├── index.html ├── sample_sql ├── CMS_01_Title_and_Category_of_Entries.sql ├── CMS_02_Display_an_Entry.sql ├── CMS_03_Count_Entries_by_Category.sql ├── CMS_04_Entries_Sorted_Latest_First.sql ├── CMS_05_Categories_INNER_JOIN_Entries.sql ├── CMS_06_Categories_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql ├── CMS_07_Categories_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql ├── CMS_08_Categories_FULL_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql ├── CMS_09_Left_outer_join_UNION_right_outer_join.sql ├── CMS_10_CREATE_VIEW.sql ├── CMS_11_Derived_tables.sql ├── CMS_12_Date_comparisons.sql ├── CMS_13_Correlated_subquery.sql ├── CMS_14_Content_and_Comment_tables.sql ├── CMS_15_Add_FK_to_entries.sql ├── CMS_16_Supercategories.sql ├── CMS_17_Entrykeywords.sql ├── Cart_01_Comparison_operators.sql ├── Cart_02_LIKE_and_BETWEEN.sql ├── Cart_03_ORDER_BY_price.sql ├── Cart_04_ANDs_and_ORs.sql ├── Cart_05_WHERE_1=1_and_WHERE_1=0.sql ├── Cart_06_IN_subquery.sql ├── Cart_07_NOT_EXISTS_and_NOT_IN.sql ├── Cart_08_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_with_IS_NULL.sql ├── Cart_09_Detail_rows.sql ├── Cart_10_Group_rows.sql ├── Cart_11_GROUP_BY_with_WHERE.sql ├── Cart_12_GROUP_BY_with_HAVING.sql ├── Cart_13_ORDER_BY_qty_DESC.sql ├── Cart_14_ORDER_BY_total.sql ├── Cart_15_ORDER_BY_with_NULLs_last.sql ├── Cart_16_Details_and_Totals.sql ├── Cart_17_Vendors.sql ├── Forums_01_Setup.sql ├── Forums_02_Aggregate_functions.sql ├── Forums_03_COUNT.sql ├── Forums_04_Scalar_functions.sql ├── Forums_05_Foreign_keys.sql ├── Teams_01_CREATE_ALTER_DROP.sql ├── Teams_02_INSERT.sql ├── Teams_03_DELETE_INSERT.sql ├── Teams_04_UPDATE.sql ├── Teams_05_DELETE.sql ├── Teams_06_FROM_teans.sql ├── Teams_07_Games.sql ├── test_01_illustrated.sql ├── test_02_DECIMAL.sql ├── test_03_FLOAT.sql └── test_04_SUM_times.sql └── shared ├── archive.css ├── book-cover.png └── sitepoint-logo.gif /index.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Simply SQL 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |

13 | 14 |

Simply SQL

15 |

Code Archive

16 |

17 |

Sample Applications & Examples

18 |

Teams & Games 20 |
1. Teams_01_CREATE_ALTER_DROP.sql
2. Teams_02_INSERT.sql
3. Teams_03_DELETE_INSERT.sql
4. Teams_04_UPDATE.sql
5. Teams_05_DELETE.sql
6. Teams_06_FROM_teans.sql
7. Teams_07_Games.sql
29 |
Content Management System 31 |
1. CMS_01_Title_and_Category_of_Entries.sql
2. CMS_02_Display_an_Entry.sql
3. CMS_03_Count_Entries_by_Category.sql
4. CMS_04_Entries_Sorted_Latest_First.sql
5. CMS_05_Categories_INNER_JOIN_Entries.sql
6. CMS_06_Categories_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql
7. CMS_07_Categories_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql
8. CMS_08_Categories_FULL_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql
9. CMS_09_Left_outer_join_UNION_right_outer_join.sql
10. CMS_10_CREATE_VIEW.sql
11. CMS_11_Derived_tables.sql
12. CMS_12_Date_comparisons.sql
13. CMS_13_Correlated_subquery.sql
14. CMS_14_Content_and_Comment_tables.sql
15. CMS_15_Add_FK_to_entries.sql
16. CMS_16_Supercategories.sql
17. CMS_17_Entrykeywords.sql
50 |
Discussion Forums 52 |
1. Forums_01_Setup.sql
2. Forums_02_Aggregate_functions.sql
3. Forums_03_COUNT.sql
4. Forums_04_Scalar_functions.sql
5. Forums_05_Foreign_keys.sql
59 |
Shopping Carts 61 |
1. Cart_01_Comparison_operators.sql
2. Cart_02_LIKE_and_BETWEEN.sql
3. Cart_03_ORDER_BY_price.sql
4. Cart_04_ANDs_and_ORs.sql
5. Cart_05_WHERE_1=1_and_WHERE_1=0.sql
6. Cart_06_IN_subquery.sql
7. Cart_07_NOT_EXISTS_and_NOT_IN.sql
8. Cart_08_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_with_IS_NULL.sql
9. Cart_09_Detail_rows.sql
10. Cart_10_Group_rows.sql
11. Cart_11_GROUP_BY_with_WHERE.sql
12. Cart_12_GROUP_BY_with_HAVING.sql
13. Cart_13_ORDER_BY_qty_DESC.sql
14. Cart_14_ORDER_BY_total.sql
15. Cart_15_ORDER_BY_with_NULLs_last.sql
16. Cart_16_Details_and_Totals.sql
17. Cart_17_Vendors.sql
80 |
Other Examples 82 |
88 |

90 |

91 | 92 |

Links

93 |

99 | 100 | 101 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_01_Title_and_Category_of_Entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 2: SELECT Overview */ 2 | 3 | /* Title and Category of Entries */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE entries 6 | ( 7 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , title VARCHAR(99) NOT NULL 9 | /* Note: use DATETIME if your database system does not support TIMESTAMP */ 10 | , created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL 11 | , updated TIMESTAMP NULL 12 | , category VARCHAR(37) NULL 13 | , content TEXT NULL 14 | ); 15 | 16 | INSERT INTO entries 17 | ( id , title , created , updated , category ) 18 | VALUES 19 | (423 , 'What If I Get Sick and Die?' , '2008-12-30' , '2009-03-11' , 'angst') 20 | ; 21 | INSERT INTO entries 22 | ( id , title , created , updated , category ) 23 | VALUES 24 | (524 , 'Uncle Karl and the Gasoline' , '2009-02-28' , NULL , 'humor') 25 | ; 26 | INSERT INTO entries 27 | ( id , title , created , updated , category ) 28 | VALUES 29 | (537 , 'Be Nice to Everybody' , '2009-03-02' , NULL , 'advice') 30 | ; 31 | INSERT INTO entries 32 | ( id , title , created , updated , category ) 33 | VALUES 34 | (573 , 'Hello Statue' , '2009-03-17' , NULL , 'humor') 35 | ; 36 | INSERT INTO entries 37 | ( id , title , created , updated , category ) 38 | VALUES 39 | (598 , 'The Size of Our Galaxy' , '2009-04-03' , NULL , 'science') 40 | ; 41 | 42 | SELECT 43 | title 44 | , category 45 | FROM 46 | entries 47 | ; 48 | /* Results should look like this -- 49 | title category 50 | What If I Get Sick and Die? angst 51 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline humor 52 | Be Nice to Everybody advice 53 | Hello Statue humor 54 | The Size of Our Galaxy science 55 | */ 56 | 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_02_Display_an_Entry.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 2: SELECT Overview */ 2 | 3 | /* Display an Entry */ 4 | 5 | /* We must first provide the contents for the sample entry. 6 | This is done by updating the existing row. Notice the 7 | WHERE clause at the end of the UPDATE statement. */ 8 | 9 | UPDATE 10 | entries 11 | SET 12 | content = 'When I was about nine or ten, my Uncle Karl, who 13 | would''ve been in his late teens or early twenties, once performed 14 | what to me seemed like a magic trick. 15 | 16 | Using a rubber hose, which he snaked down into the gas tank of my 17 | father''s car, he siphoned some gasoline into his mouth, lit a match, 18 | held it up a few inches in front of his face, and then, with explosive 19 | force, sprayed the gasoline out towards the lit match. 20 | 21 | Of course, a huge fireball erupted, much to the delight of the kids 22 | watching. I don''t recall if he did it more than once. 23 | 24 | The funny part of this story? We lived to tell it. 25 | 26 | Karl was like that.' 27 | WHERE 28 | id = 524 29 | ; 30 | 31 | SELECT 32 | title 33 | , created 34 | , content 35 | FROM 36 | entries 37 | WHERE 38 | id = 524 39 | ; 40 | /* Results should look like this -- 41 | title created content 42 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 When I was about nine or ten, my Uncle Karl, who 43 | would've been in his late teens or early twenties, once performed 44 | what to me seemed like a magic trick. 45 | 46 | Using a rubber hose, which he snaked down into the gas tank of my 47 | father's car, he siphoned some gasoline into his mouth, lit a match, 48 | held it up a few inches in front of his face, and then, with explosive 49 | force, sprayed the gasoline out towards the lit match. 50 | 51 | Of course, a huge fireball erupted, much to the delight of the kids 52 | watching. I don't recall if he did it more than once. 53 | 54 | The funny part of this story? We lived to tell it. 55 | 56 | Karl was like that. 57 | */ 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_03_Count_Entries_by_Category.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 2: SELECT Overview */ 2 | 3 | /* Count Entries by Category */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | category 7 | , COUNT(*) AS articles 8 | FROM 9 | entries 10 | GROUP BY 11 | category 12 | ; 13 | /* Results should look like this -- 14 | category articles 15 | advice 1 16 | angst 1 17 | humor 2 18 | science 1 19 | */ 20 | 21 | SELECT 22 | category 23 | , COUNT(*) AS articles 24 | FROM 25 | entries 26 | GROUP BY 27 | category 28 | HAVING 29 | COUNT(*) > 1 30 | ; 31 | /* Results should look like this -- 32 | category articles 33 | humor 2 34 | */ 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_04_Entries_Sorted_Latest_First.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 2: SELECT Overview */ 2 | 3 | /* Entries Sorted Latest First */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | title 7 | , created 8 | FROM 9 | entries 10 | ORDER BY 11 | created DESC 12 | ; 13 | /* Results should look like this -- 14 | title created 15 | The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 16 | Hello Statue 2009-03-17 17 | Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 18 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 19 | What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 20 | */ 21 | 22 | SELECT 23 | title 24 | , category 25 | , created 26 | FROM 27 | entries 28 | ORDER BY 29 | category 30 | , created DESC 31 | ; 32 | /* Results should look like this -- 33 | title category created 34 | Be Nice to Everybody advice 2009-03-02 35 | What If I Get Sick and Die? angst 2008-12-30 36 | Hello Statue humor 2009-03-17 37 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline humor 2009-02-28 38 | The Size of Our Galaxy science 2009-04-03 39 | */ 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_05_Categories_INNER_JOIN_Entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Categories INNER JOIN Entries */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE categories 6 | ( 7 | category VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , name VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 9 | ); 10 | 11 | INSERT INTO categories 12 | VALUES 13 | ( 'blog' , 'Log on to My Blog' ) 14 | , ( 'humor' , 'Humorous Anecdotes' ) 15 | , ( 'angst' , 'Stories from the Id' ) 16 | , ( 'advice' , 'Gentle Words of Advice' ) 17 | , ( 'science' , 'Our Spectacular Universe' ) 18 | ; 19 | 20 | SELECT 21 | category 22 | , name 23 | FROM 24 | categories 25 | ; 26 | /* Results should look like this -- 27 | category name 28 | advice Gentle Words of Advice 29 | angst Stories from the Id 30 | blog Log On to My Blog 31 | humor Humorous Anecdotes 32 | science Our Spectacular Universe 33 | */ 34 | 35 | 36 | SELECT 37 | categories.name 38 | , entries.title 39 | , entries.created 40 | FROM 41 | categories 42 | INNER JOIN entries 43 | ON entries.category = categories.category 44 | ; 45 | /* Results should look like this -- 46 | name title created 47 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 48 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 49 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 50 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 51 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 52 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_06_Categories_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Categories LEFT OUTER JOIN Entries */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | categories.name 7 | , entries.title 8 | , entries.created 9 | FROM 10 | categories 11 | LEFT OUTER JOIN entries 12 | ON entries.category = categories.category 13 | ; 14 | /* Results should look like this -- 15 | name title