├── requirements.txt ├── AUTHORS ├── vagrant ├── config.txt ├── Vagrantfile └── provision.py ├── config_files ├── ssbgp │ ├── v4_conf.yaml │ └── v6_conf.yaml └── exabgp │ └── exabgp.conf ├── ssbgp.py ├── README.md └── LICENSE /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | exabgp 2 | pyYAML -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /AUTHORS: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | David Barroso 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /vagrant/config.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | interface Ethernet1 2 | no switchport 3 | ip address 192.168.56.100/24 4 | ipv6 address 2001:db8::100/64 5 | ! 6 | interface Loopback0 7 | ip address 192.168.1.1/32 8 | ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/128 9 | ! 10 | ip routing 11 | ! 12 | ipv6 unicast-routing 13 | ! 14 | router bgp 65000 15 | neighbor 192.168.56.1 remote-as 65100 16 | neighbor 192.168.56.1 maximum-routes 12000 17 | address-family ipv4 18 | neighbor 192.168.56.1 activate 19 | network 192.168.1.1/32 20 | ! 21 | address-family ipv6 22 | neighbor 192.168.56.1 activate 23 | network 2001:db8:1::1/128 24 | ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /vagrant/Vagrantfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # -*- mode: ruby -*- 2 | # vi: set ft=ruby : 3 | 4 | """ 5 | You will need the boxes: 6 | 7 | * vEOS-4.15.2F - https://eos.arista.com/using-veos-with-vagrant-and-virtualbox/ 8 | """ 9 | 10 | Vagrant.configure(2) do |config| 11 | 12 | config.vm.define "eos" do |eos| 13 | eos.vm.box = "vEOS-4.15.2F" 14 | 15 | eos.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 443, host: 12443, id: 'https' 16 | 17 | eos.vm.network "private_network", name: 'vboxnet0', ip: "169.254.1.11", auto_config: false 18 | 19 | #eos.vm.provision "host_shell", inline: <<-SHELL 20 | # ./provision.py eos 12443 vagrant vagrant 21 | #SHELL 22 | 23 | end 24 | 25 | end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /config_files/ssbgp/v4_conf.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | PREFIXES_FILE: "data/v4_full_table_and_default" 3 | 4 | NEXT_HOP: "self" 5 | 6 | WAITING_TIME: 120 # Time to wait between iterations 7 | 8 | INITIAL_WARMUP: 10000 # Number of prefixes to send initially 9 | INITIAL_WAIT: 10 # Seconds to wait initially 10 | 11 | MAX_TOTAL: 1250000 12 | 13 | # On every iteration we will install randint(MIN_PREFIXES, MAX_PREFIXES) prefixes 14 | MIN_PREFIXES: 5000 15 | MAX_PREFIXES: 7000 16 | 17 | REMOVE_PREFIXES: 1 # Percentage of prefixes to remove on each iteration 18 | 19 | # Some parameters to add random AS PATHs to each advertisement 20 | NUM_DIFFERENT_AS_PATHS: 100 21 | MIN_AS_LENGTH: 0 22 | MAX_AS_LENGTH: 10 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /config_files/ssbgp/v6_conf.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | PREFIXES_FILE: "data/v6_full_table_and_default" 3 | 4 | NEXT_HOP: "self" 5 | 6 | WAITING_TIME: 300 # Time to wait between iterations 7 | 8 | INITIAL_WARMUP: 10000 # Number of prefixes to send initially 9 | INITIAL_WAIT: 10 # Seconds to wait initially 10 | 11 | MAX_TOTAL: 250000 12 | 13 | # On every iteration we will install randint(MIN_PREFIXES, MAX_PREFIXES) prefixes 14 | MIN_PREFIXES: 2000 15 | MAX_PREFIXES: 5000 16 | 17 | REMOVE_PREFIXES: 1 # Percentage of prefixes to remove on each iteration 18 | 19 | # Some parameters to add random AS PATHs to each advertisement 20 | NUM_DIFFERENT_AS_PATHS: 100 21 | MIN_AS_LENGTH: 0 22 | MAX_AS_LENGTH: 10 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /config_files/exabgp/exabgp.conf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | group v4 { 2 | capability { 3 | asn4 enable; 4 | route-refresh enable; 5 | graceful-restart 60; 6 | } 7 | 8 | family { 9 | ipv4 unicast; 10 | } 11 | 12 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 { 13 | process p1_v4 { 14 | run ../../ssbgp.py 192.168.232.0 65001 config_files/ssbgp/v4_conf.yaml; 15 | } 16 | local-address 192.168.232.1; 17 | peer-as 4290030000; 18 | local-as 65001; 19 | router-id 192.168.232.1; 20 | 21 | graceful-restart; 22 | group-updates; 23 | } 24 | } 25 | group v6 { 26 | capability { 27 | asn4 enable; 28 | route-refresh enable; 29 | graceful-restart 60; 30 | } 31 | 32 | family { 33 | ipv6 unicast; 34 | } 35 | 36 | neighbor 2001:db8:232::0 { 37 | process p1_v6 { 38 | run ../../ssbgp.py 2001:db8:232::0 65001 config_files/ssbgp/v6_conf.yaml; 39 | } 40 | local-address 2001:db8:232::1; 41 | peer-as 4290030000; 42 | local-as 65001; 43 | router-id 192.168.232.1; 44 | 45 | graceful-restart; 46 | group-updates; 47 | } 48 | } 49 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /vagrant/provision.