├── .gitignore
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE.md
├── PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens
└── README.md
├── README.md
├── build-docker.sh
├── example
├── index.html
└── main.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── main.go
├── package.json
├── proofOfWorkerStub.js
├── readme
├── probability.png
├── screencast.gif
├── sequence.drawio
└── sequence.png
├── static
├── pow-bot-deterrent.css
├── pow-bot-deterrent.js
├── proofOfWorker.js
└── scrypt.wasm
└── wasm_build
└── build_wasm.sh
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | wasm_build/node_modules
3 | wasm_build/scrypt-wasm
4 | PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens/*
5 | !PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens/README.md
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Dockerfile:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | FROM golang:1.16-alpine as build
3 | ARG GOARCH=
4 | ARG GO_BUILD_ARGS=
5 |
6 | RUN mkdir /build
7 | WORKDIR /build
8 | RUN apk add --update --no-cache ca-certificates git
9 | COPY go.mod go.mod
10 | COPY go.sum go.sum
11 | COPY main.go main.go
12 | RUN go get && go build -v $GO_BUILD_ARGS -o /build/pow-bot-deterrent .
13 |
14 | FROM alpine
15 | WORKDIR /app
16 | COPY --from=build /build/pow-bot-deterrent /app/pow-bot-deterrent
17 | COPY static /app/static
18 | COPY PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens /app/PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens
19 | RUN chmod +x /app/pow-bot-deterrent
20 | ENTRYPOINT ["/app/pow-bot-deterrent"]
21 |
22 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 | ==================
3 |
4 | Version 3, 29 June 2007
5 |
6 |
7 | Preamble
8 | ---------------------
9 |
10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
11 |
12 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
13 |
14 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
15 |
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17 |
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19 |
20 | Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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25 |
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27 |
28 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
29 |
30 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS
31 | ====================
32 |
33 | ## 0. Definitions.
34 | --------------------------------
35 |
36 |
37 | “This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
38 |
39 | “Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
40 |
41 | “The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
42 |
43 | To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
44 |
45 | A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.
46 |
47 | To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
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52 |
53 | ## 1. Source Code.
54 | --------------------------------
55 |
56 |
57 | The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.
58 |
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60 |
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64 |
65 | The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
66 |
67 | The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
68 |
69 | ## 2. Basic Permissions.
70 | ----------------------------
71 |
72 |
73 | All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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76 |
77 | Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
78 |
79 | ## 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
80 | --------------------------------
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82 | No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.
83 |
84 | When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
85 |
86 | ## 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
87 | --------------------------------
88 |
89 | You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
90 |
91 | You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
92 |
93 | ## 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
94 | --------------------------------
95 |
96 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
97 |
98 | - a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
99 | - b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
100 | - c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
101 | - d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
102 |
103 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
104 |
105 | ## 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
106 | --------------------------------
107 |
108 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
109 |
110 | - a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
111 | - b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
112 | - c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
113 | - d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
114 | - e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
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123 |
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125 |
126 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
127 |
128 | ## 7. Additional Terms.
129 | --------------------------------
130 |
131 | “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
132 |
133 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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135 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
136 |
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143 |
144 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
145 |
146 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
147 |
148 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
149 |
150 | ## 8. Termination.
151 | --------------------------------
152 |
153 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
154 |
155 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
156 |
157 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
158 |
159 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
160 |
161 | ## 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
162 | --------------------------------
163 |
164 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
165 |
166 |
167 | ## 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
168 | --------------------------------
169 |
170 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
171 |
172 | An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
173 |
174 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
175 |
176 | ## 11. Patents.
177 | --------------------------------
178 |
179 | A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
180 |
181 | A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
182 |
183 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
184 |
185 | In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
186 |
187 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
188 |
189 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
190 |
191 | A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
192 |
193 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
194 |
195 | ## 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
196 | --------------------------------
197 |
198 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
199 |
200 | ## 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
201 | --------------------------------
202 |
203 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
204 |
205 |
206 | ## 14. Revised Versions of this License.
207 | --------------------------------
208 |
209 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
210 |
211 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
212 |
213 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
214 |
215 | Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
216 |
217 | ## 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
218 | --------------------------------
219 |
220 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
221 |
222 |
223 | ## 16. Limitation of Liability.
224 | --------------------------------
225 |
226 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
227 |
228 | ## 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
229 | --------------------------------
230 |
231 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
232 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens/README.md:
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1 | # PoW_Bot_Deterrent_API_Tokens folder
2 |
3 | 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent will store API tokens here. You may place this folder either in the current working directory from which the application is started, or you may place it next to the application binary.
4 |
5 | If you run 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent in a linux container, you will want to mount this folder to a persistent volume so you don't lose your API tokens when you upgrade the container to a new image!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent
2 |
3 | A proof-of-work based bot deterrent. Lightweight, self-hosted and copyleft licensed.
