├── .github ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE │ ├── bug_report.md │ ├── feature_request.md │ └── translate-article.md └── workflows │ ├── build_pr.yml │ └── deploy.yml ├── .gitignore ├── CNAME ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── mkdocs.yml ├── pages ├── CNAME ├── about │ ├── contributors.en.md │ ├── faq.en.md │ ├── resource-sites.en.md │ └── support.en.md ├── explore-skynet │ ├── homescreen.en.md │ ├── mysky.en.md │ ├── popular-apps.en.md │ ├── sky-os.en.md │ └── you-need-skynet.en.md ├── guides │ ├── seed-management.en.md │ ├── sia │ │ ├── hosting │ │ │ ├── host-manager-remote-connection.en.md │ │ │ ├── introduction.en.md │ │ │ └── useful-tools.en.md │ │ ├── linux-hosting.en.md │ │ ├── renting.en.md │ │ └── renting │ │ │ ├── introduction.en.md │ │ │ └── useful-tools.en.md │ └── skynet │ │ ├── packaging-with-rift.en.md │ │ ├── sending-files.en.md │ │ └── using-the-sdk.md ├── index.md ├── sia │ ├── foundation.en.md │ ├── history.en.md │ └── tools.en.md ├── siacoin │ ├── explorers.en.md │ ├── mining-guide.en.md │ ├── tokenomics.en.md │ ├── trading.en.md │ └── wallet.en.md ├── static │ └── assets │ │ ├── FAQ │ │ ├── image-1.png │ │ └── image-2.png │ │ ├── discover │ │ └── siastats.png │ │ ├── favicon.png │ │ ├── hosting │ │ ├── host-manager-remote-connection │ │ │ ├── download-host-manager.png │ │ │ ├── github-download.png │ │ │ ├── host-manager-complete.png │ │ │ ├── host-manager-daemon-settings.png │ │ │ ├── host-manager-data-path.png │ │ │ ├── host-manager-link-ui.png │ │ │ └── host-manager-start.png │ │ └── hosting-with-siad │ │ │ └── sia-tech-website.png │ │ ├── mysky │ │ ├── homescreen-add-sky-os.png │ │ ├── homescreen-first-screen.png │ │ ├── homescreen-options.png │ │ ├── homescreen-search.png │ │ ├── homescreen-sky-os.png │ │ ├── mysky-auth-1.png │ │ ├── mysky-auth-2.png │ │ ├── mysky-auth-3.png │ │ ├── sky-os-add-myskyos.png │ │ ├── sky-os-add-widget-and-save.png │ │ ├── sky-os-dock-editor.png │ │ ├── sky-os-edit-profile.png │ │ ├── sky-os-myskyos-weather.png │ │ ├── sky-os-profile-saved.png │ │ └── sky-os-themes.png │ │ ├── packaging-with-rift │ │ ├── 1.png │ │ ├── 2.png │ │ ├── 3.png │ │ ├── 4.png │ │ ├── 5.png │ │ ├── 6.png │ │ └── 7.png │ │ ├── renting-on-sia │ │ ├── image-10.png │ │ ├── image-11.5.png │ │ ├── image-11.png │ │ ├── image-12.png │ │ ├── image-13.png │ │ ├── image-14.png │ │ ├── image-15.png │ │ ├── image-16.png │ │ ├── image-17.png │ │ ├── image-18.png │ │ ├── image-19.png │ │ ├── image-20.png │ │ ├── image-21.png │ │ ├── image-22.png │ │ ├── image-23.png │ │ ├── image-24.png │ │ ├── image-25.png │ │ ├── image-26.png │ │ ├── image-27.png │ │ ├── image-28.png │ │ ├── image-29.png │ │ ├── image-30.png │ │ ├── image-31.png │ │ ├── image-32.png │ │ ├── image-33.png │ │ ├── image-37.png │ │ ├── image-4.png │ │ ├── image-5.png │ │ ├── image-6.png │ │ ├── image-7.png │ │ ├── image-8.png │ │ └── image-9.png │ │ ├── sending-files-over-skynet │ │ ├── image-2.jpg │ │ ├── image-3.jpg │ │ └── image-4.jpg │ │ ├── sia │ │ ├── Sia_Logo.png │ │ ├── Sia_Logo.svg │ │ ├── Sia_Wordmark.png │ │ ├── Sia_Wordmark.svg │ │ ├── built-with-Sia-color.png │ │ ├── built-with-Sia-color.svg │ │ ├── built-with-Sia-mono.png │ │ └── built-with-Sia-mono.svg │ │ ├── skapps │ │ ├── skapps-inception.png │ │ ├── skapps-rift-files.png │ │ ├── skapps-rift-home.png │ │ ├── skapps-sky-calendar.png │ │ ├── skapps-skyblog-1.png │ │ ├── skapps-skyblog-2.png │ │ ├── skapps-skyblog-3.png │ │ ├── skapps-skychess.png │ │ ├── skapps-skygallery-welcome.png │ │ ├── skapps-skygallery.png │ │ ├── skapps-skysend.png │ │ └── skapps-skytransfer.png │ │ └── skynet │ │ ├── Skynet Logo.png │ │ ├── Skynet Logo.svg │ │ ├── Skynet Wordmark.png │ │ └── Skynet Wordmark.svg └── tech │ ├── introduction.en.md │ ├── network-metrics.en.md │ ├── portals.en.md │ ├── registry.en.md │ ├── sia-layer-one.en.md │ ├── skynet-layer-two.en.md │ └── storage-chains-compared.en.md └── requirements.txt /.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | name: Bug report 3 | about: Create a report to help us improve 4 | title: '' 5 | labels: bug 6 | assignees: '' 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | **Describe the bug** 11 | A clear and concise description of what the bug is. 12 | 13 | **To Reproduce** 14 | Steps to reproduce the behavior: 15 | 1. Go to '...' 16 | 2. Click on '....' 17 | 3. Scroll down to '....' 18 | 4. See error 19 | 20 | **Expected behavior** 21 | A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. 22 | 23 | **Screenshots** 24 | If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem. 25 | 26 | **Desktop (please complete the following information):** 27 | - OS: [e.g. iOS] 28 | - Browser [e.g. chrome, safari] 29 | - Version [e.g. 22] 30 | 31 | **Smartphone (please complete the following information):** 32 | - Device: [e.g. iPhone6] 33 | - OS: [e.g. iOS8.1] 34 | - Browser [e.g. stock browser, safari] 35 | - Version [e.g. 22] 36 | 37 | **Additional context** 38 | Add any other context about the problem here. 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | name: Feature request 3 | about: Suggest an idea for this project 4 | title: '' 5 | labels: enhancement 6 | assignees: '' 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | **Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.** 11 | A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...] 12 | 13 | **Describe the solution you'd like** 14 | A clear and concise description of what you want to happen. 15 | 16 | **Describe alternatives you've considered** 17 | A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered. 18 | 19 | **Additional context** 20 | Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/translate-article.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | name: Translate article 3 | about: Request a translation 4 | title: '' 5 | labels: translation 6 | assignees: '' 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | Which article should be translated and into which language? 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/build_pr.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: Build mkdocs and upload to skynet on PR 2 | on: pull_request 3 | 4 | jobs: 5 | deploy: 6 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 7 | steps: 8 | - uses: actions/checkout@v2 9 | - name: Setup Python 10 | uses: actions/setup-python@v1 11 | with: 12 | python-version: '3.7' 13 | architecture: 'x64' 14 | - name: Install dependencies 15 | run: | 16 | python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip # install pip 17 | python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt # install requirements 18 | - name: Build site 19 | run: mkdocs build 20 | - name: Deploy to Skynet 21 | uses: kwypchlo/deploy-to-skynet-action@main 22 | with: 23 | upload-dir: site 24 | github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/deploy.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: Build and deploy mkdocs to skynet and github pages 2 | on: 3 | push: 4 | branches: [main] 5 | 6 | jobs: 7 | deploy: 8 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 9 | steps: 10 | - uses: actions/checkout@v2 11 | with: 12 | token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 13 | - name: Setup Python 14 | uses: actions/setup-python@v1 15 | with: 16 | python-version: '3.7' 17 | architecture: 'x64' 18 | - name: Install dependencies 19 | run: | 20 | python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip # install pip 21 | python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt # install requirements 22 | - name: Build site 23 | run: mkdocs build 24 | - name: Deploy to Skynet 25 | uses: SkynetLabs/deploy-to-skynet-action@v2.0.2 26 | with: 27 | upload-dir: site 28 | not-found-page: /404.html 29 | github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 30 | registry-seed: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && secrets.REGISTRY_SEED || '' }} 31 | registry-datakey: covalentisanextremelygoodwebdev 32 | - name: Deploy to github pages 33 | uses: mhausenblas/mkdocs-deploy-gh-pages@master 34 | env: 35 | GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | site/ 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CNAME: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | skynet.guide -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Welcome to Skynet Guide! 2 | [**Skynet Guide**](https://skynet.guide/) is a community maintained knowledge base to help you on your journey through the decentralized world of [**Sia**](https://sia.tech/) and [**Skynet**](https://siasky.net/). 3 | 4 | Join our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/ZUnW6SbfjZ). 5 | 6 | # Build 7 | 8 | 1. Install requirements with 9 | ``` 10 | pip install -r requirements.txt 11 | ``` 12 | 2. Build docs with 13 | ``` 14 | mkdocs build 15 | ``` 16 | 17 | # Special Thanks 18 | To [the team behind mkdocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/about/release-notes/#maintenance-team) for creating [mkdocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/), [squidfunk](https://github.com/squidfunk) for creating [mkdocs-material](https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material) and [ultrabug](https://github.com/ultrabug) for [mkdocs-static-i18n](https://github.com/ultrabug/mkdocs-static-i18n). 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /mkdocs.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | site_name: Skynet Guide 2 | site_description: Community driven documentation of Sia & Skynet. 3 | site_author: Skynet Guide Contributors 4 | 5 | repo_url: https://github.com/skynet-guide/docs 6 | edit_uri: edit/main/pages/ 7 | 8 | docs_dir: pages 9 | use_directory_urls: false 10 | 11 | nav: 12 | - 'Home': 'index.md' 13 | - 'Technology': 14 | - 'Introduction': 'tech/introduction.en.md' 15 | - 'Sia - Decentralized Storage': 'tech/sia-layer-one.en.md' 16 | - 'Skynet - Decentralized Internet': 'tech/skynet-layer-two.en.md' 17 | - 'More about Sia': 18 | - 'History': 'sia/history.en.md' 19 | - 'Sia Foundation': 'sia/foundation.en.md' 20 | - 'Tokenomics': 'siacoin/tokenomics.en.md' 21 | - 'Wallets': 'siacoin/wallet.en.md' 22 | - 'Trading': 'siacoin/trading.en.md' 23 | - 'Seed Management': 'guides/seed-management.en.md' 24 | - 'Blockchain Explorers': 'siacoin/explorers.en.md' 25 | - 'Network Metrics': 'tech/network-metrics.en.md' 26 | - 'Mining': 'siacoin/mining-guide.en.md' 27 | - 'Storage Chains Compared': 'tech/storage-chains-compared.en.md' 28 | - 'Tools': 'sia/tools.en.md' 29 | - 'More about Skynet': 30 | - 'The Registry': 'tech/registry.en.md' 31 | - 'Skynet Portals': 'tech/portals.en.md' 32 | - 'Get paid for storage': 33 | - 'Introduction to Hosting': 'guides/sia/hosting/introduction.en.md' 34 | - 'Useful Hosting Tools': 'guides/sia/hosting/useful-tools.en.md' 35 | - 'Hosting Guides': 36 | - 'Linux Hosting': 'guides/sia/linux-hosting.en.md' 37 | - 'Official Guide -> sia.tech': 'https://support.sia.tech/hosting/how-to-host-on-sia' 38 | - 'Host Manager: Remote Connection': 'guides/sia/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection.en.md' 39 | - 'Using secure storage': 40 | - 'Introduction to Renting': 'guides/sia/renting/introduction.en.md' 41 | - 'Useful Renting Tools': 'guides/sia/renting/useful-tools.en.md' 42 | - 'Renting Guides': 43 | - 'Renting': 'guides/sia/renting.en.md' 44 | - 'Official Guide -> sia.tech': 'https://support.sia.tech/renting/how-to-rent-storage-on-sia' 45 | - 'Guides for Developers': 46 | - 'Packaging with Rift': 'guides/skynet/packaging-with-rift.en.md' 47 | - 'Using the SDK': 'guides/skynet/using-the-sdk.md' 48 | - 'Explore Skynet': 49 | - '1. MySky - Decentralized Identity': 'explore-skynet/mysky.en.md' 50 | - '2. Homescreen - Own your apps': 'explore-skynet/homescreen.en.md' 51 | - '3. SkyOS - System in a browser': 'explore-skynet/sky-os.en.md' 52 | - '4. Skynet Apps - Get some!': 'explore-skynet/popular-apps.en.md' 53 | - 'More': 54 | - 'Why do I need Skynet?': 'explore-skynet/you-need-skynet.en.md' 55 | - 'Sending Files': 'guides/skynet/sending-files.en.md' 56 | - 'About': 57 | - 'FAQ': 'about/faq.en.md' 58 | - 'Contributors': 'about/contributors.en.md' 59 | - 'Resource Sites': 'about/resource-sites.en.md' 60 | - 'Support': 'about/support.en.md' 61 | 62 | theme: 63 | name: material 64 | favicon: static/assets/favicon.png 65 | logo: static/assets/favicon.png 66 | palette: 67 | # Light mode 68 | - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)" 69 | scheme: default 70 | primary: green 71 | toggle: 72 | icon: material/toggle-switch-off-outline 73 | name: Switch to dark mode 74 | 75 | # Dark mode 76 | - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" 77 | scheme: slate 78 | primary: green 79 | toggle: 80 | icon: material/toggle-switch 81 | name: Switch to light mode 82 | 83 | plugins: 84 | - search 85 | - i18n: 86 | default_language: en 87 | languages: 88 | en: English 89 | 90 | markdown_extensions: 91 | - toc: 92 | permalink: "#" 93 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/CNAME: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | skynet.guide 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/about/contributors.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Contributors 2 | Sky Guide (previously SkynetWiki) began in January 2021 as a quickly built knowledge base to help people to find everything they want to know about Sia and Skynet. Initially created by **Danger** and **MrFlux** using Wordpress, it was quickly joined by others and filled with many helpful resources. 3 | 4 | During March and April 2021, **Covalent** and **Delivator** worked relentlessly on bringing Sky Guide to a next level - to turn it into truly community managed site, let others easily contribute through GitHub, support translations and most importantly, making automated deploys to the Skynet. 5 | 6 | In October 2021, Skynet Guide went through another major rework, bringing better structured hierarchy so users can quickly get to information based on their interests. 7 | 8 | If you want to join us and write about something others will be interested in, or translate existing article, just start working on it and join our Discord. 9 | 10 | All of the content is available for free and can be used and re-used as you wish. 11 | 12 | Below you can find list of contributors in alphabetical order. 13 | 14 | ## Core Team 15 | * Covalent 16 | * Danger 17 | * Delivator | SkyGallery 18 | * MrFlux | SiaGear.tech 19 | 20 | ## Contributors 21 | * Fornax | Pixeldrain, SiaWiki 22 | * hakkane | SiaStats, Decentralizer 23 | * MLN284 24 | * Napster 25 | * Nate | Sia Foundation (Developer), Sia Central, Sia Host Manager 26 | * redsolver | SkyOS, Vup, SkyFeed 27 | * gumil89 | Spanish Translator 28 | * figurestudios 29 | 30 | > Do you have some idea? Nice guide, informative article, anything that you feel is missing here? Get in touch with us on Skynet Guide's Discord. 31 | 32 | --- 33 | *Last Edit: October 26, 2021* 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/about/resource-sites.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Resources & Sites 2 | ## Social Media 3 | ### Discord | Sia Foundation 4 | New discord server with Sia core tech-oriented channels. best place to come if you are interested in the layer 1 (decentralized storage) or need any assistance with your host, renter, or a wallet. 5 | 6 | ### Discord | Skynet Labs 7 | Place where the majority of the community is active since it is the original Sia discord server. It's now focused primarily on Skynet, Sia's layer 2 (decentralized internet) and the development of apps working with Skynet. 8 | 9 | ### Reddit | r/siacoin 10 | While most of the discussions moved to the discord, many users are still coming to reddit for its easy-to-follow feed format. 11 | 12 | ### Twitter | SkynetLabs 13 | Check out for latest news from the Skynet Labs, the development team that created Sia and Skynet led by David Vorick. 14 | 15 | ### Twitter | Sia__Foundation 16 | Check out for latest news from Sia Foundation, non-profit organization maintaining and improving the Sia core technology led by Luke Champine, co-founder of company that made Sia. 17 | 18 | ## Official Sia Sites 19 | 20 | ### Official Site | Skynet 21 | The official Skynet Labs portal is housed here. 22 | 23 | ### Official Site | Sia 24 | Official site of Sia. If you want to download it, you can go directly there. 25 | 26 | ### Official blog | Sia Blog 27 | Official blog full of technical articles and guides. The must-have resource for any developer and decentralized cloud storage enthusiast. 28 | 29 | --- 30 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Figurestudios, Last Edit: April 19, 2022* 31 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/about/support.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Contact Support 2 | If you have any issue or question related to Sia, **check out our detailed [FAQ]() first**. You can also use the search feature and try to find relevant article or FAQ answer by providing some keywords, error, etc. 3 | 4 | Trying to look for answers here first will not only help you to get the answer instantly in most of the cases but also save the time needed to contact the support and describe your issue. 5 | 6 | > Vast majority of questions and issues you can come up with is already covered in the FAQ with all the details. We are in contact with the Sia Support and monitoring Sia discord. Unanswered questions are continuously added here and updated. 7 | 8 | You can also check out official Sia Support Site that was completely redesigned in January 2021 and provides excellent guides including images. 9 | 10 | **If you don’t find your answer here, feel free to contact the Sia Support at hello@sia.tech**. In the case you are hosting or renting and need urgent help, visit Sia Foundation’s official discord server and post in the #renting or #hosting channel depending on your issue. For more generic questions use #help. 11 | 12 | > Many questions were already answered even on discord. If you are in a hurry, try to use its #faq channel search feature to look up relevant answers and discussions in the channels. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/explore-skynet/homescreen.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Homescreen - Take control of your apps 2 | 3 | Both centralized apps and DeFi have one huge weakness - the developers can stop doing things that are in best interest of own users. Most often companies make such decisions for profit. In many cases they even intentionally cripple their apps in order to offer products fixing that issue they created and sometimes they just do it because they are asked by authorities. 4 | 5 | Many platforms started with great and honorable goals, wanted to change the word. But when they became popular, they transformed into the opposite with only goal being profit. The centralized internet is nearly completely profit driven. And users just follow because they don't have other options... or at least they don't know that there are options on the horizon. 6 | 7 | This problem was addressed by Skynet Labs with their **Homescreen** app. It won't help you with centralized apps (decentralized alternatives need to be made) but If you ever used some DeFi app where developer changed it over night so it was useless to you, with Homescreen it won't happen again. 8 | 9 | > Good example is when Uniswap delisted large number of assets. Everything was still in blockchain but users were accessing it through interface that was changed and refused to show those assets. It is as if you were using a calculator with numbers 0-9 and suddenly all numbers would be removed. The calculator would still have the ability to work with the numbers, but you would have no way to input them. 10 | 11 | ## What is Homescreen? 12 | 13 | **Homescreen is application that allows users to fully decentralize their web3 frontends.** You just enter a link or name of app and it gets copied to your own personal space using your MySky decentralized identity. Whenever you then open that app from Homescreen, your own copy will load. And it doesn't matter if the developer changed the app meanwhile. 14 | 15 | - it allows you to make copy of decentralized app and be sure that you are always using the version you trust to 16 | - it automatically manages version control so you can upgrade/downgrade by selecting any of the versions you had previously installed 17 | - everything works out of the box, nothing special is needed, just your MySky identity 18 | - other applications can directly load the versions of the apps you have in Homescreen if you let them; this is very useful for apps like SkyOS that works ad kind of an operating system in your browser where you can be always sure the apps are loading from your own space and Homescreen becomes kind of an app installer for you 19 | 20 | # Setting up Homescreen 21 | 22 | 1. Start by opening [homescreen](https://homescreen.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net and authenticate with MySky identity you created in previous guide. 23 | >It should log you in automatically. It is also good to check if you're logged in with your siasky.net account on the portal's page to make sure the data you create are pinned by your account. At the time of writing (October 27, 2021) it is known the devs are working on solutions so this all will be absolutely effortless for users and they won't have to worry about it. 24 | 25 | 2. This is what you see when you log in for the first time. A set of few popular apps installed by default. Clicking the app's icon will open the app in a new tab. 26 | 27 | ![Homescreen - First Screen](../static/assets/mysky/homescreen-first-screen.png) 28 | 29 | 3. Clicking the dots will open menu with more options. 30 | 31 | > Keep in mind that when you are using apps from your Homescreen (instead of their hns domain that is under control of the app's developer), your apps will never update unless you do so by using the button `Check for updates` or adding the app again through search bar. 32 | 33 | ![Homescreen - Options](../static/assets/mysky/homescreen-options.png) 34 | 35 | 4. In the search bar on top you can try to search apps by name, their hns/ens domain or skylink. 36 | 37 | ![Homescreen - Search](../static/assets/mysky/homescreen-search.png) 38 | 39 | 5. If you enter `sky-os` in the search bar end confirm it, dialog will appear. Click `Add to Homescreen`. 40 | 41 | ![Homescreen - Add SkyOS](../static/assets/mysky/homescreen-add-sky-os.png) 42 | 43 | 6. After few moments, the newly added app is visible in your list and you can launch it from there. You can even bookmark it since it will lead directly to the same address. 44 | 45 | ![Homescreen - SkyOS](../static/assets/mysky/homescreen-sky-os.png) 46 | 47 | If you wish, you can read more details in the [official blog](https://blog.sia.tech/announcing-homescreen-decentralized-frontends-for-web3-113a3564530d) post. 48 | 49 | ## What's next? 50 | 51 | By now, you have everything set to start fully enjoying Skynet. You can start by checking out some of the default apps in your Homescreen or continue to the next article where we take a deeper look at other popular apps and what's in development. 52 | 53 | --- 54 | *Written by: Danger, Last Edit: October 27, 2021* 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/explore-skynet/mysky.