├── assets ├── mac-icon-dock.png ├── mac-icon-menu.png ├── mac-icon-finder.png ├── idea-jdk-download.jpg ├── remove-dock-icon.png ├── install-code-in-path.jpg ├── install-xcode-select.png ├── iterm-profile-usage.jpg ├── lemon-clean-rosetta.jpg ├── remove-desktop-icon.png ├── select-app-platform.jpg ├── install-any-source-app.jpg └── iterm-profile-setting.jpg ├── LICENSE └── README.md /assets/mac-icon-dock.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/mac-icon-dock.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/mac-icon-menu.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/mac-icon-menu.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/mac-icon-finder.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/mac-icon-finder.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/idea-jdk-download.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/idea-jdk-download.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/remove-dock-icon.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/remove-dock-icon.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/install-code-in-path.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/install-code-in-path.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/install-xcode-select.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/install-xcode-select.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/iterm-profile-usage.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/iterm-profile-usage.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/lemon-clean-rosetta.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/lemon-clean-rosetta.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/remove-desktop-icon.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/remove-desktop-icon.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/select-app-platform.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/select-app-platform.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/install-any-source-app.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/install-any-source-app.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /assets/iterm-profile-setting.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shockerli/mac-initialize/HEAD/assets/iterm-profile-setting.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Attribution 4.0 International 2 | 3 | ======================================================================= 4 | 5 | Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and 6 | does not provide legal services or legal advice. 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For 392 | the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the 393 | public licenses. 394 | 395 | Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. 396 | 397 | 398 | For more information, please see 399 | 400 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Mac 开光指南（V2） 2 | 💻 一份新 macOS 快速食用方法，普适新 Mac 或重装系统。 3 | 4 | > 本指南基于 MBP 14寸 12.5 系统（**主**）和 MBP 13寸 11.4 系统。 5 | > 6 | > 系统和软件的更新频繁，本项目不一定及时更新，故操作界面或步骤会略有差别，但影响不大。 7 | > 8 | > 本指南涉及内容较广，请选择适合自己的操作。 9 | > 10 | > 请善用 TOC 目录导航内容，GitHub 中 `README.md` 左侧的按钮更方便。 11 | > 12 | > 本指南遵循许可协议 [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.zh)（请看[转载要求](https://shockerli.net/reprint-protocol)） 13 | > 14 | > 博客原文地址: https://shockerli.net/post/mac-initialize 15 | > 16 | > 长期更新地址: https://github.com/shockerli/mac-initialize 17 | > 18 | > 最后更新于 `2023-11-06` 19 | 20 | 21 | ## 应用安装 22 | ### 安装软件 23 | 24 | ### 软件下载途径 25 | - App Store 搜索或排行榜 26 | - 软件的官网，都会提供下载 27 | - 第三方网站（不一定安全，需自行甄别） 28 | 29 | 有一些软件，是没有上架应用商店（如搜狗输入法）、或应用商店里的是阉割版本（如柠檬清理），就需要去官网下载。 30 | 31 | 下载软件时，尽量选择与架构匹配的，不要选 `Universal`，因为 `Universal` 会同时包含两个架构的软件包，体积更大但却没啥用。以下图 VSCode 为例，如果是 M1/M2 等苹果芯片则选 `Apple Silicon`，反之则选 `Intel Chip`。 32 | 33 | ![vscode-select-mac-platform](assets/select-app-platform.jpg) 34 | 35 | 当然，目前绝大多数的软件是不支持这么选择的，也就是只提供了一个 `Universal` 通用版本，那安装后，电脑里就会多一个架构的软件，可以使用[柠檬清理](https://lemon.qq.com)进行查找清理掉，不影响正常使用。 36 | 37 | 38 | ### 桌面上的安装包图标怎么去除？ 39 | - 方法①：桌面上右键安装包图标，选择「推出“XXX”」。 40 | 41 | ![移除桌面安装包镜像图标](assets/remove-desktop-icon.png) 42 | 43 | - 方法②：Finder（访达）左栏的「位置」处也有对应安装包，点按应用名称右侧的推出图标即可。 44 | 45 | - 方法③：重启系统后，安装包镜像会自动取消，对应的图标也会自动消失。 46 | 47 | 48 | ### 关闭软件更新 49 | 为何要关闭软件更新？因为默认会自动下载更新，也就会偷偷跑流量，而苹果系统更新都是几个G起步。不信看看 `/Library/Updates` 目录有多大。 50 | 51 | 关闭自动更新： 52 | - `系统偏好设置 → 软件更新 → 自动保持我的 Mac 运行最新版本（取消勾选）` 53 | - `系统偏好设置 → 软件更新 → 高级... → 取消所有勾选`（主要是**下载可用的更新**） 54 | - `App Store → 偏好设置 → 自动更新（取消勾选）、自动下载站其他设备上购买的App（取消勾选）` 55 | 56 | 删除已下载的文件： 57 | - 关闭 `SIP`、删除目录 `/Library/Updates` 下的内容、再开启 `SIP`。 