├── t1_24.bmp
├── t2_24.bmp
├── Shapes.bmp
├── Shapes_24.bmp
├── test_pnet.bmp
├── README.md
├── main.cpp
├── BMP.h
└── LICENSE


/t1_24.bmp:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sol-prog/cpp-bmp-images/HEAD/t1_24.bmp


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/t2_24.bmp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sol-prog/cpp-bmp-images/HEAD/t2_24.bmp


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Shapes.bmp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sol-prog/cpp-bmp-images/HEAD/Shapes.bmp


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Shapes_24.bmp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sol-prog/cpp-bmp-images/HEAD/Shapes_24.bmp


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/test_pnet.bmp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sol-prog/cpp-bmp-images/HEAD/test_pnet.bmp


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/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | Source files for [C++ reading and writing BMP images](https://solarianprogrammer.com/2018/11/19/cpp-reading-writing-bmp-images/).
2 | 
3 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/main.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | #include "BMP.h"
 3 | 
 4 | int main() {
 5 | 	BMP bmp9("t1_24.bmp");
 6 | 	bmp9.fill_region(0, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0, 255, 255);
 7 | 	bmp9.fill_region(150, 0, 100, 150, 0, 255, 0, 255);
 8 | 	bmp9.write("t1_24_copy.bmp");
 9 | 
10 | 	BMP bmp10("t2_24.bmp");
11 | 	bmp10.fill_region(0, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0, 255, 255);
12 | 	bmp10.fill_region(150, 0, 100, 150, 0, 255, 0, 255);
13 | 	bmp10.write("t2_24_copy.bmp");
14 | 
15 | 	BMP bmp5("Shapes_24.bmp");
16 | 	bmp5.fill_region(0, 0, 100, 200, 0, 0, 255, 255);
17 | 	bmp5.fill_region(150, 0, 209, 203, 0, 255, 0, 255);
18 | 	bmp5.write("Shapes_24_copy.bmp");
19 | 
20 | 	// Read an image from disk and write it back:
21 | 	BMP bmp("Shapes.bmp");
22 | 	bmp.fill_region(0, 0, 100, 200, 0, 0, 255, 255);
23 | 	bmp.write("Shapes_copy.bmp");
24 | 
25 | 	// Create a BMP image in memory, modify it, save it on disk
26 | 	BMP bmp2(800, 600);
27 | 	bmp2.fill_region(50, 20, 100, 200, 0, 0, 255, 255);
28 | 	bmp2.write("img_test.bmp");
29 | 
30 | 	// Create a 24 bits/pixel BMP image in memory, modify it, save it on disk
31 | 	BMP bmp3(200, 200, false);
32 | 	bmp3.fill_region(50, 20, 100, 100, 255, 0, 255, 255);
33 | 	bmp3.write("img_test_24bits.bmp");
34 | 
35 | 	BMP bmp4("img_test_24bits.bmp");
36 | 	bmp4.write("img_test_24bits_2.bmp");
37 | 
38 | 	BMP bmp6(403, 305, false);
39 | 	bmp6.fill_region(0, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0, 255, 0);
40 | 	bmp6.write("test6.bmp");
41 | 
42 | 	BMP bmp7("test6.bmp");
43 | 	bmp7.fill_region(0, 0, 40, 40, 255, 0, 0, 0);
44 | 	bmp7.write("test6_2.bmp");
45 | 
46 | 	BMP bmp8(200, 200, false);
47 | 	bmp8.fill_region(0, 0, 100, 100, 255, 0, 255, 255);
48 | 	bmp8.write("img_test_24bits_3.bmp");
49 | 
50 | 	BMP bmp11("test_pnet.bmp");
51 | 	bmp11.fill_region(0, 0, 100, 100, 255, 0, 255, 255);
52 | 	bmp11.write("test_pnet_copy.bmp");
53 | }
54 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/BMP.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma once
  2 | #include <fstream>
  3 | #include <vector>
  4 | #include <stdexcept>
  5 | #include <iostream>
  6 | 
  7 | #pragma pack(push, 1)
  8 | struct BMPFileHeader {
  9 |     uint16_t file_type{ 0x4D42 };          // File type always BM which is 0x4D42 (stored as hex uint16_t in little endian)
 10 |     uint32_t file_size{ 0 };               // Size of the file (in bytes)
 11 |     uint16_t reserved1{ 0 };               // Reserved, always 0
 12 |     uint16_t reserved2{ 0 };               // Reserved, always 0