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # MySky - Your decentralized identity 2 | 3 | On the traditional internet, you have to remember hundreds if not thousands of credentials. No surprise people often use the same one or mix just few passwords. Every services forces you to make one and best the centralized internet came with was stuff like "Log in with Google" where one company has too much power. On this internet, you don't own anything. If you want to move to other service, you need to start over. There is nothing you can take with you and in many cases it's years of content and data you dedicated your time to. 4 | 5 | Skynet fixes this and one of key technologies that helps to achieve this goal is MySky. I will quote devs here: 6 | 7 | >MySky is a decentralized identity protocol that gives users their own empire of data within Skynet. Everything that happens inside of that empire is under control of the user but can also be visited by anyone else and shared around freely. MySky provides a standard for declaring data in a way that makes it easy for anyone in the world to discover the data. At the same time, it provides standards for protecting that data, encusring only data which is meant to be found is discoverable by others. For example, the profile information of a user like their preferred name and avatar can be placed in a shared folder, and then safely used and updated by all of the user’s applications. This tooling extends to any type of data. 8 | 9 | Any developer can use MySky, it is not limited to decentralized applications, they can use it similarly as they use google's Sign In button, but in this case Google or Skynet devs won't own your identity - it is you who own it and the login is no set of name or password. All you need is a single seed and the rest is handled automatically. For example, when you open some app and give it access, MySky automatically handles a key derived from your seed (so your main seed serving as login is never exposed) and if you accidentally use malicious app, that app won't get anywhere outside of its scope. 10 | 11 | Now imagine situation where credentials of 500 million users leak from Facebook. On Skynet, such leak would affect only single user and most importantly, it would be the user's fault for falling for some kind of phishing scam and giving their seed away. 12 | 13 | If you want to learn more about MySky, about how it technically works and what additional features it has, check out this [article](https://blog.sia.tech/mysky-your-home-on-the-global-operating-system-of-the-future-5a288f89825c) on Sia's blog. 14 | 15 | Purpose of this article is a bit different - to let you make and use one for yourself! So let's begin. 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | ## Starting with MySky 20 | 21 | You can create a seed through any MySky supported app. I personally recommend to start with Homescreen which is a Skapp (Skynet App) that we will use in the next article. 22 | 23 | 1. Open [homescreen](https://homescreen.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net. 24 | 2. Click Authenticate with MySky. 25 | 26 | ![Authenticate with MySky - Step 1](../static/assets/mysky/mysky-auth-1.png) 27 | 28 | 3. I will assume you don't have MySky seed yet, so continue by clicking the `sign up` button. 29 | 30 | ![Authenticate with MySky - Step 2](../static/assets/mysky/mysky-auth-2.png) 31 | 32 | 4. Your 15 word seed will appear (this is different format than Sia which uses 29 words). Make sure to store this seed in a safe place. It is recommended to use some password manager with multiple database backups but you can use any method you feel comfortable with. Keep in mind that if you lose your seed, you lose access to that identity. 33 | 34 | ![Authenticate with MySky - Step 3](../static/assets/mysky/mysky-auth-3.png) 35 | 36 | 5. Check the box and click `Sign Up`. Now you are logged in and can see list of some default decentralized apps so it's not empty. You can click some of them and see how you get logged into them automatically (if not, just click the button). And if you for example setup your profile using this popular profile Skapp (https://skyprofile.hns.siasky.net/) that many Skapps support, your public profile data will load automatically. It's as if you used Facebook for years, then switched for some new app and all your data automatically followed you. 37 | 38 | But before we dig deeper into Homescreen in next article, there is one more thing to keep in mind. 39 | 40 | ## Making sure your data remain available 41 | 42 | This is actually easier than it sounds. No worries, you don't need to run any software, manage any wallet or even own any coins. As you probably already know from other articles around, Skynet is a network of Skynet Portals, a special kind of Sia renter nodes, that do not store any data themselves (all your data are stored directly at the same Sia hosts where they would be if you uploaded them through Sia instead of Skynet). These portals are just access points that let you instantly upload and download data even if you're not running any node yourself. On top of that, they manage stuff like wallet with SC or file repairs so you don't have to. 43 | 44 | Right now (October 2021) there is only one public Skynet Portal and it is operated by Skynet Labs, developer of Skynet. Actually, this site uses a load balancer and so when you are accessing siasky.net, you are connecting to one of many individual Skynet Portals. You can see very interesting stats of these servers at [siasky.tools](https://siasky.tools/). In this guide we will be using siasky.net when mentioning "portal". 45 | 46 | By default, you can use Skynet anonymously at limited speed and for free, but your files will only stay online for 60 days, a default length of storage contracts that Skynet is forming. 47 | 48 | If you want your files to stay permanently, you need to register account with this portal: [siasky.net](https://siasky.net/). This account has only purpose - since the portal is paying for all your uploads/downloads and pinning your files (paying for the storage) to the hosts in Siacoin, they need to know which files are meant to be pinned (to stay online for more than 60 days) and which users requested those files to be pinned. In other words, by registering here you say that you want this specific portal to keep paying for and repairing the data you uploaded because those data are precious for you. 49 | 50 | Good thing is that you can try this completely for free, as siasky.net gives users 100 GB of capacity for free. If you cross this limit, you can still continue uploading/downloading and even the new files will stay available, but you will experience slower upload speed. That's because the storage is not free (every activity costs resources) and users that upgrade their capacity (for more storage and also speeds) are the ones who make this all possible and sustainable - because people need their data to be stored securely, need to make backups and always want to keep adding more over time. 51 | 52 | When you register the account and log into siasky.net, all apps that you will access through this portal (for example **homescreen.hns.siasky.net**) will automatically have your files pinned and they will appear in the dashboard on siasky.net. New users are sometimes confused when they see on the dashboard also names of files they didn't upload/download but that's only because these files were downloaded or uploaded by the app. It could be for example icon, image, video or something else that was displayed on the page. 53 | 54 | > It's also worth mentioning that the upload tool you see when going to siasky.net is not the Skynet itself. It is just uploading tool, a Skynet App, one of many, like the Homescreen above. It is a common misunderstanding that new users think that this tool is the Skynet. Couldn't be wrong more... 55 | 56 | ## What's next? 57 | 58 | As mentioned, right now siasky.net is what we are using. There are other public portals operated by enthusiasts but we are not mentioning them because they did it for the community in the past and over time ran out of resources. If you want, you can run one for yourself and family/friends if you want, but expect something like $20/month just for the contract forming. That said, it's probably worth it if you want absolute freedom/self-control and plan to store at least few TB of data. For majority of users, public portals like siasky.net will be the way to go because of the convenient use. In the future, we can expect more for-profit portals appearing with various business models. Since it is open-source, nothing stops someone from running new public portal that servers ads to the users and lets them use it completely for free. Or closed community making portal with whitelisted IPs just for their members paying some membership fee. Options are many. 59 | 60 | And now that we know what siasky.net account is for and have our MySky identity ready, we can continue to the next part, Homescreen. 61 | 62 | --- 63 | *Written by: Danger, Last Edit: October 27, 2021* 64 | 65 | 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/explore-skynet/popular-apps.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Popular Skynet Apps 2 | 3 | > Only apps supporting MySky are mentioned below. If you are looking for more apps, check out [AppSky](https://appsky.hns.siasky.net). 4 | 5 | As you already know about how to use MySky, make sure your files are pinned and can make and run own copies and versions of apps you like with Homescreen, the only thing left is the most important one - what apps can you actually use? Let's look at some quickly in this overview and if you want to learn more, we plan to add dedicated guides focused on single apps and use cases over time. So let's begin... 6 | 7 | Quick Links: 8 | 9 | - [Rift](#rift) - complete workspace (documents, file sharing, social feeds, search engine, video streaming) 10 | - [SkyProfile](#skyprofile) - profile management 11 | - [SkyTransfer](#skytransfer) - file sharing 12 | - [SkySend](#skysend) - file sharing 13 | - [Inception Browser](#inception-browser) - browser in a browser in a browser... 14 | - [Sky Gallery](#sky-gallery) - photo collections 15 | - [SkyBlog](#skyblog) - blogging app 16 | - [Sky Calendar](#sky-calendar) - calendar 17 | - [SkyChess](#skychess) - chess (multiplayer) 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 |   22 | 23 | ## Rift 24 | ### Your decentralized Workspace 25 | 26 | ![Skapps - Rift - Home](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-rift-home.png) 27 | 28 | > [RiftApp](https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net > [**Add to Homescreen**](https://homescreen.hns.siasky.net/#/skylink/EAAyLXjjcF4BdXVfsnHblPgpBPHSa5HDA3X57Fb3asfrrg) 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | This is one of the most powerful Skynet apps today. Developed by `parox`, it lets you: 33 | - make posts and follow other users - `Home` 34 | - search for users, skylinks and topics of your interest (including Reddit subs) and make the new posts appear in your feed 35 | - configure your own algorithm/keywords so you won't miss stuff you really want to know about 36 | - manage your documents including rich formatting options - `Docs` 37 | - upload and share files - `Uploads` 38 | - explore and manage your Hidden and Discoverable data on Skynet - `Data` 39 | - manage resolver skylinks - `Dns` 40 | - and there are always new feature the developer keeps working on (so this article can become outdated pretty fast) 41 | 42 | **But most importantly, it has section you will absolutely love - `Files`.** 43 | 44 | ![Skapps - Rift - Files](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-rift-files.png) 45 | 46 | Files are utilizing latest addition (October 27, 2021) to cool set of tools you can work with on Skynet, `FS DAC` (File System DAC) developed by `redsolver`. It allows you to manage your own library, a collection of data that together with everything else (the app itself) exist purely on Skynet. You can upload Photos, Videos, Music, Apps, anything you want and use it privately (though sharing is on the way). 47 | 48 | First thing you will notice are `home` and `riftapp.hns` folders. While the second is accessible only through Rift itself, the `home` folder can be accessed by any app you give access. This opens room for using different apps for different things. Right now, we don't have app for everything, but some are in the development by Skynet community and others will be made over time. You can have this one big library that belongs to you and then use some app as a music player that is accessing `home / music / dubstep` for example, or you can have another app running in browser on TV or your child's tablet that is accessing `home / movies / kids`. While we are not far from being able to do that (and as soon as it's possible, you will surely find a dedicated guide in our guide section), Rift itself can already play some most common formats. 49 | 50 | If you want to start building your library, easiest you can do is just go inside the `home` folder and click `Create Directory` in top right corner. Name it `Photos` for example, go inside and drag some photos there to start the upload process. You will know that it works as the row will turn into progress bar being filled with green. One advice - don't close the window if it looks like nothing is happening. Small files are uploaded quickly, but if you're trying bigger ones (like 2 GB), the progress bar updates every 40 MB. 51 | 52 | > Dedicated guide for Rift users coming soon... 53 | 54 | > [**Add Rift to Homescreen**](https://homescreen.hns.siasky.net/#/skylink/EAAyLXjjcF4BdXVfsnHblPgpBPHSa5HDA3X57Fb3asfrrg) 55 | 56 | --- 57 | 58 |   59 | 60 | ## SkyProfile 61 | ### Make your profile once and have it loaded everywhere 62 | 63 | ![SkyOS - Edit Profile](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-edit-profile.png) 64 | 65 | > [SkyProfile](https://skyprofile.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 66 | 67 | This app was already shown in previous article in detail. On centralized internet, your data are stored in isolated silos and when you register, each sites just duplicates information that you already entered on hundreds of other sites. The problem is that you don't own the data and the result is that it's complete chaos. In many cases you can't even select a name you want because it's already taken. 68 | 69 | Well, it doesn't matter anymore. 70 | 71 | SkyProfile is not some magical profile service, all it does is just definition of profile data structure and showing you some values to set. When you are done with editing, it just saves these data in your own public space. The data are yours but other apps can read them. 72 | 73 | Did I say it's not magical? I lied. Using it and being able to see my picture and name in other apps the first time I open them? That is like magic! 74 | 75 | --- 76 | 77 |   78 | 79 | ## SkyTransfer 80 | 81 | ### Upload files and folders... and manage content with BUCKETS! 82 | 83 | ![Skapps - SkyTransfer](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-skytransfer.png) 84 | 85 | > [SkyTransfer](https://skytransfer.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 86 | 87 | SkyTransfer is being developed by `Kamil Molendys` and `Michał Sokołowski`. 88 | 89 | SkyTransfer is an open source decentralized file sharing platform. Do you have difficulty sharing files with others or between different devices? Are you writing an email and you need to attach files? Are you struggling with a ton of pictures to share? Try doing it using SkyTransfer. Use the minimal but powerful uploader (file picker or drag&drop) for uploading and sharing one or multiple files with a single link or QR code. 90 | 91 | Uploaded files are encrypted using the sodium crypto library compiled to WebAssembly and pure JavaScript: no one can access them without your permission. Only by sharing the bucket link, other people can download and decrypt the content you uploaded. In addition, by sharing a draft, people can continue uploading more data into the same bucket. Be careful when you share a draft! 92 | 93 | SkyTransfer supports uploading entire directories. 94 | 95 | Last but not least, using MySky you can access buckets, SkyTransfer's most advanced feature. Buckets are like folders in which files are stored. Before a collection of files can be uploaded, a bucket must first be created. 96 | 97 | SkyTransfer is still in development. Please report any bug or new idea by opening an issue on GitHub and keep in mind that the encryption process has not yet been audited. 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 |   102 | 103 | ## SkySend 104 | 105 | ### Simple, end-to-end encrypted file-sharing on Skynet 106 | 107 | ![Skapps - SkySend](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-skysend.png) 108 | 109 | > [SkySend](https://skysend.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 110 | 111 | SkySend is another great tool developed by `redsolver`. It basically works like Firefox Send. You select a file, it gets encrypted locally and then uploaded to Skynet. Then you get a link which can be shared and contains the decryption key. 112 | 113 | --- 114 | 115 |   116 | 117 | ## Inception Browser 118 | 119 | ### A web-browser inside of a web-browser… inside of a web-browser? 120 | 121 | ![Skapps - Inception](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-inception.png) 122 | 123 | > [Webception](https://inception-browser.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 124 | 125 | Inception Browser is developed by `Skunk_Ink` and everything you see on the picture runs inside a single browser tab running SkyOS (if you missed it, check previous article). Ever had issue with all your open tabs and want to use your screen space more effectively? Are you making market chart analysis and don't know how to show your streamers 30 charts at once? Then this is app for you. 126 | 127 | --- 128 | 129 |   130 | 131 | ## Sky Gallery 132 | 133 | ### Create and browse photo albums 134 | 135 | ![Skapps - Sky Gallery](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-skygallery.png) 136 | 137 | > [SkyGallery](https://skygallery.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 138 | 139 | Developed by `Delivator`, Sky Gallery lets you manage your albums and share them, or even create public ones that anyone can contribute to. 140 | 141 | --- 142 | 143 |   144 | 145 | ## SkyBlog 146 | 147 | ### Share your story using the deecentralized internet 148 | 149 | ![Skapps - SkyBlog](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-skyblog-1.png) 150 | 151 | > [10007eqr24h29nibtb7rbbu0fntk99mp84vfccpf3sh52rpqjt6msk8](https://10007eqr24h29nibtb7rbbu0fntk99mp84vfccpf3sh52rpqjt6msk8.siasky.net).siasky.net 152 | 153 | SkyBlog is a good example of an app that does exactly what you expect it to do - to create and manage your own blog. The main difference from traditional solutions is that since it uses Skynet and your MySky, all data belong to you. 154 | 155 | --- 156 | 157 |   158 | 159 | ## Sky Calendar 160 | 161 | ### Decentralized calendar? Yes! 162 | 163 | ![Skapps - Sky Calendar](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-sky-calendar.png) 164 | 165 | > [1004d71nji71jeqpu6f5jsg2gk0ddhh2u2ha6pm7d3ml2ikv1kqeh38](https://1004d71nji71jeqpu6f5jsg2gk0ddhh2u2ha6pm7d3ml2ikv1kqeh38.siasky.net).siasky.net 166 | 167 | Everything you expect from a calendar, "just" decentralized. Screenshot does better job here than 1000 words, check for yourself. 168 | 169 | --- 170 | 171 |   172 | 173 | ## SkyChess 174 | 175 | ![Skapps - SkyChess](../static/assets/skapps/skapps-skychess.png) 176 | 177 | > [SkyChess](https://skychess.hns.siasky.net).hns.siasky.net 178 | 179 | Developed by `redsolver`, SkyChess = Decentralized Multiplayer Chess on Skynet. 180 | 181 | Features: 182 | - Play chess games online in real-time (1 second latency on average) 183 | - See the Profile of your opponent when he is logged in using MySky 184 | - Play even if you're not logged into MySky 185 | - Only legal moves can be played 186 | - Openings are automatically detected 187 | - Publish played games using the Feed DAC 188 | - Browse played games published by other users 189 | - Browse your own played games 190 | - Watch games live using the special watch-only link 191 | 192 | --- 193 | *Written by: Danger, Last Edit: October 29, 2021* 194 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/explore-skynet/sky-os.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SkyOS - System in a browser 2 | 3 | This might be my personal opinion but one of the most amazing Skapps made so far is SkyOS. It is being developed by `redsolver` and it is special kind of app for me since I was talking with him how much I would love to use such kind of app. Few days later, he surprised me with a working prototype. 4 | 5 | Since then, SkyOS became much more: 6 | - it supports Homescreen, so it is accessing your personal copies of the apps stored in your MySky space 7 | - it supports Themes, so you can customize the look in a way you like 8 | - it loads profile data from your public profile ([skyprofile](https://skyprofile.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net) 9 | - it supports Widgets, so app creators can make custom widgets for the Dock 10 | 11 | ...and other cool stuff with even more stuff in the works. 12 | 13 | > One very interesting Widget was made by author of `Inception Browser` available at [webception](https://webception.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net. You can not only use the app itself inside SkyOS and literally browse content in a browser inside a browser inside a browser inside your main browser's tab. It has also Widget that lets you search stuff and open it in a new window inside SkyOS. 14 | 15 | > It might sounds as minor thing, but these features can go way further. I will give you an example... today, when you use your browser (Like Chrome), bookmarks, address bar, status panel and many other things are all part of the single window. But with Skynet and system like SkyOS, you could have all of the controls separated to different window, screen or completely different device. And it would control just one app inside SkyOS but any other that adds support. SkyOS Widgets would be just listening for those requests and execute them. I think we are not far from a point where you could have a library with favorite movies of your kids, launch SkyOS on your TV in a browser and then have each of your kids and yourself have different (generated) playlists as a web page that you make accessible via icon on their device's desktop and when some content gets selected, it send instructions for you TV to play it. This all inside a browser with no installation or technical skills required. 16 | 17 | # Starting with SkyOS - Your public profile 18 | 19 | 1. Start by opening [sky-os](https://sky-os.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net and click the `Profile` button in top right corner and then `Edit Profile`. 20 | 21 | > You can also edit your profile directly by visiting directly the app that works with your profile data: [skyprofile](https://skyprofile.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net. 22 | 23 | ![SkyOS - Edit Profile](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-edit-profile.png) 24 | 25 | 2. Edit your profile and `Save Changes`. The change won't be visible right away, you need to reload the app (F5 in most browsers). After you do so, you will see that your profile name is now updated. 26 | 27 | ![SkyOS - Profile Saved](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-profile-saved.png) 28 | 29 | # Adding new Apps 30 | 31 | This is done purely through Homescreen. **Check out the previous article to learn how to add apps and continue the following article to know which apps to add**. Of course, nothing stops you from using those apps without Homescreen & SkyOS at all. Thanks to Homescreen, many other users will have personal copies of the apps, so even if your popular apps changes and you won't like it, you should be able to find users sharing the older version. 32 | 33 | # Dock Editor & Widgets 34 | 35 | Some of the apps you add can via Homescreen support SkyOS Widgets (if the developer added it) and some apps are just widgets alone. What does it mean? Widget is app that follows specific standard defined by SkyOS and loads as an iframe in dock inside SkyOS. Widgets can be simple ones for date, weather, battery level, crypto price, but also more complex that help you control apps they are part of to control your playlists, make quick access to making posts, notify you about news and more. It's kind of a notification center on steroids:) And as SkyOS keeps adding features, it can be expected that Widgets will become very powerful tool for SkyOS users. 36 | 37 | I will give you two examples. 