created 16 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 17 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 18 | Log On to My Blog [NULL] [NULL] 19 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 20 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 21 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 22 | */ 23 | 24 | 25 | /* Entries RIGHT OUTER JOIN Categories */ 26 | 27 | SELECT 28 | categories.name 29 | , entries.title 30 | , entries.created 31 | FROM 32 | entries 33 | RIGHT OUTER JOIN categories 34 | ON categories.category = entries.category 35 | ; 36 | /* Results should look identical to Categories LEFT OUTER JOIN Entries -- 37 | name title created 38 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 39 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 40 | Log On to My Blog [NULL] [NULL] 41 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 42 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 43 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 44 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_07_Categories_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Categories RIGHT OUTER JOIN Entries */ 4 | 5 | /* First, run the RIGHT OUTER JOIN on the tables as is */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | categories.name 9 | , entries.title 10 | , entries.created 11 | FROM 12 | categories 13 | RIGHT OUTER JOIN entries 14 | ON entries.category = categories.category 15 | ; 16 | /* Results should look like this -- 17 | name title created 18 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 19 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 20 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 21 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 22 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 23 | 24 | Note: sequence will likely be different than the results of the 25 | INNER JOIN. This time, because the entries table is an outer table, 26 | the database system will execute the join differently, returning the 27 | same result rows, but not necessarily in the same sequence. Note that 28 | none of the join queries up to this point has used an ORDER BY clause. 29 | 30 | Another advantage of having a simple, small sample of data is that 31 | visual checking, even when rows are presented in slightly different 32 | sequences, remains feasible. 33 | 34 | */ 35 | 36 | 37 | INSERT INTO entries 38 | (id , title , created , updated , category) 39 | VALUES 40 | (605 , 'Windows Media Center Rocks' , '2009-04-29' , NULL , 'computers') 41 | ; 42 | 43 | SELECT 44 | title 45 | , created 46 | , category 47 | FROM 48 | entries 49 | ; 50 | /* Results should look like this -- 51 | title created category 52 | What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 angst 53 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 humor 54 | Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 advice 55 | Hello Statue 2009-03-17 humor 56 | The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 science 57 | Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 computers 58 | */ 59 | 60 | SELECT 61 | categories.name 62 | , entries.title 63 | , entries.created 64 | FROM 65 | categories 66 | RIGHT OUTER JOIN entries 67 | ON entries.category = categories.category 68 | ; 69 | /* Results should look like this -- 70 | name title created 71 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 72 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 73 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 74 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 75 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 76 | Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 77 | */ 78 | 79 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_08_Categories_FULL_OUTER_JOIN_Entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Categories FULL OUTER JOIN Entries */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | categories.name 7 | , entries.title 8 | , entries.created 9 | FROM 10 | categories 11 | FULL OUTER JOIN entries 12 | ON entries.category = categories.category 13 | ; 14 | /* Results should look like this -- 15 | name title created 16 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 17 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 18 | Log on to My Blog 19 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 20 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 21 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 22 | Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 23 | */ 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_09_Left_outer_join_UNION_right_outer_join.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Left outer join UNION right outer join */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | categories.name 7 | , entries.title 8 | , entries.created 9 | FROM 10 | categories 11 | LEFT OUTER JOIN entries 12 | ON entries.category = categories.category 13 | 14 | UNION 15 | 16 | SELECT 17 | categories.name 18 | , entries.title 19 | , entries.created 20 | FROM 21 | categories 22 | RIGHT OUTER JOIN entries 23 | ON entries.category = categories.category 24 | ; 25 | /* Results should look identical to FULL OUTER JOIN -- 26 | name title created 27 | Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 28 | Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 29 | Log on to My Blog 30 | Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 31 | Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 2009-03-17 32 | Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 33 | Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 34 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_10_CREATE_VIEW.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Views */ 4 | 5 | CREATE VIEW entries_with_category 6 | AS 7 | SELECT 8 | entries.title 9 | , entries.created 10 | , categories.name AS category_name 11 | FROM 12 | entries 13 | INNER JOIN categories 14 | ON categories.category = entries.category 15 | ; 16 | /* CREATE VIEW will fail in MySQL prior to version 5 */ 17 | 18 | /* SQL Server requires GO before running the SELECT from the view 19 | GO 20 | */ 21 | 22 | SELECT 23 | title 24 | , category_name 25 | FROM 26 | entries_with_category 27 | ; 28 | /* Results should look like -- 29 | title category_name 30 | What If I Get Sick and Die? Stories from the Id 31 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline Humorous Anecdotes 32 | Be Nice to Everybody Gentle Words of Advice 33 | Hello Statue Humorous Anecdotes 34 | The Size of Our Galaxy Our Spectacular Universe 35 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_11_Derived_tables.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Derived tables */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | title 7 | , category_name 8 | FROM ( 9 | SELECT 10 | entries.title 11 | , entries.created 12 | , categories.name AS category_name 13 | FROM 14 | entries 15 | INNER JOIN categories 16 | ON categories.category = entries.category 17 | ) AS entries_with_category 18 | ; 19 | /* Results should look like -- 20 | title category_name 21 | What If I Get Sick and Die? Stories from the Id 22 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline Humorous Anecdotes 23 | Be Nice to Everybody Gentle Words of Advice 24 | Hello Statue Humorous Anecdotes 25 | The Size of Our Galaxy Our Spectacular Universe 26 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_12_Date_comparisons.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Date Comparisons */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | title 7 | , created 8 | FROM 9 | entries 10 | WHERE 11 | created <= '2009-04-03' 12 | ; 13 | /* Results should look like this -- 14 | title created 15 | What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 16 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 17 | Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 18 | Hello Statue 2009-03-17 19 | The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 20 | */ 21 | 22 | /* Entries posted in last 5 days */ 23 | 24 | /* There will never be results from either of the next two queries. 25 | The first date in the BETWEEN expression is later than the second. 26 | This is a semantic error, not a syntax error. 27 | */ 28 | SELECT 29 | title 30 | , created 31 | FROM 32 | entries 33 | WHERE 34 | created BETWEEN CURRENT_DATE AND CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 5 DAY 35 | ; 36 | SELECT 37 | title 38 | , created 39 | FROM 40 | entries 41 | WHERE 42 | created BETWEEN '2009-03-20' 43 | AND '2009-03-15' 44 | ; 45 | 46 | /* There will never be results from the next query either. 47 | It's the same problem as the BETWEEN semantic error. 48 | */ 49 | SELECT 50 | title 51 | , created 52 | FROM 53 | entries 54 | WHERE 55 | '2009-03-20' <= created 56 | AND created <= '2009-03-15' 57 | ; 58 | 59 | /* The correct semantics: */ 60 | 61 | SELECT 62 | title 63 | , created 64 | FROM 65 | entries 66 | WHERE 67 | created BETWEEN '2009-03-15' AND '2009-03-20' 68 | ; 69 | /* Results should look like this -- 70 | title created 71 | Hello Statue 2009-03-17 72 | */ 73 | 74 | 75 | SELECT 76 | title 77 | , created 78 | FROM 79 | entries 80 | WHERE 81 | created BETWEEN CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 5 DAY AND CURRENT_DATE 82 | ; 83 | /* There will be results from the sample data only if 84 | you happen to run this query on the right date. 85 | The CMS sample data contains future dates (at the 86 | time of printing). When you run the query, perhaps 87 | one of those dates will be within the last five days. 88 | */ 89 | 90 | 91 | /* Entries posted in February 2009 */ 92 | 93 | SELECT 94 | title 95 | , created 96 | FROM 97 | entries 98 | WHERE 99 | created BETWEEN '2009-02-01' AND '2009-03-01' 100 | ; 101 | /* Results should look like this -- 102 | title created 103 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 104 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_13_Correlated_subquery.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Correlated subquery */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | category 7 | , title 8 | , created 9 | FROM 10 | entries AS t 11 | WHERE 12 | created = ( 13 | SELECT 14 | MAX(created) 15 | FROM 16 | entries 17 | WHERE 18 | category = t.category 19 | ) 20 | ; 21 | /* Results should look like -- 22 | category title created 23 | angst What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 24 | advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 25 | humor Hello Statue 2009-03-17 26 | science The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 27 | computers Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 28 | */ 29 | 30 | /* Join to "max" derived table */ 31 | 32 | SELECT 33 | t.category 34 | , t.title 35 | , t.created 36 | FROM 37 | entries AS t 38 | INNER JOIN ( 39 | SELECT 40 | category 41 | , MAX(created) AS maxdate 42 | FROM 43 | entries 44 | GROUP BY 45 | category 46 | ) AS m 47 | ON m.category = t.category AND m.maxdate = t.created 48 | ; 49 | /* Results should look like -- 50 | category title created 51 | advice Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 52 | angst What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 53 | computers Windows Media Center Rocks 2009-04-29 54 | humor Hello Statue 2009-03-17 55 | science The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 56 | */ 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_14_Content_and_Comment_tables.