58 | 59 | 进程 `nsurlsessiond` 会偷偷跑流量，有几个原因： 60 | - 正在下载系统或软件更新文件 61 | - iCloud 正在同步数据 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | ## 键盘符号与快捷键 66 | ### 符号映射 67 | | 符号 | 按键 | 68 | | --- | --- | 69 | | ⌘ | Command | 70 | | ⇧ | Shift | 71 | | ⇪ | Caps Lock | 72 | | ⌥ | Option = Alt | 73 | | ⌃ | Control | 74 | | Fn | 功能键 | 75 | | ↩ | Enter | 76 | | ⌫ | Delete | 77 | | ⌦ | Fn + Delete | 78 | | ↑ | 上箭头 | 79 | | ↓ | 下箭头 | 80 | | ← | 左箭头 | 81 | | → | 右箭头 | 82 | | ⇞ | Fn + ↑ = Page Up | 83 | | ⇟ | Fn + ↓ = Page Down | 84 | | Home | Fn + ← | 85 | | End | Fn + → | 86 | | ⇥ | Tab = 右制表符 | 87 | | ⇤ | Shift + Tab = 左制表符 | 88 | | ⎋ | Esc = Escape | 89 | | ⏏ | 电源开关键 | 90 | | ` | 反引号（ESC 下面） | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 一定要熟记前 5 个符号的按键位置！！！ 95 | 96 | 97 | ### 常用快捷键 98 | 大部分情况下，Command 键等同于 Windows 的 Ctrl 键，以下仅列出部分常用或与 Windows 不一样的快捷键，更多参考官方 [Mac 键盘快捷键](https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/HT201236) 以及对应软件的快捷键。 99 | 100 | | 快捷键 | 说明 | 101 | | --- | --- | 102 | | Command + Z | 撤销，`Shift + Command + Z`：重做 | 103 | | Command + 逗号 (`,`) | 打开当前窗口应用的**偏好设置** | 104 | | Control + Command + Q | 立即锁定屏幕 | 105 | | Command + D | 复制所选文件 | 106 | | Option + Command + D | 显示或隐藏“程序坞” | 107 | | Control + Command + D | 显示或隐藏所选字词的定义 | 108 | | Control + A | 移至行或段落的开头 | 109 | | Control + E | 移至行或段落的末尾 | 110 | | Control + U | 终端软件里，直接清除行 | 111 | | Control + 空格 | 切换输入法 | 112 | | Command + Q | 退出当前应用 | 113 | 114 | - 访达 115 | 116 | | 快捷键 | 说明 | 117 | | --- | --- | 118 | | Command + 上箭头 | 打开包含当前文件夹的文件夹 | 119 | | Command + 左中括号 (`[`) | 前往上一文件夹 | 120 | | Command + 右中括号 (`]`) | 前往下一个文件夹 | 121 | | Command + Delete | 将所选项移到废纸篓 | 122 | | Option + Command + C | 复制当前目录的全路径 | 123 | 124 | - 窗口 125 | 126 | | 快捷键 | 说明 | 127 | | --- | --- | 128 | | Command + Tab | 在多个打开的 App 之间切换到**下一个**最近使用的 App | 129 | | Command + Shift + Tab | 在多个打开的 App 之间切换到**上一个**最近使用的 App | 130 | | Command + `（反引号） | 同一个应用的不同窗口间切换，已被最小化的窗口无法恢复 | 131 | | Command + M | 最小化当前窗口，但无法通过快捷键切换回来，只能手动去菜单栏或程序坞重新打开 | 132 | | Command + H | 隐藏当前应用，即该应用的所有窗口，可通过快捷键切换回来 | 133 | | Command + Option + H | 隐藏其他应用 | 134 | | F3 | 显示当前桌面的所有已打开窗口（不含最小化或已隐藏） | 135 | | Control + 上箭头 | 同上 | 136 | | 触控板：四指向上轻扫 | 同上（如已设置`触控板 → 更多手势 → 调度中心`） | 137 | | Control + 下箭头 | 显示当前应用的所有已打开窗口（不含最小化或已隐藏） | 138 | | 触控板：四指向下轻扫 | 同上（如已设置`触控板 → 更多手势 → App Expose`） | 139 | 140 | - 桌面 141 | 142 | | 快捷键 | 说明 | 143 | | --- | --- | 144 | | Control + 右箭头 | 向右切换桌面 | 145 | | 触控板：四指向右轻扫 | 同上 | 146 | | Control + 左箭头 | 向左切换桌面 | 147 | | 触控板：四指向左轻扫 | 同上 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 其他快捷键：选取苹果菜单 > “系统偏好设置”，点按“键盘”，然后点按“快捷键”。 151 | 152 | 153 | ## 基础设置 154 | 155 | ### 触控板设置 156 | 触控板的设置及使用教程，可查看 `系统偏好设置 > 触控板`。 157 | 158 | > 让你的触控板变的跟鼠标不同，治疗你的手指关节炎😄 159 | 160 | - `系统偏好设置 > 触控板 > 光标与点按` 161 | * `轻点来点按（勾选）` 162 | * 可单指轻点=鼠标左键点击，可双指轻点=鼠标右键点击 163 | 164 | - `系统偏好设置 > 触控板 > 光标与点按` 165 | * `查询与数据检测器（勾选）` 166 | * `三指轻点` 167 | * 对着词汇三指轻点，直接调用Mac自带词典查询，与右键中的「查询」一样 168 | 169 | - `系统偏好设置 > 触控板 > 更多手势` 170 | * `App Expose（勾选）` 171 | * `在全屏幕显示的App之间轻扫（四指左右轻扫）` 172 | * 以上两个选项，将三指操作改为四指操作，是为了给「三指拖移」让路 173 | 174 | - `系统偏好设置 > 辅助功能 > 指针控制 > 鼠标与触控板 > 触控板选项` 175 | * `启动拖移（勾选）> 三指拖移` 176 | * 与鼠标左键按住拖动一样，三个手指同时在触控板滑动，可拖动任何窗口的菜单栏进行移动，也可以选择范围内容 177 | 178 | 学习触控板设置中的各个手势操作示范视频，别再跟鼠标一样用触控板啦。 179 | 180 | 181 | ### 开启任何来源 182 | 为何要「任何来源」权限？因为不开启就无法安装 `App Store` 以外的软件，比如从网站直接下载的 dmg 安装包。 183 | 184 | `被认可的开发者` 指的是购买了苹果企业证书对应用进行签名、且提交给苹果审核通过的软件。而大部分免费开源的应用是不会去购买此证书的。另外，破解应用因为会修改应用的文件从而导致签名失效而无法运行。所以，想安装第三方应用，需要开启 `任何来源` 这个权限。 185 | 186 | `macOS` 默认隐藏了 `任何来源` 选项，需要在终端执行以下命令显示此选项： 187 | 188 | ```shell 189 | sudo spctl --master-disable 190 | ``` 191 | 192 | 然后在 `系统偏好设置 > 安全性与隐私 > 通用 > 任何来源` 打开： 193 | 194 | ![install-any-source-app](assets/install-any-source-app.jpg) 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | ### 修改主机名 199 | > 就是为了好看点，默认的太丑，隔空投送的显示名字和终端都会用到 200 | 201 | 参考文章: https://shockerli.net/post/macos-hostname-scutil/ 202 | 203 | 设置路径：`系统偏好设置 > 共享` => 修改`电脑名称`、编辑`本地主机名` 204 | 205 | 也可通过命令修改： 206 | 207 | ```shell 208 | # 修改主机名 209 | sudo scutil --set HostName 自定义主机名 210 | 211 | # 修改电脑名称 212 | sudo scutil --set ComputerName 自定义电脑名 213 | ``` 214 | 215 | 216 | ### 拼写辅助 217 | 当你输入英文单词时，默认会提示你更正首字母为大写，烦人的很。 218 | 219 | `系统偏好设置 > 键盘 > 文本 > 自动大写字词的首字母（取消勾选）` 220 | 221 | 同理，如果不想「自动纠正拼写」或其他输入相关的功能，也可在此面板一并调整。 222 | 223 | 224 | ### 程序坞（Dock） 225 | ![mac-icon-dock](assets/mac-icon-dock.png) 226 | 227 | `程序坞(Dock)` 是 macOS 桌面上日常 APP 和功能的便利管理，与 `Windows` 任务栏类似。 