38 | 39 | 1. `Webception` (mentioned at beginning of article) has SkyOS Widget bundled inside the app so it is both App & Widget. After adding the app to your Homescreen, just open SkyOS (reload it if you had it already open) and click your profile and then `Dock Editor`. Continue by clicking `Add Widget` and select the Widget you want to add (Webception). Don't forget to save your new dock with `Save dock layout`, else the next time you reload/open SkyOS, you will still see your old dock. 40 | 41 | ![SkyOS - Dock Editor](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-dock-editor.png) 42 | 43 | 2. `MySkyOS` is Widget-only that I am personally working on with `Steven1` and assistance of `redsolver`. Currently it features only two widgets for `Weather` (Danger) and `Date` (Steven1) but the plan is to create entire set of useful widgets and also make a tutorial for others. You can add this widget through Homescreen by searching `myskyos` or [myskyos](https://myskyos.hns.siasky.net/).hns.siasky.net. Notice that if you try to open this link in browser, it will show you page telling you that this app doesn't do anything on its own. It needs SkyOS to load. Instead, just continue to Homescreen and add it there as you see on image below. Then reload SkyOS and add it to the dock the same way as in first example. The image below it shows you how it will look if you add the `Weather` widget. 44 | 45 | ![SkyOS - Add MySkyOS](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-add-myskyos.png) 46 | 47 | ![SkyOS - MySkyOS - Weather](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-myskyos-weather.png) 48 | 49 | 50 | # Customizing Themes 51 | 52 | Under your profile and `Theme Editor`, set of sliders and fields allows you to modify the appearance of your SkyOS. Custom wallapaper (just upload it with any other Skynet app and then enter the skylink here), border radius, colors, all is here. 53 | 54 | ![SkyOS - Themes](../static/assets/mysky/sky-os-themes.png) 55 | 56 | ## What's next? 57 | 58 | You are now able to update your profile, customize Theme, add Apps and Widgets. Just keep in mind that this profile is not part of SkyOS, instead it is separate app that allows you to write data that other apps (like SkyOS, Rift and other) can read and display. Skynet is all about YOUR data and the apps, widgets or other components are just ways to access it. Possibilities are endless. 59 | 60 | Let's continue to the next article and check out some apps. 61 | 62 | --- 63 | *Written by: Danger, Last Edit: October 27, 2021* 64 | 65 | 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/explore-skynet/you-need-skynet.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Why do I need Skynet? 2 | This is surely the question in your mind right now. Maybe you discovered someone talking about it on the internet, or your friend is convincing you why Sia and Skynet are the future of the internet. Or you are just someone looking for decentralized alternatives to activities you’re performing every single day. 3 | 4 | Before we dig into the use cases, let’s take a look at the current internet and compare it with Skynet. 5 | 6 | ## Restart the internet 7 | I won’t lie to you. Skynet is new. And even a year or two later it will still be new – the same as the internet was still a new thing to many people in the early 2000s. Back then, most of the apps you are using today didn’t exist. It took a lot of time for the internet to become what it is today… and in many ways, become something we are disgusted at since we can’t really do anything to change it. 8 | 9 | Today your data is stored across millions of servers and databases in isolated silos owned by the companies holding your data and selling it to anyone for profit. The Internet is not free, you’re paying with your privacy that gets monetized. Also, each new service needs to build its own user base and network effect from zero. It doesn’t matter if it’s 1000 times better with a more user friendly model – it won’t survive in this merciless competition. Innovation is being supressed. Rules are defined by giants (Apple, Google and others). Content creators are being de-platformed and silenced. There are even way more ridiculous things happening and you know this is just the tip of the iceberg. 10 | 11 | What can we do about it? Well, we can restart the internet. 12 | 13 | ## Get in control of your data and privacy… easily 14 | Skynet is presenting a new kind of internet, a decentralized one. Built with open-source software on top of the fully decentralized cloud storage platform known as Sia. If you want to learn more, check our other guides. But most important thing is that you don’t need to know much to start. 15 | 16 | **You don’t need any special software.** 17 | **You don’t need to run any server.** 18 | **You don’t need any Siacoin (SC).** 19 | 20 | All you need is an account on a portal of your choice. All these guides will be using siasky.net as the official Skynet portal operated by the developers of Skynet. But it’s open source, so anyone can start a business and become a player in the decentralized cloud storage market or run an own portal just for the own needs, family or friends. You can always migrate to any other portal if you’re not happy, simply telling another portal to start pinning all your data. But we will leave that for a separate guide later. 21 | 22 | There are resources that explain it much better. If you want to learn more about Skynet’s vision which is close to a roadmap, check this “ADeep Dive into Skynet” article on the official Sia blog. 23 | 24 | Let’s look at a bit condensed version. 25 | 26 | ## What is the minimum I need to know to begin? 27 | ### Skynet apps are running client-side. 28 | When you are accessing some Skynet app, you download its entire code. It doesn’t have to connect anywhere (at least not those apps that claim to be fully decentralized), it has everything it needs and connects to Skynet directly through the portal you use. 29 | 30 | ### Skynet is not encrypted by default, encryption is defined on the app level. 31 | For these reasons, siasky.net uploads should only be used if you’re fine that what you upload will be available without any encryption. It’s not good for personal data. But there is no limit on what users can accomplish using other apps – some allow just non-encrypted upload, some offer also encrypted upload and some do a mix of both approaches for different types of data. 32 | 33 | ### Your data is always stored redundantly. 34 | All files up to the base sector size are stored with 10x redundancy. This applies to all smaller files (let’s say up to the size of an mp3 song). Bigger files are stored with 3x redundancy. This means your files or fragments of files exist multiple times on the network and are automatically re-uploaded to another host in order to maintain good health of your files in case of some host holding pieces of your data disappears. 35 | 36 | ### Anyone can run a Skynet portal with own rules and integrate new features. It’s open-source. 37 | Let’s say your favorite portal has a limit for a maximum upload of 1 GB. If you need more, you have two options. To use some Skynet app that works around that limit, for example as SkySend ([see our guide here](/guides/skynet/sending-files.html)). 38 | 39 | Or, if you’re not happy with some portal, you can always move to another one or run your own. This is what makes the difference from the centralized internet. When some site goes offline, you lose all your data. But on Skynet, the data is stored on the underlaying Sia network that is deeply integrated with Skynet. All you have to do is to tell your portal (or just a Sia renter node in “portal mode”) to start pinning the list of all your Skylinks. 40 | 41 | ### You can use any Skynet portal to access any Skylink. 42 | Just change the domain name in the skylink to something else. Find a list (may be incomplete) [here](/tech/portals.html). 43 | 44 | ### Skynet is decentralized internet. 45 | It’s not a single app, it is a way to access and utilize the decentralized storage network in a way that lets you upload anything you want and host it without need of a server. It can be a document, song, video, or entire complex application, like SkyFeed (decentralized twitter), Marstorage (decentralized dropbox) and others. All Skynet portals let you access the same files at the same hosts on Sia network through Skylinks (way of addressing specific content on decentralized network) so you’re not depending on single point of access. 46 | 47 | ### Built-in monetization and natural app cross-operability. 48 | As you can read in the article mentioned above (“A Deep Dive to Skynet”), Skynet has monetization deeply integrated in its veins. Skynet portals are paying Sia hosts with SC so the users don’t have to worry about running a node or a wallet. And this goes way beyond with recursive monetization being worked on allowing limitless innovations. Imagine making an image, setting a fee to it and anyone can use it in the own app and you get paid each time it is displayed, automatically. Or getting paid for curating, filtering content for other users who follow you. Or getting paid for answering questions, or even asking them on a skynet powered forum. 49 | 50 | And if you think this is all, you’re wrong. Applications can use same data, if a user allows that. Apps do not need to build their own network effect, they can build on top of the network effect of all other apps. Imagine using a decentralized facebook and then discovering a better interface, letting you work with the same data plus way more. You can start using it without your friends even noticing, since they will still see your activity. 51 | 52 | ### Skylinks are content based. 53 | You can read more about this in other linked resources but shortly said, you don’t need to upload the file to know its Skylink. You can do so before it, because identical file (content and name) will always result in the same Skylink. This is especially useful if you have some favorite app. When you access it through the Skylink, you can be always sure it was not modified and no one added any malicious code. 54 | 55 | ## Where to go from here? 56 | I know, you want to use it already. We are currently working on more guides that will lead you through account creation and various Skynet apps (shortly Skapps) to use. Expect this section to grow fast. 57 | 58 | > [How To: Sending Large Files over Skynet](/guides/skynet/sending-files.html) 59 | 60 | --- 61 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 62 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/seed-management.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Secure Seed Management 2 | This guide will lead you through the basics of wallet and seed management. It doesn’t matter if you use Sia, or Bitcoin or anything else. This guide will help you to do it securely. 3 | 4 | ## Not your keys, not your coins 5 | Managing your keys is extremely important, and many people don’t take it as seriously as they should. I’m not saying this to scare you, but in the crypto-world, for decentralized blockchains there is nothing like ownership based on your identity and there is no number you can call to ask for access or refund. You have absolute power over “*your*” assets, but also absolute responsibility. 6 | 7 | The private key, in the world of Sia called a seed is a unique sequence of words that is used to generate wallet addresses and process the transactions of your wallet. Every single `seed` lets you manage exactly one wallet (1:1 relation) and every wallet lets you create many wallet addresses (1:many relation). 8 | 9 | You’ve maybe heard it – *“not your keys, not your coins.”* It’s best known in reference to exchanges that effectively manage the keys for you. It’s like giving someone else your wallet and asking them when you can use your money. Sometimes they’ll be around, sometimes they won’t. Nothing is safer than holding your own coins and being the only one with the seed. All you need is to make sure it survives the most common disaster scenarios like computer failure, physical loss of the paper you wrote it on, mistakes in writing it down or even your own death. The last one is most tricky. 10 | 11 | >**Wondering why you cannot see your recent transactions?** That’s because there is no centralized server to ask. When you load your wallet from the seed, Sia-UI scans entire blockchain (transaction by transaction) and every transaction matching your seed’s signature is remembered locally on your computer and used to count your current balance as a sum of all incoming and outgoing transactions. This also explains why you need to wait until you are 100% synchronized (especially if you made some transaction recently), because only then your local copy of the blockchain knows all transactions to show you correct current balance. 12 | 13 | By now, it should be crystal clear to you that protection of your seed is your own responsibility and no one else should do this for you. But no worries, it’s not as hard and scary as it sounds. The only reason to worry is if you ignore this advice. 14 | 15 | ## Preserving your seed 16 | So how do you keep a string of words safe? You have many options like writing it down on paper, embossing it into metal, putting it in your last will and let a legal firm protect it, or other ways. You can even split it into several pieces or combinations where you might need any two of three, but that depends on you and what risks you can live with. Each has pros and cons, but I’m going to share with you a method I personally find quite good and requires low effort for a vast majority of users. After all, simplicity is the ultimate form of sophistication. 17 | 18 | So, how do you store your seeds, keys, passwords or even important files and documents? 19 | 20 | 1. **Obtain a** `password manager` that lets you have a local encrypted database protected by a custom password. In this example we will use KeePass. It is free, open source, easy to use and has several implementations available for each platform. I personally use KeePassX on MacOS, but you can use any other implementation or even a different password manager that lets you use an encrypted database protected by password. 21 | 2. **Create** `master password`. You can come up with your own password, but the most secure method of doing so is to draw from a large list of words that might not normally be in your vocabulary. Longer passwords are inherently more secure, and using random words instead of ones you pick reduces the likelihood that it could be brute forced. 22 | 23 | ## One password to rule them all 24 | The point of the `master password` is to create a security layer and a place where you can keep your most important data. The longer a password is, the better. There are a variety of password strength checkers online, and each of them will return different results, but an easy to remember password consisting of multiple words without any special characters is stronger than a hard to remember password consisting of multiple numbers and symbols. 25 | 26 | In this case I suggest to use it only for the most sensitive information that you won’t access a lot (like your Sia seed), but if you want to use it for other data too, just repeat the process and create a second password and database. 27 | 28 | 1. Find a list of words like this one where you can see numbers and words. Don’t use any automated generator or even random number generator in the process we describe below. Just find a physical 6-sided dice and stick with it. If you have five of them, it will be faster, but you can do the same just with one. 29 | Then take a paper and a pen and start rolling your dice to create a truly random sequence of five numbers. If you roll this as your first sequence — 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 — your word would be “abdomen”. Repeat this 7–9 times depending on how many words you want to have in your password. *You can also read more details about coming with random numbers in this article on the Sia blog.* 30 | 2. Pair each sequence with a word from the list. Let’s say your words are: **monastery sudoku zombie bucket amazingly amount debate** (sorry if it’s someone password). You can memorize it like this if you want, or you can include non-random words and even replace some to create a long secure phrase, but easy to remember. Like: “**amount of zombies with buckets debate amazingly in sudoku monastery**”. It’s like creating a random set of words and then putting it together in some kind of absurd story you can very easily memorize. 31 | xkcd had a great comic on this topic. 32 | 3. You can **write it on paper and repeat**. Once confident you remember it, destroy the paper or emboss it into some durable and water/fire/physical damage resistant material (here is excellent stress test by Jameson Lopp) and hide while letting only your closest ones to know where to find it (preferably in a fireproof safe). It should take you about three minutes to memorize it and it’s good practice to repeat if every few hours, then days until you are 100% sure. Share this master password and its location only with someone you absolutely trust, someone who should be able to find it if something happened to you. 33 | 4. **Open your password manager (I use KeePassX) and create a new database protected by your master password**. Remember, this will be the only place where you will ever enter your master password. If you want to increase security even further, run this on computer that will never get connected to the internet. 34 | 5. **Once you get the database file created, add any information you want to protect**. Seeds and private keys, exchange credentials, wallet files or other information you rarely access, but let you control your assets. You can also write instructions and notes for yourself, or even for those who would read it in case you couldn’t, so the assets wouldn’t be lost permanently and continue to hands of other family members for example. You can even leave advice on how to make sure that it will get passed properly to further generations. These notes can contain information about your contracts and other assets, for example if you are mining. You can hide all of this behind one super secure password. Kind of a digital last will. 35 | 6. **Now that your database is ready, you should create a backup.** If you run it on a computer without internet, make backups on flash drives or local network drives. You can use a timestamp for these backups to know when they were made (I usually never delete older versions, keep them all as there is nothing bad in having it multiple times, but only recent ones contain everything), so the database can be named liked “KeePass_31_12_18”. If you run it on a computer with an internet connection, you can even use some service like iCloud or Google Drive to have it automatically backed up in cloud (linked to your identity and belonging to you which makes it easier for you to get to it from anywhere if needed). Just one warning, if you are unable or worried to keep your computer protected from crypto-viruses, keyloggers and remote-control and you have a significant amount of money in crypto, think about using a separate machine for this that will never connect to internet. Better be safe than sorry, because if anyone gets to both your database and the password, you have a problem. 36 | 37 | So… now you are able to save important data without worries and always be able to recover them (even remotely if you had to run away with empty hands and only your master password in your head). And (optionally) you instructed your close ones where they can find the database (drives or cloud) and master password (locked in place that noone can get to without you noticing). Be careful who you give these information to, but this is the kind of stuff you would want included in your last will if you want to make sure someone gets to it while you are alive — the location of databases and where to find the password. 38 | 39 | Now, fully aware of what this all means and being all set, we are finally ready to begin with Sia-UI or other wallet app – see our [Siacoin Wallets](/siacoin/wallet.html) guide. 40 | 41 | --- 42 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: October 29, 2021* 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Connecting Host Manager to a remote host 2 | 3 | ## Step 1: Installing Host Manager 4 | To install the latest version of Host Manager visit the [official website](https://siacentral.com/host-manager/) and click the "Download Now" button. 5 | 6 | ![Siacentral Host Manager](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/download-host-manager.png) 7 | 8 | From the list download the version best suited for your operating system. 9 | 10 | ![Download From Github](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/github-download.png) 11 | 12 | ## Step 2: Retrieve hosts api-password 13 | In order to configure the host properly, you will need your hosts API password. 14 | 15 | The API password is stored in a file named `apipassword` and can be found under the `.sia` folder of your hosts root directory. 16 | ``` 17 | $ ssh user@siahost 18 | user@siahost's password: 19 | 20 | user@siahost:~$ cd .sia 21 | user@siahost:~$ cat apipassword 22 | 1234abc5de67fab8c9d0e1fa2b345cd6 23 | ``` 24 | Make sure to write down this password, you will need it later on. 25 | 26 | ## Step 3: Create SSH tunnel to host API port 27 | Next you will need to establish a SSH tunnel to the API Port of your Sia Host machine. 28 | 29 | ``` 30 | $ ssh -f user@siahost -L 9980:localhost:9980 -N 31 | ``` 32 | 33 | ## Step 4: Configure remote connection 34 | Launch Host Manager. Once loaded make sure "Show Advanced" has been selected and click "Get Started". 35 | 36 | ![Host Manager Start](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/host-manager-start.png) 37 | 38 | Next you will be asked if you would like to link Host Manager to a SiaUI. Select "No Thanks". 39 | 40 | ![Host Manager Link UI](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/host-manager-link-ui.png) 41 | 42 | Next you will be asked to specify a path to your Sia data. Leave the input blank and click "Next". 43 | 44 | ![Host Manager Data Path](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/host-manager-data-path.png) 45 | 46 | Next you will be prompted to configure your Daemon settings. If your host was installed using the default ports you can leave everything blank and skip to your "API Password" at the bottom of the list. Enter the API password you retrieved during Step 2 and click "Next". 47 | 48 | ![Host Manager Daemon Settings](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/host-manager-daemon-settings.png) 49 | 50 | Congratulations, you have now succefully connected Host Manager to your host. 51 | 52 | ![Host Manager Complete](../../../static/assets/hosting/host-manager-remote-connection/host-manager-complete.png) 53 | 54 | --- 55 | *Written by: Skunk_Ink, Last Edit: Jan 25, 2022* 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/hosting/introduction.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Introduction to Hosting 2 | Hosts are the backbone of the Sia network, they are a critical part of the Sia ecosystem. Hosts sell their storage space and bandwidth in exchange for Siacoin. Without hosts, renters would not be able to store data and Skynet would not be able to function. 3 | 4 | Hosting requires a basic level of technical knowledge. Hosts need to be familiar with basic port forwarding, firewall rules, disk management, along with some concepts unique to Sia’s decentralized storage model. 5 | 6 | ## Uptime 7 | Hosting is a commitment. Ideally hosts would be available 24/7, but some downtime is expected. Over 85% uptime is acceptable for most renters. It is important that hosts are available as much as possible to give renters access to their data and earn revenue. Failing to fulfill storage commitments can cause the host to lose Siacoin. 