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | 3 | import sys 4 | import pyeapi 5 | import httplib 6 | 7 | 8 | def print_info_message(): 9 | print "BOX is no longer reachable with vagrant up. Use ssh instead (check the IP in the initial conf)" 10 | print "Don't forget to change the network type of the first NIC of the box." 11 | 12 | 13 | def provision_eos(port, username, password): 14 | connection = pyeapi.client.connect( 15 | transport='https', 16 | host='localhost', 17 | username='vagrant', 18 | password='vagrant', 19 | port=port 20 | ) 21 | device = pyeapi.client.Node(connection) 22 | 23 | commands = list() 24 | commands.append('configure session') 25 | commands.append('rollback clean-config') 26 | 27 | with open('../eos/initial.conf', 'r') as f: 28 | lines = f.readlines() 29 | 30 | for line in lines: 31 | line = line.strip() 32 | if line == '': 33 | continue 34 | if line.startswith('!'): 35 | continue 36 | commands.append(line) 37 | 38 | commands[-1] = 'commit' 39 | 40 | try: 41 | device.run_commands(commands) 42 | except httplib.BadStatusLine: 43 | # This actually means everything went fine 44 | print_info_message() 45 | 46 | 47 | if __name__ == "__main__": 48 | os = sys.argv[1] 49 | port = sys.argv[2] 50 | username = sys.argv[3] 51 | password = sys.argv[4] 52 | 53 | provision_eos(port, username, password) 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ssbgp.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | 3 | # Copyright 2016 Spotify AB. All rights reserved. 4 | # 5 | # The contents of this file are licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 6 | # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the 7 | # License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 8 | # 9 | # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 10 | # 11 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 12 | # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 13 | # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 14 | # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under 15 | # the License. 16 | 17 | import os 18 | import time 19 | import yaml 20 | import argparse 21 | 22 | from random import sample, randint, shuffle 23 | 24 | path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) 25 | 26 | 27 | def build_help(): 28 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Sends and withdraws BGP prefixes for fun.") 29 | parser.add_argument(dest='peer', action='store', help="Peer's IP address.") 30 | parser.add_argument(dest='local_as', action='store', help="Our own AS.") 31 | parser.add_argument(dest='conf', action='store', help="Path to configuration file.") 32 | args = parser.parse_args() 33 | 34 | return args 35 | 36 | 37 | def read_config(config_file): 38 | with open('{}/{}'.format(path, config_file), 'r') as f: 39 | return yaml.load(f) 40 | 41 | 42 | def read_prefixes(prefixes_file): 43 | prefixes = set() 44 | 45 | with open('{}/{}'.format(path, prefixes_file)) as f: 46 | for line in f.readlines(): 47 | line = line.strip() 48 | 49 | prefixes.add(line) 50 | 51 | return prefixes 52 | 53 | 54 | def build_as_paths(total, min_as_path, max_as_path): 55 | as_paths = dict() 56 | available_as_paths = range(1, 64999) 57 | 58 | for i in range(0, total): 59 | shuffle(available_as_paths) 60 | as_paths[i] = available_as_paths[:randint(min_as_path, max_as_path)] 61 | 62 | return as_paths 63 | 64 | 65 | def announce_prefixes(local_as, prefixes, peer, min_num_prefixes, max_num_prefixes, max_total, announced_prefixes, 66 | available_as_paths, num_as_paths, next_hop): 67 | i = 0 68 | 69 | possible_prefixes = prefixes - announced_prefixes 70 | 71 | num = min(randint(min_num_prefixes, max_num_prefixes), max_total - len(announced_prefixes)) 72 | if len(possible_prefixes) < num: 73 | num = len(possible_prefixes) 74 | 75 | prefixes_to_announce = set(sample(possible_prefixes, num)) 76 | prefixes_to_announce -= announced_prefixes 77 | 78 | for prefix in prefixes_to_announce: 79 | as_path = [str(i) for i in available_as_paths[randint(0, num_as_paths - 1)]] 80 | print 'neighbor {} announce route {} next-hop {} as-path [ {} {} ]'.format(peer, prefix, next_hop, local_as, 81 | ' '.join(as_path)) 82 | 83 | return announced_prefixes | prefixes_to_announce 84 | 85 | 86 | def remove_prefixes(peer, announced_prefixes, remove_prefixes): 87 | num = len(announced_prefixes) * remove_prefixes / 100 88 | 89 | prefixes_to_withdraw = set(sample(announced_prefixes, num)) 90 | 91 | for prefix in prefixes_to_withdraw: 92 | print 'neighbor {} withdraw route {} next-hop self'.format(peer, prefix) 93 | 94 | return announced_prefixes - prefixes_to_withdraw 95 | 96 | 97 | def main(): 98 | args = build_help() 99 | conf = read_config(args.conf) 100 | prefixes = read_prefixes(conf['PREFIXES_FILE']) 101 | 102 | time.sleep(10) 103 | 104 | announced_prefixes = set() 105 | 106 | available_as_paths = build_as_paths(conf['NUM_DIFFERENT_AS_PATHS'], conf['MIN_AS_LENGTH'], conf['MAX_AS_LENGTH']) 107 | 108 | #Initial warmup according to INITIAL_WARMUP 109 | announced_prefixes = announce_prefixes( 110 | args.local_as, prefixes, args.peer, conf['INITIAL_WARMUP'], conf['INITIAL_WARMUP'], conf['MAX_TOTAL'], 111 | announced_prefixes, available_as_paths, conf['NUM_DIFFERENT_AS_PATHS'], conf['NEXT_HOP']) 112 | time.sleep(conf['INITIAL_WAIT']) 113 | 114 | while True: 115 | announced_prefixes = announce_prefixes(args.local_as, prefixes, args.peer, conf['MIN_PREFIXES'], 116 | conf['MAX_PREFIXES'], conf['MAX_TOTAL'], announced_prefixes, 117 | available_as_paths, conf['NUM_DIFFERENT_AS_PATHS'], conf['NEXT_HOP']) 118 | 119 | announced_prefixes = remove_prefixes(args.peer, announced_prefixes, conf['REMOVE_PREFIXES']) 120 | time.sleep(conf['WAITING_TIME']) 121 | 122 | 123 | if __name__ == "__main__": 124 | main() 125 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # super-smash-brogp 2 | 3 | Sends and withdraws BGP prefixes for fun. 4 | 5 | ## Purpose 6 | 7 | The purpose of this tool is to stress test a BGP implementation. Maybe you are testing a new feature, vendor or ASIC. This tool will allow you to test if the code is stable, if convergence is fast, if the feature works, if there are memory leaks, etc. 8 | 9 | ##Installation 10 | 11 | To install super-smash-brogp just clone the repo and install the dependancies: 12 | 13 | pip install -r requirements.txt 14 | 15 | ## Usage 16 | 17 | The tool is meant to be run inside [exabgp](https://github.com/Exa-Networks/exabgp). There is not much purpose of using the tool in the CLI unless you want to see what it does. 18 | 19 | ### exabgp 20 | 21 | Configure exabgp in any way you want. Just make sure you configure the process stanza to use ssbgp.py correctly, i.e.: 22 | 23 | group v4 { 24 | capability { 25 | asn4 enable; 26 | route-refresh enable; 27 | graceful-restart 60; 28 | } 29 | 30 | family { 31 | ipv4 unicast; 32 | } 33 | 34 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 { 35 | process p1_v4 { 36 | run ../../ssbgp.py 192.168.232.0 65001 config_files/ssbgp/v4_conf.yaml; 37 | } 38 | local-address 192.168.232.1; 39 | peer-as 4290030000; 40 | local-as 65001; 41 | router-id 192.168.232.1; 42 | 43 | graceful-restart; 44 | group-updates; 45 | } 46 | } 47 | 48 | Finally start exabgp: 49 | 50 | exabgp /path/to/my/config/exabgp.conf 51 | 52 | It's better if you check exabgp's documentation but at least you should be able to get started with the previous instructions. 53 | 54 | ### CLI 55 | 56 | To run the tool in the CLI without using exabgp: 57 | 58 | # ./ssbgp.py -h 59 | usage: ssbgp.py [-h] peer local_as conf 60 | 61 | Sends and withdraws BGP prefixes for fun. 62 | 63 | positional arguments: 64 | peer Peer's IP address. 65 | local_as Our own AS. 66 | conf Path to configuration file. 67 | 68 | # ./ssbgp.py 192.168.232.0 65000 config_files/ssbgp/v4_conf.yaml 69 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 65.124.137.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 3687 34884 59039 10321 40604 ] 70 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 46.1.248.0/23 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 3384 53606 8798 ] 71 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 93.92.213.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 26471 49757 62653 56834 61765 11971 ] 72 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 147.55.0.0/16 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 9430 58646 41084 28728 22795 35881 35001 36980 41257 14490 ] 73 | ... (several thousands of lines later) 74 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 withdraw route 74.91.96.0/20 next-hop self 75 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 withdraw route 139.14.0.0/16 next-hop self 76 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 withdraw route 190.225.80.0/21 next-hop self 77 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 withdraw route 204.137.28.0/24 next-hop self 78 | ... (several thousands of lines later) 79 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 134.146.197.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 61694 33123 57374 30016 10484 48033 30745 32085 6588 32729 ] 80 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 91.212.127.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 51081 38087 22779 53030 32589 42626 43528 ] 81 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 177.66.204.0/22 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 63813 38719 36942 27446 43241 29719 ] 82 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 91.213.41.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 42479 27888 23140 45226 51505 41316 38073 501 17781 19305 ] 83 | neighbor 192.168.232.0 announce route 1.23.167.0/24 next-hop self as-path [ 65001 23306 19037 20574 35460 6329 ] 84 | ... etc 85 | 86 | ### Example 87 | 88 | Here you can see the result of running 4 ssbgp processes against a router: 89 | 90 | lab# show ip bgp sum 91 | BGP summary information for VRF default 92 | Router identifier 192.168.232.0, local AS number 65000 93 | Neighbor Status Codes: m - Under maintenance 94 | Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent InQ OutQ Up/Down State PfxRcd PfxAcc 95 | 192.168.232.1 4 65001 278679 17852 0 0 5d10h Estab 223826 223826 96 | 192.168.232.3 4 65003 279508 17852 0 0 5d10h Estab 223860 223860 97 | 192.168.232.5 4 65005 280321 17852 0 0 5d10h Estab 223881 223881 98 | 192.168.232.7 4 65007 273854 17852 0 0 5d10h Estab 223871 223871 99 | 100 | ## Configuration 101 | 102 | ### ssbgp 103 | 104 | You can tweak some parameters like how many prefixes you want to add/remove on each iteration, how fast, from which file you want to read the prefixes, etc. You can find some examples in `config_files/ssbgp/`. 