228 | 229 | `系统偏好设置 > 程序坞与菜单栏 > 程序坞` 230 | - `> 将窗口最小化至应用程序图标（勾选）` 231 | - `> 在程序坞中显示最近使用的应用程序（取消勾选）` 232 | 233 | 234 | 从程序坞中挨个移除你不行要的应用图标，以及添加你希望常驻的图标。 235 | 236 | **移除**：`右键程序坞中应用图标 > 选项 > 从程序坞中移除` 237 | 238 | 或者将程序坞中的图标拖到废纸篓中也能删除图标。 239 | 240 | ![移除程序坞图标](assets/remove-dock-icon.png) 241 | 242 | **添加**：从启动台（应用全列表）拖动图标到程序坞指定位置 243 | 244 | 245 | ### 显示器 246 | 247 | #### 夜览 248 | 夜览与 [f.lux](https://justgetflux.com) 功能类似，根据时间来自动调节显示器色温的护眼程序。不过系统自带夜览只支持内置显示器，外接显示器不会生效，此时可关闭夜览并使用 `f.lux`。 249 | 250 | ``` 251 | 系统偏好设置 > 显示器 > 夜览... > 设定时间 > 日落到日出 252 | ``` 253 | 254 | 255 | ### 菜单栏 256 | ![mac-icon-menu](assets/mac-icon-menu.png) 257 | 258 | 菜单栏中的系统图标尽量少一点，多留空间给应用图标，尤其是小屏、刘海屏。 259 | 260 | #### 时钟 261 | 默认时间格式太长，去除不必要的。 262 | 263 | ``` 264 | 系统偏好设置 > 程序坞与菜单栏 > 时钟 > 显示日期（取消勾选）、显示星期（取消勾选）、在时间中显示秒钟（勾选） 265 | ``` 266 | 267 | #### 聚焦 268 | 不需要在菜单栏展示，有快捷键 `⌘ + 空格`。 269 | 270 | ``` 271 | 系统偏好设置 > 程序坞与菜单栏 > 聚焦 > 在菜单栏中显示（取消勾选） 272 | ``` 273 | 274 | #### Siri 275 | 不需要在菜单栏展示，可配置快捷键或语音指令。 276 | 277 | `系统偏好设置 > Siri`，自行配置「听取“嘿Siri”」、快捷键等。 278 | 279 | 280 | ### 访达（Finder） 281 | ![mac-icon-finder](assets/mac-icon-finder.png) 282 | 283 | `访达(Finder)` 是 macOS 中文件可视化管理程序。 284 | - `访达 → 偏好设置 → 通用 → 开启新“访达”窗口时打开：「下载」` 285 | 286 | 设置一个访达启动时的默认打开目录。 287 | 288 | - `访达 → 偏好设置 → 通用 → 在标签页中打开文件夹（勾选）` 289 | 290 | 开启多标签页功能。 291 | （旧版系统不支持，可自行安装 `Path Finder` 或 `TotalFinder` 以使用该功能） 292 | 293 | - `访达 → 偏好设置 → 高级 → 执行搜索时：「搜索当前文件夹」` 294 | 295 | 默认是搜全电脑文件，但绝大多数我们期望的是搜索当前文件夹下的文件。 296 | 297 | - 开启 `退出访达` 功能 298 | 299 | 一般都应用都能退出（`⌘ + Q`），但访达默认是不行的，需手动开启。 300 | 301 | ```shell 302 | defaults write com.apple.finder QuitMenuItem -bool true 303 | 304 | killall Finder 305 | ``` 306 | 307 | - 显示目录全路径 308 | 309 | `Finder` 顶栏默认显示的是当前目录的名称，如需跟 Windows 一样显示全路径，需手动开启。 310 | 311 | ```shell 312 | defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool true 313 | 314 | killall Finder 315 | ``` 316 | 317 | 318 | ### 服务 319 | `服务` 是 macOS 中服务提供者程序为服务请求者程序提供的便捷服务（便捷入口、且支持设置快捷键）。 320 | 321 | 例如，`iTerm` 就在 `Finder` 322 | 323 | ``` 324 | 系统偏好设置 → 键盘 → 快捷键 → 服务 325 | ``` 326 | 327 | 可开启所需服务，及设置其快捷键。 328 | 329 | 330 | ### 密码长度限制 331 | macOS 10.14 后不允许设置 4 位数以下的密码。下面的命令可关闭这个策略的限制： 332 | 333 | ```shell 334 | pwpolicy -clearaccountpolicies 335 | ``` 336 | 337 | 338 | ### 开机自启管理 339 | 用户级别的开机自启应用管理，可在 `系统偏好设置 → 用户与群组 → 登录项` 列表中查看和开关。 340 | 341 | 系统级别的，比如 `Docker`，可用 `柠檬清理` 等系统工具进行管理。 342 | 343 | 如果是通过 `Homebrew` 安装的服务，那可用 `brew services` 命令管理。 344 | 345 | 也可以通过命令 `launchctl` 进行管理。 346 | 347 | 348 | ### 关闭输入法切换时的提示图标 349 | > 自 macOS 14 Sonoma 开始，默认会在切换输入法时，光标处有个提示图标。 350 | > 351 | > 在终端类软件中，执行以下指令，并按提示输入电脑密码，然后重启电脑后关闭该提示。 352 | 353 | ```shell 354 | sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/FeatureFlags/Domain/UIKit.plist redesigned_text_cursor -dict-add Enabled -bool NO 355 | ``` 356 | 357 | 358 | ### 关于 SIP 359 | SIP（`System Integrity Protection`，系统完整性保护）是 macOS 所采用的一项安全技术，能够帮助防止潜在恶意软件修改 macOS 上受保护的文件和文件夹。系统完整性保护可以限制 `root` 用户帐户，以及 `root` 用户能够在 macOS 的受保护部分完成的操作。 360 | 361 | 为了安全，**强烈不建议**关闭 `SIP` 保护。 362 | 363 | 如果一个应用需要关闭 SIP 才可运行，这意味着此应用本身也不安全，可直接放弃。 364 | 365 | 如果是临时性的需要（如上文提到的删除系统更新文件），可以先关闭、操作完后再立即开启。 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | ## 基础设施 370 | ### Xcode Command Line Tools 371 | > macOS 系统很多软件都需要用到的依赖工具，不安装的话连 Git 都没法用🙄 372 | 373 | ```shell 374 | xcode-select --install 375 | ``` 376 | 377 | 同意协议后会全程自动下载安装，文件比较大，需要等待一会。 378 | 379 | ![install-xcode-select](assets/install-xcode-select.png) 380 | 381 | 382 | ### Homebrew 383 | 开源免费、强大易用的软件安装管理器。 384 | 385 | 官网: https://brew.sh 386 | 387 | GitHub: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew 388 | 389 | 390 | 因国内访问 GitHub 不稳定，可以直接参考清华大学镜像站的安装教程，简单快速、此处不做复述。 391 | 392 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站及安装、镜像教程: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/ 393 | 394 | 395 | 396 | ### iTerm2 397 | 开源免费、美观高效的最强终端工具。 398 | 399 | 官网下载: https://www.iterm2.com 400 | 401 | 或 `brew install --cask iterm2` 402 | 403 | 404 | #### 颜色配置 405 | 颜色列表: https://iterm2colorschemes.com 406 | 407 | 颜色选择: `Profiles -> Colors -> Color Presets` 选择 `Solarized Dark` 408 | 409 | 410 | #### 背景图 411 | `Profiles → Default → Window → Background Image → Enabled（勾选，会弹窗让选择图片` 412 | 413 | 还可调节透明度、缩放模式。 414 | 415 | 416 | #### Profiles Command 417 | `Profiles` 用于配置新建 Tab 的默认行为，而 `Profiles` 中的 Command 则可用于配置新建 Tab 时自动执行的命令，一般用于 SSH 远程连接的场景较多。 418 | 419 | Profiles Command 配置： 420 | 421 | ![iTerm2 Profiles Command 配置](assets/iterm-profile-setting.jpg) 422 | 423 | 注意：自定义的 Profile 会继承 `Default` 的配置，故自定义的 Profile 无需重复去配置颜色、主题、快捷键等。 