8 | 9 | ## Hardware Requirements 10 | Sia is able to run on a variety of different devices, architectures, and operating systems. Sia has official releases for Windows, Mac, and Linux. There are hosts running on low power devices like Raspberry Pi’s all the way up to high power rack mount servers. 11 | 12 | requirements | cores | memory | SSD | Disk Space|OS 13 | -------------------------|-------|----------|----------|-----------|----- 14 | Minimum Requirements |2 cores|4GB Memory|60GB SSD |4TB HDD |Whatever 15 | Recommended Requirements |4 cores|8GB memory|256GB SSD |4TB HDD |Linux 16 | 17 | It is highly recommended to store Sia’s blockchain (20GB+) and metadata on an SSD for better speeds. Renter data can be stored on normal consumer HDD to maximize space and minimize costs. Sia is optimized to run on Linux, other operating systems will work but come with trade-offs or increased risk. 18 | 19 | ## Wallet Balance 20 | Hosts need to keep their wallet’s topped up with Siacoin in order to submit storage proofs and form new contracts. Due to how contract payouts work, mosts hosts are locking more collateral than they have incoming, it can take up to a year before the host has enough expiring contracts to self-sustain off only their earned revenue. 21 | 22 | >Usually around $10 USD in SC is enough for new hosts to get up and running, but it largely depends on the host’s pricing and collateral. 23 | 24 | ## Earning Revenue 25 | Hosts earn revenue by providing storage and bandwidth to renters. Renters pay for this usage in Siacoin. At the end of the contract earned revenue is automatically sent to the host’s wallet. If a contract is formed for 3 months the host will be payed only after the contract has expired. 26 | 27 | >There are currently two bugs which make tracking revenue very difficult: host revenue does not show up in Sia’s transaction list and Sia’s built in revenue totals are inaccurate. Combined, this makes tracking earned revenue extremely difficult since host’s often lock up more collateral than they earn in revenue. 28 | 29 | ## Collateral 30 | To incentivize hosts to remain online long term, hosts are expected to risk collateral for the data they are storing. If a host cannot prove they have stored the data they have agreed to their collateral and payment is burned. This keeps hosts accountable and incentivized. 31 | 32 | Most hosts have found that between 1 and 2 times storage price is a good balance of collateral for earning the most revenue. 33 | 34 | ## Contracts 35 | Contracts create an instant payment channel between a host and renter that allows the renter to quickly pay for storage and bandwidth usage. Contracts are blockchain enforced agreements between a host and renter that automatically resolve at the end of the contracting period. This keeps the entire ecosystem working transparently and honestly. 36 | 37 | ### Formation 38 | The host and renter both lock Siacoin into a contract for the entire duration. When a contract is created the renter and host agree on how much allowance the renter should lock in, how much collateral the host should lock in, and how long the contract is for. Revenue, unspent allowance, and collateral is automatically returned to its owner at the end of the contracting period. A contract cannot be ended early. 39 | 40 | The host has some controls to block unfavorable contracts. Renters decide the duration of the contract and how much collateral the host should lock for the data they want to store, but the host can limit how much collateral they are willing to lock into a single contract and the maximum duration of the contract. 41 | 42 | **Max Duration** is the maximum duration that a contract can be for. This is usually represented in months. The average duration is around 3 months. Hosts are payed only at the end of the contract duration. If a host commits to storing data for 6 months, but fails to submit a storage proof all revenue and collateral will be burned. 43 | 44 | **Max Collateral** is the maximum amount of collateral a host is willing to lock into a single contract. Large contracts can cause performance issues on hosts and locking too much collateral into a single contract may limit the number of contracts a host can form with other renters. 45 | 46 | **Collateral Budget** the total amount of Siacoin to use for forming contracts. This is currently bugged so the budget can fill up without actually having collateral locked. Setting this to a very high number regardless of wallet balance can help to reduce unnecessary restarts. 47 | 48 | ### Revisions 49 | The contract is revised when a renter wants to interact with the host. In order to be fast revisions are agreed upon off-chain and do not need to wait on block confirmations. 50 | 51 | When a renter uploads data a new revision is created which increases the file size, updates the merkle root, moves a portion of the renter's locked allowance to the host's payout, and risks a porportionate amount of the host's locked collateral. When a renter downloads data they move some of their locked allowance to the host's payout. A revision cannot change the contract's expiration, proof window, or add additional funds. 52 | 53 | ### Renewal 54 | Before the contract expires the renter has the option to renew it and continue storing data with the host. During renewal a final revision of the existing contract is created which locks the contract for further revisions, meaning it can no longer be used for uploading or downloading, and removes the burn payout. A new contract is created with the existing data, additional host collateral, renter allowance, and a new expiration height. 55 | 56 | If a contract is renewed the host will receive all of their locked collateral and revenue when the contract expires and do not need to submit a storage proof. 57 | 58 | ### Final Revision 59 | The host will try to submit the final revision of a contract to the blockchain before it expires. This revision finalizes the payouts the renter and host will receive when the contract expires. The storage proof is also based on this revision. This way only the initial contract and the last revision of the contract are stored on the blockchain, saving space. 60 | 61 | ### Storage Proof 62 | If a contract is not renewed, the host will need to submit a storage proof. A small amount of Siacoin is necessary to submit the storage proof, usually around **0.01 SC**. 63 | 64 | A storage proof is a merkle proof for a randomly selected segment of the contract. The segment of data is deterministicaly chosen based on the ID of the block before the start of the proof window. 65 | 66 | The host has 144 blocks, or approximately 24 hours, after the contract expires to submit a storage proof. If the host submits a storage proof they receive all of their locked collateral and revenue. If the host does not submit a proof before the proof window ends the host's risked collateral and revenue is burned. The locked portion of the host's collateral and the unspent portion of the renter's allowance is returned. 67 | 68 | > `siad` automatically determines if the host needs to submit a proof. 69 | 70 | ## Pricing 71 | Hosts get to set their own prices, the storage marketplace is meant to be a free and open competition between hosts to provide the best value to renters. Historically, there has been much more supply than demand so profits are low. This isn’t to say that hosts can’t earn a small profit. Hosts with good reputations or better connections are often chosen even if the cost would be higher. 72 | 73 | **Storage Price** is the cost to store data on the host, usually represented as SC per terabyte per month. Around ***$1 – $2 USD per TB*** is a good starting price 74 | 75 | **Download Bandwidth Price** is the cost to download data from the host, otherwise known as `egress`, usually represented as SC per terabyte. Between ***$1 – $5 USD per TB*** is a good starting price. In a more competitive market it might make sense to charge more if you have a Gigabit connection with no data cap or are in a location with few hosts. 76 | 77 | **Upload Bandwidth Price** is the cost to upload data to the host, otherwise known as `ingress`. Usually this is represented as SC per terabyte. Onboarding data is the most important part of hosting, it is generally recommended to set this low or even to 0 to onboard as much data as possible. 78 | 79 | **Collateral** is the amount of collateral the host needs to risk per TB of data stored. Between **1 – 2 times** storage price is a good reference point. 80 | 81 | **Contract Price** is the cost to form a contract with the host, this should not be more than **1 SC**. Contract price is meant to cover transaction fees for submitting a storage proof. The default **0.15 SC** is for the most part fine, most storage proofs cost less than **0.01 SC** to submit. 82 | 83 | ## Announcements 84 | Hosts are required to announce either an IP address or DNS address where renters can connect to them. The announcement has four parts: the ip/domain, the port to connect on, the host’s public key, and a signature. This makes it easy for renters to discover and connect with new hosts and update existing hosts. 85 | 86 | Announcing a DNS like `myhost.hosting.com:9982` instead of an IP address avoids having to announce multiple times if you do not have a static IP. 87 | 88 | ## Ranking 89 | Most renters rank hosts based on criteria they find important. There is no centralized ranking system for hosts, each renter uniquely ranks hosts they can connect with based on different criteria. For the most part a host’s individual rank can be very different between two renters. 90 | 91 | The original Sia renter ranks hosts based on age, pricing, collateral ratio, available storage, and estimated uptime. When picking new hosts to store data with the renter does not necessarily pick in order of rank. As such, **Sia rank** should not be considered an important metric for hosts. To break the top 50 a host would need to sacrifice most of their revenue potential. Custom scoring systems that take into account transfer speed, availability and latency over pricing are also being used. 92 | 93 | ## Useful Tools For Hosts 94 | - SiaStats / hosts | monitors and benchmarks all hosts on the network. 95 | - Sia Central | easily troubleshoot port forwarding, dns resolution, and connection issues. 96 | - Sia Host Manager | alternative to Sia-UI with better financial tracking and fiat price pinning. 97 | 98 | ## Where to go next? 99 | If you want to start hosting, it is also good to know more about the renters. [Our guide](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html) will lead you through everything you should know before you start. 100 | 101 | --- 102 | *Written by: Nate & Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 103 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/hosting/useful-tools.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Useful Tools for Hosting 2 | ## Sia Host Manager 3 | An improved interface for Sia network hosts. Get accurate and complete statistics and monitor the health of your host. Replaces or runs alongside Sia-UI. 4 | 5 | Sia Host Manager combines information from your Sia node as well as information from the blockchain to display more accurate financial and health statistics. 6 | 7 | * Monitors connection status 8 | * Add, remove and resize storage folders 9 | * Get detailed information about ongoing, completed, and failed storage obligations 10 | * Change host configuration 11 | * Pin configuration prices to fiat or cryptocurrencies 12 | * Display financials in different fiat or cryptocurrencies 13 | 14 | --- 15 | *Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/linux-hosting.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Setting up a Sia Host on Ubuntu Server 2 | This is a technical guide to setting up a new host from scratch on Ubuntu server using only the terminal. To learn more about the basics of Sia hosting read our [hosting article](/guides/sia/hosting/introduction.html). This guide should be similar for any other Linux distributions. 3 | 4 | ## Getting Sia 5 | Install the latest version of siad by going to the official website and downloading the latest zip file of Sia Daemon for your operating system from https://sia.tech/get-started. This guide has been written for v1.5.6. 6 | 7 | ![Sia Website](../../static/assets/hosting/hosting-with-siad/sia-tech-website.png) 8 | 9 | You can download the files and extract them using `wget` and `unzip` 10 | ```sh 11 | $ wget -q https://sia.tech/releases/siad/Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64.zip 12 | $ unzip Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64.zip 13 | $ sudo mv -t /usr/local/bin Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64/siad Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64/siac 14 | $ rm -rf Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64.zip Sia-v1.5.6-linux-amd64 15 | ``` 16 | 17 | ## Creating a system service 18 | By creating a systemd file we can start Sia whenever the server is booted instead of starting it manually. Run the following command to create a new systemd unit file: 19 | ```sh 20 | $ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/siad.service 21 | ``` 22 | 23 | Then, modify the following snippet to fit your host and then paste it into the file. You will want to change `asecurewalletpassword` to a more secure wallet password. 24 | 25 | ``` 26 | [Unit] 27 | Description=siad 28 | After=network.target 29 | 30 | [Service] 31 | Type=simple 32 | ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/siad -M gctwh -d /home/ubuntu/siad 33 | ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/siac stop 34 | Restart=always 35 | RestartSec=15 36 | User=ubuntu 37 | Environment="SIA_WALLET_PASSWORD=asecurewalletpassword" 38 | LimitNOFILE=900000 39 | 40 | [Install] 41 | WantedBy=multi-user.target 42 | Alias=siad.service 43 | ``` 44 | 45 | ```sh 46 | $ sudo systemctl start siad 47 | $ sudo systemctl enable siad 48 | ``` 49 | 50 | Your Sia node should now be running and accessible. You can try out a few commands to test it: 51 | 52 | ```sh 53 | $ siac consensus 54 | Synced: No 55 | Height: 0 56 | Progress (estimated): 0.0% 57 | ``` 58 | 59 | ```sh 60 | $ siac gateway 61 | Address: localhost:9981 62 | Active peers: 0 63 | Max download speed: 0 64 | Max upload speed: 0 65 | ``` 66 | 67 | ## Creating a Wallet 68 | You should now create a wallet. You will need the password you set in your systemd unit earlier. I will be using `asecurewalletpassword`. Wallet seeds should not be shared between hosts, so we will be generating a new recovery seed. When prompted type in the wallet password you chose. 69 | 70 | ``` 71 | $ siac wallet init -p 72 | ``` 73 | ``` 74 | Wallet password: 75 | Confirm: 76 | Recovery seed: 77 | sneeze toyed nerves soothe imbalance bite maps inquest obnoxious sovereign hydrogen pact quick sipped scoop language gossip acquire western dwelt hairy fossil goodbye hills dyslexic sword tossed psychic 78 | 79 | Wallet encrypted with given password 80 | ``` 81 | 82 | A new 29 word wallet seed will be generated. Save this seed somewhere secure, if something happens to your server you will need it to recover your Siacoin. [Secure Seed Management](/guides/seed-management.html) 83 | 84 | You should now unlock your wallet with. In the future, when starting Sia your wallet will automatically unlock. 85 | ``` 86 | $ siac wallet unlock 87 | ``` 88 | 89 | The last step is to generate an address to send Siacoin to: 90 | ```sh 91 | $ siac wallet address 92 | Created new address: b96540b9eb96424827fe4d65bb618201c90eb2096908442746e6f29553159b4bf70a030f8cf9 93 | ``` 94 | 95 | You can now send Siacoin to this address to fund your host, however the funds will not show up until you are fully synced. 96 | 97 | Hosts need Siacoin to form contracts, post collateral, and provide storage proofs. It is important to keep at least a little balance in your wallet at all times. Around $10 USD in Siacoin is enough to get started, but you may need to add more as it gets locked into storage collateral. 98 | 99 | ## Wait for Sync 100 | Now we need to wait for our host to fully synchronize we can check progress with the following command: 101 | 102 | ``` 103 | $ siac consensus 104 | Synced: No 105 | Height: 34030 106 | Progress (estimated): 10.8% 107 | ``` 108 | 109 | ## Add Storage Folders 110 | Now you can add storage folders. I am going to assume that any external drives are already mounted and formatted. I am going to be adding a 1TB folder mounted at `/mnt/data` 111 | 112 | ``` 113 | $ mkdir -p /mnt/data/sia/storage01 114 | $ siac host folder add /mnt/data/sia/storage01 1TB 115 | ``` 116 | 117 | ## Set Pricing 118 | I am going to be setting my host's storage price to `85 SC/Tb/mo` (around $1.50 USD), download price to `170 SC/Tb` (around $3.00 USD), and collateral to `170 SC/Tb/mo` (`2x storage price`). Due to a bug, I will also be setting my collateral budget to `100KS`. You can see all of the configuration options by typing `siac host config --help` 119 | 120 | ``` 121 | $ siac host config minstorageprice 85SC 122 | $ siac host config mindownloadbandwidthprice 170SC 123 | $ siac host config minuploadbandwidthprice 0H 124 | $ siac host config collateral 170SC 125 | $ siac host config collateralbudget 100KS 126 | ``` 127 | 128 | ## Setup Host Registry (Optional) 129 | The Skynet registry is a key value store for storing really small data. The host does not have to post collateral for data stored in the registry, so there's no risk of losing money if you lose the stored data. It is completely optional to enable. 130 | 131 | Pricing is based on your storage and bandwidth prices. Updating a registry key costs the renter 5 years of storage + bandwidth. Reading a registry entry costs the renter the equivalent of 10 years of storage + bandwidth. 132 | 133 | The recommended registry size is 4GB, it is stored with your consensus data. 134 | 135 | ``` 136 | $ siac host config registrysize 4GB 137 | ``` 138 | 139 | ## Forward ports 140 | If you have a firewall or router you will need to forward/open TCP ports 9981-9983. How to do so is outside of the scope of this guide, there are tutorials available for most routers/firewalls available on Google. 141 | 142 | ## Announcing 143 | Now that you have setup your host, all that is left is to announce. Most hosts like to setup a custom DNS for their hosts such as `host.siacentral.host:9982`. If you have a dynamic IP, it is recommended to use a dynamic DNS service to update your IP automatically when it changes. Substitute your domain or IP in the following command: 144 | ``` 145 | $ siac host announce your.ip.or.netaddress:9982 146 | ``` 147 | 148 | Announcements can take between 20 minutes to an hour to be confirmed. Once your announcement is confirmed you can check your host using 149 | Sia Central's Host Troubleshooter or SiaStat's Host Monitor 150 | 151 | ## Using siac 152 | `siac` is the utility used to interact with a running Sia node you can list commands available or get usage information by adding `--help` to the end of any command: 153 | ``` 154 | $ siac wallet --help 155 | $ siac host --help 156 | $ siac host folder --help 157 | ``` 158 | 159 | ## Updating Your Host 160 | It is important to keep your host up to date. To update: 161 | 1. Download and unzip the latest release from https://sia.tech/get-started 162 | 2. Stop the siad service with `sudo systemctl stop siad` 163 | 3. Replace the `siad` and `siac` binaries at `/usr/local/bin` 164 | 4. Start the siad service `sudo systemctl start siad` 165 | 166 | ## Host Monitoring (Optional) 167 | You can optionally install Sia Central's Host Dashboard to monitor your host's financials using a convenient web interface: https://github.com/siacentral/sia-host-dashboard 168 | 169 | --- 170 | *Written by: Nate, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 171 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/renting.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Renting on Sia 2 | Before following this article in order to set up your own renter with Sia-UI on Windows 10, we recommend to learn the technical details to how renting works by visiting the [Introduction to Renting](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html) that I also wrote. 3 | 4 | Renting on Windows 10 with Sia-UI 5 | So first off you’re gonna want to head to the official Sia website. And head to the download page. 6 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-4.png) 7 | 8 | Then from there download the windows binary. 9 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-5.png) 10 | 11 | >Note, if you would like to compile it from the source, you can find the daemon code here, and the UI code here. But in all likely-hood if you can do that, you don’t need this article ;p 12 | 13 | Now click on the .exe file that has been downloaded. Now windows doesn’t like cryto apps at all. So windows will automatically block the file when you try to open it. Thankfully, it’s easy to get around. Just click “more info” 14 | 15 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-6.png) 16 | 17 | And then “Run Anyway” 18 | 19 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-7.png) 20 | 21 | Now let it run with administrator privileges. Once that is open you’ll either want to put in your own seed, or generate a new one. For this article we will be creating a new seed. 22 | 23 | > Also, side note say what a seed is. A seed is effectively your “password.” Though unlike normal passwords it’s a cryptographic private key that all your data is encrypted with and cannot be changed. For a more detailed breakdown of how seeds work and how to keep yours secure, read [here](/guides/seed-management.html). 24 | 25 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-8.png) 26 | 27 | Now you will be given a seed that is your unique identifier. DO NOT share this with anyone. If they have this seed, they have all of your SC and your data isn’t safe. For more info read [here](/guides/seed-management.html). So now save this seed to a safe place and click “next” 28 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-9.png) 29 | 30 | Now fill in the missing words and click “Done” 31 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-10.png) 32 | 33 | Now that you have done that you will see this. 34 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-11.png) 35 | 36 | Before you bootstrap you’re going to want to send some coins to your wallet. Sending coins takes(on average) an hour, so getting it out of the way now is best. So to get an address to send the coins to, click “Go to Dashboard” 37 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-11.5.png) 38 | 39 | Then click on “wallet” 40 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-12.png) 41 | 42 | Then click on “Receive” 43 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-14.png) 44 | 45 | Then click on “Generate new Address” 46 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-15.png) 47 | 48 | 49 | Your new address will now show up under the “Latest Address” tab: 50 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-16.png) 51 | 52 | 53 | Now you are going to want to acquire some Siacoin and send them to this newly generated address. For more info on how, check out the [here](/siacoin/trading.html). Also now is a good time to figure out how much Siacoin (I will further refer to it as SC from now on) you actually need. The best metric to go off is the storage pricing on SiaStats, just take that pricing per TB in SC and multiply it by how many TB you need. Also keep in mind that since it costs money to form contracts with hosts (read more [here](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html)), prices will be very high until about 1TB where it levels off to average pricing. 54 | 55 | Once you send coin to your wallet you have two choices, bootstrapping and letting it sync naturally. 56 | 57 | * Syncing naturally – This basically is just your node asking other nodes on the network for the history of all transactions one by one and it builds the consensus database on this. On a computer with a good connection, and SSD, and a beefy processor, it can take around 6 hours to sync. On a computer with worse hardware in general and an HDD, it can take 1-2 days to sync fully. 