 13 |     uint32_t offset_data{ 0 };             // Start position of pixel data (bytes from the beginning of the file)
 14 | };
 15 | 
 16 | struct BMPInfoHeader {
 17 |     uint32_t size{ 0 };                      // Size of this header (in bytes)
 18 |     int32_t width{ 0 };                      // width of bitmap in pixels
 19 |     int32_t height{ 0 };                     // width of bitmap in pixels
 20 |                                              //       (if positive, bottom-up, with origin in lower left corner)
 21 |                                              //       (if negative, top-down, with origin in upper left corner)
 22 |     uint16_t planes{ 1 };                    // No. of planes for the target device, this is always 1
 23 |     uint16_t bit_count{ 0 };                 // No. of bits per pixel
 24 |     uint32_t compression{ 0 };               // 0 or 3 - uncompressed. THIS PROGRAM CONSIDERS ONLY UNCOMPRESSED BMP images
 25 |     uint32_t size_image{ 0 };                // 0 - for uncompressed images
 26 |     int32_t x_pixels_per_meter{ 0 };
 27 |     int32_t y_pixels_per_meter{ 0 };
 28 |     uint32_t colors_used{ 0 };               // No. color indexes in the color table. Use 0 for the max number of colors allowed by bit_count
 29 |     uint32_t colors_important{ 0 };          // No. of colors used for displaying the bitmap. If 0 all colors are required
 30 | };
 31 | 
 32 | struct BMPColorHeader {
 33 |     uint32_t red_mask{ 0x00ff0000 };         // Bit mask for the red channel
 34 |     uint32_t green_mask{ 0x0000ff00 };       // Bit mask for the green channel
 35 |     uint32_t blue_mask{ 0x000000ff };        // Bit mask for the blue channel
 36 |     uint32_t alpha_mask{ 0xff000000 };       // Bit mask for the alpha channel
 37 |     uint32_t color_space_type{ 0x73524742 }; // Default "sRGB" (0x73524742)
 38 |     uint32_t unused[16]{ 0 };                // Unused data for sRGB color space
 39 | };
 40 | #pragma pack(pop)
 41 | 
 42 | struct BMP {
 43 |     BMPFileHeader file_header;
 44 |     BMPInfoHeader bmp_info_header;
 45 |     BMPColorHeader bmp_color_header;
 46 |     std::vector<uint8_t> data;
 47 | 
 48 |     BMP(const char *fname) {
 49 |         read(fname);
 50 |     }
 51 | 
 52 |     void read(const char *fname) {
 53 |         std::ifstream inp{ fname, std::ios_base::binary };
 54 |         if (inp) {
 55 |             inp.read((char*)&file_header, sizeof(file_header));
 56 |             if(file_header.file_type != 0x4D42) {
 57 |                 throw std::runtime_error("Error! Unrecognized file format.");
 58 |             }
 59 |             inp.read((char*)&bmp_info_header, sizeof(bmp_info_header));
 60 | 
 61 |             // The BMPColorHeader is used only for transparent images
 62 |             if(bmp_info_header.bit_count == 32) {
 63 |                 // Check if the file has bit mask color information
 64 |                 if(bmp_info_header.size >= (sizeof(BMPInfoHeader) + sizeof(BMPColorHeader))) {
 65 |                     inp.read((char*)&bmp_color_header, sizeof(bmp_color_header));
 66 |                     // Check if the pixel data is stored as BGRA and if the color space type is sRGB
 67 |                     check_color_header(bmp_color_header);
 68 |                 } else {
 69 |                     std::cerr << "Error! The file \"" << fname << "\" does not seem to contain bit mask information\n";
 70 |                     throw std::runtime_error("Error! Unrecognized file format.");
 71 |                 }
 72 |             }
 73 | 
 74 |             // Jump to the pixel data location
 75 |             inp.seekg(file_header.offset_data, inp.beg);
 76 | 
 77 |             // Adjust the header fields for output.
 78 |             // Some editors will put extra info in the image file, we only save the headers and the data.