424 | 425 | Profiles 使用及快捷键： 426 | 427 | ![iTerm2 Profiles 使用及快捷键](assets/iterm-profile-usage.jpg) 428 | 429 | 430 | #### Status Bar 431 | 432 | 433 | #### 配置左右键前后单词跳转 434 | > 按住 `option + → or ←` 键，在命令的开始和结尾跳转切换 435 | 436 | `Profiles → Default → Keys → Key Mappings`，点击 `+`： 437 | 438 | `Keyboard shortcut`: `option + →` 439 | `Action`: `Send Escape Sequence` 440 | `Esc + f` 441 | 442 | `Keyboard shortcut`: `option + ←` 443 | `Action`: `Send Escape Sequence` 444 | `Esc + b` 445 | 446 | 447 | #### iTerm2 快速隐藏和显示 448 | `Keys → Hotkey`，勾选 `Show/hide all windows with a system-wide hotkey`，并设置快捷键，比如 `⌥ + ⌘ + .`（`option + command + 句点`）。 449 | 450 | 451 | #### 在 Finder 中打开当前目录 452 | 在终端中使用 `open` 命令即可： 453 | ```shell 454 | open . 455 | ``` 456 | 457 | #### 粘贴自动转义 458 | 从剪切板粘贴 URL 到 iTerm2 时会被转义。参考官方 [Wiki](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Settings#disable_magic_functions)。打开配置文件 `~/.zshrc`： 459 | ```ini 460 | DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS=true 461 | ``` 462 | 463 | #### Finder 中使用 iTerm 打开当前目录 464 | 可在 Finder 中快捷的使用 iTerm 打开当前目录，避免手动的在 iTerm 中输入路径。 465 | 466 | ``` 467 | Finder → 文件右键 → 服务 → New iTerm2 Tab Here 468 | ``` 469 | 470 | 471 | ### Oh My Zsh 472 | `Oh My Zsh` 让 `zsh` 变得更好用、配置更简单。（macOS 10.15 后已使用 `zsh` 作为默认 Shell） 473 | 474 | GitHub: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh 475 | 476 | - 通过`curl`安装 477 | 478 | ```shell 479 | sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" 480 | ``` 481 | 482 | - 设置 `zsh` 为当前用户的默认 `Shell` 483 | 484 | ```shell 485 | chsh -s /bin/zsh 486 | ``` 487 | 488 | - 配置文件 489 | 490 | ```shell 491 | .zshenv 中存放的环境变量配置项在任何场景下都能被读取，这里通常把$PATH等变量写在这里，这样无论是在交互 shell，或者运行程序都会读取此文件 492 | 493 | .zshrc 主要用在交互 shell，上篇文章中就是对这个文件进行修改。对终端交互shell有用。 494 | 495 | .zlogin 在 login shell 的时候读取，比如系统启动的时候会读取此文件 496 | 497 | .zprofile 是.zlogin的替代品，如果使用了 .zlogin 就不必再关心此文件 498 | 499 | .zlogout退出终端的时候读取，用于做一些清理工作 500 | 501 | 读取顺序 502 | .zshenv → [.zprofile if login] → [.zshrc if interactive] → [.zlogin if login] → [.zlogout sometimes] 503 | ``` 504 | 505 | 506 | #### 配置 507 | - 禁用自动更新 508 | 509 | 默认会每次新开 Tab 时检查更新，编辑 `~/.zshrc`，取消该行内容的注释： 510 | 511 | ```shell 512 | zstyle ':omz:update' mode disabled 513 | ``` 514 | 515 | #### 插件 516 | 517 | ##### zsh-autosuggestions 518 | > 输入命令时可提示自动补全（灰色部分），按键 `→` 即可补全 519 | > 520 | > https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions 521 | 522 | 通过 Brew 安装： 523 | ```shell 524 | brew install zsh-autosuggestions 525 | ``` 526 | 527 | 安装完后，根据提示，打开 `~/.zshrc` 添加： 528 | ```shell 529 | // 以下内容可能 Homebrew 版本不一样，以 brew 的提示为准 530 | // 比如以前是 /usr/local/share/xxx 531 | // 可直接用 brew info zsh-autosuggestions 查看 532 | source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh 533 | ``` 534 | 535 | 536 | ##### zsh-syntax-highlighting 537 | > 日常用的命令会高亮显示，命令错误显示红色 538 | > 539 | > https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting 540 | 541 | 通过 Brew 安装： 542 | ```shell 543 | brew install zsh-syntax-highlighting 544 | ``` 545 | 546 | 安装完后，根据提示，打开 `~/.zshrc` 添加： 547 | ```shell 548 | // 以下内容可能 Homebrew 版本不一样，以 brew 的提示为准 549 | // 比如以前是 /usr/local/share/xxx 550 | // 可直接用 brew info zsh-syntax-highlighting 查看 551 | source /opt/homebrew/share/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh 552 | ``` 553 | 554 | ##### autojump 555 | > 实现目录间快速跳转，想去哪个目录直接 `j + 目录名` 556 | > 557 | > https://github.com/wting/autojump 558 | 559 | 通过 Brew 安装： 560 | ```shell 561 | brew install autojump 562 | ``` 563 | 564 | 安装完后，根据提示，打开 `~/.zshrc` 添加： 565 | ```shell 566 | [ -f /opt/homebrew/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh ] && . /opt/homebrew/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh 567 | ``` 568 | 569 | 570 | #### 主题 571 | 主题列表: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes 572 | 573 | 内置主题: `$ZSH/themes`（`$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/themes`） 574 | 575 | 修改 `~/.zshrc` 配置文件： 576 | 577 | ```shell 578 | ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell" 579 | ``` 580 | 581 | 可在 `$ZSH/custom/themes` 下自定义主题。 582 | 583 | 584 | ### Git 585 | #### GitHub 配置 SSH 586 | 终端执行命令 `ssh-keygen`，一路回车，生成密钥。 587 | 588 | 读取并拷贝密钥文本。 589 | ```shell 590 | cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 591 | ``` 592 | 593 | 打开 [GitHub](https://github.com/settings/ssh/new) SSH key 配置页面（`个人头像 > Settings > Access > SSH and GPG keys > New SSH Key`），将拷贝的 `ssh-rsa` 密钥内容添加到 GitHub。 