58 | * Bootstrapping – Instead of letting your node communicate to other nodes and build the consensus itself, you download someone else’s consensus file to speed up the download and build process. This is only practical if you actually trust the person that you will be bootstrapping from. A borked consensus file can have security implications. On a computer with a good connection, hardware, and an SSD, it takes 1-2 hours to bootstrap, and with a HDD it takes ~6 hours. 59 | This tutorial will be using the bootstrap method to sync because I don’t want to waste too much of my time XD. 60 | 61 | In order to bootstrap, force close Sia-UI like this: 62 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-17.png) 63 | 64 | Now download the consensus file from a trusted community website(for the we’ll be using SiaStats). So head to Siastats and scroll to the bottom of the homepage. Then click “Consensus Download” 65 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-18.png) 66 | 67 | Now, click on the “bootrap.zip” 68 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-19.png) 69 | 70 | This is quite a large file and can take a long while to download. When zipped, it’s about ~11GB of storage, and once decompressed(how it has to be when in use) it takes up ~22GB currently(this grows over time). 71 | 72 | > This large consensus size is being worked on actively by the Sia Foundation as of now and likely in 2021/2022 there will be an implementation that allows you to run a full node with only a 50KB Utreexo chain state file. 73 | 74 | Now you have to navigate to the Sia folder so you can replace the consensus.db file with the bootstrap one. So to do that, press `win + r` to open the run window and type in `%appdata%\Sia-UI\sia\consensus`. 75 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-20.png) 76 | 77 | Open the bootstrap zip file and drag it into the consensus folder. 78 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-21.png) 79 | 80 | Now that that is complete, open Sia-UI. 81 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-22.png) 82 | 83 | And now we wait. One may ask, “what is it doing right now?” Well, despite having the consensus caught up, all of the other modules have not caught up. So it is effectively scanning through all previous blocks to fill out the other databases it uses. On a computer with a beefy CPU and SSD, it takes ~1 hour to sync up, and on a weaker computer with an HDD, it can take around ~6 hours. 84 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-23.png) 85 | 86 | Now that it has loaded, you have to put your seed back in and click “unlock” 87 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-24.png) 88 | 89 | To begin renting go to the “Rent” tab 90 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-25.png) 91 | 92 | Then, based on the SiaStats pricing(I’d generally recommend taking the storage pricing on Siastats and multiplying it by 1.5), you’re gonna want to set your allowance to that. 93 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-26.png) 94 | 95 | Click on “Setup Allowance” 96 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-27.png) 97 | 98 | So go to the “Advanced” tab for a tad more control. 99 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-28.png) 100 | 101 | Now that you’re in the tab, you can edit the “Allowance Funds” in accordance to as described earlier, “Expected Storage” in accordance to how much you want to store, “Expected Download” to however much you presume you will download, and “Expected Upload” to roughly the same as expected storage(because you have to upload the data you store of course). 102 | 103 | > Keep in mind that the allowance is kinda fluid so you can always increase it later with no issues. Also, if you don’t put in enough funds, you will run out and not be able to download files anymore once uploaded(to troubleshoot common issues, see [here](/about/faq.html#troubleshooting)). 104 | 105 | Make sure to keep hosts set to 50, the contract period to three months, and the renew period to one month. To learn more about the technical side of how renting functions and why they must be set to this, see [here](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html). 106 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-29.png) 107 | 108 | Now that the allowance has been set, the final waiting game will commence. Only 10 contracts can be formed per block(each block takes 10 minuets to occur on average, too see the latest blocks see SiaStats). So to form the 50 contracts required to rent, it generally will take about an hour. You can begin to upload data at the 30 contract mark, but it will be very slow until it reaches 50 contracts. 109 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-30.png) 110 | 111 | Now that you have formed 50 contracts, you can begin to upload files by dragging creating a folder by right clicking and hitting “Create Folder” 112 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-31.png) 113 | 114 | Then name a folder and click “Create” 115 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-32.png) 116 | 117 | Now once in the folder, click on the up arrow and select a file with the file picker: 118 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-33.png) 119 | 120 | Give that a bit of time to upload 121 | ![](/static/assets/renting-on-sia/image-37.png) 122 | > Side note, the minimum file size on Sia is 40MB and the redundancy of `siac`(the underlying code that Sia-UI uses) is 3x, so no matter how small the file is, it takes up 40MB of paid space and 120MB of paid upload bandwidth to send it to three hosts. To understand why it’s like this, read [here](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html). 123 | 124 | 125 | And your file has now been uploaded to the decentralized web! 126 | 127 | For more info read around the site or check out the Sia Discord, we’re always here to help! 128 | 129 | --- 130 | *Written by: Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 131 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/sia/renting/useful-tools.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Useful Tools for Renting 2 | 3 | ## Decentralizer 4 | A tool for Sia renters that allows: 5 | 6 | * Micro-managing and data visualization about the formed contracts. 7 | * Creating filters of hosts, according to geolocation, Sia version, SiaStats performance score, pricing and/or manual selection. 8 | * Detection of hosting farms and unsafe hosts, allowing canceling contracts with them and/or filter them out. “Farms” represent multiple hosts sharing geolocation, most probably being controlled by the same operator. Centralization of hosts is problematic, as it implicates that redundant copies of the files are being stored in the same location (which defeats the purpose of the redundancy). It also exposes the renter to malicious hosts performing a sybil attack by denying access to files after controlling a large enough number of hosts. 9 | 10 | > Ready-to-use binaries for Windows, MacOS and Linux can be downloaded here: https://github.com/hakkane84/Decentralizer-GUI/releases 11 | 12 | > Users of headless servers or preferring command-line interfaces can use Decentralizer-CLI instead, which brings the same features: https://github.com/hakkane84/Decentralizer-CLI 13 | 14 | --- 15 | *Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/skynet/packaging-with-rift.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Packaging a Skapp with Rift and deploying it to Skynet 2 | 3 | ## Let's turn your App into a Skapp! 4 | 5 | This tutorial will show you how to use Rift to set up a resolver skylink, package your web app for Homescreen, and deploy it to Skynet. 6 | 7 | ### 1. Creating a resolver skylink 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | * (Optional) Log into your Skynet Portal. 12 | This will ensure your web app will stay pinned in the future. 13 | You can use [https://siasky.net](https://siasky.net) and sign up for a free account to pin up to 100GB worth of data. 14 | We will be using the `siasky.net` Portal for the rest of the tutorial, but please replace `.siasky.net` in the links if you are using a different Portal. 15 | 16 | * Visit [https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/dns](https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/dns). 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | * Make sure you are logged into your MySky account (top right button). 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | * Click the Add DNS Record button. 25 | 26 | * Enter a name for your app and a skylink. This is temporary. 27 | 28 | You can use the following skylink as a placeholder: 29 | 30 | `RAAsjQh2n1AMdesCr9wLYa73VqmzqmgVJ75ookOGyHDiDA` 31 | 32 | * Save. 33 | 34 | * Take note of the **resolver skylink** you have created. It will point to the **target skylink** of your choice. 35 | 36 | ### 2. Packaging your app for Homescreen and Skynet 37 | 38 | * Follow the instructions here to configure your Manifest file: 39 | 40 | [https://docs.siasky.net/integrations/homescreen/adding-homescreen-support-to-an-app#3-configure-your-manifest-file](https://docs.siasky.net/integrations/homescreen/adding-homescreen-support-to-an-app#3-configure-your-manifest-file). 41 | 42 | The skylink for the Manifest file is the **resolver skylink** you created in the previous step. 43 | 44 | Once your Manifest file is configured, your web app is ready to be deployed. 45 | 46 | ### 3. Deploying your app to Skynet 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | * Visit [https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/uploads](https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/uploads) and select the `directory` option. 51 | 52 | * Click on the box or drag and drop to upload the folder containing your web app. 53 | 54 | `Index.html` has to be present in the root of the folder. 55 | 56 | When the upload completes, you will obtain your **target skylink**. Take note of it. 57 | 58 | We will now point the **resolver skylink** you created in step 1 to this **target skylink**. 59 | 60 | ### 4. Updating your resolver skylink 61 | 62 | * Go to [https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/dns](https://riftapp.hns.siasky.net/#/dns) and click on the entry you created in the first step. 63 | 64 | * Update the **target skylink** to the skylink you obtained at the end of the previous step. 65 | 66 | * Save. 67 | 68 | * Voilà! Your web app is now packaged and ready for Homescreen. 69 | 70 | Now, let's make clickable media for users to easily add your app to Homescreen. 71 | 72 | ### 5. Creating clickable links and buttons 73 | 74 | * The following link will take users directly to Homescreen and prompt them to add your application. 75 | 76 | `https://homescreen.hns.siasky.net/#/skylink/[skylink]` 77 | 78 | * Replace [skylink] with the **resolver skylink** you created in step 1. 79 | 80 | * Make sure everything works and looks nice in Homescreen, so try visiting the link yourself! 81 | 82 | * Ta-da! You can now share this link with users. 83 | 84 | * You can also follow these instructions to make an `Add to Homescreen` button for your website or GitHub page: 85 | 86 | [https://docs.siasky.net/integrations/homescreen/adding-homescreen-support-to-an-app#4-add-the-homescreen-button-on-your-projects-readme](https://docs.siasky.net/integrations/homescreen/adding-homescreen-support-to-an-app#4-add-the-homescreen-button-on-your-projects-readme) 87 | 88 | ### 6. You're done! 89 | 90 | You have now packaged your web app for Homescreen and deployed it to Skynet. 91 | 92 | Users are now able to add your web app to Homescreen and stay up to date. 93 | 94 | If you update your web app, simply update the target skylink in Rift. 95 | 96 | Have fun deploying your apps to Skynet! 97 | 98 | *Written by: Napster, Last Edit: September 21, 2021* 99 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/skynet/sending-files.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Sending Large Files over Skynet 2 | Sending large files over the internet is a common task. There are safer and faster alternatives to wetransfer.com or FTP. Here’s how to use Skynet and SkySend. 3 | 4 | Filesharing is a daily need, be it in business or private. If you need to send large files to a remote colleague or just want to share a video from your last vacation with friends and family, there are common options like the specialized website wetransfer.com or cloud services like Dropbox and Google Drive. But these solutions are centralized and come with a natural twist. You have no guarantee that your files stay online every given second or the services won’t be hacked, giving cybercriminals access to your sensitive business or private files and personal data. 5 | 6 | In this tutorial, we will guide you through using Skynet as an alternative, the layer 2-solution of Sia network. If you want to send a file just once or for a limited time, Skynet offers great services without the need of a user registration. Encryption and file-splitting on a trustless decentralized network will ensure, you – and noone else – can obtain power over your data. 7 | 8 | We also cover Skynet accounts, with which you can store and share your files forever. At the end, you find a little comparison of the basic features and what to consider, when using any of the mentioned services in this article. 9 | 10 | ## Option #1: How to send up to 8 GB for free without registration 11 | Skynet offers different ways to easily send large files without registration. We focus on []()SiaSky and []()SkySend, since they are the first available services for filesharing on Skynet. These are simple solutions to upload your data and share them with anyone you like. For files smaller than 1GB, you can just use siasky.net. But if you need something more, in order to get around the size limitation, you need to use some app that achieves the same result, but differently. Such an app is []()SkySend developed by []()redsolver and you can send up to 8GB with it. 12 | 13 | But keep in mind: Both SiaSky and SkySend are not final at the time of writing. SiaSky is meant for quick filesharing purposes and doesn’t offer end-2-end encryption at the moment. For SkySend, the encryption still needs to be audited. So consider not to using these services for sensitive data for the time being. 14 | 15 | ### How to upload and share your files up to 1GB without registration (up to 90 days) 16 | * Visit Siasky(https://siasky.net/) and you’ll find a self-explanatory interface 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | * click on “Browse“ and choose a file for uploading from your device. If you want to send a bunch of files, which in total are less than 1GB, we recommend to pack them into one archive file, i.e. with 7-Zip. With 7-Zip you can also consider to protect your file or archive with a password to optimize security. 21 | * Depending on your internet connection, the upload will take some time. 22 | * You can also upload folders and then reference the individual files where needed by adding “/folder/index.html” after the skylink. 23 | 24 | Once your upload is complete, siasky.net will give you a Skylink. With this link, you or your colleagues, family and friends can download your file. Make sure to save the Skylink for up to 90 days, if you want to share your files again at a later point. After these 90 days, the file is not pinned on Skynet anymore, and thus gets lost. 25 | 26 | ### How to upload and share files up to 8GB without registration (up to 90 days) 27 | If you are in need of sending single files or archives up to 8GB, we recommend SkySend. Here’s how to use it for free and without any registration process: 28 | 29 | * Visit []()SkySend, you find a minimalistic interface which offers everything you need. 30 | * Click on “Browse” and choose your file for upload. Depending on the file-size and your internet connection, it can take a while. 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | * As you can see, the file is split and encrypted, giving you a maximum of security. 35 | * Once your upload has finished, you will get a link, that – as before – can be shared with anyone you like. 36 | * Make sure to save it for up to 90 days, if you want to share your files again at a later point. After these 90 days, the file is not pinned on Skynet anymore, and thus gets lost. 37 | 38 | > Both these approaches are sharing the limited availability for up to 90 days. If you ask why, it is because in both cases we are using the siasky.net portal for the actual upload. Just in the second case, the data is not uploaded by the siasky.net app, but by SkySend that does it differently – splits it into pieces that match the limit and creates a new skyfile with references to the pieces and code necessary to rebuild the file. But since the actual uploaded data goes through the same portal, it shares the same limitations for unregistered users. 39 | > 40 | > However, if you want to upload temporarily, this gives you the ability to use any portal you want. See our list here. 41 | 42 | ## Option #2: How to upload, store and share your files for lifetime 43 | You can sign-up for free on siasky.net, get 100 GB free cloud storage for lifetime and can share your files online with anyone within seconds – without any cost! For the time being, all you need is an email address and a password to get access to your personal dashboard. The dashboard gives you an overview of every upload and generated skylink that you have created while you were logged in. 44 | 45 | ### How to setup your Skynet account 46 | * Visit https://siasky.net/ and click on “Sign up now!“ 47 | * Provide an email address and choose a password to setup your account 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | * When you are logged in, any upload going through SiaSky.net will be collected on your dashboard with the appropriate Skylink. This includes not just SiaSky.net itself, but any Skynet app you are accessing through a SiaSky.net portal – like SkyID, Marstorage, SkyFeed, simply everything … 52 | 53 | > **Notice:** At the time being, SkySend-links are not visible on the SiaSky dashboard. **Skynet Labs are working on DAC** (Data Access Controller) and details will be revealed soon, which will allow Skapp developers to make it way cooler and easy to use. What does it mean for you right now? **If you use SkySend, make sure to save your SkySend-links separately, until DAC is integrated. Only SiaSky links can be obtained from the dashboard right now.** 54 | 55 | Your files are hosted for lifetime without any limit and can be shared for as long as you wish. If you ask how it is possible to get this all for free and for a lifetime, you should learn more about the Skynet monetization model. Best resource available right now is from the developers themselves: []()A Deep Dive into Skynet. 56 | 57 | > **Did you know?** As a free SiaSky user, you can use 7-Zip or any other similar program to split your own archives bigger than 8GB into pieces, each not bigger than 1GB (or 8GB in the future, after DAC has been deployed). If you want to avoid splitting files, consider to sign-up for one of the paid plans. They will give you even more freedom. Being logged in, you can check the **tiers and Skynet prices** on the appropriate site. 58 | > 59 | > Though keep in mind that the 1GB per-file-limit has not yet been lifted on portals. That should be next in line to change though. 60 | 61 | ## SiaSky & SkySend vs. WeTransfer, Google Drive and Dropbox 62 | The following table gives you an overview of storage capacities of SiaSky, SkySend and centralized competitors like WeTransfer, Google Drive and Dropbox. 63 | 64 | Service | SiaSky.net / SkySend | wetransfer.com| Google Drive | Dropbox 65 | -------------------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------|-----------------|-------- 66 | Developer | Skynet Labs / Sia Community | WeTransfer |Google | Dropbox 67 | Technology |decentralized(ish) | centralized | centralized |centralized 68 | Encryption | No / AES256 | AES256 | AES128 for storage| AES256 69 | Free transfer (without registration) | Yes | Yes (recepient and sender email required) | No | No 70 | File size limitation | 1 / 8GB | 2GB | 15GB | 2GB (100MB for sending) 71 | Storage (free use after registration)| 100GB | 2GB | 15GB | 2GB 72 | Hosting duration (free use) | unlimited with registration,90 days without it 7 days (10 downloads) | – | – 73 | Download speed | unlimited | unlimited | unlimited | unlimited 74 | 75 | ## Plans and features for paying users 76 | If you plan to use a storage solution for longterm, it’s worth to look into pricing and the available plans. This is, what the services offer: 77 | 78 | * SiaSky plans are simple. You get 100 GB for free. Beginning with $5/month for Skynet Plus, you can use 1TB. You get 4TB for $20/month with Skynet Pro and 20TB for $80/month with Skynet Extreme. 79 | * WeTransfer offers Pro subscription for 12$/month. That will only give you 1TB storage, but you can send files with 20GB in size which can be shared via email 50 times. 80 | * Google Drive has Google One as a paid plan, beginning at 1.99$/month for 100GB. That is a tenth of Skynet Plus’ storage capacity for 40% the price of the same Skynet plan. Further, Google gives you 200GB for 2.99$/month and 2TB for 9.99$/month. Comparing the highest tier of Google to Skynet Extreme in theory, you would have to pay 20% more for Google, to get the same amount of storage. 81 | * Dropbox Plus begins at 9.99$/month without extending your 2TB storage. The limit per transfer is set to 2GB. Concentrating on these numbers alone, the 16.99$/month-family-plan just gives another 5 users access to the same storage capacity. 82 | 83 | ## Conclusion 84 | SiaSky and SkySend – or in essence Sia’s layer two, Skynet – is your primary choice, if you don’t want your data being stored by a centralized corporation. Comparing storage capacity and price, SiaSky is within a throwing distance of the competitors in terms of price/performance, while allowing a fully open API for skapp devs to take advantage of. Skynet is in active development and new features will be added time after time. Read this guide to understand, [why do you need Skynet](/explore-skynet/you-need-skynet.html). 85 | 86 | --- 87 | *Written by: MLN284 & Danger, Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 88 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/guides/skynet/using-the-sdk.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Developing with Skynet 2 | 3 | Coming soon... 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Welcome to Skynet Guide! 2 | **Skynet Guide** is a community maintained knowledge base to help you on your journey through the decentralized world of **Sia** and **Skynet**. 3 | 4 | Sia is a layer 1 solution, decentralized storage. Anyone can become a renter (pays for storage) or a host (earns money by providing storage). Skynet builds on top of it and uses Sia as its backbone for layer 2 solution that can be best described as decentralized internet. 5 | 6 | The fact you are reading this right now means you are interested in Sia and Skynet, aware of at least one of these, and want to learn more because: 7 | 8 | - You like Sia, want to "invest" into SC and want to store your coins securely. In order to do that, check out **How does Sia and Skynet work** section and its guides, specifically [Trading](/siacoin/trading.html) and [Wallets](/siacoin/wallet.html). 9 | - You have unused storage on your drives, or are planning to buy some big drives and start providing that storage to others for money. Then continue to **Hosting - Get paid for your storage** section. 10 | - You want to use decentralized storage for private data backups and want to manage everything by yourself. In that case, you want to use Sia directly and check out **Renting - Using Sia for Private Backups** section. 11 | - You want to use decentralized storage for both public and private data backups, but not being limited to that. You also want to share files and benefit from everything that decentralized internet can offer to you. In that case, you are looking for Sia's extension called Skynet and its rapidly growing amount of content/apps where everything can interact and all your data are your own. Did you ever regret spending years to build your community and content on centralized platforms only to never be able to leave it and take everything with yourself. On Skynet, every piece of data belongs to the user and if some developers makes a better app, you can switch in a second. If this sounds good, see it for yourself how deep this rabbit hole goes and **Explore the Skynet, Decentralized Internet**. 12 | - Or you are a developer who want to expand the ecosystem and build awesome stuff. Then **Develop with Skynet** is the section you're looking for. 13 | 14 | This site is community-managed which means that anyone can contribute to it through our GitHub. It has been created by several members of Sia Community to help newcomers but also seasoned users find answers to any questions they might have. Each article goes through reviews by our [Contributors](/about/contributors.html) and represents our shared views and knowledge. It is our aim to provide all possible resources in order for you to make educated decision when it comes to using Sia and Skynet. 15 | 16 | Version of this site you are seeing now is third iteration as it went through complete content update and refactoring in late October 2021. 17 | Since Skynet Guide uses automatic deployment to Skynet whenever a change is made, you can always access it no matter what either in centralized way at [skynet.guide](https://skynet.guide) or fully decentralized way via HNS domain and Skynet Portal at [sky-guide.hns.siasky.net](https://sky-guide.hns.siasky.net/). 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/sia/foundation.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # Sia Foundation 3 | The Sia network hardforked at beginning of 2021 to implement the Sia Foundation: a new non-profit entity led by Luke Champine that builds and supports distributed cloud storage infrastructure, with a specific focus on the Sia storage platform. 4 | 5 | >This fork activated at a block height 298,000 which happened on **February 3rd 2021**. 6 | 7 | If you want to know more about Sia Foundation, check out [Introduction to Sia and Skynet](/tech/introduction.html). 8 | 9 | ## Communication 10 | --- 11 | 12 | Official way to communicate with The Sia Foundation is through the Sia Forum. Not discord, reddit or twitter. The Sia Forum is the right place to post your suggestions and be sure that they will be considered and receive an official response. You can also find Luke’s launch post here. 13 | 14 | ## Sia Foundation Tracker 15 | The Sia Foundation Tracker is a 3rd-party web app that tracks incoming and outgoing transactions to the Sia Foundation’s block subsidy addresses. Built and maintained by Sia Central. 16 | 17 | > “The Sia Foundation is a non-profit corporation that maintains, improves, and promotes the Sia distributed storage network. It was founded in 2020 and is funded by a perpetual subsidy built into the Sia protocol. All code, research, educational materials, and other products of the Foundation’s work will be made available to the public free of charge and under open-source licenses.” – Sia Foundation 18 | 19 | 20 | ## Fork that introduced Sia Foundation 21 | --- 22 | 23 |