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 5: GROUP BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Content and Comment tables */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE contents 6 | ( 7 | entry_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , content TEXT NOT NULL 9 | ); 10 | INSERT INTO contents 11 | ( entry_id , content ) 12 | SELECT 13 | id 14 | , content 15 | FROM 16 | entries 17 | WHERE 18 | NOT ( content IS NULL ) 19 | ; 20 | SELECT * 21 | FROM contents 22 | ; 23 | /* Results should look like -- 24 | id content 25 | 524 When I was about nine or ten ... 26 | */ 27 | 28 | 29 | ALTER TABLE entries 30 | DROP COLUMN 31 | content 32 | ; 33 | SELECT 34 | * 35 | FROM 36 | entries 37 | ; 38 | /* Results should show all sample rows, 39 | not including the content column 40 | */ 41 | 42 | 43 | CREATE TABLE comments 44 | ( 45 | entry_id INTEGER NOT NULL 46 | , username VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 47 | /* Note: use DATETIME if your database system does not support TIMESTAMP */ 48 | , created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL 49 | , PRIMARY KEY ( entry_id, username, created ) 50 | , revised TIMESTAMP NULL 51 | , comment TEXT NOT NULL 52 | ); 53 | INSERT INTO comments 54 | VALUES 55 | ( 524, 'Steve0', '2009-03-05', NULL ,'Sounds like fun. Must try that.') 56 | ; 57 | INSERT INTO comments 58 | VALUES 59 | ( 524, 'r937' , '2009-03-06', NULL ,'I tasted gasoline once. Not worth the discomfort.') 60 | ; 61 | INSERT INTO comments 62 | VALUES 63 | ( 524, 'J4s0n' , '2009-03-16','2009-03-17','You and your uncle are both idiots.') 64 | ; 65 | SELECT 66 | * 67 | FROM 68 | comments 69 | ; 70 | /* Results should look like -- 71 | entry_id username created updated comment 72 | 524 J4s0n 2009-03-16 2009-03-17 You and your uncle are both idiots. 73 | 524 r937 2009-03-06 I tasted gasoline once. Not worth the discomfort. 74 | 524 Steve0 2009-03-05 Sounds like fun. Must try that. 75 | */ 76 | 77 | SELECT 78 | entries.id 79 | , entries.title 80 | , entries.created 81 | , contents.content 82 | FROM 83 | entries 84 | LEFT OUTER JOIN contents 85 | ON contents.entry_id = entries.id 86 | ; 87 | /* Results should look like this -- 88 | id title created content 89 | 423 What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 90 | 524 Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 When I was about ... 91 | 537 Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 92 | 573 Hello Statue 2009-03-17 93 | 598 The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 94 | */ 95 | 96 | SELECT 97 | entries.id 98 | , entries.title 99 | , entries.created 100 | , contents.content 101 | , COUNT(comments.entry_id) AS comment_count 102 | FROM 103 | entries 104 | LEFT OUTER JOIN contents 105 | ON contents.entry_id = entries.id 106 | LEFT OUTER JOIN comments 107 | ON comments.entry_id = entries.id 108 | GROUP BY 109 | entries.id 110 | , entries.title 111 | , entries.created 112 | , contents.content 113 | ; 114 | /* Results, if you get them, should look like this -- 115 | id title created content comment_count 116 | 423 What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 0 117 | 524 Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 When I was about ... 3 118 | 537 Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 0 119 | 573 Hello Statue 2009-03-17 0 120 | 598 The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 0 121 | */ 122 | 123 | 124 | SELECT 125 | entries.id 126 | , entries.title 127 | , entries.created 128 | , contents.content 129 | , c.comment_count 130 | FROM 131 | entries 132 | LEFT OUTER JOIN contents 133 | ON contents.entry_id = entries.id 134 | LEFT OUTER JOIN ( 135 | SELECT 136 | entry_id 137 | , COUNT(*) AS comment_count 138 | FROM 139 | comments 140 | GROUP BY 141 | entry_id 142 | ) AS c 143 | ON c.entry_id = entries.id 144 | ; 145 | /* Results should look like this -- 146 | id title created content comment_count 147 | 423 What If I Get Sick and Die? 2008-12-30 148 | 524 Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 2009-02-28 When I was about ... 3 149 | 537 Be Nice to Everybody 2009-03-02 150 | 573 Hello Statue 2009-03-17 151 | 598 The Size of Our Galaxy 2009-04-03 152 | 153 | Notice that comment_count is NULL for some rows, instead of 0. 154 | 155 | */ 156 | 157 | SELECT 158 | entries.id 159 | , entries.title 160 | , entries.created 161 | , contents.content 162 | , ( SELECT 163 | COUNT(entry_id) 164 | FROM 165 | comments 166 | WHERE 167 | entry_id = entries.id 168 | ) AS comment_count 169 | FROM 170 | entries 171 | LEFT OUTER JOIN contents 172 | ON contents.entry_id = entries.id 173 | ; 174 | /* Results here are the same as the original GROUP BY query, 175 | with 0 instead of NULL. 176 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_15_Add_FK_to_entries.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 11: Special Structures */ 2 | 3 | /* Joining a table to itself */ 4 | 5 | /* Confirm that there is a missing category */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | entries.title 9 | , entries.category 10 | FROM 11 | entries 12 | LEFT OUTER JOIN categories 13 | ON categories.category = entries.category 14 | WHERE 15 | categories.category IS NULL 16 | ; 17 | /* Results should look like this -- 18 | title category 19 | Windows Media Center Rocks computers 20 | */ 21 | 22 | /* Add the missing category */ 23 | 24 | INSERT INTO categories 25 | ( category, name ) 26 | VALUES 27 | ( 'computers' , 'Information Technology' ) 28 | ; 29 | 30 | /* If necessary (it is for MySQL), index the FK column first */ 31 | 32 | ALTER TABLE entries 33 | ADD INDEX category_ix (category) 34 | ; 35 | 36 | /* Add the foreign key */ 37 | 38 | ALTER TABLE entries 39 | ADD CONSTRAINT 40 | category_fk 41 | FOREIGN KEY (category) 42 | REFERENCES categories (category) 43 | ON DELETE CASCADE 44 | ON UPDATE CASCADE 45 | ; 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_16_Supercategories.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 11: Special Structures */ 2 | 3 | /* Joining a table to itself */ 4 | 5 | /* Create the reflexive parent ("supercategory") relationship */ 6 | 7 | ALTER TABLE categories 8 | ADD COLUMN parent VARCHAR(9) NULL 9 | ; 10 | 11 | /* If necessary (it is for MySQL), index the FK column first */ 12 | 13 | ALTER TABLE categories 14 | ADD INDEX parent_ix (parent) 15 | ; 16 | 17 | /* Add the foreign key */ 18 | 19 | ALTER TABLE categories 20 | ADD CONSTRAINT 21 | parent_fk 22 | FOREIGN KEY (parent) 23 | REFERENCES categories (category) 24 | ; 25 | 26 | /* Dump the categories table to show that the parent 27 | column still needs to be populated 28 | */ 29 | SELECT 30 | category 31 | , name 32 | , parent 33 | FROM 34 | categories 35 | ; 36 | /* Results should look like this -- 37 | category name parent 38 | advice Gentle Words of Advice 39 | angst Stories from the Id 40 | blog Log on to My Blog 41 | computers Information Technology 42 | humor Humorous Anecdotes 43 | science Our Spectacular Universe 44 | */ 45 | 46 | /* Categorize the categories */ 47 | 48 | INSERT INTO categories 49 | ( category, name ) 50 | VALUES 51 | ( 'general' , 'Articles and Resources' ) 52 | , ( 'personal' , 'Personal Stories and Ideas' ) 53 | ; 54 | UPDATE 55 | categories 56 | SET 57 | parent = 'general' 58 | WHERE 59 | category in ( 'computers', 'science' ) 60 | ; 61 | UPDATE 62 | categories 63 | SET 64 | parent = 'personal' 65 | WHERE 66 | category in ( 'advice', 'angst', 'blog', 'humor' ) 67 | ; 68 | SELECT 69 | category 70 | , name 71 | , parent 72 | FROM 73 | categories 74 | ORDER BY 75 | parent 76 | , category 77 | ; 78 | /* Results should look like this -- 79 | category name parent 80 | general Articles and Resources 81 | personal Personal Stories and Ideas 82 | computers Information Technology general 83 | science Our Spectacular Universe general 84 | advice Gentle Words of Advice personal 85 | angst Stories from the Id personal 86 | blog Log on to My Blog personal 87 | humor Humorous Anecdotes personal 88 | */ 89 | 90 | /* Join the table to itself */ 91 | 92 | SELECT 93 | cat.name AS supercategory 94 | , sub.name AS category 95 | FROM 96 | categories AS cat 97 | INNER JOIN categories AS sub 98 | ON sub.parent = cat.name 99 | ORDER BY 100 | cat.name 101 | , sub.name 102 | ; 103 | /* Results should look like this -- 104 | supercategory category 105 | Articles and Resources Information Technology 106 | Articles and Resources Our Spectacular Universe 107 | Personal Stories and Ideas Gentle Words of Advice 108 | Personal Stories and Ideas Humorous Anecdotes 109 | Personal Stories and Ideas Log on to My Blog 110 | Personal Stories and Ideas Stories from the Id 111 | */ 112 | 113 | /* Extend the join to the entries table */ 114 | 115 | SELECT 116 | cat.name AS supercategory 117 | , sub.name AS category 118 | , entries.title 119 | FROM 120 | categories AS cat 121 | INNER JOIN categories AS sub 122 | ON sub.parent = cat.category 123 | LEFT OUTER JOIN entries 124 | ON entries.category = sub.category 125 | ORDER BY 126 | cat.name 127 | , sub.name 128 | , entries.title 129 | ; 130 | /* Results should look like this -- 131 | supercategory category title 132 | Articles and Resources Information Technology Windows Media Center Rocks 133 | Articles and Resources Our Spectacular Universe The Size of Our Galaxy 134 | Personal Stories and Ideas Gentle Words of Advice Be Nice to Everybody 135 | Personal Stories and Ideas Humorous Anecdotes Hello Statue 136 | Personal Stories and Ideas Humorous Anecdotes Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 137 | Personal Stories and Ideas Log on to My Blog 138 | Personal Stories and Ideas Stories from the Id What If I Get Sick and Die? 139 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/CMS_17_Entrykeywords.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 11: Special Structures */ 2 | 3 | /* Keywords */ 4 | 5 | /* Create the entrykeywords table */ 6 | 7 | CREATE TABLE entrykeywords 8 | ( 9 | entry_id INTEGER NOT NULL 10 | , keyword VARCHAR(99) NOT NULL 11 | , PRIMARY KEY ( entry_id, keyword ) 12 | , CONSTRAINT entry_fk 13 | FOREIGN KEY (entry_id) 14 | REFERENCES entries (id) 15 | ); 16 | 17 | /* To populate the entrykeywords table, let's first run 18 | a quick query to confirm the entry id values, which 19 | we'll need when assigning keywords. Note how the 20 | subsequent INSERT statement has been "constructed" 21 | by text-editing the results of this query. 22 | */ 23 | SELECT 24 | title 25 | , id 26 | FROM 27 | entries 28 | ; 29 | /* Results should look like this -- 30 | title id 31 | What If I Get Sick and Die? 423 32 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline 524 33 | Be Nice to Everybody 537 34 | Hello Statue 573 35 | The Size of Our Galaxy 598 36 | Windows Media Center Rocks 605 37 | */ 38 | 39 | INSERT INTO entrykeywords 40 | ( entry_id, keyword ) 41 | VALUES 42 | /* What If I Get Sick and Die? */ 43 | /* Uncle Karl and the Gasoline */ (524,'family'),(524,'reckless') 44 | /* Be Nice to Everybody */ , (537,'my three rules'),(537,'family') 45 | /* Hello Statue */ 46 | /* The Size of Our Galaxy */ , (598,'astronomy') 47 | /* Windows Media Center Rocks */ , (605,'windows'),(605,'television') 48 | ; 49 | 50 | /* Confirm */ 51 | 52 | SELECT 53 | entry_id 54 | , keyword 55 | FROM 56 | entrykeywords 57 | ; 58 | /* Results should look like this -- 59 | entry_id keyword 60 | 524 family 61 | 524 reckless 62 | 537 family 63 | 537 my three rules 64 | 598 astronomy 65 | 605 television 66 | 605 windows 67 | */ 68 | 69 | SELECT 70 | entries.title 71 | , GROUP_CONCAT(entrykeywords.keyword) AS keywords 72 | FROM 73 | entries 74 | LEFT OUTER JOIN entrykeywords 75 | ON entrykeywords.entry_id = entries.id 76 | GROUP BY 77 | entries.title 78 | ; 79 | /* Results should look like this -- 80 | title keywords 81 | Be Nice to Everybody family,my three rules 82 | Hello Statue 83 | The Size of Our Galaxy astronomy 84 | Uncle Karl and the Gasoline family,reckless 85 | What If I Get Sick and Die? 86 | Windows Media Center Rocks television,windows 87 | */ 88 | 89 | /* Finally, gather the keywords, in preparation for 90 | creating the keywords table. 