├── .gitignore
├── beginners
├── 2013-bin50
│ ├── binaary50
│ ├── binary50.zip
│ └── readme.md
├── 2013-misc-75
│ ├── primes.py
│ └── readme.md
├── 2013-web-50
│ └── readme.md
├── authorized_persons_only
│ └── readme.md
├── batman
│ └── readme.md
├── browser
│ └── readme.md
├── file_reader
│ └── readme.md
├── hidden_flag_easy
│ ├── hide_easy
│ ├── hide_easy.id0
│ ├── hide_easy.id1
│ ├── hide_easy.nam
│ ├── hide_easy.til
│ └── readme.md
├── hidden_flag_medium
│ ├── functions.png
│ ├── hide_medium
│ ├── hide_medium.id0
│ ├── hide_medium.id1
│ ├── hide_medium.nam
│ ├── hide_medium.til
│ └── readme.md
├── location-51
│ └── readme.md
├── lost
│ └── readme.md
├── nosignal
│ ├── a.jpg
│ ├── b.jpg
│ ├── readme.md
│ └── result.png
├── path
│ └── readme.md
├── search
│ ├── qr.png
│ ├── readme.md
│ ├── search.txt
│ └── search.zip
├── secret_area
│ ├── .htpasswd
│ └── readme.md
├── simple_cipher
│ └── readme.md
├── sound
│ ├── readme.md
│ ├── sound.mp3
│ ├── sound_reversed.mp3
│ └── sound_reversed_slowed.mp3
├── undisputed
│ ├── file.ext4
│ ├── n00b.7z
│ ├── n00b
│ │ └── n00b.txt
│ └── readme.md
└── wahtzdis
│ ├── gibberish
│ └── readme.md
├── practiceArena
├── .gitignore
├── complex-rsa
│ ├── flag.enc
│ ├── pubkey1
│ ├── pubkey2
│ ├── readme.md
│ └── solver.py
└── find_me
│ ├── 100
│ └── 99
│ │ └── 98
│ │ └── 97
│ │ └── 96
│ │ └── 95
│ │ └── 94
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│ │ └── 26
│ │ └── 25
│ │ └── 24
│ │ └── 23
│ │ └── 22
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│ │ └── 20
│ │ └── 19
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│ │ └── 16
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│ │ └── 11
│ │ └── 10
│ │ └── 9
│ │ └── 8
│ │ └── 7
│ │ └── 6
│ │ └── 5
│ │ └── 4
│ │ └── 3
│ │ └── 2
│ │ └── 1
│ │ └── flag.txt
│ ├── find_me.tar.gz
│ └── readme.md
└── readme.md
/.gitignore:
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1 | **/.idea/*
2 |
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/beginners/2013-bin50/binaary50:
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/beginners/2013-bin50/binary50.zip:
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/beginners/2013-bin50/readme.md:
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1 | # 2013-bin-50
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | One day, after getting tired of being made fun of by all the other hackers, he decided to finally take a look at BASH.
5 | His first thoughts were 'Bash? Bash Windows? Oh those violent script kiddies!'. After finishing hundreds of online tutorials,
6 | he accidentally (obviously)found a flag. His next status update was ' The script kiddies will never be able to get the flag from this password protected binary.
7 | How dare he call you and us 'script kiddies'?! Take him down.
8 |
9 | Here is the file[http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-BIN-50/binary50.zip]. For 32bit users - file[http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-BIN-50/binary50_32bit.zip].
10 | The flag is SHA-256 of the MD-5 hash obtained.
11 |
12 | Created by: Ravi Kishore R
13 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1133
14 |
15 |
16 | ## Solution
17 |
18 | Download & unzip the file
19 | ```
20 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-BIN-50/binary50.zip
21 | $ unzip binary50.zip
22 | ```
23 | If we try to run it, it asks us to provide a password.
24 | ```
25 | $ ./binaary50
26 | Please provide the password
27 | ```
28 | Ok, so lets look for any strings in the binary.
29 |
30 | ```
31 | $ strings binaary50
32 | ...
33 | Password is Advicemallard
34 | qie////3213/wqeqwe/qwqweqsxcf/d/////
35 | Password is Butter
36 | Password is Hoobastank
37 | Password is Darth
38 | Password is Jedimaster
39 | Password is Masternamer
40 | Password is Morpheus
41 | Password is Neutron
42 | Password is Coyote
43 | Password is Tweety
44 | Nothing to see here.
45 | Please provide the password
46 | ...
47 | ```
48 | If we try all the strings as passords, we will eventually find that Masternamer returns a MD-5 hash.
49 |
50 | ```
51 | $ ./binaary50 Masternamer
52 | 3cd50c6be9bbede06e51741928d88b7e
53 | ```
54 | The challenge description tells us that the flag is the 256 hash of the provided MD-5. (Remember that echo always starts with a newline, so use -n to not get that in your hash).
55 | ```
56 | $ echo -n 3cd50c6be9bbede06e51741928d88b7e | sha256sum
57 | dad827e94c609b76424287f2523b2117475df29e4ca8475444a9976faedc00f7
58 | ```
59 |
60 | The flag is dad827e94c609b76424287f2523b2117475df29e4ca8475444a9976faedc00f7
61 |
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/beginners/2013-misc-75/primes.py:
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1 | import httplib
2 |
3 |
4 | def is_prime(n):
5 | for i in range(2, n):
6 | if n%i == 0:
7 | return False
8 | return True
9 |
10 | def find_sum(n_first):
11 | sum = 0
12 | i = 0
13 | cnt = 2
14 | while (i < n_first):
15 | if is_prime(cnt):
16 | sum = sum + cnt
17 | i += 1
18 | cnt += 1
19 | return sum
20 |
21 |
22 | # Create an http connection and obtain the amount of primes we need
23 | conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("hack.bckdr.in")
24 | conn.request("GET", 'http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-MISC-75/misc75.php')
25 | res = conn.getresponse()
26 | completePage = res.read()
27 |
28 | # We only want the second number. (You Have 3 seconds to solve this question . Find the sum of First 1115 prime numbers .)