24 | 25 | The Sia Foundation proposal 26 | 27 |
Proposal: The Sia Foundation from r/siacoin
28 | 29 |
30 |
31 | 32 | 33 |
34 | 35 | What is the hard fork? 36 | 37 | Hard fork is event when new version of software is released and it has different “rules”. It results in two seperate blockchains, where one is being used by those who do not update and continue using old version. And the new blockchain that is using the new version. In this case, Sia is forking to introduce changes to the block reward. 38 | 39 | Up to the point in time before its activation, both blockchains have identical history. It is as if someone duplicated it. If you held for example 1000 SC before, you will now have 1000 SC (which are actually 1000 SCC) on legacy blockchain and 1000 SC on the new one. But they are not the same, community usually gives them different tickers to distinguish them, like SC and SCC. 40 | 41 | Does it mean you will have double the amount of SC? No. You will have twice the coins, but each set of coins is on a seperate network and all new transactions can only be on one chain. Let’s look at one good example from Sia’s own history. The fork in 2018 resulted in two chains: Sia (after update, used by versions 1.3.7 and higher, let’s call it SC after its currency) and the legacy one (used by those who didn’t update, which was called SCC(there were also other forks, but they're not important here)). 42 | 43 | If you had SC before the fork, when the network split happened, you had same history (seed, blocks, addresses, transactions) on both blockchains, but after that moment, each blockchain went own way. That means you had same amount of different coins that weren’t compatible with each other – if you made transaction with SCC after the fork or mined coins on SCC chain, they would only exist on SCC blockchain, not on Sia. And vice versa. 44 |
45 | Since this fork was well accepted by vast majority of the communitythere is no legacy chain expected to survive. You can still access your legacy coins if you use the old wallet software at any point in future, but there will be no one who continues using it. In other words, it will(in all likelyhood) be worthless. 46 |
47 |
48 |
49 | 50 | --- 51 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: October 26, 2021* 52 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/sia/history.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # History of Sia 2 | Sia initially started as an idea by David Vorick in 2013 that he was discussing over email with Luke Champine, calling it “*the Nimbus network*”. After writing the first draft of the whitepaper in September (called “*Bytecoin*”), David shared it with college friends who together with Luke began programming a prototype. The project was then renamed once more to `Sia`*(the Egyptian god of perception, pronounced [sigh-uh])*. 3 | 4 | It met with positive response on BitcoinTalk, and so David decided to work on Sia full-time as a startup. Together with Luke they applied for Y Combinator, a startup accelerator, and got through the initial screen but were ultimately rejected as the project would take much longer to build than anticipated. 5 | 6 | They didn’t have to wait for their chance much longer. After one BitcoinTalk user abused David’s hand-drawn diagrams in order to fraudulently raise money, it was clear that there is enough interest to raise money via crowdfunding. 7 | 8 | Not only was the crowdfunding successful, it also helped them with raising contacts and getting introduced to **Jim Pallota** and their first traditional investment funding. They formally incorporated `Nebulous, Inc.`, and soon after sold `Sianotes`, later convertible to `Siafunds` (*a supplementary token of the Sia network, see more in [Tokenomics guide](/siacoin/tokenomics.html)*). 9 | 10 | 11 | But Sia was a very different project back then. It used Proof of Storage consensus instead of the current Proof of Work (*explained in [Introduction to Sia](/tech/introduction.html)*), hosts were grouped into “*quorum*” that were responsible for storing users’ files, and the wallet was also fully scriptable. 12 | 13 | Ultimately, David discovered issues in the Proof of Storage algorithm that forced them to start over, but thanks to David’s participation in the Bitcoin core developer community around that time, he became able to understand the unique challenges of cryptocurrencies and use this knowledge to lay a path towards the efficient and well-designed Sia platform as we know it today. 14 | 15 | The re-created Sia was heavily inspired by Bitcoin, but improving some of its known deficiencies and using a transaction type that enables `storage contracts` *(digital contracts between those providing storage and paying for storage*). It became formalized in the second whitepaper titled *“Sia: Simple Decentralized Storage”* in November 2014 and the beta version was publicly released six months later with the `genesis block` being created on June 6th, 2015 at 10:13 EST. 16 | 17 | The development continued over the years and steady progress was made through the **1.3.x** series. Despite many required workarounds, around that time some companies started working on first products using Sia. Today, you can see some of them in our Discover section. In 2018, many other interesting events happened. There was another Siafund offering and also development of ASICs being announced to the Sia network in form of the Obelisk project during summer 2017. This was in order to move on from GPU mining and provide better security to it and had heavy support from entire community. 18 | 19 | >**Important part of Sia’s mining history** 20 | > 21 | >There were some hints late in 2017 but majority of the Sia community was surprised when early in 2018 Bitmain announced its Sia ASIC, Antminer A3 shipping in January. While inferior to the expected Obelisk SC1 miner, Bitmain probably wanted to be the dominant player in ASIC industry and as soon as Sia publicly announced its Obelisk plans, they rushed in using their facilities and knowledge and managed to ship inefficient but working ASIC as first to market. Community discussed the potential fork right away but we didn’t know the truth back then, so these miners were allowed to the network. However, just few months later thanks to research of the community it was clear what happened. Bitmain created many times more units than was healthy and killed everyone’s ROI (Return Of Investment) and by everyone I mean their own customers. Later it was discovered that Bitmain was mining for months on these units before dumping them to the customers. Sadly enough, there was only winner, Bitmain. 22 | > 23 | >Few months later, another manufacturer appeared with way stronger Innosilicon S11 miner and even if many miners still think today that Sia bricked their A3 with the following fork, the reality is simple – Innosilicon’s miners turned A3 into unprofitable devices long time before the fork even happened. In any case, even these miners were allowed to participate until it became clear during the summer that nearly 50% of all block rewards is going into single wallet address that doesn’t even try to hide it. What did it mean? This manuafacturer was not only selling expensive hardware to its customers, it cheated them second time by competing with them by running majority of network’s hashrate themselves. When the community realized what is going on, the decision to fork the network was inevitable. The community wrote a proposal that was well accepted, however different users had different ideas and the final look of fork was in hands of Sia core team. It was them who enabled Obelisk SC1 to be able of algorithm switch and while this change was pretty simple, it was enough to invalidate all other ASICs on the Sia network while still having at least one ASIC running to provide strong security. 24 | > 25 | >This fork happened on November 1, 2018 and was clear message from the community to the manufacturers to focus on manufacturing and selling, not competing with own customers. Also to provide sales numbers and be more transparent so miners can make educated decisions. Today (in 2021) there are devices from multiple companies mining on the network. 26 | 27 | In 2019, Sia released version is **1.4.0** with codename `Draco` that was an important milestone in the history and probably the biggest release since 2015. Everyone could notice the complete visual redesign of Sia-UI, but even more happened under the hood, making Sia faster, more robust and ready for the features we’ve been waiting so long for. 28 | 29 | The most important feature was introduced in version **1.4.2** that followed soon after. This feature was seed-based file recovery and allowed renters to take a snapshot of their backups and then recover from these backups on any computer just by using their seed. 30 | 31 | Luke Champine also introduced `us` framework, a low level alternative API for Sia. While requiring more work from third party developers, it gives them way more freedom how to use Sia. 32 | 33 | >A question we occasionally see is: **why Siacoin is not an Ethereum token?** It is because Sia was actually created before Ethereum existed. But even if it did exist, Sia is a very complex project and has specific requirements that only own unique blockchain and cryptocurrency can meet. It’s also a way to avoid dependency on some outside project or influence, or another network that can be bogged down by a thousand other projects. 34 | 35 | At the beginning of 2020, version **1.4.3** brought us `Skynet`, first building blocks of decentralized internet letting us to upload and easily share any content – static web pages and data to start with. While the most of the development through the year was focused at it, Sia also went through a lot of performance and stability improvements including some important bug fixes. **1.4.4** then added support for uploading directories, encrypting skylinks, unpinning and deletion of skynet files and this trend continued in next versions. 36 | 37 | Next major version was **1.5.0** known as `Equinox`. 38 | 39 | `SiaMux` was added (multiplexer of connections that reduces the latencies of the communications between hosts and renters), also `Handshake` was integrated (decentralized domains allowing you to access Skynet content by human-readable links instead of hashes) and `Ephemeral Accounts` (payment channel technology allowing low latency and higher bandwidth for data transfers between hosts and renters). 40 | 41 | This release was massive increase for scalability of Skynet, allowing Skynet Portals to handle 100x more traffic. It also activated `Renter-Host Protocol v3 (RHP3)` which allows faster and more efficient data transfers and is a foundation of many features of the Sia network. One of such features is the ability to host dynamic content. 42 | 43 | In November 2020, Sia **1.5.1** introduced `the Skynet Registry`, a database layer on hosts that powers `SkyDB`, a mutable decentralized database that any app can use. 44 | 45 | In early 2021 **1.5.3** with various improvements and fixes to recently added features. **1.5.4** is currently in testing with more fixes on the way as well as new features. This is also leading up to **1.5.5** where the Foundation fork will occur; Sia development will be directed by changes in two directions: Sia Foundation will continue improving Sia core tech in directions most requested by the Sia community as host stability, small file support or reduction of blockchain requirements with Utreexo. Skynet Labs will focus on Skynet and getting more developers and users. 46 | 47 | In middle of 2021 **1.5.6** was released splitting the Foundation `siad` codebase away from the Skynet `skyd` codebase, followed by **1.5.7** in September that brought some important host fixes and updated list of bootstrap peers. 48 | 49 | The team is currently focusing on two major things. Integration of **Utreexo** and **Hosting** experience improvements (hosting should eventually become easy enough that you don't need to study technical details deeply in order to avoid mistakes). These two are expected to render Sia-UI obsolete so part of it should also be a **new user interface**. It's for sure that next major update (1.7.0?) will be one of the biggest since 1.4.0, if not the biggest update ever. 50 | 51 | --- 52 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: October 26, 2021* 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/sia/tools.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Tools 2 | ## Hosting & Renting 3 | 4 | You can find these in our dedicated sections for Hosting and Renting. 5 | 6 | ## Released 7 | 8 | ### Siasync 9 | Siasync is a utility that will monitor a folder and synchronize its contents to the Sia network. As new files are created or removed it will keep Sia in sync with the local source folder. Siasync also supports more advanced features like only syncing certain file extensions, or excluding certain file extensions, or archive mode which won’t delete files from Sia even if they are deleted locally. Best of all, it works on Windows, MacOS, and Linux. 10 | 11 | ### Repertory 12 | Repertory allows you to mount Sia blockchain storage solution via FUSE on FreeBSD/FreeNAS/Linux/MacOS or via WinFSP on Windows. 13 | 14 | ## In Development 15 | ### Papyrus 16 | A simplified and modern UI to the Sia network build with the `us` framework. 17 | 18 | --- 19 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: May 4, 2021* 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/siacoin/explorers.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Blockchain Explorers 2 | Building a blockchain explorer is no easy task and due to lack of resources, Nebulous Labs (now Skynet Labs) never got around to it. Gladly, prominent community member hakkane stepped in and built the following explorer for the community to enjoy. 3 | 4 | ### SiaStats 5 | 6 | 7 | ![Siastats Website](../static/assets/discover/siastats.png) 8 | 9 | 10 | --- 11 | *Written by: Danger, Covalent, figurestudios & Delivator, Last Edit: August 5, 2021* 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/siacoin/mining-guide.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Mining Guide 2 | First of all, you should know that mining is one of the most competitive activitites one can do. Miners are using expensive hardware (ASIC – Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) in order to race to find a special sequence of characters (called hash) purely by luck. Of course, you can get the luck on your side or join forces with others and split the reward each time your group (called Mining Pool) is successful. Let’s look at it in more detail. 3 | 4 | ## What is blockchain? 5 | Blockchain is nothing special, it is just kind of database where data are contained in structures called blocks and they are added on top of each other in a way that makes it impossible to change any block without changing all of the following blocks. 6 | 7 | What is making blockchain unique and amazing technology is decentralization. Blockchains like Bitcoin or Sia are decentralized which means that if you want to change anything, you need to get all computers participating in the network to agree with the change, which is practically impossible. That’s why it is called immutable. 8 | 9 | When it comes to new blocks, they need to be validated by the network as well. Each node validates it separately and if it finds ok, it adds it to own copy of blockchain. 10 | 11 | ## How are blocks created? 12 | Whenever a transaction happens on the network, it is added to a transaction pool. That’s a special place a miner looks into and adds the transactions to a block. And at the same time he constantly attempts to find a matching hash – one that will work as signature for block’s content. This involves a lot of luck and is a reason why it sometimes takes a minute to find a block and sometimes 30 minutes or rarely more. 13 | 14 | This process is called Proof of Work (PoW) and is one of the best consensus mechanics since it guarantees that in order to find the blocks, a lot of computation (hashrate) needs to be happen. 15 | 16 | Let’s introduce a constant now, block time = 10 minutes. You might think “But the blocks are never found every 10 minutes!” and you are right. This time is used to keep track of mining schedule. If a lot of hashrate connects to the network suddenly (it is common each time new ASIC is manufacturer), miners will start finding blocks in very fast succession. 17 | 18 | But if you are worried this means that with more hashrate you can make too many coins quickly, you are wrong. This is where difficulty and the schedule comes into play. Difficulty is special kind of value that increases when blocks are found ahead of the schedule and decreases when it’s behind. This change happens every single block (unlike for Bitcoin where it happens in specific intervals) and means that if a lot of blocks was found quickly (for example 1-3 minutes), next blocks will take much longer (can be 20-60 minutes). And that’s all thanks to the difficulty value that directly affects the chance that valid hash is found in relation to the available hashrate. 19 | 20 | And the most important part is… only the one miner that found the hash, signed the block and broadcasted the block to network gets the block reward. 21 | 22 | After that, process repeats with new block. Over and over. 23 | 24 | ## What are you telling me? That I need to find the block myself? 25 | > No, Neo. I’m trying to tell you that when you’re ready, you won’t have to. 26 | 27 | That’s one option. Some miners run their ASICs as kind of lottery. If you know that network hashrate (can find in [Network Metrics](/tech/network-metrics.html)) is 8,600 TH/s and you have one miner with 2.2 THS hashrate, it means you are 1 / 3909 of the total hashrate. In other words, you should find roughly 1 block per 3909 blocks, which can be translated to 27 days. Of course, due to the luck factor, you can find 3 blocks in a week or no block in 3 months. But usually over longer period of time this gets quite accurate. Especially if you run more miners than one. 28 | 29 | And that gets us to the Mining Pools. These are special sites where you get the address of the server and then use it in configuration of your miner. Each computation (share) of your miner is sent to the pool and this allows many miners to co-operate. It is very fair since the mining pool knows exactly how many shares who sent (miners with higher hashrate will contribute more) and the rewards are then distributed fairly according to the number of shares submitted by you in relation to the total number of shares submitted by everyone using the same pool. 30 | 31 | Now that we covered the principles, let’s look at what should you do. 32 | 33 | ## Should I start mining? 34 | This really depends on what is your **goal**. 35 | 36 | **If you want to help the ecosystem to be more secure and hashrate better distributed**, just go on. You should make sure you don’t do it at a loss since your electricity is likely more expensive at home than for those who run it in colocation centers. And if you do, then at least try to find secondary use to it. Since ASICs generate a lot of heat, many miners use single or multiple units for heating of their homes and garages. In that case always take safety measures and don’t hesitate to ask others for help. Also you should know that ASICs are making A LOT of noise. 37 | 38 | **If you want to do it for profit**, you need to do a lot of research, preparation and calculation. There is cost to everything – Hardware, Hosting / Location, Electricity. Since miners can relocate (they are heavy but can be moved) quite easily, you need to select right location and that will allow you to get cheap electricity and renting cost. You can also go for renewable sources of energy. Those have higher initial cost but allow you to run the miners for their entire lifetime (until they break). Popular choices are hydropower or solar power plants. Or you can just send your ASICs to one of many colocation centers and let someone else handle the maintenance, noise, repairs, etc. at fixed price rate. 39 | 40 | > There is one special term that every miner knows well – `Return of Investment (ROI)`. You should always keep in ming in how much time you can recover your initial investment. 