4 |
5 | 
6 |
7 | Compared to mainstream captchas like recaptcha, hcaptcha, friendlycaptcha, this one is better for a few reasons:
8 |
9 | - Free as in Freedom, and Free as in Free Beer
10 | - It is lightweight & all dependencies are included; total file size is about 68KB unminified / uncompressed, and 23kb gzipped.
11 | - It is self-hosted. It does not spy on you or your users; you can tell because you run it on your own server, you wholly own and control it.
12 | - If you wish to use the one that I host instead of running it yourself, just let me know. Maybe we can work something out.
13 |
14 | Compared to other proof of work bot deterrents like mCaptcha, I believe that this one is better because:
15 |
16 | - It uses a multi-threaded [WASM (Web Assembly)](https://webassembly.org/) [WebWorker](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API/Using_web_workers) running the [Scrypt hash function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrypt) instead of [SHA256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2). Because of this, it's:
17 | - 1. Fundamentally harder to accelerate.
18 | - 1. More likely to stop bots; a basic headless browser with JS execution might not be enough.
19 | - It is optimized for production use; its API minimizes the number of requests and amount of latency that you have to add to your system.
20 |
21 |
22 | ### Table of Contents
23 |
24 | 1. [How it works](#how-it-works)
25 | 1. [What is Proof of Work?](#what-is-proof-of-work)
26 | 1. [Overview sequence diagram](#overview-sequence-diagram)
27 | 1. [Configuring](#configuring)
28 | 1. [HTTP Challenge API](#http-challenge-api)
29 | 1. [HTTP Admin API](#http-admin-api)
30 | 1. [HTML DOM API](#html-dom-api)
31 | 1. [Running the example app](#running-the-example-app)
32 | 1. [Implementation walkthrough via example app](#implementation-walkthrough-via-example-app)
33 | 1. [Implementation Details for Developers](#implementation-details-for-developers)
34 | 1. [What is Proof of Work? Extended Concrete Example](#what-is-proof-of-work-extended-concrete-example)
35 |
36 | # How it works
37 |
38 | This application was designed to be a drop-in replacement for ReCaptcha by Google. It works pretty much the same way;
39 |
40 | 1. Your web application requests a challenge (in this case, a batch of challenges) from the challenge HTTP API
41 | 2. Your web application displays an HTML page which includes a form, and passes the challenge data to the form
42 | 3. The HTML page includes the JavaScript part of the Bot Deterrent app, this JavaScript draws a progress bar on the page
43 | 4. When the Proof of Work is complete, its JavaScript will fire off a callback to your JavaScript
44 | 5. When the form is submitted, your web application submits the nonce (solution) to the challenge HTTP API for validation
45 |
46 | # What is Proof of Work?
47 |
48 | Proof of Work (PoW) is a scheme by which one computer can prove to another that it expended a certain amount of computational effort.
49 |
50 | PoW does not require any 3rd party or authority to enforce rules, it is based on mathematics and the nature of the universe.
51 |
52 | PoW works fairly well as a deterrent against spam, a PoW requirement makes sending high-volume spam computationally expensive.
53 |
54 | It is impossible to predict how long a given Proof of Work will take to calculate. It could take no time at all (got it on the first try 😎 ), or it could take an abnormally long time (got unlucky and took forever to find the right hash 😟 ). You can think of it like flipping coins until you get a certain # of heads in a row. This **DOES** matter in terms of user interface and usability, so you will want to make sure that the difficulty is low enough that users are extremely unlikely to be turned away by an unlucky "takes forever" challenge.
55 |
56 | The word ["Nonce"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce#Hashing) in this document refers to "Number Used Once", in the context of hashing and proof of work.
57 |
58 | If you want to read more or see a concrete example, see [What is Proof of Work? Extended Concrete Example](#what-is-proof-of-work-extended-concrete-example) at the bottom of this file.
59 |
60 | # Overview sequence diagram
61 |
62 | 
63 |
64 | This diagram was created with https://app.diagrams.net/.
65 | To edit it, download the diagram file and edit it with the https://app.diagrams.net/ web application, or you may run the application from [source](https://github.com/jgraph/drawio) if you wish.
66 |
67 | # Configuring
68 |
69 | 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent gets all of its configuration from environment variables.
70 |
71 | #### `POW_BOT_DETERRENT_ADMIN_API_TOKEN`
72 |
73 | ⚠️ **REQUIRED**
74 |
75 | This token allows control of the Admin API & allows the bearer to create, list, and revoke application tokens.
76 |
77 | ----
78 |
79 | #### `POW_BOT_DETERRENT_BATCH_SIZE`
80 |
81 | 💬 *OPTIONAL* default value is 1000
82 |
83 | How many challenges to return at once.