29 | firstword = True
30 | for word in completePage.split(" "):
31 | if word.isdigit():
32 | if not firstword:
33 | n = int(word)
34 | firstword = False
35 |
36 | print 'Finding sum for ', n
37 | answer = find_sum(n)
38 | print 'sum is', answer
39 |
40 | # We must include the cookie in our crafted response, aswell as the Content-type
41 | cookie = res.getheaders()[1][1]
42 | print cookie
43 | header = {
44 | 'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
45 | 'Cookie': cookie
46 | }
47 |
48 | # Send the answer as post form data "answer"
49 | parameters = 'answer='+str(answer)
50 | conn.request("POST", 'http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-MISC-75/misc75.php', parameters, header)
51 | res = conn.getresponse()
52 | print res.read()
53 |
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/beginners/2013-misc-75/readme.md:
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1 | # 2013-misc-75
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | H4x0r once proclaimed on his posterous blog, ' Time eventually catches up with everyone , but not H4x0r. Challenge me if you can !'
5 | Time to bring him down to his Win98 world .
6 |
7 | Here is the link[http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-MISC-75/misc75.php]
8 |
9 | Created by: Ravi Kishore R
10 | No. of Correct Submissions: 549
11 |
12 |
13 | ## Solution
14 | By Inspecting the provided site we can see that we are tasked to calculate the sum of the n first primes where n is provided. We must then send our result within 3 seconds.
15 |
16 | We can inspect the network traffic in our browser and see that the form is sent as a POST request and that it contains a parameter "answer" with our input. We can use this to programatically craft and send a response. The site gives us a cookie that is renewed on every refresh.
17 |
18 | To solve the challenge I used the python library httplib.
19 |
20 | We can get the initial site by requesting it and reading it.
21 | ```python
22 | # Create an http connection and obtain the amount of primes we need
23 | conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("hack.bckdr.in")
24 | conn.request("GET", 'http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-MISC-75/misc75.php')
25 | res = conn.getresponse()
26 | completePage = res.read()
27 | ```
28 | We must then parse our response to obtain the number of primes we need to sum.
29 |
30 | ```python
31 | # We only want the second number. (You Have 3 seconds to solve this question . Find the sum of First 1115 prime numbers .)
32 | firstword = True
33 | for word in completePage.split(" "):
34 | if word.isdigit():
35 | if not firstword:
36 | n = int(word)
37 | firstword = False
38 | ```
39 |
40 | We can then find the sum like this;
41 | ```python
42 | def is_prime(n):
43 | for i in range(2, n):
44 | if n%i == 0:
45 | return False
46 | return True
47 |
48 | def find_sum(n_first):
49 | sum = 0
50 | i = 0
51 | cnt = 2
52 | while (i < n_first):
53 | if is_prime(cnt):
54 | sum = sum + cnt
55 | i += 1
56 | cnt += 1
57 | return sum
58 |
59 | answer = find_sum(n)
60 | ```
61 |
62 | When we have our answer we can craft our response. We must remember to include the cookie provided in the previous response.
63 |
64 | ```python
65 | # We must include the cookie in our crafted response, aswell as the Content-type
66 | cookie = res.getheaders()[1][1]
67 | header = {
68 | 'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
69 | 'Cookie': cookie
70 | }
71 | ```
72 |
73 | We then send it and look at what we get back.
74 | ```python
75 | # Send the answer as post form data "answer"
76 | parameters = 'answer='+str(answer)
77 | conn.request("POST", 'http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-MISC-75/misc75.php', parameters, header)
78 | res = conn.getresponse()
79 | print res.read()
80 | ```
81 | Output: Congratulations! You passed it . Your award ==> 2ac4a6e921c6a5f5f36e8300896b597f9b4f83dc197294ca39fc3a862c734856
82 |
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/beginners/2013-web-50/readme.md:
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1 | # 2013-web-50
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | H4x0r, in his early days, made an authentication system. He obviously felt that he had the made the most cutting-edge system but we know how brilliant he actually is. Show him just how easy it is to become the admin. You can visit this link [http://hack.bckdr.in/2013-WEB-50/getflag.php] to get the flag once you become admin.
5 |
6 | Created by: Ravi Kishore R
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 2039
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | Visiting the link we are met with a website containing the string; "You are not admin".
11 |
12 | Inspecting the cookie we can see that it contains "username=john". Let's try and change that to "username=admin", and refresh the site.
13 | ```
14 | document.cookie="username=admin"
15 | ```
16 | The flag is 9826f65d07b8861bfad0aba3be5e5f4a4207d1c850527f4d3a2266eca4965de3
17 |
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/beginners/authorized_persons_only/readme.md:
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1 | # authorized persons only
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Authorized persons can get flag here[http://hack.bckdr.in/CKK/index.php]
5 | Created by: Vishrut Kumar Mishra
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1383
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 |
10 | Just set the admin field in the cookie to 1. You can do it via the browser console.
11 |
12 | ```
13 | document.cookie
14 | "admin=0; PHPSESSID=a870qm80ls7r5lhnoqfjohbvc2"
15 | document.cookie="admin=1; PHPSESSID=a870qm80ls7r5lhnoqfjohbvc2"
16 | "admin=1; PHPSESSID=a870qm80ls7r5lhnoqfjohbvc2"
17 | ```
18 |
19 | Refresh the site and get the flag.