 79 |             if(bmp_info_header.bit_count == 32) {
 80 |                 bmp_info_header.size = sizeof(BMPInfoHeader) + sizeof(BMPColorHeader);
 81 |                 file_header.offset_data = sizeof(BMPFileHeader) + sizeof(BMPInfoHeader) + sizeof(BMPColorHeader);
 82 |             } else {
 83 |                 bmp_info_header.size = sizeof(BMPInfoHeader);
 84 |                 file_header.offset_data = sizeof(BMPFileHeader) + sizeof(BMPInfoHeader);
 85 |             }
 86 |             file_header.file_size = file_header.offset_data;
 87 | 
 88 |             if (bmp_info_header.height < 0) {
 89 |                 throw std::runtime_error("The program can treat only BMP images with the origin in the bottom left corner!");
 90 |             }
 91 | 
 92 |             data.resize(bmp_info_header.width * bmp_info_header.height * bmp_info_header.bit_count / 8);
 93 | 
 94 |             // Here we check if we need to take into account row padding
 95 |             if (bmp_info_header.width % 4 == 0) {
 96 |                 inp.read((char*)data.data(), data.size());
 97 |                 file_header.file_size += static_cast<uint32_t>(data.size());
 98 |             }
 99 |             else {
100 |                 row_stride = bmp_info_header.width * bmp_info_header.bit_count / 8;
101 |                 uint32_t new_stride = make_stride_aligned(4);
102 |                 std::vector<uint8_t> padding_row(new_stride - row_stride);
103 | 
104 |                 for (int y = 0; y < bmp_info_header.height; ++y) {
105 |                     inp.read((char*)(data.data() + row_stride * y), row_stride);
106 |                     inp.read((char*)padding_row.data(), padding_row.size());
107 |                 }
108 |                 file_header.file_size += static_cast<uint32_t>(data.size()) + bmp_info_header.height * static_cast<uint32_t>(padding_row.size());
109 |             }
110 |         }
111 |         else {
112 |             throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open the input image file.");
113 |         }
114 |     }
115 | 
116 |     BMP(int32_t width, int32_t height, bool has_alpha = true) {
117 |         if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
118 |             throw std::runtime_error("The image width and height must be positive numbers.");
119 |         }
120 | 
121 |         bmp_info_header.width = width;
122 |         bmp_info_header.height = height;
123 |         if (has_alpha) {
124 |             bmp_info_header.size = sizeof(BMPInfoHeader) + sizeof(BMPColorHeader);
125 |             file_header.offset_data = sizeof(BMPFileHeader) + sizeof(BMPInfoHeader) + sizeof(BMPColorHeader);
126 | 
127 |             bmp_info_header.bit_count = 32;
128 |             bmp_info_header.compression = 3;
129 |             row_stride = width * 4;
130 |             data.resize(row_stride * height);
131 |             file_header.file_size = file_header.offset_data + data.size();
132 |         }
133 |         else {
134 |             bmp_info_header.size = sizeof(BMPInfoHeader);
135 |             file_header.offset_data = sizeof(BMPFileHeader) + sizeof(BMPInfoHeader);
136 | 
137 |             bmp_info_header.bit_count = 24;
138 |             bmp_info_header.compression = 0;
139 |             row_stride = width * 3;
140 |             data.resize(row_stride * height);
141 | 
142 |             uint32_t new_stride = make_stride_aligned(4);
143 |             file_header.file_size = file_header.offset_data + static_cast<uint32_t>(data.size()) + bmp_info_header.height * (new_stride - row_stride);
144 |         }
145 |     }
146 | 
147 |     void write(const char *fname) {
148 |         std::ofstream of{ fname, std::ios_base::binary };
149 |         if (of) {
150 |             if (bmp_info_header.bit_count == 32) {
151 |                 write_headers_and_data(of);
152 |             }
153 |             else if (bmp_info_header.bit_count == 24) {
154 |                 if (bmp_info_header.width % 4 == 0) {
155 |                     write_headers_and_data(of);
156 |                 }
157 |                 else {
158 |                     uint32_t new_stride = make_stride_aligned(4);
159 |                     std::vector<uint8_t> padding_row(new_stride - row_stride);
160 | 
161 |                     write_headers(of);
162 | 
163 |                     for (int y = 0; y < bmp_info_header.height; ++y) {
164 |                         of.write((const char*)(data.data() + row_stride * y), row_stride);
165 |                         of.write((const char*)padding_row.data(), padding_row.size());
166 |                     }
167 |                 }
168 |             }
169 |             else {
170 |                 throw std::runtime_error("The program can treat only 24 or 32 bits per pixel BMP files");
171 |             }
172 |         }
173 |         else {
174 |             throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open the output image file.");
175 |         }
176 |     }
177 | 
178 |     void fill_region(uint32_t x0, uint32_t y0, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint8_t B, uint8_t G, uint8_t R, uint8_t A) {
179 |         if (x0 + w > (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.width || y0 + h > (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.height) {
180 |             throw std::runtime_error("The region does not fit in the image!");
181 |         }
182 | 
183 |         uint32_t channels = bmp_info_header.bit_count / 8;
184 |         for (uint32_t y = y0; y < y0 + h; ++y) {
185 |             for (uint32_t x = x0; x < x0 + w; ++x) {
186 |                 data[channels * (y * bmp_info_header.width + x) + 0] = B;
187 |                 data[channels * (y * bmp_info_header.width + x) + 1] = G;