594 | 595 | 596 | #### Git 配置 user 597 | 终端执行命令 `git config --global -e` 打开 Git 全局配置文件，修改或添加 `[user]` 内容： 598 | ```ini 599 | [user] 600 | name = jioby 601 | email = jioby@example.com 602 | ``` 603 | 604 | 或者使用命令行方式： 605 | ```shell 606 | git config --global user.name "jioby" 607 | git config --global user.email "jioby@example.com" 608 | ``` 609 | 610 | 611 | #### 设置 lg 别名 612 | `git config --global -e` 打开配置文件： 613 | ```ini 614 | [alias] 615 | lg = log --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset | %ad | %Cblue%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%an)%Creset' --abbrev-commit --date=short 616 | ``` 617 | 618 | 或者使用命令行方式： 619 | ```shell 620 | git config --global alias.lg "log --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset | %ad | %Cblue%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%an)%Creset' --abbrev-commit --date=short" 621 | ``` 622 | 623 | 接着可使用 `git lg` 清爽看日志： 624 | ```shell 625 | * 5864617 | 2022-07-31 | (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD) update license to CC 4.0 (Jioby) 626 | * 3d8de53 | 2022-07-31 | 关闭自动更新，解决nsurlsessiond偷偷跑流量 (shockerli) 627 | * a0c313e | 2022-07-30 | vscode install code command (shockerli) 628 | * 8ebffa3 | 2022-07-30 | 全新指南，支持macOS 12.x系统 (shockerli) 629 | ``` 630 | 631 | #### 默认分支 632 | 设置 Git 项目初始化时的默认分支，一般为 `master` 或 `main`。 633 | 634 | ```shell 635 | git config --global init.defaultBranch 636 | ``` 637 | 638 | 639 | ### Vim 640 | 在 macOS 上 `Vim` 使用较浅，故配置够用即可，不装扩展。直接 `vim ~/.vimrc`： 641 | 642 | ```vim 643 | " 推荐设置 644 | colorscheme desert " 颜色显示方案 645 | syntax on " 打开语法高亮 646 | set tabstop=4 " TAB 字符的显示宽度 647 | 648 | " 以下自选 649 | set nocompatible " 不兼容 Vi 650 | set nu " 显示行号 651 | set showmatch " 自动高亮匹配括号 652 | set cursorline " 高亮光标所在行 653 | set hlsearch " 高亮搜索匹配结果 654 | set incsearch " 跟随输入，即时搜索 655 | set ignorecase " 搜索忽略大小写 656 | set history=1000 " 历史操作记录次数 657 | set autoread " 文件发生外部变更时提示 658 | set wildmenu " 命令模式，底部按 Tab 自动补全 659 | set smartindent " 智能缩进 660 | set expandtab " 按 Tab 键时，使用空格替代制表符（不影响已有制表符） 661 | set shiftwidth=4 " 自动缩进时，缩进长度 662 | set softtabstop=-1 " Tab 转为多少空格，负数表示与shiftwidth一致 663 | set laststatus=2 " 是否显示状态栏, 0:不显示, 1:多窗口时显示, 2:显示 664 | set ruler " 这状态栏显示光标的当前位置（行数&列数） 665 | set wrap " 自动换行 666 | ``` 667 | 668 | `colorscheme` 可选项在 `/usr/share/vim/vim*/colors` 目录下，自己选。 669 | 670 | 671 | 672 | ## 系统工具 673 | 674 | ### 柠檬清理 675 | > 腾讯出品**开源免费**的清理、卸载、流量、监控、磁盘空间分析、开机启动管理等系统工具。 676 | 677 | 官网下载: https://lemon.qq.com 678 | 679 | 开源地址: https://github.com/Tencent/lemon-cleaner 680 | 681 | 最值得使用的功能，莫过于**清理与当前芯片不同版本的二进制文件**： 682 | ![lemon-clean-rosetta](assets/lemon-clean-rosetta.jpg) 683 | 684 | 685 | ### 输入法 686 | 拼音输入法推荐 `搜狗输入法`，简单易用、词库齐全、安装即用。 687 | 688 | 官网下载: https://pinyin.sogou.com/mac/ 689 | 690 | 输入法配置：`系统偏好设置 > 键盘 > 输入法`：删除无用的输入法（`ABC` 别删） 691 | 692 | 同步原配置：`偏好设置 > 登录账户 > 同步 > 配置同步 > 下载配置` 693 | 694 | 695 | ### Chrome 696 | 官网下载: https://www.google.cn/intl/zh-CN/chrome/ 697 | 698 | #### 扩展 699 | - [Infinity New Tab Pro](http://cn.infinitynewtab.com): 新标签页 700 | - [iTab New Tab](https://www.itab.link): 新标签页 701 | - [FeHelper](https://www.baidufe.com/fehelper): 前端工具集（内含 JSON 美化对比、时间转换、编码转换等十几个小工具） 702 | - [Adblock Plus](https://adblockplus.org): 广告净化 703 | - [SimpRead](http://ksria.com/simpread): 最佳阅读体验 704 | - [Tampermonkey](https://www.tampermonkey.net): 油猴脚本管理 705 | - [ImageAssistant](http://www.pullywood.com/ImageAssistant): 图片助手，网页图片提取下载 706 | - [SourceGraph](https://sourcegraph.com): GitHub 源码浏览神器 707 | 708 | 709 | #### 油猴脚本 710 | 油猴脚本（用户脚本）是一段代码，它们能够优化您的网页浏览体验。安装之后，有些脚本能为网站添加新的功能，有些能使网站的界面更加易用，有些则能隐藏网站上烦人的部分内容。 711 | 712 | [Tampermonkey](https://www.tampermonkey.net) 是一个可运行在 Chrome、Firefox、Safari、Edge 等浏览器的用户脚本管理扩展。 713 | 714 | [Greasy Fork](https://greasyfork.org) 则是一个油猴脚本免费商店，绝大部分用户脚本都在上面有发布，方便查找、安装使用。 715 | 716 | **安装方式**： 717 | - 从 Greasy Fork 安装 718 | 例如 [CSDNGreener](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/378351)，打开后会显示安装按钮和界面 719 | - 从 URL 安装 720 | 例如 Bilibili-Evolved 的脚本 URL 是 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/the1812/Bilibili-Evolved/master/dist/bilibili-evolved.user.js 721 | 直接在 Tampermonkey `管理面板 > 实用工具 > 从 URL 安装`，粘贴脚本 URL，点击安装即可 722 | 723 | **推荐脚本**： 724 | - [Bilibili-Evolved](https://github.com/the1812/Bilibili-Evolved) - B站增强 [[脚本 URL]](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/the1812/Bilibili-Evolved/master/dist/bilibili-evolved.user.js) 725 | - [CSDNGreener](https://github.com/adlered/CSDNGreener) - CSDN 网站绿化 [[Greasy Fork]](https://greasyfork.org/zh-CN/scripts/378351) 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 | ### Alfred 730 | 效率工具神器，可以快速的搜索本地应用、搜索本地文件、执行终端命令、浏览器搜索、打开网址、剪切板管理、翻译、文件管理、音乐控制等，也可以自定义工作流，与其他软件深度配合。 