91 | */ 92 | SELECT DISTINCT 93 | keyword 94 | FROM 95 | entrykeywords 96 | ; 97 | /* Results should look like this -- 98 | keyword 99 | family 100 | reckless 101 | my three rules 102 | astronomy 103 | television 104 | windows 105 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_01_Comparison_operators.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* WHERE price equals value */ 4 | 5 | /* First, let's create and populate the items table */ 6 | 7 | CREATE TABLE items 8 | ( 9 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 10 | , name VARCHAR(21) NOT NULL 11 | , type VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL 12 | , price DECIMAL(5,2) NULL 13 | ); 14 | 15 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5021,'thingie' ,'widgets', 9.37 ); 16 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5022,'gadget' ,'doodads', 19.37 ); 17 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5023,'dingus' ,'gizmos' , 29.37 ); 18 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5041,'gewgaw' ,'widgets', 5.00 ); 19 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5042,'knickknack' ,'doodads', 10.00 ); 20 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5043,'whatnot' ,'gizmos' , 15.00 ); 21 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5061,'bric-a-brac' ,'widgets', 2.00 ); 22 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5062,'folderol' ,'doodads', 4.00 ); 23 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5063,'jigger' ,'gizmos' , 6.00 ); 24 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5901,'doohickey' ,'widgets', 12.00 ); 25 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5902,'gimmick' ,'doodads', 9.37 ); 26 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5903,'dingbat' ,'gizmos' , 9.37 ); 27 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5911,'thingamajig' ,'widgets', NULL ); 28 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5912,'thingamabob' ,'doodads', NULL ); 29 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5913,'thingum' ,'gizmos' , NULL ); 30 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5931,'contraption' ,'widgets', 49.95 ); 31 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5932,'whatchamacallit','doodads', 59.95 ); 32 | INSERT INTO items VALUES (5937,'whatsis' ,'gizmos' , NULL ); 33 | 34 | SELECT 35 | name 36 | , type 37 | , price 38 | FROM 39 | items 40 | ; 41 | /* Results should look like this -- 42 | name type price 43 | thingie widgets 9.37 44 | gadget doodads 19.37 45 | dingus gizmos 29.37 46 | gewgaw widgets 5.00 47 | knickknack doodads 10.00 48 | whatnot gizmos 15.00 49 | bric-a-brac widgets 2.00 50 | folderol doodads 4.00 51 | jigger gizmos 6.00 52 | doohickey widgets 12.00 53 | gimmick doodads 9.37 54 | dingbat gizmos 9.37 55 | thingamajig widgets 56 | thingamabob doodads 57 | thingum gizmos 58 | contraption widgets 49.95 59 | whatchamacallit doodads 59.95 60 | whatsis gizmos 61 | */ 62 | 63 | SELECT 64 | name 65 | , type 66 | FROM 67 | items 68 | WHERE 69 | price = 9.37 70 | ; 71 | /* Results should look like this -- 72 | name type 73 | thingie widgets 74 | gimmick doodads 75 | dingbat gizmos 76 | */ 77 | 78 | SELECT 79 | name 80 | , price 81 | FROM 82 | items 83 | WHERE 84 | price < 10.00 85 | ; 86 | /* Results should look like this -- 87 | name price 88 | thingie 9.37 89 | gewgaw 5.00 90 | bric-a-brac 2.00 91 | folderol 4.00 92 | jigger 6.00 93 | gimmick 9.37 94 | dingbat 9.37 95 | */ 96 | 97 | SELECT 98 | name 99 | , type 100 | FROM 101 | items 102 | WHERE 103 | name < 'C' 104 | ; 105 | /* Results should look like this -- 106 | name type 107 | bric-a-brac widgets 108 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_02_LIKE_and_BETWEEN.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* WHERE name LIKE pattern */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | name 7 | , type 8 | FROM 9 | items 10 | WHERE 11 | name LIKE 'thing%' 12 | ; 13 | /* Results should look like this -- 14 | name type 15 | thingie widgets 16 | thingamajig widgets 17 | thingamabob doodads 18 | thingum gizmos 19 | */ 20 | 21 | 22 | /* WHERE price BETWEEN values */ 23 | 24 | SELECT 25 | name 26 | , price 27 | FROM 28 | items 29 | WHERE 30 | price BETWEEN 5.00 AND 10.00 31 | ; 32 | SELECT 33 | name 34 | , price 35 | FROM 36 | items 37 | WHERE 38 | 5.00 <= price AND price <= 10.00 39 | ; 40 | /* Results of both queries should look like this -- 41 | name price 42 | thingie 9.37 43 | gewgaw 5.00 44 | knickknack 10.00 45 | jigger 6.00 46 | gimmick 9.37 47 | dingbat 9.37 48 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_03_ORDER_BY_price.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 8: The ORDER BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* ORDER BY price, when some prices are NULL */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | name 7 | , price 8 | FROM 9 | items 10 | ORDER BY 11 | price 12 | ; 13 | /* Results should look like this -- 14 | name price 15 | whatsis 16 | thingum 17 | thingamabob 18 | thingamajig 19 | bric-a-brac 2.00 20 | folderol 4.00 21 | gewgaw 5.00 22 | jigger 6.00 23 | dingbat 9.37 24 | gimmick 9.37 25 | thingie 9.37 26 | knickknack 10.00 27 | doohickey 12.00 28 | whatnot 15.00 29 | gadget 19.37 30 | dingus 29.37 31 | contraption 49.95 32 | whatchamacallit 59.95 33 | */ 34 | 35 | SELECT 36 | name 37 | , price 38 | FROM 39 | items 40 | ORDER BY 41 | price DESC 42 | ; 43 | /* Results should look like this -- 44 | name price 45 | whatchamacallit 59.95 46 | contraption 49.95 47 | dingus 29.37 48 | gadget 19.37 49 | whatnot 15.00 50 | doohickey 12.00 51 | knickknack 10.00 52 | dingbat 9.37 53 | gimmick 9.37 54 | thingie 9.37 55 | jigger 6.00 56 | gewgaw 5.00 57 | folderol 4.00 58 | bric-a-brac 2.00 59 | thingamajig 60 | thingamabob 61 | thingum 62 | whatsis 63 | */ 64 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_04_ANDs_and_ORs.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* ANDs and ORs */ 4 | 5 | /* First, supply missing prices */ 6 | 7 | UPDATE 8 | items 9 | SET 10 | price = 22.22 11 | WHERE 12 | name IN ( 'thingamajig' 13 | , 'thingamabob' 14 | , 'thingum' ) 15 | ; 16 | UPDATE 17 | items 18 | SET 19 | price = 93.70 20 | WHERE 21 | name = 'whatsis' 22 | ; 23 | 24 | /* Next, create customers, carts, and cartitems */ 25 | 26 | CREATE TABLE customers 27 | ( 28 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 29 | , name VARCHAR(99) NOT NULL 30 | , billaddr VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL 31 | , shipaddr VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'See billing address.' 32 | ); 33 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (710,'A. Jones','123 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 34 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (730,'B. Smith','456 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 35 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (750,'C. Brown','789 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 36 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (770,'D. White','246 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 37 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (820,'E. Baker','135 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 38 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (840,'F. Black','468 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 39 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr) VALUES (860,'G. Scott','357 Sesame St., Eureka, KS'); 40 | INSERT INTO customers (id, name, billaddr, shipaddr) VALUES (880,'H. Clark','937 Sesame St., Eureka, KS', 'P.O. Box 9, Toledo, OH' ); 41 | 42 | CREATE TABLE carts 43 | ( 44 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 45 | , customer_id INTEGER NOT NULL 46 | /* Note: use DATETIME if your database system does not support TIMESTAMP */ 47 | , cartdate TIMESTAMP NOT NULL 48 | ); 49 | 50 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (2131,710,'2008-09-03 00:00:00'); 51 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (2461,820,'2008-09-16 00:00:00'); 52 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (2921,730,'2008-09-19 00:00:00'); 53 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (2937,750,'2008-09-21 00:00:00'); 54 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3001,750,'2008-09-23 00:00:00'); 55 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3002,730,'2008-10-07 00:00:00'); 56 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3081,880,'2008-10-13 00:00:00'); 57 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3197,770,'2008-10-14 00:00:00'); 58 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3321,860,'2008-10-26 00:00:00'); 59 | INSERT INTO carts (id, customer_id, cartdate) VALUES (3937,750,'2008-10-28 00:00:00'); 60 | 61 | CREATE TABLE cartitems 62 | ( 63 | cart_id INTEGER NOT NULL 64 | , item_id INTEGER NOT NULL 65 | /* Remove the DEFAULT and CHECK constraint if not supported */ 66 | , qty SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 67 | CHECK ( qty <= 10 ) 68 | ); 69 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2131,5902,3); 70 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2131,5913,2); 71 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2461,5043,3); 72 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2461,5901,2); 73 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2921,5023,3); 74 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2921,5937,2); 75 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (2937,5913,1); 76 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3001,5912,3); 77 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3001,5937,2); 78 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3002,5901,1); 79 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3081,5023,3); 80 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3081,5913,2); 81 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3197,5932,1); 82 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3321,5932,3); 83 | INSERT INTO cartitems (cart_id, item_id, qty) VALUES (3937,5913,3); 84 | 85 | 86 | /* The following query will be used again in Chapter 5. Here, it 87 | serves to confirm that the tables have been populated properly. 