20 |
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/beginners/batman/readme.md:
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1 | #batman
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Link here[http://hack.bckdr.in/BATMAN] takes you to Batman shop. Can you take the flag from batman? Submit sha-256 of the flag obtained.
5 |
6 | Created by: Amanpreet Singh
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 620
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | Try to click the different elements in the list. Clicking them sets a parameter in the url and sends a GET request.
11 | The parameters from the list are [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]...
12 | If we continue trying with higher values we will eventually get the flag. (st=10)
13 |
14 | Generate the sha256sum and submit for reward :)
15 |
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/beginners/browser/readme.md:
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1 | # browser
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | This one is pretty easy. Here[http://hack.bckdr.in/BRWSR] is the link of the page where the flag is there. This page opens only in a specific browser which is developed by the folks of SDSLabs. But unfortunately this browser is only availiable for internal use. See if you can find the flag...
5 |
6 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1003
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 |
11 | The server verifies that the client is using the internal SDSLabs browser by looking at the User-Agent field in the HTTP Header. This was simply a guess from the challenge description.
12 |
13 | I used Burp Suite to set up a proxy and intercept and edit the request.
14 |
15 | ```
16 | GET /BRWSR/ HTTP/1.1
17 | Host: hack.bckdr.in
18 | User-Agent: SDSLabs
19 | Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
20 | Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
21 | Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
22 | Connection: close
23 | Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
24 | Cache-Control: max-age=0
25 | ```
26 |
27 | This returned the following response.
28 |
29 | ```
30 | HTTP/1.1 200 OK
31 | Date: Sun, 15 Oct 2017 18:43:36 GMT
32 | Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
33 | Vary: Accept-Encoding
34 | Content-Length: 210
35 | Connection: close
36 | Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
37 |
38 |
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 | Welcome!! Thanks for using our browser! Here's a flag for you: e77aec24943bb31c63547812d1130c67d0e7e941bf5d85bfef0492cc68050aef
46 |
47 |
48 | ```
49 |
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/beginners/file_reader/readme.md:
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1 | # file reader
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | An amateur made a simple web app and hid the flag somewhere. Go find it here[http://hack.bckdr.in/FLREAD/].
5 |
6 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1072
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | The url points us to a site contianing a further url to a directory tree. If we visit the parent directory we can see file called "flag.php". Trying to access it directly doesnt return anything.
11 |
12 | There is a directory called "viewer/", which contains a file called "viewer.php". The viewer.php file allows the user to input the path of a file on the server to print it. Simply input the path to the flag, and there it is.
13 |
14 | I first tried the path
15 | ```
16 | "../flag.php"
17 | ```
18 | , which returned
19 | ```
20 | ./flag.php : No such file exists
21 | ```
22 | I'm not sure why the first . is stripped away,but just adding a third . did the trick.
23 |
24 | ```
25 |
28 | ```
29 |
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/beginners/hidden_flag_easy/hide_easy:
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/beginners/hidden_flag_easy/hide_easy.til:
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1 | IDATIL Local type definitionsgnuunx
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/beginners/hidden_flag_easy/readme.md:
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1 | # hidden flag easy
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | n00b just learnt about binary files. He tried to hide a flag in it. Here is the file[http://hack.bckdr.in/HIDE-EASY/hide_easy].
5 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1175
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 |
10 | Download and check the file type.
11 | ```
12 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/HIDE-EASY/hide_easy
13 |
14 | $ file hide_easy
15 | hide_easy: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=cf56f38a7483f0f337aa3b25644426028885c9b9, not stripped
16 |
17 | ```
18 | Inspecting the file with IDA we can see a function called print_flag(). This sounds interesting.
19 |
20 | Let's make the file executable and try to call it with gdb.
21 |
22 | ```
23 | $ chmod 700 hide_easy
24 | $ gdb hide_easy
25 |
26 | (gdb) disas main
27 | Dump of assembler code for function main:
28 | 0x0804846c <+0>: push %ebp
29 | ...
30 | End of assembler dump.
31 | (gdb) break *0x0804846c
32 | Breakpoint 1 at 0x804846c
33 | (gdb) run
34 | Starting program: ...
35 | Breakpoint 1, 0x0804846c in main ()
36 | (gdb) call print_flag()
37 | 939d9556640d4
38 | $1 = 64
39 |
40 | ```
41 |
42 | I tried entering this into the flag, but it seemed to not be correct.
43 | Lets take a close look at the print_flag function.
44 |
45 | ```
46 | (gdb) disas print_flag
47 | Dump of assembler code for function print_flag:
48 | 0x0804844c <+0>: push %ebp
49 | 0x0804844d <+1>: mov %esp,%ebp
50 | 0x0804844f <+3>: sub $0x18,%esp
51 | 0x08048452 <+6>: movl $0x8048520,(%esp)
52 | 0x08048459 <+13>: call 0x8048320
53 | 0x0804845e <+18>: movl $0x8048530,(%esp)
54 | 0x08048465 <+25>: call 0x8048310
55 | 0x0804846a <+30>: leave
56 | 0x0804846b <+31>: ret
57 | End of assembler dump.
58 | ```
59 |
60 | Ok, so it seems to use two movl instructions to fetch data from memory. Lets try to look at both of them.
61 |
62 | ```
63 | (gdb) x/s 0x8048520
64 | 0x8048520: "939d9556640d4"
65 | (gdb) x/s 0x8048530
66 | 0x8048530: ""
67 | ```
68 |
69 | There we find our flag. I also noticed that the print_flag function would print the flag the second time the function was called.
