...') 195 | 196 | # Only master node should run the generation server and cracker 197 | if not config.master_node: # (Master Node) 198 | 199 | # Spawn and start the password generation server 200 | try: 201 | global genServer 202 | genServer = GenerationServer.GenerationServer(config.honeytoken_host, config.honeytoken_port) 203 | except socket.error as e: 204 | logging.error(e) 205 | logging.error("Failed to bind honeytoken HTTP server to address %s on port %s" % (config.honeytoken_host, config.honeytoken_port)) 206 | raise DceptError() 207 | 208 | # Initialize the cracker 209 | cracker.start(genServer) 210 | 211 | else: # (Slave Node) 212 | # Test sending notifications to the master node 213 | logging.info("Testing connection to master node '%s'" % (config.master_node)) 214 | if not notifyMaster('u', 'd', 't'): 215 | raise DceptError() 216 | 217 | # Start the sniffer (Both master and slave) 218 | try: 219 | kerbsniff(config.interface,config.honey_username, config.domain, config.realm) 220 | except pyshark.capture.capture.TSharkCrashException: 221 | 222 | logging.error(message) 223 | raise DceptError(message) 224 | 225 | 226 | if __name__ == "__main__": 227 | 228 | try: 229 | # Setup logging to file for troubleshooting 230 | logging.basicConfig(filename='/opt/dcept/var/dcept.log',format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s') 231 | 232 | # Mirror logging to console 233 | logging.getLogger().addHandler(logging.StreamHandler()) 234 | 235 | main() 236 | except (KeyboardInterrupt, DceptError): 237 | print 238 | logging.info("Shutting down DCEPT...") 239 | 240 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/docker_build.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | 3 | # James Bettke 4 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 5 | 6 | # A bash script to run the Docker build command. 7 | 8 | # Set working directory to script directory 9 | cd "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")" 10 | 11 | # Build a Docker image and tag it "dcept" 12 | docker build -t dcept . 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/example.pcap: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/secureworks/dcept/834a523fa0db1ece62abe2f19a15f83735ea7d15/server/example.pcap -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/launcher.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | 3 | # James Bettke 4 | # Dell SecureWorks 2016 5 | 6 | # A bash script that runs the DCEPT Docker container. 7 | # It is assumed that you have already built the Docker 8 | # container by running the docker_build.sh script. 9 | 10 | # Set working directory to script directory 11 | cd "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")" 12 | 13 | CONTAINER=$(docker ps -aqf name=dcept) 14 | 15 | if [ -n "$CONTAINER" ]; then 16 | echo "Stopping container named dcept" 17 | docker stop dcept 1>/dev/null 18 | echo "Removing container named dcept" 19 | docker rm dcept 1>/dev/null 20 | fi 21 | 22 | 23 | if [ -z "$1" ]; then 24 | arg="-it" 25 | 26 | else 27 | arg="-d" 28 | fi 29 | 30 | echo "Starting container..." 31 | docker run $arg --name dcept --cap-add=NET_ADMIN -p 80:8080 --net=host -v `pwd`/volume:/opt/dcept/var dcept 32 | 33 | if [ -n "$1" ]; then 34 | CONTAINER=$(docker ps -q -f name=dcept) 35 | echo "Running DCEPT docker container:" $CONTAINER 36 | echo 37 | docker ps -f name=dcept 38 | echo -e "\nTo the stop the container run the following command:\n\tdocker stop dcept" 39 | fi 40 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------