731 | 732 | 软件小巧、性能强悍、高级功能需付费，配置同步可用 iCloud 或 Git 或自己想办法。 733 | 734 | 官网: https://www.alfredapp.com 735 | 736 | #### 常用配置 737 | - `Features` > `Web Search` > 新增自定义搜索、关闭不需要的搜索 738 | - `Features` > `Default Results` > `Setup fallback results` > 设置使用搜索方式 739 | - `Features` > `Clipboard History` > 勾选需要剪贴板存储的内容（文本、图片、文件）及保留时间 740 | - `Appearance` > 选择 `Alfred macOS` 切换主题样式，也可以自定义 741 | - `Appearance` > `Options` > `Show Alfred on`：选择 `active screen` 或 `mouse screen`，因为默认为 `default screen` 即在默认显示屏打开 Alfred 窗口，多屏或多显示器时默认设置不够贴心。 742 | 743 | #### Workflows 744 | 可参考下面两个收藏集合内的配置： 745 | - [learn-anything/alfred-workflows](https://github.com/learn-anything/alfred-workflows) 746 | - [zenorocha/alfred-workflows](https://github.com/zenorocha/alfred-workflows) 747 | 748 | 749 | 750 | ### Shell Alias 751 | 以下是常用命令，设置别名，使用更方便。添加到 `~/.zshrc`。 752 | ```shell 753 | alias ll='ls -Alh' 754 | alias al='ls | sed "s:^:`pwd`/:"' 755 | alias egrep='ps -ef | grep' 756 | alias grep='grep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg,.svn}' 757 | ``` 758 | 759 | 760 | 761 | ### autossh 762 | > 一个简单管理远程 SSH 账号的脚本工具 763 | 764 | - 安装 765 | ```shell 766 | curl -o /usr/local/bin/autossh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FeeiCN/autossh/master/autossh 767 | chmod +x /usr/local/bin/autossh 768 | ``` 769 | 770 | - 配置 771 | ```shell 772 | $ cat ~/.autosshrc 773 | server_name|192.168.1.110|root|password|port|is_bastion 774 | ``` 775 | 776 | ### 开发软件 777 | - `SourceTree`: Git 可视化（免费） 778 | - `Navicat Premium`: 多种数据库管理工具 779 | - `Sourcetrail`: 源码阅读神器（[开源](https://github.com/CoatiSoftware/Sourcetrail)） 780 | - `Jetbrains IDE 系列` 781 | - `Postman`: 接口调试（免费） 782 | - `htop`: 增强版 `top` 命令（[开源](https://github.com/htop-dev/htop)） 783 | - `Visual Studio Code`: 强大的编辑器（[开源](https://code.visualstudio.com)） 784 | - `Proxyman`: 代理抓包工具（免费） 785 | 786 | 787 | #### Visual Studio Code 788 | 官网下载: https://code.visualstudio.com 789 | 790 | 791 | ##### 配置终端 code 快捷打开 792 | 安装 `code` 命令，支持在终端快捷打开 `VSCode`。 793 | 794 | 快捷键 `⌘ + ⇧ + P` 打开命令面板，输入 `shell`，选择 `Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH`。 795 | 796 | ![install-code-command-in-path](assets/install-code-in-path.jpg) 797 | 798 | 然后在终端输入 `code .` 或者 `code [path]` 直接在 `VSCode` 打开文件或目录。 799 | 800 | 801 | ##### 扩展 802 | | 扩展 | 说明 | 803 | | --- | --- | 804 | | `Chinese Language Pack for Visual Studio Code` | 中文语言包 | 805 | | `IntelliJ IDEA Keybindings` | IntelliJ IDEA 快捷键绑定 | 806 | | `Code Runner` | 快捷运行代码文件 | 807 | | `EditorConfig for VS Code` | `EditorConfig` 配置扩展，根据配置统一格式化风格 | 808 | | `PPZ` | 关系型数据库图形管理 | 809 | 810 | 811 | #### Sublime Text 812 | 安装 `Package Control`: https://packagecontrol.io/installation 813 | 814 | 中文插件: `ChineseLocalizations` 815 | 816 | - 配置 `subl` 命令行打开文件 817 | 818 | > 在 `~/.zshrc` 添加如下配置: 819 | 820 | ```shell 821 | alias subl="'/Applications/Sublime Text.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl'" 822 | ``` 823 | 824 | 然后就可以使用 `subl [path]` 快捷打开文件或目录。 825 | 826 | 827 | ### 其他软件 828 | - [`f.lux`](https://justgetflux.com)：自动调整屏幕色温的护眼程序（免费） 829 | - `MonitorControl`：[`开源`](https://github.com/MonitorControl/MonitorControl) 显示器亮度、音量控制，支持外接显示器 830 | - `万年历`：日历（免费） 831 | - `网易有道词典`：翻译（免费） 832 | - `iShot`：截图、长截图、录屏（基础免费） 833 | - `嘀嗒清单`：时间与日程管理（基础免费） 834 | - `MWeb` / `Typora` / `FSNotes`：Markdown 笔记管理 835 | - `FastZip/MacZip`：解压缩（免费） 836 | - `NTFS Disk by Omi`：免费的 NTFS 磁盘读写管理器（支持 M1） 837 | - `OmniGraffle Pro`：图表/流程图等矢量图绘制 838 | - `Reeder`：RSS 订阅 839 | - `IINA`：[`开源`](https://github.com/iina/iina)音视频播放器 840 | - `Beyond Compare`：文件/文本对比 841 | - `Rectangle` - [`开源`](https://github.com/rxhanson/Rectangle)窗口整理/分屏 842 | - `uTools`：类似 Alfred 的效率工具，跨平台（免费） 843 | - `Brave Browser`：基于 `Chromium` 的[`开源`](https://github.com/brave/brave-browser)浏览器，号称能更好的保护隐私 844 | - `Bitwarden`：[`开源`](https://github.com/bitwarden/clients) 密码管理器 845 | - `Maccy`：[`开源`](https://github.com/p0deje/Maccy)剪切板管理工具 846 | - [`FlyKey`](https://www.better365.cn/FlyKey.html) - 应用快捷键展示（免费） 847 | - `Parallels Desktop` - 虚拟机 848 | - `AlDente` - 电源管理，让电池更耐用（基础免费） 849 | - [warp](https://github.com/warpdotdev/Warp) - 号称下一代终端神器（免费） 850 | - `Bartender` - 菜单栏图标管理 851 | 852 | 还有很多优秀软件没有推荐，后续单开一个专门介绍。 