70 |
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/beginners/hidden_flag_medium/hide_medium.til:
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1 | IDATIL Local type definitionsgnuunx
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/beginners/hidden_flag_medium/readme.md:
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1 | # hidden flag medium
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | n00b became depressed when 'Pro' found the flag in his binary in a matter of seconds. This time he hid the flag a little more securely. See if you can still find it: file[http://hack.bckdr.in/HIDE-MEDIUM/hide_medium]
5 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 429
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 |
10 | Get the file and verify it's type.
11 | ```
12 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/HIDE-MEDIUM/hide_medium
13 | $ file hide_medium
14 | hide_medium: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=fe9ddc13d0659e1badb3fd04934d02b4aa60893a, not stripped
15 | ```
16 |
17 | If we make the file executable and try to run it, it simply prints "It's not that easy as you think so". We can also look for other strings using the *strings* command, but I found nothing.
18 |
19 | ```
20 | $ strings hide_medium
21 | ...
22 | It's not that easy as you think so
23 | ...
24 | ```
25 | Ok, lets take a closer look at the binary with IDA (IDA Pro has a freeware version you can use).
26 | If we inspect the functions we can see that there exist a function called ``` print_flag()```
27 | 
28 |
29 | Lets try and call that function from gdb.
30 |
31 | ```
32 | $ gdb hide_medium
33 | $ gdb hide_medium
34 |
35 | (gdb) disas main
36 | Dump of assembler code for function main:
37 | 0x08048571 <+0>: push %ebp
38 | 0x08048572 <+1>: mov %esp,%ebp
39 | 0x08048574 <+3>: and $0xfffffff0,%esp
40 | 0x08048577 <+6>: sub $0x10,%esp
41 | 0x0804857a <+9>: movl $0x8048664,(%esp)
42 | 0x08048581 <+16>: call 0x8048350
43 | 0x08048586 <+21>: mov $0x0,%eax
44 | 0x0804858b <+26>: leave
45 | 0x0804858c <+27>: ret
46 | End of assembler dump.
47 | (gdb) break *0x08048581
48 | Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048581
49 | (gdb) run
50 | Starting program: ...
51 |
52 | Breakpoint 1, 0x08048581 in main ()
53 | (gdb) call print_flag()
54 | ```
55 | Out comes the flag :)
56 |
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/beginners/location-51/readme.md:
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1 | # location-51
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | n00b after days of exploration found the website where all pro hackers are found dwelling.
5 | He was informed that a flag will be given if behaved properly at that place. Can you find the flag?
6 |
7 | Link to the website[http://hack.bckdr.in/LOCATION-51/index.html]. Submit SHA-256 of the flag obtained.
8 | Created by: Ravi Kishore R
9 | No. of Correct Submissions: 843
10 |
11 | ## Solution
12 |
13 | When we try to access the site http://hack.bckdr.in/LOCATION-51/index.html, we instantly get redirected to http://hack.bckdr.in/LOCATION-51/trap.html, where we are asked to input a password. The password is easily obtainable be looking at the javascript.
14 |
15 | ```javascript
16 | a = prompt("Password");
17 | if(a=="H4CK3D")
18 | {
19 | alert("Flag is '"+atob("WW91IGFyZSBUcmFwcGVkIDopIFRoaXMgaXMgbm90IHRoZSBmbGFnLiBDaGVjayBhcm91bmQu")+"'");
20 | }
21 | else
22 | {
23 | alert("Wrong Password!");
24 | }
25 | ```
26 | However, the base64 decoded string from the script is; "You are Trapped :) This is not the flag. Check around."
27 |
28 | So lets look again at index.html. We can do this simply by using a js debugging tool to pause any javascript. Or, if you run your traffic through a proxy e.g. Burp Suite, it is probably stored in your sitemap.
29 |
30 | The script on this site is
31 | ```javascript
32 | a = prompt("Password");
33 | if(a=="H4CK3D")
34 | {
35 | alert("Flag is "+atob("T0hIX1kwVV9DNE5fQkwwQ0tfSkFWQVNDMVBUICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA"));
36 | }
37 | else
38 | {
39 | alert("Wrong Password!");
40 | }
41 | ```
42 |
43 | Decode "T0hIX1kwVV9DNE5fQkwwQ0tfSkFWQVNDMVBUICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA" to UTF-8 to obtain the flag, and submit the sha256sum.
44 |
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/beginners/lost/readme.md:
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1 | # lost
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Recently, n00b got hands on a flag in hackland, but competition is fierce. n00b lost his flag to pro people somewhere in the hackland. Help him recover it here[http://hack.bckdr.in/LOST]
5 | Created by: Amanpreet Singh
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1017
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 | Lets visit the site. It tells us the following
10 | ```
11 | Hi! Welcome to Web-50!
12 |
13 | Flag is somewhere around and simple to get, just sneak well in console.
14 | ```
15 |
16 | Looking at the output in the console we can see two console logs
17 | ```
18 | Welcome n00b to the ctf
19 | n00b sometimes you need to POST to flag.php
20 | ```
21 |
22 | It tells us we need to send a POST request to flag.php.
23 | Lets set up a proxy with burpSuite so we can change the requests on the fly.
24 |
25 | We can now try to access ```http://hack.bckdr.in/LOST/flag.php``` via our broswers and intercept the request with burpsuite.
26 |
27 | Lets change the GET to POST and forward the request.
28 |
29 | ```
30 | POST /LOST/flag.php HTTP/1.1
31 | Host: hack.bckdr.in
32 | User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:56.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/56.0
33 | Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
34 | Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
35 | Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
36 | Connection: close
37 | Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
38 | ```
39 |
40 | Forward the message and the flag is in the response.