105 | 106 | ### exabgp 107 | 108 | The tool leverages on exabgp, so the first thing you have to do is configure it to establish the peering sessions with your device. You have to make sure that you call the process that will start advertising and removing prefixes. You can find some examples on how to configure exabgp and call the process in `config_files/exabgp/`. 109 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. Definitions. 8 | 9 | "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, 10 | and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. 11 | 12 | "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by 13 | the copyright owner that is granting the License. 14 | 15 | "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all 16 | other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common 17 | control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, 18 | "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the 19 | direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or 20 | otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the 21 | outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. 22 | 23 | "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity 24 | exercising permissions granted by this License. 25 | 26 | "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, 27 | including but not limited to software source code, documentation 28 | source, and configuration files. 29 | 30 | "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical 31 | transformation or translation of a Source form, including but 32 | not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, 33 | and conversions to other media types. 34 | 35 | "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or 36 | Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a 37 | copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work 38 | (an example is provided in the Appendix below). 39 | 40 | "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object 41 | form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the 42 | editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications 43 | represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes 44 | of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain 45 | separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, 46 | the Work and Derivative Works thereof. 47 | 48 | "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including 49 | the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions 50 | to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally 51 | submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner 52 | or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of 53 | the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" 54 | means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent 55 | to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to 56 | communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, 57 | and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the 58 | Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but 59 | excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise 60 | designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." 61 | 62 | "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity 63 | on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and 64 | subsequently incorporated within the Work. 65 | 66 | 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of 67 | this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, 68 | worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable 69 | copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, 70 | publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the 71 | Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 72 | 73 | 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of 74 | this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, 75 | worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable 76 | (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, 77 | use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, 78 | where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable 79 | by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their 80 | Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) 81 | with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You 82 | institute patent litigation against any entity (including a 83 | cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work 84 | or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct 85 | or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses 86 | granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate 87 | as of the date such litigation is filed. 