853 | 854 | 855 | ## 开发环境 856 | 857 | ### Java 858 | #### JDK 859 | - `JVM`：`Java Virtual Machine` 860 | - `JRE`：`Java Runtime Environment` 861 | - `JDK`：`Java SE Development Kit` 862 | - `SDK`：`Software Development Kit` 863 | 864 | ``` 865 | ┌─ ┌──────────────────────────────────┐ 866 | │ │ Compiler, debugger, etc. │ 867 | │ └──────────────────────────────────┘ 868 | JDK ┌─ ┌──────────────────────────────────┐ 869 | │ │ │ │ 870 | │ JRE │ JVM + Runtime Library │ 871 | │ │ │ │ 872 | └─ └─ └──────────────────────────────────┘ 873 | ┌───────┐┌───────┐┌───────┐┌───────┐ 874 | │Windows││ Linux ││ macOS ││others │ 875 | └───────┘└───────┘└───────┘└───────┘ 876 | 877 | 图源自：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1252599548343744/1255876875896416 878 | ``` 879 | 880 | ##### OracleJDK 881 | > 仅 JDK 17 及以上版本才支持 Apple Silicon。 882 | > 883 | > JDK 8 需登录 Oracle 账户才能下载，且没有 ARM 版本。（虽然 x64 版本也可以安装使用，但不清楚是否存在问题） 884 | > 885 | > 不是很推荐使用 OracleJDK，因为其协议已改为 [OTN](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/jdk-faqs.html) 886 | 887 | 下载地址: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads 888 | 889 | 根据 CPU 选择包： 890 | - **Intel**: `x64 DMG Installer` 891 | - **Apple Silicon**: `Arm 64 DMG Installer` 892 | 893 | 下载安装，然后验证： 894 | ```shell 895 | ➜ ~ java -version 896 | java version "1.8.0_311" 897 | Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_311-b11) 898 | Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.311-b11, mixed mode) 899 | ``` 900 | 901 | 配置 `JAVA_HOME` 环境变量： 902 | ```shell 903 | export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_311.jdk/Contents/Home 904 | ``` 905 | 906 | ##### OpenJDK 907 | OpenJDK 是 Sun 在 2006 年开源的 Java SE 免费开源版本，采用 `GPLv2+CE` 许可协议。该项目由 Oracle 主导，IBM、红帽、微软等均有参与。 908 | 909 | 官网: https://openjdk.org 910 | 911 | - Homebrew 安装 912 | ```shell 913 | // 搜索 914 | brew search openjdk 915 | 916 | // 安装 917 | // 苹果芯片不一定支持老版本，失败则可考虑安装 Zulu 版本 918 | brew install openjdk@8 919 | 920 | // 配置 921 | sudo ln -sfn /opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@8/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-8.jdk 922 | ``` 923 | 924 | - Zulu 安装 925 | 926 | 下载对应版本: https://www.azul.com/downloads/?version=java-8-lts&os=macos&architecture=arm-64-bit&package=jdk 927 | 928 | 对应的安装教程: https://docs.azul.com/core/zulu-openjdk/install/macos 929 | 930 | ```shell 931 | ➜ java -version 932 | openjdk version "1.8.0_342" 933 | OpenJDK Runtime Environment (Zulu 8.64.0.15-CA-macos-aarch64) (build 1.8.0_342-b07) 934 | OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (Zulu 8.64.0.15-CA-macos-aarch64) (build 25.342-b07, mixed mode) 935 | ``` 936 | 937 | 对应的 `JAVA_HOME` 在 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-8.jdk/Contents/Home` 938 | 939 | 940 | ##### SDKMAN 941 | 一个专门安装、管理 SKD 的跨平台 Shell 脚本软件，支持几乎所有厂商的 JDK 及常用 SDK。 942 | 943 | 官网及教程: https://sdkman.io 944 | 945 | 以 JDK 为例，其他 SDK 类似。 946 | 947 | - 安装 SDKMAN 948 | 949 | ```shell 950 | curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash 951 | source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh" 952 | ``` 953 | 954 | 安装目录 `$HOME/.sdkman` 955 | 956 | - 查看支持的 JDK 版本列表 957 | 958 | ```shell 959 | 960 | ================================================================================ 961 | Available Java Versions for macOS ARM 64bit 962 | ================================================================================ 963 | Vendor | Use | Version | Dist | Status | Identifier 964 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 965 | Java.net | | 20.ea.9 | open | | 20.ea.9-open 966 | | | 20.ea.8 | open | | 20.ea.8-open 967 | | | 19.ea.34 | open | | 19.ea.34-open 968 | | | 19.ea.33 | open | | 19.ea.33-open 969 | | | 18.0.2 | open | | 18.0.2-open 970 | | | 18.0.1.1 | open | | 18.0.1.1-open 971 | Microsoft | | 17.0.4 | ms | | 17.0.4-ms 972 | | | 17.0.3 | ms | | 17.0.3-ms 973 | | | 11.0.16 | ms | | 11.0.16-ms 974 | | | 11.0.15 | ms | | 11.0.15-ms 975 | Oracle | | 18.0.2 | oracle | | 18.0.2-oracle 976 | | | 18.0.1 | oracle | | 18.0.1-oracle 977 | | | 17.0.4 | oracle | | 17.0.4-oracle 978 | | | 17.0.3 | oracle | | 17.0.3-oracle 979 | ``` 980 | 981 | 982 | - 安装 JDK 983 | 984 | ```shell 985 | // OracleJDK 986 | sdk install java x.y.z-oracle 987 | 988 | // OpenJDK 989 | sdk install java x.y.z-open 990 | ``` 991 | 992 | - 查看切换默认 JDK 版本 993 | 994 | ```shell 995 | // 查看当前版本 996 | sdk current java 997 | 998 | // 切换默认版本 999 | sdk default java x.y.z-open 1000 | ``` 1001 | 1002 | ##### IDEA 1003 | `IntelliJ IDEA` 提供了 JDK 管理功能，可添加已存在的 JDK，也可代为下载安装所需 JDK。 1004 | 1005 | 操作步骤：`MenuBar` → `File` → `Project Structure...