41 |
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/beginners/nosignal/readme.md:
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1 | # nosignal
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | n00b got to know that flag will be transmitted in a TV show. But unfortunately, n00b was only able too to get only two snapshots. Help him find the flag with the help of images a[http://hack.bckdr.in/NO-SIGNAL/a.jpg] and b[http://hack.bckdr.in/NO-SIGNAL/b.jpg]. Submit SHA-256 of the flag.
5 | Created by: Amanpreet Singh
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 595
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 | Download the images and verify their filetypes.
10 | ```
11 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/NO-SIGNAL/a.jpg && wget http://hack.bckdr.in/NO-SIGNAL/b.jpg
12 |
13 | $ file a.jpg && file b.jpg
14 | a.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), density 72x72, segment length 16, progressive, precision 8, 800x300, frames 3
15 | b.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.02, aspect ratio, density 1x1, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 800x300, frames 3
16 |
17 | ```
18 |
19 | Ok so it is two images. I tried to open them both with gimp, overlaying them and playing with the opacity settings. This gave me a clue to try and xor the images. We can do this with the gmic package.
20 |
21 | ```
22 | $ gmic a.jpg b.jpg -blend xor -o result.png
23 | ```
24 | Looking at the output gives us our flag, but the task tells us to submit a sha256 of the flag.
25 |
26 | ```
27 | echo -n | sha256sum
28 | ```
29 |
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/beginners/path/readme.md:
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1 | #path
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | The flag is somewhere on the domain flag.bckdr.in
5 |
6 | Created by: Abhay Bir Singh Rana
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 650
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | Scanning the domain with any dns recon tool will give you the TXT resource attached to the domain. The flag is stored here.
11 |
12 |
13 | E.g DNSRecon (https://tools.kali.org/information-gathering/dnsrecon)
14 | ```
15 | $ ./dnsrecon.py -d flag.bckdr.in
16 | ```
17 |
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/beginners/search/readme.md:
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1 | # search
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | A particular file came across our team of hackers. Some say the it gives the location of a flag. Download the file here[http://hack.bckdr.in/SEARCH/search.zip].
5 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 1167
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 | Download and unzip the file then verify it's file type.
10 | ```
11 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/SEARCH/search.zip
12 |
13 | $ unzip search.zip
14 | Archive: search.zip
15 | inflating: search.txt
16 |
17 | $ file search.txt
18 | search.txt: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01, resolution (DPI), density 1x1, segment length 16, baseline, precision 8, 200x200, frames 1
19 | ```
20 |
21 | Hmm, this does not look like a .txt file. Let's try and open it with an imageviewer.
22 |
23 | ```
24 | $ feh searc.txt
25 | ```
26 | 
27 |
28 | This looks like a qr code.
29 | We can try and decode the qr with *zbarimg*[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/zbarimg.1.html].
30 |
31 | ```
32 | $ zbarimg search.txt
33 | QR-Code:
34 | scanned 1 barcode symbols from 1 images in 0 seconds
35 | ```
36 |
37 | And there is our flag.
38 |
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/beginners/secret_area/.htpasswd:
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1 | vampire:dS/xVY4wI4PRU
2 |
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/beginners/secret_area/readme.md:
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1 | # secret area
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Peter has made a secure area as part of his website at http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=challenge.php. It is beleived that the flag is inside that area. See if you can get it.
5 |
6 | Created by: Dhaval Kapil
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 380
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | The content of the provided page contains the following line
11 | ```html
12 | The flag for this challenge is in a password protected area.
13 | ```
14 |
15 | So we can see that there exist a "secure" directory.
16 | If we try to access the linked site we are prompted with a standard .htaccess username and password protection.
17 | The initial challenge link had an interresting url[http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=challenge.php]. Maybe the page parameter may be vulnerable to path traversal?
18 | I tried to look for the .htaccess and .htpasswd file (where username and hashed passwords for the .htaccess login is stored.)
19 | ```
20 | http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=.htaccess
21 | Sorry the requested page cannot be shown/found.
22 |
23 | http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=.htpasswd
24 | Sorry the requested page cannot be shown/found.
25 | ```
26 | But they were not there.
27 | We know from earlier that there exist a secure/ directory, so we can attempt to look for them inside here aswell.
28 |
29 | ```
30 | http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=secure/.htaccess
31 | AuthType Basic AuthName "Secure area" AuthUserFile root/path/to/secure/.htpasswd require valid-user
32 |
33 | http://hack.bckdr.in/SECR/index.php?page=secure/.htpasswd
34 | vampire:dS/xVY4wI4PRU
35 | ```
36 |
37 | Jackpot!
38 |
39 | Lets see if we can crack the password with john the ripper.
40 |
41 | ```
42 | $ touch .htpasswd && echo "vampire:dS/xVY4wI4PRU" > .htpasswd
43 |
44 | $ john .htpasswd
45 | Loaded 1 password hash (descrypt, traditional crypt(3) [DES 128/128 SSE2-16])
46 | No password hashes left to crack (see FAQ)
47 |
48 | $ john --show .htpasswd
49 | vampire:blood
50 |
51 | 1 password hash cracked, 0 left
52 |
53 | ```
54 |
55 | Let's try to log in with our obtained credentials.
56 |
57 | Flag: b7de8530d887ef26c7f1531851877a3bfefab92e91ecdd4154138825449cbbd1
58 |
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/beginners/simple_cipher/readme.md:
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1 | # simple cipher
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | With the help of SDSLabs Mr John encrypted the flag.