88 | */ 89 | 90 | SELECT 91 | customers.name AS customer 92 | , carts.id AS cart 93 | , items.name AS item 94 | , cartitems.qty 95 | , items.price 96 | , cartitems.qty 97 | * items.price AS total 98 | FROM 99 | customers 100 | INNER JOIN carts 101 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 102 | INNER JOIN cartitems 103 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 104 | INNER JOIN items 105 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 106 | ORDER BY 107 | customers.name 108 | , carts.id 109 | , items.name 110 | ; 111 | /* Results should look like this -- 112 | customer cart item qty price total 113 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 3 9.37 28.11 114 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 115 | B. Smith 2921 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 116 | B. Smith 2921 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 117 | B. Smith 3002 doohickey 1 12.00 12.00 118 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 1 22.22 22.22 119 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 3 22.22 66.66 120 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 121 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 3 22.22 66.66 122 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 1 59.95 59.95 123 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 2 12.00 24.00 124 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 3 15.00 45.00 125 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 3 59.95 179.85 126 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 127 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 128 | */ 129 | 130 | 131 | /* Query with incorrect OR condition */ 132 | 133 | SELECT 134 | id 135 | , name 136 | , billaddr 137 | FROM 138 | customers 139 | WHERE 140 | name = 'A. Jones' OR 'B. Smith' 141 | ; 142 | /* This query will fail on a syntax error in all database systems 143 | except MySQL, which will return this -- 144 | id name billaddr 145 | 710 A. Jones 123 Sesame St., Eureka, KS 146 | */ 147 | 148 | 149 | /* ANDs and ORs */ 150 | 151 | SELECT 152 | customers.name AS customer 153 | , carts.id AS cart 154 | , items.name AS item 155 | FROM 156 | customers 157 | INNER JOIN carts 158 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 159 | INNER JOIN cartitems 160 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 161 | INNER JOIN items 162 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 163 | WHERE 164 | customers.name = 'A. Jones' OR customers.name = 'B. Smith' 165 | AND items.name = 'thingum' 166 | ; 167 | /* Results should look like this -- 168 | customer cart item 169 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 170 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 171 | */ 172 | 173 | /* The query above returns no rows for B. Smith because B. Smith 174 | did not purchase any thingums. It returns all items for A. Jones. 175 | The same results are produced if the WHERE clause is -- 176 | 177 | WHERE customers.name = 'A. Jones' 178 | OR ( customers.name = 'B. Smith' AND items.name = 'thingum' ) 179 | 180 | */ 181 | 182 | 183 | SELECT 184 | customers.name AS customer 185 | , carts.id AS cart 186 | , items.name AS item 187 | FROM 188 | customers 189 | INNER JOIN carts 190 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 191 | INNER JOIN cartitems 192 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 193 | INNER JOIN items 194 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 195 | WHERE 196 | (customers.name = 'A. Jones' OR customers.name = 'B. Smith' ) 197 | AND items.name = 'thingum' 198 | ; 199 | /* Results should look like this -- 200 | customer cart item 201 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 202 | */ 203 | 204 | 205 | /* In the section on IN conditions (later on in the chapter), 206 | the above WHERE clause is rewritten as follows, with 207 | of course the same results: 208 | 209 | WHERE customers.name IN ( 'A. Jones', 'B. Smith' ) 210 | AND items.name = 'thingum' 211 | 212 | */ 213 | 214 | 215 | /* Here's the same query, using a NOT IN condition */ 216 | 217 | SELECT 218 | customers.name AS customer 219 | , carts.id AS cart 220 | , items.name AS item 221 | FROM 222 | customers 223 | INNER JOIN carts 224 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 225 | INNER JOIN cartitems 226 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 227 | INNER JOIN items 228 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 229 | WHERE 230 | NOT ( customers.name IN ( 'A. Jones', 'B. Smith' ) ) 231 | ; 232 | /* Results should look like this -- 233 | customer cart item 234 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 235 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 236 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 237 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 238 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 239 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 240 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 241 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 242 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 243 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 244 | */ 245 | 246 | /* The above WHERE clause can also be written as follows with, 247 | of course, the same results: 248 | 249 | WHERE customers.name NOT IN ( 'A. Jones', 'B. Smith' ) 250 | 251 | Two more WHERE clauses can be tried on the same query: 252 | 253 | WHERE NOT ( customers.name = 'A. Jones' ) 254 | 255 | WHERE customers.name NOT = 'A. Jones' 256 | 257 | This last one will not work at all. 258 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_05_WHERE_1=1_and_WHERE_1=0.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* WHERE 1=1 and WHERE 1=0 */ 4 | 5 | /* The following query will be mentioned again in Chapter 7. 6 | Here, it serves to produce the contents for the HTML 7 | drop-down list which precedes the WHERE 1=1 example. 8 | */ 9 | 10 | SELECT DISTINCT 11 | type 12 | FROM 13 | items 14 | ; 15 | /* Results should look like this -- 16 | type 17 | widgets 18 | doodads 19 | gizmos 20 | */ 21 | 22 | SELECT 23 | name 24 | , price 25 | FROM 26 | items 27 | WHERE 28 | type = 'widgets' 29 | AND price BETWEEN 10.00 AND 20.00 30 | ; 31 | /* Results should look like this -- 32 | name price 33 | doohickey 12.00 34 | */ 35 | 36 | SELECT 37 | name 38 | , price 39 | FROM 40 | items 41 | WHERE 42 | type = 'widgets' 43 | ; 44 | /* Results should look like this -- 45 | name price 46 | thingie 9.37 47 | gewgaw 5.00 48 | bric-a-brac 2.00 49 | doohickey 12.00 50 | thingamajig 22.22 51 | contraption 49.95 52 | */ 53 | 54 | /* The following query, of course, produces the 55 | same results as the above. 56 | */ 57 | SELECT 58 | name 59 | , price 60 | FROM 61 | items 62 | WHERE 63 | 1=1 64 | AND type = 'widgets' 65 | ; 66 | 67 | SELECT 68 | id 69 | , name 70 | , billaddr 71 | , shipaddr 72 | FROM 73 | customers 74 | WHERE 75 | 1=0 76 | OR name LIKE '%Toledo%' 77 | OR billaddr LIKE '%Toledo%' 78 | OR shipaddr LIKE '%Toledo%' 79 | ; 80 | /* Results should look like this -- 81 | id name billaddr shipaddr 82 | 880 H. Clark 937 Sesame St., Eureka, KS P.O. Box 9, Toledo, OH 83 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_06_IN_subquery.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* IN subquery */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | name 7 | FROM 8 | items 9 | WHERE 10 | id IN ( 11 | SELECT 12 | cartitems.item_id 13 | FROM 14 | carts 15 | INNER JOIN cartitems 16 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 17 | WHERE 18 | carts.customer_id = 750 19 | ) 20 | ; 21 | /* Results should look like this -- 22 | name 23 | thingamabob 24 | thingum 25 | whatsis 26 | */ 27 | 28 | /* Notice that the subquery can be run by itself, 29 | and that it returns item 5913 twice. 30 | */ 31 | 32 | SELECT 33 | cartitems.item_id 34 | FROM 35 | carts 36 | INNER JOIN cartitems 37 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 38 | WHERE 39 | carts.customer_id = 750 40 | ; 41 | /* Results should look like this -- 42 | item_id 43 | 5913 44 | 5912 45 | 5937 46 | 5913 47 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_07_NOT_EXISTS_and_NOT_IN.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* NOT EXISTS and NOT IN */ 4 | 5 | /* The following three queries all produce the same results. 6 | */ 7 | 8 | SELECT 9 | name 10 | FROM 11 | customers 12 | WHERE 13 | NOT EXISTS ( 14 | SELECT 15 | 1 16 | FROM 17 | carts 18 | WHERE 19 | customer_id = customers.id 20 | ) 21 | ; 22 | SELECT 23 | name 24 | FROM 25 | customers 26 | WHERE 27 | NOT ( 28 | id IN ( 29 | SELECT 30 | customer_id 31 | FROM 32 | carts 33 | ) 34 | ) 35 | ; 36 | SELECT 37 | name 38 | FROM 39 | customers AS t 40 | WHERE 41 | NOT ( 42 | id IN ( 43 | SELECT 44 | customer_id 45 | FROM 46 | carts 47 | WHERE 48 | customer_id = t.id 49 | ) 50 | ) 51 | ; 52 | /* Results should look like this -- 53 | name 54 | F. Black 55 | */ 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_08_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN_with_IS_NULL.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 4: The WHERE Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* LEFT OUTER JOIN with IS NULL */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | customers.name 7 | FROM 8 | customers 9 | LEFT OUTER JOIN carts 10 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 11 | WHERE 12 | carts.customer_id IS NULL 13 | ; 14 | /* Results should look like this -- 15 | name 16 | F. Black 17 | */ 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_09_Detail_rows.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 5: The GROUP BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Detailed rows */ 4 | 5 | /* This is the same query used in Chapter 4 */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | customers.name AS customer 9 | , carts.id AS cart 10 | , items.name AS item 11 | , cartitems.qty 12 | , items.price 13 | , cartitems.qty 14 | * items.price AS total 15 | FROM 16 | customers 17 | INNER JOIN carts 18 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 19 | INNER JOIN cartitems 20 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 21 | INNER JOIN items 22 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 23 | ORDER BY 24 | customers.name 25 | , carts.id 26 | , items.name 27 | ; 28 | /* Results should look like this -- 29 | customer cart item qty price total 30 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 3 9.37 28.11 31 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 32 | B. Smith 2921 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 33 | B. Smith 2921 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 34 | B. Smith 3002 doohickey 1 12.00 12.00 35 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 1 22.22 22.22 36 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 3 22.22 66.66 37 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 38 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 3 22.22 66.66 39 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 1 59.95 59.95 40 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 2 12.00 24.00 41 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 3 15.00 45.00 42 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 3 59.95 179.85 43 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 44 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 45 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_10_Group_rows.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 5: The GROUP BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Grouped rows */ 4 | 5 | /* First, GROUP BY customer and cart */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | customers.name AS customer 9 | , carts.id AS cart 10 | , COUNT(items.name) AS items 11 | , SUM(cartitems.qty 12 | * items.price) AS total 13 | FROM 14 | customers 15 | INNER JOIN carts 16 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 17 | INNER JOIN cartitems 18 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 19 | INNER JOIN items 20 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 21 | GROUP BY 22 | customers.name 23 | , carts.id 24 | ; 25 | /* Results should look like this -- 26 | customer cart items total 27 | A. Jones 2131 2 72.55 28 | B. Smith 2921 2 275.51 29 | B. Smith 3002 1 12.00 30 | C. Brown 2937 1 22.22 31 | C. Brown 3001 2 254.06 32 | C. Brown 3937 1 66.66 33 | D. White 3197 1 59.95 34 | E. Baker 2461 2 69.00 35 | G. Scott 3321 1 179.85 36 | H. Clark 3081 2 132.55 37 | */ 38 | 39 | 40 | /* Next, GROUP BY customer only */ 41 | 42 | SELECT 43 | customers.name AS customer 44 | , COUNT(items.name) AS items 45 | , SUM(cartitems.qty 46 | * items.price) AS total 47 | FROM 48 | customers 49 | INNER JOIN carts 50 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 51 | INNER JOIN cartitems 52 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 53 | INNER JOIN items 54 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 55 | GROUP BY 56 | customers.name 57 | ; 58 | /* Results should look like this -- 59 | customer items total 60 | A. Jones 2 72.55 61 | B. Smith 3 287.51 62 | C. Brown 4 342.94 63 | D. White 1 59.95 64 | E. Baker 2 69.00 65 | G. Scott 1 179.85 66 | H. Clark 2 132.55 67 | */ 68 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_11_GROUP_BY_with_WHERE.