`(`⌘ + ;`) → `SDKs` → `+` → `Download JDK` 1006 | 1007 | ![idea-jdk-download](assets/idea-jdk-download.jpg) 1008 | 1009 | 1010 | 1011 | ##### JAVA_HOME 1012 | 查看已安装版本的 `JAVA_HOME`： 1013 | ```shell 1014 | /usr/libexec/java_home 1015 | 1016 | /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-8.jdk/Contents/Home 1017 | /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-11.jdk/Contents/Home 1018 | ``` 1019 | 1020 | 查看指定版本的 `JAVA_HOME`： 1021 | ```shell 1022 | /usr/libexec/java_home -v8 1023 | 1024 | /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/zulu-8.jdk/Contents/Home 1025 | ``` 1026 | 1027 | 单个版本配置（`~/.zshrc`）： 1028 | ```shell 1029 | export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v8) 1030 | ``` 1031 | 1032 | 多版本配置： 1033 | ```shell 1034 | # Java Home 1035 | export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v11) 1036 | export JAVA_8_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v8) 1037 | export JAVA_11_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v11) 1038 | 1039 | alias java8='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_8_HOME' 1040 | alias java11='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_11_HOME' 1041 | 1042 | # 默认为 Java 8 1043 | java8 1044 | ``` 1045 | 1046 | 1047 | #### Maven 1048 | - 安装 1049 | 1050 | ```shell 1051 | brew install maven 1052 | ``` 1053 | 1054 | > 如果只使用 `IDEA`，可无需安装，直接使用 IDE 内置的 Maven 即可。 1055 | 1056 | - 国内镜像配置 1057 | 1058 | 以 [阿里云 Maven](https://developer.aliyun.com/mvn/guide) 为例。打开或创建配置文件：`$HOME/.m2/settings.xml`，并修改： 1059 | 1060 | ```xml 1061 | 1062 | 1065 | 1066 | 1067 | 1068 | aliyunmaven 1069 | * 1070 | 阿里云公共仓库 1071 | https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public 1072 | 1073 | 1074 | 1075 | ``` 1076 | 1077 | 1078 | ### PHP 1079 | #### 安装 1080 | 1081 | - 第三方源 1082 | > 由于官方维护的 PHP 版本都是最新的几个，对于比较老的版本，无法直接安装，如果需要可 Tap 第三方源 1083 | 1084 | 强烈推荐: [shivammathur/php](https://github.com/shivammathur/homebrew-php) 1085 | 1086 | > 添加 Tap 1087 | ```shell 1088 | brew tap shivammathur/php 1089 | ``` 1090 | 1091 | - 安装 PHP 1092 | 1093 | > 此处示例安装 `PHP 7.4` 1094 | ```shell 1095 | brew install php@7.4 1096 | ``` 1097 | 1098 | > 将此版本替换为命令行默认版本 1099 | ```shell 1100 | brew link --overwrite --force php@7.4 1101 | ``` 1102 | 1103 | > 添加到 PATH 1104 | ```shell 1105 | echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/php@7.4/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc 1106 | echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/php@7.4/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc 1107 | ``` 1108 | 1109 | - 配置 1110 | 1111 | > 打开配置文件修改默认时区 1112 | ```ini 1113 | date.timezone = PRC 1114 | ``` 1115 | 1116 | 1117 | #### Composer 1118 | - 安装 1119 | 1120 | 通过 brew 安装： 1121 | ```shell 1122 | brew install composer 1123 | ``` 1124 | 1125 | 或者手动安装： 1126 | ```shell 1127 | curl -o composer https://getcomposer.org/download/latest-stable/composer.phar 1128 | chmod +x composer 1129 | [ ! -d "/usr/local/bin" ] && sudo mkdir /usr/local/bin 1130 | sudo mv composer /usr/local/bin 1131 | ``` 1132 | 1133 | - 降级 1134 | 1135 | 如果一些老项目不支持 Composer V2，那么需要回退到 V1 版本 1136 | ```shell 1137 | composer self-update --1 1138 | ``` 1139 | 1140 | - 镜像 1141 | ```shell 1142 | // 设置镜像 1143 | composer config -g repo.packagist composer [mirrors-url] 1144 | 1145 | // 取消镜像 1146 | composer config -g --unset repos.packagist 1147 | ``` 1148 | 1149 | ``` 1150 | // 阿里云 1151 | 官网: https://developer.aliyun.com/composer 1152 | 镜像: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/ 1153 | 1154 | // 腾讯云 1155 | // 出现过composer.lock文件中dist.reference与dist.url下载不一致的情况 1156 | // 即reference是最新commit，但镜像url下载的包却不非最新 1157 | 官网: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/help/composer.html 1158 | 镜像: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/composer/ 1159 | ``` 1160 | 1161 | 其他镜像不是很稳定、或不是很全（一些下载量小的会 `404`），如有问题，轮换着试试。 1162 | 1163 | 1164 | ### Go 1165 | #### 安装 1166 | 安装最新版本 1167 | ```shell 1168 | brew install go 1169 | ``` 1170 | 1171 | 或者指定版本 1172 | ```shell 1173 | brew install go@1.13 1174 | ``` 1175 | 1176 | 非最新版本，需要建立个链接，这样才能用到 Go 命令 1177 | ```shell 1178 | brew link --overwrite --force go@1.13 1179 | ``` 1180 | 1181 | 1182 | #### 配置 1183 | - 环境变量 1184 | 1185 | ```shell 1186 | export GO111MODULE=on 1187 | export GOPATH=/Users/jioby/gowork 1188 | export PATH="$GOPATH/bin:$PATH" 1189 | export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,https://goproxy.io,direct 1190 | export GOPRIVATE=*.your-private-git.com 1191 | ``` 1192 | 1193 | - 私有仓库 1194 | 1195 | 终端运行命令 `git config --global -e`，添加如下类似配置并保持： 1196 | ```shell 1197 | [url "ssh://git@git.example.com:8182/"] 1198 | insteadOf = https://git.example.com/ 1199 | ``` 1200 | 1201 | 1202 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------