5 | The encrypted text can be found here[http://hack.bckdr.in/CPHR/index.php]
6 | Created by: Vishrut Kumar Mishra
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 441
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 |
11 | The link leads us to this ciphertext;
12 | ```
13 | lkw qlby av qtpfyieidwnpawseycnicsdynjicklqevaciipoksabidpletelbmlpskkupsrrl
14 | ```
15 | This looks like a simple substitution cipher, and the first three words looks like "the flag is".
16 | Lets look at the differences and see if we can find a pattern. (I used ASCII values for the calculation)
17 | ```
18 | lkw qlby av
19 |
20 | the flag is
21 |
22 | l - t = 108 - 116 = -8
23 | k - h = 107 - 104 = 3
24 | w - e = 119 - 101 = 18
25 |
26 | q - f = 113 - 102 = 11
27 | l - l = 108 - 108 = 0
28 | b - a = 098 - 097 = 1
29 | y - g = 121 - 103 = 18
30 |
31 | a - i = 097 - 105 = -8
32 | v - s = 118 - 115 = 3
33 | ```
34 |
35 | Ok, so we might see a pattern here, meaning this could be a vignere cipher with the key being -8, 3, 18, 11, 0, 1, 18.
36 | Assuming an alphabet of a-z the actual key would be; [26 - 8, 3, 18, 11, 0, 1, 18] = [18, 3, 18, 11, 0, 1, 18]. Encoding this into an alphabet key, we get the word sdslabs.
37 |
38 | Lets try it here; http://www.mygeocachingprofile.com/codebreaker.vigenerecipher.aspx
39 | ```
40 | Alphabet: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
41 | Cipher Key: sdslabs
42 | ```
43 |
44 | the decoded message reveals the flag.
45 |
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/beginners/sound/readme.md:
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1 | # sound
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | According to sources of n00b, west-side building of hackland contains a flag. n00b attacked the building of pros only to taste defeat. But n00b laid hands on a suspicious file[http://hack.bckdr.in/SOUND/sound.mp3]. Find the flag and submit it.
5 | Created by: Amanpreet Singh
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 471
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 |
10 | Download the file & verify type.
11 | ```
12 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/SOUND/sound.mp3
13 | $ file sound.mp3
14 | sound.mp3: Audio file with ID3 version 2.4.0, extended header, contains: MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 128 kbps, 44.1 kHz, Monaural
15 |
16 | ```
17 |
18 | Okay, so we can listen to the file with audacity.
19 |
20 | ```
21 | $ audacity sound.mp3
22 | ```
23 |
24 | It sounds like its reversed. Lets try and apply the reverse effect to it and see if that helps [sound_reversed.mp3]. It now seems to sound more like language, but way to fast. Lets try to slow it down 50% [sound_reversed_slowed].
25 |
26 | "The flag is sha256 of upside_down"
27 |
28 | ```
29 | $ echo -n upside_down | sha256sum
30 | ```
31 |
32 | And we get our flag.
33 |
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/beginners/undisputed/n00b/n00b.txt:
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1 | flag: like_a_walk_in_a_park
2 |
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/beginners/undisputed/readme.md:
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1 | # undisputed
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | n00b found a file somewhere in the proland. Search this file[http://hack.bckdr.in/UNDISPUTED/file.ext4] to find the flag. Submit SHA-256 of the flag obtained.
5 | Created by: Amanpreet Singh
6 | No. of Correct Submissions: 772
7 |
8 | ## Solution
9 | Download the file and verify the extension before we mount it and inspect it.
10 | ```
11 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/UNDISPUTED/file.ext4
12 | $ file file.ext4
13 | file.ext4: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=088c23fa-b15c-4439-b709-990571544124 (extents) (huge files)
14 | $ sudo mount file.ext4 .
15 | ```
16 | Now lets inspect the noob.7z file inside.
17 |
18 | ```
19 | $ 7z x n00b.7z
20 |
21 | 7-Zip [64] 9.20 Copyright (c) 1999-2010 Igor Pavlov 2010-11-18
22 | p7zip Version 9.20 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,4 CPUs)
23 |
24 | Processing archive: n00b.7z
25 |
26 | Extracting n00b/n00b.txt
27 | Extracting n00b
28 |
29 | Everything is Ok
30 |
31 | Folders: 1
32 | Files: 1
33 | Size: 28
34 |
35 | ```
36 |
37 | Now simply look inside the n00b.txt file, generate the sha256sum of the content, and you got your flag.
38 |
39 | ```
40 | $ echo -n like_a_walk_in_a_park | sha256sum
41 | ```
42 |
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1 | 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2 |
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/beginners/wahtzdis/readme.md:
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1 | #wahtzdis
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Archaeologists have discovered a new script while exploring the ruins of an alien colony. But with all the 1337 archaeologists dead, only n00b can find out the what this[http://hack.bckdr.in/WAHTZDIS] means.
5 |
6 | Created by: Ashish Chaudhary
7 | No. of Correct Submissions: 405
8 |
9 | ## Solution
10 | The webste gives us a wall of gibberish. With a bit of googling we can find out that this is javascript encoded with JSFuck (http://esolangs.org/wiki/JSFuck).
11 |
12 | Simply run it in the console and we get this output
13 | ```
14 | ƒ anonymous() {
15 | alert('window.atob("eTB1X3czcjNfbHVja3lfN2gxNV83MW0zX24wMGI=")')
16 | }
17 | ```
18 | The atob function reveals that this is encoded with base64, so lets decode it.