41 | 42 | Also keep in mind it’s all very risky. Some manufacturing companies in the past didn’t hesitate to kill the ROI of own customers by over-producing units so much that only the manufacturer ever did any profit. There were also many miners that were promised and accepted pre-orders but never delivered. You should always verify that what you pay for is a real thing and that manufacturer doesn’t play against you. 43 | 44 | If you decided that you want to start mining, best you can do is probably to join Sia Foundation discord and ask in #mining channel for up to date hardware recommendations. You can also learn from others how to buy and setup a miner and what to be careful about. 45 | 46 | --- 47 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: October 26, 2021* 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/siacoin/trading.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Trading 2 | This guide will introduce you to how to buy and sell Siacoin and Siafund. While **IT IS NOT MEANT AS FINANCIAL ADVICE**, it will try to get you familiar with most of the knowledge that our contributors accumulated during the years spent in crypto world. Maybe it helps you to do better educated decisions instead of rushed ones. 3 | 4 | ## Where to buy Siacoin (SC)? 5 | You can buy Siacoin on many exchanges. There are three options: 6 | 7 | - Buy SC with BTC, this is supported by majority of exchanges and is the simplest option if you have - BTC or can get some (on same, or different exchange) 8 | - Buy SC with ETH or other altcoins that your exchange offers in pair with SC 9 | - Buy SC with fiat (USD, EUR, etc.) 10 | 11 | Not all of these options are available on all exchanges, but many exchanges offer them. **You can find list of exchanges** here. You can also check [](/)CoinMarketCap. 12 | 13 | *You can also visit the Sia discord and ask in #trading channel for help to get assistance from other users with up to date information. This might be especially useful for NY residents who have more complicated access to crypto due to their regulation.* 14 | 15 | Most of the recommended exchanges allow users to directly buy crypto for fiat currency. Some let you buy SC directly (for example Transak, but it is not an traditional exchange, it is fiat/crypto gateway), with others you need to buy BTC or ETH first and then trade it for SC. 16 | 17 | >Most often used exchanges by our english speaking community are Binance, Bittrex and Kraken and quite popular among Koreans seems to be Upbit. 18 | 19 | If you decided what exchange you will use, continue with [Getting Verified](#getting-verified) or skip directly to [Market Orders](#market-orders). 20 | 21 | ## Where to buy Siafund (SF)? 22 | Since there is not many Siafunds and they are rather expensive asset, they are quite illiquid and there is only few trades happening per year. This asset doesn’t change hands frequently. 23 | 24 | One way to get these is by using Bisq, decentralized exchange. Other way is on official Sia discord where you can use Escrow to assist you. If you’re not sure, you can always ask there in #siafund channel and get help. However, be aware to never continue in conversation with someone who contains you first, even if he has picture and name of known person (like moderator or developer). These are scammers. You should always be the one who checks the user list and color (role on server cannot be faked) and initiates such discussion. 25 | 26 | >Remember that sending SF is same as sending SC. They can be sent in same transaction as SC since the Sia blockchain supports both of these tokens. If you get to own one, you need to pay extra attention when sending SC to not accidentally select SF because once you own SF, it will start appearing in your Sia-UI wallet (only wallet that supports it currently). 27 | 28 | ## Getting Verified 29 | As vast majority of exchanges is regulated, so called KYC is required. It stands for Know Your Customer and exchanges are required by law to know your identity in order to provide you any service. 30 | 31 | You will be asked to provide documents proving your identity like scans of ID and additional resources for the exchange to be sure it is not a fake person or an impostor. This step of guide is here to let you know this is standard and required procedure. Some Exchanges even have mobile apps that will make entire experience much simpler and user friendly for you. 32 | 33 | Once verified, it is also great idea to enable `2-Factor-Authentication` on the Exchange. You can usually select between `SMS` and `Google Authenticator`. And since there were many victims of attackers that called to user’s operator and got control of user’s phone number due to poor security of said operators, it is recommended to go with the Google Authenticator option. 34 | 35 | >It is also a good practice to securely store the seed used for the Google Authenticator’s code generator so you can get to it when needed in case you lost your device. To learn more about storing such values scurely check our [Secure Seed Management guide](/guides/seed-management.html). 36 | 37 | ## Market Orders 38 | Markets are tools for discovery of the price. Market is a place where supply and demand meets and affects price of an asset. This is done by using so called orders. Many of these are made by people and even more by bots that balance the prices between different exchanges and markets. Whenever there is price move, there is an opportunity and this process is called arbitraging. 39 | 40 | Whenever you want to buy, you create Buy Order. When you want to sell, you create Sell Order. There are multiple types of these such as Limit, Market. 41 | 42 | >There are also leveraged orders allowing you to trade with borrowed assets while you provide only part of it. For example, if the you buy with 10x leverage, you can easily double your assets if price moves up by 10% (100/10), but you can lose it all when it moves down by 10% as well. Such event is called forced liquidation and it means you lost your “bet”. Exchange automatically liquidates your position in order to pay back the asset you lost and return it to those who lended it to you through automated process. **We do not recommend leverage trading, since you can easily lose everything.** 43 | 44 | Let’s focus on the most common orders. **Limit orders** let you specify conditions at which the order will be filled. Once you create such order, you will be able to see it in the order book where it will stay until someone fills it with counter-order with same price. This can happen instantly if such order already exists or it might not happen ever. Some orders can be not realistical and will never met with anyone to fill it. 45 | 46 | If you are not sure, easiest way is to just use **Market Buy Order** or **Market Sell Order**. You just specify the amount you want and you will instantly buy or sell at best prices according to already existing orders. 47 | 48 | Your coins will then appear in the Wallet section. If you want to know how to store, send and receive them, check our [Siacoin Wallets guide](/siacoin/wallet.html). 49 | 50 | ## Mistakes to avoid 51 | - **Don’t access exchange links from third party sources.** Be aware that fake exchange links can appear even on google search as paid advertisement. Bookmark your exchange and use that. You can avoid this issue getting used to official mobile apps. 52 | - **Never trust anyone and never talk about your crypto unless aware of consequences.** You can become a target of social engineering. 53 | - **When asked by anyone, think about it twice – if it’s too good to be true, it probably isn’t.** Someone might contact you because he can’t get to his BTC and if you help him, he can split it with you. But there is always an catch. Don’t go for it. And if you ever got email from someone asking for ransom because he got access to your computer and made intimate photos, don’t trust it. It’s just smart spam hoping that someone will get afraid, get some BTC and send it to the scammer. 54 | - **Don’t participate in so called pumps & dumps or get tricked to invest in so called shitcoins.** Always try to look through the curtain, think about motivation of others. While Bitcoin and Sia are solid projects, not many others are. They are always looking for the next moron that drives the price higher – and then they dump it on you. 55 | - **Be greedy when others are fearful, be fearful when others are greedy.** How to understand this? Try to zoom out. If you see some asset just went through exponential growth and everyone, including your non-crypto friends and family talks about it with excitement, be careful and try to look for market indicators that professional traders use since the trend reversal or price correction might be imminent. This is called buying at the top and you can ask 2017 traders how did they feel about buying at $20,000. In long term it didn’t matter, but in short term you will panic and be devastated. Opposite of this is selling at the bottom. While this is not a financial advice, looking at the Siacoin market clearly shows 3 year long bear market and majority of traders is probably very fearful. Is this time to get greedy? Your call. We can only provide you with resources for project with the most advanced technology and best looking fundamentals in entire crypto space. 56 | 57 | --- 58 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 59 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/siacoin/wallet.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Siacoin Wallets 2 | This guide will introduce you to different ways how to store your SC. Of course, you can always keep it on exchange, but why doing so? We don’t think you care about decentralization so much to come here and start researching it only to end up leaving your precious coins then on centralized exchange where you can never be sure what happens to it. 3 | 4 | Don’t hesitate, don’t be afraid of getting it under your own control. We are here to help you and you will be glad of making this step rather sooner than late. 5 | 6 | >Quick Links: How to store Siacoin? ([Sia-UI](#sia-ui), [Sia Central](#sia-central)), [How to receive SC?](#how-to-receive-siacoin), [How to send SC](#how-to-send-siacoin)? 7 | 8 | ## How to store Siacoin? 9 | ### Sia-UI 10 | **Available for**: Windows, MacOS, Linux 11 | 12 | `Sia-UI` is the official and recommended way of accessing you Sia Wallet. It is the visual layer *(also known as UI, or User Interace)* on top of `Siad` *(Sia Daemon)*, software that is operated by many users around the globe and pumping life to the constantly running Sia network. 13 | 14 | >If you are looking for CLI (Command Line Interface) instead, check our Mastering Sia with CLI guide. 15 | 16 | 1. First thing to do is to visit the website and **download latest version of Sia-UI** for your `OS (Operating System)`. This guide is written for 1.4.0 or higher at the time of 1.5.3 being the latest version available. 17 | 2. **Launch Sia-UI** and once you see the options to create wallet or recover it from a seed, select the option to **Create Wallet**. It will present you with 29-word seed and force you to write it down. This 29-word seed is the only information you will ever need to regain access to your wallet. 18 | 3. **Save your 29-word seed** in a `password manager` of your choice to make sure it's secure and available after a possible system faliure (see [Secure Seed Management guide](/guides/seed-management.html)). You can also include any notes like where to download it or copy/paste content or link of this article. 19 | 4. **Backup your `password manager‘s` database**. Once you save this new item in your database under name like “Sia Wallet [Seed]”, what I usually do is to duplicate that item and name it “Sia Wallet [Seed Backup]”. Just in case you ever accidentally deleted any of these two. Then save the database, update it’s timestamp like “KeePass_01_05_19” and save it to all the places and devices you decided to. Two are absolute minimum, 3–4 work best. 20 | 5. Unlock your wallet by entering the seed into the password field. Once you do so, you can click more and then **change your password**. Just remember that it will work only locally on this specific computer and only until you load any wallet from the seed again. If you ever get into situation when your password is not accepted and you are 100% sure it was your password, just enter your seed in format `word1 word2 word3 … word27 word28 word29`. 21 | 6. Congratulations, you’ve successfully created Sia wallet and are ready to receive your first Siacoins (SC). 22 | 23 | Right now you can already generate wallet address by clicking **Receive** but you will still need to be 100% synced in order to see any incoming transaction and be able to send some. 24 | 25 | >Let’s say **you want to know what to do if you lose your custom password** . That’s easy, just load your wallet from your seed and then enter your seed again when asked for password. Because the seed is your default password after loading a wallet from a seed. You can find answers in our detailed [FAQ](/about/faq.html). 26 | 27 | >**If you already had an earlier Sia-UI version installed on your computer**, you might run into some issues with synchronization due to past hard forks. In such case, remember that your seed is the key and Sia-UI just a tool that can work only when it has correctly synchronized data. You can always re-sync to correct blockchain and get access to your wallet just by clearing it’s data, installing latest version, letting it sync and then using it to load wallet from a seed. It is called clean installation and you can find instructions in our [FAQ](/about/faq.html). 28 | 29 | >**If you want to have multiple wallets** and switch between them time from time, these two commands will be useful for you: `wallet init --force` instantly creates new wallet and shows you new seed, while `wallet init-seed --force` lets you load your existing wallet from a seed. You can use these from Terminal inside Sia-UI and remember that the expected password then is going to be the same as your seed. It is not recommended to try to run same wallet on multiple computers at once, especially if you are hosting or renting. 30 | 31 | >Blockchain can usually hold just one currency and cannot be mixed with another one or even separate forks (having own unique currency since that point). But in case of Sia there is one exception. It is the supplementary token known as **Siafund** (SF) and Sia wallet can hold both SC and SF. You can read more about Siafund in [Tokenomics](/siacoin/tokenomics.html). 32 | 33 | ### Sia Central 34 | **Available for**: Any platform with Web Browser 35 | 36 | Sia Central Lite Wallet was introduced in 2020 by Community member **Nate**, author of Sia Host Manager. It is the most user friendly way of sending and receiving Siacoins. 37 | 38 | It lets you use it straight away from your browser without syncing anything. You just enter your seed or create new one and that’s it. While it is secure and your seed never leaves your computer, it is only as secure as your computer is. 39 | 40 | Fortunately, it has a feature that lets every user enjoy top tier security. It supports Ledger App so your seed never leaves you hardware wallet and you can use it securely even if you’re not friendly with technologies. 41 | 42 | You can find detailed guide including pictures here: Sending Siacoins with Ledger Nano S. 43 | 44 | ### Other Wallets 45 | If you found a Sia wallet not mentioned in this list, you should pay increased attention. While there were some working wallets in the past (there was/is one for Android that even allowed you to sync blockchain), there were also some scams. Even if it’s not so comfortable as getting such third party wallet on platform of your preference, it is recommended to use one of the options above. 46 | 47 | With Sia Foundation taking over further development of Sia starting in 2020, it is expected that in the next year Sia will get `Utreexo` introduced, a feature dramatically reducing blockchain requirements and making sync times nearly instant. It is seen as pre-requisite for turning every single device including your phone into Sia node and opening of new world of possibilities. 48 | 49 | ## How to receive Siacoin? 50 | ### Receiving at Exchange 51 | Find `Wallet` or `Deposit` section and select coin you want to receive (`deposit`). You will know you did it right when it shows you wallet address and by double checking it you can confirm that the coin is really Siacoin (SC). Copy this address into `clipboard` and remember few of its first and last characters. Then provide this `wallet address` to person or wallet you want to receive coins from. 52 | 53 | >If you are the recipient and you are just sending coins between your different wallets, continue with the following section [How to send Siacoin?](#how-to-send-siacoin) and copy/paste (and then check if it is correct) this value into `wallet address` (sometimes called `recipient's address`) field. 54 | 55 | >**It is good idea to never keep your coins on Exchange** unless you are trading actively and you know what you are doing. It is rather rare today but many exchanges in the past ended up with users losing their assets. When you have coins on Exchange, they are not really yours since you don’t have the seed (private key). It is very similar to your bank account, the money are not yours. It is the bank that keeps them and allows you access it through its system. If that system goes down, what will you do? You can prevent this scenario by keeping coins in your own wallet out of exchanges. 56 | 57 | ### Receiving with Sia-UI or Sia Central 58 | When your wallet is unlocked, just find the `Receive` button (in Sia-UI it is under Wallet section) and see the wallet address generated. Then provide this `wallet address` to person or wallet you want to receive coins from. 59 | 60 | >This wallet address was generated with your seed (private key) and any transaction sent to it will belong to it. It means that if you recover your wallet on other computer from seed, you will see your coins again. You don’t need anything but your seed. Losing your seed means loss of access to your coins and no one can help you so make sure to store it securely. Feel free to check our guide about [Secure Seed Management](/guides/seed-management.html). 61 | 62 | >If you use Sia-UI, you won’t see the incoming transaction until 100% synced. This process can take a lot of time, even up to a week if you don’t have SSD drive. If it’s your case, check our [FAQ](/about/faq.html) for **How can I get synced faster**? 63 | 64 | ## How to send Siacoin? 65 | ### Sending from Exchange 66 | Even if every exchange is different and buttons can have different labels, basics are all the same. You need to find `Wallet` or `Withdrawal` section and select a coin you want to send (`withdraw`). Once you do so, you need to enter recipient’s Siacoin `wallet address`. Remember always to double or triple check the address that it matches the one you want to send it to. Fast way to do so is to check first and last characters so you know for sure you didn’t miss any. 67 | 68 | ### Sending from Sia-UI 69 | Click `Wallet` tab on the left side and then `Send` in the middle area that opens. **Make sure you are 100% synchronized**, otherwise it won’t work. Also make sure you are running latest version of Sia-UI since there was a fork at version 1.5.4. 70 | 71 | >If you had Sia-UI previously installed, didn’t update before February 2020 and launched any older version first, you are most likely on wrong blockchain and experiencing issues with transactions. You will need to re-sync in order to fix it. In such case continue check **How to re-sync Sia-UI in** our [FAQ](/about/faq.html). 72 | 73 | If everything is ok, you can send Siacoin easily by specifying `amount` of SC you want to send and `wallet address` you want to send it to. Just make sure to not send full balance. You need to leave tiny amount of SC so there is enough left to cover transaction fees. Easiest way to do so is to send 0.5 – 1 SC less than full balance. 74 | 75 | ### Sending from Sia Central 76 | This option is great since it allows you near instant access. No need to sync blockchain and you can quickly load any seed. 77 | 78 | Once your wallet is unlocked, just click Send and specify `recipient's address` and `amount` you want to send. Sia Central will let you know about transaction fee and remaining balance. 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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/tech/introduction.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Introduction to Sia and Skynet 2 | **Sia is a layer 1 solution, decentralized storage**. Anyone can become a renter (pays for storage) or a host (earns money by providing storage). 3 | **Skynet builds on top of it** and uses Sia as its backbone for **layer 2** solution that can be best described as **decentralized internet**. 4 | 5 | The fact you are reading this right now means you are interested in Sia and Skynet, aware of at least one of these, and want to learn more because: 6 | 7 | - You like Sia, want to "invest" into SC and want to store your coins securely. In order to do that, check out **How does Sia and Skynet work** section and its guides, specifically [Trading](/siacoin/trading.html) and [Wallets](/siacoin/wallet.html). 8 | - You have unused storage on your drives, or are planning to buy some big drives and start providing that storage to others for money. Then continue to **Hosting - Get paid for your storage** section. 9 | - You want to use decentralized storage for private data backups and want to manage everything by yourself. In that case, you want to use Sia directly and check out **Renting - Using Sia for Private Backups** section. 10 | - You want to use decentralized storage for both public and private data backups, but not being limited to that. You also want to share files and benefit from everything that decentralized internet can offer to you. In that case, you are looking for Sia's extension called Skynet and its rapidly growing amount of content/apps where everything can interact and all your data are your own. Did you ever regret spending years to build your community and content on centralized platforms only to never be able to leave it and take everything with yourself. On Skynet, every piece of data belongs to the user and if some developers makes a better app, you can switch in a second. If this sounds good, see it for yourself how deep this rabbit hole goes and **Explore the Skynet, Decentralized Internet**. 11 | - Or you are a developer who want to expand the ecosystem and build awesome stuff. Then **Develop with Skynet** is the section you're looking for. 12 | 13 | For further technical details about each of these layers I recommend to check out our dedicated guides: 14 | - [Sia, Decentralized Storage (Layer 1)](/tech/sia-layer-one.html) 15 | - [Skynet, Decentralized Internet (Layer 2)](/tech/skynet-layer-two.html) 16 | 17 | Rest of this introduction is going to be dedicated to parties that brought us Sia and Skynet. 18 | 19 | **Sia Foundation** is a non-profit organisation led by **Luke Champine** and funded (fork happened in February 2021) by addition of 30,000 SC (that is thirty thousand for those europeans out there) to block reward (you can find more details in the Proposal that was very warmly accepted by the community). While the inflation increased slightly (especially compared to majority of other projects), it allowed Sia Foundation to focus on parts of the Sia core tech that were previously difficult to justify for a VC funded company. 20 | 21 | So far (October 2021), Sia Foundation released following quarterly reports where you can transparently see their finance management, hiring process and what they are working on: 22 | - https://sia.tech/transparency/2021-q1.pdf 23 | - https://sia.tech/transparency/2021-q2.pdf 24 | - https://sia.tech/transparency/2021-q3.pdf 25 | 26 | Since these reports cover things you might ask about now, this article won't dig into it. If interested, just read the reports. 