188 |                 data[channels * (y * bmp_info_header.width + x) + 2] = R;
189 |                 if (channels == 4) {
190 |                     data[channels * (y * bmp_info_header.width + x) + 3] = A;
191 |                 }
192 |             }
193 |         }
194 |     }
195 | 
196 |     void set_pixel(uint32_t x0, uint32_t y0, uint8_t B, uint8_t G, uint8_t R, uint8_t A) {
197 |         if (x0 >= (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.width || y0 >= (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.height || x0 < 0 || y0 < 0) {
198 |             throw std::runtime_error("The point is outside the image boundaries!");
199 |         }
200 | 
201 |         uint32_t channels = bmp_info_header.bit_count / 8;
202 |         data[channels * (y0 * bmp_info_header.width + x0) + 0] = B;
203 |         data[channels * (y0 * bmp_info_header.width + x0) + 1] = G;
204 |         data[channels * (y0 * bmp_info_header.width + x0) + 2] = R;
205 |         if (channels == 4) {
206 |             data[channels * (y0 * bmp_info_header.width + x0) + 3] = A;
207 |         }
208 |     }
209 | 
210 |     void draw_rectangle(uint32_t x0, uint32_t y0, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
211 |                         uint8_t B, uint8_t G, uint8_t R, uint8_t A, uint8_t line_w) {
212 |         if (x0 + w > (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.width || y0 + h > (uint32_t)bmp_info_header.height) {
213 |             throw std::runtime_error("The rectangle does not fit in the image!");
214 |         }
215 | 
216 |         fill_region(x0, y0, w, line_w, B, G, R, A);                                             // top line
217 |         fill_region(x0, (y0 + h - line_w), w, line_w, B, G, R, A);                              // bottom line
218 |         fill_region((x0 + w - line_w), (y0 + line_w), line_w, (h - (2 * line_w)), B, G, R, A);  // right line
219 |         fill_region(x0, (y0 + line_w), line_w, (h - (2 * line_w)), B, G, R, A);                 // left line
220 |     }
221 | 
222 | private:
223 |     uint32_t row_stride{ 0 };
224 | 
225 |     void write_headers(std::ofstream &of) {
226 |         of.write((const char*)&file_header, sizeof(file_header));
227 |         of.write((const char*)&bmp_info_header, sizeof(bmp_info_header));
228 |         if(bmp_info_header.bit_count == 32) {
229 |             of.write((const char*)&bmp_color_header, sizeof(bmp_color_header));
230 |         }
231 |     }
232 | 
233 |     void write_headers_and_data(std::ofstream &of) {
234 |         write_headers(of);
235 |         of.write((const char*)data.data(), data.size());
236 |     }
237 | 
238 |     // Add 1 to the row_stride until it is divisible with align_stride
239 |     uint32_t make_stride_aligned(uint32_t align_stride) {
240 |         uint32_t new_stride = row_stride;
241 |         while (new_stride % align_stride != 0) {
242 |             new_stride++;
243 |         }
244 |         return new_stride;
245 |     }
246 | 
247 |     // Check if the pixel data is stored as BGRA and if the color space type is sRGB
248 |     void check_color_header(BMPColorHeader &bmp_color_header) {
249 |         BMPColorHeader expected_color_header;
250 |         if(expected_color_header.red_mask != bmp_color_header.red_mask ||
251 |             expected_color_header.blue_mask != bmp_color_header.blue_mask ||
252 |             expected_color_header.green_mask != bmp_color_header.green_mask ||
253 |             expected_color_header.alpha_mask != bmp_color_header.alpha_mask) {
254 |             throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected color mask format! The program expects the pixel data to be in the BGRA format");
255 |         }
256 |         if(expected_color_header.color_space_type != bmp_color_header.color_space_type) {
257 |             throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected color space type! The program expects sRGB values");
258 |         }
259 |     }
260 | };
261 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 |                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  2 |                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
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158 | conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
159 | permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
160 | covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
161 | content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
162 | rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
163 | 
164 |   You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
165 | convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
166 | in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
167 | of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
168 | with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
169 | the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
170 | not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
171 | for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
172 | and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
173 | your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
174 | 
175 |   Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
176 | the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
177 | makes it unnecessary.
178 | 
179 |   3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
180 | 
181 |   No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
182 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
183 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
184 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
185 | measures.