19 |
20 | ```
21 | $ echo -n eTB1X3czcjNfbHVja3lf -dxNV83MW0zX24wMGI= | base64
22 | ```
23 |
24 | And the output is our flag. Generate the sha256sum and get your reward :)
25 |
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/practiceArena/.gitignore:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smholsen/backdoorctf/9d686a3640678cbb844117c92449bfb1d56a8bca/practiceArena/.gitignore
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/practiceArena/complex-rsa/flag.enc:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smholsen/backdoorctf/9d686a3640678cbb844117c92449bfb1d56a8bca/practiceArena/complex-rsa/flag.enc
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/practiceArena/complex-rsa/pubkey1:
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1 | -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
2 | MIGhMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GPADCBiwKBgQMVTKLNRDmtl+A4elFMl78hDPdf
3 | O88mJZRoO7U85plIEt9qGVXET58S6ZwqaYy5fw5H6OjRSKfzRy0rTeJUEK3yHkmL
4 | ubRmWgxm2NJm/yBjfqzycY2aWcHEo88CLwvyjVOJ1YZB892ZTvL/+ktw09OY6UhC
5 | APh3kwYQE6jtByzXfwIFCLugZRk=
6 | -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
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/practiceArena/complex-rsa/pubkey2:
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1 | -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
2 | MIIBGjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQcAMIIBAgKBgQMVTKLNRDmtl+A4elFMl78h
3 | DPdfO88mJZRoO7U85plIEt9qGVXET58S6ZwqaYy5fw5H6OjRSKfzRy0rTeJUEK3y
4 | HkmLubRmWgxm2NJm/yBjfqzycY2aWcHEo88CLwvyjVOJ1YZB892ZTvL/+ktw09OY
5 | 6UhCAPh3kwYQE6jtByzXfwJ8GhtIw6bOSmr248t4xV+sf1kpb0G7EeWKMB+40vPE
6 | frsV+j5o6fd/jFI5O+IiF13kp7xV2Z1RgBtaHb5y3W7/rlI586RI0+nvWqHJVF4a
7 | OEkYm+Y8Sf47lJJU1CDZgXZ3p9tK0fP135mzJX3WBMVyzuJeQ8JpQ8/RZJGAOw==
8 | -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
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/practiceArena/complex-rsa/readme.md:
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1 | # complex-rsa
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | noob heard that single RSA encryption can be cracked sometimes due to bad implementation, so he encrypted the message twice. See if you can break it.
5 | pubkey1[http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/pubkey1]
6 | pubkey2[http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/pubkey2]
7 | flag.enc[http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/flag.enc]
8 | Created by: Shishir
9 | No. of Correct Submissions: 6
10 |
11 | ## Solution
12 | Download and check content of files.
13 | ```
14 | wget http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/pubkey1 && wget http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/pubkey12 && wget http://hack.bckdr.in/COMPLEX-RSA/flag.enc
15 | ```
16 |
17 | We can inspect the public parameters of the keys using the PyCrypto library.
18 |
19 | ```python
20 | from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
21 |
22 | print '--- pubkey1 ---'
23 | f = open('pubkey1', 'r')
24 | publicKey1 = RSA.importKey(f.read())
25 | print 'N:', publicKey1.n
26 | print 'E:', publicKey1.e
27 | f.close()
28 | print '\n'
29 |
30 | print '--- pubkey2 ---'
31 | f = open('pubkey2', 'r')
32 | publicKey2 = RSA.importKey(f.read())
33 | print 'N:', publicKey2.n
34 | print 'E:', publicKey2.e
35 | f.close()
36 | print '\n'
37 | ```
38 |
39 | Outputs
40 | ```
41 | --- pubkey1 ---
42 | N: 554264859105764813308660999731057971935100899008191382001838196926947542874512190874402841957978974562758951331436856029517893995971179950228409634742368823490858553015862605452077729540463185207987338059905256552215054036643656077780363670065154151957507791559734841291875379738678210733333998195096643491711
43 | E: 37507589401
44 |
45 |
46 | --- pubkey2 ---
47 | N: 554264859105764813308660999731057971935100899008191382001838196926947542874512190874402841957978974562758951331436856029517893995971179950228409634742368823490858553015862605452077729540463185207987338059905256552215054036643656077780363670065154151957507791559734841291875379738678210733333998195096643491711
48 | E: 4268405784672563577566143285906824408738650526784746749170468318123056940297449811287105187623419766934370809781249030117023876215912795037797160740003478418767197450012472858547143622542113157392499087427939336504102036205305906052998841826136038160560099357503377453502865716581429205507834478651
49 |
50 | ```
51 | So it looks like both public keys have the same n, and pubkey 2 has a really large public exponent. From the description we can assume that the message was encrypted twice, such that
52 | ```
53 | c1 = m^e1 (mod N)
54 | c2 = c1^e2 (mod N)
55 | ```
56 | We can substitute c1 so that
57 |
58 | ```
59 | c2 = (m^e1)^e2 (mod N)
60 | c2 = m^(e1*e2) (mod N)
61 | ```
62 |
63 | A very large public exponent implies significantly small private decryption exponent. This means that we can try to use Wieners attack to obtain the private decryption exponent d.
64 |
65 | ```python
66 | import owiener
67 |
68 | print("--- Wiener's Attack ---")
69 |
70 | e = publicKey1.e * publicKey2.e
71 | n = publicKey2.n
72 | d = owiener.attack(e, n)
73 |
74 | if d is None:
75 | print("Failed")
76 | else:
77 | print("d={}".format(d))
78 |
79 | ```
80 |
81 | Outputs
82 |
83 | ```
84 | --- Wiener's Attack ---
85 | d=26303119241915216199594566239456133498871761271858884214528771406917554649451
86 |
87 | ```
88 | Now we got the private exponent!