84 |
85 | ----
86 |
87 | #### `POW_BOT_DETERRENT_DEPRECATE_AFTER_BATCHES`
88 |
89 | 💬 *OPTIONAL* default value is 10
90 |
91 | How many "batches-old" challenges can be before being dropped from memory.
92 |
93 | ----
94 |
95 | #### `POW_BOT_DETERRENT_LISTEN_PORT`
96 |
97 | 💬 *OPTIONAL* default value is 2730
98 |
99 | Which TCP port should the server listen on.
100 |
101 | ----
102 |
103 | #### `POW_BOT_DETERRENT_SCRYPT_CPU_AND_MEMORY_COST`
104 |
105 | 💬 *OPTIONAL* default value is 4096
106 |
107 | Allows you to tweak how difficult each individual hash in the proof of work will be.
108 |
109 | ----
110 |
111 | # HTTP Challenge API
112 |
113 | #### `POST /GetChallenges?difficultyLevel=`
114 |
115 | Required Header: `Authorization: Bearer `
116 |
117 | Return type: `application/json`
118 |
119 | `GetChallenges` returns a JSON array of 1000 strings. The Bot Deterrent server will remember each one of these challeges until it is
120 | restarted, or until GetChallenges has been called 10 more times. Each challenge can only be used once.
121 |
122 | The difficultyLevel parameter specifies how many bits of difficulty the challenges should have.
123 | Each time you increase the difficultyLevel by 1, it doubles the amount of time the Proof of Work will take on average.
124 | The recommended value is 5. A difficulty of 5 will be solved quickly by a laptop or desktop computer, and solved within 60 seconds or so by a cell phone.
125 |
126 |
127 | #### `POST /Verify?challenge=&nonce=`
128 |
129 | Required Header: `Authorization: Bearer `
130 |
131 | Return type: `text/plain` (error/status messages only)
132 |
133 | `Verify` returns HTTP 200 OK only if all of the following are true:
134 |
135 | - This challenge was returned by `GetChallenges`.
136 | - `GetChallenges` hasn't been called 10 or more times since this challenge was originally returned.
137 | - `Verify` has not been called on this challenge before.
138 | - The provided hexadecimal nonce solves the challenge.
139 | - (The winning nonce string will be passed to the function you specify in [data-pow-bot-deterrent-callback](#data-pow-bot-deterrent-callback). You just have to make sure to post it to your server so your server can include it when it calls `/Verify`)
140 |
141 |
142 | Otherwise it returns 404, 400, or 500.
143 |
144 |
145 | #### `GET /static/`
146 |
147 | Return type: depends on file
148 |
149 | Files:
150 |
151 | - pow-bot-deterrent.js
152 | - pow-bot-deterrent.css
153 | - proofOfWorker.js
154 |
155 | You only need to include `pow-bot-deterrent.js` in your page, it will pull in the other files automatically if they are not already present in the page.
156 | See below for a more detailed implementation walkthrough.
157 |
158 | # HTTP Admin API
159 |
160 | #### `GET /Tokens`
161 |
162 | Required Header: `Authorization: Bearer `
163 |
164 | Return type: `text/plain`
165 |
166 | Lists all existing api tokens in CSV format, including the token itself, the name, and when it was created.
167 |
168 | #### `POST /Tokens/Create?name=`
169 |
170 | Required Header: `Authorization: Bearer `
171 |
172 | Return type: `text/plain`
173 |
174 | Creates a new given API token with the given name and returns the token as a plain text hexadecimal string.
175 |
176 | #### `POST /Tokens/Revoke?token=`
177 |
178 | Required Header: `Authorization: Bearer `
179 |
180 | Return type: `text/plain` (error/status messages only)
181 |
182 | Revokes an existing API token.
183 |
184 |
185 | # HTML DOM API
186 |
187 | In order to set up 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent on your page, you just need to load/include `pow-bot-deterrent.js` and one or more html elements
188 | with all 3 of the following properties:
189 |
190 | #### `data-pow-bot-deterrent-url`
191 |
192 | This is the base url from which `pow-bot-deterrent.js` will attempt to load additional resources `pow-bot-deterrent.css` and `proofOfWorker.js`.
193 |
194 | > 💬 *INFO* In our examples, we passed the Bot Deterrent server URL down to the HTML page and used it as the value for this property.
195 | However, that's not required. The HTML page doesn't need to talk to the Bot Deterrent server at all, it just needs to know where it can
196 | download the `pow-bot-deterrent.css` and `proofOfWorker.js` files. There is nothing stopping you from simply hosting those files on your own server or CDN and placing the corresponding URL into the `data-pow-bot-deterrent-url` property.