27 | 28 | Foundation promised to use the funds to help the Sia core tech to be more stable, efficient and user friendly. Most requested features are **host stability** fixes and improvements, **small file support** and **Utreexo** which is feature dramatically reducing blockchain requirements so lite nodes become a reality. That will open entire new world of possibilities on all kinds of devices. Foundation also promised to provide **legal support** to nodes participating on Sia network and burn any coins that it is unable to use for **overall good and growth of the ecosystem**. This was later also confirmed in 2021 Q3 report linked above. 29 | 30 | Official place to come and communicate with Sia Foundation is its forum. 31 | 32 | **Skynet Labs** is re-branded **Nebulous, Inc.**, the company that created Sia with its founder and CEO, **David Vorick**. Since it is just re-branding of company, the entire team is the same with exception of Luke who continues to focus on Sia core. 33 | 34 | For majority of 2020, Skynet Labs were already focusing on task that community was asking several years for. Getting Sia adoption grow. Skynet is biggest product built with Sia and it is directly integrated in it. Where Sia is trying to compete in decentralized cloud storage space, Skynet competes with entire centralized internet and offers an alternative. How this fight will look, that remains to be seen but it’s clear it opens **attractive space for developers, content creators and their followers**. It introduces users to completely new way of using internet. In a way where they control own data and decide which (client-side) application can access them. 35 | 36 | But what does this all mean? It means that this split is good for anyone interested in Sia. It doesn’t mean the project is abandoned and devs are working on something else - it's the opposite, the technology is expanding from private storage to use cases that mainstream users need. For first time in Sia’s history, it is going to maintain presence on two battlefields. Sia Foundation will do everything in best interest of Sia, its technology, ecosystem and participants. And Skynet will be main force driving the adoption in a way that everyone and everything can use it without any pre-requirements. 37 | 38 | Since Skynet uses Sia, it uses Siacoin (SC). It creates awareness and demand for the token to be used. By users who want to store data, by hosts as collateral and reward and by Skynet Portals who pay for activity of their users. This all is kind of usage that is on top of the only kind of usage that majority of projects has – the always present speculation. Also the bigger the network and amount of stored and accessed data, the more it will be rewarding for the Siafund holders. It’s win for everyone involved. The incentives feel to be just right and entire collective behind this site awaits the future with excitement and passion. 39 | 40 | --- 41 | *Written by: Danger, Last Edit: October 26, 2021* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/tech/network-metrics.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Network Metrics 2 | This information is provided by SiaStats.info, built by Community member hakkane. If you want to develop an app that displays these, you can use its API. 3 | 4 | ## Network 5 | * Last blocks 6 | * Transactions & fees 7 | * Macro-economics (Supply, Inflation, Burn & Lock) 8 | * Blockchain & average block sizes 9 | ## Storage marketplace 10 | * Hosts monitor 11 | * Storage pricing 12 | * Hosts network 13 | * Contracts 14 | * Skynet portal stats 15 | * Contracts status 16 | ## Hosts centralization 17 | * Hosts map 18 | * Hosting farms 19 | ## Mining 20 | * Mining metrics 21 | * Mining pools distribution 22 | * Block reward 23 | ## Siafunds 24 | * Siafunds profitability 25 | * Initial distribution 26 | * Current distribution 27 | * Other metrics and tools 28 | ## Other metrics and tools 29 | * Sia 101 infographics 30 | * Community benchmarks 31 | * Nodes 32 | * Market prices & calculator 33 | 34 | --- 35 | *Written by: Danger & Covalent, figurestudios, Last Edit: April 14, 2021* 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/tech/portals.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Skynet Portals 2 | As you probably already know, Skynet Portals are the access points to the [Skynet](/tech/skynet-layer-two.html). You can request any content from them using the `Skylinks` and upload as well. 3 | 4 | >Skynet Portals are special kinds of Sia nodes, ones that have contracts with all hosts on the network and because of that can have access to all `Skyfiles` on the network. Some do it for free, some can have some business models (like subscriptions, or ads – since it is open source, anyone can run one and implement or set own rules). 5 | 6 | If you ask what happens when such a portal decides to block access to some Skylink for any reason (mostly because illegal content was reported to it and it needs to follow the law), you don’t have to worry. Simplified, the portal is just a single participant in the Skynet, same as you. And maybe even operator of that site started as a user who just got his content blocked on portal he used and decided to start own one, initially making it private for himself and friends, but over time switching it to public and turning it into free ratelimited service with full speed available to subscribed users. 7 | 8 | In any case, you can do the same. You can go the comfortable way and use public portals same way as you used internet until now where illegal content has been blocked. Or setup your own one and use it without any restrictions. After all, it’s your coins – your service – your rules. 9 | 10 | ## List of Public Portals (Free) 11 | >Free portals are operated and fully funded by the community to support it. Their operators pay the costs of all downloads/uploads to support the network. Some of these portals are very popular and the demand can sometimes make your experience slower. This should continously improve with more portals coming live and further optimizations being done. 12 | 13 | - siasky.net | Skynet Labs | Official portal 14 | - skyportal.xyz | Delivator 15 | - skydrain | Fornaxian Technologies | With custom interface 16 | - *sialoop | Hakkane | With custom interface 17 | - *skynethub.io | Crypto rocket 18 | - *luxor | Luxor Technologies 19 | - *tutemwesi | Tutemwesi 20 | - *lightspeed | Lightspeed Hosting 21 | - *utxo 22 | - siasky dev server | Skynet Labs | development portal 23 | 24 | *Portals with an \*asterisk are currently unvailable* 25 | 26 | ## List of Subscription-based Portals 27 | Subscription-based portals offer the best experience possible that can only be matched or exceeded by running your own portal, but of course that's a way more expensive option. Subscribed users can enjoy access to Skynet at much higher speeds for just a few dollars per month with price depending on selected tier which also affects amount of storage available. But you as an user are still in control - the data are not on the portal, but on the decentralized Sia network and you can ask other portal (can be your own) to start pinning them anytime if you're not happy with portal you used before. 28 | 29 | siasky.net | Skynet Labs | official portal 30 | 31 | 32 | ## How to get my portal listed? 33 | If you wish for your portal to be listed here, just reach out to us on our official discord. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | *Written by: Danger, Covalent & Delivator, Last Edit: August 06, 2021* 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/tech/registry.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # All You Wanted to Know about the Registry but Hesitated to Ask 3 | 4 | The Registry was introduced in the Sia core software starting from v1.5.1 as a key-value store. 5 | The most widely known application for the Registry is Skynet, therefore the Registry is often 6 | referred to as Skynet Registry. In fact, any renter could use the Registry, because all necessary 7 | API endpoints are provided in `siad`. 8 | 9 | The Registry is essentially a special form of data storage with low latency. A registry entry can be 10 | accessed much quicker than a regular file sector on a host’s drive. This is because used registry 11 | entries are loaded into memory when a host starts up, which also means that hosts should be 12 | mindful of their RAM capacities when allocating the space for the Registry. A common 13 | misunderstanding is that the larger the registry file, the better. In the beginning, when a host 14 | does not have a lot of registry entries used up, this may be fine. However, as the registry usage 15 | grows, the load on the RAM increases, which can lead to OOM (Out of Memory) crashes. It is 16 | recommended to allocate maximum 1/4 of the total available RAM for the Registry. 17 | 18 | As the Registry is a special low-latency storage, it is much scarcer than the regular storage, which 19 | has two important implications. First, each registry entry occupies exactly 256 bytes of storage. 20 | And second, it needs to be paid higher. For storing each registry entry (as well as for updating 21 | one; this is essentially the same from the Sia perspective as we will see later) hosts are paid like 22 | for uploading and storing a 256-byte file for 5 years. Unlike file contracts, hosts do not put 23 | collateral for storing registry entries; instead, they are incentivized in a different way. For each 24 | registry lookup hosts are paid like for uploading and storing the same entry for 10 years. And 25 | while storing such a tiny file even for 5 years may not seem really motivating (in fact, it is just 26 | about 1.4e-8 times a host’s storage price), having this entry accessed multiple times within its 27 | lifetime is something that would make a host keep storing it. 28 | 29 | In the future, the developers plan to use LRU cache for storing registry entries. This way, only 30 | most frequently accessed entries would occupy the RAM. 31 | 32 | As the Registry is kept in the RAM during a host’s operation, it needs to be synchronized to the 33 | drive to persist. Hosts can specify a custom registry path in their settings. Upon this a 34 | registry.dat file is created or updated in the specified path. The very first entry of this file 35 | contains so called metadata (currently only the registry version). 36 | 37 | Of the 256 bytes that each registry entry occupies, only 113 bytes can contain a payload. For 38 | Skynet, this is mostly used to store a Skylink, a link to a file or directory containing a larger piece 39 | of data. The rest of the entry is used for storing additional information as will be explained 40 | further. 41 | 42 | There is a special class of registry entries called primary entries. These entries contain the hash 43 | of a host’s public key and are intended for that specific host. 44 | 45 | The most important parts of a registry entry, besides the payload, are: 46 | * **Public key**. This is derived from the secret passphrase of the one who has created this entry. 47 | * **Tweak** (also referred to as Data Key). It was mentioned before that the Registry was designed as 48 | a key-value store. As each Registry user may need to store multiple different entries, Tweak, 49 | together with the public key, is a way to access these entries separately. 50 | * **Signature**. Each registry entry is signed with the owner’s private key before uploading to ensure 51 | that this entry indeed belongs to its owner. It is worth mentioning that, even though the 52 | ownership of an entry is indisputable, it is trivial for anyone else to access this entry and retrieve 53 | the data using the owner’s public key. 54 | * **Revision**. This is what makes the Registry so powerful – it turns otherwise immutable cloud 55 | storage that Sia provides by design into something changeable. This is why Skynet makes such 56 | extensive use of the Registry. Each time a registry entry is updated, its revision number is 57 | incremented by one. When the very first entry with a given pubkey/tweak combination is 58 | created, it receives the revision number of zero. When a registry entry is being looked up, all 59 | hosts storing that entry are queried by the renter. From all responses collected within the given 60 | time, the one with the highest revision number wins. If two different responses contain the same 61 | revision number, the one wins, which provides the greater proof of work (read: hash value). This 62 | is done to ensure that even some of the hosts were offline during the registry entry update, we 63 | still receive the latest revision when reading this entry. 64 | * **Expiry**. Registry entries are not supposed to be kept forever and litter hosts’ RAM. There is a 65 | mechanism for cleaning up unused entries. Each time a registry entry is updated, its expiry point 66 | is shifted back by one year. If a host finds that an entry has the expiration block height that lies 67 | in the past, it may mark this entry as unused and thus remove it from the usage. 68 | 69 | Renters can subscribe for accessing registry entries multiple times. Such a subscription cost the 70 | renter the same as storing these entries for 10 years plus the costs of the memory usage needed 71 | to keep these entries. In return, they may access these entries as many times as they want, at 72 | the same cost. 73 | 74 | Registry usage is paid by renters to hosts using Ephemeral Accounts (EA), the same way as paying 75 | for uploading and downloading files. As to when a host receives the payment, the answer is the 76 | same – after the expiration of a file contract. Even though the Registry itself is not covered by 77 | any contract, there still must be a contract between a renter and a host for storing regular data. 78 | 79 | It is to be expected that a detailed und updated API documentation will become available soon, 80 | and this shall also include the information on the Registry. 81 | 82 | *Written by: ?, Added by Covalent, Last Edit: January 23, 2022s* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pages/tech/skynet-layer-two.en.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Skynet, Decentralized Internet (Layer 2) 2 | Before reading this article, it is recommended to check [Sia, Decentralized Storage (Layer 1)](/tech/sia-layer-one.html) first in order to have a better bearing of how everything works, and who is behind the project. While the top level ideas can be grasped pretty easily, the design behind Sia can be pretty complex, so keep that in mind. 3 | 4 | >Since the introduction of Skynet a lot of time passes already, but if you want to read the document that introduced us to the full vision of Skynet for first time, don’t miss A Deep Dive into Skynet on the Sia blog (published in Feb 2021). Also keep in mind that the monetization part described there is outdated and a whitepaper with a better take on monetization is expected by end of 2021. 5 | 6 | ## What is Skynet? 7 | Skynet is a first party layer two solution to a decentralized file space that was built on top of the existing Sia network. So basically it allows file sharing. But combined with what can be created with it there is way more fitting words to describe what Skynet is - the decentralized internet**. 8 | 9 | > You can find official Siasky.net support site and guides here. 10 | 11 | ## How does Skynet work in theory? 12 | I’m going to get a little bit more technical here, so make sure to read the renting article first. 13 | 14 | So the base level for how Skynet works is it that every node that wants to be able to access `Skyfiles` forms contracts with as many hosts as possible on the network. Then, when a node wants to upload a file, it sends the data off to a subset of that massive host pool and generates something called a `Skylink`. 15 | 16 | >A `Skylink` is a 46 character string of base64 encoded data. This data represents a couple things, but for the most part, this link is storing the Merkle root of the file. Merkle roots are complicated and you can dive more into them [here](https://hackernoon.com/getting-to-the-root-of-the-merkle-tree-concept-and-how-it-affects-blockchain-technology). But basically, `Skylinks` are just unique file identifiers; every single combination of data (think video file) and metadata (think file size) has a unique `Merkle tree root`. 17 | 18 | >Recently, Skynet Labs has also added something called a `Resolver Skylink`.The main difference is that this `Skylink` points to a registry entry instead of a file so it can later be updated. 19 | 20 | Then when you want to query a specific `Skylink` (think if you’re requesting a video on Skyfeed), your Skynet node make a bunch of requests to hosts it has contracted with to see if they have the `Skylink` in question. The first host to respond with the data chunk then sends over the file to the renter node, and gets paid. In practice, fetch latency can be incredibly small, rivaling that of the centralized internet. 21 | 22 | ## How does Skynet work in practice? 23 | Unfortunately, as of today you cannot just run a Skynet portal in your browser. Due to the many limitations of running a Sia full node talked about in [this article](/guides/sia/renting/introduction.html), running a renter node is hard on your system. The main hard parts are: 24 | 25 | - Consensus is 22GB+ 26 | - It requires high up-time to maintain files 27 | - Requires a lot of RAM 28 | - High CPU load (would kill battery life) 29 | 30 | But to be fair, this all is known and expected to be resolved by [Sia Foundation](/sia/foundation.html) with Utreexo support early in 2022. Proof of concept for Utreexo was released mid 2021 and since then the team is integrating it into Sia. 31 | 32 | So how did the team work around this? Well the idea is to use something called a **Skynet Portal**. 33 | 34 | ## Skynet Portals 35 | A Skynet portal is a simple concept in practice. It is an entry point to the Sia network without having to run a node yourself. Someone else runs a dedicated server running a Sia node with Skynet access enabled, and there’s a front end in that allows users to interact with it. For example, check out siasky, Skynet Lab’s official portal. 36 | 37 | But what separates this from any other centralized file sharing platform out there like Dropbox or Mediafire? Well the main differentiator is that since the portals use the Sia network as a backend instead of their own servers, every file is available on every portal. For example Big Buck Bunny (an old Blender open source video file) is fully available at siasky.net, skyportal.xyz and every other Skynet Portal at this Sia link: sia://CACqf4NlIMlA0CCCieYGjpViPGyfyJ4v1x3bmuCKZX8FKA. But these are not a duplicates of the file. You always access the same file, just through different portals. This is the next level up from federated, it’s decentralized! 38 | 39 | >Note, some people claim that Skynet isn’t decentralized because the ingress/egress points are centralized. This is a fair point. But currently it isn’t possible to make something with a higher level of decentralization. It is being worked on, as stated above, but having site interoperability is pretty awesome in itself. Any file can be accessed from any portal, no matter who pins it or where they are. Now, each portal respectively can block any file they would like(for example, Skynet Labs won’t be paying for you to access content that’s illegal in their jurisdiction), but since anyone can set up their own portal, it’s not a huge issue. Also setting up your own Skynet portal isn’t easy, per say, but it is do-able if you have technical chops. For a guide on how to do this, look here. 40 | 41 | ## What about the registry? 42 | I haven’t talked about this so far because I didn’t want to overwhelm the reader with new stuff. But the registry, in essence, is a mutable file pointer built on top of the Sia network. Okay, but what does that mean? Each registry entry itself is only 256B on the hosts storage(usually on the main SSD) and it contains a couple things, though the only one I’m gonna be focusing on is the data field. In that data field, you can store up to 128B of whatever data you would like (though this is generally used to store a single `Skylink`). 43 | 44 | The registry works by effectively generating a private-public key pair and publishing the public key out there for everyone to access. Then stored inside this entry is the data field which can be changed at any time. But since the original creator is the only one who can sign the data with the private key, anyone accessing the entry knows this version of it was generated by the original user with the private key, public entries are not a thing as of now. 45 | 46 | >Now, technically, any data can be stored in this "data" field, so you’d wonder why people wouldn’t store data directly in a registry entry? Well the main reason is cost. In order to upload that 256B file, you pay 50 hosts for 64KB off contract. So in total, for that 128B field, you end up paying for 3.2MB of space! Now, since it’s off contract, you don’t have to deal with the minimum file size, but you would have to pay for 25600x overhead so it’s not super practical. 47 | 48 | >Side note, the registry is a key value, not a relational, database. Also, when abstractions are put onto the registry (like Skynet-JS) it is referred to as SkyDB. This can be limiting for some applications. 49 | 50 | For more in depth detail, see [here](/tech/registry.html). 51 | 52 | ## What can I do with Skynet? 53 | 54 | > **Important - Update by Danger (October 26, 2021):** This section is a bit outdated since it describes state before more than 6 months. A lot changed since then and if you want to know what Skynet lets you do today, check out our new dedicated section `Explore Skynet`. This section is kept around only to show how much progress has been done just in last few months and how many more apps were made since then. 55 | 56 | --- 57 | 58 | *(Outdated)* As listed above, currently, Skynet has two real features; those being `Skyfiles`, which are accessible from any portal, and the registry(which when accessed through the SDK is referred to as `SkyDB`), which are mutable pointers that can be accessed or updated from any portal. 59 | 60 | Currently the biggest things on Skynet are Skyfeed and content distribution by using Skynet as a CDN on sites like DTube. 61 | 62 | #### Skyfeed.hns.siasky.net 63 | Skyfeed is a first Facebook-esque social media built on top of Skynet by community member Redsolver. It’s flagship features are mainly that if you run your own portal no one can limit your speech, and that there are no ads or tracking to speak of. 64 | 65 | #### CDN Capabilities 66 | The first thing that Skynet was advertised as was a CDN with decentralized frills, and it is still pretty good at that. Though, because of the traditional web architecture that web portals are built on, they completely rely on horizontal load balancing to scale. Also due to the nature of Sia, speeds cap at about 1GBPS per node, so a huge amount of nodes and load balancing is required to accomplish something like a large live event. For example, if you wanted to have a streaming platform with 100k concurrent viewers, you would need 1k-2k nodes at a minimum (depending on quality of the stream). This will be fixed once Utreexo is implemented(or host→user websockets), but for the time being, it’s a lot of work just like any other CDN. Though, unlike traditional web architectures, the actual pool of data itself can be massive per portal node because they have access to every `Skyfile` and `SkyDB` entry. 67 | 68 | >Discover more [Skynet Apps](/explore-skynet/4-popular-apps.html). 69 | 70 | ## Moving forward 71 | Skynet is still under heavy development by Skynet Labs and a breadth of features are in the pipeline. For example, upcoming features include: 72 | 73 | - Utreexo 74 | - Beefed up `SkyDB` pipeline with web sockets 75 | - Content monetization 76 | - Direct host → user web sockets 77 | - Massive performance improvements per node 78 | - Node scalability improvements 79 | - And much more 80 | 81 | --- 82 | *Written by: Covalent & Danger, Last Edit: January 23, 2022* 83 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | mkdocs>=1.1.2 2 | mkdocs-material==7.1.0 3 | mkdocs-static-i18n==0.13 4 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------