186 | 
187 |   When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
188 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
189 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
190 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
191 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
192 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
193 | technological measures.
194 | 
195 |   4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
196 | 
197 |   You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
198 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
199 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
200 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
201 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
202 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
203 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
204 | 
205 |   You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
206 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
207 | 
208 |   5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
209 | 
210 |   You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
213 | 
214 |     a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
215 |     it, and giving a relevant date.
216 | 
217 |     b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
218 |     released under this License and any conditions added under section
219 |     7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
220 |     "keep intact all notices".
221 | 
222 |     c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
223 |     License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
224 |     License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
225 |     additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
226 |     regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
227 |     permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
228 |     invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
229 | 
230 |     d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
231 |     Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
232 |     interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
233 |     work need not make them do so.
234 | 
235 |   A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
241 | beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
243 | parts of the aggregate.
244 | 
245 |   6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
246 | 
247 |   You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
250 | in one of these ways:
251 | 
252 |     a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
253 |     (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
254 |     Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
255 |     customarily used for software interchange.
256 | 
257 |     b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
258 |     (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
259 |     written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
260 |     long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
261 |     model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
262 |     copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
263 |     product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
264 |     medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
265 |     more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
266 |     conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
267 |     Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
268 | 
269 |     c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
270 |     written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
271 |     alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
272 |     only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
273 |     with subsection 6b.
274 | 
275 |     d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
276 |     place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
277 |     Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
278 |     further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
279 |     Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
280 |     copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
281 |     may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
282 |     that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
283 |     clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
284 |     Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
285 |     Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
286 |     available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
287 | 
288 |     e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
289 |     you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
290 |     Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
291 |     charge under subsection 6d.
292 | 
293 |   A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 | included in conveying the object code work.
296 | 
297 |   A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 | into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 | the only significant mode of use of the product.
309 | 
310 |   "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 | modification has been made.
317 | 
318 |   If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 | by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 | been installed in ROM).
328 | 
329 |   The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 | protocols for communication across the network.
336 | 
337 |   Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 | unpacking, reading or copying.
342 | 
343 |   7. Additional Terms.
344 | 
345 |   "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 | that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions.
353 | 
354 |   When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 | it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
360 | 
361 |   Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
364 | 
365 |     a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 |     terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
367 | 
368 |     b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 |     author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 |     Notices displayed by works containing it; or
371 | 
372 |     c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 |     requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
374 |     reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
375 | 
376 |     d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
377 |     authors of the material; or
378 | 
379 |     e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 |     trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
381 | 
382 |     f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
383 |     material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
384 |     it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 |     any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 |     those licensors and authors.
387 | 
388 |   All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying.
397 | 
398 |   If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 | where to find the applicable terms.
402 | 
403 |   Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 | the above requirements apply either way.
406 | 
407 |   8. Termination.
408 | 
409 |   You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 | provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 | paragraph of section 11).
414 | 
415 |   However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation.
421 | 
422 |   Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 | your receipt of the notice.
428 | 
429 |   Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 | this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 | material under section 10.
434 | 
435 |   9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
436 | 
437 |   You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 | run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 | modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 | not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
445 | 
446 |   10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
447 | 
448 |   Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 | propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
452 | 
453 |   An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 | organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
462 | 
463 |   You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
470 | 
471 |   11. Patents.
472 | 
473 |   A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
476 | 
477 |   A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 | this License.
486 | 
487 |   Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version.
491 | 
492 |   In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 | sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 | patent against the party.
498 | 
499 |   If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 | 
513 |   If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 | 
521 |   A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 | 
536 |   Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 | 
540 |   12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 | 
542 |   If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 | 
552 |   13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 | 
554 |   Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 | 
563 |   14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 | 
565 |   The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 | 
570 |   Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 | 
579 |   If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 | 
584 |   Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 | 
589 |   15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 | 
591 |   THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 | 
600 |   16. Limitation of Liability.
601 | 
602 |   IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 | 
612 |   17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 | 
614 |   If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 | 
621 |                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 | 
623 |             How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 | 
625 |   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 | 
629 |   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 | 
634 |     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
635 |     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
636 | 
637 |     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 |     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 |     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 |     (at your option) any later version.
641 | 
642 |     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 |     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 |     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
645 |     GNU General Public License for more details.
646 | 
647 |     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 |     along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
649 | 
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 | 
652 |   If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 | 
655 |     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
656 |     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 |     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 |     under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 | 
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 | 
664 |   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
668 | 
669 |   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
674 | <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
675 | 


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