197 |
198 | #### `data-pow-bot-deterrent-challenge`
199 |
200 | Set this property to one of the challenge strings returned by `GetChallenges`. It must be unique, each challenge can only be used once.
201 |
202 | ⚠️ **NOTE** that the element with the 3 `pow-bot-deterrent-xyz` data properties **MUST** be placed **inside a form element**. This is required, to allow the bot deterrent to know which input elements it needs to trigger on. We only want it to trigger when the user actually intends to submit the form; otherwise we are wasting a lot of their CPU cycles for no reason!
203 |
204 | #### `data-pow-bot-deterrent-callback`
205 |
206 | This is the name of a function in the global namespace which will be called & passed the winning nonce once the Proof of Work
207 | is completed. So, for example, if you had:
208 |
209 | ``
210 |
211 | Then you would provide your callback like so:
212 |
213 | ```
214 |
219 | ```
220 |
221 | > 💬 *INFO* You may also nest the callback inside object(s) if you wish:
222 |
223 | ``
224 |
225 | ```
226 |
233 | ```
234 |
235 | When `pow-bot-deterrent.js` runs, if it finds an element with `data-pow-bot-deterrent-challenge` & `data-pow-bot-deterrent-callback`, but the callback function is not defined yet, it will print a warning message. If the callback is still not defined when the Proof of Work is completed, it will throw an error.
236 |
237 | > 💬 *INFO* the element with the `pow-bot-deterrent` data properties should probably be styled to have a very small font size. When I was designing the css for the bot deterrent element, I made everything scale based on the font size (by using `em`). But because the page I was testing it on had a small font by default, I accidentally made it huge when it is rendered on a default HTML page. So for now you will want to make the font size of the element which contains it fairly small, like `10px` or `11px`.
238 |
239 | #### `window.botBotDeterrentInit`
240 |
241 | The bot deterrent event listeners, elements, css, & webworkers **won't be loaded until this function is called**.
242 |
243 | **`pow-bot-deterrent.js` will call this function automatically** if there's at least one DOM element with `data-pow-bot-deterrent-challenge` already when `pow-bot-deterrent.js` loads. Otherwise, it is up to you to call this function after you render the DOM elements & add the `data-pow-bot-deterrent-challenge` property to them.
244 |
245 | This function will throw an error if it is called more than once without calling `window.powBotDeterrentReset()` in between.
246 |
247 | For example:
248 |
249 | ```
250 |
253 | ```
254 |
255 | #### `window.powBotDeterrentReset`
256 |
257 | Resets the bot deterrent(s), stops the webworkers, etc. Use this if you have updated the page and you need to call `window.botBotDeterrentInit` again.
258 |
259 | #### `window.botBotDeterrentInitDone`
260 |
261 | A boolean variable that `pow-bot-deterrent.js` uses internally, so it can know if it has already been initialized or not.
262 |
263 | ----
264 |
265 | If you wanted to integrate 💥PoW! Bot Deterrent with a JavaScript driven front-end app, like a React-based app for example, you can install it via npm:
266 |
267 | `npm install git+https://git.sequentialread.com/forest/pow-bot-deterrent.git`
268 |
269 | and use it like this:
270 |
271 | ```
272 | import {React, useEffect, useState} from 'react';
273 |
274 | ...
275 |
276 | import '../node_modules/pow-bot-deterrent/static/pow-bot-deterrent.css'
277 | import '../node_modules/pow-bot-deterrent/static/pow-bot-deterrent.js'
278 |
279 | // assumes that this component gets passed the botDeterrentURL and challenge as props
280 | // these would be loaded/passed from the server somehow. Especially the challenge, it has to be unique each time.
281 | function MyComponent({botDeterrentURL, challenge}) {
282 |
283 | // When the component is created, set a unique string to be used as the callback in the global namespace (window)
284 | const [uniqueCallback] = useState(`pow-bot-deterrent-callback-${String(Math.random()).substring(6)}`);
285 |
286 | // when the nonce is calculated, we will call setNonce
287 | const [nonce, setNonce] = useState("");
288 |
289 | // because this useEffect will cause the WebWorkers to be re-created each time, which could get expensive,
290 | // you will want to ensure that this component does not somehow flicker in and out of existence
291 | useEffect(() => {
292 | window[uniqueCallback] = (winningNonce) => {
293 | setNonce(winningNonce);
294 | }
295 |
296 | // Maybe less clear than the above, but JavaScript heads might enjoy this more:
297 | // window[uniqueCallback] = setNonce;
298 |
299 | if(window.botBotDeterrentInitDone) {
300 | window.powBotDeterrentReset();
301 | }
302 | window.botBotDeterrentInit();
303 | }, [uniqueCallback]);
304 |
305 | return (
306 |
307 | ...
308 |
309 |
318 |