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 5: The GROUP BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* A grouping query with a WHERE clause */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | customers.name AS customer 7 | , SUM(cartitems.qty) AS qty 8 | , SUM(cartitems.qty 9 | * items.price) AS total 10 | FROM 11 | customers 12 | INNER JOIN carts 13 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 14 | INNER JOIN cartitems 15 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 16 | INNER JOIN items 17 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 18 | WHERE 19 | items.name = 'thingum' 20 | GROUP BY 21 | customers.name 22 | ; 23 | /* Results should look like this -- 24 | customer qty total 25 | A. Jones 2 44.44 26 | C. Brown 4 88.88 27 | H. Clark 2 44.44 28 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_12_GROUP_BY_with_HAVING.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 6: The HAVING Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* A grouping query with a HAVING clause */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | customers.name AS customer 7 | , SUM(cartitems.qty) AS sumqty 8 | , SUM(cartitems.qty 9 | * items.price) AS total 10 | FROM 11 | customers 12 | INNER JOIN carts 13 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 14 | INNER JOIN cartitems 15 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 16 | INNER JOIN items 17 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 18 | GROUP BY 19 | customers.name 20 | HAVING 21 | SUM(cartitems.qty) > 5 22 | ; 23 | 24 | /* Alternate HAVING clause -- 25 | 26 | HAVING sumqty > 5 27 | 28 | */ 29 | 30 | /* Results should look like this -- 31 | customer sumqty totsales 32 | B. Smith 6 287.51 33 | C. Brown 9 342.94 34 | */ 35 | 36 | /* Results without the HAVING clause -- 37 | customer sumqty totsales 38 | A. Jones 5 72.55 39 | B. Smith 6 287.51 40 | C. Brown 9 342.94 41 | D. White 1 59.95 42 | E. Baker 5 69.00 43 | G. Scott 3 179.85 44 | H. Clark 5 132.55 45 | */ 46 | 47 | 48 | /* A HAVING clause without a GROUP BY clause */ 49 | 50 | SELECT 51 | SUM(cartitems.qty 52 | * items.price) AS totsales 53 | FROM 54 | carts 55 | INNER JOIN cartitems 56 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 57 | INNER JOIN items 58 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 59 | /* 60 | WHERE 61 | carts.cartdate = CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL 1 DAY 62 | 63 | Note that the WHERE clause is commented out. 64 | Its intent is to obtain "yesterday's sales" but 65 | there are barely enough sales in the Shopping Cart 66 | sample data for all dates combined to exceed the total. 67 | */ 68 | HAVING 69 | totsales > 1000 70 | ; 71 | 72 | /* Results should look like this -- 73 | totsales 74 | 1144.35 75 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_13_ORDER_BY_qty_DESC.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 8: The ORDER BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* ORDER BY qty DESC */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | customers.name AS customer 7 | , carts.id AS cart 8 | , items.name AS item 9 | , cartitems.qty 10 | , items.price 11 | , cartitems.qty 12 | * items.price AS total 13 | FROM 14 | customers 15 | INNER JOIN carts 16 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 17 | INNER JOIN cartitems 18 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 19 | INNER JOIN items 20 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 21 | ORDER BY 22 | cartitems.qty DESC 23 | , items.name 24 | ; 25 | /* Results should look like this -- 26 | customer cart item qty price total 27 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 28 | B. Smith 2921 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 29 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 3 9.37 28.11 30 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 3 22.22 66.66 31 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 3 22.22 66.66 32 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 3 59.95 179.85 33 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 3 15.00 45.00 34 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 2 12.00 24.00 35 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 36 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 37 | B. Smith 2921 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 38 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 39 | B. Smith 3002 doohickey 1 12.00 12.00 40 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 1 22.22 22.22 41 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 1 59.95 59.95 42 | */ 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_14_ORDER_BY_total.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 8: The ORDER BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* ORDER BY total DESC */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | customers.name AS customer 7 | , carts.id AS cart 8 | , items.name AS item 9 | , cartitems.qty 10 | , items.price 11 | , cartitems.qty 12 | * items.price AS total 13 | FROM 14 | customers 15 | INNER JOIN carts 16 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 17 | INNER JOIN cartitems 18 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 19 | INNER JOIN items 20 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 21 | ORDER BY 22 | total DESC 23 | ; 24 | /* Results should look like this -- 25 | customer cart item qty price total 26 | B. Smith 2921 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 27 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 28 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 3 59.95 179.85 29 | B. Smith 2921 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 30 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 31 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 3 22.22 66.66 32 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 3 22.22 66.66 33 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 1 59.95 59.95 34 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 3 15.00 45.00 35 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 36 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 37 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 3 9.37 28.11 38 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 2 12.00 24.00 39 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 1 22.22 22.22 40 | B. Smith 3002 doohickey 1 12.00 12.00 41 | */ 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_15_ORDER_BY_with_NULLs_last.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 8: The ORDER BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* ORDER BY price, with NULLs last */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | name 7 | , price 8 | FROM 9 | items 10 | ORDER BY 11 | CASE WHEN price IS NULL 12 | THEN 2 13 | ELSE 1 14 | END 15 | , price 16 | ; 17 | /* Results should look like this -- 18 | name price 19 | bric-a-brac 2.00 20 | folderol 4.00 21 | gewgaw 5.00 22 | jigger 6.00 23 | dingbat 9.37 24 | gimmick 9.37 25 | thingie 9.37 26 | knickknack 10.00 27 | doohickey 12.00 28 | whatnot 15.00 29 | gadget 19.37 30 | dingus 29.37 31 | contraption 49.95 32 | whatchamacallit 59.95 33 | thingamabob 34 | thingamajig 35 | thingum 36 | whatsis 37 | */ 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_16_Details_and_Totals.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 8: The ORDER BY Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Detail and Total rows */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | * 7 | FROM ( 8 | SELECT 9 | customers.name AS customer 10 | , carts.id AS cart 11 | , items.name AS item 12 | , cartitems.qty 13 | , items.price 14 | , cartitems.qty 15 | * items.price AS total 16 | FROM 17 | customers 18 | INNER JOIN carts 19 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 20 | INNER JOIN cartitems 21 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 22 | INNER JOIN items 23 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 24 | 25 | UNION ALL 26 | 27 | SELECT 28 | customers.name AS customer 29 | , NULL AS cart 30 | , CAST(COUNT(items.name) AS CHAR) AS item 31 | , NULL AS qty 32 | , NULL AS price 33 | , SUM(cartitems.qty 34 | * items.price) AS total 35 | FROM 36 | customers 37 | INNER JOIN carts 38 | ON carts.customer_id = customers.id 39 | INNER JOIN cartitems 40 | ON cartitems.cart_id = carts.id 41 | INNER JOIN items 42 | ON items.id = cartitems.item_id 43 | GROUP BY 44 | customers.name 45 | ) AS dt 46 | ORDER BY 47 | customer 48 | , cart 49 | , item 50 | ; 51 | /* Results should look like this -- 52 | customer cart item qty price total 53 | A. Jones 2 72.55 54 | A. Jones 2131 gimmick 3 9.37 28.11 55 | A. Jones 2131 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 56 | B. Smith 3 287.51 57 | B. Smith 2921 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 58 | B. Smith 2921 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 59 | B. Smith 3002 doohickey 1 12.00 12.00 60 | C. Brown 4 342.94 61 | C. Brown 2937 thingum 1 22.22 22.22 62 | C. Brown 3001 thingamabob 3 22.22 66.66 63 | C. Brown 3001 whatsis 2 93.70 187.40 64 | C. Brown 3937 thingum 3 2.22 66.66 65 | D. White 1 59.95 66 | D. White 3197 whatchamacallit 1 59.95 59.95 67 | E. Baker 2 69.00 68 | E. Baker 2461 doohickey 2 12.00 24.00 69 | E. Baker 2461 whatnot 3 15.00 45.00 70 | G. Scott 1 179.85 71 | G. Scott 3321 whatchamacallit 3 59.95 179.85 72 | H. Clark 2 132.55 73 | H. Clark 3081 dingus 3 29.37 88.11 74 | H. Clark 3081 thingum 2 22.22 44.44 75 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Cart_17_Vendors.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 10: Relational Integrity */ 2 | 3 | /* Foreign keys may be NULL */ 4 | 5 | /* Create and populate the vendors table */ 6 | 7 | CREATE TABLE vendors 8 | ( 9 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 10 | , name VARCHAR(21) NOT NULL 11 | ); 12 | 13 | INSERT INTO vendors VALUES ( 17, 'Acme Corp' ); 14 | INSERT INTO vendors VALUES ( 19, 'Ersatz Inc' ); 15 | 16 | 17 | /* Add and populate the vendor FK in the items table */ 18 | 19 | ALTER TABLE items 20 | ADD COLUMN 21 | vendor_id INTEGER NULL 22 | ; 23 | ALTER TABLE items 24 | ADD INDEX 25 | vendor_ix (vendor_id) 26 | ; 27 | ALTER TABLE items 28 | ADD CONSTRAINT 29 | vendor_fk 30 | FOREIGN KEY (vendor_id) 31 | REFERENCES vendors (id) 32 | ON DELETE CASCADE 33 | ON UPDATE CASCADE 34 | ; 35 | UPDATE 36 | items 37 | SET 38 | vendor_id = 17 /* Acme */ 39 | WHERE 40 | name < 't' 41 | ; 42 | UPDATE 43 | items 44 | SET 45 | vendor_id = 19 /* Ersatz */ 46 | WHERE 47 | name > 'w' 48 | ; 49 | 50 | INSERT INTO items 51 | ( id, name, type, price, vendor_id ) 52 | VALUES 53 | ( 9901, 'gift wrapping', 'service', 5.00, NULL ) 54 | , ( 9902, 'discount coupon', 'service', -10.00, NULL ) 55 | ; 56 | 57 | SELECT 58 | id 59 | , name 60 | , type 61 | , price 62 | , vendor_id 63 | FROM 64 | items 65 | ORDER BY 66 | id 67 | ; 68 | /* Results should look like this -- 69 | id name type price vendor_id 70 | 5021 thingie widgets 9.37 71 | 5022 gadget doodads 19.37 17 72 | 5023 dingus gizmos 29.37 17 73 | 5041 gewgaw widgets 5.00 17 74 | 5042 knickknack doodads 10.00 17 75 | 5043 whatnot gizmos 15.00 19 76 | 5061 bric-a-brac widgets 2.00 17 77 | 5062 folderol doodads 4.00 17 78 | 5063 jigger gizmos 6.00 17 79 | 5901 doohickey widgets 12.00 17 80 | 5902 gimmick doodads 9.37 17 81 | 5903 dingbat gizmos 9.37 17 82 | 5911 thingamajig widgets 22.22 83 | 5912 thingamabob doodads 22.22 84 | 5913 thingum gizmos 22.22 85 | 5931 contraption widgets 49.95 17 86 | 5932 whatchamacallit doodads 59.95 19 87 | 5937 whatsis gizmos 93.70 19 88 | 9901 gift wrapping service 5.00 89 | 9902 discount coupon service -10.00 90 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Forums_01_Setup.