89 |
90 | We can obtain a hexdump from the encrypted flag.enc file as such
91 | ```
92 | $ hexdump -ve '1/1 "%.2x"' flag.enc
93 |
94 | 02acd7d7f075333f571c1e342ccfdee05d9262beef9398e54d25f0c3a72d4817ce61971e546923bf5726299be22fd8a74fba6e39ca6b4c2cac7d88480a10f32c26ab5f84bc772c763094e7d4ad81a4d8b8c03bf19045303713ef53cf162fce89ca73ca6376bd73d808d9e9818a160c6be205591583032871127cbb363946812527
95 | ```
96 |
97 | Now we simply use that the message in clear, m, = c2^d (mod N).
98 |
99 | ```python
100 | c = '0x02acd7d7f075333f571c1e342ccfdee05d9262beef9398e54d25f0c3a72d4817ce61971e546923bf5726299be22fd8a74fba6e39ca6b4c2cac7d88480a10f32c26ab5f84bc772c763094e7d4ad81a4d8b8c03bf19045303713ef53cf162fce89ca73ca6376bd73d808d9e9818a160c6be205591583032871127cbb363946812527'
101 |
102 | # m = c^d mod n
103 | m = pow(int(c, 0), d, n)
104 | # mh = hex string from obtained number
105 | mh = hex(m)
106 |
107 | # Print ascii representation of obtained hex string
108 | print(bytearray.fromhex(mh[2:]).decode())
109 | ```
110 |
111 | Out comes the flag.
112 |
113 |
114 | ## Useful Resources
115 |
116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%27s_attack
117 |
118 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpPrrndyYNU
119 |
120 | https://github.com/orisano/owiener
121 |
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/practiceArena/complex-rsa/solver.py:
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1 | from Cryptodome import PublicKey
2 | from Cryptodome.PublicKey import RSA
3 | import owiener
4 |
5 |
6 | print('--- pubkey1 ---')
7 | f = open('pubkey1', 'r')
8 | publicKey1 = PublicKey.RSA.import_key(f.read())
9 | print('N:', publicKey1.n)
10 | print('E:', publicKey1.e)
11 | f.close()
12 | print('\n')
13 |
14 | print('--- pubkey2 ---')
15 | f = open('pubkey2', 'r')
16 | publicKey2 = PublicKey.RSA.importKey(f.read())
17 | print('N:', publicKey2.n)
18 | print('E:', publicKey2.e)
19 | f.close()
20 | print('\n')
21 |
22 | print("--- Wiener's Attack ---")
23 |
24 | e = publicKey1.e * publicKey2.e
25 | n = publicKey2.n
26 | d = owiener.attack(e, n)
27 |
28 | if d is None:
29 | print("Failed")
30 | else:
31 | print("Hacked d={}".format(d))
32 |
33 | c = '0x02acd7d7f075333f571c1e342ccfdee05d9262beef9398e54d25f0c3a72d4817ce61971e546923bf5726299be22fd8a74fba6e39ca6b4c2cac7d88480a10f32c26ab5f84bc772c763094e7d4ad81a4d8b8c03bf19045303713ef53cf162fce89ca73ca6376bd73d808d9e9818a160c6be205591583032871127cbb363946812527'
34 |
35 | # m = c^d mod n
36 | m = pow(int(c, 0), d, n)
37 | mh = hex(m)
38 |
39 | print(bytearray.fromhex(mh[2:]).decode())
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/practiceArena/find_me/100/99/98/97/96/95/94/93/92/91/90/89/88/87/86/85/84/83/82/81/80/79/78/77/76/75/74/73/72/71/70/69/68/67/66/65/64/63/62/61/60/59/58/57/56/55/54/53/52/51/50/49/48/47/46/45/44/43/42/41/40/39/38/37/36/35/34/33/32/31/30/29/28/27/26/25/24/23/22/21/20/19/18/17/16/15/14/13/12/11/10/9/8/7/6/5/4/3/2/1/flag.txt:
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1 | CTF{th1s_wh4t_a_fl4g_l00ks_l1ke}
2 |
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/practiceArena/find_me/find_me.tar.gz:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smholsen/backdoorctf/9d686a3640678cbb844117c92449bfb1d56a8bca/practiceArena/find_me/find_me.tar.gz
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/practiceArena/find_me/readme.md:
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1 | # find me
2 |
3 | ## Description
4 | Find the flag in 'flag.txt'.
5 |
6 | hack.bckdr.in/FINDME/find_me.tar.gz[http://hack.bckdr.in/FINDME/find_me.tar.gz]
7 | Created by: Ravinder Nehra
8 | No. of Correct Submissions: 264
9 |
10 | ## Solution
11 | - Download the file
12 | - Untar it
13 | - Realize it is a fucking deep tree
14 | - Traverse it recursively
15 | - Read the content of the bottom .txt file
16 | - Get the flag
17 |
18 | ```
19 | $ wget http://hack.bckdr.in/FINDME/find_me.tar.gz
20 | $ tar -xzf find_me
21 | $ ls -R 100/
22 | $ less 100/99/98/97/96/95/94/93/92/91/90/89/88/87/86/85/84/83/82/81/80/79/78/77/76/75/74/73/72/71/70/69/68/67/66/65/64/63/62/61/60/59/58/57/56/55/54/53/52/51/50/49/48/47/46/45/44/43/42/41/40/39/38/37/36/35/34/33/32/31/30/29/28/27/26/25/24/23/22/21/20/19/18/17/16/15/14/13/12/11/10/9/8/7/6/5/4/3/2/1/flag.txt
23 | ```
24 |
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/readme.md:
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1 | # Writeups for the CTF Challenges Hosted on backdoor.sdslabs.co
2 |
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