88 | 89 | 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the 90 | Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without 91 | modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You 92 | meet the following conditions: 93 | 94 | (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or 95 | Derivative Works a copy of this License; and 96 | 97 | (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices 98 | stating that You changed the files; and 99 | 100 | (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works 101 | that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and 102 | attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, 103 | excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of 104 | the Derivative Works; and 105 | 106 | (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its 107 | distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must 108 | include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained 109 | within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not 110 | pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one 111 | of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed 112 | as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or 113 | documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, 114 | within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and 115 | wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents 116 | of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and 117 | do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution 118 | notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside 119 | or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided 120 | that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed 121 | as modifying the License. 122 | 123 | You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and 124 | may provide additional or different license terms and conditions 125 | for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or 126 | for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, 127 | reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with 128 | the conditions stated in this License. 129 | 130 | 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, 131 | any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work 132 | by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of 133 | this License, without any additional terms or conditions. 134 | Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify 135 | the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed 136 | with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 137 | 138 | 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade 139 | names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, 140 | except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the 141 | origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 142 | 143 | 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or 144 | agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each 145 | Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, 146 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or 147 | implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions 148 | of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A 149 | PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the 150 | appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any 151 | risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 152 | 153 | 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, 154 | whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, 155 | unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly 156 | negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be 157 | liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, 158 | incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a 159 | result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the 160 | Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, 161 | work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all 162 | other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor 163 | has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 164 | 165 | 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing 166 | the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, 167 | and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, 168 | or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this 169 | License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only 170 | on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf 171 | of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, 172 | defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability 173 | incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason 174 | of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. 175 | 176 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 177 | 178 | APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. 179 | 180 | To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following 181 | boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}" 182 | replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include 183 | the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate 184 | comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner} 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------