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 7: The SELECT Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Create and populate the Discussion Forums tables */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE forums 6 | ( 7 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , name VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 9 | , CONSTRAINT forum_name_uk UNIQUE ( name ) /* This is discussed in Chapter 10 */ 10 | ); 11 | INSERT INTO forums VALUES ( 10001 , 'Search Engines' ); 12 | INSERT INTO forums VALUES ( 10002 , 'Databases' ); 13 | INSERT INTO forums VALUES ( 10003 , 'Applications' ); 14 | 15 | CREATE TABLE members 16 | ( 17 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 18 | , name VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 19 | , CONSTRAINT name_uk UNIQUE ( name ) /* This is discussed in Chapter 10 */ 20 | ); 21 | INSERT INTO members VALUES ( 9 , 'noo13' ); 22 | INSERT INTO members VALUES ( 37 , 'r937' ); 23 | INSERT INTO members VALUES ( 42 , 'DeepThought' ); 24 | INSERT INTO members VALUES ( 99 , 'BarbFeldon' ); 25 | INSERT INTO members VALUES ( 187 , 'RJNeedham' ); 26 | 27 | CREATE TABLE threads 28 | ( 29 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 30 | , name VARCHAR(99) NOT NULL 31 | , forum_id INTEGER NOT NULL 32 | , starter INTEGER NOT NULL 33 | , CONSTRAINT thread_name_uk UNIQUE ( id, name ) /* This is discussed in Chapter 10 */ 34 | ); 35 | INSERT INTO threads VALUES ( 15 , 'Difficulty with join query' , 10002 , 187 ); 36 | INSERT INTO threads VALUES ( 25 , 'How do I get listed in Yahoo?' , 10001 , 9 ); 37 | INSERT INTO threads VALUES ( 35 , 'People who bought ... also bought ...' , 10002 , 99 ); 38 | INSERT INTO threads VALUES ( 45 , 'WHERE clause doesn''t work' , 10002 , 187 ); 39 | 40 | CREATE TABLE posts 41 | ( 42 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 43 | , name VARCHAR(99) NULL 44 | , thread_id INTEGER NOT NULL 45 | , reply_to INTEGER NULL 46 | , posted_by INTEGER NOT NULL 47 | /* Note: use DATETIME if your database system does not support TIMESTAMP */ 48 | /* Remove the DEFAULT and CHECK constraint if not supported */ 49 | , created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP 50 | , revised TIMESTAMP NULL CHECK ( revised >= created ) 51 | , post TEXT NOT NULL 52 | ); 53 | INSERT INTO posts 54 | VALUES 55 | ( 201 , 'Difficulty with join query' , 15, NULL , 187 , '2008-11-12 11:12:13', NULL 56 | , 'I''m having a lot of trouble joining my tables. What''s a foreign key?' ); 57 | 58 | INSERT INTO posts 59 | VALUES 60 | ( 215 , 'How do I get listed in Yahoo?', 25, NULL , 9 , '2008-11-15 11:20:02', NULL 61 | , 'I''ve figured out how to submit my URL to Google, but I can''t seem to find where to post it on Yahoo! Can anyone help?' ); 62 | 63 | INSERT INTO posts 64 | VALUES 65 | ( 216 , NULL , 25, 215 , 42 , '2008-11-15 11:37:10', NULL 66 | , 'Try http://search.yahoo.com/info/submit.html ' ); 67 | 68 | INSERT INTO posts 69 | VALUES 70 | ( 218 , 'That''s it!' , 25, 216 , 9 , '2008-11-15 11:42:24', NULL 71 | , 'That''s it! How did you find it?' ); 72 | 73 | INSERT INTO posts 74 | VALUES 75 | ( 219 , NULL , 25, 218 , 42 , '2008-11-15 11:51:45', '2008-11-15 11:57:57' 76 | , 'There''s a link at the bottom of the homepage called "Suggest a site"' ); 77 | 78 | INSERT INTO posts 79 | VALUES 80 | ( 222 , 'People who bought ... also bought ...' , 35, NULL , 99 , '2008-11-22 22:22:22', NULL 81 | , 'For each item in the user''s cart, I want to show other items that people bought who bought that item, but the SQL is too hairy for me. HELP!' ); 82 | 83 | INSERT INTO posts 84 | VALUES 85 | ( 230 , 'WHERE clause doesn''t work' , 45, NULL , 187 , '2008-12-04 09:37:00', NULL 86 | , 'My query has WHERE startdate > 2009-01-01 but I get 0 results, even though I know there are rows for next year!' ); 87 | 88 | SELECT 89 | id 90 | , name 91 | , thread_id 92 | , reply_to 93 | , posted_by 94 | , post 95 | FROM 96 | posts 97 | ; 98 | /* Results should look like this -- 99 | id name thread_id reply_to posted_by post 100 | 201 Difficulty with join query 15 187 I'm having a lot of trouble joining ... 101 | 215 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 25 9 I've figured out how to submit my URL ... 102 | 216 25 215 42 Try http://search.yahoo.com/info/submit.html 103 | 218 That's it! 25 216 9 That's it! How did you find it? 104 | 219 25 218 42 There's a link at the bottom of the ... 105 | 222 People who bought ... also bought ... 35 99 For each item in the user's cart, ... 106 | 230 WHERE clause doesn't work 45 187 My query has WHERE startdate > ... 107 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Forums_02_Aggregate_functions.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 7: The SELECT Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Aggregate functions */ 4 | 5 | /* First, show the selected forums data */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | forums.id AS f_id 9 | , forums.name AS forum 10 | , threads.id AS t_id 11 | , threads.name AS thread 12 | , posts.id AS p_id 13 | , posts.name AS post 14 | FROM 15 | forums 16 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 17 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 18 | LEFT OUTER JOIN posts 19 | ON posts.thread_id = threads.id 20 | ; 21 | /* Results should look like this -- 22 | f_id forum t_id thread p_id post 23 | 10001 Search Engines 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 215 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 24 | 10001 Search Engines 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 216 25 | 10001 Search Engines 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 218 That's it! 26 | 10001 Search Engines 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 219 27 | 10002 Databases 15 Difficulty with join query 201 Difficulty with join query 28 | 10002 Databases 35 People who bought ... also bought ... 222 People who bought ... also bought ... 29 | 10002 Databases 45 WHERE clause doesn't work 230 WHERE clause doesn't work 30 | 10003 Applications 31 | */ 32 | 33 | /* Now, two queries using aggregate functions */ 34 | 35 | SELECT 36 | COUNT(forums.id) AS forums 37 | , COUNT(threads.id) AS threads 38 | , COUNT(posts.id) AS posts 39 | FROM 40 | forums 41 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 42 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 43 | LEFT OUTER JOIN posts 44 | ON posts.thread_id = threads.id 45 | ; 46 | /* Results should look like this -- 47 | forums threads posts 48 | 8 7 7 49 | */ 50 | 51 | SELECT 52 | COUNT(DISTINCT forums.id) AS forums 53 | , COUNT(DISTINCT threads.id) AS threads 54 | , COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) AS posts 55 | FROM 56 | forums 57 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 58 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 59 | LEFT OUTER JOIN posts 60 | ON posts.thread_id = threads.id 61 | ; 62 | /* Results should look like this -- 63 | forums threads posts 64 | 3 4 7 65 | */ 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Forums_03_COUNT.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 7: The SELECT Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* COUNT(*) */ 4 | 5 | /* First, the ubiquitous "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table" */ 6 | 7 | SELECT 8 | COUNT(*) AS rows 9 | FROM 10 | members 11 | ; 12 | /* Results should look like this -- 13 | rows 14 | 5 15 | */ 16 | 17 | SELECT 18 | forums.id AS f_id 19 | , forums.name AS forum 20 | , threads.id AS t_id 21 | , threads.name AS thread 22 | FROM 23 | forums 24 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 25 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 26 | ; 27 | /* Results should look like this -- 28 | f_id forum t_id thread 29 | 10001 Search Engines 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 30 | 10002 Databases 15 Difficulty with join query 31 | 10002 Databases 35 People who bought ... also bought ... 32 | 10002 Databases 45 WHERE clause doesn't work 33 | 10003 Applications 34 | */ 35 | 36 | SELECT 37 | forums.id AS f_id 38 | , forums.name AS forum 39 | , COUNT(*) AS rows 40 | FROM 41 | forums 42 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 43 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 44 | GROUP BY 45 | forums.id 46 | , forums.name 47 | ; 48 | /* Results should look like this -- 49 | f_id forum rows 50 | 10001 Search Engines 1 51 | 10002 Databases 3 52 | 10003 Applications 1 53 | */ 54 | 55 | SELECT 56 | forums.id AS f_id 57 | , forums.name AS forum 58 | , COUNT(threads.id) AS threads 59 | FROM 60 | forums 61 | LEFT OUTER JOIN threads 62 | ON threads.forum_id = forums.id 63 | GROUP BY 64 | forums.id 65 | , forums.name 66 | ; 67 | /* Results should look like this -- 68 | f_id forum threads 69 | 10001 Search Engines 1 70 | 10002 Databases 3 71 | 10003 Applications 0 72 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Forums_04_Scalar_functions.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 7: The SELECT Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Scalar functions */ 4 | 5 | SELECT 6 | threads.id AS t_id 7 | , threads.name AS thread 8 | , posts.id AS p_id 9 | , SUBSTRING(posts.post FROM 1 FOR 21) AS excerpt 10 | /* One popular variation -- 11 | , LEFT(posts.post,21) AS excerpt 12 | */ 13 | FROM 14 | threads 15 | LEFT OUTER JOIN posts 16 | ON posts.thread_id = threads.id 17 | ; 18 | /* Results should look like this -- 19 | t_id thread p_id excerpt 20 | 15 Difficulty with join query 201 I'm having a lot of t 21 | 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 215 I've figured out how 22 | 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 216 Try http://search.yah 23 | 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 218 That's it! How did yo 24 | 25 How do I get listed in Yahoo? 219 There's a link at the 25 | 35 People who bought ... also bought ... 222 For each item in the 26 | 45 WHERE clause doesn't work 230 My query has WHERE st 27 | */ 28 | 29 | /* To demonstrate string concatenation and COALESCE, 30 | we'll quickly add and populate lastname/firstname 31 | columns in the members table. 32 | */ 33 | ALTER TABLE members 34 | ADD lastname VARCHAR(21) NULL 35 | ; 36 | ALTER TABLE members 37 | ADD firstname VARCHAR(21) NULL 38 | ; 39 | UPDATE 40 | members 41 | SET 42 | lastname = 'Trudeau' 43 | , firstname = 'Pierre' 44 | WHERE 45 | id = 42 46 | ; 47 | UPDATE 48 | members 49 | SET 50 | firstname = 'Cher' 51 | WHERE 52 | id = 99 53 | ; 54 | UPDATE 55 | members 56 | SET 57 | lastname = 'Van Damme' 58 | , firstname = 'Jean-Claude' 59 | WHERE 60 | id = 187 61 | ; 62 | 63 | /* The following query may need to be modified to use the 64 | appropriate concatenation operator for your particular 65 | database system. The WHERE clause returns only those members 66 | for which we have supplied a firstname. 67 | */ 68 | SELECT 69 | COALESCE(lastname||', ','')||firstname AS fullname 70 | FROM 71 | members 72 | WHERE 73 | firstname IS NOT NULL 74 | ; 75 | /* Results should look like this -- 76 | fullname 77 | Trudeau, Pierre 78 | Cher 79 | Van Damme, Jean-Claude 80 | */ 81 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Forums_05_Foreign_keys.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 10: Relational Integrity */ 2 | 3 | /* Add foreign key constraints to the Discussion Forum tables */ 4 | 5 | 6 | /* If necessary (it is for MySQL), index the FK columns first */ 7 | 8 | ALTER TABLE threads 9 | ADD INDEX forum_ix (forum_id) 10 | ; 11 | ALTER TABLE threads 12 | ADD INDEX starter_ix (starter) 13 | ; 14 | 15 | /* Add the foreign keys */ 16 | 17 | ALTER TABLE threads 18 | ADD CONSTRAINT 19 | forum_fk 20 | FOREIGN KEY (forum_id) 21 | REFERENCES forums (id) 22 | ON DELETE CASCADE 23 | ON UPDATE CASCADE 24 | ; 25 | ALTER TABLE threads 26 | ADD CONSTRAINT 27 | starter_fk 28 | FOREIGN KEY (starter) 29 | REFERENCES members (id) 30 | ON DELETE CASCADE 31 | ON UPDATE CASCADE 32 | ; 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_01_CREATE_ALTER_DROP.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 1: Introduction to SQL */ 2 | 3 | /* CREATE, ALTER, DROP */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE teams 6 | ( 7 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , name VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 9 | , conference VARCHAR(2) NULL 10 | ); 11 | 12 | ALTER TABLE teams DROP COLUMN conference 13 | ; 14 | 15 | DROP TABLE teams 16 | ; 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_02_INSERT.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 1: Introduction to SQL */ 2 | 3 | /* INSERT */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE teams 6 | ( 7 | id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 8 | , name VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 9 | , conference CHAR(2) NOT NULL 10 | /* The CHECK constraint is discussed in Chapter 9: Data Types. 11 | It is commented out here so as not to confuse you early. 12 | CHECK ( conference IN ( 'AA','A','B','C','D','E','F','G' ) ) 13 | */ 14 | ); 15 | 16 | INSERT INTO teams 17 | ( id , name , conference ) 18 | VALUES 19 | ( 9 , 'Riff Raff' , 'F' ) 20 | ; 21 | 22 | INSERT INTO teams 23 | ( conference , id, name ) 24 | VALUES 25 | ( 'F' , 9 , 'Riff Raff' ) 26 | ; 27 | /* This yields a "duplicate key" error. The key in this case is 28 | the id column, which is a primary key. The database system 29 | automatically rejects duplicate values in primary key columns. 30 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_03_DELETE_INSERT.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 1: Introduction to SQL */ 2 | 3 | /* INSERT */ 4 | 5 | DELETE FROM teams 6 | ; 7 | INSERT INTO teams 8 | ( conference , id, name ) 9 | VALUES 10 | ( 'F' , 9 , 'Riff Raff' ) 11 | ; 12 | 13 | DELETE FROM teams 14 | ; 15 | INSERT INTO teams 16 | VALUES 17 | ( 9 , 'Riff Raff' , 'F' ) 18 | ; 19 | 20 | DELETE FROM teams 21 | ; 22 | INSERT INTO teams 23 | ( conference , id, name ) 24 | VALUES 25 | ( 'F' , 9 , 'Riff Raff' ) 26 | , ( 'F' , 37 , 'Havoc' ) 27 | , ( 'C' , 63 , 'Brewers' ) 28 | ; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_04_UPDATE.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 1: Introduction to SQL */ 2 | 3 | /* UPDATE */ 4 | 5 | UPDATE 6 | teams 7 | SET 8 | conference = 'E' 9 | WHERE 10 | id = 9 11 | ; 12 | 13 | SELECT 14 | id 15 | , name 16 | , conference 17 | FROM 18 | teams 19 | ; 20 | /* Results should look like this: 21 | id name conference 22 | 9 Riff Raff E 23 | 37 Havoc F 24 | 63 Brewers C 25 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_05_DELETE.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 1: Introduction to SQL */ 2 | 3 | /* DELETE */ 4 | 5 | DELETE 6 | FROM 7 | teams 8 | WHERE 9 | id = 63 10 | ; 11 | 12 | SELECT 13 | id 14 | , name 15 | , conference 16 | FROM 17 | teams 18 | ; 19 | /* Results should look like this: 20 | id name conference 21 | 9 Riff Raff E 22 | 37 Havoc F 23 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_06_FROM_teans.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* parsing syntax error */ 4 | 5 | SELECT name, id FROM teans WHERE conference = 'F' 6 | ; 7 | 8 | /* Results should be a syntax error, similar to: 9 | 10 | "Table 'teans' doesn't exist." 11 | 12 | or: 13 | 14 | "Invalid object name 'teans'." 15 | 16 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/Teams_07_Games.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 11: Special Structures */ 2 | 3 | /* Joining to a table twice */ 4 | 5 | /* First, repopulate the teams table */ 6 | 7 | DELETE FROM teams 8 | ; 9 | INSERT INTO teams 10 | ( id , name , conference ) 11 | VALUES 12 | ( 9 , 'Riff Raff' , 'F' ) 13 | , (11 , 'Savages' , 'F' ) 14 | , (15 , 'Blue Devils' , 'F' ) 15 | , (24 , 'Hurricanes' , 'F' ) 16 | ; 17 | 18 | /* Create and populate some games */ 19 | 20 | CREATE TABLE games 21 | ( 22 | gamedate DATETIME NOT NULL 23 | , location VARCHAR(37) NOT NULL 24 | , hometeam INTEGER NOT NULL 25 | , awayteam INTEGER NOT NULL 26 | ); 27 | INSERT INTO games 28 | ( gamedate , location , hometeam , awayteam ) 29 | VALUES 30 | ( '2008-09-06' , 'McKenzie' , 9 , 24 ) 31 | , ( '2008-09-13' , 'Applewood' , 15 , 9 ) 32 | ; 33 | 34 | /* Query to list games with team names. */ 35 | 36 | SELECT 37 | games.gamedate 38 | , games.location 39 | , home.name AS hometeam 40 | , away.name AS awayteam 41 | FROM 42 | games 43 | INNER JOIN teams AS home 44 | ON home.id = games.hometeam 45 | INNER JOIN teams AS away 46 | ON away.id = games.awayteam 47 | ; 48 | /* Results should look like this -- 49 | gamedate location hometeam awayteam 50 | 2008-09-06 McKenzie Riff Raff Hurricanes 51 | 2008-09-13 Applewood Blue Devils Riff Raff 52 | */ 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/test_01_illustrated.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 3: The FROM Clause */ 2 | 3 | /* Create and populate a pair of test tables to 4 | illustrate the various types of join 5 | */ 6 | 7 | CREATE TABLE A 8 | ( a SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ) 9 | ; 10 | INSERT INTO A 11 | VALUES 12 | (102),(104),(106),(107) 13 | ; 14 | CREATE TABLE B 15 | ( b SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ) 16 | ; 17 | INSERT INTO B 18 | VALUES 19 | (101),(102),(104),(106),(108) 20 | ; 21 | 22 | /* Results for the following queries are 23 | as shown in the illustrations in the book. 24 | */ 25 | SELECT 26 | a,b 27 | FROM 28 | A INNER JOIN B 29 | ON a=b 30 | ; 31 | 32 | SELECT 33 | a,b 34 | FROM 35 | A LEFT OUTER JOIN B 36 | ON a=b 37 | ; 38 | 39 | SELECT 40 | a,b 41 | FROM 42 | A RIGHT OUTER JOIN B 43 | ON a=b 44 | ; 45 | 46 | SELECT 47 | a,b 48 | FROM 49 | A FULL OUTER JOIN B 50 | ON a=b 51 | ; 52 | 53 | SELECT 54 | a,b 55 | FROM 56 | A LEFT OUTER JOIN B 57 | ON a=b 58 | 59 | UNION 60 | 61 | SELECT 62 | a,b 63 | FROM 64 | A RIGHT OUTER JOIN B 65 | ON a=b 66 | ORDER BY 67 | COALESCE(a,b) 68 | ; 69 | 70 | SELECT 71 | a,b 72 | FROM 73 | A CROSS JOIN B 74 | ; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/test_02_DECIMAL.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 9: Data Types */ 2 | 3 | /* Create and populate a table to test DECIMAL */ 4 | 5 | /* We'll use DECIMAL(3,2), to demonstrate what happens 6 | when inserts are attempted using numbers that exceed 7 | the precision or scale. 8 | */ 9 | 10 | CREATE TABLE test_decimals 11 | ( d DECIMAL(3,2) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ) 12 | ; 13 | INSERT INTO test_decimals (d) VALUES ( 9.37 ); 14 | INSERT INTO test_decimals (d) VALUES ( 0.567 ); 15 | 16 | SELECT 17 | d 18 | FROM 19 | test_decimals 20 | ; 21 | /* Results should look like this -- 22 | d 23 | 0.57 24 | 9.37 25 | */ 26 | 27 | /* The following may or may not create an error -- 28 | 29 | INSERT INTO test_decimals (d) VALUES ( 12.34 ); 30 | INSERT INTO test_decimals (d) VALUES ( 888.88 ); 31 | 32 | In SQL Server, the message is "Arithmetic overflow error 33 | converting numeric to data type numeric." Seriously. 34 | 35 | */ 36 | 37 | SELECT 38 | d 39 | FROM 40 | test_decimals 41 | ; 42 | /* In MySQL, results will look like this -- 43 | d 44 | 0.57 45 | 9.37 46 | 12.34 47 | 99.99 48 | 49 | Can you see where 99.99 came from? and why? 50 | and why 12.34 was not treated the same way? 51 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/test_03_FLOAT.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 9: Data Types */ 2 | 3 | /* Create and populate a table to test FLOAT */ 4 | 5 | /* We'll use FLOAT, without explicit precision/scale, 6 | as the syntax varies from one database system to another. 7 | */ 8 | 9 | CREATE TABLE test_floats 10 | ( f FLOAT ) 11 | ; 12 | INSERT INTO test_floats (f) VALUES ( 9.37 ); 13 | INSERT INTO test_floats (f) VALUES ( 0.567 ); 14 | INSERT INTO test_floats (f) VALUES ( 12.34 ); 15 | INSERT INTO test_floats (f) VALUES ( 888.88 ); 16 | 17 | SELECT 18 | f 19 | FROM 20 | test_floats 21 | ; 22 | /* Results should look like this -- 23 | f 24 | 0.567 25 | 9.37 26 | 12.34 27 | 888.88 28 | */ 29 | 30 | 31 | INSERT INTO test_floats 32 | ( f ) 33 | VALUES 34 | ( 7900000000000000000000000 ) 35 | ; 36 | INSERT INTO test_floats 37 | ( f ) 38 | VALUES 39 | ( 7.9E24 ) 40 | ; 41 | 42 | SELECT 43 | f 44 | FROM 45 | test_floats 46 | ; 47 | /* Results should look like this -- 48 | f 49 | 0.567 50 | 9.37 51 | 12.34 52 | 888.88 53 | 7.9E24 54 | 7.9E24 55 | 56 | Alternatively 7.9E+24 for the latter. 57 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sample_sql/test_04_SUM_times.sql: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Chapter 9: Data Types */ 2 | 3 | /* Create and populate a table for TIMEs */ 4 | 5 | CREATE TABLE raceresults 6 | ( 7 | split VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL 8 | /* Note: not all database systems support the TIME datatype */ 9 | , splittime TIME NOT NULL 10 | ); 11 | INSERT INTO raceresults VALUES ( 'swim' , '0:20:35' ); 12 | INSERT INTO raceresults VALUES ( 'bike' , '1:49:59' ); 13 | INSERT INTO raceresults VALUES ( 'run' , '1:28:32' ); 14 | 15 | SELECT 16 | * 17 | FROM 18 | raceresults 19 | ; 20 | /* Results should look like this -- 21 | split splittime 22 | swim 00:20:35 23 | bike 01:49:59 24 | run 01:28:32 25 | */ 26 | 27 | SELECT 28 | SUM(splittime) AS total_time 29 | FROM 30 | raceresults 31 | ; 32 | /* In MySQL, results are unintelligible -- 33 | total_time 34 | 29826 35 | */ 36 | 37 | SELECT 38 | SUM( TIME_TO_SEC(splittime) ) AS total_seconds 39 | FROM 40 | raceresults 41 | ; 42 | /* TIME_TO_SEC is a MySQL function -- 43 | total_seconds 44 | 13146 45 | */ 46 | 47 | SELECT 48 | SEC_TO_TIME( 49 | SUM( TIME_TO_SEC(splittime) ) 50 | ) AS total_time 51 | FROM 52 | raceresults 53 | ; 54 | /* SEC_TO_TIME is also a MySQL function -- 55 | total_time 56 | 03:39:06 57 | */ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /shared/archive.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* 2 | * SitePoint code archive for Build Your Own Web Site Using HTML And CSS 3 | * (C) 2006 SitePoint Pty Ltd 4 | * 5 | * For more books and articles visit http://www.sitepoint.com/ 6 | * 7 | */ 8 | html { 9 | background-color: #003366; 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